1_README.TXT The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake-- Selected Photographs By John K. Nakata, Charles E. Meyer, Howard G. Wilshire, John C. Tinsley, William S. Updegrove, D.M. Peterson, Stephen D. Ellen, Ralph A. Haugerud, Robert J. McLaughlin, G. Reid Fisher, and Michael F. Diggles Digital Data Series DDS-29 Version 1.2 1999 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INTRODUCTION On October 17, 1989, at 5:04:15 p.m. (P.d.t.), a magnitude 6.9 (moment magnitude; surface-wave magnitude, 7.1) earthquake severely shook the San Francisco and Monterey Bay regions. The epicenter was located at 37.04 degrees N. latitude, 121.88 degrees W. longitude near Loma Prieta peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, approximately 14 km (9 mi) northeast of Santa Cruz and 96 km (60 mi) south-southeast of San Francisco. The earthquake occurred when the crustal rocks comprising the Pacific and North American Plates abruptly slipped as much as 2 meters (7 ft) along their common boundary-the San Andreas fault system. The rupture initiated at a depth of 18 km (11 mi) and extended 35 km (22 mi) along the fault, but it did not break the surface of the Earth . Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publications Data The October 17, 1989 Loma Prieta, California Earthquake - Selected Photographs[computer file / [by J.K. Nakata ... et al.] 1 computer laser optical disc ; 4 3/4 in. -- (U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series ; DDS-29) Computer data. System requirements for Macintosh: 8MB RAM; System 7.0 or later; thirteen-inch, color monitor; CD-ROM drive. System requirements for Windows: 386 PC or better; 4MB RAM; Windows 3.1 or higher; MS- or PC-DOS 5.0 or greater; VGA color monitor, CD-ROM drive. Title from jewel case cover. Summary: Contains 103 color photographs of the greater San Francisco and Monterey Bay areas that were affected by the October 17, 1989 earthquake. Each twenty-four-bit image is available in five resolutions from thumbnail (192 x 128 pixels) to high (3072 x 2048 pixels). Compatible with Macintosh, Windows, DOS, OS/2, SGI, and UNIX platforms. ISBN 0-607-86640-3 1. Earthquakes--California--Loma Prieta--Maps--Databases. 2. California--San Francisco Bay Area--Maps--Databases. 3. California--Monterey Bay--Maps--Databases. I. Nakata, John K. II. Series: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series ; DDS-29. G4362.L522C55 1999 551.22--DC12a 97-4519 CIP QUICK START For those already familiar with HTML browsers, go directly to the file "index.html". FOR SALE BY: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services, National Mapping Division Box 25046 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0046 Telephone: (888) ASK-USGS DISCLAIMERS This Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service, by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and (or) the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS This CD-ROM (DDS_29) was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 Level 2 standard and Apple Computer's(1) Hierarchical File System (HFS) standard. The data and text on this CD-ROM require either a UNIX workstation, Macintosh(1) or compatible computer, or IBM(2) or compatible personal computer, all equipped with a CD-ROM drive. Macintosh - 68030 or higher processor (PowerPC recommended) - 8 megabytes RAM (64 MB recommended) - Apple System Software version 7.1.2 or later (8.1 or later recommended) - 13-inch color monitor that can display 256 colors (16.7 million colors recommended) Windows - 80386 or higher processor (Pentium(3) recommended) - Microsoft Windows(4) 95 or higher (Windows 98 or NT recommended. Users of Windows 3.1 can open any file directly but many of the links will not work as they use 32-bit filenames - 8 megabytes RAM (64 MB recommended) - VGA color monitor that can display 256 colors (16.7 million colors recommended) All platforms - Web-browsing software, such as Netscape Navigator(6) or Microsoft Internet Explorer(4) Optional software - Adobe Acrobat(5) Reader 3.0 or higher (3.01 and 4.0 included on this disc for Macintosh and Windows) or other software that can translate PDF files - Software that can read and print Photo CD (PCD) image-pac files, such as Adobe Photoshop(5), EasyPhoto(7), or Photoworks Darkroom(8) ABOUT THE LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE CD-ROM This CD-ROM contains 103 digitized color 35-mm images from Open-File Report 90-547 (Nakata and others, 1990). Our photographic coverage reflects the time and resources available immediately after the event and is not intended to portray the full extent of earthquake damage. This CD-ROM provides images for use by the interested public, multimedia producers, desktop publishers, and the high-end printing industry. The digital images are stored in the "photocd" folder and can be read across Macintosh, Windows, DOS, OS/2, SGI, and UNIX platforms with applications that can read Kodak's Photo-CD (YCC) file format. Up-to-date information about Photo CD is on the World Wide Web at http://www.kodak.com/go/photocd. Also included on this CD- ROM are Windows and Macintosh viewers and engines for keyword or geographic searches (Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search). At the time of this publication, Kodak's policy on the distribution of color-management files is still unresolved, and so none is included on this CD. However, using the Universal Ektachrome or Universal Kodachrome transforms found in your software will provide excellent color. Feel free to use any of these images but please cite the photographer and the U.S. Geological Survey. The contents of this CD-ROM are best viewed through the HTML "front end," using a browser. The photographs are organized geographically as follows: Index map of photographic sites I. San Francisco Sites II. Bay Bridge III. Oakland IV. San