USGS

Water Quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1992-95

Table of contents || Previous section || Next section || Glossary


SUMMARY OF COMPOUND DETECTIONS AND CONCENTRATIONS

The following tables summarize data collected for NAWQA studies from 1992-95 by showing results for the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit compared to the NAWQA national range for each compound detected. The data were collected at a wide variety of places and times. In order to represent the wide concentration ranges observed among Study Units, logarithmic scales are used to emphasize the general magnitude of concentrations (such as 10, 100, or 1,000), rather than the precise number. The complete dataset used to construct these tables is available upon request.

  Water samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected

  Fish tissue and bed sediment samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected


Concentrations of herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients detected in ground and surface waters of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; µg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; %, percent; <, less than; - -, not measured; trade names may vary]

EXPLANATION

Example of colors and symbols used in graphs

Freshwater-chronic criterion for the protection of aquatic life a
Drinking water standard or guideline a
Range of surface-water detections in all 20 NAWQA Study Units
Range of ground-water detections in all 20 NAWQA Study Units
Detection in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit

Herbicide
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

Acetochlor 27%
0%

Alachlor (Lasso) 46%
1%

2,6-Diethylaniline (Alachlor metabolite) 0%
<1%

Atrazine (AAtrex, Gesaprim) 99%
34%

Desethylatrazinec (Atrazine metabolite) 92%
47%

Benfluralin (Balan, Benefin, Bonalan) <1%
0%

Bentazon (Basagran, bentazone) 4%
0%

Butylate (Sutan, Genate Plus, butilate) 1%
0%

Cyanazine (Bladex, Fortrol) 76%
1%

2,4-D (2,4-PA) 4%
0%

DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl) <1%
<1%

Dacthal, mono-acid (Dacthal metabolite) 1%
0%

Dicamba (Banvel, Mediben, MDBA) 1%
0%

Diuron (Karmex, Direx, DCMU) 3%
0%

Herbicide
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

EPTC (Eptam) 34%
0%

Metolachlor (Dual, Pennant) 65%
3%

Metribuzin (Lexone, Sencor) 9%
0%

Pebulate (Tillam) <1%
0%

Pendimethalin (Prowl, Stomp) 5%
0%

Prometon (Gesagram, prometone) 46%
4%

Propachlor (Ramrod, propachlore) <1%
0%

Simazine (Aquazine, Princep, GEsatop) 82%
4%

Tebuthiuron (Spike, Perflan) 5%
1%

Terbacilc (Sinbar) 1%
0%

Triallate (Far-Go) 0%
<1%

Triclopyr (Garlon, Grazon, Crossbow) 1%
0%

Trifluralin (Treflan, Trinin, Elancolan) <1%
0%



Insecticide
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

Carbarylc (Sevin, Savit) 7%
0%

Carbofuranc (Furadan, Curaterr) 6%
1%

Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban) 1%
0%

p,p'-DDE (p,p'-DDT metabolite) <1%
<1%

Diazinon 5%
0%

Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox) 1%
0%

Insecticide
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

Fonofos (Dyfonate) 5%
0%

gamma-HCH 1%
0%

Malathion (maldison, malathon, Cythion) 2%
0%

Methyl parathion (Penncap-M) <1%
0%

Phorate (Thimet, Rampart) 2%
0%

Propargite (Comite, Omite, BPPS) <1%
0%




Volatile Organic Compound
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

total Trihalomethanes --
2%



Nutrient
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

Dissolved ammonia 92%
86%

Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen 95%
45%

Nutrient
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

Dissolved phosphorus as phosphorus 80%
48%

Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate 86%
56%




Other
(Trade or common name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/L

Rakescale: 0.001 - 1,000 ug/L

Radon 222 --
100%


Herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients not detected in ground and surface waters of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.

Herbicides

Insecticides

Volatile organic compounds

Nutrients


Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements detected in fish tissue and bed sediment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.

