U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIGITAL DATA SERIES DDS-19


Geology and Resource Assessment of Costa Rica at 1:500,000 Scale--A Digital
 Representation of Maps of the U.S. Geological Survey's 1987 Folio I-1865


                            By Paul G. Schruben

                          U.S. Geological Survey 
                           920 National Center
                        12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
                          Reston, VA  22092-9998



                    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                        BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

                         U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
                        Gordon P. Eaton, Director

        For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services
                        Box 25286, Federal Center
                             Denver, CO 80225


                                  1996


               Prepared in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va.  
            Manuscript approved for publication May 9, 1995.




                         TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Disclaimer
System Requirements
Disc Contents
Quick Start: TextWare Lite For DOS
Quick Start: TextWare Lite For Macintosh
Quick Start: TextWare Lite For Windows
Project Overview
History of the Maps
References
Map Projection
Cautions Relating to the Use of the Maps
Online Errata Reports
Graphics Formats Available Acknowledgments
Contacts
User Registration



                              DISCLAIMER

   This Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by 
an agency of the United States Government.  Neither the United States 
Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any 
warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or 
responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any 
information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or 
represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.  
Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by
trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily 
constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the 
United States Government or any agency thereof.  Any views and opinions of 
authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the 
United States Government or any agency thereof.  
   Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used by
the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the U.S. Geological 
Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and/or the 
functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute 
any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use 
of these data, software, or related materials.  
   Graphical map depictions on this disc are intended to be used within the 
map scale limits applicable to the source data. Although software enables 
the user to show images on the disc at various scales, the user is cautioned
to refer to the source documentation for the appropriate map scale 
limitations.



                            SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 

   This CD-ROM was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 standard and 
thus allows access to the disc files by computers with ISO 9660 software 
drivers.


1) TEXTWARE LITE REQUIREMENTS

   The TEXTWARE LITE program allows searching of indexed text and the
display of associated figures.  It runs under DOS, Windows, and Macintosh.

The minimum DOS and Windows requirements are:

    IBM or compatible computer WITH MOUSE
    640 kb RAM (at least 540 kb free memory) 
    MS- or PC-DOS version 5.0 or later
    Microsoft MSCDEX version 2.1 or later 
    CD-ROM drive with ISO 9660 software driver 
    Hard disk drive with 5 Mb free (for use as virtual memory)
    Super VGA graphics system (640x480 pixels with 256 colors) 


The minimum Macintosh system requirements are:

    System 7.x
    8 Mb RAM
    256-color graphics display system


2) GIV REQUIREMENTS 

   This disc contains the U.S. Geological Survey's Geologic Information
Visualization (GIV) graphics display programs that operate on 
DOS-compatible computers that meet or exceed the following configuration
requirements:

    IBM or compatible computer WITH MOUSE
    640 kb RAM (at least 540 kb free memory) 
    Math coprocessor
    MS- or PC-DOS version 5.0 or later 
    Microsoft MSCDEX version 2.1 or later 
    CD-ROM drive with ISO 9660 software driver 
    Hard disk drive (5 Mb free) 
    Super VGA graphics system (640x480 pixels with 256 colors) 


3) ARCVIEW 1 REQUIREMENTS

   The minimum system requirements for the Microsoft Windows version of 
ArcView 1 are:

    80386 or better CPU
    Math coprocessor recommended
    Windows 3.0 or higher
    4 Mb of RAM, 8 Mb strongly recommended
    15 Mb of disk space
    Super VGA graphics system, 256 colors, 640x480 pixels minimum, 1024x768 
       pixels strongly recommended
    Microsoft-compatible mouse
    Windows-supported printer



                               DISC CONTENTS


1_readme.dos   general information file (ASCII text for DOS)
1_readme.mac   general information file (ASCII text for Macintosh)
discinfo.mac   DDS19 documentation (this file), Macintosh text format
discinfo.dos   DDS19 documentation (this file), DOS text format
arcview        directory containing ArcView 1 program and accessories
datafile         directory containing ARC/INFO, DLG, and DXF files
  avexport         directory containing ArcView 1 export coverages
      avlin.e00    lineset for ArcView.  Copy to home directory
      country.e00  surrounding countries & water with color fill
      domdis.e00   domains for selected deposit types
      geol.exx     geology and fault files, 00-03
      geolanno.e00 geologic rock unit codes, names, and leaders
      geoleg.e00   geology legend
      grar.e00     Bouguer gravity anomalous areas and names
      grav.e00     Bouguer gravity contours
      gravis.e00   isostatic gravity contours
      grid.e00     latitude/longitude grid with numbers
      grlin.e00    gravity lineaments and cross section line
      import.aml   ARC program script for importing all coverages
      maalt.e00    Tilarán gold-mining-area hydrothermal alteration
      maft.e00     Tilarán gold-mining-area faults
      mage.e00     Tilarán gold-mining-area geology, outlines
      mapt.e00     Tilarán gold-mining-area mines and veins
      mines.e00    mineral deposits, prospects, and occurrences
      rocks.e00    rock geochemistry sample points
      scale.e00    1:500,000 scale bar with annotation
  avpccov        directory containing DOS/Windows ArcView 1 coverages
      av.lin       lineset to be copied to the ARC HOME directory
      costa.av     ArcView view file containing map key
      country      surrounding countries & water with color fill
      domdis       domains for selected deposit types
      geol         geology and faults
      geolanno     geologic rock unit codes, names, and leaders
      geoleg       geology legend
      grar         Bouguer gravity anomalous areas and names
      grav         Bouguer gravity contours
      gravis       isostatic gravity contours
      grid         latitude/longitude grid with numbers
      grlin        Costa Rica gravity lineaments and cross section line
      maalt        Tilarán gold-mining-area hydrothermal alteration
      maft         Tilarán gold-mining-area faults
      mage         Tilarán gold-mining-area geology, outlines
      mapt         Tilarán gold-mining-area mines and veins
      mines        mineral deposits, prospects, and occurrences
      rocks        rock geochemistry sample points
      scale        1:500,000 scale bar with annotation
  avuxcov.tar    file containing UNIX ArcView 1 coverages, same contents as 
                   avpccov
  dlg            directory containing digital line graph (DLG) files
      fline.cma       fault line types
      geol.dlg        geology and faults in Lambert projection
      geoldd.dlg      geology and faults in decimal degrees
      geoleg.dlg      legend geology and faults in Lambert projection
      geolegdd.dlg    legend geology and faults in decimal degrees
      gline.cma       contact line types
      ptype.cma       rock unit codes, descriptions, colors for Versatec 
                         plotter 
      scale.dlg       scale bar in Lambert projection
      scaledd.dlg     scale bar in decimal degrees
  dxf             directory containing drawing exchange file (DXF) files
      faults.dxf     fault arcs
      geol.dxf       geology polygons, labels
      geolanno.dxf   rock unit annotation and leaders
      geoleg.dxf     legend polygons, labels, annotation, and lines
      scale.dxf      scale bar and annotation
  export          directory containing directories of ARC/INFO Export files
    domain        directory containing deposit domain files
      dom.aml        ARC/PLOT program for 44" Versatec plotter plots
      dom.e00        deposit type domain polygons and arcs
      dom.gra        ARC/PLOT 1040 plot file for 44" Versatec plotter.  
                        This a binary file.
      import.aml     ARC program for importing coverage
    geochem       directory containing rock geochemistry Export files
      import.aml     ARC program for importing rocks coverage
      rocks.e00      rock geochemistry sample points
    geol          directory containing geology Export files 
      costa.aml      ARC/PLOT program for 44" Versatec plotter plots
      dmarest.e00    coastlines and political boundaries for countries 
                       adjacent to Costa Rica
      flinelut.e00   fault line type INFO lookup table
      geo2lam.prj    projection parameters for converting from decimal 
                       degrees to Lambert conformal conic
      geol.exx       geology and fault files, 00-03
      geol.gra       ARC/PLOT 1040 plot file for 44" Versatec plotter.  
                        This a binary file.
      geolanno.e00   rock unit code annotation and leaders
      geoleg.e00     geology legend
      glinelut.e00   contact line type INFO lookup table
      import.aml     ARC program for importing all coverages
      lam2geo.prj    projection parameters for converting from Lambert 
                       conformal conic to decimal degrees
      mypd.e00       lineset for ARC/PLOT plots
      ptypelut.e00   rock unit polygon INFO lookup table
      scale.e00      scale bar and latitude and longitude labels
    gold          directory containing Tilarán gold-mining-area geology, 
                     veins, and mineral deposit Export files
      coast.e00      nearby coastline
      import.aml     ARC program for importing all coverages
      inset.e00      index map showing gold-mining-area location
      ma.aml         ARC/PLOT program for 44" Versatec plotter plots
      maalt.e00      alteration area polygons
      maaltlg.e00    alteration area polygons legend
      maft.e00       faults, bedding symbols, volcanic centers
      maftlg.e00     faults, bedding symbols, volcanic centers legend
      mage.e00       geology polygons
      mage.gra       ARC/PLOT 1040 plot file for 44" Versatec plotter.  
                        This is a binary file.
      magelg.e00     geology legend
      malut.e00      ma.lut lookup table for polygon fill
      maout.e00      area neatline box and latitude and longitude labels
      mapt.e00       mine points and veins
      maptanno.e00   mine points and veins annotation
      maptlg.e00     mine points and veins legend
      mascale.e00    scale bar
      myalc.e00      myalcgeol.mrk markerset for ma.aml
      ptpllut.e00    ptpl.lut1x lookup table for maft points
    gravbo        directory containing Bouger gravity anomaly Export files
      coast.e00      coastline and country boundaries
      grar.e00       Bouguer gravity anomalous area names and outlines
      grav.exx       Bouguer gravity contour polygon files, 00-01
      grav.aml       ARC/PLOT program for 44" Versatec plotter plots
      grav.gra       ARC/PLOT 1040 plot file for 44" Versatec plotter.  
                        This is a binary file.
      gravlut.e00    gravity contour Versatec color lookup table
      grleg.e00      Bouguer gravity contour legend and scale bar
      grlin.e00      Bouguer gravity lineaments and names
      grlinlut.e00   Bouguer gravity lineaments and names lookup table
      grsectaa.e00   Bouguer gravity map cross section line
      import.aml     ARC program for importing all coverages
      scale.e00      scale bar and latitude and longitude labels
    gravis        directory containing isostatic gravity anomaly Export 
                     files
      gris.aml       ARC/PLOT program for 44" Versatec plotter plots
      gris.e00       isostatic gravity contour polygons
      gris.gra       ARC/PLOT 1040 plot file for 44" Versatec plotter.  
                        This is a binary file.
      grisleg.e00    isostatic gravity contour legend and scale bar
      import.aml     ARC program for importing all coverages
    mines         directory containing mineral deposit Export files
      deptype.e00    lookup table of point symbols for deposit types
      import.aml     ARC program for importing all coverages
      mines.aml      ARC/PLOT program for 44" Versatec plotter plots
      mines.e00      point file
      mines.gra      ARC/PLOT 1040 plot file for 44" Versatec plotter.  
                        This is a binary file.
      mrdsek.e00     mrdsek.mrk markerset for point symbols
      minesleg.e00   legend showing key to point symbol types
DISCINFO.TWC    file containing documentation on the following subjects
                  (this file)
   title page
   disclaimer
   computer system requirements to use this CD-ROM
   quick start: TextWare Lite For DOS
   quick start: TextWare Lite For Macintosh
   quick start: TextWare Lite For Windows
   project overview
   history of digital maps, conversion techniques
   references cited in this CD-ROM 
   map projection parameters
   cautions relating to the use of the maps
   where to find online bug list
   list of available graphics formats
   description of ARC/INFO Export files
   description of digital line graph (DLG) files
   description of drawing exchange file (DXF) files
   description of ArcView 1 coverages and export files
   installation and launching instructions for ArcView 1 
   installation and launching steps for GIV
   documentation and tutorial for MAPPER program
   documentation for VIEWLBL program
   acknowledgments
   people to contact at the U.S. Geological Survey
   registration form for new publication announcements
figures       directory containing the GEOLOGY and DISCINFO images
GEOLOGY.TWC   file containing the following sections from folio I-1865
   geology        Costa Rica geology description
   key            correlation chart and key to rock units from plate 2
   reffolio       references cited in folio I-1865
   resource       metallic mineral resource assessment
giv           directory containing the U.S. Geological Survey's Geologic 
                   Information Visualization (GIV) software and maps
   giv           directory containing GIV software
   mapper        directory containing MAPPER interactive vector maps
   raster        directory containing RASTMAP raster maps
twlite        directory containing the complete TWLITE user manuals



              Quick Start: TextWare Lite for DOS

Welcome to TextWare Lite for DOS 4.1

TextWare Lite is a full-text retrieval program. We hope the product
works well for you.  We believe we have succeeded in making this
product intuitive and easy to use.


