Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Douglas M. Morton Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Preliminary Geologic Map of the Winchester 7.5' Quadrangle, Riverside County, California Edition: Version 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: USGS OFR 03-188 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: Online_Linkage URL:http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-188 Description: Abstract: The Winchester quadrangle is located in the northern part of the Peninsular Ranges Province within the central part of the Perris block, a relatively stable, rectangular in plan view, area located between the Elsinore and San Jacinto fault zones (see location map). The quadrangle is underlain by Cretaceous and older basement rocks. Cretaceous plutonic rocks are part of the composite Peninsular Ranges batholith, which indicates wide variety of granitic rocks, ranging from granite to gabbro. Parts of three major plutonic complexes are within the quadrangle, the Lakeview Mountains pluton, the Domenigoni Valley pluton and the Paloma Valley ring complex. In the northern part of the quadrangle is the southern part of the Lakeview Mountains pluton, a large composite body, most of which lies in the quadrangle to the north. In the center part of the quadrangle is the eastern part of the Domenigoni Valley pluton, which consists of massive biotite-hornblende granodiorite and tonalite; some tonalite in the southern part of the pluton has a relatively pronounced foliation produced by oriented biotite and hornblende. Common to abundant equant-shaped, mafic inclusions occur through out the pluton except in the outermost part where inclusions are absent. The pluton was passively emplaced by piecemeal stoping of a variety of older rocks and the eastern contact is well exposed in the quadrangle. Associated with the Domenigoni Valley pluton is a swarm of latite dikes; the majority of these dikes occur in the Winchester quadrangle, but they extend into the Romoland quadrangle to the west. The latite dikes intrude both the pluton and adjacent metamorphic rocks, most are foliated, and most have a well developed lineation defined by oriented biotite and/or hornblende crystals. Dikes intruding the pluton were emplaced in northwest striking joints; and dikes intruding the metamorphic rocks were emplaced along foliation planes. In the eastern part of the quadrangle a Cretaceous age suture juxtaposes low-metamorphic grade Mesozoic rocks against high-metamorphic grade gneissic-textured Mesozoic rocks. Juxtaposition occurred when the high-metamorphic grade rocks were at upper amphibolite grade temperatures, and produced a steep thermal gradient in the low-metamorphic grade Mesozoic rocks. Age of suturing and attendant metamorphism, based on metamorphic mineral ages, is about 100 Ma (L. Snee, personal communication, 2002). The suture zone appears to vary in thickness, and includes within it a number of metadunite bodies and related rocks. Prebatholithic rocks of Mesozoic age include a wide variety of sedimentary rocks of greenschist or lower metamorphic grade, in the western and central part of the quadrangle, and upper amphibolite grade near the eastern edge of the quadrangle. The metamorphic grade increases from greenschist to upper amphibolite grade over a distance of less than two miles; andalusite and sillimanite isograds are closely spaced near the suture. Metamorphism was Buchan type of relatively high temperature and relatively low pressure (Schwarcz, 1969). Common lithologies of the low metamorphic grade suite include phyllite, lithic greywacke, impure quartzite, meta-arkose, and interlayered quartzite and phyllite. Most of the layering and foliation in the metamorphic rocks is the result of intense structural transposition. Relic bedding appears to be restricted to very local occurrences in hinges of slip folds. The upper amphibolite grade, gneissic-textured Mesozoic rocks consist of sillimanite-biotite gneiss, black amphibolite, and impure quartzite. Anatectic gneiss containing igneous textured segregations of quartz and feldspar is commonly inter leaved with biotite gneiss. Purpose: The data set for the Winchester 7.5' quadrangle was prepared under the U.S. Geological Survey Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP) as part of an ongoing effort to develop a regional geologic framework of southern California, and to utilize a Geographic Information System (GIS) format to create regional digital geologic databases. These regional databases are being developed as contributions to the National Geologic Map Database of the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the USGS. Supplemental_Information: none Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Currentness_Reference: New data Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As Needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.12509053 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -116.99990947 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.74999995 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.62498421 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: geologic map Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: bedrock geology Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Riverside County Place_Keyword: Winchester 7.5' quadrangle Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Cretaceous gabbro, tonalite and granodiorite Stratum_Keyword: Mesozoic and Paleozoic(?) metamorphics Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Mesozoic Temporal_Keyword: Cretaceous Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: The Winchester 7.5' geologic-map database should be used to evaluate and understand the geologic character of the Winchester 7.5' quadrangle as a whole. The data should not be used for purposes of site-specific land-use planning or site-specific geologic evaluations. The database is sufficiently detailed to identify and characterize many actual and potential geologic hazards represented by faults and landslides and posed by