[µg/g, micrograms per gram; µg/kg, micrograms per kilogram; %, percent; <, less than; - -, not measured; trade names may vary]

EXPLANATION

 

Guideline for the protection of aquatic lifee
Example of colors and symbols used in graphs

Range of detections in fish and clam tissue in all 20 Study Units
Range of detections in bed sediment in all 20 NAWQA Study Units
Detection in bed sediment or fish tissue in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit
Detection in clam tissue in the Ozark Plateaus Study Unit

Semivolatile
organic compound

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/kg

Rakescale: 0.1 - 100,000 ug/kg

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene --
4%

1,2-Dichlorobenzene --
17%

1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene --
33%

1,4-Dichlorobenzene --
21%

1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene --
42%

1-Methyl-9H-fluorene --
25%

1-Methylphenanthrene --
38%

1-Methylpyrene --
38%

2,2-Biquinoline --
4%

2,3,6-Trimethylnaphthalene --
38%

2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene --
62%

2,6-Dinitrotoluene --
4%

2-Ethylnaphthalene --
29%

2-Methylanthracene --
29%

4,5-Methylenephenanthrene --
29%

4-Chloro-3-methyl- phenol --
4%

9H-Carbazole --
33%

9H-Fluorene --
42%

Acenaphthene --
38%

Acenaphthylene --
42%

Acridine --
21%

Anthracene --
54%

Anthraquinone --
29%

Benz[ a ]anthracene --
50%

Benzo[ a ]pyrene --
50%

Semivolatile
organic compound

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/kg

Rakescale: 0.1 - 100,000 ug/kg

Benzo[ b ]fluoranthene --
54%

Benzo[ ghi ]perylene --
46%

Benzo[ k ]fluoranthene --
50%

Butylbenzylphthalate --
38%

C8-Alkylphenol --
13%

Chrysene --
50%

Di- n -butylphthalate --
75%

Di- n -octylphthalate --
13%

Dibenz[ a,h ] anthracene --
29%

Dibenzothiophene --
38%

Diethylphthalate --
42%

Dimethylphthalate --
17%

Fluoranthene --
58%

Indeno[1,2,3- cd ] pyrene --
42%

Isoquinoline --
17%

Naphthalene --
42%

N-Nitrosodi- phenylamine --
4%

Phenanthrene --
58%

Phenanthridine --
21%

Phenol --
92%

Pyrene --
58%

Quinoline --
21%

bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate --
75%

p-Cresol --
79%



Organochlorine
compound
(Trade name)

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/kg

Rakescale: 0.01 - 100,000 ug/kg

total-Chlordane 11%
8%

p,p'-DDE 61%
33%

total-DDT 61%
33%

Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox) 6%
8%

Heptachlor epoxide 6%
0%

Hexachlorobenzene 6%
--

PCB, total 28%
25%




Trace
element

Rate
of
detec-
tionb

Concentration, in µg/g

Rakescale: 0.01 - 10,000 ug/g

Arsenic 33%
100%

Cadmium 33%
97%

Chromium 83%
100%

Copper 100%
97%

Lead 0%
100%

Mercury 50%
88%

Nickel 17%
100%

Selenium 100%
100%

Zinc 100%
100%


Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements not detected in fish tissue and bed sediment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages Study Unit.

Semivolatile organic compounds



Organochlorine compounds



Trace elements




a. Selected water-quality standards and guidelines (Gilliom and others, in press).

b. Rates of detection are based on the number of analyses and detections in the Study Unit, not on national data. Rates of detection for herbicides and insecticides were computed by only counting detections equal to or greater than 0.01 µg/L in order to facilitate equal comparisons among compounds, which had widely varying detection limits. For herbicides and insecticides, a detection rate of "<1%" means that all detections are less than 0.01 µg/L, or the detection rate rounds to less than 1 percent. For other compound groups, all detections were counted and minimum detection limits for most compounds were similar to the lower end of the national ranges shown. Method detection limits for all compounds in these tables are summarized in (Gilliom and others, in press).

c. Detections of these compounds are reliable, but concentrations are determined with greater uncertainty than for the other compounds and are reported as estimated values (Zaugg and others, 1995).

d. The guideline for methyl tert-butyl ether is between 20 and 40 µg/L; if the tentative cancer classification C is accepted, the lifetime health advisory will be 20 µg/L (Gilliom and others, in press).

e. Selected sediment-quality guidelines (Gilliom and others, in press).


U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1156

Table of contents || Previous section || Next section || Glossary

Suggested citation:
C. A. Peters, D. M. Robertson, D. A. Saad, D. J. Sullivan, B. C. Scudder, F. A. Fitzpatrick, K. D. Richards, J. S. Stewart, S. A. Fitzgerald, and B. N. Lenz, 1998, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1156, on line at <URL: https://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ1156>, updated June 11, 1998

This page is a subpage of URL: <http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ1156>
Email questions and comments to GS-W_NAWQA_Outreach@usgs.gov
Last modified: Thu Jul 9 15:26:26 1998