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REFERENCES


Bauch, N.J., and Spahr, N.E., 1998, Salinity trends in surface waters of the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 27, no. 3, p. 640–655.

Bauch, N.J., and Spahr, N.E., 2000, Pesticides in surface waters of the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1996–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00–4005, 46 p.

Bureau of the Census, 1994, 1992 Census of agriculture, Volume 1 geographic area series Part 6, Colorado State and County Data: U.S. Department of Commerce report AC92–A–6, 400 p. plus appendixes.

Bureau of the Census, 1999, 1998 Population estimated and demographic components of change, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, http://www. census.gov/population/www/estimates

Butler, D.L., 1996, Trend analysis of selected water-quality data associated with salinity-control projects in the Grand Valley, in the lower Gunnison River Basin, and at Meeker Dome, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95–4274, 38 p.

Butler, D.L., Wright, W.G., Stewart, K.C., Osmundson, B.C., Krueger, R.P, and Crabtree, D.W., 1996, Detailed study of selenium and other constituents in water, bottom sediment, soil, alfalfa, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Uncompahgre Project Area and in the Grand Valley, west-central Colorado, 1991–93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4138, 136 p.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 1999, Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life—Summary tables, in Canadian environmental quality guidelines: 1999: Winnipeg, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.

Carter, L.F., and Porter, S.D., 1997, Trace-element accumulation by Hygrohypnum ochraceum in the Upper Rio Grande Basin, Colorado and New Mexico, USA: Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 16, p. 2521–2528.

Clements, W.H., 1994, Benthic invertebrate community responses to heavy metals in the upper Arkansas River Basin, Colorado: Journal of the North American Benthological Society v. 13, p. 30–44.

Clements, W.H., and Kiffney, P.M., 1995, The influence of elevation on benthic community responses to heavy metals in Rocky Mountain streams: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences v. 52, p. 1966–1977.

Colorado Climate Center, 1984, Colorado average annual precipitation 1951 to 1980: Fort Collins, Colorado Climate Center, scale 1:500,000.

Colorado Department of Local Affairs, 2000, Preliminary population projections for Colorado Counties 1990–2025: State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, accessed October 4, 2000, at http://www.dlg.oem2.state.co.us/demog/project.htm

Colorado Ski Country USA, 2000, Colorado Ski Country USA skier visits: Colorado Ski Country USA, accessed October 3, 2000, at http://www.skicolorado.org/ media_center/skiervisits.htm

Davis, M.W., and Streufert, R.K., 1990, Gold occurrences of Colorado: Colorado Geological Survey Resources Series 28, 101 p.

Deacon, J.R., and Driver, N.E., 1999, Distribution of trace elements in streambed sediment associated with mining activities in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, USA, 1995–96: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 37, p. 7–18.

Deacon, J.R., and Stephens, V.C., 1998, Trace elements in streambed sediment and fish liver at selected sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1995–1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4124, 19 p.

Denver Water Department, 1999, Comprehensive annual financial report; Denver Water Department: 96 p.

Engberg, R.A., 1999, Selenium budgets for Lake Powell and the Upper Colorado River Basin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 4, p. 771–786.

Environment Canada, 1999, Canadian water-quality guidelines for the protectin of aquatic life, Summary tables: Environment Canada, Environmental Quality Division, Guidelines and Standards Division, accessed October 31, 2000, at URL http://www.ec.gc.ca/ceqg-rcqe/water.htm.

Fegeas, R.G., Claire, R.W., Guptil, S.C., Anderson, K.E., and Hallam, C.A., 1983, U.S. Geological Survey digital cartographic data standards—Land use and land cover digital data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 895–E, 21 p.

Fenneman, N.M., 1946, Physical divisions of the United States: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey special map, scale 1:7,000,000.

Goodbred, S.L., Gilliom, R.J., Gross, T.S., Denslow, N.P., Bryant, W. L., and Schoeb, T.R., 1997, Reconnaissance of 17b-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, vitellogenin, and gonad histopathology in common carp of United States streams—Potential for contaminant-induced endocrine disruption: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96–627, 47 p.

Green, G.N., 1992, The digital geological map of Colorado in Arc/Info format: Denver, U.S. Geological Survey (revised April 12, 1995), Open-File Report 0507, scale 1:500,000.

Hitt, K.J., 1995, Refining 1970's land-use data with 1990 population data to indicate new residential development: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–4250, 15 p.

Kiffney, P.M., and Clements, W.H., 1994, Structural responses of benthic macroinvertebrate communities from different stream orders to zinc: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v. 13, p. 389–395.

Kircher, J.E., 1984, Dissolved solids in the Colorado River Basin, in U.S. Geological Survey, National water summary 1984—Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 74–78.

Liebermann, T.D., Mueller, D.K., Kircher, J.E., and Choquette, A.F., 1989, Characteristics and trends of streamflow and dissolved solids in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2358, 64 p.

Mayland, H.F., 1994, Selenium in plant and animal nutrition, in Frankenberger, W.T., Jr., and Benson, Salley, eds., Selenium in the environment: New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 29–45.

Myers, D.N., and Sylvester, M.A., 1997, Fecal indicator bacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A7, 38 p.

Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District, 2000, Colorado Big Thompson Project: Northern Colorado Water Conservancy District, accessed September 11, 2000, at http://www.ncwcd.org/cgi-bin/ncwcd?go=CBT

Ohlendorf, H.M., Hoffman, D.J., Saiki, M.K., and Aldrich, T.W., 1986, Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds—Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 52, p. 49–63.

Rice, K.C., 1999, Trace-element concentrations in stream-bed sediment across the conterminous United States: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 15, p. 2499–2504.

