Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Douglas B. Yager Originator: Stanley E. Church Originator: Philip L. Verplanck Originator: Laurie Wirt Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Ferricrete, manganocrete, and bog iron occurrences with selected sedge bogs and active iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed, San Juan County, Colorado Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: MF-2406 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: Description: Abstract: During 1996 to 2000, the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Environmental Protection Agency, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a coordinated strategy to (1) study the environmental effects of historical mining on Federal lands, and (2) remediate contaminated sites that have the greatest impact on water quality and ecosystem health. This dataset provides information that contributes to these overall objectives and is part of the USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative. Data presented here represent ferricrete occurrences and selected iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed in San Juan County near Silverton, Colorado. Ferricretes (stratified iron and manganese oxyhydroxide-cemented sedimentary deposits) are one indicator of the geochemical baseline conditions as well as the effect that weathering of mineralized rocks had on water quality in the Animas River watershed prior to mining. Logs and wood fragments preserved in several ferricretes in the upper Animas River watershed, collected primarily along streams, yield radiocarbon ages of modern to 9,580 years B.P. (P.L. Verplanck, D.B. Yager, and S.E. Church, work in progress). The presence of ferricrete deposits along the current stream courses indicates that climate and physiography of the Animas River watershed have been relatively constant throughout the Holocene and that weathering processes have been ongoing for thousands of years prior to historical mining activities. Thus, by knowing where ferricrete is preserved in the watershed today, land-management agencies have an indication of (1) where metal precipitation from weathering of altered rocks has occurred in the past, and (2) where this process is ongoing and may confound remediation efforts. These data are included as two coverages-a ferricrete coverage and a bogs and springs coverage. The coverages are included in ArcInfo shapefile and ArcInfo interchange file format. Purpose: This map was constructed to identify ferricrete occurrences in the upper Animas River watershed. Ferricrete is one indicator of pyrite oxidation and acid rock drainage that have been ongoing in this region since the late Pleistocene. The mapping of ferricrete occurrences increases our understanding of the geochemical baseline conditions that existed in the Animas River watershed prior to mining. The digital GIS coverages provided may be used to evaluate the spatial relationships among iron-rich ground water, ferricrete occurrences,structure, and alteration assemblages. Supplemental_Information: This product consists of two vector polygon coverages. The coverages include a ferricrete coverage and an iron bogs, sedge bogs, and springs coverage. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Currentness_Reference: Publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.7775 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.5581 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.9258 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.7983 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Animas River Watershed Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Team Theme_Keyword: Surficial geology Theme_Keyword: Pleistocene Theme_Keyword: Holocene Theme_Keyword: Quaternary Theme_Keyword: Ferricrete Theme_Keyword: Manganocrete Theme_Keyword: Iron bog Theme_Keyword: Sedge bog Theme_Keyword: Iron spring Theme_Keyword: Geochemical baseline Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Animas River watershed Place_Keyword: southwestern Colorado Place_Keyword: Silverton Place_Keyword: San Juan County Place_Keyword: San Juan volcanic field Place_Keyword: San Juan Mountains Place_Keyword: San Juan National Forest Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The intended scale of use for these data is 1:24,000. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Douglas B. Yager Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey, MS 973, PO Box 25046, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303)236-2487 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dyager@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Browse_Graphic_File_Description: link to graphic representation of map layout Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Set_Credit: D.B. Yager; S.E. Church; P.L. Verplanck; and Laurie Wirt mapped the ferricrete and bog occurrences. T.C. Sole assisted in digitally compiling data along Cement Creek. D.B. Yager compiled all ferricrete and bog data and created the ArcInfo coverages. Preliminary ferricrete maps were provided by T.J. Casadevall and D.J. Sofield, which were used to guide detailed mapping efforts. Native_Data_Set_Environment: ArcInfo 7.2.1, Sun Unix platform Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: 100 percent of ferricrete and iron bog and spring occurrences and unit attributes were compared to paper maps for accuracy when compiled and digitized. A quantitative assessment of attribute accuracy was not attempted. Label error tests were performed on digital coverages to ensure that no features are unlabeled. The attributes have been checked by the authors' unpublished field maps, and preliminary draft versions of the maps. Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon and chain-node topology present. Each polygon is closed and has one label point. Polygon and chain-node topology present. Completeness_Report: Completeness of the data is a function of the scale of source maps used when compiling data from 1:24,000-scale field sheets for the majority of the watershed area, and 1:5,600-scale aerial photography along Cement Creek only. Mapping in the upper Animas River subbasin region near Eureka and Hematite Gulch and surrounding subbasins and in the regions southeast of the Animas River near Arrastra Gulch and Cunningham Creek subbasins was done in reconnaissance only. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The estimated horizontal positional accuracy of the data is about 12 meters in other mapped locations. All data used from published and unpublished digital sources are limited by the accuracy of these data. Attempts were made to verify the accuracy of these data by comparison to published topographic data and overlap with other digital data. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: 1:5,600-scale color enlargements of 1973 USDA Forest Service aerial photographs were used to map ferricrete and bog occurrences in the field along Cement Creek basin. All other field mapping was accomplished on 1:24,000-scale USGS topographic maps. The 1:24,000-scale data were transferred by hand to USGS topographic greenline base mylar maps and later scanned and converted to ArcInfo coverages. Cement Creek data, at creek level, were digitally compiled by the on-screen digitizing method, and using 1-m resolution digital ortho quadrangles as a backdrop image. Process_Date: 1996 to 2001 Process_Step: Process_Description: Drafted linework was scanned with a scan resolution of 400 dpi. ArcInfo commands, IMAGEGRID and GRIDLINE, were used for raster to vector conversion. The vector cover produced was projected first with use of the ArcInfo TRANSFORM command. The vector coverage was TRANSFORMED into an empty TICCOV derived from the vector coverage with geographic coordinate-defined corner tics. Once transformed, the coverage was projected using ArcInfo's project command. Label errors were determined and corrected and the coverage topology was established. Process_Date: 1996 to 2001 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 13 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 65 Ordinate_Resolution: 65 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: DATABASE STRUCTURE--The database structure of the map consists of two coverages. These coverages include the "FRCT" and the "BOG" coverage. They have the following INFO attribute items. AREA PERIMETER FRCT# FRCT-ID DEP_TYPE SYMBOL AREA PERIMETER BOG# BOG-ID DEP_TYPE SYMBOL The FRCT coverage contains all contact lines and label points for each polygon related to the ferricrete data, and the BOG coverage contains all contact lines and label points for each polygon related to the bogs and springs data. The FRCT.PAT and BOG.PAT INFO files have the non-common attribute field for DEP_TYPE. DEP_TYPE is a text field that describes each deposit type polygon and each poly line. Two shapefiles each comprise the ferricrete and bogs and springs features. The ferricrete poly and arc features are included in the "frct.shp" and "frcta.shp" shapefiles, respectively. The bog and spring features are included in the bog.shp and boga.shp shapefiles, respectively. The following detailed overview discusses the non-common attribute DEP_TYPE included in the FRCT and the BOG coverages that comprise the ferricrete and iron bogs and springs coverages and the frct.shp, frcta.shp, bog.shp, and boga.shp shapefiles. The INFO files FRCT.PAT and FRCT.AAT have populated attribute fields for item DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL. The INFO items DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL are populated with corresponding text that identifies each unique mapped deposit type and its corresponding map symbol. These ferricrete DEP_TYPE and corresponding SYMBOL attributes are as follows. Alluvial ferricrete=af Colluvial ferricrete=cf Undifferentiated ferricrete=uf Colluvial manganocrete=mncf Alluvial manganocrete=mnaf Transitional colluvial manganocrete and ferricrete=tf Bog iron=bi The INFO files BOG.PAT and BOG.AAT have populated attribute fields for item DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL. The INFO items DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL are populated with corresponding text that identifies each unique mapped deposit type and its corresponding map symbol. These bog and spring DEP_TYPE and corresponding SYMBOL attributes are as follows. Sedge bog=sb Iron spring=spi Iron bog=ib Undifferentiated bog= ub Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Central Publications Group Address: MS 902, Box 25046 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (888)ASK-USGS Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: webmaster@geology.cr.usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is". The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied, as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ArcInfo interchange file and ArcInfo shapefile formats Format_Version_Number: ArcInfo version 7.2.1 File_Decompression_Technique: .tar.gz - UNIX gzip-compressed TAR file - use GNU zip and TAR to extract .ZIP - Windows ZIP archive - use Winzip, PKZip, or similar to extract Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: Fees: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S.Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Resource_Description: MF-2406 (Map-on-Demand) Distribution_Liability: none Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Available as one printed sheet. Order from USGS at the address listed above or see for more ordering information. Fees: For current prices please see Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20030312 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Douglas B. Yager Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046 Address: Denver Federal Center, MS973 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-2487 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dyager@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None