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<metadata xml:lang="en"><Esri><CreaDate>20050207</CreaDate><CreaTime>14353200</CreaTime><SyncOnce>FALSE</SyncOnce><SyncDate>20050207</SyncDate><SyncTime>15395400</SyncTime><ModDate>20050207</ModDate><ModTime>15395400</ModTime><MetaID>{03CB1F59-4EEC-49F3-A007-FF6C91D9518B}</MetaID></Esri><idinfo><native Sync="TRUE">Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535</native><descript><langdata Sync="TRUE">en</langdata><abstract>DEPTH TO THE JUAN DE FUCA SLAB
BENEATH THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION MARGIN:
A 3D MODEL FOR SORTING EARTHQUAKES

By
P. A. McCrory, J. L. Blair, D. H. Oppenheimer, and S. R. Walter

2003, Version 1.0



OVERVIEW OF THE SLAB-GRID PROJECT

We present an updated model of the Juan de Fuca slab beneath southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California, and use this model to separate earthquakes occurring above and below the slab surface.  The model is based on depth contours previously published by Flück and others (1997).   Our model attempts to rectify a number of shortcomings in the original model and update it with new work.  The most significant improvements include 1) a gridded slab surface in geo-referenced (ArcGIS) format, 2) continuation of the slab surface to its full northern and southern edges, 3) extension of the slab surface from 50-km depth down to 110-km, beneath the Cascade arc volcanoes, and 4) revision of the slab shape based on new seismic reflection and seismic refraction studies.  We have used this surface to sort earthquakes, and present some general observations and interpretations of seismicity patterns revealed by our analysis.  In addition, we provide files of earthquakes above and below the slab surface, and a 3D animation or fly-through showing a shaded relief map with plate boundaries, the slab surface, and hypocenters for use as a visualization tool.
</abstract><purpose>We present an updated model of the Juan de Fuca slab beneath southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California, and use this model to separate earthquakes occurring above and below the slab surface.  These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public.  The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and seismic information about the pacific northwest subduction complex.</purpose></descript><citation><citeinfo><origin>Patricia A. McCrory, James Luke Blair</origin><pubdate>November, 2003</pubdate><title Sync="TRUE">slabgcs_wgs84</title><ftname Sync="TRUE">slabgcs_wgs84</ftname><geoform Sync="TRUE">raster digital data</geoform><pubtime>Unknown</pubtime><edition>First</edition><pubinfo><pubplace>USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, 80225</pubplace><publish>United States Geological Survey</publish></pubinfo><lworkcit><citeinfo><origin>United States Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Team,</origin><pubdate>November, 2003</pubdate><pubtime>Unknown</pubtime><title>Depth to the Juan de Fuca slab beneath the Cascadia subduction margin: A 3D model for sorting earthquakes</title><edition>First</edition><onlink>http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/*****/</onlink></citeinfo></lworkcit><onlink>http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/91/</onlink><serinfo><sername>Data Series 91</sername></serinfo></citeinfo></citation><timeperd><current>publication date</current><timeinfo><sngdate><caldate>November, 2003</caldate></sngdate></timeinfo></timeperd><status><progress>Complete</progress><update>None planned</update></status><spdom><bounding><westbc Sync="TRUE">-128.742637</westbc><eastbc Sync="TRUE">-120.472571</eastbc><northbc Sync="TRUE">51.742725</northbc><southbc Sync="TRUE">38.843219</southbc></bounding><lboundng><leftbc Sync="TRUE">-128.742637</leftbc><rightbc Sync="TRUE">-120.472571</rightbc><bottombc Sync="TRUE">38.843219</bottombc><topbc Sync="TRUE">51.742725</topbc></lboundng><minalti>-150</minalti><maxalti>45</maxalti><altunits>km</altunits></spdom><keywords><theme><themekt>Thesaurus of Geological terms</themekt><themekey>subduction</themekey><themekey>hypocenter</themekey></theme><place><placekt>Thesaurus of Geological terms</placekt><placekey>Juan De Fuca</placekey><placekey>Pacific Northwest</placekey><placekey>Cascades</placekey></place></keywords><accconst>DISCLAIMERS

This Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by an agency of the U.S. Government.  Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights.  Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service, by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.

Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and (or) the functioning of the software.  The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.  Government.
</accconst><useconst>Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information.  Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data.  The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials.  This information is not intended for navigational purposes.  Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.</useconst><natvform Sync="TRUE">Raster Dataset</natvform><ptcontac><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>James Luke Blair</cntper><cntorg>USGS</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos>Manager, Menlo Park Earthquake Hazards Geographic Information Systems laboratory</cntpos><cntvoice>650-329-4707</cntvoice><cntfax>650-329-5163</cntfax><cntemail>lblair@usgs.gov</cntemail><hours>9-5 PST</hours></cntinfo></ptcontac><secinfo><secclass>Unclassified</secclass></secinfo></idinfo><dataIdInfo><envirDesc Sync="TRUE">Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535</envirDesc><dataLang><languageCode Sync="TRUE" value="en"></languageCode></dataLang><idCitation><resTitle Sync="TRUE">slabgcs_wgs84</resTitle><presForm><PresFormCd Sync="TRUE" value="005"></PresFormCd></presForm></idCitation><spatRpType><SpatRepTypCd Sync="TRUE" value="002"></SpatRepTypCd></spatRpType><dataExt><geoEle><GeoBndBox esriExtentType="native"><westBL Sync="TRUE">-128.742637</westBL><eastBL Sync="TRUE">-120.472571</eastBL><northBL Sync="TRUE">51.742725</northBL><southBL Sync="TRUE">38.843219</southBL><exTypeCode Sync="TRUE">1</exTypeCode></GeoBndBox></geoEle></dataExt><geoBox esriExtentType="decdegrees"><westBL Sync="TRUE">-128.742637</westBL><eastBL Sync="TRUE">-120.472571</eastBL><northBL Sync="TRUE">51.742725</northBL><southBL Sync="TRUE">38.843219</southBL><exTypeCode Sync="TRUE">1</exTypeCode></geoBox></dataIdInfo><metainfo><langmeta Sync="TRUE">en</langmeta><metstdn Sync="TRUE">FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn><metstdv Sync="TRUE">FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv><mettc Sync="TRUE">local time</mettc><metc><cntinfo><cntaddr><addrtype>USGS office</addrtype><city>menlo park</city><state>ca</state><postal>94025</postal><address>345 Middlefield Rd, mail stop 977,</address><country>usa</country></cntaddr><cntvoice>650-329-4707</cntvoice><cntperp><cntper>James Luke Blair</cntper><cntorg>USGS, Earthquake hazards team</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos>GIS lab manager</cntpos><cntemail>lblair@usgs.gov</cntemail></cntinfo></metc><metd Sync="TRUE">20050207</metd><metextns><onlink Sync="TRUE">http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html</onlink><metprof Sync="TRUE">ESRI Metadata Profile</metprof></metextns></metainfo><mdLang><languageCode Sync="TRUE" value="en"></languageCode></mdLang><mdStanName Sync="TRUE">ISO 19115 Geographic Information - 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Our model attempts to rectify a number of shortcomings in the original model and update it with new work.