Seiler, R. L., Skorupa, J.P., and Peltz, L.A., 1999, Areas susceptible to irrigation-induced selenium contamination of water and biota in the Western United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1180, 36 p.

Squillace, P.J., Pankow, J.F., Korte, N.E., and Zogorski, J.S., 1996, Environmental behavior and fate of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–203–96, 6 p.

Stephens, V.C., and Deacon, J.R., 1998, Distribution and concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticides and PCB’s in streambed sediment and whole-body fish in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1995–96: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–167–97, 6 p.

Tweto, Ogden, comp., 1979, Geologic map of Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey State Geologic Map, scale 1:500,000 (reprinted).

U.S. Department of the Interior, 1995, Quality of water, Colorado River Basin—Progress report no. 17: U.S. Department of the Interior, 96 p.

U.S. Department of the Interior, 1999, Quality of water—Colorado River Basin: Denver, Colo., Bureau of Reclamation Progress Report 19, 93 p. plus appendix.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1996, Drinking water regulations and health advisories: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report 822–B–96–002, Office of Water [pagination unknown].

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997, Drinking water advisory: Consumer acceptability and health effects analysis on methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE): Washington D.C., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report 822–F–97–008, Office of Water, 4 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, rev. October 18, 1999, Proposed radon in drinking water rule: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 815–F–99–006: accessed March 6, 2000, at http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/radon/fact.html

U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, Water use in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey, accessed March 6, 2000, at http//water.usgs.gov/wateruse/

U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The quality of our Nation’s waters—Nutrients and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1225, 82 p.

Upper Colorado River Commission, 1999, Fifty-first annual report of the Upper Colorado River Commission, September 30, 1999: Salt Lake City, Utah, 92 p.

Vaill, J.E., and Butler, D.L., 1999, Streamflow and dissolved-solids trends, through 1996, in the Colorado River Basin upstream from Lake Powell—Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4097, 47 p.

 

Additional Publications of the UCOL Study Unit:

Apodaca, L.E., 1997, Analysis of ground-water-quality data of the Upper Colorado River Basin, water years 1972–92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4240, 31 p.

Apodaca, L.E., and Bails, J.B. 1999, Fraser River Watershed, Colorado—Assessment of available water-quantity and water-quality data through water year 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4255, 58 p.

Apodaca, L.E., and Bails, J.B., 2000, Water quality in alluvial aquifers of the Southern Rocky Mountains Physiographic Province, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4222, 68 p.

Apodaca, L.E., and Bails, J.B., 2000, Ground-water-quality assessment of selected wells in the Fraser River Watershed, Colorado, August 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4243, 8 p.

Apodaca, L.E., Driver, N.E., and Bails, J.B., 2000, Occurrence, transport, and fate of trace elements, Blue River Basin, Summit County, Colorado—An integrated approach: Environmental Geology, v. 39, no.8, p. 901–913.

Apodaca, L.E., Driver, N.E., Stephens, V.C., and Spahr, N.E., 1996, Environmental setting and implications on water quality, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95–4263, 33 p.

Apodaca, L.E., Stephens, V.C., and Driver, N.E., 1996, What affects water quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–109–96, 4 p.

Bauch, N.J. and Apodaca, L.E., 1995, Bibliography, indices, and data sources of water-related studies, Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado and Utah, 1972–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95–450, 282 p.

Deacon, J.R., 1997, Biological and contaminant investigations, Upper Colorado River Basin—What’s been done and how can the information be used?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–032–97, 2 p.

Deacon, J.R., and Mize, S.V., 1997, Effects of water quality and habitat on composition of fish communities in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–122–97, 6 p.

Deacon, J.R., Mize, S.V., and Spahr, N.E., 1999, Characterization of selected biological, chemical, and physical conditions at fixed sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1995–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4181, 35 p.

Deacon, J.R., and Spahr, N.E., 1998, Water-quality and biological community characterization at selected sites on the Eagle River, Colorado, September 1997 and February 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4236, 8 p.

Deacon, J.R., and Stephens, V.C., 1996, Summary of biological and contaminant investigations related to stream water quality and environmental setting in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1938–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4172, 37 p.

Driver, N.E., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program–Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–102, 2 p.

Greve, A.I., Spahr, N.E., Van Metre, P.C., and Wilson, J.T., in press, Identification of water-quality trends using sediment cores from Dillon Reservoir, Summit County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4022.

Spahr, N.E., and Boulger, R.W., 1997, Interim results of quality-control sampling of surface water for the Upper Colorado River National Water-Quality Assessment Study Unit, water years 1995–96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4227, 34 p.

Spahr, N.E., Boulger, R.W., and Szmajter, R.J., 2000, Water quality at basic fixed sites in the Upper Colorado River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment Study Unit, October 1995–September 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4223, 63 p.

Spahr, N.E., and Deacon, J.R., 1998, Water-quality characterization of the Slate and East Rivers during the winter recreational season, December, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98–279, 9 p.

Spahr, N.E., Driver, N.E., and Stephens, V.C., 1996, The Upper Colorado River National Water-Quality Assessment Program Surface-Water Monitoring Network: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS–191–96, 4 p.

Spahr, N.E., and Wynn, K.H., 1997, Nitrogen and phosphorus in surface waters of the Upper Colorado River Basin: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 33, no. 3, p. 547–560.

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U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1214

Suggested citation:

Spahr, N.E., Apodaca, L.E., Deacon, J.R., Bails, J.B., Bauch, N.J., Smith, C.M., and Driver, N.E., 2000, Water Quality in the Upper Colorado River Basin, Colorado, 1996–98: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1214, 33 p., on-line at https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1214/

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