ground subsidence and earthquake-generated ground shaking. However, it is not sufficiently detailed for site-specific determinations or evaluations of these features. Faults shown do not take the place of fault-rupture hazard zones designated by the California State Geologist (see Hart, 1988). Use of this digital geologic-map database should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was compiled and edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher resolution information may not have been uniformly retained in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, although higher resolution data is incorporated in most of the map, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Douglas M. Morton Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Western Region, Earth Surface Processes Team Contact_Position: Project Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: Department of Earth Sciences Address: University of California, Riverside City: Riverside State_or_Province: California Postal_Code: 92521 Country: United States of America Contact_Voice_Telephone: (909) 276-6397 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (909) 276-6295 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: scamp@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Geologic mapping and digital preparation of this report were sponsored jointly by (1) the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, (2) the California Geological Survey, and (3) the Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP). Native_Data_Set_Environment: SunOS, 5.8, sun4m UNIX ARC/INFO version 7.2.1 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Morton, D.M. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Preliminary digital geologic map of the Santa Ana 30'x60' quadrangle, southern California, version 1.0. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: USGS OF 99-172 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: California Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-172 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Geologic-map units in the Winchester quadrangle database were described using standard field methods. Consistent with these methods, the database author has assigned standard geologic attributes to geologic lines, points, and polygons identified in the database. Nation-wide geologic-map accuracy standards have not been developed and adopted by the U.S. Geological Survey and other earth-science entities. Until such standards are adopted, the SCAMP project has developed internal map-accuracy standards for 1:24,000-scale geologic maps produced by the project. Geologic lines and points on 1:24,000 scale geologic maps are judged to meet SCAMP's internal map-accuracy standards if they are located to within +/-15 meters, relative to topographic or cultural features on the base map. On any derivative geologic-map plot, line data that are judged to meet the SCAMP internal map-accuracy standard are denoted by solid lines; line data that may not meet the SCAMP internal map-accuracy standard are denoted by dashed or dotted lines. There is no cartographic device for denoting the map-accuracy for geologic-point data (e.g., symbols representing bedding, foliation, lineations, etc.). Logical_Consistency_Report: Polygon and chain-node topology present. The areal extent of the map is represented digitally by an appropriately projected (polyconic projection), mathematically generated box. Consequently, polygons intersecting the lines that comprise the map boundary are closed by that boundary. Polygons internal to the map boundary are completely enclosed by line segments which are themselves a set of sequentially numbered coordinate pairs. Point data are represented by coordinate pairs. Completeness_Report: The geologic map database of the Winchester 7.5' quadrangle contains new data that have been subjected to rigorous review and are a substantially complete representation of the current state of knowledge concerning the geology of the quadrangle. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The maximum transformation RMS error acceptable for a 7.5' quadrangle transformation and data input is 0.003 (1.8 meters). Horizontal positional accuracy was checked by visual comparison of hard-copy plots with base-stable source data. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Field mapping and aerial photograph interpretation; iterative process (D.M. Morton). Process_Date: 1991; 1995-99; 2001 Process_Step: Process_Description: Digitization of geologic linework and point data from a scale-stable cartographic base of quadrangle. ARC/INFO database established; cleanup of artifacts; polygon, arc, and point attribute tables established. Digitizing and editing artifacts significant enough to display at a scale of 1:24,000 were corrected (K.R. Bovard and G.W. Patt). Process_Date: 1999-2001 Process_Step: Process_Description: Description of map units and correlation of map units (K.R. Bovard). Process_Date: 2002 Process_Step: Process_Description: First draft of metadata created by K.R. Bovard using FGDCMETA.AML ver. 1.2 05/14/98 on ARC/INFO data set /scamp31/kbovard/winchester/win_geo Process_Date: 20020903 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 265 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1107 SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 266 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Polyconic Polyconic: Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 33.625 Latitude_of_True_Scale: 33.625 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -117.0625 False_Easting: 0.00000 False_Northing: 0.00000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000399708747 Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000399708747 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Version 1.0 of the Winchester 7.5' quadrangle comprises three ARC/INFO coverages, of which two contain geologic data, and one contains cartographic features: win_geo (geology), win_str (structural data), and win_ano (annotation and leaders). Geologic data represented by line entities and the polygons they delineate are contained in the coverage WIN_GEO. For display purposes, the annotation coverage contains four annotation subclasses: anno.geo contains unit labels, anno.water contains water feature labels, anno.canyons contains canyon names, and anno.cities contains city names. Geological point data includes site-specific information describing the types and the orientation of foliation, joints and lineations. Annotation is respective dip and plunge values associated with individual point data. > >WIN_GEO.PAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 AREA 4 12 F 3 > 5 PERIMETER 4 12 F 3 > 9 WIN_GEO# 4 5 B - > 13 WIN_GEO-ID 4 5 B - > 17 LABL 35 35 C - > 52 SHD 3 3 I - > 55 PLABL 35 35 C - > 90 SHDFIL 3 3 I - > > >WIN_GEO.