Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Peter Dartnell Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek Originator: Eleyne L. Phillips Originator: Guy R. Cochrane Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Backscatter B [USGS]--Offshore of Carpinteria, California Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTiff Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Samuel Y. Johnson Originator: Peter Dartnell Originator: Guy R. Cochrane Originator: Nadine E. Golden Originator: Eleyne L. Phillips Originator: Andrew C. Ritchie Originator: Rikk G. Kvitek Originator: H. Gary Greene Originator: Charles A. Endris Originator: Gordon G. Seitz Originator: Ray W. Sliter Originator: Mercedes D. Erdey Originator: Florence L. Wong Originator: Carlos I. Gutierrez Originator: Lisa M. Krigsman Originator: Amy E. Draut Originator: Patrick E. Hart Originator: Susan A. Cochran Publication_Date: 2013 Title: California State Waters Map Series--Offshore of Carpinteria, California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM 3261 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3261/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nadine E. Golden Publication_Date: 2013 Title: California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: DS 781 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/ Description: Abstract: This part of SIM 3261 presents data for part of the acoustic-backscatter map (see sheet 3, SIM 3261) of the Offshore of Carpinteria map area, California. The raster data file is included in "BackscatterB_USGS_OffshoreCarpinteria.zip" which is accessible from http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/OffshoreCarpinteria/data_catalog_OffshoreCarpinteria.html. The acoustic-backscatter map of the Offshore of Carpinteria map area, California, was generated from backscatter data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay, Seafloor Mapping Lab (CSUMB) and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These metadata describe the acoustic-backscatter data collected by the USGS. See "BackscatterA_CSUMB_OffshoreCarpinteria_metadata.txt" metadata for a description of the acoustic-backscatter data collected by CSUMB. The western nearshore area, as well as the western outer shelf area, were mapped by the USGS in 2005 and 2006, using 117-kHz and 234.5-kHz SEA (AP) Ltd. SWATHplus-M phase-differencing sidescan sonars. This mapping mission collected acoustic-backscatter data from about the 10-m isobath to about the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. Within the acoustic-backscatter imagery, brighter tones indicate higher backscatter intensity, and darker tones indicate lower backscatter intensity. The intensity represents a complex interaction between the acoustic pulse and the seafloor, as well as characteristics within the shallow subsurface, providing a general indication of seafloor texture and sediment type. Backscatter intensity depends on the acoustic source level; the frequency used to image the seafloor; the grazing angle; the composition and character of the seafloor, including grain size, water content, bulk density, and seafloor roughness; and some biological cover. Harder and rougher bottom types such as rocky outcrops or coarse sediment typically return stronger intensities (high backscatter, lighter tones), whereas softer bottom types such as fine sediment return weaker intensities (low backscatter, darker tones). Purpose: These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. These data can be used with geographic information systems or other software. Supplemental_Information: Information for the related USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center data collection field activities is available online: Z-2-06-SC, at ; S-1-05-SC, at ; and S-1-08-SC, at . Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2005 Ending_Date: 2006 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.63 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.43 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.45 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.29 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Oceans > Bathymetry/SeafloorTopography > Seafloor Topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology Theme_Keyword: Multibeam Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Theme_Keyword: Intensity Theme_Keyword: Ocean Floor Topography Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: CSMP Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Carpinteria Place_Keyword: Summerland Place_Keyword: California Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS-authored or produced data and information are in the public domain. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter Dartnell Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7415 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4709 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdartnell@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Acoustic backscatter imagery of offshore Carpinteria. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Offshore Carpinteria Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable for raster data. Logical_Consistency_Report: Unspecified Completeness_Report: Complete Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Estimated to be no less than 2 m, owing to total propagated uncertainties of the mapping systems, which include sonar system, position and motion compensation system, and navigation, as well as data processing that includes sounding cleaning, gridding, and datum transformations. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Not applicable Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: USGS acoustic-backscatter data were collected in 2005 and 2006, using 117-kHz and 234.5-kHz SEA (AP) Ltd. SWATHplus-M phase-differencing sidescan sonars. During the mapping missions, differential GPS (DGPS) data were combined with measurements of vessel motion (heave, pitch, and roll) in a CodaOctopus F180 attitude-and-position system to produce a high-precision vessel-attitude packet. This packet was transmitted to the acquisition software in real time and combined with instantaneous sound-velocity measurements at the transducer head before each ping. The returned samples were projected to the seafloor using a ray-tracing algorithm that works with previously measured sound-velocity profiles. Statistical filters were applied to the raw samples that discriminate the seafloor returns (soundings) from unintended targets in the water column. The data were postprocessed using USGS software (D.P. Finlayson, written commun., 2011) that normalizes for time-varying signal loss and beam-directivity differences. Thus, the raw 16-bit backscatter data were gain-normalized to enhance the backscatter of the SWATHplus system. The resulting normalized-amplitude values were rescaled to 16-bit and gridded into GeoJPEGs using GRID Processor Software, then imported into a GIS, converted to GRIDs, and clipped to the Offshore of Carpinteria map boundary. Process_Date: 2011 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Pete Dartnell Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7415 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdartnell@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 11 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.00000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.00 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.0 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.0 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.00 meters Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The USGS 2005 backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes: >Cell size = 2.0 >Number of rows = 8958 >Number of columns = 8958 > >Data type = floating point > >Boundary >Xmin = 276680 >Xmax = 258760 >Ymin = 3797180 >Ymax = 3815100 > >Statistics >Minimum value = 0 >Maximum value = 1.6 >Mean = 0.99 >Standard deviation = 0.06 > >Coordinate system description >Projection UTM >Zone 11 >Datum WGS84 >Units meter Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The USGS 2006 backscatter grid was originally archived as an ESRI grid with the following attributes: >Cell size = 2.0 >Number of rows = 8958 >Number of columns = 8958 > >Data type = floating point > >Boundary >Xmin = 276680 >Xmax = 258760 >Ymin = 3797180 >Ymax = 3815100 > >Statistics >Minimum value = 0 >Maximum value = 65535.0 >Mean = 29716.27 >Standard deviation = 5382.03 > >Coordinate system description >Projection UTM >Zone 11 >Datum WGS84 >Units meter Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20130514 Metadata_Review_Date: 20130514 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter Dartnell Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Physical Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 400 Natural Bridges Dr. City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060-5792 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 460-7415 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (831) 427-4709 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pdartnell@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2") Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time