Francisco and San Mateo County Coast V. Fremont Baylands VI. Menlo Park VII. Los Altos VIII. Los Gatos IX. Summit Road Area, Santa Cruz Mountains X. Redwood Grove, Santa Cruz Mountains XI. Boulder Creek, Santa Cruz Mountains XII. Highway 17, Santa Cruz Mountains XIII. Santa Cruz Area XIV. Watsonville Area XV. Moss Landing XVI. Salinas Color Targets (for use in comparing your color monitor and printer to Kodak(9) standards) In addition to Photo CD (PCD) files, this CD-ROM contains preview thumbnail and screen-resolution images in GIF and JPEG formats, respectively. These undergo downsizing, compression, and (or) color-palate reduction relative to the original Photo CD images. Each of these resolutions is located in the following folders: Thumbnails (GIF's): /thumbs Screen-resolution (JPEG's): /screens Photo CD format (PCD's): /photocd The captions for each image, besides being included in the HTML front end and the PDF file, are provided in ASCII format in the captions.txt file. FACT SHEET For the 10th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake, the U.S. Geological Survey has produced a Fact Sheet titled "Progress Toward a Safer Future Since the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake" that describes advances in risk reduction in the last decade. That four-page file is also included on this CD-ROM in Acrobat PDF format (fs1510-99.pdf). TO GET STARTED: On a Macintosh, double-click on the CD-ROM icon and double- click on the file 1_README.TXT. On a PC system with Windows, open Notepad or a word-processing application, change to the CD-ROM device, and open the file 1_README.TXT. On a UNIX workstation, mount the CD. If you are unsure about the process of mounting CDs on the workstation, see your system administrator for instructions. Once the CD-ROM is mounted, use your preferred ASCII text editor or web browser to open the file 1_README.TXT. PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT (PDF) FILES Because there are no freeware applications that will view or print Photo CD (PCD) files, we have provided an Adobe Acrobat PDF version of this report (dds-29.pdf). Using Adobe Acrobat Reader (versions 3.01 and 4.0 provided on this CD-ROM in the Acrobat folder), you can print high-resolution copies of each photograph with its caption. This PDF contains "bookmarks" (in the left margin) that allow you to jump to other parts of the document and other documents. A "slideshow" of the photographs is available by viewing the PDF file slideshow.pdf. The images in this file are 1024 x 768 pixels. To get the slideshow to advance automatically in your copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader, set File, Preferences, Full Screen, to Advance Every 2 Seconds. To make best use of this CD-ROM, you will need to develop some familiarity with Acrobat Reader; an on-line guide is available within Acrobat Reader under "Help." The Acrobat directory contains installers for Adobe Acrobat Reader 3.01 (ACROBAT3 subdirectory) and 4.0 (ACROBAT4 subdirectory) for both Windows (PC directories) and Macintosh (MAC directories). Acrobat 3.01 will run on the minimum system requirements for this disc given above. To use Acrobat Reader 4.0 under Windows, you need an 80486 or Pentium processor-based personal computer, Microsoft Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 3 or later, 8 MB of RAM on Windows 95 and Windows 98 (16 MB recommended), or 16 MB of RAM on Windows NT (24 MB recommended). To use Acrobat Reader 4.0 on a Macintosh, you need a Power Macintosh computer. This CD-ROM contains a full-text index (index.pdx and associated files in the "index" directory) that is for use in searching the PDF files for words or sets of words, using the search tool in Acrobat Reader. You can use the installers provided on this disc or download the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader free via the World Wide Web from the Adobe homepage at http://www.adobe.com/. PHOTO CD (PCD) VERSION OF PHOTOGRAPHS For users who have commercial software that can read and print PCD files, the photographs are provided on this CD-ROM in that format in the "photocd" folder. In the hierarchy of file formats, Photo CD (YCC) resides above BMP, EPS, GIF, JPEG, MOV, PCX, PICT, PSD, TIF, TIFF, etc., enabling end users to go from YCC to other formats, but not in the other direction without losing image quality. Each 24-bit color image is stored as 5 resolutions: 1. Thumbnail [192 x 128 pixels]--Contact-sheet-size images for quick previewing of the entire collection. 2. FPO "For Placement Only" [384 x 256 pixels]--A proxy for high-resolution images to determine placement in page-layout programs. 3. Screen Resolution [786 x 512 pixels]--Ideal for computer viewing and multimedia projects. 4. HDTV High-Definition Television [1536 x 1024 pixels]-- Sufficient resolution for high definition TV, newspapers, and high-quality half-page layouts. 5. High Resolution [3072 x 2048 pixels]--Provides the printing industry with resolution sufficient for high- quality full-page layouts at 300 dpi/150 lpi and 24-bit color. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank our colleagues: Richard Pike, for his thorough scrutiny of the entire manuscript; Robert Mark, for reviewing the computer section; Edward Helley, who originally reviewed Open-File Report 90-547; Evelyn (Newman) Billo, David Traudt, Sue Mayfield, Sara Boore, George Havach, Peter Stauffer, and Bob Page for facilitating authoring of the CD-ROM; Todd Fitzgibbon, for a short course in HTML; and Jack Hillhouse, for supporting the project. We especially thank Alpha CD Imaging of Menlo Park, Calif. for their technical assistance. REGISTERED TRADEMARKS (1) Apple Computer, Inc. (2) IBM Corp. (3) Intel Corp. (4) Microsoft Corp. (5) Adobe Systems, Inc. (6) Netscape Communications Corp. (7) Storm Technology, Inc. (8) Seattle Filmworks, Inc. (9) Eastman Kodak Co.