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 4 12 F 3 > 21 WIN_GEO# 4 5 B - > 25 WIN_GEO-ID 4 5 B - > 29 LTYPE 35 35 C - > 64 L-SYMB 3 3 I - > > Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: win_geo.pat Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic units (LABL) and their corresponding names (NAME) identified in the Winchester 7.5' quadrangle Attribute: Attribute_Label: LABL Attribute_Definition: geologic map unit label, in plain text Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qaf Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: artificial fill Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qyf Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: young alluvial fan deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qya Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: young alluvial channel deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qyv Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: young alluvial valley deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qyls Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: young landslide Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qof Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: old alluvial fan deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qoa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: old alluvial channel deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qov Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Old alluvial valley deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qvof Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: very old alluvial fan deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qvoa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: very old alluvial channel deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Khqd Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: hypersthene quartz diorite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ktcg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Monzogranite of Tres Cerritos Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Klmt Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: tonalite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgab Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: heterogeneous mixture of olivine, pyroxene, and hornblende Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgao Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: olivine gabbro Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgah Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: hornblende rich gabbro Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgat Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: troctolite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgaa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: anorthositic gabbro Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgam Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: metagabbro Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kdvg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: granodiorite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kpvt Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: tonalite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgd Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: granodiorite undifferentiated Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgb Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: gabbro Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Khg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: heterogeneous granitic rocks Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzu Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: metasedimentary rocks undifferentiated Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: graywacke Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzq Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: quartz-rich rocks Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzqg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: intermixed quartzite and graywacke Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzgp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Intermixed graywacke and phyllite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzgs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: intermixed graywacke and schist Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzp Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: phylite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: schist Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzi Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: interlayered phyllite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzds Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Metadunite and serpentinite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzsm Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: magnesite-bearing serpentine Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzdx Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: amphibole and pyroxene-bearing rocks associated with metadunite-serpentinite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzdc Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: marble associated with