Getting Help

For instant help while using the program, be sure to use the F1 Help 
key for context-sensitive help; access the on-line User Manual for
more details.


What Kind of User Are You?

Are you a manual reader, a manual skimmer, or someone who consults
a manual only as a last resort?  Are you a novice computer user?
An experienced DOS user?  A current TextWare 3.0 user?

We have tried to design this document with all these types of users 
in mind.

If you are a TextWare 3.0 user, you should get enough information to
get started by following these abbreviated instructions.

If you are an experienced user (or simply intrepid), the same route
may also work for you, at least for getting started.

If you are a novice, we recommend that you skim Quick Start to get an
overview of how to use the program.  Then, for more specific information,
see Chapter 2 - TextWare Lite For DOS Tutorial, in User Manual in the
Help Menu.  If even more in-depth information is needed, access the
complete user's manual (TWLITDOS.TWC) in the TWLITE subdirectory (by
closing this CardFile by typing ALT-F, then C to Close,  to OK
closing the highlighted entry,  for Open, ALT-P to select a new
path, typing \TWLITE , highlighting TextWare Lite For DOS User
Manual, and pressing ).


Hardware Requirements

Make sure that you have at least 1.5 Mb of disk space available and
that your computer has a minimum of 640 kb of RAM.  In many instances,
TextWare Lite will recognize and use up to 32 Mb of expanded or extended
RAM installed in your computer.  See Memory Usage in the Reference 
Section for more information.

Mouse Setup

TextWare Lite supports a mouse.  If you have a mouse, install it in
accordance with the mouse manufacturer's instructions.  Load the 
mouse driver before starting TextWare.



              Using TextWare Lite for DOS

The menus in TextWare Lite work much like those in Windows and other
graphical interfaces.  Because it is a character-based DOS application,
however, the menu screens (and mouse cursor) are all drawn using ASCII
characters.

Searching a CardFile

To search through the selected CardFile, press the Space Bar or
select Enter from the Search menu.  The Search window displays.

Notice that all the unique words in the CardFile are listed in the 
Word Wheel.

You may now select one or more words from the Word Wheel.  Use the up 
and down arrow keys and press F5, or type the words and search for 
them.  You may use any of the Boolean operators (OR, AND, etc.) as 
search conditions.  A space between words is equivalent to AND.  
Choose OK (you may simply press Enter while the brackets around "OK" 
are highlighted) to execute the search.

Upon executing the search, the program displays a Hit List, or list 
of all the Cards where the specified words occur.  The Cards are 
listed by their Short Displays, a one-line description.

Select one of the hits in the list (highlight the Short Display and 
press Enter or double-click with the mouse) to display the text in 
the Card.  

When the text is displayed, the F2 key jumps to the next match within 
a single Card, while the + key moves to the next hit Card (use 
Shift+F2 and - to go backwards).  The F10 key displays the Hit List 
again.

You may also choose to perform a phrase search (exact order of words) 
or a proximity search (words found in the same sentence or 
paragraph).


Links
Words displayed in a light-blue color (reverse video for monochrome
monitors) are Hypertext Links.  Links can be associated with another
word or phrase, an image, a Sticky Note, or even an external program.

Position the cursor and press Enter on a Link (or double-click with 
the mouse) to access the word, image, or program to which it is
linked.  The bottom help line displays the Link type when the cursor 
is on the Link.


     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *

These instructions are just a quick overview.  For more detailed 
instructions, see Chapter 2 - TextWare Lite For DOS Tutorial in User
Manual in the Help Menu, or the complete user's manual (TWLITDOS.TWC)
in the TWLITE subdirectory.



          Quick Start: TextWare Lite for Macintosh

Welcome to TextWare Lite for Macintosh 1.0

We hope the product works well for you.  We believe we have succeeded
in making this product intuitive and easy to use.  

Getting Help

For instant help while using the program, be sure to use the Help 
key for context-sensitive help; access the online User Manual for
more details.


What Kind of User Are You?

Are you a manual reader, a manual skimmer, or someone who consults a
manual only as a last resort?  Are you a novice computer user?
A current TextWare user?

We have tried to design this document with all these types of users 
in mind.

This document assumes that you have a basic and working knowledge
of the System 7 operating system.  If you have not used your Macintosh
before, be sure to become familiar with it before using TextWare Lite
for the Macintosh.

If you are a novice, we recommend that you skim Quick Start to get an
overview of how to use the program.  If you require or are interested
in more specific information see Chapter 3 - TextWare Lite For Macintosh
Tutorial in User Manual in the Help Menu.  If even more in-depth information
is needed, access the complete user's manual (TWLITMAC.TWC) in the TWLITE
folder by closing this CardFile (press Command-Q), double-click on the
TWLITE folder, and double-click on the TWLITMAC.TWC icon.


Hardware Requirements

TextWare Lite for Macintosh requires System 7 operating system from Apple
Computer, Inc.  Make sure you have at least 2 Mb of free disk space
available to install the TextWare Lite for Macintosh software.  The minimum
software and hardware requirements needed to use the software successfully
are shown below.   System 7 requires:

     1.      An Apple Macintosh or PowerBook Computer

     2.      At least 4 Mb of RAM (5 Mb recommended)

     3.      A hard disk drive

     4.      An Apple SuperDrive floppy disk drive

Refer to the System 7 documentation for any questions concerning setup and
configuration of your Macintosh.


                Using TextWare Lite for Macintosh

Basic Macintosh Functions

TextWare Lite for Macintosh uses a button bar similar to those in other
Macintosh products.  These buttons allow the user to quickly perform
certain functions without selecting an item from a pull-down menu.

To use TextWare Lite on your Macintosh, you select a menu and then choose
a command from that menu.  Choosing the command carries out the action. To
choose a TextWare menu command with the mouse:

     o   move the tip of the arrow pointer over the menu title
     o   press and hold down the mouse button to display the menu
     o   drag the pointer down the menu to highlight the command you want
     o   release the mouse button to activate the command

Many commands have a keyboard equivalent, usually made up of the Command
key (indicated by the propeller symbol), which is held down with one other
key.  Each of the keyboard shortcuts is displayed to the right of the
command it represents in the menu.

Refer to your System 7 documentation for additional information
about operating system options and dialog boxes.


Searching a CardFile

To open an existing CardFile, select Open from the File menu.  Double-click
on the name of the CardFile you wish to search or click on the CardFile and 
select Open.

To search through the selected CardFile, select the Search button from the
button bar, press the Space Bar or select Enter from the Search menu.  The
Enter a Search dialog box is displayed.   Notice that all the unique words
in the CardFile are listed in the Word Wheel.

Use the mouse to select words directly from the Word Wheel.  Or simply
type the words and search for them.  You may use any of the Boolean
operators (OR, AND, etc.) as search conditions.  A space between words is
equivalent to AND.  Select Search or press Enter to execute the search.

Upon executing the search, the program displays a Hit List, or list of all
the Cards where the specified words occur.  The Cards are listed by their
Short Displays, a one-line description about each Card.

Select one of the hits in the list (double-click with the mouse) to display
the text in the Card.  

When the text is displayed, the Next Match and Previous Match buttons
become active.  Use these buttons to jump to the next and previous matches
within a single Card.

Once a search is completed, the Next Hit and Previous Hit buttons become
active. Use these buttons to move to the next and previous hit Card.
Click on the Hit List button to display the Hit List again.

You may also choose to perform a phrase search (exact order of words) 
or a proximity search (words found in the same sentence or paragraph).


Links

Words displayed in various colors are Hypertext Links.  Links can be
associated with another word or phrase, an image, a video file, an
audio file or a Sticky Note.

The following are the colors for the links:

Word Link           Blue
Image Link          Red
Video Link          Green
Audio Link          Yellow 
Sticky Note         Pink

Click on the linked word or position the cursor on the linked word.
The bottom help line will change to reflect the link type. Double-click
with the mouse or press Enter on a Link to access the word or image to
which it is linked.

    * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *

These instructions are just a quick overview.  For more detailed
instructions, see Chapter 3 - TextWare Lite For Macintosh Tutorial in User
Manual in the Help Menu, or the complete user's manual (TWLITMAC.TWC) in the
TWLITE folder.



          Quick Start: TextWare Lite for Windows

Welcome to TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2

We hope the product works well for you.  We believe we have succeeded
in making this product intuitive and easy to use.  

Getting Help

For instant help while using the program, be sure to use the F1 Help 
key for context-sensitive help; access the online User Manual for
more details.


What Kind of User Are You?

Are you a manual reader, a manual skimmer, or someone who consults
a manual only as a last resort?  Are you a novice computer user?
A current TextWare user?

We have tried to design this document with all these types of users 
in mind.

This document assumes that you have a basic and working knowledge
of Microsoft Windows 3.1.  If you have not used Windows before,
be sure to become familiar with Windows and Windows terminology
before using TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2.

If you are already a MS-DOS TextWare user, you should get enough 
information to get started by following the abbreviated instructions 
here in Quick Start.

If you are an experienced MS-DOS or Windows user (or simply intrepid),
the same route may also work for you, at least for getting started.

If you are a novice, we recommend that you skim Quick Start to get an
overview of how to use the program.  Then, if you require or are just
interested in more specific assistance, see Chapter 4 - TextWare Lite
For Windows in User Manual in the Help Menu.  If even more in-depth
information is needed, access the complete user's manual (TWLITWIN.TWC)
in the TWLITE subdirectory.


Hardware Requirements

TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2 requires Microsoft Windows 3.1.  Make sure 
you have at least 3 Mb of free disk space available to install the
TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2 software.  The minimum software and hardware 
requirements needed to run Windows successfully are shown below.   

    1.      Microsoft MS-DOS version 5.0 or later

    2.      A personal computer with an 80386 processor or higher

    3.      640 kb of conventional memory

    4.      1024 kb of extended memory (2048 kb is recommended)

    5.      10 Mb of free disk space

    6.      A display adapter that is supported by Windows

    7.      A printer that is supported by Windows

Refer to the Windows 3.1 documentation for any questions concerning 
setup and configuration of Windows.
 
