1_README.TXT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIGITAL DATA FOR GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE ALASKA PENINSULA, SOUTHWEST ALASKA, AND THE ALASKA PENINSULA TERRANE by Frederic H. Wilson(1), Robert L. Detterman(2), and Gregory D. DuBois(3) 1999 OPEN-FILE REPORT 99-317 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. (1) U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Dr., Anchorage AK 99508-4667; (2) Deceased (3) U.S. Geological Survey, 4200 University Dr., Anchorage AK 99508-4667, now at Emcon Alaska Inc., 4701 Business Park Blvd., Anchorage AK 99503 DISCLAIMERS This World-Wide-Web publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data and software published on this Web-site have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and (or) the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS The data and text on this Web-site require either a Unix work- station, an IBM(1) or compatible personal computer or a MacIntosh(2) or compatible computer. A system capable of running Arc/INFO(3), version 5.0 or later is necessary for full functionality, however partial functionality can be obtained using Arc/View(3). The PC should have an 80486 or higher processor (Pentium(4) recommended), Microsoft Windows(5) 95 or higher (Windows 98 or NT recommended), 8 megabytes RAM (32 MB recommended), and a VGA color monitor that can display 256 colors. The Macintosh should have a 68030 or higher processor (PowerPC recommended), 8 megabytes RAM (16 MB recommended), Apple System Software version 7.1.2 or later (8.1 or later recommended), and a 13-inch color monitor that can display 256 colors. Both platforms require MS Word(5) 97/98 or higher to read the .DOC files, and Adobe Acrobat(6) Reader 3.0 or higher to read the .PDF files. You will need GIS software such as Arc/INFO(3) to read the Arc graphics and related files. PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT (PDF) FILES This Web-site contains Portable Document Format (PDF) files for viewing and searching documents. In order to view PDF files you will need a reader that can translate PDF files. You can download the latest version of Adobe Acrobat Reader free via the Internet from the Adobe homepage on the World Wide Web at http://www.adobe.com/ INTRODUCTION These digital databases are the result of the compilation and reinterpretation of published and unpublished 1:250,000- and 1:63,360-scale mapping. The map area covers approximately 62,000 sq km (23,000 sq mi) in land area and encompasses much of 13 1:250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula in southwestern Alaska. The compilation was done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment project (AMRAP), whose goal was to create and assemble geologic, geochemical, geophysical, and other data in order to perform mineral resource assessments on a quadrangle, regional or statewide basis. The digital data here was created to assist in the completion of a regional mineral resource assessment of the Alaska Peninsula. Mapping on the Alaska Peninsula under AMRAP began in 1977 in the Chignik and Sutwik Island 1:250,000 quadrangles (Detterman and others, 1981). Continued mapping in the Ugashik, Bristol Bay, and northwestern Karluk quadrangles (Detterman and others, 1987) began in 1979, followed by the Mount Katmai, eastern Naknek, and northwestern Afognak quadrangles (Riehle and others, 1987; Riehle and others, 1993), the Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles (Wilson and others, 1995) beginning in 1983. Work in the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles (Wilson and others, 1992 [Superceded by Wilson and others 1997, but not incorporated herein]) began in 1986. The reliability of the geologic mapping is variable, based, in part, on the field time spent in each area of the map, the available support, and the quality of the existing base maps. In addition, our developing understanding of the geology of the Alaska Peninsula required revision of earlier maps, such as the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles map (Detterman and others, 1981) to reflect this new knowledge. We have revised the stratigraphic nomenclature (Detterman and others, 1996) and our assignment of unit names to some rocks has been changed. All geologic maps on which this compilation is based were published using the Universal Transverse Mercator projection (UTM; Zones 3, 4, and 5). Because of the distortions use of the UTM projection would produce on a map of small scale and large area, the plot and graphics files derived from this data are plotted using a more appropriate Albers Equal-area projection for publication. Acknowledgements Any compilation and interpretation of mapping as large as this relies heavily on data and insights of prior workers. We also would not have been as successful as we were without the aid of co-workers in the mapping projects that preceded our work. The compilation of data for this map was well along at the time of Robert L. (Buck) Detterman's death; we would not have gotten very far along on this without Bob's patience and mentorship over the years. Many a time during the completion of the map and text we thought hard to try to determine the way Bob would have done things and what he'd have thought about particular topics. We were fortunate to have had the opportunity to work with Bob over the years and fortunate to have access to his tremendous