metadunite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: KgMz Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: intermixed mesozoic schist and cretaceous granitic rocks Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzsgn Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: low metamorphic grade and upper amphibolite grade rocks Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzgn Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: biotite gneiss and schist Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mza Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: amphibolite Attribute: Attribute_Label: PLABL Attribute_Definition: Geological map unit label used to generate plot labels with relevant stratigraphic symbols. The geologic units with LABL designating Mesozoic (Mz) have keystroke substitute characters, }, that call their corresponding symbols from the Geoage Font Group. Geologic map unit labels will plot on derivative map plots with appropriate stratigraphic symbols if PLABL is used as the source for unit labels. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHD Attribute_Definition: polygon color (as integer value) from shadeset alc1.shd Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHDFIL Attribute_Definition: polygon fill pattern (as integer value) from shadeset geology2.shd Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAME Attribute_Definition: Geologic name of map unit (see list under LABL attribute) Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: win_geo.aat Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic features such as contacts and faults that bound rock-unit polygons Attribute: Attribute_Label: LTYPE Attribute_Definition: Description of types of lines on the geologic map (contact, fault, dike). Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, certain Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, approx. located Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, approx. located Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, certain Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, concealed Enumerated_Domain_Value: map boundary Enumerated_Domain_Value: scratch boundary Enumerated_Domain_Value: suture Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kgbd, gabbroic dikes Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kld, quartz latite dikes Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kp, granitic pegmatite dikes Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mzmn, black manganese-bearing siliceous rock Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: win_str.pat Entity_Type_Definition: Geological point data includes site-specific information describing the types and the orientation of foliation, joints, and lineations. One annotation subclass is included in the geologic points coverage, WIN_STR which displays the respective dip and plunge values associated with individual point data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PTTYPE Attribute_Definition: describes type of point data (foliation, joints, lineations) Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: igneous foliation Enumerated_Domain_Value: vertical igneous foliation Enumerated_Domain_Value: metamorphic foliation Enumerated_Domain_Value: vertical metamorphic foliation Enumerated_Domain_Value: igneous joint Enumerated_Domain_Value: vertical igneous joint Enumerated_Domain_Value: metamorphic joint Enumerated_Domain_Value: igneous lineation Enumerated_Domain_Value: metamorphic lineation Enumerated_Domain_Value: minor metamorphic fold axis Attribute: Attribute_Label: PT-SYMB Attribute_Definition: Coded integer value that relates point to cartographic point symbol in markerset geoscamp2.mrk Attribute: Attribute_Label: STRIKE Attribute_Definition: Azimuthal strike of planar feature Attribute: Attribute_Label: DIP Attribute_Definition: Dip of planar feature Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: win_ano.aat Entity_Type_Definition: Annotation leaders Attribute: Attribute_Label: L-SYMB Attribute_Definition: Coded integer value (1) that relates arcs to cartographic line symbol in lineset Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303)202-4700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303)202-4693 Distribution_Liability: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these geographic data "as is." The USGS makes no guarantee or warranty concerning the accuracy of information contained in the geographic data. The USGS further makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to any other matter whatsoever, including, without limitation, the condition of the product, or its fitness for use lies entirely with the user. Although these data have been processed successfully on computers at the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS regarding the use of these data on any other system, nor does the fact of distribution constitute or imply any such warranty. In no event shall the USGS have any liability whatsoever for payment of any consequential, incidental, indirect, special, or tort damages of any kind, including, but not limited to, any loss of profits arising out of use of or reliance on the geographic data or arising out of the delivery, installation, operation, or support by USGS. This digital geologic map database of the Winchester 7.5' quadrangle, 1:24,000 map-scale, and any derivative maps thereof, is not meant to be used or displayed at any scale larger than 1:24,000 (e.g., 1:12,000). Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20020903 Metadata_Review_Date: 20030225 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Kelly R. Bovard Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: Department of Earth Sciences Address: University of California, Riverside City: Riverside State_or_Province: California Postal_Code: 92521 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (909) 276-6397 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (909) 276-6295 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kbovard@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none