Mouse Setup

Microsoft Windows and TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2 support a mouse. If
you have a mouse, install it in accordance with the mouse manufacturer's
instructions for installing the mouse with Windows 3.1.  A mouse is not
required to use TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2, as all Windows keyboard
equivalences have been enabled.  However, a mouse is highly recommended.


        Using TextWare Lite for Windows

Basic Windows Functions

TextWare Lite for Windows 1.2 uses a button bar similar to those in
other Windows products.  These buttons allow the user to quickly perform
certain functions without selecting an item from a pull-down menu.

In Windows, you select a menu and then choose a command from that menu.  
Choosing the command carries out the action.  To select a TextWare menu:

Mouse

    o  Using the mouse, point to the name of the menu on the menu bar,
       and click on the left mouse button.  

Keyboard

    o  Press the Alt key or F10 to select the menu bar.
    
    o  Press the left arrow or right arrow to select the menu you want.
    
    o  Press Enter to open the selected menu.

    Note:  If the name of an item in the menu bar has an underlined
    letter, you can press ALT to move to the menu bar and type the
    letter that is underlined to open the menu.

To choose an item from a select menu, use the mouse to click on the item,
type the letter in the menu that is underlined or use the up and down
arrow keys until you reach the item you want and press Enter.

An ellipsis (...) after a menu command indicates that a dialog box will
appear when the command is chosen.  To move within a dialog box,

Mouse

    o  Click on the option or area you want to move to.

Keyboard

    o  Press the Tab key to move forward (generally from left to right
       and from top to bottom), or press Shift+Tab to move in the opposite
       direction.
       
    o  Or, while holding down the Alt key, type the letter that is
       underlined in the option name.

Refer to your Windows 3.1 documentation for additional information
about Windows options and dialog boxes.


Searching a CardFile

Highlight the CardFile you wish to search and press Enter or click on OK 
to open it.  

To search through the selected CardFile, select the Search button from the 
button bar, press the Space Bar, or select Enter from the Search menu.  The
Enter a Search dialog box is displayed.   Notice that all the unique words 
in the CardFile are listed in the Word Wheel.

Use the mouse to select words directly from the Word Wheel.  Or use the up 
and down arrow keys and press Enter to select a word.  Or simply type the
words and search for them.  You may use any of the Boolean operators 
(OR, AND, etc.) as search conditions.  A space between words is 
equivalent to AND.  Click on OK or press Enter to execute the search.

Upon executing the search, the program displays a Hit List, or list of 
all the Cards where the specified words occur.  The Cards are listed 
by their Short Displays, a one-line description about each Card.

Select one of the hits in the list (double-click with the mouse or 
highlight the Short Display and press Enter) to display the text in 
the Card.  

When the text is displayed, the Next Match and Previous Match buttons
become active.  Use these buttons or the F2 and Shift+F2 keys to jump to
the next and previous matches within a single Card.

Once a search is completed, the Next Hit and Previous Hit buttons become
active.  Use these buttons or the + and - keys to move to the next and
previous hit Card.  Click on the Hit List button or press the F10 key 
to display the Hit List again.

You may also choose to perform a phrase search (exact order of words) 
or a proximity search (words found in the same sentence or paragraph).


Links

Words displayed in various colors are Hypertext Links.  Links can be
associated with another word or phrase, an image, a video file, an
audio file, a Sticky Note, or even an external program.

The following are the colors for the links:

Word Link         Blue
Image Link        Red
Video Link        Pink
Audio Link        Pink
Sticky Note       Yellowish Brown
External Program  Light Blue

Click on the linked word or position the cursor on the linked word.  The
bottom help line will change to reflect the link type. Double-click with
the mouse or press Enter on a Link to access the word, image, or program
to which it is linked.


     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *     * * *


  These instructions are just a quick overview.   For more detailed
  instructions, see Chapter 4 - TextWare Lite For Windows Tutorial in User
  Manual in the Help Menu, or the complete user's manual (TWLITWIN.TWC) in
  the TWLITE subdirectory. 



                           PROJECT OVERVIEW

   Conversion of the information from the original folio to a computerized 
digital format was undertaken to facilitate the presentation and analysis of
earth-science data.  Digital maps can be displayed at any scale or 
projection, whereas a paper map has a fixed scale and projection.  However, 
most of the maps on this disc are not intended to be used at any scale more 
detailed than 1:500,000.  
   A geographic information system (GIS) allows combining and overlaying of 
layers for analysis of spatial relations not readily apparent in the 
standard paper publication.  Digital information on geology, geophysics, and
geochemistry can be combined to create useful derivative products.




                          HISTORY OF THE MAPS

   In 1986 and 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Dirección 
General de Geología, Minas e Hidrocarburos, and the Universidad de Costa 
Rica conducted a mineral-resource assessment of the Republic of Costa Rica. 
The results were published as a large 80- by 50-cm color folio (U.S.
Geological Survey and others, 1987).  The 75-page document consists of maps 
as well as descriptive and interpretive text in English and Spanish covering
physiographic, geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and mineral site themes
as well as a mineral-resource assessment.  The following maps are present in
the original folio:

   1) Physiographic base map at a scale of 1:500,000 with hypsography, 
           place names, and drainage.
   2) Geologic map at a scale of 1:500,000.
   3) Regional geophysical maps, including gravity, aeromagnetic, and 
           seismicity maps at various scales.
   4) Mineral sites map at a scale of 1:500,000 showing mines, prospects, 
           and occurrences.
   5) Volcanological framework of the Tilarán region important for 
           epithermal gold deposits at a scale of 1:100,000.
   6) Rock sample locations, mining areas, and vein locations for several 
           parts of the country.
   7) Permissive areas delineated for selected mineral deposit types.
   8) Digital elevation model.

   This CD-ROM contains most of the above maps; it lacks items 1 and 8 and 
the seismicity and aeromagnetic maps of item 3.  The linework was digitized 
from preliminary and printed maps with GSMAP (Selner and Taylor, 1987), a 
USGS-authored program for map editing and publishing.  Conversion from GSMAP
to ARC/INFO was accomplished through the use of the GSMARC program (Green 
and Selner, 1988).  The arcs and polygons were tagged using Alacarte 
(Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991).  



                              REFERENCES

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1990, ARC/INFO 5.0 user 
     manuals: Redlands, Calif.

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992, ArcView user's 
     guide: Redlands, Calif.

Green, G.N., and Selner, G.I., 1988, GSMARC--A program and procedure to 
     convert GSMAP data bases into ARC/INFO coverages; GSDARC, a 
     counterpart program for GSDRAW data bases and an ARC/INFO procedure 
     to topologically structure resultant data: U.S. Geological Survey 
     Open-File Report 88-430-A (16 p.) and B (a 5.25-inch diskette).

Schruben, P.G., Arndt, R.E., and Bawiec, W.J., 1994, Geology of the 
     conterminous United States at 1:2,500,000 scale--A digital 
     representation of the 1974 P.B. King and H.M. Beikman map: U.S. 
     Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-11, one CD-ROM.

Selner, G.I., and Taylor, R.B., 1987, GSDRAW and GSMAP version 4.0; 
     prototype programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers to 
     assist compilation and publication of geologic maps and 
     illustrations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-496-A 
     (documentation, 90 p.), B (executable 5.25-inch diskette), C 
     (source-code 5.25-inch diskette), and D (two executable utility 
     program diskettes, each 5.25 inches).

U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Digital line graphs from 1:24,000-scale 
     maps: U.S. Geological Survey US GeoData Data Users Guide 1, 109 p. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, Digital line graphs from 1:2,000,000-scale
     maps: U.S. Geological Survey US GeoData Data Users Guide 3, 71 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1989, Digital line graphs from 1:100,000-scale 
     maps: U.S. Geological Survey US GeoData Data Users Guide 2, 88 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, Dirección General de Geología, Minas e 
     Hidrocarburos, and the Universidad de Costa Rica, 1987, Mineral 
     resource assessment of the Republic of Costa Rica: U.S. Geological 
     Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1865, spiral bound, 
     75 p., scale 1:500,000.

Wentworth, C.M., and Fitzgibbon, T.T., 1991, Alacarte user manual, 
     version 1.0: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-587-C, 267 p.



                             MAP PROJECTION

   The map projection is not described in the original publication.  
However, the reference on the base map refers to U.S Defense Mapping Agency 
(DMA) Tactical Pilotage Charts for which the projection is Lambert conformal
conic with the following parameters:

   Sphere                               Clarke 1866 spheroid
   1st standard parallel                         9 20  0.000
   2nd standard parallel                        14 40  0.000
   central meridian                            -85  0  0.000
   latitude of projection's origin               0  0  0.000
   false easting (meters)                            0.00000
   false northing (meters)                           0.00000




                    CAUTIONS RELATING TO USE OF THE MAPS

   One of the advantages of digital maps is the ability to change the map 
scale.  However, the users of this disc should respect the intentions of the
authors and recognize certain limitations of digital maps.  The geology of 
Costa Rica and most other layers are intended to be used at a scale of 
1:500,000; they are not intended to be used at a more detailed scale.  Costa
Rica is about 34 inches long on its longest NW-SE axis at the published 
scale of the map.  The Tilarán region layers are intended to be used at a 
scale of 1:100,000 or smaller.
     Furthermore, the geologic map is primarily a bedrock map, which depicts
geologic materials present beneath the soil or a relatively thin mantle of 
surficial deposits, not necessarily the surficial material itself.



                           ONLINE ERRATA REPORTS

   If bugs and errors are found in the CD-ROM after release, a notice will 
be posted on the World Wide Web reached via the Internet.  The bug report 
can be viewed and retrieved with the freeware program Mosaic by linking to 
the following address:

   http://info.er.usgs.gov/reports/digital_data_series/

   Mosaic for DOS, Macintosh, and UNIX is available via anonymous ftp at:

   ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu

   The Costa Rica ARC/INFO Export files will also be available online at the
same address as the bug report shortly after the CD is published.



                        GRAPHICS FORMATS AVAILABLE

     The following formats are available on the CD-ROM:


1) U.S. Geological Survey map display (GIV) software for DOS computers.

   For DOS users, the CD-ROM contains MAPPER display software, a user-
friendly program that displays the interactive vector map, and VIEWLBL, 
which displays the raster image of the geologic map and performs spatial 
analysis.  MAPPER and VIEWLBL are part of the Geologic Information 
Visualization (GIV) software package by Russell A. Ambroziak.  The raster 
image is stored at 150-m resolution in the original Lambert conformal conic 
projection.  The DOS vector version is stored unprojected in decimal 
degrees.


2) ARC/INFO Export format.

   These coverages are used for spatial analysis, derivative products, and 
to-scale plots on the Versatec electrostatic plotter.  The format is 
compatible with Environmental Systems Research Institute's ARC/INFO Version 
6.1.2 or later.  The files are simple text and should be transmitted in 
ASCII mode.  


3) ArcView format.

   ArcView is an easy-to-use graphics display package by the authors of 
ARC/INFO.  It uses the same coverages and images as ARC/INFO.  This CD-ROM 
contains ArcView coverages for both UNIX and Microsoft Windows.  It also 
contains export files that can be copied to other Arc/View platforms and 
imported to ArcView.  The "view" file that stores the key to the maps was 
developed under ArcView 1.


4) U.S. Geological Survey Digital Line Graph (DLG) Optional format (U.S. 
Geological Survey, 1986, 1987, and 1989).