Contours of the slab surface were constructed after consideration of hypocenter locations, work by Flück and others (1997), and other publications listed here.  After Contours were created, the ArcInfo Workstation command TOPOGRID was used to construct a Grid of the slab surface.</procdesc><date Sync="TRUE">20031110</date><time Sync="TRUE">13144800</time><proccont><cntinfo><cntperp><cntper>James Luke Blair</cntper><cntorg>USGS Earthquake Hazards, Mail Stop 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025</cntorg></cntperp><cntpos>Manager, GIS lab</cntpos><cntvoice>650-329-4707</cntvoice><cntemail>lblair@usgs.gov</cntemail><hours>9-5 pst</hours></cntinfo></proccont><procsv>ArcInfo workstation 8.3</procsv><procdate>October 2003</procdate></procstep><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Flück, Paul, Hyndman, R. D., and Wang, Kelin, 1997, Three-dimensional dislocation model for great earthquakes of the Cascadia subduction zone:  Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, n. B9, p. 20539-20550.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Beaudoin, B. C., Hole, J. A., Klemperer, S. L., and A. M. Tréhu, 1998, Location of the southern edge of the Gorda slab and evidence for an adjacent asthenospheric window:  Results from seismic profiling and gravity:  Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, n. B12, p. 30101-30115.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Bostock, M. G., Hyndman, R. D., Rondenay, S., and Peacock, S. M., 2002, An inverted continental Moho and serpentinization of the forearc mantle:  Nature, v. 417, p. 536-538.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Brocher, T. M., Clarke, S. H., Wells, R. E., Geist, E. L., and Davis, M. J., in preparation, Variations in forearc structure across Cape Blanco, Oregon based on onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic profiling, oil test wells, and industry seismic profiles, 22 manuscript pages.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Chaio, Ling-Yun, 1991, Membrane deformation rate and geometry of subducting slabs, Ph. D. dissertation, University of Washington, 144 p.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Creager, K. C., Preston, L. A., Crosson, R. S., Van Wagoner, T., Tréhu, A. M., and the SHIPS-98 Working Group, 2002,Three-dimensional reflection image of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate:  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-328, p. 37-41.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Gerdom, Martin, Tréhu, A. M., Flueh, E. R., and Klaeschen, Dirk, 2000, The continental margin off Oregon from seismic investigations:  Tectonophysics, v. 329, n.1-4, p. 79-97.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Harris, R. A., Iyer, H. M., and Dawson, P. B., 1991, Imaging the Juan de Fuca plate beneath southern Oregon using teleseismic P-wave residuals:  J. Geophys. Res., v. 96, p. 19,879-19,889.  </title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>McCrory, P. A., 2000, Upper plate contraction north of the migrating Mendocino triple junction, northern California:  Implications for partitioning of strain:  Tectonics, v. 19, p. 1144-1160.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Michaelson, C.A., and Weaver, C.S., 1986, Upper mantle structure from teleseismic P arrivals in Washington and northern Oregon:  J. Geophys. Res., v. 91, p. 2077-2094.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Parsons, Tom, Wells, R. E., and Fisher, M. A., 1999, Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington:  Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, n. B8, p. 18015-18039.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Tréhu, A. M., Brocher, T. M., Creager, K. C., Fisher, M. A., Preston, L. A., Spence, G., and the SHIPS-98 Working Group, 2002, Geometry of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate: New constraints form SHIPS98, in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-328, p. 25-32.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Walter, S. R., 1986, Intermediate-focus earthquakes associated with Gorda plate subduction in northern California:  Bulletin Seismological Society of America, v. 76, n. 2, p. 583-588.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Wannamaker, P. E., Booker, J. R., Jones, A. G., Chave, A. D., Filloux, J. H., Waff, H. S., and Law, L. K., 1989, Resistivity cross section through the Juan de Fuca subduction system and its tectonic implications:  J. Geophys. Res., v. 94, n. B10, p. 14127-14144.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Wilson, D. S., 2002, The Juan de Fuca plate and slab: Isochron structure and Cenozoic plate motions, in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-328, p. 9-12.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><srcinfo><srccite><citeinfo><title>Zhao, Dapeng, Wang, Kelin, Rogers, G. C., and Peacock, S. M., 2001, Tomographic images of low P velocity anomalies above slab in northern Cascadia subduction zone:  Earth Planets Space, v. 53, n. 4, p. 285-293.</title></citeinfo></srccite></srcinfo><procstep><procdesc Sync="TRUE">Metadata imported.</procdesc><srcused Sync="TRUE">E:\temp\Final\Binary\3D_GIS_Project\GIS_data\slab_grid\metadata.xml</srcused><date Sync="TRUE">20050207</date><time Sync="TRUE">14353200</time></procstep></lineage><posacc><horizpa><horizpar>This slab surface was constructed after the consideration of multiple resources of data.  This slab surface grid is only an interpretation by the authors of what is likely a very complex system.  No degree of error was calculated in this report.</horizpar></horizpa><vertacc><vertaccr>This slab surface was constructed after the consideration of multiple resources of data.  This slab surface grid is only an interpretation by the authors of what is likely a very complex system.  No degree of error was calculated in this report.</vertaccr></vertacc></posacc></dataqual></metadata>