amount of experience and insight into the problems of Alaska Peninsula geology. Many geologists have contributed to the mapping of the Alaska Peninsula. Workers whose pioneering efforts guided us are referenced in the text. Participants in the projects that these digital data files are a direct outgrowth of included: Narin Albert, 1983; W.H. Allaway, Jr., 1980-81; L.M. Angeloni, 1983-85; Peter Burrell, 1983; J.E. Case, 1977-81, 1983-1985; C.L. Connor, 1982; D.P. Cox, 1977-78, 1980; John Decker, 1985; R.L. Detterman, 1977-86, 1988; G.D. DuBois, 1985, 1988, 1990; C.L. Engelhardt, 1977; B.M. Gamble, 1983-84; S.A. Zurinski, 1986; C.D. Holloway, 1977; D.G. Howell, 1977; T.E.C. Keith, 1984; L.B. Magoon, 1979-80; Louie Marincovich, Jr., 1978; 1982, 1984; Eric Martin, 1984; Hugh McLean, 1977; J.W. Miller, 1979-86; T.P. Miller, 1973-75, 1977-78, 1979, 1981-82, 1988; M.A. Pernokas, 1983; B.L. Reed, 1983-84; J.R. Riehle, 1981-86; Nora Shew, 1981-82; R.A. Spicer, 1977-78; F.R. Weber, 1983-85; F.H. Wilson, 1977-86, 1988, 1990; J.A. Wolfe, 1977-78; M.E. Yount 1977-86, 1988. Their data, efforts, and insights are gratefully acknowledged. In the office, E.E. Harris and M.W. Mullen were always there when needed. John (Jack) W. Miller, Ralph W. Imlay, Louie Marincovich Jr., and John (Jack) A. Wolfe contributed fossil determinations and geologic mapping that help to establish much of the stratigraphic control; potassium-argon geochronology by Wilson, Nora Shew, and DuBois in combination with fossil data help to establish age control. Florence R. Weber contributed a great deal to the mapping of the Quaternary deposits, picking up and carrying on where Bob left off. Thomas P. Miller made available unpublished mapping in the vicinity of Mount Dutton and Emmons Caldera. James E. Case, in addition to contributing a great deal of geologic mapping, provided much in the interpretation of available geophysical data. Many people on the Alaska Peninsula and helicopter pilots and mechanics made each field season possible, if not pleasurable. Especially memorable were the contributions of Glenn Bell (pilot) and Lewis Webb (mechanic and field assistant). The captain and crew of the RV Don J. Miller during the years 1977 to 1984 were of immeasurable aid in making it all happen, keeping us warm, dry, and fed. In particular, Chief Engineer Edgar Maghalaes and Captain A.C. (Frosty) Frothingham were there for us. Reviews by J.R. Riehle, J.C. Moore, and C.M. Molenaar are gratefully acknowledged for the errors they pointed out, the guidance freely offered, and the support given. Discussions of geology and terrane issues from areas beyond the map area were enjoyable and constructive with B.L. Reed, D.C. Bradley, Bela Csejtey, and J.H. Dover. REFERENCES CITED Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., Miller, J.W., Wilson, F.H., and Yount, M.E., 1996, Stratigraphic framework of the Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1969-A, 74 p. Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., Wilson, F.H., and Yount, M.E., 1987, Geologic map of the Ugashik, Bristol Bay, and western part of Karluk quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1685, scale 1:250,000 Detterman, R.L., Miller, T.P., Yount, M.E., and Wilson, F.H., 1981, Geologic map of the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-1229, scale 1:250,000 Riehle, J.R., Detterman, R.L., Miller, J.W., and Yount, M.E., 1993, Geologic map of the Mt. Katmai quadrangle and portions of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2204, scale 1:250,000 Riehle, J.R., Detterman, R.L., Yount, M.E., and Miller, J.W., 1987, Preliminary geologic map of the Mt. Katmai quadrangle and portions of the Afognak and Naknek quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-593, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Wilson, F.H., Detterman, R.L., Miller, J.W., and Case, J.E., 1995, Geologic map of the Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2272, scale 1:250,000 Wilson, F.H., Miller, T.P., and Detterman, R.L., 1992, Preliminary geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-545, 10 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. [Superceded by USGS Open-File Report 97-866, listed below] Wilson, F.H., Weber, F.R., and Dochat, T.M., 1997, Quaternary geology, and Wilson, F.H., Miller, T.P., and Detterman, R.L., Bedrock geology, both part of, Revised geologic map of the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-866, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000, 34 p. pamphlet. Map generation through Arc Macro Language Included here is an Arc Macro Language (AML) file that is used to construct the geologic map from the included files and coverages. The Alaska Peninsula map covers thirteen 1:250,000-scale quadrangles ranging across 3 UTM zones. However, for appropriate display of such a large area, the printed map product is shown in an Albers Equal-area projection. As each 1:250,000-scale base map is published in a UTM projection, compilation, digitizing, and storage of the respective maps was generally done in that projection (NOTE: The Naknek quadrangle, although published in UTM zone 4, is stored here in UTM zone 5 because of its original publication with the Mount Katmai and Afognak quadrangles, both of which are UTM zone 5; similarly, the Karluk quadrangle has been moved to zone 4 because of its association with the Ugashik map). The provided coverages are Arc