   The DLG format is a U.S. Geological Survey standard for storing 
topologically structured files.  It results in a compact ASCII file that is 
compatible with a variety of graphics software.  Only the geology layer was 
converted to this format.  It excludes the annotation.


5) Drawing Exchange File (DXF) format.

   DXF format is popular in computer-aided design (CAD) software.  Only the 
geology layer was converted to this format.  The polygons are not color-
filled but are labeled with text rock unit codes.



                       ARC/INFO EXPORT FILES

     The export files were created with the NONE compression option and 
MAXLINES = 15000 option to maintain compatibility with PC/ARC.  They should 
be transmitted as ASCII text files.  The 1040.GRA plot files are UNIX
binary.  To import the coverages, create the workspaces, copy the files from
the CD-ROM and run the IMPORT.AML in each directory.  As an example, the
commands for creating the workspaces in UNIX follow:

arc
cw domain
cw geochem
cw geol
cw gold
cw gravbo
cw gravis
cw mines
q
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/domain/* domain/.
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/geochem/* geochem/.
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/geol/* geol/.
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/gold/* gold/.
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/gravbo/* gravbo/.
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/gravis/* gravis/.
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/export/mines/* mines/.


                           EXPORT FILE ATTRIBUTES

EXPORT GEOLOGY POLYGONS:

The polygon attributes in the geology coverage (geol) consist of:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  GEOL#               4    5  B    -
   13  GEOL-ID             4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPEI              3    3  C    -        for sorting by age
   20  PTYPE               6    6  C    -        rock unit code name
   26  DESCRIPTION        50   50  C    -
      **  REDEFINED ITEMS  **
   17  PTYPES             59   59  C    -
   PTYPEI is a two-digit integer that can be used to sort the items by 
geologic age.  The third character in PTYPEI is a space for appearance in 
the legend.  PTYPES is a redefined item composed of PTYPEI, PTYPE, and 
DESCRIPTION.  It also sorts correctly by unit age.  The entire legend 
follows:

PTYPES
    1 Qs    Quaternary alluvial
    2 Qvp   Quaternary proximal facies volcanics
    3 Qvd   Quaternary distal facies volcanics
    4 QTvi  Quaternary and Pliocene ignimbrites
    5 QTvig Quaternary and Pliocene intergraben volcanics
    6 Tv    Tertiary volcanic
    7 Ti    Tertiary intrusive
    8 QTsc  Eocene to Quaternary volcaniclastic sedimentary
    9 TKss  Cretaceous to Pliocene shallow-water sedimentary
   10 TKsd  Cretaceous to Quaternary deep-water sedimentary
   11 Kp    Cretaceous(?) peridotite complex
   12 TJb   Jurassic to Eocene sea-floor basalts
   13 Water Water


   The following INFO lookup table is used to create solid color fill 
(COLOR) or black-and-white pattern fill (PATTERN) using VERSATEC.SHD and 
PLOTTER.SHD, respectively, in ARC/PLOT:

PTYPE.LUT
 $RECNO   PTYPE COLOR PATTERN DESCRIPTION
      1            0    0     blank
     15   Kp     219   33     Cretaceous(?) peridotite complex
     16   QTsc    95   33     Eocene to Quaternary volcaniclastic 
                                 sedimentary
     17   QTvi   249   93     Quaternary and Pliocene ignimbrites
     18   QTvig  127   37     Quaternary and Pliocene intergraben 
                                 volcanics
     19   Qs     131    5     Quaternary alluvial
     20   Qvd    136   65     Quaternary distal facies volcanics
     21   Qvp    254   53     Quaternary proximal facies volcanics
     22   TJb    220    9     Jurassic to Eocene sea-floor basalts
     23   TKsd   124   17     Cretaceous to Quaternary deep-water 
                                 sedimentary
     24   TKss   123   41     Cretaceous to Pliocene shallow-water 
                                 sedimentary
     25   Ti     192   77     Tertiary intrusive
     26   Tv     140   89     Tertiary volcanic
     27   Water   60    0     Water


EXPORT GEOLOGY ARCS:

   The Export geology arc attribute file is identical to the ArcView geology
arc attribute file described in "ArcView 1 Files" section.  The arcs are 
drawn in ARC/PLOT using the MYPD.LIN lineset and the following INFO lookup
tables:

GLINE.LUT
 $RECNO   GTYPE LINE EXPL
      1     1    25  contact
      2     2    27  edge of map
      3     3    25  black coastline

FLINE.LUT
 $RECNO   FTYPE LINE EXPL
      1     1     1  normal fault
      2     2     7  thrust
      3     3    40  caldera


EXPORT DEPOSIT DOMAINS POLYGONS:

   The EXPORT version of the deposit domains coverage (dom) differs in only 
one respect from the ArcView version.  The outer coastline and country 
boundary have not been dissolved and are tagged "blank".  The polygon 
attributes are plotted in ARC/PLOT with VERSATEC.SHD shadeset and the 
following portion of the PTYPE.LUT lookup table:

PTYPE.LUT
   PTYPE COLOR PATTERN DESCRIPTION
            0    0     blank
   A      219    0     Podiform chromite
   B      114    0     Volcanogenic manganese - Cyprus massive 
                          sulfide
   C       93    0     Volcanogenic manganese - Cyprus massive 
                          sulfide
   D        4    0     Sado epithermal vein
   E      128    0     Sado epithermal vein
   EF     165    0     Sado epithermal vein - Porphyry copper
   EG     107    0     Sado epithermal vein - Lateritic bauxite
   F      191    0     Porphyry copper
   G       61    0     Lateritic bauxite
   H       62    0     Lateritic bauxite
   I       63    0     Lateritic bauxite
   J      139    0     Placer gold
   K      249    0     Placer gold


EXPORT ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY:

   The following items constitute the point attribute table in the 
geochemistry (geochem) coverage (abbreviations in entries for each element: 
PCT, percent; PPM, parts per million; S, emission spectrograph analysis; AA,
atomic absorption analysis; INST, instrument; SI, specific ion electrode):

COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  
    1  AREA                   4    12     F      3  
    5  PERIMETER              4    12     F      3  
    9  ROCKS#                 4     5     B      -  
   13  ROCKS-ID               4     5     B      -  
   17  IDS                    3     3     I      -  
   20  SAMPLE                 8     8     C      -  
   28  FE-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   36  MG-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   44  CA-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   52  TI-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   60  MN-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   68  AG-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
   76  AS-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
   84  AU-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
   92  B-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  100  BA-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  108  BE-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  116  BI-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  124  CD-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  132  CO-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  140  CR-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  148  CU-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  156  LA-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  164  MO-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  172  NB-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  180  NI-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  188  PB-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  196  SB-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  204  SC-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  212  SN-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  220  SR-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  228  V-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  236  W-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  244  Y-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  252  ZN-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  260  ZR-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  268  AU-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  276  HG-PPM-INST            8     8     F      3  
  284  TE-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  292  AS-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  300  CU-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  308  PB-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  316  ZN-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  324  AG-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  332  CD-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  340  BI-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  348  SB-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  356  TL-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  364  F-PPM-SI               8     8     F      3  
  372  SE-PPM-INST            8     8     F      3  


EXPORT TILARAN GOLD-MINING-AREA POLYGONS:

   In addition to coverages for the entire country, there is another set of 
coverages for the Tilarán gold-mining region.  The polygon attribute table 
for the Tilarán gold-mining-area geology coverage (mage) follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  MAGE#               4    5  B    -
   13  MAGE-ID             4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPEI              3    3  C    -      for sorting by age
   20  PTYPE               6    6  C    -      rock unit code
   26  DESCRIPTION        80   80  C    -      
      **  REDEFINED ITEMS  **
   17  PTYPES             80   80  C    -

   As with the geology coverage, column PTYPES contains an integer for 
sorting by age, the rock unit code, and a description.  The rock units 
differ from the rock units in the geology for the entire country.  The 
entire legend follows:

PTYPES
 1 Qa    Alluvium
 2 Qm    Mass-movement deposits
 3 QTdf  Hornblende- and biotite-bearing dacite and rhyolite
          in the Miramar area
 4 QTvjd Andesite-dacite volcanic domes in the Juntas area
 5 QTvjt Andesite-dacite pyroclastic rocks and interlayered sediments
 6 QTmv  Monteverde Formation
 7 QTmvp Rhyolite ash-flow tuff in the Penas Blancas areas
 8 Tr    Rhyolite intrusions and related extrusions
 9 Trq   Rhyolite
10 Tig   Guacimal intrusion
11 Tva2  Aguacate Unit 2
12 Tva1  Aguacate Unit 1
13 water Water

   The arc attribute table for gold mining area fault coverage (maft) 
follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  FNODE#              4    5  B    -
    5  TNODE#              4    5  B    -
    9  LPOLY#              4    5  B    -
   13  RPOLY#              4    5  B    -
   17  LENGTH              4   12  F    3
   21  MAFT#               4    5  B    -
   25  MAFT-ID             4    5  B    -
   29  FTYPE               3    3  I    -
   32  DESCRIPTION        60   60  C    -

Statistics for Tilarán gold-mining-area fault coverage (maft) arc attribute 
table follow:

FTYPE  DESCRIPTION                  FREQUENCY       METERS
    1  fault or mass movement arrow     193        345,989
    4  dike                               7          5,807

  The ma.aml plot program uses the following MA.LUT lookup table for mage 
coverage and the Versatec shadeset to plot color fill.

MA.LUT
PTYPE COLOR PATTERN  DESCRIPTION
         0    0      blank
QTdf     4   65      Hornblende- and biotite-bearing dacite and rhyolite
                       in the Miramar area
QTmv   113   89      Monteverde Formation
QTmvp  116   77      Rhyolite ash-flow tuff in the Penas Blancas areas
QTvjd  136   93      Andesite-dacite volcanic domes in the Juntas region
QTvjt  139   37      Andesite-dacite pyroclastic rocks and interlayered 
                        sediments
Qa     127    5      Alluvium
Qm     128   53      Mass-movement deposits
Tig     93   77      Guacimal intrusion
Tr       3   77      Rhyolite intrusions and related extrusions
Trq    174   77      Rhyolite
Tva1    17   77      Aguacate Unit 1
Tva2    62   77      Aguacate Unit 2
water   60    0      water

   The ma.aml program uses the PTPL.LUT1X lookup table for maft coverage and
the myalcgeol.mrk markerset to plot bedding symbols and volcanic centers.

PTPL.LUT1X
$RECNO   PTTYPE                              SYMBOL
      5   bedding                                1
     30   volcanic center                       41


EXPORT BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY MAP:

   The polygon attribute table for the Bouguer gravity contour coverage 
(grav) follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  GRAV#               4    5  B    -
   13  GRAV-ID             4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPE               4    4  I    -

PTYPE contains the gravity reading in mGals.  All the values fall between 
-80 and 140.

