By Loren F. Metzger, Marti E. Ikehara, and James F. Howle
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open-File Report 01-414
Sacramento, California 2001
A series of freshwater injection, storage, and recovery tests were conducted from September 1995 through September 1998 to evaluate the feasibility of artificially recharging ground water in the Lancaster area of the Antelope Valley, California. The tests used two production wells at a well field located in the southern part of the city of Lancaster. Monitoring networks were established at or in the vicinity of the test site to measure vertical deformation of the aquifer system, water-level fluctuations, land-surface deformation, water chemistry, and injection well flow rates during water injection and recovery. Data presented in this report were collected from a dual extensometer; 10 piezometers; 1 barometer; 27 active or abandoned production wells; 31 gravity stations; 124 bench marks; 1 permanent and 1 temporary continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) station; 3 tiltmeters; and 2 electromagnetic flowmeters from September 1995 through September 1998. This report discusses the location and design of the monitoring networks and the methods used to collect and process the data, and presents the data in tables and graphs.
Abstract
Introduction
Description of Study Area
Acknowledgments
Injection Site and Test Design
Vertical Deformation Monitoring
Dual-Extensometer Construction
Dual-Extensometer Instrumentation
Data Collection and Processing
Ground-Water-Level Monitoring
Construction of Nested Piezometers
Continuous Water-Level Measurements
Instrumentation
Data Collection and Processing
Periodic Water-Level Measurements
Microgravity Surveys
Gravity Station Construction
Gravity Data Collection
Geodetic Monitoring
Differential-Leveling Network
Bench-Mark Installation
Differential-Leveling Surveys
Data Processing
Continuous GPS Surveying
GPS Station Construction and Instrumentation
Data Collection and Processing
Tiltmeter Network
Installation
Data Collection and Processing
Water-Chemistry Monitoring
Sample Collection Methods
Analytical Methods
Flow-Rate Monitoring
Data Collection
Data Processing
Summary
References Cited
Appendix A. Discussion on Preparing for a Microgravity Survey
Appendix B. Discussion on Making a Microgravity Measurement
Appendix C. Discussion on Sources of Microgravity Survey Errors
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