Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Douglas B. Yager
Originator: Stanley E. Church
Originator: Philip L. Verplanck
Originator: Laurie Wirt
Publication_Date: 2003
Title:
Ferricrete, manganocrete, and bog iron occurrences with
selected sedge bogs and active iron bogs and springs in
the upper Animas River watershed, San Juan County,
Colorado
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field
Studies Map
Issue_Identification: MF-2406
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage:
Description:
Abstract:
During 1996 to 2000, the Bureau of Land Management, National
Park Service, Environmental Protection Agency, United States
Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, and the
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed a coordinated
strategy to (1) study the environmental effects of
historical mining on Federal lands, and (2) remediate
contaminated sites that have the greatest impact on water
quality and ecosystem health. This dataset provides
information that contributes to these overall objectives and
is part of the USGS Abandoned Mine Lands Initiative. Data
presented here represent ferricrete occurrences and selected
iron bogs and springs in the upper Animas River watershed in
San Juan County near Silverton, Colorado. Ferricretes
(stratified iron and manganese oxyhydroxide-cemented
sedimentary deposits) are one indicator of the geochemical
baseline conditions as well as the effect that weathering of
mineralized rocks had on water quality in the Animas River
watershed prior to mining. Logs and wood fragments
preserved in several ferricretes in the upper Animas River
watershed, collected primarily along streams, yield
radiocarbon ages of modern to 9,580 years B.P. (P.L.
Verplanck, D.B. Yager, and S.E. Church, work in progress).
The presence of ferricrete deposits along the current stream
courses indicates that climate and physiography of the
Animas River watershed have been relatively constant
throughout the Holocene and that weathering processes have
been ongoing for thousands of years prior to historical
mining activities. Thus, by knowing where ferricrete is
preserved in the watershed today, land-management agencies
have an indication of (1) where metal precipitation from
weathering of altered rocks has occurred in the past, and
(2) where this process is ongoing and may confound
remediation efforts.
These data are included as two coverages-a ferricrete
coverage and a bogs and springs coverage. The coverages are
included in ArcInfo shapefile and ArcInfo interchange file
format.
Purpose:
This map was constructed to identify ferricrete occurrences
in the upper Animas River watershed. Ferricrete is one
indicator of pyrite oxidation and acid rock drainage that
have been ongoing in this region since the late Pleistocene.
The mapping of ferricrete occurrences increases our
understanding of the geochemical baseline conditions that
existed in the Animas River watershed prior to mining. The
digital GIS coverages provided may be used to evaluate the
spatial relationships among iron-rich ground water,
ferricrete occurrences,structure, and alteration
assemblages.
Supplemental_Information:
This product consists of two vector polygon coverages. The
coverages include a ferricrete coverage and an iron bogs,
sedge bogs, and springs coverage.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 2003
Currentness_Reference: Publication date
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.7775
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -107.5581
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.9258
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.7983
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
Theme_Keyword: Animas River Watershed Abandoned Mine Lands
Initiative
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Team
Theme_Keyword: Surficial geology
Theme_Keyword: Pleistocene
Theme_Keyword: Holocene
Theme_Keyword: Quaternary
Theme_Keyword: Ferricrete
Theme_Keyword: Manganocrete
Theme_Keyword: Iron bog
Theme_Keyword: Sedge bog
Theme_Keyword: Iron spring
Theme_Keyword: Geochemical baseline
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board on Geographic Names
(BGN) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Animas River watershed
Place_Keyword: southwestern Colorado
Place_Keyword: Silverton
Place_Keyword: San Juan County
Place_Keyword: San Juan volcanic field
Place_Keyword: San Juan Mountains
Place_Keyword: San Juan National Forest
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The intended scale of use for these data is 1:24,000.
Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be
appreciated in products derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Douglas B. Yager
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: U.S. Geological Survey, MS 973, PO Box 25046,
Denver Federal Center
City: Denver
State_or_Province: Colorado
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303)236-2487
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dyager@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: link to graphic
representation of map layout
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF
Data_Set_Credit: D.B. Yager; S.E. Church; P.L. Verplanck; and
Laurie Wirt mapped the ferricrete and bog occurrences. T.C.
Sole assisted in digitally compiling data along Cement Creek.
D.B. Yager compiled all ferricrete and bog data and created
the ArcInfo coverages. Preliminary ferricrete maps were
provided by T.J. Casadevall and D.J. Sofield, which were used
to guide detailed mapping efforts.
Native_Data_Set_Environment: ArcInfo 7.2.1, Sun Unix platform
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
100 percent of ferricrete and iron bog and spring
occurrences and unit attributes were compared to paper maps
for accuracy when compiled and digitized. A quantitative
assessment of attribute accuracy was not attempted. Label
error tests were performed on digital coverages to ensure
that no features are unlabeled. The attributes have been
checked by the authors' unpublished field maps, and
preliminary draft versions of the maps.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Polygon and chain-node topology present. Each polygon is
closed and has one label point. Polygon and chain-node
topology present.