EXPORT BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY ARCS:

   The arc attribute tables for Bouguer anomaly areas (grar), lineaments 
(grlin), and legend (grleg) follow:

COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC 
    1  FNODE#                 4     5     B      - 
    5  TNODE#                 4     5     B      - 
    9  LPOLY#                 4     5     B      - 
   13  RPOLY#                 4     5     B      - 
   17  LENGTH                 4    12     F      3 
   21  GRAR#                  4     5     B      - 
   25  GRAR-ID                4     5     B      - 
   29  LTYPE                 60    60     C      - 

   A listing of possible ltype's and their plotter.lin code follows:

LTYPE                                    CODE
gravity contour                             1
gravity lineament                           9
outline of areas dashed                    21
outline of areas with gravity control       5
outline of areas with no gravity control   17

   The Versatec plotter colors for the contour map follow:

GRAV.LUT
Record  PTYPE COLOR 
     1    -80  230  
     2    -70  228  
     3    -60  221  
     4    -50  238  
     5    -40  225  
     6    -30    2  
     7    -20   63  
     8    -10   61  
     9      0   60  
    10     10    7  
    11     20  110  
    12     30  124  
    13     40  121  
    14     50    4  
    15     60  136  
    16     70  139  
    17     80  140  
    18     90  190  
    19    100    3  
    20    110  161  
    21    120  162  
    22    130  186  
    23    999    0  


EXPORT ISOSTATIC GRAVITY ANOMALY MAP:

   The isostatic gravity coverages are very similar to the Bouguer gravity 
files.  However, there are no coverages for gravity lineaments and anomalous
area outlines.


EXPORT MINES, PROSPECTS, AND OCCURRENCES:

   The mines coverage contains 320 sites with the following attributes:

MINES.PAT
 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC 
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  MINES#              4    5  B    -
   13  MINES-ID            4    5  B    -
   17  CODE                3    3  I    -
   20  OVERPLOT            1    1  C    -
   21  RECNO               7    7  C    -
   28  SITE               46   46  C    -
   74  COMMOD             34   34  C    -
  108  DEP.TYPE           32   32  C    -
  140  MODEL              50   50  C    -
  190  MODEL.NO            6    6  C    -
  196  MINERALS           80   80  C    -
  276  HOST.ROCK          80   80  C    -
  356  ALTERATION         80   80  C    -
  436  DEP.COMMENTS       80   80  C    -

The deposit type lookup table contains the following items:
 $RECNO   DEP.TYPE                                       SYMBOL
      1   COPPER SKARN                                       67
      2   COPPER VEIN                                        66
      3   CYPRUS-TYPE MASSIVE SULFIDE                        65
      4   LATERITIC BAUXITE                                 236
      5   LATERITIC IRON                                    211
      6   NATIVE COPPER                                     203
      7   NATIVE SULFUR                                      72
      8   PLACER GOLD                                       234
      9   PLACER MAGNETITE                                   71
     10   PODIFORM CR                                       233
     11   POLYMETALLIC VEIN                                 235
     12   PORPHYRY CU                                       232
     13   SADO EPITHERMAL AU-AG VEIN                         70
     14   UNASSIGNED                                          1
     15   VOLCANOGENIC MN                                   202



                               DLG FILES

     The DLG format is a U.S. Geological Survey standard for storing 
topologically structured files.  It results in a compact ASCII file that is 
compatible with a variety of graphics software.  Only the geology layer was 
converted to this format.  It excludes the annotation.
     The Costa Rican geologic map and legend have been converted to Digital 
Line Graph (DLG) Optional format files.  The DLG files contain tagged 
polygons and arcs.  Annotation labels are not supported in the DLG format. 

The geology and legend are contained in the following files:

   fline.cma       fault line types
   geol.dlg        geology and faults in Lambert projection
   geoldd.dlg      geology and faults in decimal degrees
   geoleg.dlg      legend geology and faults in Lambert projection
   geolegdd.dlg    legend geology and faults in decimal degrees
   gline.cma       contact line types
   ptype.cma       rock unit codes, descriptions, colors for Versatec 
                      plotter 
   scale.dlg       scale bar in Lambert projection
   scaledd.dlg     scale bar in decimal degrees

   Although the conversion to ARC/INFO is more easily accomplished with the 
ARC/EXPORT files included elsewhere on this disc, the following instructions
for converting DLG files to ARC/INFO may be illustrative for converting DLG 
files to non-ARC/INFO platforms.  These methods for converting DLG files to 
ARC/INFO coverages have been adapted from ARC/INFO manuals (Environmental 
Systems Research Institute, 1990):

1) Copy the .dlg and .cma files from the CD-ROM.  For instance, from a UNIX 
prompt, type:

arc
cw costa.geol                             create arc/info workspace
q
cd costa.geol
cd info                                   put the .cma files in the INFO
                                             directory
cdrom in
cp /pdd/cdrom/datafiles/dlg/*.cma .
cd ..
cp /pdd/cdrom/software/dlg/*.dlg .        put the .dlg files in the 
                                            workspace
cdrom out

2) Launch ARC/INFO and create a lookup table for the rock unit codes:

ARC
INFO
ARC
DEFINE PTYPE.LUT
 ITEM NAME>PTYPE
 ITEM WIDTH>5
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>5
 ITEM TYPE>C
    6
 ITEM NAME>COLOR
 ITEM WIDTH>6
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>6
 ITEM TYPE>I
    10
 ITEM NAME>PATTERN
 ITEM WIDTH>3
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>3
 ITEM TYPE>I
    13
 ITEM NAME>DESCRIPTION
 ITEM WIDTH>50
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>50
 ITEM TYPE>C
    63
 ITEM NAME>MAJOR1
 ITEM WIDTH>6
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>6
 ITEM TYPE>I
 ITEM NAME> 
ADD FROM PTYPE.CMA

The geology polygon lookup table should look as follows:

    5 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION    1
 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
    1  PTYPE               5    5  C    -
    6  COLOR               4    4  I    -    SYMBOL
   10  PATTERN             3    3  I    -
   13  DESCRIPTION        50   50  C    -
   63  MAJOR1              6    6  I    -
REC PTYPE COLOR  PAT  DESCRIPTION                                   MAJOR1
15  Kp     219   33   Cretaceous(?) peridotite complex                  15
16  QTsc    95   33   Eocene to Quaternary volcaniclastic sedimentary   16
17  QTvi   249   93   Quaternary and Pliocene ignimbrites               17
18  QTvig  127   37   Quaternary and Pliocene intergraben volcanics     18
19  Qs     131    5   Quaternary alluvial                               19
20  Qvd    136   65   Quaternary distal facies volcanics                20
21  Qvp    254   53   Quaternary proximal facies volcanics              21
22  TJb    220    9   Jurassic to Eocene sea-floor basalts              22
23  TKsd   124   17   Cretaceous to Quaternary deep-water sedimentary   23
24  TKss   123   41   Cretaceous to Pliocene shallow-water sedimentary  24
25  Ti     192   77   Tertiary intrusive                                25
26  Tv     140   89   Tertiary volcanic                                 26
27  Water   60    0   Water                                             27


3) Create a lookup table for the faults and contacts

DEFINE FLINE.LUT
 ITEM NAME>MAJOR1
 ITEM WIDTH>6
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>6
 ITEM TYPE>I
    7
 ITEM NAME>FLINE
 ITEM WIDTH>3
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>3
 ITEM TYPE>I
    7
 ITEM NAME>FTEXT
 ITEM WIDTH>35
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>35
 ITEM TYPE>C
    13
 ITEM NAME>
ADD FROM FLINE.CMA       copy data from fline.cma into INFO table
DEFINE GLINE.LUT
 ITEM NAME>MINOR1
 ITEM WIDTH>6
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>6
 ITEM TYPE>I
    7
 ITEM NAME>GLINE
 ITEM WIDTH>3
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>3
 ITEM TYPE>I
    7
 ITEM NAME>GTEXT
 ITEM WIDTH>35
 ITEM OUTPUT WIDTH>35
 ITEM TYPE>C
    13
 ITEM NAME>
ADD FROM GLINE.CMA      copy data from fline.cma into INFO table
Q STOP
   

The fault and contact lookup tables should look as follows:

 DATAFILE NAME: FLINE.LUT
    3 ITEMS: STARTING IN POSITION    1
 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
    1  MAJOR1              6    6  I    -    FTYPE

    4  FLINE               3    3  I    -    SYMBOL
    7  FTEXT              35   35  C    -

 $RECNO  MAJOR1 FLINE FTEXT
      1     1      1  normal fault
      2     2      7  thrust
      3     3     40  caldera

 DATAFILE NAME: GLINE.LUT
 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
    1  MINOR1              6    6  I    -    GTYPE
    4  GLINE               3    3  I    -    SYMBOL
    7  GTEXT              35   35  C    -

 $RECNO  MINOR1 GLINE GTEXT
      1     1     25  contact
      2     2     27  edge of map
      3     3     25  coastline


4) The dlgarc command creates .pcode and .acode INFO files which are used to
link the .lut tables to the coverage.  Some of this linking may be automatic
in non-ARC/INFO conversions.  If not, the technique is to use the common -id
field to join .pcode and .acode to the coverage, then use major1 and minor1 
as the common fields to join ptype.lut, fline.lut, and gline.lut to the 
coverage.

Choose a dlg file to convert - Lambert (geol.dlg) or Decimal Degrees 
(geoldd.dlg).  The following example is for the Lambert coverages:

KILL GEOL ALL
DLGARC OPTIONAL GEOL.DLG GEOL

BUILD GEOL
BUILD GEOL LINE
/*   join the major1 item from GEOL.PCODE using the -id as key
JOINITEM GEOL.PAT GEOL.PCODE GEOL.PAT GEOL-ID GEOL-ID
/*   join the unit names, colors, and description from PTYPE.LUT using 
       MAJOR1 key
JOINITEM GEOL.PAT PTYPE.LUT GEOL.PAT MAJOR1 MAJOR1
/*   join major1 which contains the line type from GEOL.ACODE
JOINITEM GEOL.AAT GEOL.ACODE GEOL.AAT GEOL-ID GEOL-ID
/*   join major1 which contains the fault line type from GEOL.ACODE
JOINITEM GEOL.AAT FLINE.LUT GEOL.AAT MAJOR1 MAJOR1 
/*   join minor1 which contains the contact line type from GEOL.ACODE
JOINITEM GEOL.AAT GLINE.LUT GEOL.AAT MINOR1 MINOR1 

5) Import the legend and scale bar.

KILL GEOLEG ALL
DLGARC OPTIONAL GEOLEG.DLG GEOLEG
BUILD GEOLEG
BUILD GEOLEG LINE
/*   join the major1 item from GEOLEG.PCODE using the -id as key
JOINITEM GEOLEG.PAT GEOLEG.PCODE GEOLEG.PAT GEOLEG-ID GEOLEG-ID
/*   join the unit names, colors, and description from PTYPE.LUT using 
       MAJOR1 key
JOINITEM GEOLEG.PAT PTYPE.LUT GEOLEG.PAT MAJOR1 MAJOR1
/*   join major1 which contains the line type from GEOLEG.ACODE
JOINITEM GEOLEG.AAT GEOLEG.ACODE GEOLEG.AAT GEOLEG-ID GEOLEG-ID
/*   join major1 which contains the fault line type from GEOLEG.ACODE
JOINITEM GEOLEG.AAT FLINE.LUT GEOLEG.AAT MAJOR1 MAJOR1 
/*   join minor1 which contains the contact line type from GEOLEG.ACODE
JOINITEM GEOLEG.AAT GLINE.LUT GEOLEG.AAT MINOR1 MINOR1 
KILL SCALE ALL
DLGARC OPTIONAL SCALE.DLG SCALE



                                  DXF FILES

   The geology, faults, and legend of the Costa Rica folio are stored in 
Drawing Exchange File (DXF) format, which is a standard graphical file 
format in computer-aided design (CAD) systems.  The rock unit polygons have 
rock unit label text but not color fill.  The map units are in decimal 
degrees.   The geologic map is contained in the following files:

datafile      directory containing data files
  dxf             directory containing DXF files
    faults.dxf      fault arcs
    geol.dxf        geology polygons, labels
    geolanno.dxf    rock unit annotation and leaders
    geoleg.dxf      legend polygons, labels, annotation, and lines
    scale.dxf       scale bar and annotation


Attributes for faults.dxf arcs:

DXF-COLOR   DXF-LAYER
1           NORMAL
2           THRUST
3           CALDERA


Attributes for geol.dxf arcs:

DXF-COLOR   DXF-LAYER
0           CONTACT
1           COUNTRY
2           WATER


Attributes for geol.dxf polygon text:

DXF-TEXT
Qs   
Qvp  
Qvd  
QTvi 
QTvig
Tv   
Ti   
QTsc 
TKss 
TKsd 
Kp   
TJb  
Water


   The arc colors listed above are inappropriate for a geologic map but are 
unique and modifiable.  Each type of arc is a separate layer.  The polygon 
labels and annotation text are also in separate layers.


