link to main US Geological Survey website
U.S. Geological Survey
Fact Sheet 117-03

References

Cayan, D.R., Redmond, K.T., and Riddle, L.G., 1999, ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 12, p. 2881-2893.

Chavez, F.P., Ryan, J., Salvador, E., and Miguel, N., 2003, From anchovies to sardines and back—Multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean: Science, v. 299 p. 217-221.

Gatewood, J.S., 1962, The meteorologic phenomenon of drought in the Southwest: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 372-A, p. A1-A43.

Gedalof, Z., and Smith, D.J., 2001, Interdecadal climate variability and regime-scale shifts in Pacific North America: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 28, p. 1515-1518.

Gedalof, Z., Mantua, N.J., and Peterson, D.L, 2002, A multi-century perspective of variability
in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation—new insights from tree rings and coral: Geophysical
Research Letters, v. 29, no. 2204, p. 57-1 to 57-4.

Hereford, R. and Webb, R.H., and Graham, S., 2002, Precipitation history of the Colorado Plateau region, 1900-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 119-02, 4 p.

Hoerling, M., and Kumar, A., 2003, The perfect ocean for drought: Science, v. 299, p. 691-694.

Mantua, N.J, and Hare, S.R, 2002, The Pacific decadal oscillation: Journal of Oceanography,
v. 58, p. 35-42.

McCabe, J.G., and Dettinger, M.D., 1999, Decadal variations in the strength of ENSO teleconnections with precipitation in the western United States: International Journal of Climatology, v. 19, p. 1399-1410.

Rowlands, P.G., 1995, Regional bioclimatology of the California Desert, in, Latting, J., and Rowlands,
P.G., eds., The California Desert—An Introduction to Natural Resources and Man’s Impact: Riverside, University of California, Riverside Press, p. 95-134.

Schmidt, K.M., and Webb, R.H., 2001, Researchers consider U.S. Southwest’s response to warmer, drier conditions: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 82, p. 475, 478.

Zhang, Y., Wallace, J.M., and Battisti, D.S., 1997, ENSO-like interdecadal variability: 1900-93: Journal of Climate, v. 10, p. 1004-1020.

Websites

Climate Prediction Center, Previous ENSO events (1877-present); accessed April 29, 2004

Pacific Decadal Oscillation Data; accessed April 29, 2004

 

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