Completeness_Report:
Completeness of the data is a function of the scale of source
maps used when compiling data from 1:24,000-scale field sheets
for the majority of the watershed area, and 1:5,600-scale
aerial photography along Cement Creek only. Mapping in the
upper Animas River subbasin region near Eureka and Hematite
Gulch and surrounding subbasins and in the regions southeast
of the Animas River near Arrastra Gulch and Cunningham Creek
subbasins was done in reconnaissance only.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The estimated horizontal positional accuracy of the data
is about 12 meters in other mapped locations. All data
used from published and unpublished digital sources are
limited by the accuracy of these data. Attempts were made
to verify the accuracy of these data by comparison to
published topographic data and overlap with other digital
data.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
1:5,600-scale color enlargements of 1973 USDA Forest
Service aerial photographs were used to map ferricrete and
bog occurrences in the field along Cement Creek basin. All
other field mapping was accomplished on 1:24,000-scale
USGS topographic maps. The 1:24,000-scale data were
transferred by hand to USGS topographic greenline base
mylar maps and later scanned and converted to ArcInfo
coverages. Cement Creek data, at creek level, were
digitally compiled by the on-screen digitizing method, and
using 1-m resolution digital ortho quadrangles as a
backdrop image.
Process_Date: 1996 to 2001
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Drafted linework was scanned with a scan resolution of 400
dpi. ArcInfo commands, IMAGEGRID and GRIDLINE, were used
for raster to vector conversion. The vector cover
produced was projected first with use of the ArcInfo
TRANSFORM command. The vector coverage was TRANSFORMED
into an empty TICCOV derived from the vector coverage with
geographic coordinate-defined corner tics. Once
transformed, the coverage was projected using ArcInfo's
project command. Label errors were determined and
corrected and the coverage topology was established.
Process_Date: 1996 to 2001
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 13
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 65
Ordinate_Resolution: 65
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927
Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
DATABASE STRUCTURE--The database structure of the map
consists of two coverages. These coverages include the
"FRCT" and the "BOG" coverage. They have the following
INFO attribute items.
AREA
PERIMETER
FRCT#
FRCT-ID
DEP_TYPE
SYMBOL
AREA
PERIMETER
BOG#
BOG-ID
DEP_TYPE
SYMBOL
The FRCT coverage contains all contact lines and label
points for each polygon related to the ferricrete data, and
the BOG coverage contains all contact lines and label points
for each polygon related to the bogs and springs data. The
FRCT.PAT and BOG.PAT INFO files have the non-common
attribute field for DEP_TYPE. DEP_TYPE is a text field that
describes each deposit type polygon and each poly line. Two
shapefiles each comprise the ferricrete and bogs and springs
features. The ferricrete poly and arc features are included
in the "frct.shp" and "frcta.shp" shapefiles, respectively.
The bog and spring features are included in the bog.shp and
boga.shp shapefiles, respectively.
The following detailed overview discusses the non-common
attribute DEP_TYPE included in the FRCT and the BOG
coverages that comprise the ferricrete and iron bogs and
springs coverages and the frct.shp, frcta.shp, bog.shp, and
boga.shp shapefiles.
The INFO files FRCT.PAT and FRCT.AAT have populated
attribute fields for item DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL. The INFO
items DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL are populated with corresponding
text that identifies each unique mapped deposit type and its
corresponding map symbol. These ferricrete DEP_TYPE and
corresponding SYMBOL attributes are as follows.
Alluvial ferricrete=af
Colluvial ferricrete=cf
Undifferentiated ferricrete=uf
Colluvial manganocrete=mncf
Alluvial manganocrete=mnaf
Transitional colluvial manganocrete and ferricrete=tf
Bog iron=bi
The INFO files BOG.PAT and BOG.AAT have populated attribute
fields for item DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL. The INFO items
DEP_TYPE and SYMBOL are populated with corresponding text
that identifies each unique mapped deposit type and its
corresponding map symbol. These bog and spring DEP_TYPE and
corresponding SYMBOL attributes are as follows.
Sedge bog=sb
Iron spring=spi
Iron bog=ib
Undifferentiated bog= ub
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Central Publications Group
Address: MS 902, Box 25046
Address: Denver Federal Center
City: Denver
State_or_Province: Colorado
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (888)ASK-USGS
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address:
webmaster@geology.cr.usgs.gov
Distribution_Liability:
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic
data "as is". The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty
concerning the accuracy of information contained in the
geographic data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either
expressed or implied, as to any other matter whatsoever,
including, without limitation, the condition of the product,
or its fitness for any particular purpose. The burden for
determining fitness for use lies entirely with the user.
Although these data have been processed successfully on
computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied,
is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any
other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or
imply any such warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ArcInfo interchange file and ArcInfo
shapefile formats
Format_Version_Number: ArcInfo version 7.2.1
File_Decompression_Technique:
.tar.gz - UNIX gzip-compressed TAR file - use GNU zip
and TAR to extract
.ZIP - Windows ZIP archive - use Winzip, PKZip, or
similar to extract
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
Fees: None
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S.Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: USGS Information Services
Address: Box 25286
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: United States
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
Resource_Description: MF-2406 (Map-on-Demand)
Distribution_Liability: none
Standard_Order_Process:
Non-digital_Form:
Available as one printed sheet. Order from USGS at the
address listed above or see
for more
ordering information.
Fees:
For current prices please see
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20030312
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Douglas B. Yager
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Box 25046
Address: Denver Federal Center, MS973
City: Denver
State_or_Province: Colorado
Postal_Code: 80225
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 236-2487
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dyager@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital
Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None