                       CONVERSION TO ARC/INFO

   Although the conversion from text files to ARC/INFO is more easily 
accomplished with ARC/EXPORT files, which are included elsewhere on this 
disc, the following instructions for converting DXF files to ARC/INFO may be
illustrative for those converting DXF files to non-ARC/INFO platforms:

                              GEOLOGY
arc
cw dxf
q
...assuming the CD-ROM drive is /pdd
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/dxf/* dxf/.
cd dxf
arc
kill geol all
   Make sure to erase old .ACODE and .XCODE files if any
INFO
ARC
SEL GEOL.ACODE
ERASE GEOL.ACODE
Y
SEL GEOL.XCODE
ERASE GEOL.XCODE
Y
Q STOP
dxfarc ../dxf/geol.dxf geol 59
$REST
y
build geol
build geol line
joinitem geol.pat geol.xcode geol.pat geol-id geol-id
joinitem geol.aat geol.acode geol.aat geol-id geol-id


                        GEOLOGY ANNOTATION
kill geolanno
   Make sure to erase old .ACODE and .XCODE files if any.
INFO
ARC
SEL GEOLANNO.ACODE
ERASE GEOLANNO.ACODE
Y
SEL GEOLANNO.XCODE
ERASE GEOLANNO.XCODE
Y
Q STOP
dxfarc ../dxf/geolanno.dxf geolanno
$REST
y
build geolanno line
build geolanno point
joinitem geolanno.pat geolanno.xcode geolanno.pat geolanno-id geolanno-id
joinitem geolanno.aat geolanno.acode geolanno.aat geolanno-id geolanno-id

                               LEGEND 
kill geoleg
   Make sure to erase old .ACODE and .XCODE files if any.
INFO
ARC
SEL GEOLEG.ACODE
ERASE GEOLEG.ACODE
Y
SEL GEOLEG.XCODE
ERASE GEOLEG.XCODE
Y
Q STOP
dxfarc ../dxf/geoleg.dxf geoleg 59
$REST
y
build geoleg
build geoleg line
joinitem geoleg.pat geoleg.xcode geoleg.pat geoleg-id geoleg-id
joinitem geoleg.aat geoleg.acode geoleg.aat geoleg-id geoleg-id


                                 SCALE BAR
kill SCALE
   Make sure to erase old .ACODE and .XCODE files if any.
INFO
ARC
SEL SCALE.ACODE
ERASE SCALE.ACODE
Y
SEL SCALE.XCODE
ERASE SCALE.XCODE
Y
Q STOP
dxfarc ../dxf/scale.dxf scale 80
$REST
y
build scale line
build scale point
joinitem scale.pat scale.xcode scale.pat scale-id scale-id
joinitem scale.aat scale.acode scale.aat scale-id scale-id


   ARCDXF supports annotation by converting to point text.  So the geolanno,
geoleg, and scale coverages contain point text instead of the original 
annotation.  To convert point labels to annotation, type the following:

arc
ap
mape geol
textsize .04
textset font
annocoverage geolanno 
pointtext geolanno dxf-text
textsize .04
textset font
annocoverage geoleg 
pointtext geoleg dxf-text
textsize .04
textset font
annocoverage scale 
pointtext scale dxf-text
q



                                  ARCVIEW 1

   The CD-ROM includes coverages that can be displayed with ArcView 1 
(Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992).  ArcView is an easy-
to-use graphics display package by the authors of ARC/INFO.  ArcView 
displays the same coverages and images as ARC/INFO.  ArcView 1 is available 
for both UNIX and Microsoft Windows computers.  This CD-ROM contains ArcView
for Windows programs but not ArcView for UNIX programs.  It does, however, 
contain coverages and views for both types of computers. 
   See "Installing ArcView1 Program and Coverages for Windows" (the next 
card)
for instructions on installing and launching ArcView 1.




       INSTALLING ARCVIEW 1 PROGRAM AND COVERAGES FOR WINDOWS 

     This section contains instructions for installing and launching 
ArcView 1 for Windows and launching instructions for ArcView 1 for UNIX.  

Installation instructions for ArcView 1 for Microsoft Windows:

1) Please observe the following system requirements:

   80386 or better CPU
   Math coprocessor recommended
   Windows 3.0 or higher
   4 Mb of RAM, 8 strongly recommended
   15 Mb of disk space
   Super VGA graphics system, 256 colors, 640x480 pixels minimum, 1024x768 
      pixels strongly recommended
   Microsoft compatible mouse
   Windows-supported printer

2) Decide where you are going to put ArcView 1 on your hard drive.  You must
have 15 Mb of hard disk space.

3) Launch Windows.  Launch the File Manager.  Use the File Manager to find 
the CD-ROM drive and the \DDS19\ARCVIEW directory.  Double-click on 
ARCVIEW.EXE.  This starts the self-installing procedure.  At the licensing 
agreement document select the File menu, Exit.  ARCVIEW asks for a hard disk 
drive letter designation and a directory name to store the program.  The 
default is \ARCVIEW1.

4) When the install finishes, ArcView will tell you to examine SETUP.TXT and
use it to modify AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS.  Exit from Windows and use the
following instructions modified from SETUP.TXT.  

Add the following environment variables to the C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

    set AVHOME=c:\arcview1         (or wherever you decide to put it)
    set PATH=%PATH%;%AVHOME%\bin   (Add Arcview1's bin directory
                                   to the path )    
    set HOME=c:\arcview1           (or wherever you decide to put it)
    set TEMP=c:\temp               (Make sure the directory
                                   exists.  A RAM disk works the
                                   best, i.e, TEMP=d:\.  This
                                   variable should already be
                                   present if Windows has been 
                                   installed.)

Add the following line to the C:\CONFIG.SYS file:

    FILES=65

Rename the original lineset.  Copy the custom lineset from the DDS-19 CD-
ROM.

    CD C:\ARCVIEW1\SYMBOLS
    REN AV.LIN AV_ORIG.LIN
    COPY D:\DDS19\DATAFILE\AVPCCOV\AV.LIN

5) Launch Windows.  Launch the File Manager again and copy the 
DDS19\DATAFILE\AVPCCOV directory to your hard disk.  This step is optional 
but ArcView runs very slowly if the coverages are located on the CD-ROM.

Double-click on the ArcView icon.  Navigate the drive and directory menus to
D:\DDS19\DATAFILE.  Double-click on the COSTA.AV view.  ArcView will
ask to search for the GEOL coverage.  Select "Yes".  Navigate to the AVPCCOV 
folder and double-click on the GEOL file.  The ArcView Teacher will 
automatically find the full path to the rest of the coverages and launch the 
view.  Select the "File" menu, "Save As".  Save the view  so the next time 
you launch it, the path will be remembered.  



           INSTALLING ARCVIEW 1 EXPORT FILES AND COVERAGES FOR UNIX

     Insert the disc in the CD-ROM drive.  Some UNIX computers require a 
mount command such as "cdrom in cdrom".  The ArcView coverages are available
in two formats - as raw coverages and as export files.  

Importing raw UNIX coverages:

   The raw coverages are in tar format.  If the cdrom is directory /pdd, un-
tar with the command:

   tar xvf  /pdd/dds19/datafile/avuxcov.tar

Importing ArcView Export files:

   The ArcView export files are in directory /dds19/datafile/avexport.
As an example, if the cdrom is directory /pdd, the commands for importing to
UNIX follow:

arc
cw avexport
q
cd avexport
cp /pdd/dds19/datafile/avexport/* .
arc
&r import

   For both raw coverages and export files, copy the lineset AV.LIN to your 
home directory, which is usually your login area.
   Ask your system manager how to launch ArcView 1 on your system.  It may 
involve inserting the following commands in your .cshrc file:

   # s1 sets up ArcView1, s2 sets up ArcView 2
   # av1 launches ArcView 1, arcview launches ArcView 2
   alias s1 'setenv AVHOME /esri60/arcview'
   alias av1 '/esri60/arcview/bin/arcview'
   alias s2 'setenv AVHOME /esri70/arcview'

   Launch ArcView 1, select the "File" menu, "Open".  Navigate the "Open" 
dialog to the CD-ROM directory "cdrom/dds19/datafile/avuxcov".  Double-click
on the "costa.av" view.  ArcView asks if you want to search for the "geol" 
coverage.  Select "Yes".  Double-click on the "geol" file.  The ArcView 
Teacher will automatically find the full path to the rest of the coverages 
and launch the view.  Select the "File" menu, "Save As".  Save the view  so 
the next time you launch it, the path will be remembered.  



                             USING ARCVIEW 1

   The CD-ROM includes coverages that can be displayed with ArcView 1 
(Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., 1992).  ArcView is an easy-
to-use graphics display package by the authors of ARC/INFO.  ArcView 
displays the same coverages and images as ARC/INFO.  ArcView 1 is available 
for both UNIX and Microsoft Windows computers.  This CD-ROM contains ArcView 
for Windows programs but not ArcView for UNIX programs.  It does, however, 
contain coverages and views for both types of computers. 
   See "Installing ArcView" for instructions on installing and launching 
ArcView 1.  After ArcView is launched, the Table of Contents or map key 
appears on the left and the map on the right.  ArcView has a time-saving 
feature called interruptible re-draw.  This means that the tools, menu 
items, and themes in the Table of Contents are selectable even while ArcView 
is re-drawing the map.  A mouse-click or mouse-drag will interrupt the 
drawing and take effect within a few seconds.  There is no need to wait for 
complicated maps to finish drawing if you already know what you want to do 
next.
   The initial width of the Table of Contents is too narrow to see all the 
text in the key.  The width can be increased by dragging on the edge of the 
table with the mouse.  Increasing the width of the Table of Contents causes 
it to overlap the map, but the map can be brought to the foreground by 
clicking on its title bar or edge.
   The individual layers (data themes) in the Table of Contents are turned 
on and off in the display by selecting the checkboxes along the left side of 
the map key.  Legends below individual themes can be turned on and off by 
dragging on the triangle on the right side of the key.  Colors of points, 
lines, and polygon fill can be changed by double-clicking a theme, selecting 
the legend checkbox in the Properties dialog, then double-clicking on the 
color.
   Zooming in and out are accomplished in many ways in ArcView.  One way is 
to single-click on the items in the Table of Contents so they appear 
slightly raised.  Single-click again to de-select them.  Choose just the 
items you want to zoom to, then select the "fit-selected-features-to-window" 
icon, which is the second icon from the left in the map window.  It looks 
like a down arrow over a stack of paper.  Select the "GRID" theme to zoom 
out to the full extent of the view.
   Another way to zoom in is with the "zoom-to-a-box" tool on the tool 
palette.  The tool palette can be brought to the foreground with the 
"Windows" menu, "Tools..." item.  Just select the dashed-line-box tool, 
which is the second from the bottom on the left, then drag in a diagonal 
movement across the area you wish to zoom to.
   If you view the "Geology annotation" theme, be sure to turn on the 
"Geology annotation leaders" as well.  Otherwise some unit names appear to 
float in the wrong unit.
   The order of layers in the Table of Contents is critical.  All layers are 
opaque, and the color-fill polygons obscure everything beneath them.  For 
this reason, color-fill themes are positioned lowest on the key and 
duplicated as non-filled versions higher up in the key.  For instance, 
"Geology, solid color fill" is low in the Table of Contents because it 
obscures everything beneath it.  There is also a non-filled version called 
"Geology, outlines only" higher up in the key.  Should it be necessary to 
change the order of items in the Table of Contents, they can be dragged to a 
new position with the mouse.
   To create hard copy of the ArcView 1 graphics screen, select the camera 
icon on the main display screen.  This creates an encapsulated PostScript 
(EPS) file of the display image, which can be printed with standard 
commercial graphics software.