networks, including both polygon and arc topology. Stored within each coverage are all polygons and all boundaries, including faults, that possibly define the topology. Stored in separate coverages are the fold axes for each area. In constructing the map, the AML re-projects on the fly each coverage to an Albers Equal-area projection and assembles the map in the plotting process. Arc lookup tables, stored in INFO, guide the symbolization and labeling of the lines and polygons through the AAT item ARC-CODE and PAT item CLASS, respectively. Briefly, the variable ARC-CODE stored in the Arc attribute table (AAT) of the coverage indicates whether a line is a stratigraphic, fault, or other type of contact and its certainty. The variable CLASS in the polygon attribute table (PAT) defines the geologic unit and also whether the unit is hydrothermally altered or contact metamorphosed. During the process of preparing the plot file, color is added to each polygon, but only those greater than 3 million sq. meters receive labels. This size was chosen by trial and error to minimize overprinting of labels. The included version of the AML was written with the assumption that the coverages containing the fold axes were already stored in Albers and these are plotted next. The base coverage (AKPENCST), contains labels for geographic features and tics. It also contains arcs representing the "tic" marks as shown on the map. This coverage is also stored in Albers. (The shorelines in this coverage were captured from the geologic coverages, digitized from 1:63,360 topographic maps for the Port Moller, Mount Katmai, and parts of the Cold Bay coverages and 1:250,000-scale topographic maps for the other coverages.) Following plotting of data from this coverage, 3 pre-existing Arc graphics files are plotted on the map sheet. These are the correlation-of-map-units chart, an index map showing the location of the map relative to Alaska, and a 1:63,360-scale inset map of the Puale Bay area, the only way we could show the Paleozoic rocks. Each of these graphics files is included here, as Arc graphics files and as Encapsulated Postscript(6) files (EPS). As a series of final steps, the AML adds text to the map sheet, including a list of map units created from 3 "key" files, a description of the line coding (also a key file), and the geologic mapping and base credits from text files. then various "map collar" text is added directly by the AML. The resulting output is an Arc graphics file, which is converted to HPGL(7) or Postscript(6) formats. Files needed for a complete OF99-317 AKPENRDME.TXT (this file) Introduction to the data sets (Includes description of contents) APMAP.DOC, MS Word97/98 version of text to accompany map. Arc Export files of the geology for each tier of quadrangles: UTM projection Geographic coordinates mkgeol.e00 mkgeolg.e00 uggeol.e00 uggeolg.e00 cggeol.e00 cggeolg.e00 pmgeol.e00 pmgeolg.e00 cbgeol.e00 cbgeolg.e00 Other export files: krc45.e00 Albers Equal-area Proj. Geographic coordinates mkfld-alb.e00 mkfldg.e00 ugfld-alb.e00 ugfldg.e00 cgfld-alb.e00 cgfldg.e00 pmfld-alb.e00 pmfldg.e00 cbfld-alb.e00 cbfldg.e00 akpencst.e00 akpencstg.e00 NOTE: mkgeol contains geology for the Mt. Katmai, Naknek, and northwest Afognak quadrangles, stored in a UTM zone 5 projection. mkfld-alb contains fold axes for this area, stored in an Albers Equal-area projection. uggeol contains geology for the Bristol Bay, Ugashik, and western Karluk quadrangles stored in a UTM zone 4 projection. ugfld-alb contains fold axes for this area, stored in an Albers Equal-area projection. cggeol contains geology for the Chignik and Sutwik Island quadrangles stored in a UTM zone 4 projection. cgfld-alb contains fold axes for this area, stored in an Albers Equal-area projection. pmgeol contains the geology for the Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles stored in a UTM zone 4 projection. pmfld-alb contains fold axes for this area, stored in an Albers Equal-area projection. cbgeol contains the geology for the Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles stored in a UTM zone 3 projection. cbfld-alb contains fold axes for this area, stored in an Albers Equal-area projection. akpencst contains the annotation and shorelines for the area of the geologic map. As no published topographic base map exists of the map area, we created this base to serve this purpose. EPS files akpen.eps (entire sheet) akpencor.eps (correlation chart) penindex.eps (index map) inseta.eps (Inset map of part of the Karluk C-4/5 quadrangle) PDF files of mapsheet and text akpen.pdf (map) aptext.pdf (text) HPGL file akpen.jet ARC Graphics files: akpen.gra (complete map) akpencor.gra (correlation chart) penindex.gra (index map) inseta.gra (Inset map of part of the Karluk C-4/5 quadrangle) Arc-Related files AML akpenofr.aml (Will need editing to work on user system) Ancillary text files mapcred.pen basecred.pen penin1d.key penin2d.key penin3d.key geoline.key utm3-alb.prj utm4-alb.prj utm5-alb.prj Lookup tables and symbolsets fnt020 fnt025 fnt036 fnt040 geoline.lut.e00 geology.lin.e00 geology.mrk.e00 geology.shd.e00 geology4.lut.e00 geology5.lut.e00 geology6.lut.e00 metadata akpen.met Registered trademarks: (1)IBM, International Business Machines, Corp.; (2)Apple Computer and Macintosh, Apple Computer; (3)Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.; (4)Intel, Corp.; (5)Microsoft, Corp.; (6)Adobe Systems; (7)Hewlett-Packard Co.