                            ARCVIEW FILES

arcview        directory containing ArcView 1 program and accessories
datafile       directory containing the ARC/INFO, DLG, and DXF files
  avexport         directory containing ArcView 1 export coverages
      avlin.e00    lineset to be copied to the ARC HOME directory
      country.e00  surrounding countries & water with color fill
      domdis.e00   domains for selected deposit types
      geol.exx     set of files containing geology and faults
      geolanno.e00 geologic rock unit codes, names, and leaders
      geoleg.e00   geology legend
      grar.e00     Bouguer gravity anomalous areas and names
      grav.e00     Bouguer gravity contours
      gravis.e00   isostatic gravity contours
      grid.e00     latitude/longitude grid with numbers
      grlin.e00    gravity lineaments and cross section line
      import.aml   ARC program script for importing all coverages
      maalt.e00    Tilarán gold-mining-area hydrothermal alteration
      maft.e00     Tilarán gold-mining-area faults
      mage.e00     Tilarán gold-mining-area geology, outlines
      mapt.e00     Tilarán gold-mining-area mines and veins
      mines.e00    mineral deposits, prospects, and occurrences
      rocks.e00    rock geochemistry sample points
      scale.e00    1:500,000 scale bar with annotation
  avpccov        directory containing DOS/Windows ArcView 1 coverages
      av.lin       lineset to be copied to the ARC HOME directory
      costa.av     ArcView view file containing map key
      country      surrounding countries & water with color fill
      domdis       domains for selected deposit types
      geol         geology and faults
      geolanno     geologic rock unit codes, names, and leaders
      geoleg       geology legend
      grar         Bouguer gravity anomalous areas and names
      grav         Bouguer gravity contours
      gravis       isostatic gravity contours
      grid         latitude/longitude grid with numbers
      grlin        gravity lineaments and cross section line
      maalt        Tilarán gold-mining-area hydrothermal alteration
      maft         Tilarán gold-mining-area faults
      mage         Tilarán gold-mining-area geology, outlines
      mapt         Tilarán gold-mining-area mines and veins
      mines        mineral deposits, prospects, and occurrences
      rocks        rock geochemistry sample points
      scale        1:500,000 scale bar with annotation
  avuxcov.tar    file containing UNIX ArcView 1 coverages, same contents as 
                   avpccov


                        ARCVIEW FILE ATTRIBUTES

   The following table is sorted in ArcView key order:

ArcView key name                                            coverage name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coastline, Country Boundary                                     geol
Mines by Deposit Type                                           mines
Mine Names                                                      mines
Mines by Model Name                                             mines
Mines by Commodity                                              mines
Deposit Type Domains, solid color fill                          domdis
Deposit Type Domains, translucent pattern fill                  domdis
Faults                                                          geol
Bouger Gravity Lineaments, names                                grlin
Bouger Gravity Lineaments                                       grlin
Bouger Gravity Anomaly areas, names                             grar
Bouger Gravity Anomaly areas, outlines                          grar
Bouger Gravity Contours, solid color fill                       grav
Isostatic Gravity Contours, solid color fill                    gravis
Geology, annotation                                             geolanno
Geology, annotation leaders                                     geolanno
Geology, outlines only                                          geol
Geology, solid color fill                                       geol
Rock Geochemistry                                               rocks
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Mines, points                          mapt
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Mines, names                           mapt
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Veins                                  mapt
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Faults                                 maft
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Hydrothermal Alteration, pattern fill  maalt
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Hydrothermal Alteration, outlines      maalt
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Geology, outlines                      mage
Tilarán Gold-Mining-Area Geology, solid color fill              mage
Surrounding area annotation text                                country
Surrounding countries, oceans                                   country


ARCVIEW GEOLOGY POLYGONS:

The polygon attributes in the ArcView geology coverage (geol) consist of:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  GEOL#               4    5  B    -
   13  GEOL-ID             4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPEI              3    3  C    -        for sorting by age
   20  PTYPE               6    6  C    -        rock unit code name
   26  DESCRIPTION        50   50  C    -
      **  REDEFINED ITEMS  **
   17  PTYPES             59   59  C    -

   PTYPEI is a two-digit integer that sorts the items by geologic age.  The 
third character in PTYPEI is a space for appearance in the legend.  PTYPES 
is a redefined item composed of PTYPEI, PTYPE, and DESCRIPTION.  It also 
sorts correctly by unit age.  The entire legend follows:

PTYPES
    1 Qs    Quaternary alluvial
    2 Qvp   Quaternary proximal facies volcanics
    3 Qvd   Quaternary distal facies volcanics
    4 QTvi  Quaternary and Pliocene ignimbrites
    5 QTvig Quaternary and Pliocene intergraben volcanics
    6 Tv    Tertiary volcanic
    7 Ti    Tertiary intrusive
    8 QTsc  Eocene to Quaternary volcaniclastic sedimentary
    9 TKss  Cretaceous to Pliocene shallow-water sedimentary
   10 TKsd  Cretaceous to Quaternary deep-water sedimentary
   11 Kp    Cretaceous(?) peridotite complex
   12 TJb   Jurassic to Eocene sea-floor basalts
   13 Water Water


ARCVIEW GEOLOGY ARCS:

   The following arc attribute table describes the faults and contacts:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
    1  FNODE#              4    5  B    -
    5  TNODE#              4    5  B    -
    9  LPOLY#              4    5  B    -
   13  RPOLY#              4    5  B    -
   17  LENGTH              4   12  F    3
   21  GEOL#               4    5  B    -
   25  GEOL-ID             4    5  B    -
   29  FTYPE               3    3  I    -    F
   32  FTEXT              20   20  C    -
   52  GTYPE               3    3  I    -    G
   55  GTEXT              20   20  C    -

   The statistics for GTEXT (contacts) and FTEXT (faults) follow:

GTYPE   GTEXT                FREQUENCY   LENGTH METERS
    0                          755       2,541,567
    1   contact              1,839      10,514,177
    2   end of mapping          97         571,471
    3   water                  403       1,984,264

FTYPE   FTEXT                FREQUENCY   LENGTH METERS
    0                        2,091      12,465,286
    3   caldera                  1          21,870
    1   normal                 943       2,755,077
    2   thrust                  59         369,246


ARCVIEW DEPOSIT DOMAIN POLYGONS:

   The deposit domains (domdis) coverage has an outer coastline and country 
boundary, but the coastline has been opened to eliminate its polygon 
topology to disable polygon fill in ArcView.  The blank label has been 
dissolved away, hence the "dis" suffix in  the "domdis" coverage name.  The 
polygon attributes are as follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC  ALTERNATE NAME
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  DOM#                4    5  B    -
   13  DOM-ID              4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPE               3    3  C    -
   20  DESCRIPTION        50   50  C    -
      **  REDEFINED ITEMS  **
   17  PTYPES             53   53  C    -
   The following statistics are for deposit domains:

                                                               SQUARE 
PTYPES                                           FREQUENCY   KILOMETERS
A  Podiform chromite                                   1         271
B  Volcanogenic manganese - Cyprus massive sulfide     2        1504
C  Volcanogenic manganese - Cyprus massive sulfide    10        1400
D  Sado epithermal vein                                2        1660
E  Sado epithermal vein                                1        1717
EF Sado epithermal vein - Porphyry copper              1          43
EG Sado epithermal vein - Lateritic bauxite            1         3.6
F  Porphyry copper                                     1        2898
G  Lateritic bauxite                                   1         519
H  Lateritic bauxite                                   1         593
I  Lateritic bauxite                                   1         308
J  Placer gold                                         2        1684
K  Placer gold                                         1         529

   The letter designations A-K refer to resource assessment tracts described
in the original folio I-1865.  A copy of the text descriptions is reproduced
on this disc in FOLIO.DOC.  EF and EG areas signify overlapping deposit 
types E, F, and G.  


ARCVIEW ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY:

   The following items constitute the point attribute table in the 
geochemistry (geochem) coverage (abbreviations in entries for each element: 
PCT, percent; PPM, parts per million; S, emission spectrograph analysis; AA,
atomic absorption analysis; INST, instrument; SI, specific ion electrode):

COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC  
    1  AREA                   4    12     F      3  
    5  PERIMETER              4    12     F      3  
    9  ROCKS#                 4     5     B      -  
   13  ROCKS-ID               4     5     B      -  
   17  IDS                    3     3     I      -  
   20  SAMPLE                 8     8     C      -  
   28  FE-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   36  MG-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   44  CA-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   52  TI-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   60  MN-PCT-S               8     8     F      3  
   68  AG-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
   76  AS-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
   84  AU-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
   92  B-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  100  BA-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  108  BE-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  116  BI-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  124  CD-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  132  CO-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  140  CR-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  148  CU-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  156  LA-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  164  MO-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  172  NB-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  180  NI-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  188  PB-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  196  SB-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  204  SC-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  212  SN-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  220  SR-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  228  V-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  236  W-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  244  Y-PPM-S                8     8     F      3  
  252  ZN-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  260  ZR-PPM-S               8     8     F      3  
  268  AU-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  276  HG-PPM-INST            8     8     F      3  
  284  TE-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  292  AS-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  300  CU-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  308  PB-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  316  ZN-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  324  AG-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  332  CD-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  340  BI-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  348  SB-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  356  TL-PPM-AA              8     8     F      3  
  364  F-PPM-SI               8     8     F      3  
  372  SE-PPM-INST            8     8     F      3  


ARCVIEW TILARAN-GOLD-MINING-AREA POLYGONS:

   In addition to the coverages for the entire country, there is another set
of coverages for the Tilarán gold-mining region.  The polygon attribute 
table for gold-mining-area geology coverage (mage) follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  MAGE#               4    5  B    -
   13  MAGE-ID             4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPEI              3    3  C    -      for sorting by age
   20  PTYPE               6    6  C    -      rock unit code
   26  DESCRIPTION        80   80  C    -      
      **  REDEFINED ITEMS  **
   17  PTYPES             80   80  C    -

   As with the geology coverage, column PTYPES contains an integer for 
sorting by age, the rock unit code, and a description.  The rock units 
differ from the rock units in the geology for the entire country.  The 
entire legend follows:

PTYPES
 1 Qa    Alluvium
 2 Qm    Mass-movement deposits
 3 QTdf  Hornblende- and biotite-bearing dacite and rhyolite 
           in the Miramar area
 4 QTvjd Andesite-dacite volcanic domes in the Juntas area
 5 QTvjt Andesite-dacite pyroclastic rocks and interlayered sediments
 6 QTmv  Monteverde Formation
 7 QTmvp Rhyolite ash-flow tuff in the Penas Blancas areas
 8 Tr    Rhyolite intrusions and related extrusions
 9 Trq   Rhyolite
10 Tig   Guacimal intrusion
11 Tva2  Aguacate Unit 2
12 Tva1  Aguacate Unit 1
13 water

   The arc attribute table for Tilarán gold-mining-area fault coverage 
(maft) follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  FNODE#              4    5  B    -
    5  TNODE#              4    5  B    -
    9  LPOLY#              4    5  B    -
   13  RPOLY#              4    5  B    -
   17  LENGTH              4   12  F    3
   21  MAFT#               4    5  B    -
   25  MAFT-ID             4    5  B    -
   29  FTYPE               3    3  I    -
   32  DESCRIPTION        60   60  C    -

Statistics for Tilarán gold-mining-area fault coverage (maft) arc attribute 
table follow:

FTYPE  DESCRIPTION                   FREQUENCY   LENGTH METERS
    1  fault or mass movement arrow     193        345,989
    4  dike                               7          5,807


ARCVIEW BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY POLYGONS:

   The polygon attribute table for the Bouguer gravity contour coverage 
(grav) follows:

 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  GRAV#               4    5  B    -
   13  GRAV-ID             4    5  B    -
   17  PTYPE               4    4  I    -

PTYPE contains the gravity reading in mGals.  All the values fall between 
-80 and 140.

ARCVIEW BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALY ARCS:

   The arc attribute tables for Bouguer anomaly areas (grar), lineaments 
(grlin), and legend (grleg) follow:

COLUMN   ITEM NAME        WIDTH OUTPUT  TYPE N.DEC 
    1  FNODE#                 4     5     B      - 
    5  TNODE#                 4     5     B      - 
    9  LPOLY#                 4     5     B      - 
   13  RPOLY#                 4     5     B      - 
   17  LENGTH                 4    12     F      3 
   21  GRAR#                  4     5     B      - 
   25  GRAR-ID                4     5     B      - 
   29  LTYPE                 60    60     C      - 

   A listing of possible ltype's follows:

LTYPE                                   
gravity contour                         
gravity lineament                       
outline of areas dashed                 
outline of areas with gravity control   
outline of areas with no gravity control


ARCVIEW ISOSTATIC GRAVITY:

   The isostatic gravity coverages are very similar to the Bouguer gravity 
files.  However, there are no coverages for gravity lineaments and anomalous
area outlines.


ARCVIEW MINES, PROSPECTS, AND OCCURRENCES:

   The mines coverage contains 320 sites with the following attributes:

MINES.PAT
 COL  ITEM NAME         WDTH OPUT TYP N.DEC 
    1  AREA                4   12  F    3
    5  PERIMETER           4   12  F    3
    9  MINES#              4    5  B    -
   13  MINES-ID            4    5  B    -
   17  CODE                3    3  I    -
   20  OVERPLOT            1    1  C    -
   21  RECNO               7    7  C    -
   28  SITE               46   46  C    -
   74  COMMOD             34   34  C    -
  108  DEP.TYPE           32   32  C    -
  140  MODEL              50   50  C    -
  190  MODEL.NO            6    6  C    -
  196  MINERALS           80   80  C    -
  276  HOST.ROCK          80   80  C    -
  356  ALTERATION         80   80  C    -
  436  DEP.COMMENTS       80   80  C    -

The deposit type lookup table contains the following items:

 $RECNO   DEP.TYPE                                         SYMBOL
      1   COPPER SKARN                                       67
      2   COPPER VEIN                                        66
      3   CYPRUS-TYPE MASSIVE SULFIDE                        65
      4   LATERITIC BAUXITE                                 236
      5   LATERITIC IRON                                    211
      6   NATIVE COPPER                                     203
      7   NATIVE SULFUR                                      72
      8   PLACER GOLD                                       234
      9   PLACER MAGNETITE                                   71
     10   PODIFORM CR                                       233
     11   POLYMETALLIC VEIN                                 235
     12   PORPHYRY CU                                       232
     13   SADO EPITHERMAL AU-AG VEIN                         70
     14   UNASSIGNED                                          1
     15   VOLCANOGENIC MN                                   202



                         GIV PROGRAMS ON THIS DISC
                        (only for use on DOS sytems)


DEFAULT.EXE:   Sets the default mode for graphics display and the order in
               which graphics drivers are checked.

      ------------------------------------------------------------
      ID  Width Height Colors  Description
      --- ----- ------ ------ ------------------------------------
      B    1024   768   256   Extended VGA 
      A     800   600   256   Extended VGA 
      X     640   480   256   Extended VGA -- Standard 
      Y     640   400   256   Extended VGA low memory 
      V     640   480    16   Standard VGA high spatial resolution 
      S     320   200   256   Standard VGA high color resolution 
      E     640   350    16   Standard EGA 


MAPPER.EXE:    Displays vector-based map files (ASCII .MAP file).  Creates
               image .XMP files (if running in extended VGA; .VMP if running
               in VGA etc.), MAPPER.MRK files, and ASCII .LAB files.


RASTMAP.EXE:   Makes raster-based map files for printing and map keys and
               for analysis of map data.  Reads a .PMP (Paper MaP) file
               describing the map and the lines, symbols and text to be
               plotted on the map and creates, edits and prepares for
               printing maps and keys.

RASTMAPA.EXE:  Finds areas of polygons in raster-based images.  Creates an
               .ARE file.

RASTMAPE.EXE:  Edits raster print image file.

RASTMAPF.EXE:  Creates the final raster image print file.

RASTMAPK.EXE:  Creates a key of the mapped units in the raster image print
               file.

RASTMAPM.EXE:  Makes a raster print image base file.

RASTMAPP.EXE:  Makes an .PMP control file from the .MAP control file.
     
RASTMAPS.EXE:  Determines the pixel size for the desired scale of the print
               image.

RESET:         Boots the Video Board and turns it off.  Used if a program
               accidently exits without returning to text mode.

VIEWLBL.EXE:   A simple raster image display program. Information displayed
               on the screen can be saved as .PCX (by pressing F4) or .GIF
               (by pressing F5) files.



                           USING MAPPER

Typing RUNMAPR at the DOS prompt in the \GIV subdirectory will start the
MAPPER display software.  If you see the error message, "Could not boot the
board," then, either the video card is configured for a setting other than
640 by 480 pixels by 256 colors, or your video card may not be supported by
the graphics subcode.

The first choice, DOM_NAME.XMP, appears on a separate screen.  It is a pre-
drawn view of the DOMAIN.MAP map.  It shows the tract names without clicking
on the polygons.  To view it, press .  To proceed to the other 
interactive maps, press .

There are four other interactive maps:
   DOMAIN.MAP      Permissive tracts for mineral deposits in Costa Rica
   GEOLOGY.MAP     Geology, faults, mineral deposits of Costa Rica
   GOLDAREA.MAP    Geology of Tilarán gold-mining area
   GRAV_BO.MAP     Bouguer gravity map of Costa Rica

To draw a latitude and longitude grid, select the Draw menu, Graticule.  To 
display the map key, select the Analyze menu, Key menu, Large.  To flash all
instances of a given unit on the map, Select the Color menu, Flash; then 
click on a color in the key or the map.


DOMAIN.MAP and GRAV_BO.MAP

These files display permissive tracts and gravity contours for Costa Rica. 

To display the geology arcs on top of these maps, select the Analyze menu, 
Plot menu, Lines, geology.


GEOLOGY.MAP

This map shows the rock units and faults for the entire country.  To display
the mineral deposit points, select the Analyze menu, Plot menu, Icon Loctn. 
To display the deposit names, select Icon Names and click on any deposit 
point.  The name appears in the lower left corner of the screen.  


GOLDAREA.MAP

This map initially draws the geology, faults, hydrothermal areas, and 
mineral deposit points.  To display the deposit names in the Tilarán gold-
mining area, select the Analyze menu, Plot menu, Icon Names, and click on 
any deposit point.  The deposit name appears in the lower left corner of the
screen. 

The user can change the appearance of interactive maps by modifying the 
'.MAP' file.  See the section titled "Mapper User Manual" for details.



                           USING VIEWLBL

Typeing RUNVIEW at the DOS prompt in the \GIV subdirectory will start the
VIEWLBL display software, showing a list of '.LBL' files.  Move the
highlight bar over 'GEOLOGY.LBL' with the mouse or cursor keys and press 
 on the keyboard, or press the left mouse button.  This displays a 
bitmap of the geologic map of Costa Rica.  Menu items in VIEWLBL allow 
zooming, panning, histograms, etc.  

The .LBL file can be converted to a Targa file with LBL2TGA.  The Targa file
is printable with standard commercial software.  A pixel size of 84.6667 m 
was chosen to create a 1:500,000 scale map of 40.32 by 30.24 inches if 
printed at 150 dots per inch (dpi).  The file size is 27 Mb.  Users can 
modify the '.PMP' file and re-run RASTMAP to change the size, color, 
projection, etc, of the bitmap file to suit their needs.  See the section 
titled "Rastmap User Manual" for details.  



                              ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

   Development of the graphics files on this CD-ROM spanned many years and 
involved the efforts of many organizations and individuals.  The early 
digitizing in GSMAP was done by Rosalinda Jara (volunteer with USGS) and 
Donald Huber (USGS).  The following people contributed to the conversion to 
ARC/INFO:

   Walter Bawiec (USGS)
   Matthew Blaes (volunteer with USGS)
   Adil Elhaimus (volunteer with USGS)
   Frank Moore (volunteer with USGS)
   Robert Swierk (volunteer with USGS)

   Russell A. Ambroziak, USGS, wrote the MAPPER, VIEWLBL, and RASTMAP
software.  Dave Traudt, USGS, assembled the files and directories from
tape to master CD-ROM and created the disc structure and help files.



                                CONTACTS

Questions about the text, figures, and digital maps from Folio I-1865 that 
have been placed on this CD-ROM should be directed to the author:

Paul Schruben        Tel.    (703) 648-6142
                     FAX     (703) 648-6252
                     E-mail  pschrube@rgborafsa.er.usgs.gov

U.S. Geological Survey, 920 National Center, Reston, VA  22092-9998.


Use of this CD-ROM:

Information concerning the use of the CD-ROM and associated
software is available from the CD-ROM Support Center, U.S. 
Geological Survey, 904 National Center, Reston, VA  22092-9998.


Display Software Information:

Information concerning the GIV display software is available from 
Russell A. Ambroziak, U.S. Geological Survey, 915 National Center, 
Reston, VA  22092-9998.
Tel: (703) 648-6481
FAX: (703) 648-5484


The original USGS 1987 Folio I-1865 is still available for sale from:

   U.S. Geological Survey
   Information Services
   Box 25286
   Federal Center
   Denver, CO 80225

Tel: (888) ASK-USGS , or for overseas access outside the 
800 (888) system (703) 648-6045.


Availability of this CD-ROM:

Copies of DDS-19 are available for sale from U.S. Geological Survey,
Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO  80225.



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