H 52 1 Shika 31 53 55N 31.8986111111111 131 10 46E 131.179444444444 Sb Ag-Sb vein Small Average grade of 5-10% Sb. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of two major veins of variable width 0.2-0.3 m, but ranging up to 4 m thick. The veins are 250 m long. Host rock is sandstone and mudstone of Paleogene Shimanto Supergroup. Deposit minerals are stibnite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite. Gangue mineral is quartz. Small amount of gold is included. No igneous rock occurs near the deposit, but may be related with Miocene siliceous igneous activity. Kinoshita, 1961; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan H 52 2 Yamagano 31 54 54N 31.915 130 37 25E 130.623611111111 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 17.44 g/t Au, 17.39 g/t Ag. Production of 28.4 tonnes Au, 28.3 tonnes Ag from 1,629,000 tonnes ore. Kyushu Consists of EW and NE-striking veins. Three main vein is 1,500 m long with width of several to several tens cm. Veins occur in a area 4 km (EW) by 3 km (NS). Host rock is Miocene andesite and Plicetocene. Deposit minerals are native gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, spahlerite and pyrargyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, kaolinite and calcite. Deposit discovered in early Seventeenth century. Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989. Japan H 52 3 Kushikino 31 45 12N 31.7533333333333 130 18 04E 130.301111111111 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 6.6 g/t Au, 60 g/t Ag. Production of 54.7 tonnes Au, 497 tonnes Ag, 8,270,000 tonnes ore. Kyushu Consists of NE-striking veins. The Main vein is 2,600 m long and ranges from 3 to 50 m wide. The veins occur in a area 3 km (EW) by 2.5 km (NS). The host rock is Miocene andesite, and andesite tuff. The deposit minerals are electrum, native silver, argentite, pyrargyrite, stibnite, naumannite, hessite and stephanite. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, sericite and calcite. Wallrock is altered to quartz, pyrite, chlorite, calcite, sericite and kaolinite. A K-Ar isotopic age is 4.0 + 0.3 Ma. Mining started in the Seventeenth century. Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Shiga and Urashima, 1988; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan H 52 4 Suzuyama 31 29 35N 31.4930555555556 130 26 30E 130.441666666667 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.74% Sn. Production of 3,910 tonnes Sn, 550,000 tonnes ore. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NW-striking veins. Six major vein systems occur. Veins are 600-2,300 long with 0.1-0.3 m wide. Host rock is sandstone and mudstone of the Mesozoic Shimanto Supergroup. Deposit formed with relation to the intrusion of Miocene granite. Deposit minerals are cassiterite, pyrite, pyrhotite and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, siderite and chlorite. K-Ar isotopic age of K-feldspar from vein is 13.3 +/-1.3 Ma. Deposit discovered in 1655. Mine closed in 1987. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Karakida and others 1992. Japan H 52 5 Akeshi 31 18 24N 31.3066666666667 130 22 52E 130.381111111111 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 10-20 g/t, 7-10 g/t Ag. Production of 4.7 tonnes Au, 3 tonnes Ag. Kyushu Consists of four ore bodies. Typical ore body has rounded shape with diameter of 35m. Ore bodies are present in the silicified zone, 250m by 250m. Strongly silicified ore body, silica body result from leaching of the original andesitic rocks. Host rocks are Miocene andesite and andesitic tuff of Nansatsu group. Ore minerals are native gold, pyrite, luzonite, energite, and sulfur. Main mineral of ore is quartz. Hydrothermal alteration zoning is present. In the ore zone, extensive leaching resulted to form residual silica body. The residual silica zone is surrounded by advanced argillic zone containing dickite, and kaolinite. K-Ar age of alunite-quartz-dickite rock from the deposit is 3.7 +/- 1.1 Ma. The deposit was found in 1901.Deposit found in 1890. Izawa and others, 1984; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Hedenquist and others, 1994. Japan H 52 6 Iwato 31 16 08N 31.2688888888889 130 19 47E 130.329722222222 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 7 g/t Au. Production of 6.6 tonnes Au, 12.7 tonnes Ag. Kyushu Consists of four bodies that occur in a silica-altered zone that is 2,000 m long and 200-300 m wide. Bodies are located in NE part of the silica-altered zone, with typical size of 50 by 25 m with thickness of 10-15 m. Strongly silica-altered body formed from leaching of andesite. Host rock is Miocene andesite and andesite tuff of Nansatsu Group. Ore minerals are native gold, electrum, argentite, pyrargyrite, bornite, energite, sphalerite, molybdenite, stannite, and cassiterite. Hydrothermal alteration zoning occurs with extensive leaching that formed a residual silica body. The residual silica zone is surrounded by advanced argillic zone containing dickite, alunite, and kaolinite. The advanced argillic zone is surrounded by a weak silica-altered zone. K-Ar isotopic age of alunite-quartz-dickite rock from the deposit ranges from 4.7 +/-1.0 Ma to 4.2 +/-0.8 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1901. Urashima and others, 1981; Togashi and Shibata, 1984; Izawa and others, 1984; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Hedenquist and others, 1994. Japan H 52 7 Kasuga 31 15 59N 31.2663888888889 130 15 32E 130.258888888889 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 4 g/t Au. Producton of 6.7 tonnes Au, 4 tonnes Ag. Kyushu Consists of three bodies of mushroom shape. Bodies occur in a silica-altered zone. Strongly silica-altered body resulted from leaching of andesite. Main body is 500 m long, 150 m wide, and 100 m deep. Host rock is Miocene, andesite and, andesite tuff of Nansatsu Group. Ore minerals are native gold, luzonite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, glass, diaspore, and alunite. Hydrothermal alteration zoning occurs. Extensive leaching formed a residual silica zone that is surrounded by advanced argillic zone containing dickite, alunite, and kaolinite. The advanced argillic zone is surrounded by weakly silica-altered zone. K-Ar isotopic age of alunite-quartz-dickite rock from the deposit is 5.5 +/-0.4 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1901. Izawa and others, 1984; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Hedenquist and others, 1994. Japan H 52 8 Nitta-Yakushima 30 20 04N 30.3344444444444 130 37 50E 130.630555555556 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.6% WO3. Production of 100,000 tonnes ore. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NS-striking veins, typically dipping 50 o W. The main vein is 200 m long with width of 0.5 m. Host rock is sandsone of the Paleogene Shimanto Supergroup. Deposit formed with relation to intrusion of Miocene Yakushima granite. Contact between the granite and Shimanto Supergroup occurs 700 m from the deposit. Deposit minerals are wolframite and scheelite,. Gangue mineral is quartz. Deposit found in 1911. Mine closed in 1958. Several small W deposits occur around the Yakusima grranite pluton. MITI, 1993. Japan I 52 1 Kyeongju 35 49'30N 35.825 129 23'00E 129.383333333333 Mo Cu,Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 0.2-0.3% Mo. Resources of 260,000 tonnes ore. Gyeongpuk Hosted in Cretaceous shale and sandstone of the Hadong Group and volcanic rock of Yucheon Group that are intruded by the Late Cretaceous Bulgugsa biotite granite. Deposit consists mainly of disseminated molybdenite in leucogranite that forms the margin part of agranite stock and partly in extrusive breccia and in quartz veins in granite. Park amd others, 1969. Korea I 52 10 Mulkum 35 18'00N 35.3 128 58'00E 128.966666666667 Fe Cu, Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 60% Fe, 13.61% SiO2, 0.12% S, 0.26% P, and 0.006% TiO2. Reserves of 1,741,875 tonnes ore. Gyeongnam Hosted in a Cretaceous feldspar porphyry that is intruded by an extensive Late Cretaceous biotite granite. Deposit consists of a magnetite metasomatite that occurs in fissure fillings. The deposit minerals are magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. The average width of veins ranges from 1 to 6 m and the average length ranges from 44 to 250 m. The average depth ranges from 70 to 150 m. Hwang and Kim, 1962. Korea I 52 11 Dongbogwang 35 11'00N 35.1833333333333 129 00'23E 129.006388888889 W Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 2% WO3 and 1.5% MoS2. Gyeongnam Consists of scheelite and molybdenite bearing quartz veins in Cretaceous biotite granite and andesite. Veins strike nearly S30-50øE and dips range from 70 to 80øSW. The ore veins vary in width 0.1m -3m and in length 100m - 150m. Scheelite, sphalerite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, wolframite and pyrite were disseminated or embedded in quartz veins. Kim 1967. Korea I 52 12 Yongho 35 07'17N 35.1213888888889 129 07'30E 129.125 Cu Au, Ag, Pb, Zn Cu-Ag vein Small Grade of 1-4.81% Cu, 0.7 g/t Au, 63-81 g/t Ag, 1.8% Zn. Reserves of 20,000 tonnes averaging 1.5% Cu. Gyeongnam Consists of sulfide-bearing hydrothermal quartz veins hosted by Cretaceous tuffaceous rock, volcanic breccia, and andesite. Veins fill fissures in the andesite. The body ranges from 1-4 m wide and 60-75 m long. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, magnetite and pyrite. Bishopp and Kim, 1964. Korea I 52 13 Dongjin 35 43'00N 35.7166666666667 127 19'00E 127.316666666667 Au,Ag Cu, Pb, Zn Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 6.7-101 g/t Au, 72.7-448 g/t Ag, 0.13-12.03% Cu, 0.20-14.06% Zn. Sannae Consists of a fissure-filling Au-Ag quartz vein that occurs along the faults in conglomerate in the Maisan Formation. In addition to gold, the other minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, calcite, and tetrahedrite. The deposits can be grouped into two kinds; the one is Au-Ag bearing quartz vein, and the other is sulfide vein with less quartz. The quartz vein is averages 20 cm wide. Average grades are 35.7 g/t Au, 187.6 g/t Ag, 0.76% Cu, and 45% Zn. A sulfide vein ranges from 15 to 60cm wide, and the average grades are 7.99% Cu, 25.5 Au g/t, and: 359.53 g/t Ag. The mine is developed in sandstone and shale in the Sansoo-dong Formation that is underlained conglomerate of the Maisan Formation. These units are intruded by Late Cretaceous hornblende-biotite granite. Kim, 1964. Korea I 52 13 Akimoto 32 40 07N 32.6686111111111 131 18 20E 131.305555555556 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 42% Mn. Production of 60,000 tonnes ore. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of four main ore bodies in the Takachiho Mn district. The four ore bodies are located at the same stratigraphic horizon, extending northeast direction for more than 1.5km. Ore bodies are found in Permian chert and slate of Chichibu belt. Ore bodies are parallel to the bedding of the host sediments. One of the ore bodies are 400m long and 0.6m thick. Ore minerals are manganese oxide and rhodonite. Mine closed in 1975. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yoshimura, 1969; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan I 52 14 Masan 35 14'00N 35.2333333333333 128 35'11E 128.586388888889 Cu,Pb,Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 4.72% Cu, 2.56% Pb, 50.45% Zn, 0.19 g/t Au and 336.88 g/t Ag. Production of 1,330 tonnes from 1960 and 1963. Gyeongnam Deposits are fissure filling hydrothermal quartz veins with sulfide in Cretaceous andesite rock. The andesite intrudes purple shale and grey chert of the Cretaceous Jindong Formation. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite and pyrite. Koh, 1964. Korea I 52 15 Kuryong 35 08'00N 35.1333333333333 128 38'00E 128.633333333333 Fe, Cu Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Resources of 413,280 tonnes grading 41.6% Fe,0.11% S, 0.04% P. Gyeongnam Hosted in a Cretaceous granite porphyry that intrudes widespread limestone of unknown age. Associated with the granite porphyry is a succession of intrusive andesite, agglomerate, pyroxene andesite, masanite, quartz-feldspar porphyry and altered andesite. The intrusive andesite is partly covered by the agglomerate that forms an extrusive phase. The pyroxene andesite forms a bedded flow. Deposit is mainly sulfide veins and propylitic, hydrothermal alteration zones. Quartz monzonite intrudes both the andesite and the altered andesite. Quartz-feldspar porphyry ocurs only in drill cores. The altered zone occurs in both andesite and agglomerate. The alteration is contemporaneous with, or post-dates quartz monzonite intrusion. Propylitically-altered rock is green-grey, weathers to light grey and contain fine-grained pyrite in disseminations. Chlorite, epidote, sericite, kaoline, calcite, quartz and pyrite are extensively developed in the propylitic zone. Degrees of alteration and pyrite content increase with proximity to veins. Park, 1963; Kim and Oh, 1966. Korea I 52 16 Jinju 35 14'00N 35.2333333333333 128 17'30E 128.291666666667 Pb,Zn Cu, Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 376.4 g/t Ag, 3.77% Pb, 0.09% Cu, 9.31% Zn. Production of 1,032 tonnes between 1956 and 1966 Gyeongnam Consists of fissure-filling hydrothermal quartz veins with sulfides in chert and granodiorite. Purple shale, tuffaceous sandstone, grey mudstone, and chert of the Cretaceous Haman Formation are intruded by Late Cretaceous granodiorite. Ore minerals consists of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite. The veins are 5-25 cm wide and 350 m long. Shin and, 1966. Korea I 52 17 Haman-Gunpuk 35 10'30N 35.175 128 24'00E 128.4 Cu,Pb,Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Reserves of 112,912 tonnes grading 0.86% Cu. Gyeongnam Hosted in light-gray chert of the Cretaceous Jindong Formation. Deposit consists of fissure-filling hydrothermal veins composed of Cu sulfides, specularite, and tourmaline. Sixteen veins crop out at the surface. Drilling reveals that the C and M veins are economic. The C vein is 0.1 to 1.2 m wide, 130 m long, and 120 m deep, and has reserves of 34,920 tonnes grading 0.89% Cu. The M vein is 0.5 to 3.3 m wide, 160 m long, and 75 m deep, and has reserves of 77,992 tonnes grading 0.83% Cu. Kim and Kim, 1977. Korea I 52 18 Sannae 35 26'00N 35.4333333333333 127 34'00E 127.566666666667 Ni,Co Cu Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Grade of 0.29-1.1% Ni, 0.36-0.77% Cu. Sannae Deposit consists of sulfides diseminated and in veinlets in ultramafic rock. The ultramafic rock intrudes gneiss and the deposits occur exclusively rock near the contact zone. The ultramafic rock consists of olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase with some hornblende replacement particularly in the minralized zone. Deposits are rather irregular and grade into barren ultramafic rock. Pyrrhotite with subordinate pentrandite and chalcopyrite occurs predominently along small cracks and faults associated with calcite and quartz. Two stages of deposition are apparent: (1) magmatic segregation during that the disseminated sulfides formed and (2) deuteric and (or) hydrothermal replacement during that sulfides with calcite and quartz precipitated along the cracks and faults. These cracks and faults were probably formed by contraction during cooling. Kim and Park, 1959. Korea I 52 19 Yungchang 1 35 05'00N 35.0833333333333 128 27'30E 128.458333333333 Cu, Pb, Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 4.1% Cu, 4.9% Pb, 15.7% Zn, 0.9 g/t Au, 142 g/t Ag. Gyeongnam Consists of fissure-filled massive sulfide veins containing Pb, Zn and Cu and associated Ag values. The veins are hosted by the Cretaceous Jindong formation sedimentary rock. The general trend of the depoist occurs intermittently at the surface for about 1,000 m. A number of minor faults offset the deposit and cause changes in dip of the veins. The ratio and abundance of the various metals changes abruptly in an erratic pattern that is not related to depth. At the Yungchang mine and adjoining Changpo mine, shallow exploration reveals a number of deposit shoots along a zone that occurs sporadically at the surface for a distance of 1,000 m. Kim and Jones, 1968. Korea I 52 2 Ulsan 35 38'00N 35.6333333333333 129 20'00E 129.033333333333 Fe Cu, Pb Fe skarn Medium Reserves of 1,708,400 tonnes grading 43% Fe, 0.02% Pb. Gyeongnam Hosted in limestone and serpentine of unknown age, Cretaceous slate and hornfels and Cretaceous biotite granite. The Fe skarn occurs along the bedding limestone, or on the contact zone between limestone and serpentinite. The deposit minerals are magnetite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite. Drilling reveals several deposits occur that have a lenticular shape that vary from170 to 180 m long, 140 m wide and 80 m deep. Hwang, 1963. Korea I 52 20 Goseong 34 59'00N 34.9833333333333 128 14'00E 128.233333333333 Cu,Au,Ag Pb, Zn Cu-Ag vein Small Production of 6,900 tonnes from 1929 to 1964 grading 2.6-10.0% Cu, 1.2-10 g/t Au and 65-300 g/t Ag. Gyeongnam Hosted in Cretaceous green-grey shale and sandstone of Jindong Formation and rhyolite tuff of Yucheon Group that are intruded by Late Cretaceous granodiorite. Deposit occurs along fissures and a fault-shear zone. The ore minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and galena. Park and others 1988. Korea I 52 21 Koksung 35 13'00N 35.2166666666667 127 22'00E 127.366666666667 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Average grade of 5.46% f.c. Reserves of 6,770 tonnes. Koksung Occurs at Songjongni, Ogok-myeon, Koksung-gun, Chollanam-do province and is an undeveloped, newly-discovered graphite occurence. Host rock chiefly consist of granite gneiss, biotite schist with variable graphite content and graphite-biotite schist with small amount of graphite. In the biotite schist zone are six shoots with relatively high content of graphite that is lenticular and extremely irregular. Lee, 1960. Korea I 52 22 Tongyoung 34 50'00N 34.8333333333333 128 26'00E 128.433333333333 Au,Ag Cu Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.3-5.5 g/t Au,15-366 g/t Ag, 0.2-1.2% Cu. Production of 5,000 tonnes. Gyeongnam Hosted in Cretaceous andesite, and andesite tuff breccia of Yucheon Group that are intruded by a Late Cretaceous quartz porphyry and diabase. The veins occur along fissures and shear zones in andesite, tuff breccia and quartz porphyry. The deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, electrum and argentite. Park and others 1988. Korea I 52 23 Samdong 34ø47'00N 34.7833333333333 128ø05'00E 128.083333333333 Mo, Cu Pb, Zn Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Resources of 403,567 tonnes grading 0.01-0.09% Mo. Gyeongnam Deposit is hosted by a Late Cretaceous granitic stock that shows two distinct joint systems, the dominant set trending N30-80øW and the other N20-70øE. Molybdenite is deposited along fault shear zones, joints and fractures in the granite stock. Granite has been hydrothermally-altered conspicuously in 10 alteration zones following the N30-80øW joint set. The soil survey indicated that the area of N460-N300 and 300W-200W is the central part of the Mo zone. The average grade of the surface alteration zone is 0.04% Mo and those of underground levels are 0.15% Mo at main level, 0.58% Mo at main level-1, 0.18% Mo at main level-2, 0.19% Mo at main level-3, 0.01% Mo at East adit and 0.02% Mo at South adit. Most of the drill core is low grade. Drill core from holes SD-79-5 and SD-79-8 contains 0.06% Mo and 0.08% Mo in rich zones and 0.02% Mo and 0.04% Mo in host rock respectively. Park and others, 1980. Korea I 52 24 Taishu 34 13 22N 34.2227777777778 129 13 14E 129.220555555556 Zn, Pb Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 6.4% Zn, 2.9% Pb. Production of 230,000 tonnes Zn, 139,000 tonnes Pb, from 5,000,000 tonnes ore. Hokuriku-Sanin Consists of three main NS and NE-striking vein systems. The Main vein is 2,200 m long and 2 m thick. The host rock is Paleogene sandstone and shale. Deposit formed during intrusion of a Miocene granitoid that occurs 5 km S. The granitoid consists of fine-to medium-grained monzogranite, granodiorite and local quartz diorite. The average K-Ar biotite age for the granite is 16.1 + 0.8 Ma. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are calcite and quartz. Wallrock is altered to chlorite, calcite, sericite and lesser quartz. Deposit was discovered in 674 and the mine closed in 1973. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Uehara, 1959; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Karakida, 1987; Karakida and others, 1992; Ishihara and Imai, 2000. Japan I 52 25 Hoshino 33 13 20N 33.2222222222222 130 48 54E 130.815 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 5 g/t Au. Production of 2.3 tonnes Au, 6.7 tonnes Ag. Kyushu Deposit includes several mines near the Hoshino village of the Fukuoka Prefecture. Deposit occurs in an area 12 km (EW) by 5 km (NS). The mines, from W to E, are the Koushyou-Hoshino (Hon-Hosino), Ogata, Taio-Hoshino, Shinko-Hoshino, Suzumino, Yame, and others. Consists generaly of EW striking veins. Twenty veins comprise the deposit. Main vein is 700 m long with an average thickness of 2 m. Host rock is altered Miocene andesite and tuff. Main ore minerals are native gold, argentite, polybasite, pyrargyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and adularia, with minor calcite and chlorite. Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989. Japan I 52 26 Taio 33 07 25N 33.1236111111111 130 52 48E 130.88 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 6.3 g/t Au, 27g/t Ag. Production of 37 tonnes Au, 160 tonnes Ag, 5,870,000 tonnes ore. Kyushu Consists of two main vein systems that strike E-NE and NW, and dip N. The veins occur in an area 3 km (EW) by 2 km (NS). The Main vein is 1,750 m long and 2.5 m thick Host rock is altered Miocene andesite. The main deposit minerals are native gold, argentite, miargyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, adularia and rhodonite. Wallrock is altered to quartz, chlorite, sericite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite. A K-Ar adularia age for the vein is 3.6 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1894. The mine closed in 1970. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan I 52 27 Hoei 32 53 24N 32.89 131 27 39E 131.460833333333 Sn Zn Sn skarn Small Average grade of 3.0% Sn. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of two main skarn bodies. Main and Number 1 bodies produced 90% of ore. Size is 80 m x 130 x 20 m. Bodies are lenticular. Skarn formed during intrusion of Miocene granite. Main ore minerals are cassiterite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Galena and sphalerite occurs in upper part of the deposit. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone and mudstone of Chichibu Group. Kinoshita, 1961; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan I 52 28 Shinkiura 32 48 42N 32.8116666666667 131 33 14E 131.553888888889 Sn Sn skarn Small Average grade of 1.4% Sn. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of 17 bodies. They are distributed in the area of 2,500 m EW by 3,000 m NS. Bodies are irregular shape with typical size of 500 m x 50 m x 10 m. The skarn formed by intrusion of Miocene granite. Main deposit minerals are cassiterite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and sphalerite. Minor stannite also occurs. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, vesuvianite and wollastonite. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone and mudstone of Chichibu belt. Kinoshita, 1961; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan I 52 29 Obira 32 48 39N 32.8108333333333 131 23 45E 131.395833333333 Sn, As Cu, Ag Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 1.2% Sn, 1.56% Cu, 11.2% As. Production of 800,000 tonnes Sn ore, 5,000 tonnes Sn. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of four main NE-striking veins. The Main vein is 1,400 long and 1.5 m thick. The host rock is slate of Chichibu Group and Miocene granite porphyry and granite. Deposit formed during intrusion of Miocene granite. The deposit minerals are cassiterite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrhotite and wolframite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, tourmaline and fluorite. Deposit was discovered in 1574. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan I 52 3 Darak 35 52'43N 35.8786111111111 128 12'16E 128.204444444444 Pb,Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 3.01% Pb,4.41% Zn. 1.63 g/t Au, 41.23 g/t Ag. Resources of 85,720 tonnes ore. Gyeongpuk Hosted in Precambrian granite gneiss and Cretaceous biotite granite and granodiorite that are intruded by Late Cretaceous porphyry, felsite and quartz porphyry dikes. The deposit consists of sulfide veins in hydrothermal fissure fillings in granite gneiss, granodiorite, and biotite granite. The main vein strikes N50-60ø W, dips 70-90ø SW, and averages 70 cm wide. Average grade is 3.57% Pb, 3.72% Zn. The ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, calcite, chlorite, sericite, and fluorite. Cho and Lee, 1966. Korea I 52 30 Mitate 32 46 35N 32.7763888888889 131 28 36E 131.476666666667 Sn Sn skarn Small Average grade of 0.9% Sn. Production of 15,360t tonnes Sn (through 1960). Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of two bodies, Mitate-honnhi and Oohuki. Mitate-honnhi occurs between chert and limestone. The stratiform body strikes ENE, is 1,800 m long and average 2.5 m wide. The body extends downip for 400 m. The Oohuki body occurs 700 m S of the mitate-honnhi and occurs contact zone between biotite granite and limestone. The Oohuki body is irregular shape of 50 m by 50 m and extend 300 m downdip. The skarn formed by intrusion of Miocene granite. Main deposit minerals are cassiterite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, scheelite and stannite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, epidote, vesuvianite and wollastonite. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone, chert and mudstone of Chichibu belt. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Karakida and others, 1992. Japan I 52 31 Toroku 32 46 06N 32.7683333333333 131 21 48E 131.363333333333 Sn, As Sn skarn Small Average grade of 1% Sn, 29% As. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of two bodies The skarn formed by intrusion of Miocene granite porphyry. Deposit occur contact zone between the granite porpohyry and the limestone and slate. The depsit is 1,900 m long with width of 0.3-6 m. Main deposit minerals are cassiterite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, epidote, vesuvianite, diopside and wollastonite. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone and mudstone of Chichibu belt. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965 Japan I 52 32 Makimine 32 37 26N 32.6238888888889 131 27 20E 131.455555555556 Cu Au, Ag Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 2.1% Cu, 0.5 g/t Au. Production of 95,000 tonnes Cu, 4,500,000 tonnes ore. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of 60 bodies. The bodies are typically lenticular shape, with 10-60 m long (maximum 150 m), 0.2-1.5 m thick (maximum 4 m). Host rock is green rock and black phylite of Shimanto Group. The green rock is 1-2 m thick and present at footwall or hangingwall of the deposit. Major deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite. Minor deposit minerals are sphalerite and magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and chlorite. Deposit was discovered in 1657. Mine was closed in 1966. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Karakida and others 1992. Japan I 52 34 Miyazaki-Matsuo 32 17 34N 32.2927777777778 131 21 48E 131.363333333333 As Au, Ag, Sb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 7.2% As, 1.8 g/t Au, 19 g/t Ag, 1.3% Sb. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of EW-striking veins dipping to N. Two main vein systems occur. Veins occur in a area 1 km (EW) by 0.5 km (NS). Main vein is 240 m long with average thickness of 0.6 m. Host rock is Miocene granodiorite and Shimanto Group sedimentary rock. Main deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Minor deposit minerals are cassiterite, bismuthinite, stannite, cubanite, tetrahedrite, pyrargyrite and native gold. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, sericite, tourmaline and siderite. Wallrock show alteration by quartz and montmorillonite. Deposit was discovered in 1915. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan I 52 35 Saeki district 33 02 22N 33.0394444444444 131 54 08E 131.902222222222 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 35-40% Mn. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of 31 bodies. District include bodies in Saeki and Bungo-Ohno areas. Bodies occur in chert and slate of Chichibu belt, Jurassic accretionary complex. Bodies are parallel to the bedding of the host sedimentary rock. One of the bodies are 400 m long and 1 m thick. Resource for a large body exceeds 10,000 tonnes. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, rodonite, Mn oxide, braunite and hausmannite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 52 36 Itsuki district 32 23 50N 32.3972222222222 130 49 00E 130.816666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 40% Mn. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of four main bodies. Itsuki area is a northern part of Hitoyoshi-Yatsushiro Mn district. The district contains large number of small Mn deposits. A main body, the Ikenotsuru deposit, is 100 m long, and 2 m thick. Bodies occur in Permian chert and slate of Chichibu Belt. Ore minerals are Mn oxide, rhodochrosite, hausmannite, and rhodonite.. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 52 37 Fuke 32 09 49N 32.1636111111111 130 36 18E 130.605 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 16 g/t Au, 11.5 g/t Ag. Production of 3.2 tonnes Au, 1.9 tonnes Ag. Kyushu Consists of NE and NW striking veins. Three main vein systems occur. Veins occur in a area 2 km (EW) by 2 km (NS). Main vein is 910 m long with average thickness of 0.7 m. Host rock is altered Miocene andesite. Main ore minerals are native gold, argentite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, and chlorite. Wallrock altered to quartz, chlorite, pyrite, and kaolinite. K-Ar isotopic age is 1.4 +/-0.19 Ma. Deposit discovered in 1891. Mine closed in 1977. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Urashima and Ikeda, 1987. Japan I 52 38 Ohkuchi 32 05 51N 32.0975 130 37 42E 130.628333333333 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 14.3 g/t Au, 6.4 g/t Ag. Production of 22.6 tonnes Au, 17 tonnes Ag, 1,700,000 tonnes ore. Kyushu Consists of NE-striking veins. Three main vein systems occur. Veins occur in a area 2 km (EW) by 2 km (NS). Main vein is 1,500 m long with average thickness of 1.2 m. Host rock is Miocene altered andesite. Main deposit minerals are electrum, argentite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, with small amount of calcite and adularia. Wallrock show alteration by quartz and chlorite. K-Ar isotopic age is 1.1+/-0.5 Ma. Mine closed in 1977. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Urashima and Ikeda, 1987. Japan I 52 39 Hishikari 32 00 18N 32.005 130 40 56E 130.682222222222 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 46 g/t Au. Resources of 250 tonnes Au. Kyushu Consists of NE striking veins. Three main vein systems are Honko, Yamada, and Sanjin. Veins occur in an area 2.5 km (EW) by 0.8 km (NS). Veins in Honko range from 1-3 m wide with a maximum strike length of 400 m. Maximum width of the vein is 13 m. Host rock is pre-Miocene Shimanto Supergroup and Quaternary andesite. Ore minerals are electrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, spahlerite, galena, and stibnite. Au/Ag ratio is high, typically about 2. Average grade of Ag is about 100 g/t. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, smectite, kaolinite, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. About 20% of gangue is adulaia. Grain size of electrum is about 10 microns. Wallrock show zonal alteration from center to outwards, chlorite-sericite zone, interstratified clay mineral zone, quartz smectite zone, and cristobalite smectite zone. K-Ar isotopic ages of adularia range from 0.78+/-0.07 Ma to 1.05+/-0.07 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1981.. Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1989; Ibaraki and Suzuki, 1993; Naito, 1993; Izawa and others, 1993; Sekine and others, 1998. Japan I 52 4 Wolak 35 51'00N 35.85 128 08'00E 128.133333333333 W,Mo Cu, Pb, Zn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 2% WO3, 0.6% MoS2. Wolak Consists of fissure filling pegmatitc quartz veins that strike N20oE and dip 85 to 90o SE in the calc-silicate rock, cordierite-biotite hornfels and biotite granite. The deposit minerals consist of wolframite, scheelite, bismuthinite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite. The host rock is mainly calc-silicate rock and slate that are intruded by leucogranite and hornblendite. In underground tunnels, the veins occur in sygmoid curves and in shingle and horsetail patterns. Kim and Koh, 1963. Korea I 52 5 Sasagatani 34 32 06N 34.535 131 44 43E 131.745277777778 Cu, Zn As Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Average grade of 0.9% Cu, 4.3% Zn, 4.6% As. Production of 8,300 tonnes Cu, 910 tonnes Zn, 4,000 tonnes As. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of five bodies. Bodies are irregular shape with typical size 140 m long 50 m high 5 m wide. They are distributed in the area of 1,500 m EW by 600 m NS. The skarn formed by intrusion of Late Cretaceous granite. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, hematite, galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, epidote and diopside and wollastonite. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone and mudstone. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan I 52 6 Donggok 35 35'00N 35.5833333333333 128 35'00E 128.583333333333 Pb, Zn Au, Ag, Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grade of 1.65-14.94% Pb, 0.42-18.06% Zn, 0.3-1g/t Au, 8-551g/t Ag and 0.38% Cu. Gyeongnam Consists of fissure filling hydrothermal quartz veins with sulfides in Cretaceous andesite and diorite. The ore bodies range in width 0.15-0.5m, length 36m, and depth 57m. Ore minerals consist of galena, sphalerite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Jeong and Kim, 1961. Korea I 52 7 Yanggudong 35 27'00N 35.45 128 41'00E 128.683333333333 Cu, Pb, Zn Au, Ag, Cu-Ag vein Small Average grade of 2.37% Cu,5.5% Pb, 10% Zn, 1.08 g/t Au , 168.3 g/t Ag. Gyeongnam Consists of fissure filling sulfide-bearing hydrothermal quartz veins in andesite rock. The andesite intrudes shale of the Cretaceous Jindong formation. Deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The width and length of the veins is 0.2-0.4 m and 20-50 m respectively. Hwang and others, 1989. Korea I 52 8 Gwymyeong 35 25'00N 35.4166666666667 128 43'00E 128.716666666667 Pb,Zn Au, Ag, Cu Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Reserves of 6,080 tonnes ore grading 6.8% Pb, 9.2%Zn, 1.3% Cu, 1.1 g/t Au and 94.83g /t Ag. Production of 415 tonnes from 1964 to 1966. Gyeongnam Deposit hosted by Cretaceous tuffaceous rock and Late Cretaceous andesite and diorite. Deposit occurs along fissures and shear zones in andesite and diorite. The width, length, and depth of veins are 0.3-1 m, 60-120 m, and 90-200 m respectively. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Hwang and others, 1989. Korea I 52 9 Cheolma 35 14'00N 35.2333333333333 129 12'00E 129.2 Au,Ag Cu Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Resources of 98,700 tonnes grading 0.5-1.3 g/tAu, 2-30 g/t Ag, and 0.5-3.01% Cu. Gyeongnam Consists of gold bearing quartz veins following fault shear zone, joint and fractures. Host rocks are Cretaceous andesitic rocks, lapilli tuffs, rhyolitic tuffs and felsophyre intruded by Cretaceous granodiorite, hornblende granite, biotite granite and aplite. Veins trend N20-40øW, dip 70-85øNE, and range in length and width 65-130m and 1.0-1.5m respectively. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and magnetite. D. H. Hwang, N. Y. Park, M. S. Kim and C. K. Kim, 1987. Korea I 53 1 Hamayokokawa 35 58 23N 35.9730555555556 137 54 01E 137.900277777778 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Medium Grade of 33-42% Mn. Production of 260,000 tonnes ore. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Located in the Yokokawa (Shiojiri) Mn deposit district that contains 17 deposits. The Hamayokokawa deposit is the largest and contains six main bodies. The main body is 50 m long, 8 m thick, and extends 120 m downdip. The bodies occur in Paleozoic and Mesozoic chert and slate of the Mino belt. The ore minerals are rhodochrosite, hausmannite, manganosite, rhodonite, tephroite, and braunite. Mine closed in 1984. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yoshimura, 1969; Uemura and Yamada, 1988. Japan I 53 10 Yaei 35 00 06N 35.0016666666667 136 22 43E 136.378611111111 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 30-45% Mn. Production of 10,000 tonnes ore. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Occurs in the Suzuka Mn deposit district, in that 15 deposits occur. Yaei depsoit is largest in the district. Deposit consists of two bodies. Main body is 1000 m long with 0.2-5 m thick, trending EW. Bodies occur in Paleozoic-Mesozoic chert and slate of Tamba belt. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, Mn oxide and rhodonite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 53 11 Tamba district 35 10 00N 35.1666666666667 135 45 00E 135.75 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 40% Mn. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of more than 55 small bodies. District is also called as Shuzan district. One of the main body is Showa deposit and is 30 m long, 0.7 m thick. Bodies occur in Paleozoic-Mesozoic chert and slate of Tamba belt. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, hausmannite and Mn oxide. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 53 12 Kaneuchi 35 13 50N 35.2305555555556 135 24 30E 135.408333333333 W Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.65% WO3, 0.06% Sn. Production of 1,500 tonnes W, 217 tonnes Cu, 60 tonnes Sn. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE striking veins in ten vein systems. Main vein is 550 m long with average thickness of 0.3 m. Host rock is Jurassic mudstone of Tamba Belt. Main ore minerals are scheelite, wolframite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, cassiterite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and stannite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, muscovite, apatite, chlorite, and feldspar. K-Ar isotopic age of muscovite from vein is 91.2 Ma. Wallrock alteration is not significant. Hornfels occur to the E of the deposit, indicating possible presence of subsurface granitic pluton. Interpreted that deposit is related to Cretaceous granite. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Imai and others, 1972; Shibata and Ishihara, 1974; Shibue and Kazahaya, 1993. Japan I 53 13 Tonoda district 35 08 00N 35.1333333333333 135 33 00E 135.55 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 30-45% Mn. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of more than 65 small bodies. Bodies are typically 40 m long, 0.5-2 m thick. Bodies occur in Paleozoic-Mesozoic chert and slate of Tamba belt. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, Mn oxide and rhodonite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 53 14 Iwami 35 31 26N 35.5238888888889 134 22 15E 134.370833333333 Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 1.6% Cu. Production of 18,000 tonnes Cu (from 1923-1960). Hokuriku-Sanin Consists of NE striking veins, networks, and disseminations. Main vein is 600 m longwith average width of 0.45 m. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Gangue mineral is quartz. Wallrock alteration consists of quartz, chlorite, and sericite alterations. Deposit was discovered in 1890. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan I 53 15 Nakase 35 21 33N 35.3591666666667 134 37 14E 134.620555555556 Sb, Au, Ag Ag-Sb vein Small Average grade of 0.4% Sb, 5.9 g/t Au, 34 g/t Ag. Production of 1,100,000 tonnes ore. Hokuriku-Sanin Consists of EW and NW-striking veins. Twelve vein systems comprises deposit and distributed in a area of 1 km by 1.5 km. Main vein is 600 m long with average thickness of 0.2 m. Host rock is black phylite, green rock of Sangun belt. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stibnite, native and gold. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite and muscovite. Wallrock alteration is not significant. Deposit formed in Neogene. Deposit was discovered in 1573. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994b. Japan I 53 16 Otani 35 01 59N 35.0330555555556 135 31 38E 135.527222222222 W, Cu, Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.46% WO3, 0.26% Cu, 0.11% Sn. Production of 776,000 tonnes ore (from 1951-1971). Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. The Main vein is 700 m long with average thickness of 1.5 m. The host rock is Cretaceous granodiorite. The main deposit minerals are scheelite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and stannite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, muscovite and fluorite. Greisen alteration occurs in the wallrock. Deposit formed during intrusion of Cretaceous granite. K-Ar isotopic age of muscovite from the vein is 91 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1912 and mine closed in 1983. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Shibata and Ishihara, 1974; Imoto and others 1989. Japan I 53 17 Akenobe 35 16 00N 35.2666666666667 134 40 22E 134.672777777778 Zn, Cu, Sn Au, Ag, W, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 1.41% Zn, 1.00% Cu, 0.42% Sn. Production of 1.5 million tonnes ore, 220,000 tonnes Zn, 150,000 tonnes Cu, 12,000 tonnes Pb, 0.35 tonnes Au, 160 tonnes Ag. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Deposit consists of four ore zones, Akenobe polymetallic zone, transitional (Zn-Cu-Au-Ag) zone, Ohmidani Au-Ag zone, and Mikohata Au-Ag zone. It occurs in area 9km (east-west) and 5km (north-south). Consists of northwest and east-west striking veins, typically dipping 70 degree to north. More than 130 veins had been mined. The main vein is 1,400m long with width of 1.2m. Host rocks are slate, metamorphosed basaltic tuff of the Permian Maizuru Group and Yakuno Group. Deposit was formed with relation to late Cretaceous-Paleogene igneous rocks. K-Ar ages for Cu-Zn veins range from 66 to 63 Ma, and those Sn-W veins from 59 to 54 Ma. Polymetallic mineralization occurs in galena-sphalerite, chalcopyrite-sphalerite, chalcopyrite-cassiterite and cassiterite ferberite veins. Au-Ag minerallization, associated with minor base metal sulfides, occurs south and southeast of the polymatallic veins. Transitional zone is present between the polymetallic and Au-Ag zones. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, cassiterite, sphalerite, galena, wolframite, and scheelite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, fluorite, and calcite. Deposit was found in 807. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ishihara and Shibata, 1972; Sato and Akiyama, 1980; Furuno and others, 1992. Japan I 53 18 Ikuno 35 10 08N 35.1688888888889 134 49 32E 134.825555555556 Ag, Au, Cu, Zn, Sn, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 0.3 g/t Au, 60 g/t Ag, 1.4% Cu, 5% Zn, 0.8% Sn, 1.5% Pb. Production of 47,000 tonnes Cu, 92,000 tonnes Zn, 19,000 tonnes Pb, 1,500 tonnes Sn. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of more than 50 NW and NS striking polymetalic veins. The Main vein is 1,900 m long with an average width of 1.4 m. Veins occur in a area 8 km (EW) by 6 km (NS). The host rock is rhyolite, andesite, and associated pyroclastic rock, and minor sedimentary rock of the Cretaceous-Paleogene Ikuno Group. A zonal distribution of metals occurs. From the center of the deposit to margin are Cu, Cu-Zn, Zn, Pb-Zn and Au-Ag assemblages. Sn and Sn-W zones also occur. Ore minerals are pyrargyrite, stephanite, native silver, native gold, and scheelite. Rare Se-bearing benjaminite and matildite also occur. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, fluorite, chlorite, siderite, and feldspar. Wallrock is altered to quartz, chlorite, and sericite. A K-Ar isotopic age for adularia from the vein is 65.6 + 2.0 Ma and 63.0 + 1.9 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 807 and the mine closed in 1972. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; MITI 1988; Shimizu and others, 1998. Japan I 53 19 Ningyotoge 35 18 44N 35.3122222222222 133 56 09E 133.935833333333 U Clastic-sediment-hosted U Small Average grade of 0.036% U3O8. Reserves of 2,000 tonnes U3O8. Hokuriku-Sanin Occurs in Miocene and Pleistocene conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone. Consists of nine major bodies. Those are distributed in an area of 4 km (NS) by 6 km (EW) and occur in a paleochannel. Main body, Nakatsugawa body, is 700 m long and 600 m wide and 1.2 thick. The sedimentary rock is deposited on the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene granitoids. Primary deposit minerals are ningyoite, coffinite and uraninite. Secondary deposit minerals are autunite and carnotite. Power Reacter and Nuclear Fuels Cooperation, 1984. Japan I 53 2 Nakatatsu 35 52 17N 35.8713888888889 136 34 34E 136.576111111111 Zn, Ag, Pb Mo Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Average grade of 6.2% Zn, 0.52% Pb, 30 g/t Ag, 0.06% Cu. Production of 620,000 tonnes Zn, 57,000 tonnes Pb, 240 tonnes Ag. Rsources of 15 million tonnes. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of four main skarn bodies. The bodies occur in area 8 km long (EW) and 400 m wide (NS). Skarn occurs in the Paleozoic limestone of the Hida Marginal zone(Hidagaien zone). The skarn is classified into three zones, i.e., hedenbergite zone, garnet zone and clonopyroxene-garnet zone. Most of bodies are in the hedenbergite zone. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, quartz, epidote, chlorite and calcite. The skarn formed by intrusion of Late Cretaceous-Paleogene quartz porphyry. Rb-Sr whole rock age of the quartz porphyry is 64.9 Ma. K-Ar isotopic age of altered rock related to mineraliation is 54.4 +/-2.7 Ma. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Seki and others, 1979; Japan Zinc Mining Corparation, 1984; Nishikawa and Tochimoto, 1985; Yamashita and others, 1988; Murao and others, 1991. Japan I 53 20 Yamatosuigin 34 28 24N 34.4733333333333 135 58 39E 135.9775 Hg Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 0.5% Hg. Production of 645 tonnes Hg. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of six NW-striking veins. The Main vein is 400 m long, 0.5 m wide and extends 440 m downdip. The host rock is Cretaceous biotite granite of the Ryoke belt. The deposit minerals are cinnabar, native marcury, realgar and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chalcedony, sericite, calcite and adularia. Wallrock is altered to kaolinite, montmorillonite and sericite. Deposit formed during Miocene igneous activity. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan I 53 21 Kamio 34 27 46N 34.4627777777778 135 58 55E 135.981944444444 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg. Small Average grade of 0.5% Hg. Production of 121 tonnes Hg. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE striking veins. Main vein is 70 m long with maximum width of 3 m, and extends 60 m downdip. Veins occur in an area 100 m by 450 m. Host rock is Cretaceous biotite granitie of Ryoke Belt. Ore minerals are cinnabar, native marcury, and pyrite. Wallrock alterations Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Kishimoto, 1975. Japan I 53 22 Yanahara 34 57 56N 34.9655555555556 134 04 23E 134.073055555556 Pyrite Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 44% Fe, 47% S, 0.2% Cu, 0.3% Zn. Resources of 3.7 million tonnes. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of the main Yanahara body and nine smaller bodies. The bodies are stratiform and lenticular and occur in an area 4.5 by 2 km. The main Yanahara body contains the upper, lower and lowest bodies. The upper body is 350 m long along strick and extends 1000 m down dip and ranges up to 100 m wide. The lower body is similar. The main deposit mineral is pyrite; minor deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, magnetite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite and chlorite. Deposit is hosted in rhyolite pyroclastic rock and mudstone of Paleozoic Maizuru Group. Deposit occurs immediately above the basalt of the Yakuno Group. The mine started in 1916 and closed in 1991. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Dowa Mining Corporation, 1981. Japan I 53 23 Daito 35 17 45N 35.2958333333333 132 58 41E 132.978055555556 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 3-5% MoS2. Production of 2,540 tonnes Mo (1950-1966). Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of northeast striking veins. The deposit consists of 8 main veins. Main vein is 450m long and with averrage width of 0.5m. Veins are present in a area 1.2km (east-west) by 0.9km (north-south). Host rocks are mainly Paleogene leucocratic granite (50Ma) and migmatite. Ore minerals are molybdenite and pyrite. Minor chalcopyrite, magnetite, galena, and sphalerite are present. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, with small amount of plagioclase, adularia, and calcite. Wall rocks show alteration by quartz, chlorite, and sericite. Mine closed in 1985 Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ishihara, 1971. Japan I 53 24 Seikyu 35 17 18N 35.2883333333333 132 59 20E 132.988888888889 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Grade of 5-10% MoS2. Production of 2,200 tonnes concentrate grading 83% MoS2. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE, NW and NS-striking veins, dipping gently 10-20 o to S. Deposit consists of 15 vein systems. Main vein is 500 m long and with averrage width of 0.3 m. Host rock is mainly Paleogene leucocratic granite and migmatite. Deposit minerals are molybdenite and pyrite. Minor chalcopyrite, magnetite, galena and sphalerite occur. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, with small amount of calcite, sericite, biotite, chlorite, epidote and garnet. Wallrock show alteration by quartz, chlorite and sericite. K-Ar isotopic age of biotite from pegmatite is 46.6 +/-1.9 Ma and that of muscovite form alteration zone is 47.8 +/-1.9 Ma, suggesting Paleogene for deposit formation. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ishihara, 1971; Shibata and Ishihara, 1974. Japan I 53 25 Niu 34 21 03N 34.3508333333333 135 29 47E 135.496388888889 Hg Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 0.4% Hg. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of three main vein systems. Veins occur in area 1,200 m (NS) by 3,500 m (EW). Veins are typically 50-100 m long and 0.5-2.2 m wide. Veins extend 70-140 m downdip. Cinnabar-quartz veins and cinnabar-clay veins occur. Dissemination deposit minerals occur around the vein. Host rock is Cretaceous leucocratic granite and gneissic hornblende qartz diorite of Ryoke belt. Deposit minerals are cinnabar, native marcury, realgar and pyrite. Deposit was discovered before 700. Mine closed in 1973. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Takimoto, 1973; Kishimoto, 1975. Japan I 53 26 Wakamatsu 35 05 12N 35.0866666666667 133 12 55E 133.215277777778 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Average grade of 32% Cr2O3. Production of 780,000 tonnes ore. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Occurs in serpentinite derived from dunite of the Tari-Misaka ultramafic body in the Sangun belt. The ultramafic body is mostly composed of massive harzburgite and dunite. The ultramafic rock is metamorphosed by a Cretaceous granite. The mine contains three main bodies. Main number 7 body is 190 m long, 60 m wide and 30 m thick and yielded 1,000,000 tonnes ore. The deposit mineral is refractory grade chromite. Serpentine and olivine occur in ore. Deposit was discovered in 1899 and the mine closed in 1994. Hirano, 1996; Miyake and others, 1997. Japan I 53 27 Hirose 35 04 55N 35.0819444444444 133 12 34E 133.209444444444 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Average grade of 34% Cr2O3. Production of 770,000 tonnes ore. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Deposit occurs in serpentinite derived from dunite of the Tari-Misaka ultramafic body in the Sangun belt. The ultramafic body is mostly masive harzburgite and dunite. Ultramafic rock is metamorphosed by intrusion of Cretaceous granite. Deposit consists of three bodies. Bodies elongated to NW and dips 20-60o SW. Ore mineral is chromite. Serpentine and olivine occur. Deposit was discovered in 1907. Mine closed in 1984. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Hirano and others, 1978; Miyake and others, 1997. Japan I 53 28 Komaki 35 06 27N 35.1075 133 00 54E 133.015 Mo W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 3-5% MoS2. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. Deposit consists of five main veins. Main vein is 50 m long and with averrage width of 4 m and continues 450 m downdip. Host rock is mainly Paleogene two-mica granite. Deposit minerals are molybdenite, wolframite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, muscovite, biotite, garnet and fluorite. K-Ar isotopic ages of muscovite and biotite from host adamellite, alteration zone and vein range from 59.4 to 64.2 Ma. Mining started in 1911. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ishihara, 1971; Shibata and Ishihara, 1974. Japan I 53 29 Iimori 34 14 51N 34.2475 135 26 20E 135.438888888889 Cu Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 1.3% Cu. Production of 115,000 tonnes Cu, 2,700,000 tonnes ore from 1919 to 1968. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of a large stratabond body that is 7 km long and strikes EW. Thickness of body ranges from 0.2-2.8 m. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, sphalerite, and magnetite. Minor ore mineral is magnetite. A small amount of quartz, chlorite, and siderite also occurs. Deposit occurs in the greenschist of Cretaceous Sanbagawa Metamorphic Rock. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Nakazawa and others, 1987. Japan I 53 3 Hiraiwa-Sasabora 35 38 58N 35.6494444444444 137 05 19E 137.088611111111 F Fluorspar vein Small Production of 43,000 tonnes (52% CaF2). Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of three stratiform bodies. The bodies strikes EW and extend about 1,200 m along strike. Thickness of bodies is 0.6 m. High grade bodies contains upto 20% Cu. Main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and pyrrhotite. Gangue mineral is chlorite. Deposit occurs in the chlorite schist of Cretaceous Sambagawa Metamorphic rock. Piemontite schist typically occurs near the bodies. Igarashi, 1959. Japan I 53 30 Yoshioka 34 51 34N 34.8594444444444 133 27 32E 133.458888888889 Cu, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 2.5-10% Cu. Production of 19,000 tonnes Cu, 36 tonnes Ag, 0.07 tonnes Au. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE, EW and NS-striking veins. Deposit consists of more than 20 veins. Main vein is 700 m long and with width of 0.3-4.5 m. Veins occur in a area 3 km (EW) by 4 km (NS). Host rock is Paleozoic phylite of Sangun belt. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, diopside, hornblende and chlorite. Wallrock show alteration by quartz and chlorite. Skarn alteration occurs. Deposit discovered in 807. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan I 53 31 Omori 35 09 52N 35.1644444444444 132 26 32E 132.442222222222 Ag, Au Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 1,000-2,000 g/t Ag. Production of 1.4 tonnes Au, 65.7 tonnes Ag, 6,300 tonnes Cu (from 1891-1919). Hokuriku-Sanin Consists of seven main NE-striking veins. The Main vein is 400 m long and 0.5 m wide. The veins occur in a area 0.5 km (EW) by 0.7 km (NS). The host rock is Miocene dacite. The deposit minerals are argentite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, siderite and hematite. Gangue minerals are quartz, barite and chalcedony. Wallrock is altered to quartz and chlorite. K-Ar sericite age for the alteration zone are 1.07 + 0.04 Ma. A stockwork with disseminated Ag ocurs 1 km E of the Main vein. Mining started from 1309 and stopped in 1923. Deposit was also known as the Iwami Ag deposit and was one of the largest Ag mines in Japan. Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994b; Sakoda and others, 2000. Japan I 53 32 Obie 34 36 11N 34.6030555555556 133 48 11E 133.803055555556 Cu, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grade of 1.3-2.6% Cu, 1.5% Pb, 28 g/t Ag. Production of 16,500 tonnes Cu. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NW, EW and NS-striking veins. Six main vein systems occur. Main vein is 1,300 m long and with average width of 1 m. Host rock is black shale. Cretaceous quartz diorite and quartz porphyry occur around the deposit. Deposit formed with relation to those igneous rock. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite and argentite. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Mine closed in 1948. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Igi and others, 1987. Japan I 53 33 Kishu 33 52 13N 33.8702777777778 135 55 02E 135.917222222222 Ag, Au, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 0.2 g/t Au, 26 g/t Ag, 1.4% Cu. Production of 0.6 tonnes Au, 153 tonnes Ag, 93,000 tonnes Cu, 9,400,000 tonnes ore. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of 24 EW-striking vein systems. The veins occur in an area 3 km (EW) by 5 km (NS). The Main vein is 1,800 m long and 0.5 m thick. The host rock is Shimanto Supergroup and Miocene sandstone. The main deposit minerals are native gold, argentite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, cassiterite and wolframite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, chlorite, fluorite, sericite and adularia. Wallrock is altered mainly to chlorite. Deposit is associated with Miocene Kumano siliceous igneous rock. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994b. Japan I 53 34 Myoho 33 39 15N 33.6541666666667 135 49 12E 135.82 Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.9% Cu. Production of 29,000 tonnes Cu. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NW and NS-striking veins. Nine vein systems occur. Veins occur in a area 5 km (EW) by 2 km (NS). Main vein is 1,300 m long with average thickness of 1.8 m. Host rock is Miocene sandstone and mudstone and granite porphyry. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite, marcasite, sphalerite and galena. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite and chlorite. Wallrock alteration silica alteration and chlorite alteration. Deposit formed with relation to the Miocene siliceous igneous rock, Kumano siliceous igneous rock. Mine closed in 1971. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Nomoto, 1984. Japan I 53 35 Higashiyama 34 01 28N 34.0244444444444 134 19 37E 134.326944444444 Cu, Pyrite Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Small Average grade of 3.1% Cu, 35.6% S. Production of 18,000 tonnes Cu. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of three stratiform bodies. The bodies strikes EW and extend about 1,200 m along strike. Thickness of bodies is 0.6 m. High grade bodies contains upto 20% Cu. Main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, and pyrrhotite. Gangue mineral is chlorite. Deposit occurs in the chlorite schist of Cretaceous Sambagawa Metamorphic rock. Piemontite schist typically occurs near the bodies. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 37 Sazare 33 53 34N 33.8927777777778 133 33 28E 133.557777777778 Cu Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 1.55% Cu, 19% S. Production of 95,000 tonnes Cu. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of three stratiform bodies. The main horizon strikes EW and extend about 2,500 m along strike. Deposit extend 1,600 m down dip. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite and magnetite. Gangue minerals are chlorite, hornblende, sericite and quartz. Deposit occurs in the green schist of Cretaceous Sanbagawa Metamorphic rock and closely associated with siliceous schist. Deposit found in 1689. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 38 Shirataki 33 49 30N 33.825 133 28 32E 133.475555555556 Cu, Pyrite Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Grade of 1.2-1.8% Cu, 0.2-1.0% Zn, 16-20% S, 0.1-0.5 g/t Au, 5-10 g/t Ag. Production of 60,000 tonnes Cu. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of a srtratiform body that strikes EW and extends about 6,000 m NS and 4,200 m downdip. Thickness of deposit is 0.2-4 m. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite and amall amount of sphalerite. Minor deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, chlcocite, covellite and native silver. Gangue minerals are chlorite, hornblende, garnet and quartz. Deposit occurs in the amhibole schist of Cretaceous Sambagawa Metamorphic rock. Albite prophyloblasts are characteristically present in the schist. The Sambagawa Metamorphic Rock around the depist consist of amphibole schist, chlorite schisit, graphite-quartz schist and sericite-quartz schist. Magnetite occurs in the schist present around the body. The presence of the magnetite is used for exploration to indicate possible deposit. Deposit was discovered in 1672. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 39 Besshi 33 52 29N 33.8747222222222 133 19 08E 133.318888888889 Cu, Au, Ag Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Large Grade of 1.0-1.8% Cu, 0.1-1.4% Zn, 11.9-40% S, 0.3-0.7g/t Au, 7-20g/t Ag. Production of 706,000 tonnes Cu. Reserves of 8,000,000 tonnes. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of four srtratiform ore bodies. The Main Motoyama body extends 1,600 m along strike and 2,000 m down dip, and has dimensions of 3,000 by 11,000 m. Average thickness is 2.4 m with a maximum thickness of 15 m. The ain ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and magnetite. Gangue minerals are chlorite, hornblende, glaucophane, and quartz. Deposit hosted in pelitic schist of Cretaceous Sambagawa Metamorphic Rocks. Mafic schist and piedmontite schist occur the ore zone. Geochemistry indicates mafic schist derived from basalt that formed in an oceanic intra-plate or constructive plate margins. Age of peak of metamorphism is 110 Ma according to Rb-Sr and K-Ar isotopic studies. Possible age for submarine basaltic volcanism and deposit formation is 200 Ma (Late Triassic) to 140 Ma (Jurassic). Deposit was discovered in 1690. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Suyari and others, 1991; Watanabe and others, 1998. Japan I 53 39 Kootsu 34 01 25N 34.0236111111111 134 13 25E 134.223611111111 Cu, Pyrite Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Small Average grade of 1.1% Cu, 15.3% S. Production of 25,000t Cu. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of four stratiform bodies that strike EW. Maximum length of the main body is 180 m along strike and extend about 2,000 m NS. Thickness of body is 0.5-1 m with maximum of 5 m. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite and magnetite. Gangue minerals are glaucophane, chlorite, garnet and quartz. Rare calcite is pesent. Deposit occurs in the glaucophane schist of Cretaceous Sambagawa Metamorphic rock. Piemontaite-sericite-quartz schist occurs near the deposits. Foot wallrock is sericite-quartz schist. Mine closed in 1952. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 4 Higashimino district 35 33 40N 35.5611111111111 136 49 30E 136.825 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 23% Mn. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku District contains a large number of Mn bodies and is also named the Nagara and Ohta districts. Main bodies are Otukame, Ititannda, and Taisei deposits. The Taisei deposit is 60 m long, 2.5 m thick, and extends 150 m downdip. Bodies occur in Paleozoic and Mesozoic chert and slate of the Mino belt. Ore minerals are rhodochrosite, rhodonite, Mn oxide, and tephroite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 53 40 Ichinokawa 33 53 04N 33.8844444444444 133 12 55E 133.215277777778 Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Medium Average grade of 20% Sb. Production of 20,000 tonnes Sb. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of EW striking veins. Two main vein systems occur. Main vein is 1,300 m long and with an average width of 10 m. Host rock is Sanbagawa Metamorphic rock and Cretaceous sedimentary rock. Ore mineral is stibnite. Gangue minerals are quartz and minor calcite. Large crystals of stibnite, up to several tens cm long. Deposit was discovered in 1630. Mine closed in 1957. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Shikoku Bureau of Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 41 Kawayama 34 15 01N 34.2502777777778 132 00 26E 132.007222222222 Cu, Zn, Ag, S Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Small Average grade of 0.74% Cu, 0.9% Zn, 24 g/t Ag. Production of 19,900 tonnes Cu (from1951-1961). Reserves of 18,000,000 tonnes. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of a lenticular body that strikes NE and dips 30 to 40o NW. The body is 1,000 m long, 3.5 m thick, and extends 600 m downdip. Main ore minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite, and minor arsenopyrite and cubanite. Quartz, chlorite, calcite, and epidote also occur. Southern part of the deposit contains skarn minerals. Deposit occurs in the black schist and black slate of Sangun Metamorphic Rock. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan I 53 42 Ananai district 33 41 12N 33.6866666666667 133 37 27E 133.624166666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Medium Grade of 30-45% Mn. Production of 300,000 tonnes of Mn ore. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Contains more than eleven small ore bodies andis also named the Amatubo district. The ore bodies are hosted in Paleozoic and Mesozoic greenstone and sandstone of Chichibu belt. The main Ananai deposit which produced about 300,000 tonnes ore and consists of seven ore bodies that trend east-west for 4 km. Thickness of the deposit is typically 2 to 12 m. Ore minerals are rhodochrosite, braunnite, and bementite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Yoshimura, 1969; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 43 Kuga 34 11 35N 34.1930555555556 132 00 48E 132.013333333333 W Cu, Sn WñMoñBe skarn Medium Average grade of 0.68% WO3, 0.75% Cu, 0.76% Zn, 0.06% Sn. Resources of 500,000 tonnes. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of 13 major bodies located in Late Triassic-Jurassic Kuga Group, consisting mainly of slate, chert and limestone. Granite occur 7 km S and SE of deposit. The skarn formed by intrusion of the Cretaceous granite. Size of largest body is 80 m long, 220 m wide and 3 m thick. Deposit minerals are scheelite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and cassiterite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, quartz and fluorite. Quartz vein with significant amount of scheelite commonly cut the bodies. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Higashimoto, 1977; Igi and others, 1987; Kase and others, 1993. Japan I 53 44 Fujigatani 34 08 13N 34.1369444444444 132 02 14E 132.037222222222 W WñMoñBe skarn Medium Grade of 1-2% WO3. Production of 2,600 tonnes WO3. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of three bodies hosted in Paleozoic limestone. Main body is 200 m long, 120 m wide, and 3 m thick. Main ore minerals are scheelite and pyrrhotite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, quartz, and fluorite. A granitoid body below the deposit is shown by drilling. K-Ar isotopic ages of muscovite from adamellite from drill core and pegmatite in the skarn are 94.6 +/-2.8 Ma and 92.1 +/-3.7 Ma, respectively. The skarn formed by intrusion of Cretaceous granite. Mine closed in 1986. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Shibata and Ishihara, 1974; Sato, 1980; Igi and others, 1987. Japan I 53 45 Iwakuni district 34 07 28N 34.1244444444444 132 03 41E 132.061388888889 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 30-45% Mn. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of more than 100 small bodies in a area 30 sq.km. Bodies occur in Mesozoic chert and slate of the Kuga Group. A main deposit, the Hukumaki deposit, is 100 m long, 2 m thick, and extends 140 m downdip. Ore minerals are rhodochrosite, Mn oxide, hausmannite, manganoxite, tephroite, and rhodonite. Gangue minerals are quartz and Mn garnet. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Igi and others, 1987. Japan I 53 46 Okuki 33 30 34N 33.5094444444444 132 39 11E 132.653055555556 Cu Au, Ag Cyprus Cu-Zn massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 2.14% Cu, 4 g/t Au, 60 g/t Ag. Production of 50,000 tonnes Cu, 2 tonnes Au, 7 tonnes Ag. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of Cu sulfide and pyrite massive sulfide that occurs conformably in metamorphosed mafic volcanic and pyroclastic rock associated with a gabbro body and thin chert beds in the Mikabu ophiolite. Deposit consists of the Honko and Otoko deposits. Each deposit contains several small bodies typically occur at hinges of anticlines. Hanging wall of the deposit is mafic volcanic rock and red chert and foot wall is phyllite. The red chert markes the deposit horizon. The Honko deposit is 1,500 by 400 m. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and native gold and minor bornite, tetrahedrite and cobaltite. Gangue minerals are chlorite, quartz and calcite. Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Watanabe and others, 1970; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 47 Uwajima district 33 20 36N 33.3433333333333 132 30 32E 132.508888888889 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 27% Mn. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of more than 65 small bodies. Bodies occur in Paleozoic-Mesozoic chert and slate of Chichibu belt. One of the main deposit, Ippou deposit is 600 m long, 1 m thick and extends 120 m to downdip. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, tephroite, rhodonite and Mn oxide. More than 70,000 tonnes of Mn ore are produced from this district and resources of each body less than 30,000 tonnes. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Shikoku Bureau of International Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yoshimura, 1969; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 48 Fujinokawa 33 08 17N 33.1380555555556 132 50 54E 132.848333333333 Sb Ag-Sb vein Small Average grade of 20% Sb. Production of 500 tonnes Sb(50%) from 1915 to1939. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of three stibnite-quartz veins that strike NS and dip 45o W. Host rock is shale and sandstone of Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup. Ore mineral is stibnite. Gangue mineral is quartz. Minor calcite and clay occur in the vein. Disseminated stibnite crystals also occur. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Shikoku Bureau of Trade and Industry, 1957; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Suyari and others, 1991. Japan I 53 5 Nishimino district 35 36 15N 35.6041666666667 136 34 26E 136.573888888889 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 29-38% Mn. Production of 5,600 tonnes ore. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of more than 20 small bodies. District is also named as Motosu or Neo districts. Main body is Tsurumaki deposit and is 90 m long, 7 m thick and extend 170 m downdip. Bodies occur in Paleozoic-Mesozoic chert and slate of Mino belt. Footwall is basalt rock. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, hausmannite, manganosite, rhodonite, tephroite and braunite. The Tsurumaki deposit was discovered in 1951. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 53 7 Kune 35 05 06N 35.085 137 50 05E 137.834722222222 Cu Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 3.1% Cu. Production of 115,000 tonnes Cu, 3,750,000 tonnes ore (from1902-1961). Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of two main lenticular bodies that occur along a stratigraphic horizon. Eight other deposits occur in 6 km from the main bodies. The deposit mineral horizon strikes NE and dips 45 to 70 o NW. One of the bodies is 250 m long with 2-30 m thick and extend 700 m downdip. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Minor deposit mineral is magnetite. Quartz, chlorite and sericite occur that is hosted in black schist of Cretaceous Sanbagawa Metamorphic Rock. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan I 53 8 Minenosawa 34 59 52N 34.9977777777778 137 50 48E 137.846666666667 Cu, Zn, Au, Ag Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Small Average grade of 1.0 % Cu, 1.5% Zn, 0.6 g/t Au, 9 g/t Ag. Production of 24,000 tonnes Cu, 2,480,000 tonnes ore. Sambagawa-Chichibu-Shimanto Consists of a lenticular body in a horizon that strikes NE and dips 30 to 40 o NW. The body is 700 m long with 4 m thick and extend 170 m downdip. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, magnetite and pyrrhotite. Quartz, chlorite, calcite and epidote occur in the ore. Deposit occurs in the chlorite schist of Cretaceous Sanbagawa Metamorphic Rock. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan I 53 9 Kitatamba district 35 13 00N 35.2166666666667 135 49 00E 135.816666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 30-34% Mn. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of more than 25 small bodies. Also named as Adogawa district. Main body is the Kumanohata deposit and is 70 m long, 1-3 m thick and extends 60 m downdip. Bodies occur in Paleozoic and Mesozoic chert and slate of the Tamba belt. Deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, manganosite, rhodonite, and Mn oxide. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan I 54 1 Takara 35 34 24N 35.5733333333333 138 50 03E 138.834166666667 Zn, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 18.8% Zn, 0.3% Cu. Production of 4,900 tonnes Zn, 2,200 tonnes Cu from 1,530,000 tonnes of ore. Northeast Japan Consists of four main bodies. The main body is 100 m long, 70 m wide and 20 m thick. Three bodies consist of yellow ore and silisious ore and the last body contain Zn-rich Kuroko. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Minor minerals are quartz, gypsum and barite. Amount of galena and barite are relatively low cpmparered to typical Kuroko deposit. Host rock is Miocene dacite tuff. Deposit was discovered in 1872. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Yamanashi Prefecture, 1970; Uemura and Yamada, 1988. Japan I 54 2 Seikoshi 34 54 02N 34.9005555555556 138 49 27E 138.824166666667 Ag, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 11.1 g/t Au, 355 g/t Ag. Production of 16.3 tonnes Au, 523 tonnes Ag, 1,460,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. Deposit consists of fourmain vein systems. Main vein is 1,000 m long and with averrage width of 3.5 m. Host rock is Miocene-Pliocene andesite, and andesite tuff. Deposit minerals are electrum, (Au50-60%), argentite, stephanite, pyrargyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, spahlerite and galena. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, inesite, clay minerals and calcite. Alteration of wallrock is relatively weark, but include silica alteration. K-Ar isotopic ages of afularia are 1.83 +/-0.32 Ma and 1.36 +/-0.33 Ma. Mining started from 1931. Mine closed in 1987 Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994a. Japan I 54 3 Mochikoshi 34 52 55N 34.8819444444444 138 52 08E 138.868888888889 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 6.4 g/t Au, 136 g/t Ag. Production of 763,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of a NW-striking vein. The vein is 1,900 m long and average width of 3 m. Host rock is Miocene andesite, and andesite tuff. Deposit minerals are electrum, native silver, argentite and pyrargyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia and calcite. Wallrocks exhibit quartz, chlorite, calcite, sericite and kaolinite alterations. Deposit was discovered in 1932. Mining stopped in 1952. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994a. Japan I 54 4 Toi 34 53 48N 34.8966666666667 138 48 11E 138.803055555556 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 9.5 g/t Au, 74 g/t Ag. Production of 18.3 tonnes Au, 248 tonnes Ag from 1,360,500 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of more than twenty NW-striking veins. Main vein is 2,000 m long and with averrage width of 1 m. Veins occur in a area 1 km (EW) by 2 km (NS). Host rock is Miocene-Pliocene andesite, and andesite tuff. Deposit minerals are stephanite, pyrargyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, and calcite. Wallrocks are altered to quartz, chlorite, calcite and sericite. Mining started from 1577. Mine closed in 1965 Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1999a. Japan J 49 1 Yixingzai, Fanshi, Shanxi Province 39 22 15N 39.3708333333333 113 48 00E 113.8 Au Ag Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal metasomatite Medium Average grade of 9.36 g/t Au. Reserves of 7.32 tonnes Au. Yanshan The basement rocks in the mine and in the area are metamorphic sequences of the Archean Wutai, Shizhui, Zhuangwang groups and the Archean Hengshan Complex. Mesozoic moderate-felsic igneous rocks intruded the area as small, varied shaped, hypabyssal intrusions accompanied by varied dykes and explosive pipes. 15 veined zones, consisting of altered fault breccias and filled gold-bearing base metallic quartz veins, have been recognized in the area. The ore bodies are usually vein-, cake- and plate- shaped are controlled by shear-fault zones strictly. Five ore types have been classified: sulphide barren-quartz vein; pyrite- quartz vein; base metallic sulphide vein; altered host rocks with disseminates and veinlets and oxidized ores. The ores are of idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic, xenomorphic-irregularly grained and fractured and crashed breccia textures and of massive, veined, banded and veinlet and stockwork structures. The following 8 mineralization stages have been divided: skarn; quartz specularite; quartz-molybdenite; gold-base metallic sulphide; quartz-sulphide-barren; quartz-sulphide-rich; base metallic sulphide-calcite-quartz and sulphate stages. Among 8 stages of mineralization, 5-8 stages are most important for gold and silver mineralization in the deposit. Alteration found in the deposit include alteration to skarn, potassic alteration, silicification, albitization, sericitization, alterations to adularia, dolomite and barite. The forming temperature for gold mineralization is estimated at about1km and temperature at 300-200­‘. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995. China J 49 10 Guopanliang, Baode County, Shanxi Province 38 45 10N 38.7527777777778 111 10 15E 111.170833333333 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 58.22% Al2O3. Reserves of 83.44 million tonnes ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted in the basal part of the Benxi Formation of Carboniferous age. The sedimentary sequence hosting the deposit is clay shale, ferrous claystone, bauxite, limonite, bauxite, bauxite shale, and claystone. There one ore mineral layer averages 2.98 m thick. The ore minerals are mainly monohydrate (60-80%), clay minerals (10-30%), chlorite (10%), and other trace minerals, such as zircon, tourmaline, barite, hornblende, pyrite, galena, anatase, and rutile. The ore minerals occur in masses and have oolitic and fragmental textures. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997. China J 49 11 Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 38 02 00N 38.0333333333333 112 30 00E 112.5 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Large Not available. Jinzhong Consists of gypsum-bearing strata in evaporate rock in the Early Ordovician Majiagou Formation. The gypsum-bearing strata range from 118 to 207 m thick. The strata are divided into the following members: (1) lower limestone; (2) lower gypsum; (3) middle limestone; (4) upper gypsum; (5) interbedded dolomite and limestone; and (6) upper limestone. Ten layers of gypsum occur, with nine in the upper gypsum member and one in the lower gypsum member. The average thickness of each layer is 1.0 to 2.49 m. Generally, where the gypsum member is thicker, the thickness of gypsum layer is correspondingly larger. The gypsum layers occur continuously along strike for several thousand m and extend downdip to more than 1000 m. Some laminated and banded gypsum layers frequently contain halite pseudomorphs and mud cracks. However, most gypsum layers consist of crystalloblastic, coarse-grained gypsum replacing anhydrite. Deposit is interpreted as evaporate layers that formed in a tidal zone. Yuan, Jianqi, and Cai, Keqin, 1994. China J 49 12 Yuanjiachun, Shanxi Province 38 15 10N 38.2527777777778 111 27 48E 111.463333333333 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Average grade of 32.37% Fe. Reserves of 895 million tonnes Fe ore. Luliangshan Consists of bedded and stratiform Fe deposits that are concordant to host rock that consist of clastic rock, mudstone, carbonate rock and minor volcanic rock that is metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The Fe beds strike NS for several to more than ten km and are 300 m thick. Deposit minerals are mainly oxides and consist of specularite, hematite, magnetite, quartz, cummingtonite and stilpnomelane. Deposit minerals occur in silicate and carbonate rock with laminated and stripped structures. Host rock is part of the Paleoproterozoic Luliang Group. Original sedimentary environment interpreted as a second-order basin in a rift zone along a craton margin. Deposit is similar to Superior Lake Fe deposits. Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984a, b. China J 49 13 Sitou, Shaxi Province 38 03 05N 38.0513888888889 111 27 10E 111.452777777778 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Large Luliangshan Consists of bedded and stratiform bodies that are concordant to host chlorite schist, phyllite and marble. The deposit minerals are composed mainly of hematite, magnetite, siderite and quartz, cummingtonite and stilpnomelane. Magnetite and hematite are very fine-grained. The deposit minerals are mainly laminated and banded. The host strata are the Paleoproterozoic Luliang Group, are a sequence of cataclasitc rock-carbonate rock metamorphosed to greenschist facies. The Fe formations are interpreted as forming in a limited shallow basin of the Proterozoic rift at the margin of the North China Craton. Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984a, b. China J 49 14 Lingshi, Shanxi Province 37 13 00N 37.2166666666667 112 07 00E 112.116666666667 gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Large Not available. Jinzhong Consists of two gypsum-bearing horizons occuring in Middle Ordovician sedimentary rock. The lower gypsum horizon is mainly breccia-bearing marlite intercalated with gypsum, 22-40 m thick. The upper gypsum horizon consists of gypsum, anhydrite, dolostone, marlite and breccia-bearing marlite, and range from 36-73 m thick. Between the two gypsum horizons is a layer of limestone of 14 m thick. The controlled part of the body is 2000 m long. The deposit minerals are snow gypsum, anhydrite, mudy gypsum, and dolomitic gypsum. Tao, Weiping, 1994. China J 49 15 Shigong, Xiaoyi, Shanxi Province 37 20 10N 37.3361111111111 111 29 52E 111.497777777778 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 66.26% Al2O3, 11.83% SiO2, 2.18% Fe2O3. Reserves of 26.77 million tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation that occurs on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Middle Ordovician Fengfeng Formation. The bodies are stratiform and lenticular and are usually 2300 m long and 1400 m wide, 3.7 m thick. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of the Xihedi deposit in same area. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen, Peng, Xiaolei and Xu, Lijie, 1997. China J 49 16 Xiangwang, Xiaoyi, Shanxi Province 37 20 10N 37.3361111111111 111 29 50E 111.497222222222 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 59% Al2O3, 11% SiO2, 2% Fe2O3. Reserves of 49.39 million tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation that occurs on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician. The bodies are stratiform and lensoid and are usually 1200-2500 m long and 400-1800 m wide, 3.39 m thick. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of the Xihedi deposit in same area. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997. China J 49 17 Re'er, Shanxi Province 37 20 10N 37.3361111111111 111 29 20E 111.488888888889 Al Be Sedimentary bauxite Large Average grade of 64.43% Al2O3. Reserves of 62,656 thousand tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Consists of stratiform and lenticular bodies up to 1800 m long and 400 m wide. The thickness of a bauxite layer is 0.5-11.7 m thick. The host sequence from the bottom to the top consists of sedimentary Fe deposit (hematite), allite?, bauxite, refractory clay deposit, clay shale, carbonaceous shale and coal seams. The sequence is 8-20 m thick, belonging to the lower member of the Benxi Formation. The underlying strata is the Mid-Ordovician limestone. The lower boundary of the bauxite layer is 2-5 m from the ancient weathering surface of the Ordovician limestone. In the mine, the strata are monoclinal with a dip angle of 3-5 o. Oblique bedding occur in deposit minerals that occur in masses and in oolites. The minerals in the bauxite are mainly diaspore (98%), occasionally gibbsite (5-7%). Minor minerals are kaolinite, dickite, hydromica and extremely minor amounts of zircon, oysanite, tourmaline, quartz and barite. Below the bauxite layer is a hematite-bearing claystone, hematite-bearing clay shale intercalated frequently with limonite lenses. The horizon is corresponding to the Shanxi type of Fe deposits in North China Platform. The bauxite probably formed by allochthonous accumulation during weathering on a weathering crust of carbonate rock. In Carbonaceous-Permian system of the North China Platform, there are 7 layers of bauxite. Among the 7 bauxite layers, the G layer in the Late Carbonaceous Benxi Formation is most widely distributed. Liao, Shifan and others, 1994; Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Chen, Ping and others, 1997. China J 49 18 Xihedi, Xiaoyi, Shanxi Province 37 20 10N 37.3361111111111 111 29 10E 111.486111111111 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 67.24% Al2O3, 10.5% SiO2, 3.37% Fe2O3. Reserves of 46.39 million tonnes. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation occuring on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician. The bodies have a clear cut boundary with their hanging wall and footwall. The footwallrock is mostly ferrous and aluminous rock whereas the hanging wallrock is mostly hard refractary clay, clay rock, clay shale. The host sequence consists mainly of Fe and Al-rich sedimentary rock. The bodies are bedded and the thickness and shape are controlled by the paleo-erosion surface on the limestone. The main deposit mineral textures are rough, oolitic and fragmental and minor pisolitic and oolitic. The deposit mineral structures are mainly massive, locally laminated and hollow structures can be seen. The rough ore is the best. More than 20 mineral species occur in bauxite. The most important one is monohydrate that comprises 35-90% the deposit. Kaolinite comprises 5-40% (average of 20%). Other minerals are dickite, hematite, anatase, leucoxene, limonite, zircon, rutile and tourmaline. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwenand others, 1997. China J 49 19 Duchun, Xiaoyi, Shanxi Province 37 19 20N 37.3222222222222 111 30 10E 111.502777777778 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 65.82% Al2O3. Reserves of 33.43 million tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Hosted in lower part of the Benxi Formation of Middle Carboniferous age, and occurs on an erosion surface of limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician age. The bodies are stratiform and lentoid. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of the Xihedi deposit in same area. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995. China J 49 2 Baizhiyan, Shanxi Province 39 05 10N 39.0861111111111 113 46 05E 113.768055555556 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 33.31% Fe, 0.26% S, and 0.06% P. Reserves of 179.7 million tonnes ore. Wutai Consists of several stratiform layers that are concordant to the host amphibolite, mica schist and gneiss. Individual Fe layers are 30 to 50 m thick and range up to 3 to 5 km long. The ores are mainly banded and are composed of an oxide facies (magnetite and quartz), a silicate facies (magnetite, quartz, and grunerite), and a carbonate facies (siderite, ferrodolomite, and other minerals). The host units are part of the Late Archean Wutai Group that is derived from mafic and felsic volcanic rock, sedimentary rock, and canbyite formation in a greenstone belt regionally metamorphosed to greenschist facies. In the area of the deposit is a group of similar, moderate to large Fe deposits that occur in a northeast-trending belt. Shen Baofeng and others, 1994. China J 49 20 Yangjiashan, Lishi County, Shanxi Province 37 10 00N 37.1666666666667 111 20 05E 111.334722222222 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 62.15% Al2O3, 14.17% SiO2, 2.74% Fe2O3. Resources of 17.42 million tonnes ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation occuring on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician. The bodies are bedded and lenticular. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of the bauxite in the area. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997. China J 49 21 Xiangyi, Jiaokou County, Shanxi Province 37 08 10N 37.1361111111111 111 20 05E 111.334722222222 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 65.52% Al2O3, 14.03% SiO2, 6.87% Fe2O3. Resources of 31.3 million tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation, occuring on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician. The bodies are stratiform and lenticular. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of the bauxite deposits in the area. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997. China J 49 22 Ke'er, Shanxi Province 37 20 10N 37.3361111111111 111 29 20E 111.488888888889 Al Be Sedimentary bauxite Large Average grade of 64.43% Al2O3. Reserves of 62,656 thousand tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Consists of stratiform and lenticular layers that range up to 1800 m long and 400 m wide. Individual bauxite layers range from 0.5 to 11.7 m thick. From bottom to the top, the host rock consists of a volcanic and sedimentary Fe deposit (hematite), allite, bauxite, refractory clay, shale, carbonaceous shale, and coal seams. The sequence is 8 to 20 m thick and occurs in the lower member of the Benxi Formation. The underlying strata are Middle Ordovician limestone. The lower boundary of the bauxite layer is 2 to 5 m above an ancient weathering-surface of the Ordovician limestone. In the mine, the strata are monoclinal and dip gently at 3 to 5ø. Oblique bedding occurs in the ore minerals that are massive to oolitic. The ore minerals are mainly diaspore (98%) and local gibbsite (5 to 7%). Minor minerals are kaolinite, dickite, and hydromica, and rare zircon, oysanite, tourmaline, quartz, and barite. Below the bauxite layer is hematite claystone and hematite shale, and local abundant intercalated limonite lenses. The bauxite probably formed during allochthonous surface accumulation on a weathering crust of carbonate, and not by mechanical sedimentation. The Carbonaceous and Permian units of the North China Platform contain seven bauxite layers. The layer in the Late Carboniferous Benxi Formation is the most extensive. Liao Shifan and others, 1994; Editorial Committee, Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, Shanxi volume, 1995; Chen Ping and others, 1997. China J 49 23 Shanyangping, Daixian County,Shanxi Province 39 09 05 N 39.1513888888889 113 20 10 E 113.336111111111 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 30.1% Fe, 45.1% SiO2, 0.12% SiO2, 0.059% P. Reserves of 763 million tonnes Fe ore. Wutai Deposit is hosted in the top of the Wenxi Formation of the Shizhui Subgroup of the Archean Wutai Group. The main lithology of the mine district consist of mainly chlorite schist, intercalated with magnetite quartzite, sericite schist and chlorite amphibole schist. The mine district is featured by a overturned syncline. Its axis has been worn away, so the two limbs of the syncline form the two mining areas.There are three Fe layers, but the upper layer is the major one. In this layer, the bodies are stratiform and are large scale. The bodies at the middle and lower layers are stratiform and lenticular and their scale is relatively small. Primary deposit minerals are mainly magnetite and Mg-siderite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite and commingtonite. Other minor minerals are hematite, pseudomorph of magnetite, Fe-dolomite, Fe-calcite, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, hornblend, actinolite, bitotite, albite, muscovite, garnet, zircon and epidote. The deposit minerals display mainly of xenomorphic or idiomorphic textures and local metasomatic textures. The typical deposit mineral structure is banded. Li Feng, 1993. China J 49 3 Jingangku, Shaxi Province 39 00 03N 39.0008333333333 113 48 05E 113.801388888889 S Cu Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Medium size. Witai Consists of stratiform, bedded, and lenses that are concordant to the schistosity of host BIF, mica schist, and gneiss. The largest body extends along strike up to 1000 m. The ore minerals occur in layer and masses, and are pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, magnetite, and siderite. The gangue minerals are quartz, biotite, amphibole, and garnet. Pyrite occurs locally in 2-3 mm, subhedral crystals. The host strata is a Late Archean volcanic-sedimentary sequence metamorphosed to amphibolite facies and trends NS to NNS. Pyrite belt is more than 40 km long and containg a series of moderate and small deposits. Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984a, b. China J 49 4 Yangchaoping, Daixian County, Shanxi Province 39 09 05N 39.1513888888889 113 20 10E 113.336111111111 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 30.1% Fe, 45.19% SiO2, 0.12% S, 0.059% P. Reserves of 763 million tonnes Fe ore. Wutain Deposit is hosted in the top of the Wenxi Formation of the Shizhui Subgroup of the Archean Wutai Group. The main lithology of the mine district consist of mainly chlorite schist, intercalated with magnetite quartzite, sericite schist, chlorite amphibole schist. The mine district is featured by a overturned syncline. Its axis has been worn away, so the two limbs of the syncline form the two mining areas.There are three Fe layers, but the upper layer is the major one. In this layer, the bodies are stratiform and large. The bodies at the middle and lower layers are stratiform and lenticular and their scale is relatively small. The mineralogy of the Fe minerals is relatively complicated. Primary deposit minerals are magnetite and Mg siderite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite and commingtonite. Other minor minerals are hematite, pseudomorph of magnetite, Fe-dolomite, Fe-calcite, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, hornblend, actinolite, bitotite, albite, muscovite, garnet, zircon and epidote. The deposit minerals display mainly of xenomorphic or idiomorphic textures and local metasomatic textures. The typical deposit mineral structure is banded. Lin, Feng, 1993. China J 49 5 Tianqiao, Baode County, Shanxi Province 39 07 15N 39.1208333333333 111 14 30E 111.241666666667 Al Ga Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 58.33% Al2O3, 8.83% SiO2, 13.75% Fe2O3, 2.49% TiO2, 0.59% CaO, 0.008% Ga. Reserves of .50.55 million tonnes Al ore. Resources of 44.71 million tonnes Al203. Shanxi Occurs is the lower part of the Late Carboniferous Benxi Formation. The host sequence is controlled strictly by paleo-erosion surface of the basal Ordovician limestone. The thickness of the bauxite is greater in the concave part of sedimentary basin and is thin at convex part. The bodies are 0.6-5.6 m thick, average at 2 m thick. The deposit mineral textures are pisolitic and oolitic-fragmental, sandy(rough), crytocrystal(densely) and colloform. Whereas pisolitic and oolitic-fragmental bauxite ore predominates, sandy bauxite is the best. The deposit minerals are mainly monohydrate. Other minerals include kaolinite, hematite, goethite, chlorite, anatase, galena, pyrite, zircon, tourmaline and hornblende. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997. China J 49 6 Hulishan, Shanxi Province 38 28 00N 38.4666666666667 112 28 00E 112.466666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Luliangshan Occurs in an intensely deformed zone that consists of isoclinial folds in metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rock of the Wutai Group and metamorphosed conglomerate of the Hutuo Group. Deposit occurs in bands, veinlets, disseminations, and stockworks. Bands consist of quartz, sericite, limonite, and sulphide minerals. Gold occurs along schistosity as disseminations and streaks. Disseminations, veinlets, and stockworks contain mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. Ore minerals are Au, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, and native Pb, and minor galena and bornite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, calcite, siderite, and Fe-dolomite, and minor apatite, tourmaline, corundum, amphibole, and fluorite. Gold mostly occurs in quartz and limonite or between the two minerals. Au fineness is high (Au+Ag is greater than 98%). Proximal alteration consists of silica, sericite, chlorite, carbonate, and pyrite alterations. Deposit is interpreted as forming in the late evolution of an Archean greenstone belt that has a Pb-Pb isotopic age of 2230ñ130 Ma. Deposit interpreted as forming during shearing and deformation. Chang, Xiangyang, and Tian, Rongqing, 1998. China J 49 7 Baiquan, Yangquan, Shanxi Province 38 00 10 N 38.0027777777778 113 42 05 E 113.701388888889 Al Ga, Be Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 62.7% Al2O3. Reserves of 30.32 million tonnes ore. Shanxi Occurs in the basal clay rocks of the Middle Carboniferous Period on the erosion surface of the Ordovician Period. Below it is the iron deposit of the "Shanxi Type". There are only one horizon of bauxite ores. The ores could be divided into three natural types: Densely massive, white pisolitic-oolitic and black pisolitic-oolitic. The ore bed is generally horizontal, with a dip angle less than 15. The bed is controlled by the erosion surface. The thickness of the ore bed is between 0.45-8.5, averaged at 1.5-2.5m. The minerals of the bauxite ores include mainly monohydrate and halloysite. Trace minerals include gibbsite, geothite, limonite, colloform aluminium ore, quartz and grains of metallic minerals. The main ore are pisolitic and oolitic in texture, densely massive in structure. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997. China J 49 8 Taihushi, Yangquan County, Shanxi Province 37 57 40N 37.9611111111111 113 41 15E 113.6875 Al Sedimentary bauxite Small Average grade of 63.77% Al2O3, 12.9% SiO2, 1.6% Fe2O3. Reserves of 8.2 million tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation that occurs on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician. The bodies are bedded and are 2200 m long, 2000 m wide and 2.5 m thick. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of the bauxite in the area. Lu, Jingwen and others, 1997; Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995. China J 49 9 Qianmuping, Yangquan County, Shanxi Province 37 58 15N 37.9708333333333 113 35 05E 113.584722222222 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Average grade of 59.14% Al2O3, 16.56% SiO2, 3.58% Fe2O3. Reserves of 17.88 million tonnes Al ore. Shanxi Deposit is hosted at the lower part of the Middle Carboniferous Benxi Formation occuring on an erosion surface of the limestone of the Fengfeng Formation of Middle Ordovician. The bodies are stratiform and lenticular. The geological features of the deposit are similar to those of other bauxite deposits in the area. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1995; Lu, Jingwen, Peng, Xiaolei and Xu, Lijie, 1997. China J 50 1 Sijiaying, Hebei Province 39 40 30N 39.675 118 45 25E 118.756944444444 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 30% Fe, locally 50% Fe. Reserves of 2,200 million tonnes Fe ore. Jidong Consists of multiple stratiform deposits in host rock of biotite microgneiss, K-feldspar microgneiss and minor intercalated amphibolite, quartzite and marble. Deposit occurs in a gently-dipping anticline and syncline. Fe minerals are mainly laminated, minorly banded and massive and are composed of fine-grained magnetite and quartz. Some parts of the deposit are composed of hematite, with minor actinolite, tremolite, amphibole and sulphides. The host strata are Archean amphibolite facies metamorphic derived from mafic volcanic lava, felsic volcanic graywacke, felsic volcanic graywacke and carbonates that formed in a deep marine basin. The BIF belt is 25 km long and trends NS. Zhang, and others, 1986; Wu, Huikang, 1993; Wu Jiashan and others, 1998. China J 50 10 Xishimen, Wu'an, Hebei Province 36 48 58N 36.8161111111111 114 13 59E 114.233055555556 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 600 million tonnes Hanxing Consists of stratiform bodies at the contact zone between the Jurassic and Cretaceous monzonite intrusion and the Mid-Ordovician limestone. At the contact zone, varied alteration to albite, diopside skarn, phlogopite and serpentine occurs with formation of massive deposit minerals, including magnetite, pyrite, diopside, phlogopite, serpentine, chlorite, calcite and muscovite. Deposit is one of series of skarn Fe deposits in the Wu'an area, southern Taihang Mountains. The geological setting and features of the deposit are similar to other Fe deposits in the area, such as the Zhongguan Fe deposit. Li, Xian, 1993. China J 50 11 Zhongguan, Wu'an, Hebei Province 36 48 15N 36.8041666666667 114 07 05E 114.118055555556 Fe Cu Co Fe skarn Large Average grade of 46% Fe. Hanxing Occurs in irregular bodies and lenses. The main deposit occurs at the contact zone between a Cretaceous diorite intrusion and Middle Ordovician limestone. Some skarn occurs in the limestone in the external contact zone and consist of diopside skarn, diopside-tremolite skarn and phlogopite skarn. Along the internal contact zone are scapolite, albite, diopside and phlogopite skarn. Intense metasomatism resulted in formation of scapolite skarn, diopside-albite metasomaitic rock and albite metasomatic rock. The metasomatic zoning consists of: (1) diorite and diopside-albite-altered diorite; (2) diopside-albite skarn or albite metasomatic rock; and (3) diopside skarn overprinted by magnetite; and (4) marble. Fe sulfides correlate with intensity of albite alteration. The deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations and layers and are magnetite, martite, specularite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcocite. The gangue minerals are mainly diopside, tremolite, actinolite, phlogopite, serpentine, garnet, dolomite and chlorite. Magnetite replaces diopside, formed simultaneously with tremolite, actinolite and phlogopite and is replaced by pyrite and other sulphides. Deposit occurs in the southern Taihang Mountains with a group of smaller, similar deposits. Cheng, Yuqi and others, 1994. China J 50 2 Dawan, Laiyuan County, Hebei Province 39 18 40N 39.3111111111111 115 07 40E 115.127777777778 Mo Zn, Cu, Au Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Average grade of 0.117% Mo, 2.52% Pb, 4.57% Zn. Reserves of 818,400 tonnes Zn. Yanshan The strata exposed in the mine include the biotite plagioclase gneiss of the Banyukou Foramtion of the Archean Wutai Group and chert-banded dolostone of the Gaoyuzhuang and Wumishan Formations of the Mid-Upper Proterozoic. Quartz diorite, granite(147Ma), monzonite, granite porphyry, rhyolite porphyry (142Ma), corase grained porphyritic granite, alaskite and varied felsic dykes have intruded the strata. There are two types of mineralizations in the deposit: porphyry and skarn. Three types of ore bodies, based on commodities in the ores, have been classified: (1) Zn ore bodies: controlled by the contact zone structures, occuring in stratiform, lenticular and veined forms in serpentinized dolostone and marblized dolostone in the external contact zone, formed by replacement and belonging to skarn type of mineralization. (2) Mo ore bodies: occuring in the rhyolite porphyry and their host rocks, controlled by porphyry and their altered zone and including mineralization of porphyry Mo, skarn Mo and veined Mo in gneiss. (3) Ag ore bodies: controlled by contact zones and faults, occuring in the external contact zone, being in pocket, veined, lenticular forms and in close association with skarn Zn and Mo. The mineralogy of the ores are very complicated, including metallic sulphides, skarn, altered and hydrothermal minerals. The mineralization zoning is apparent in the deposit, with Mo being concentrated in the core, Zn at the inner contact zone and Ag at external contact zone. Ma Guoxi, 1995. China J 50 3 Pingxingguan, Shanxi Province 39 19 00N 39.3166666666667 114 07 10E 114.119444444444 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Grade of 20-40% Fe, up to 50.32% Fe. Average grade of 31.72% SiO2, 40-50% S, 0.177% P. Reserves of 130 million tonnes Fe ore. Wutai Deposit is related to the metamorphic rock of the Wenyu Formation of the Archean Wutai Group. The formation contains two members. The upper member consists of quartz amphibolite and minor chlorite amphibolite, biotite amphibolite and banded Fe formations. The lower member consists of migmatized granitoid gneiss and amphibolite. The formation is a sequence of volcanic-sedimentation. The mining area is 18 km long EW, 5 km and wider in NS direction. Two submining area are divided and in each submining area, there are three Fe horizons, each of that contain three Fe beds. Both horizons and beds occur in migmatite as relict inclusions. The bodies are stratiform or lenticular. The deposit minerals are mainly magnetite and maghematite, secondly martite, limonite and others. Gangue minerals are quartz, amphibole, chlorite, mica, garnet and carbonate minerals and minor pyrite and chalcopyrite. The deposit minerals exhibit idiomorphic, hypidiomorphic and xenomorphic granular textures, some metasomatic, inclusive and fracture textures. The deposit minerals occur mainly in bands and in lesser laminae, masses and breccia. Some masses are rich, others are lean. Lin, Feng, and Zhang, Xuan, 1993. China J 50 4 Tuling-Shihu, Lishou, Hebei Province 38 40 05N 38.6680555555556 114 09 03E 114.150833333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Hosted in metamorphic rock of the Tuanpokou Formation and Nianying Formation of the Archean Fuping Group that are derived from shallow marine carbonate-clastic sedimentary rock. Magmatic rock outcropped in the area belong to the Mesozoic Mapeng Intrusion. Gold minerals are strictly controlled by faults occuring to the SE and S sides of the Mapeng Intrusion, The gold veins trend NS, NW and NNE with a strike lenghth from several tens to even a thousand m and with a width from several tens of centim to a few m. There are three types: quartz vein, altered rock and transitional one. Deposit minerals include pyrite, galena, shpalerite and minor chalcopyrite. Alterations consist of silica, sericite, chlorite and carbonate alteration. Deposit is magmatic hydrothermal. Hah, Jinchao ,1996. China J 50 5 Jinling, Shandong Province 36 51 18N 36.855 118 07 05E 118.118055555556 Fe Cu, Co,Au and Ag Fe-Zn skarn Large Grade of 51% Fe, 0.1-3.0% S, 0.02-0.05% P, 0.05-0.512% Cu, 0.01-0.23% Co. Reserves of 166.1 million tonnes Fe ore, 38,177 tonnes, Cu and 5,321 tonnes Co. Laiwu Hosted in Ordovician through Carboniferous limestone and shale that are intruded by plutons of the Jinling Complex. The plutonic rocks include mafic porphyritic gabbro, diorite, intermediate to mafic biotite diorite, hornblende diorite, pyroxene diorite, intermediate to alkalic diorite, and varous dikes (quartz syenite, pegmatite, lamprophyre, and diabase). Deposit occurs in the contact zone between carbonate rock and plutons of the Jinling Complex and are mostly lenticular. The ore mineral is mainly magnetite with minor pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite, and trace hematite, limonite, pseudomorphs of hematite, chalcocite, and marcasite. Gangue minerals are diopside, calcite, serpentine, tremolite, garnet, phylogopite, chlorite, epidote, feldspar, quartz, sericite, actinolite, scapolite, biotite, fluorite, sphene, gypsum, and apatite. The ore mineral textures are xenomorphic-hypidiomorphic, secondly idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic granular, and metasomatic relics. Ore minerals occur mainly in masses and secondarily in disseminations. Alteration is very intense and external, and contact and internal alteration zones occur. The internal zone contains Na and K alteration and is several m to several tens of m wide. The contact zone contains skarn and magnetite deposits that range from 5 to 50 m wide. The external zone consists of marble, partly-metasomatized marble, skarn with marble, hornfels and metamorphosed sandstone. Deposit is interpreted as a WñMoñBe skarn that formed during the Yanshan orogeny. Related granitoids have a K-Ar isotopic age of 110 to 128 Ma. Tang, Xianqing, 1993. China J 50 6 Zihe (Heiwang), Shandong Province 36 44 40N 36.7444444444444 118 13 10E 118.219444444444 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 39.04% Fe, 0.046% S. Reserves of 39.8 million tonnes Fe ore. Laiwu Hosted in limestone of the Late Cambrian Fengshan Formation and the Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation. Sills of gabbro, diorite and lamprophyre intrude the limestone. The bodies are stratiform mainly, secondly lenticular, pocket and veined. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is relatively simple. Deposit minerals are mainly limonite, secondary goethite and minor hematite, specularite and pyrolusite, Gangue minerals are calcite and barite. The deposit mineral textures are mainly fine-grained, colloid and earthy and the deposit mineral occur in masses, honeycombs and stockwork. Alteration is weak and only in some bodies and loccally alteration to hematite, limonite, carbonate minerals, barnite, pyrite and silica alteration and recrystallization of limestone occur. Limonitization are widely spread. It is generally accepted that the deposit belongs to low to moderate temperature hydrothermal metasomatic-filling deposit. Other ideas include hydrothermal-sedimentary stratabound origin, underground cool water, polygenetic processes of sedimentation-reworking-weathering and leaching. Tang, Xianqing,1993. China J 50 7 Zibe, Shandong Province 36 45 00N 36.75 118 05 00E 118.083333333333 Al Sedimentary bauxite Small Average grade of 54.93% Al2O3, 17.21% SiO2, 11.36% Fe2O3. Resources of 2.94 million tonnes Al ore. Zibe 1 Consists of stratiform and lenticular shaped bodies of bauxite occurring in the upper part of the first member of the Nianning Formation of the Late Permian, belonging to "A" layer bauxite. There are three layers in the first member. The first layer is grey fine muddy sandstone, the second layer is the main deposit layer and is 5.6-10.7 m thick. The third layer is dark grey to purple mudrock. The bodies are 300-1000 m long, 160-1000 m wide. The deposit minerals are finely crystalline and colliform diasporite and kaolinite, siderite. Typical deposit mineral textures are oolitic and pisolitic. Xiang, Renjie, 1999. China J 50 8 Xishimen, Wuan, Hebei Province 36 56 05N 36.9347222222222 114 13 55E 114.231944444444 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 43.26% Fe, 0.061% Co, 0.17% Cu, 0.005% Ni, 0.0012% Ga, 0.85% S, 0.03% P. Reserves of 102 million tonnes Fe ore. Hanxing Deposit is hosted in the contact zone of varied limestone of the Fengfeng Formation and the Ordovician Majiagao Formation and diorite and monzonite intrusions of the Yanshan Orogeny dated at 124-129 Ma. by K-Ar method. Main deposit-controlling structures include the contact zone and folds in the strata. The bodies located at the contact zone are large in scale and are stratiform. The bodies hosted in limestone and in intrusion above and beneath the contact zone are small and are generally lensoid. The deposit minerals are mainly magnetite, secondly martite, pyrtie, chalcopyrite and trace amount of speclarite, pyrrhotite, bornite and chalcocite. Gangue minerals are diopside, tremolite, phlogopite, actinolite, chlorite, epidote, calcite, garnet, quartz and feldspar. The deposit mineral textures are mainly xenomorphic, secondly metasomatic relict, skeleton textures. Idiomorphic-hypidomorphic, replacement and graphic textures rarely occur. The deposit mineral structures are mainly masses, bands and disseminatins. Minor honey comb, earthy, breccia, taxitic and zoned structures also occur. Alteration is intense and alteration minerals are diopside, tremolite, phlogopite, chlorite, scarpolite, epidote and sericite. Seven alteration zones, more than 100 m wide, occur in the contact zone. Cheng, Yuqi and others, 1994. China J 50 9 Yushiwa, Wuan, Hebei Province 36 55 05N 36.9180555555556 114 14 00E 114.233333333333 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 43.28% TFe, 0.0105% Co, 0.0207% Cu, 1.037% S 0.035% P. Reserves of 22.86 million tonnes Fe ore. Hanxing Cccurs at the contact zone between the carbonate rock of the Fengfeng Formation and the Ordovician Majiagou Formation and Mesozoic diorite and monzonite intrusions dated at 126 Ma. There are 16 Fe bodies. They are stratiform and lensoid in form. The deposit minerals are mainly magnetite and pseudomorphs of hematite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are diopside, tremolite, actinolite, serpentine, chlorite and calcite. The deposit mineral textures include idiomorphic, hypidiomorphic-xenomorphic granular textures and minor metasomatic replacement and skeletal textures. The deposit minerals occur in disseminations, masses, bands and local breccia and honey comb. Alterations are very intense and alteration minerals are diopside, tremolite, chlorite, actinolite, sericite and serpentine. Alteration zoning occurs. Lin, Feng, 1993. China J 51 1 Huatong, Liaoning Province 39 56 00N 39.9333333333333 122 05 00E 122.083333333333 Cu Au Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Not available. Jiliaolu Occurs at the contact zone between the marble in the Paleoproterozoic Dashiqiao Formation and a giant porphyritic granite. Both magnesian and calcic skarn occurs. Sulphides occur mainly in calcic skarn but overprint both skarn types. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrrhopyrite, and pyrite. Minor and trace minerals are ludwigite, molybdenite, scheelite, chalcocite, bornite, galena, gold, and arsenopyrite. Gangue minerals are skarn minerals, talc, and wollastonite. Deposit shape is very complicated and is controlled by the shape of the intrusion, lithology of host rock, and fissures in the host rock. Gold occurs in both skarn types and may comprise a separate resource. Deng, Guoquan, and Jia, Dacheng, 1994. China J 51 10 Sanshandao, Shandong Province 37 31 04N 37.5177777777778 120 05 05E 120.084722222222 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 6.13 g/t Au. Reserves of 59 tonnes Au. Jiliaolu Consists of stockwork more than 10 m thick, 1000 m long, several hundred m along the dip. The body is controlled by NE-trending faults. The deposit minerals occur in a veinlet-stockwork and are composed of electrum, native gold, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite and quartz and sericite. The host rock alteration include silica alteration, sericite alteration and pyrite alteration and local alteration to K feldspar. Four deposition stages, that is the stages of pyrite-quartz, of quartz-fine pyrite, of quartz-base metallic sulphides and of quartz-carbonates, are recognized. The gold deposition temperature is about 350-230ø C and is related to the Cretaceous granite (with a K-Ar isotopic age of 126-137 Ma). Liu, Jianjun, 1990. China J 51 11 Jiaojia, Shandong Province 37 21 20N 37.3555555555556 120 13 09E 120.219166666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Reserves of 60 tonnes ore grading: 5-8 g/t Au. Jiliaolu Consists of tabular zones in the Mesozoic Yanshanian Linglong granite that intrudes gneiss and amphibolite of the Archean Jiaodong Group. Pyrite is the dominant ore mineral with lesser chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, gold, and electrum. Gold occurs in altered and fractured rock in networks and disseminations. Extensive alterations are K-feldspar, sericite, silica, beresite, and carbonate alterations. Deposit is controlled by the Jiaojia-Xincheng fracture zone and the main deposit parallels the fracture. The largest part of the deposit ranges up to 800 m long and 70 m wide, with extends downdip to more than 1000 m. Four mineralizing stages occur. The mineralizing temperatures range from 150 to 450øC and pressures from 60 MPa to 120 MPa. Deposit occurs in the W part of Jiaodong Peninsula. Wei, Yongfu, and Lu, Yingjie, 1994; Sun Fengyue and others, 1995. China J 51 12 Nanshu, Shandong Province 36 59 20N 36.9888888888889 120 44 10E 120.736111111111 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Large Not available. Jiliaojiao Consists of a graphite-bearing horizon that is hosted in the Paleoproterozoic Jingshan Group in three sequences: (1) marble and amphibole-plagioclase gneiss intercalated with graphite gneiss; (2) amphibole-plagioclase intercalated with marble and graphite gneiss; and (3) marble and amphibole-plagioclase gneiss. The first and second sequences contain major graphite layers. Graphite occurs in crystalline and amorphous forms. Amorphous graphite masses are soft and massive and occur along in bedding and cleavage and is intercalated iin lenses with host rock. Crystalline graphite masses are apparently bedded, multiply layered, lenticular and concordant to host gneiss and marble. Deposits vary from 50 to 1000 m long and extend 50 to 400 m downdip. Grade and thickness are relatively constant. Main deposit mineral is graphite and gangue minerals are biotite, tremolite, quartz, microcline, plagioclase, muscovite, hypersthene, clinozoisite, garnet, apatite and sphene. Other recoverable sulphide-minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, bornite and sphalerite. Deposit exhibits gneissic, banded and granoblastic structures. Deposit mineral texture is mainly lepidoblastic. Deposit is interpreted as forming from metamorphism of organic carbon in clastic sedimentary rock that was deposited in a shallow marine environment. Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984. China J 51 2 Fuxian, Liaoning Province 39 40 05N 39.6680555555556 122 07 05E 122.118055555556 Diamond Diamond kimberlite Small Not available. East Liaoning Occurs in the Fuzhou Basin in Eastern Liaoning uplift of North China Platform. The basement rock consist of Archean granite and gneiss that is overlain by Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rock that occur in a N-NE-trending synclinorium. Kimberlite occurs along EW striking faults in the basement and the NE-striking faults in overlying rock. The major Tanlu fault zone is the main structure. Eighteen kimberlite pipes and 58 kimberlite dikes occur in an area of 28 km (EW)and 18 km wide (NS). Kimberlite pipes are complicated, irregular and are exposed in areas from 200 m2 to 41200 m2. Eight pipes are economic with an average grade is 50 mg/m3. A maximum grade of 308 mg/m3 occurs in pipe No. 50. Kimberlite dikes occur along fractures that strike N-NE and dip at 70 to 80ø. The dikes are parallel to each other and 8 intensely-carbonate-altered dikes contain diamonds. Dike no. 69 is the richest, with a grade of 327 mg/m3. Kimberlite contains 33.78% SiO2, 27.96% MgO, 1.04% K2O, 0.13% Na2O, 33.91% Al2O3, and 1.61% TiO2. The main rock-forming minerals are olivine, phlogopite, garnet, chromite, moissanite and ilmenite. The accessory minerals in kimberlite with relatively high diamond grade are rather complex and include rutile, anatase, pyrope, Cr and spinel. The diamond hardness is more thon 88,000 kg/mm2. Most diamonds are transparent and with a strong adamantine luster. Deng, Chujun and others, 1994. China J 51 3 Soyonpyong-do 37 36'30N 37.6083333333333 125 43'00E 125.716666666667 Fe,Cr,Ti Cu, Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Small Average grade of 48.8% Fe, 17.59% TiO2, 0.26% Cr. Resources of 3,880,000 tonnes ore. Gyeonggi Consists of magnetite, ilmenite, and a small quantity of hematite in a roof-pendant form developed between Precambrian mica schist, limestone, hornblende schist, and lamprophyre of unknown age. The pendant occurs above the hornblende schist formation and is concordant with the schistosity of hornblende schist. The body is seperated by a fault extending NS and the body in the W side is displaced down about 90 m. Main body hardly contains gangue minerals and is high grade titaniferous Fe. Gangue minerals are hornblende, chlorite and hercynite. Chlorite is altered from hornblende. The ore minerals generally exhibit granular texture, with a grain size of 0.0017-0.5 mm, but average grain size is 0.1 mm. Most ilmenite is fresh and does not contain other minerals, and magnetite tends to occur in parallel intergrowth with ilmenite. Ilmenite and magnetite showing granular texture can be separated, because the grain size is 0.1 mm. But the size of ilmenite grain showing parallel intergrowth in magnetite is 1-0.03 mm, so it is hard to separate ilmenite from magnetite. It is thought to be magma differentiated deposit. The average grade is Fe 50.82%, TiO2 17.75%, S 0.02%, P 0.07%. Grade of drill core is Fe 46.77%, TiO2 16.17%, Cr 0.26%, V trace. Estimated ore reserves are: East side body; 2,888,757 tonnes, West side body 991,485 tonnes and total ore reserves are 3,880,000 tonnes. Lee and others, 1965. Korea J 51 4 Xiangkuang, Shandong Province 37 33 00N 37.55 120 58 00E 120.966666666667 Pb Zn Cu Mo Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Grade of 1.14-1.89% Pb, 1.45-2.52% Zn. Reserves of 95,000 tonnes Pb,153,400 tonnes Zn. Jiliaolu Occurs in the contact zone between a granodiorite intrusion and limestone and marlite of the Later Proterozoic Xiangkuang Formation and volcanic rock of the Cretaceous. Deposit is about 600 m wide, 1700 m long and 700 deep. About 60 bodies, mainly beneath the lower contact zone of an overlying intrusion, are proven. Apparent vertical zoning is seen. The upper part of the overlying intrusion is predominantly sericite-altered granodiorite whereas the lower part K feldsparied granodiorite porphyry containing small scale and low grade Pb-Zn minerals. Farther downwards is the skarn zone, a major part for Pb-Zn minerals. Still deeper is granodiorite porphyry again containing Cu and Mo minerals and alteration to K feldspar, chlorite and sericite. In the total vertical range of the deposit, above-200 m level is the skarn Pb-Zn zone;-200---600 m level is the skarn-porphyry Cu zone and below-600 m level is porphyry Cu-Mo zone. The bodies occur in the epidote skarn zone, being concordant to altered rock and stratiform. The deposit minerals are mainly massive and disseminated and consist mainly of pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and magentite.Deposit-forming temperature is estimated at 323-364 C. Zhang, Quan, 1990. China J 51 5 Linglong, Shandong Province 37 36 05N 37.6013888888889 120 39 40E 120.661111111111 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Reserves of 70 tonnes, grade: 7-10g/t Jiliaolu Consists of veins and pods of quartz veins in the Mesozoic Yanshanian Linglong granite that intrudes Archean Jiaodong Group. Pyrite is the dominant deposit mineral whereas chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite are secondary. Quartz veins are usually 500-2000 m long and 2-15 m wide and are controlled by secondary fractures of Zhao-Ping fracture zone. Alterations are mainly K-feldspar, silica, sericite and carbonate alterations. Four mineralizing epochs occur. Deposit-forming temperatures are from 150-400ø Celsius and pressures are from 50-100 mpa. Deposit occurs in the NW part of Jiaodong peninsula, that belongs to the outer ring of the Circum-Pacific belt and a reactivated Archean craton. Wei, Yongfu and others, 1995. China J 51 6 Jiehe, Shandong Province 37 42 10N 37.7027777777778 120 20 10E 120.336111111111 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 4.77 g/t Au. Jiliaolu Deposit occurs in Linglong gneissic granite and Guojialing granodiorite and is controlled by the Wang Ershan fault. The ore bodies occur in veins and lenses with long extension downdip. The ore minerals are mainly pyrite and gold, and minor minerals are galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, sericite, calcite, and chlorite. The ore minerals occur in fillings, replacements, crush zones, disseminations, veinlets, and stockwork. Gold mainly occurs in pyrite and quartz and hasa fineness of 834-993. Alterations occur widely around gold veins, including sericite, K feldspar, and carbonate alterations. There are four depositional stages: barren quartz, pyrite-quartz, base metal sulphide, and carbonate minerals, with the second and the third stages being more important. Deposit is interpreted as granitoid-related magmatic hydrothermal Au deposit. Some meteoric water played certain role during gold precipitation. The granite and granodiorite is interpreted as Mesozoic. Yao, Fengliang and others, 1990. China J 51 7 Xincheng, Shandong Province 37 38 04N 37.6344444444444 120 20 05E 120.334722222222 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 8.22 g/t Au. Reserves of 48 tonnes Au. Jiliaolu Consists of huge stockwork bodies controlled by NE-trending faults. The deposit minerals occur in a veinlet-stockwork. The deposit minerals include pyrite, minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Gold minerals are mainly electrum and minor amounts of native gold. The grade of is constant and generally the deposit is sulphide-poor. The host rock for the deposit is granite and the alteration is mainly pyrite-beresite alteration. Gold deposition is related to Cretaceous granite. Yao, and others, 1990. China J 51 8 Jinqingding, Shandong Province 37 05 05N 37.0847222222222 121 41 10E 121.686111111111 Au Ag,Cu, Pb Granitoid-related Au vein Large Not available. Jiliaolu Consist of middle and upper Au quartz vein, and the lower veinlet and disseminated zones. Dip extension of the bodies is greater than strike lenghth. Major ore minerals are gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, quartz, sericite, and siderite, and subordinate minerals are electrum, galena, sphalerite, chlorite, and calcite. Minor minerals are pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, redruthite, bornite, Fe-dolomite, Fe-calcite, and barite. Atshallow depth, local Cu bodies occur. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena as interstitial, fissure, and inclusions. Deposition is divided into five metallogenic stages: K feldspar, sericite, quartz-pyrite, quartz-base metallic sulphide, and quartz-pyrrhotite-Fe-dolomite, with the third and fourth being the most important stages. The host rock for the gold deposit is the Gneissic Kunyushan granite. Li, Hui and others, 1998. China J 51 9 Shilipu, Shandong Province 37 22 05N 37.3680555555556 120 47 10E 120.786111111111 Ag Pb Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 300 g/t Ag. Jiliaolu Consists of irregular lensoid bodies up to several hundred m long and 1-3 m wide in a brecciated diorite porphyry. The bodies consist of altered vein-shaped blast breccia or subvolcanic bodies. The deposit minerals occur in veinlets and stockwork and are composed of native silver, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and quartz. The grade of Pb and Zn is less than the economic grade. The main host rock alteration includes silica alteration(forming the secondary quartzite) and barite alteration. Isotopic data show the deposit was related to the Cretaceous magmatic activity. Xu, Enshou and others, 1994. China J 52 1 Yangyang 38 05'00N 38.0833333333333 128 32'00E 128.533333333333 Fe REE Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Average grade of 55% Fe. Reserves of 2,020,280 tonnes ore. Taebaegsan Consists of metamorphic magnetite that is hosted in Precambrian biotite gneiss that trends N-NE to S-SW and in syenite intruding the gneiss. The W side of the syenite contains many lenticular-shaped xenoliths of calcsilicate rock, tactite and amphibolite derived from metasomatized impure limestone. Fe bodies are hosted in the syenite and are closely associated with tactite or amphibolite. Fe bodies also occur in gneiss, are irregular but generally lenticular and extend NS. Three major bodies are at Tapdong, Tomok and Nonhwa. The deposit mineral is mainly magnetite and gangue minerals are hornblende, epidote and biotite. Magnetite is commonly massive and compact, but also platy and brittle. The origin of the magnetite deposit is interpreted as a polymetamorphosed BIF deposit that is intruded by syenite. Host limestone is metamorphosed and metasomatized to calc-silicate rock. Kim and others 1959. Korea J 52 10 Chulam 37 07'30N 37.125 129 04'00E 129.066666666667 Au, Ag Pb, Zn Au skarn Small Average grade of 2.4 g/t Au, 475 g/t Ag, 1.5% Pb and 2.5% Zn. Reserves of 42,000 tonnes ore. Taebaegsan Consists of Ag bearing quartz-calcite and rhodocrosite veins containing sulfides, sulphosalts and telluride minerals hosted in the fissures of a breccia dike. The exploration areas consists of Pre-cambrian Hongjesa granite gneiss , and Myobong slate, Pungchon limestone, Hwajeol formation, and Dongjeom quartzite correlated to Yangdeog and Great Limestone Series of the Cambrian and Ordovician age. A relatively low grade ore vein consists of quartz-calcite and rhodocrosite vein with Ag bearing sulfides and a small amounts of sulphosalts developed in the structural lines of granite gneiss in the southern part of the area. This vein strikes to north-south and dips with 70ø to east. The ore minerals in the major vein are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite of sulfide minerals, argentian tetrahedrite, pyragirite, polybasite, sulphosalt minerals and sylvanite with telluride. Major veins cut the low grade ore veins and are infiltrated in the matrix of brecciated pyrites and fissures of fine grained pyrite of low grade ore veins. In some parts, argentian tetrahedrite and the other sulphosalt minerals are intergrown in sphalerite and galena by the replacement. Major ore vein contains 20,000 g/t of Ag in hand picked sulfides and concentrated sulphosalts but the average ore grade of the vein is about 1,000 g/t of Ag. Ore reserves are 42,000 M/T containing 2.4 g/t Au, 475 g/tAg, 1.5%Pb, and 2.5% Zn. Kim and Kim1982. Korea J 52 11 Uirim-Samwon 37 14'20N 37.2388888888889 128 40'00E 128.666666666667 Cu,Pb,Zn Bi, Au Ag Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 1.39% Cu, 7.82% Pb, 5.17% Zn, 0.35% Bi. Taebaegsan Consists of two types of bodies, vein and pocket. The veins are fissure filling hydrothermal deposits in Pungchon limestone and Hwajol formation, whereas the pocket types are disseminated replacement deposits in Pungchon limestone formation. The above mentioned formations are the Ordovician Great Limestone Series that includes the Pungchon Limestone, Hwajo Formation, Dongjom Quartzite, Dumugol and Maggol Limestone Formations and Yemi Breccia Limestone Formation of unknown age and the Bansong Formation of Daedong system. The deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bismuthnite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, with the gangue minerals quartz, calcite, hornblende, sericite, epidote, chlorite, biotite and garnet. The deposit minerals in replacement deposits are chalcopyrite with some pyrite, galena and sphalerite, with gangue minerals calcite, quartz and talc altered to tremolite. Cho and others, 1966. Korea J 52 12 Yomisan (Sinyemi) 37 11'21N 37.1891666666667 128 40'11E 128.669722222222 Zn, Fe Cu, MoS2 Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Small Average grade of 5.38% Zn, 26.16% Fe. Reserves of 590,000 tonnes ore. Taebaegsan Consists of the West body, the East body and the Magnetite body. The West body is layered and the East body is a small lens with high grade that occurs along breccia and fault zone. The Magnetite body forms a contact metasomatic unit in breccia and as massive skarn in limestone.The host rock the Maggol Limestone of Ordovician Choseon System that is unconformably overlain by the Late Carboniferous Hongjeom Formation. Igneous intrusions of suspected Mesozoic age intrude the sedimentary rock. The average grade of the West body is 5.38% Zn. Reserve amounts are range up to about 490,000 tonnes. The Magnetite body has estimated reserves 100,000 tonnes grading 26.16% Fe. Kim and others, 1965. Korea J 52 13 Soonkyong 37 05'40N 37.0944444444444 128 51'00E 128.85 Sn W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.31%SnO2. Reserves of 1,191,000 tonnes ore. Taebaegsan Consists of cassiterite-bearing pegmatite. The pegmatite developed in this area are classified according mineralogy: (1) cassiterite-bearing pegmatite, (2) tourmaline-bearing pegmatite and (3) altered orthoclase-rich pegmatite. There is also pegmatite containing a mixture of the above mentioned minerals. Host rock is mainly mica schist, slate, sandstone and phyllite members of the PrecambrianTaeback Series and the Jangsan quartzite of Cambrian Chosun System. The members of Taebaek Series generally trend N20øW and dip to NE at about 35 o and the Jangsan quartzite strikes N80øW and dips 30øNE. In the members of Taebaek Series (especially in mica schist and phyllite) more than 30 pegmatite that contain cassiterite, altered orthoclase and tourmaline occur and their thickness varies from 0.4 m to 7 m and their length from 2 m to 200 m. The pegmatite occur as dikes, sheets, and/or lenticular bodies injected in the Taebaek Series and strike N45øE and dip 30øNW in general. The results of chemical analysiss of the samples from three kinds of different pegmatite are as follow: Cassiterite-bearing pegmatite(average grade of 1.52% SnO2), tourmaline-bearing pegmatite(0.31% SnO2) and altered orthoclase-rich pegmatite(0.62% SnO2). Lee, 1959; Park and Kim, 1986. Korea J 52 14 Kumsan 36 54'50N 36.9138888888889 129 20'10E 129.336111111111 W,Mo Cu W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 3.87% WO3 Gyeongpuk Consists of W quartz veins hosted by leuco-granite gneiss, hornblende plagioclase gneiss, biotite gneiss and schist of the Wonnam Formation, all of Precambrian age. Strike and dip of these rock is generally N15øE, 80øSE. In the adit crosscut driven NNW, six parallel quartz, fissure filling type veins occur in 80 m. These veins strike nearly EW and dips range from 77øS to 77øN. Two veins are of economic importance, those known as the No. 1 vein and the Main vein;. All veins occur in the plagioclase and biotite gneiss and they vary from 30 cm to 1 meter wide. Wolframite and pyrite are the only minerals in the quartz veins. Proven reserve of the No. 1 vein is estimated at 1,500 tonnes averaging 0.75% WO3. The report, that 120 tons of WO3 concentrate, reported by the mine owner that were produced from 1950-1952, has not been confirmed. Kim and others, 1967. Korea J 52 15 Wangpiri 36 53'00'N 36.8833333333333 129 20'00E 129.333333333333 Sn Cu, Pb, Zn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.45% Sn. Gyeongpuk Hosted in granitic pegmatite that intrudes the contact between granite and the Yulri Series. The veins are mostly concordant with schistosity in phyllite, mica schist and mica metasandstone and strike NS to N60oE and dip 30 to 80o NW. Deposit consists of cassiterite pegmatite veins that are banded structure with alternating quartz and feldspar zones that range from 2 to 22 mm wide. Local homogeneous and coarse granular textures occur. The main deposit mineral is cassiterite along with quartz, microcline, perthite, plagioclase, sericite and muscovite and sparse tourmaline. Deposits consists of small lenses, pipes, or large veins that range from 0.3 to 15 m wide and 5 to 150 m long. Fine cassiterite grains occur occasionally. Cassiterite is generally concentrated in quartz-rich zones in the homogeneous pegmatite vein and also is disseminated in muscovite-rich zones on the hanging wall in fine grains and rarely occurs in feldspar-rich zones. Kim and Shin, 1966. Korea J 52 16 Chilbo 37 26'30N 37.4416666666667 127 36'40E 127.611111111111 W,Fe Cu, Pb WñMoñBe skarn Small Grades of 0.2-3.4% WO3 48.89% Fe, 0.15% Cu. Gyeonggi Consists of tungsten and magnetitie skarn exposed at six prospecting sites in a zone that is 600 m long and 100 m wide. The ore minerals are scheelite, powellite, and magnetite, with lesser chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, and arsenopyrite, and very sparse molybdenite and covellite. Gangue minerals are garnet, epidote, tremolite, diopside, zoisite and quartz. The deposit is hosted in Precambrian metasedimentary rock, including amphibole schist, quartz schist, and dolomitic marble that is intruded by younger hornblende-biotite granite, and microgranite, felsite, and pegmatite dikes. . Koo and Kim, 1966. Korea J 52 17 Kumjang 36 44'30N 36.7416666666667 129 19'20E 129.322222222222 Cu,Pb,Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.26% Cu,3.08% Pb, 16.25% Zn, 0.3 g/t Au and 351.6g/t Ag. Gyeongpuk Consists of lenticular veins in conglomerate and arkose sandstone of Ulyeonsan and Gasongdong formations. The sequence of sedimentary rock is as follows: Seonmi formation (unknown age), Cretaceous Ulyeonsan formation(correlated to the basal conglomerate of kyungsang system) and Gasongdong formation. Cretaceous hornblende-biotite granite intrudes only the Seonmi formation. Deposit-hosting fissure veins are parallel with a strike of NS and dip of 65-70ø W. The deposit minerals are mainly sphalerite and galena with small amounts of chalcopyrite. Kim, 1970. Korea J 52 18 Eungok 37 01'00N 37.0166666666667 128 20'40E 128.344444444444 Pb,Zn Au, Ag, Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 3.37% Pb, 5.66% Zn, 0.42% Cu, 0.4g/t Au, 388 g/t Ag. Eungok Consists of lenses and veins in the Permian and Carboniferous sedimentary rock of the Pyongan Supergroup, Hongjom Formation, Sadong Formation, Kobang Formation, and Nokam Formation that are intruded by granite porphyry. Deposit formed during hydrothermal replacement in lenses along contacts between the limestone and sedimentary rock. Five outcrops of the veins occur the surface, strike NE, dip NW, and range from 40 to 160 cm wide. The ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are garnet, quartz, calcite, feldspar, fluorite, pyrite, and limonite. Four veins are intersected by the main crosscut have lengths of from 30-40 m. The veins are lenticular and discontinous. Moon, 1966. Korea J 52 19 Daejang 36 39'00N 36.65 129 23'00E 129.383333333333 Fe,Cu Pb, Zn Fe-Zn skarn Small Average grade of 48.76% Fe and 0.38% Cu. Resources of 76,000 tonnes ore. Gyeongpuk Consists of lenticular masses of magnetite in skarn. Rocks in the area are epidote-chlorite-biotite gneiss intruded by quartz-feldspar gneiss, biotite granite, quartz-hornblende diorite, granite porphyry, andesitic rock, felsite dyke and basic dyke. Limestone is interlayered in the epidote-chlorite-biotite gneiss. Biotite granite and quartz-hornblende diorite intruded into the limestone bed and formed skarn zone along the contacts. The magnetite masses are generally lenticular in shape extending from west to northeast. The ore which is composed of mainly magnetite and variable accessories i.e., garnet, epidote, diopside, chalcopyrite, tremolite, wollastonite, etc., and is commonly massive and compact. The average grade of ore is Fe: 48.76%, SiO2: 7.55%, CaO: 0.87%, S: 0.43%, Cu: 0.38%, P: 0.01%, TiO2: trace. The genesis of the ore deposits is considered metasomatized contact deposit, i.e., contact magnetite deposits that were formed by biotite granite and quartz-hornblende diorite and then metasomatized to magnetite body and skarn zone. Kim, 1964. Korea J 52 2 Kangwon 37 50'05N 37.8347222222222 128 26'30E 128.441666666667 Fe Cu, Pb Fe skarn Small Average grade of 38.44%Fe. Reserves of 581,000 tonnes Fe. Taebaegsan Consists of Fe contact and selective replacement bodies in calcareous beds in Precambrian metasedimentary rock that consists of biotite paragneiss, amphibole schist, limestone, and quartzite in thin beds. Feldspar porphyry and granite porphyry intrude metasedimentary rock. The general strike of eastern body is NS-N10ø E and the dip is 70-80ø NW; the western body trends N40øE with a dip of 25-30ø NW. The length and width of the eastern body is 130-80 m and 10-6 m, and the western is 100 m and 8 m. The average grade of each body is: Eastern body - 29.8-35.49% Fe, 0.56-1.93% S, 0.02-0.06% P; Western body - 49.03% Fe, 5.61% S, 0.01% P. Kim and Oh, 1968. Korea J 52 20 Bupyoung 37 29'30N 37.4916666666667 126 43'00E 126.716666666667 Ag,Pb Au, Cu Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal metasomatite Large Average grade of 440 g/t Ag and 4.43% Pb. Reserves of 1,000,000 tonnes ore. Gyeonggi Hosted in Precambrian gneiss, and Cretaceous or Tertiary rhyolite, granite, and dikes. The ore minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, argentite, tetrahedrite, and pyrargirite. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminatons and are interpreted as forming from hydrothmal fluids that migrated along fissures, joints, and shears in rhyolite. Three main outcrops occur on the surface. The largest trends north, is 20 to 30 m wide and 330 m long. Park and Chung, 1968. Korea J 52 21 Oryu-dong 37 27'30N 37.4583333333333 126 47'30E 126.791666666667 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Average grade of 3% f.c. Reserves of 2,592 tonnes ore. Gyeonggi Occurs in Proterozoic schist and consists of graphite lenses that generally occur parallel to the host-rock. Weathered part of deposit is higher grade and can be distinguished from the non-weathered part by appearence and chemical analysis. Deposit is hosted mainly in Proterozoic granitic gneiss and schist. Crystalline graphite occurs in lenses that parallel schistocity. Strike and dip are variable; however general strike is NE with dips to SW or NE. Deposits formed contemporaneously with granitic gneiss and schist. Carbon is derived from organic matter. The graphite is variable grade and crystallinity. Average grades of outcrop samples are: 14.55% F.C:, 80.41% ash, 1.14% VM and 1.11% H2O. Average grade of drill core is 14.51% F.C., 80.86% ash, 4.92% VM and 0.21% H2O. Grade ranges up to high. Lee, 1960. Korea J 52 22 Youngdeog 37 03'30N 37.0583333333333 127 58'30E 127.975 Pb,Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grade of 0.4-4.0 g/t Au, 149-488 g/t Ag, 1.26-5.31% Pb, 3.99-13.9% Zn. Reserves of 100,000 tonnes ore. Wolak Hosted in the Proterozoic Ogcheon Group granitic gneiss that is intruded by Cretaceous granite, leucocratic granite and intermediate composition dikes. A conjugate joint pattern is common in the leucocratic granite with joints-striking N30oW, dipping 75o SW and N 48oE dipping 83oSE. Deposit consists of hydrothermal sulfides in disseminations that occur in an altered zone in leucocratic granite. The sulphide minerals are galena and sphalerite with Au and Ag and other sulphide minerals such as pyrite and chalcopyrite. The most common hydrothemal alteration, especially at shallow depth, is softening and bleaching of the leucocratic granite. Oh and Kim, 1980. Korea J 52 23 Jesamuk 36 59'50N 36.9972222222222 128 06'00E 128.1 Cu,Pb,Zn As, Au, Ag Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Grades range from 0.18-2.05% Cu, 1.44-6.54% Pb, 2-3.01% Zn, 30.7-843.4 g/t Ag. Reserves of 135,000 tonnes ore; indicated ore reserves of 35,000 tonnes; inferred ore reserves 100,000 tonnes. Wolak Consists of sulfide skarn in limestone of the Cambrian and Ordovician Great Limestone Series that is intruded by biotite granite of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa Series. The limestone bedding generally strikes N20 to 30oE and dips 20 to 30o NW. Deposit is interpreted as a pocket, hydrothermal sulfide replacement in limestone. The sulfides are mainly galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite. Gangue minerals are calcite, fluorite, and quartz. Moon and Cho, 1965. Korea J 52 24 Susan 36 56'00N 36.9333333333333 128 11'00E 128.183333333333 Fe, Mn Cu, Pb, Zn Fe skarn Small Average grade of 50.95% Fe, 34.84% Mn. Resources of 338,450 tonnes Fe, 3,171 tonnes Mn. Wolak Consists of Cambrian and Ordovician limestone that is intruded by Cretaceous biotite granite. Both limonite and Mn deposit occur. The limonite part of the deposit occurs sporadically in limestone in masses or layers between terraossa and limestone, or in limestone. The Mn part of the deposit occurs in veins in limestone. The veins pinch out at depth. The limonite is interpreted as a residual deposits and the Mn deposit is interpreted as a hydrothermal deposit. Kim and Kim, 1962. Korea J 52 25 Seojom 36 22 0N 36.3666666666667 129 17 00E 129.283333333333 Au, Ag Pb, Zn Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 2.7 g/t Au, 2000 g/t Ag, 18% Pb, 9% Zn. Resources 26,150 tonnes and reserves of 5,150 tonnes. Taebaegsan Consists of veins following a fault zone in the Ochon-dong formation. The Ochon-dong formation consists of sedimentary rock of the lower formation of the Shilla series, Kyongsang system, that is overlain comformably by Shinyangdong formation. These rock formations are intruded by andesite extrusive stocks and younger quartz porphyry. The source of the veins may be the andesite porphyry stocks and quartz porphyry. Several veins are distinctively developed in the mine property. The most promising vein has an average width of 20 cm and average grade Au 2.7 g/t, Ag 2.000 g/t, Pb 18%, Zn 9%. Hwang and Kim, 1963. Korea J 52 26 Seosan 36 51'00N 36.85 126 16'00E 126.266666666667 Fe,Cu Pb, Zn Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Average grade of 31.42% Resource of 5,222,000 tonnes and reserve of 1,476,000 tonnes. Chungnam Consists of zones or lenses in Precambrian quartz schist that is intruded by various probable Cretaceous igneous intrusives. The bodies are generally low grade hematite and magnetite and are interpreted as a dynamo-metamorphic deposit of sedimentary origin that was enriched in the northern area by thermal metamorphism following intrusion of granite gneiss. The deposit minerals exhibit five textures: fine banded, medium banded, coarse banded, coarse spotted and massive. In the southern area, hematite is dominent exhibits a well-developed banded structure, with alternating hematite and silica bands parallel to schistosity of the country rock. In the northern area, most of the deposit minerals are coarse-grained spotted or massive with various ratios of hematite to magnetite. A ratio of 7:1 to 5:1 is dominant in medium banded type. Deposit averages 5 to 60 m wide and 30 to 200 m long. Assays reveals traces of TiO2, S and P. SiO2 content is high, varies inversely with Fe. Kim, 1965. Korea J 52 27 Yungchang 2 36 15'00N 36.25 127 56'00E 127.933333333333 Co, Ni Ag, Cu, Sn Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Grade of 60 ppm Co, 12-16 ppm Ni, 42-46 g/t Ag, 1.3-4.1% Cu, 300-580 ppm Sn. Eungok Hosted in Precambrian granitic gneiss and Cretaceous shale, sandstone and tuffaceous rock of Young Dong Series. Deposit is related to a Cretaceous quartz porphry that intrudes the granitic gneiss and a mafic dike tht intrudes quartz porphyry. Deposit formed during hydrothermal filling of a fault shear in granitic gneiss, quartz porphyry and mafic dike. Deposit minerals are mainly chalcopyrite and azurite and minor magnetite, specularite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, pyroxene and fault clay. Seo and others, 1981. Korea J 52 28 Chilgok 36 01'00N 36.0166666666667 128 36'00E 128.6 Pb, Zn Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grading from 0.9-5.5 g/t Au, 154.4-280.8 g/t Ag, 3.9-8.83% Pb and 4.1-7.08% Zn. Ore reserves of 5,300 tonnes. Resources of 3,000 to possible 5,900 tonnes. Gyeongpuk Hosted mainly in hornblende granite of the Cretaceous Bulgugsa granite series that south of the intrudes older sedimentary rock of the Sindong Group. The deposit is controlled by joints and faults that mainly strike N40oW and dip 75 to 85o NE. The fissures are filled by quartz with ore minerals of mainly galena, sphalerite, and pyrite, lesser chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, and rare pyrrhotite. Koo and Kim, 1965. Korea J 52 29 Samkwang 36 08'00N 36.1333333333333 128 06'00E 128.1 Ni Co, Cu Polymetaliic Ni vein Small Average grade of 0.57% Ni. Reserves of 17,820 tonnes ore. Gyeongpuk Consists of Ni sulfides in amphibolite bodies that are part of a Precambrian assemblage of granitic gneiss, banded gneiss and siliceous dikes that are intruded by Cretaceous biotite granite, lamprophyre dikes, quartz veins and pegmatitic quartz veins. The amphibolite consists of coarse-grained Ni sulfides in fine-to medium-grained ultramafic rock. Deposit occurs in the top parts of amphibolite near the surface and grades downwards into barren or very low-grade parts. The major deposit minerals are pyrrhotite with subordinate pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite that occurs in disseminations, predominantly in the upper,subsurface part of the amphibolite. Three stages of deposition occurred: (1) magmatic segregation with formation of disseminated Ni sulfides; (2) deuteric or hydrothermal alteration associated with Cretaceous plutonism with alteration of rock forming minerals; and (3) remobilization of sulfides, mainly pyrrhotite with pentlandite. The deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrite and gangue minerals are plagioclase, sericite, tremolite-actinolite, talc, chlorite, calcite and quartz. Areas with sulfides are vary from 5 to 8 m thick and 45 to 50 m long. Kim, 1982. Korea J 52 3 Hongcheon-Jaun 37 51'30N 37.8583333333333 128 01'00E 128.016666666667 Fe,SrO R2O3 Polygenic REE-Fe-Nb deposit (Bayan-Obo type) Medium Average grade of 25% Fe, 1.86% SrO, 2.79% R2O3. Reserves of 8,132,800 tonnes Fe ore. Taebaegsan Consists of Fe and REE layers in chlorite-sericite-quartz schist that is part Precambrian Kyeongggi Gneiss Complex. Chlorite-sericite-quartz schist is covered conformably by hornblende-biotite-gneiss. Schistose granite and felsite porphyry intrude schist. The length of the body is about 900 m, depth is 250 m, and the width is 25 m. The layers are generally composed of magnetite, monazite, apatite, and strontianite that form complex bodies. Average grade of layers are: high grade of 32.70% Fe, and low grade of 19.34% Fe . Total Fe ore reserve is 88,500,000 tonnes. Complex bodies of magnetite-monazite-apatite-strontianite occur in carbonate rock that is mostly composed of Fe-rich dolomite, ankerite, and siderite. The carbonate rock exhibits a geochemically anomaly of P, Sr, Nb, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Ba. The monazite contains REE minerals in complex masses, associated with dolomite and strontianite, generally in myrmekitic intergrowths with strontianite. In most cases, magnetite and monazite grains are fractured. Carbonate apatite is associated with magnetite, dolomite, strontianite/ and barite. Minor chalcopyrite and molybdenite occur in the body and carbonate rock. Pyrite is a common sulfide in deposit and in albite alteration zone. The ore reserves of complex ores of Fe-REE-P deposit are estimated at 8,132,800 tonnes. The average ore grades are 2.79% R2O3, 1.86% SrO, and 1.3% P. Kim and others, 1965; Park and Hwang, 1995. Korea J 52 30 Kongju 36 25'00N 36.4166666666667 127 03'06E 127.051666666667 Graphite U Metamorphic graphite Small Average grade of 24.4% f.c., 0.03% U3O8, 0.08% V2O5. Chungnam Hosted in Proterozoic graphitic black shale in the Kongju Formation. Seven drill holes peneterate the deposit. The host rock consists of Precambrian metasedimentary rock, mostly mica schist and granite gneiss and Jurassic intrusive rock. Graphite deposit consists of recrystallized graphite, quartz, feldspar, muscovite and biotite with minor zoisite, chlorite, zircon, pyrite, sphene, galena, uraninite and V-oxides. Size of crystalline graphite flakes ranges from 0.5 mm to 1 mm mostly. Minimum size is 4 microns. Size of uraninite is 6 to14 microns. Average grade is 24.4% C, 0.03% U3O8 and 0.08% V2O8. Graphite formed in two stages: (1) carbonaceous material in arenaceous sedimentary rock recrystallized to crystalline graphite during regional metamorphism; and (2) carbon dioxide from limestone that was converted to graphite during intrusion of younger granitoids. Uranite is interpreted as forming in a reducing environment from U that was absorbed in the carbonaceous material during circulation of U-bearing solution. V-oxide(?) replaced carbonaceous material during circulation of V-bearing solution. The graphite deposits are at Sohak-ri, Kaeryong-myon, Kongju-gun, Chungchong-namdo. Kim and Yun, 1959. Korea J 52 31 Samgoe-Soryong 36 13'00N 36.2166666666667 127 26'00E 127.433333333333 U Graphite Clastic-sediment-hosted U Small Average grade of 0.0385% U3O8. Reserves of 2,560,000 tonnes ore. Chungnam Consists of U-bearing graphitic black shale. Geophysical prospecting for uranium mineral occurred for three areas (Taejon sheet, Chubu Tunnel, Samgoe Coal Mine and Soryong Coal Mine) in 1974 and 1975. Radioactive and selfpotential surveys (confirmed by X-ray log of holes), indicate that seven of the holes penetrate uranium deposits. Koo and others, 1977. Korea J 52 32 Sangdong 37 10 N 37.1666666666667 128 50 E 128.833333333333 W Mo, Bi WñMoñBe skarn Large Average grade of 77.86% WO3 and 6.49% MoS2. Taebaegsan Consists of W-Mo minerals that occur in bedded limestone in the Cambrian Myobong Slate Formation. The common skarn minerals are Ca-garnet and clinopyroxene. Abundant quartz veins in the W-Mo skarn indicate that W and Mo were transported in a silicate-rich fluid. A syncline is interpreted as related to emplacement of granitoids and hidden skarn bodies may occur along the northern limb of the syncline. The deposit, that consists of both skarn and quartz veins, is interpreted as forming during a long period of mineralzation during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The Moon, 1987. Korea J 52 4 Susuk 37 44'00N 37.7333333333333 128 15'00E 128.25 Fe Cu, Pb,Zn Fe skarn Small Grade of 30-50% Fe. Resources of 717,400 tonnes Fe and reserves of 164,000 tonnes Fe. Taebaegsan Consists of magnetite and pyrite or pyrrhotite skarn in Precambrian amphibolite that is altered to serpentine or silica by regional metamorphism and hydrothermal fluids. The amphibolite is interlayered with quartzite and quartz-biotite gneiss. These rock is intruded by Mesozoic(?) granophyre, felsite and quartz porphyry. The granophyre is interpreted as the deposit-related igneous body. Limonite occurs on weathered, but is not economic. Deposit contains low-grade zones with 30-35% Fe and locally up to 50% Fe with higher sulfide content. Chi, 1963. Korea J 52 5 Seongdong 38 02'00N 38.0333333333333 127 17'20E 127.288888888889 Fe Cu, Pb, Zn Fe skarn Small Average grade of 35% Fe. Resources of 840,000 tonnes. Gyeonggi Consists of lenticular magnetite bodies trending NS embedded in lenticular limesilicate rock. These occur discontinously along schistosity in hornfels-bearing metasedimentary rock of the Precambrian Yeoncheon System. These metasedimentary rock consists of biotite schist, quartzite, hornblende schist and quartz-hornblende-biotite schist and are intruded by a Precambrian augen gneiss. The metamorphic complex is further intruded by younger quartz porphyry, fine-grained granite, lamprophyre and porphyry. Gangue minerals in the magnetite bodies are talc, tremolite, actinolite, epidote, calcite, chalcopyrite and rare, garnet. Deposit is presumably of hydrothermal replacement origin. Baag, 1964. Korea J 52 6 Samchok 37 22'30N 37.375 129 09'30E 129.158333333333 Fe Mn Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Average grade of 41%Fe. Samchok Consists of hematite and magnetite lenses or layers conformable to bedding in quartzite. The rock of this area are Precambrian metamorphic Taebaegsan series and the thick sedimentary rock of the Cambro-Ordovician Chosun system, that uncomformably overly the Taebaegsan series. The general direction of the structural fabric, fault lines and axis of folds, is NE-SE. The Fe deposits are formed by sedimentation. Generally the bodies exposed are 0.1-1 m wide and extend a few m to several hundred m along strike. Two or three parallel Fe bands are often developed on the same horizon. The Fe deposit minerals having massive structure mainly consist of hematite, magnetite, quartz and variable accessories i.e., calcite, sericite, clay minerals, chlorite, feldspar, biotite and carbonate minerals. Magnetite generally exists with hematite and their crystal outlines are euhedral without abrasion, showing partly or wholely alteration to hematite. Hematite forms crystals and collodial precipitation forms along edges of quartz grains. Crystal grain seizes of hematite and magnetite are varied from 0.01 to 1.5 mm with an average of 0.5 to 1 mm. Oh and Hwang, 1968. Korea J 52 7 Wondong 37 16'00N 37.2666666666667 128 57'00E 128.95 W,Fe,Pb. Cu. Zn WñMoñBe skarn Small Grade of 0.10-0.40% WO3, 0.36-0.56% Pb, 3.76-4.53% Zn, 38% Fe. Taebaegsan Consists of three types of skarn bodies. The skarns occur in Carboniferous-Permian formations and a lesser Cambrrian and Ordovician formations that are intruded by rhyolite. The Weondong overthrust fault, is occurs in the central part of the mine area and a NS fault system cuts the EW thrust. The Pb+Zn, scheelite and Fe(magnetite) bodies occur. A total of 21 bodies that having the cut-off grade of WO 0.10% occur. Deposit consists of upper and lower bodies. The upper Pb-Zn body has the thickness of 1.15 m, with average grade of 0.56% Pb, 3,76% Zn, 0.13% Cu, 1.03% As, 260 ppm Cd and 25 ppm Ag. The lower body has the thickness of 0.25 m, with the average grade of 0.36% Pb, 4.53% Zn, 0.42% As, 620 ppm Cd and 60ppm Ag. The Fe body ranges up to 3.0 m thick with average grade of 38% Fe. Fe minerals always associated with scheelite. Skarn type scheelite, Pb-Zn, magnetite deposits in the Cambrian limestone formations with the average grade of 0.48% WO3 and the thickness 2.80 m for three 3 bodies. Stockworks and veinlets of porphyry Co-Mo deposit occur in rhyolite with the average grade of 0.51% Cu and minor molybdenite, with a thickness of 23.8 m for 15 bodies. Hwang, 1997. Korea J 52 8 Dongnam 37 16'40N 37.2777777777778 128 47'30E 128.791666666667 Fe, Mo Pb, Zn Fe-Zn skarn Medium Grade of 21.47-39.46% Fe and 1-7% Pb+Zn. Reserves of 1,724,732 tonnes ore. Taebaegsan Consists of contact metasomatic and porphyry Mo or disseminated molybdenum including stockwork type ore deposits. The host rocks in the deposit are Cambrian slate (Myobong Formation) and Ordovician limestone (Poongchon and Hwajeol Formation), Cretaceous(?) granitic rock, and Quaternary alluvium deposits. The diorite and quartz porphyry units include diorite-tonalite, granite, and monzodiorite-granodiorite, quartz monzonite-granite, K-rich diorite. and potassic granite. The deposit occurs in fissure filling, contact metasomatic, hydrothemal replacement, and supergene enrichment. and include iron, galena, sphalerite, manganese, and molybodenum ore deposits. Diorite and quartz porphyry contains anomalous Mo, Zn, Pb, Zr, and Fe. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite, hematite, Mn oxide, Mn carbonate, galena, sphalerite, and molybdenite. Accessory minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, limonite, scheelite, and fluorite. Skarn minerals are mainly garnet, epidote, and chlorite, and minor secondary calcite and quartz. Garnet associated with magnetite, epidote, chlorite, and molybdenite. Seo and others, 1983. Korea J 52 9 Gapyeong 37 40'00N 37.6666666666667 127 32'30'E 127.541666666667 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Average grade of 51-14.55% fc. Resources of 216,000 tonnes. Gyeonggi Consists of lenticular bodies of crystalline graphite formed along the schistocity in Precambrian schist. Other rocks in the area are granitic-gneiss, also of Precambrian age. General strike is N 50ø-77øSW or NW. Deposit formed contemporaneously with granitic-gneiss and schist. Carbon is derived from organic matter. The average grades of the outcrop are: F.C: 14.55%, ash: 80.41%, VM: 1.14% and H2O: 1.11% and those of drilling core are F.C: 14.51%, Ash: 80.86%, VM: 4.92% and H2O: 0.21% The Surveyed area occurs in Geumdari Gapyeong-Gun, and Gyeonggi-Do. Cho and others 1977. Korea J 53 1 Sennotani 36 31 33N 36.5258333333333 137 20 03E 137.334166666667 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Average grade of 5% graphite. Resources of 100,000 tonnes. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of graphite veins, 80-100 m long and 1-3 m thick. Occurs in an area 900 m long and 150 m wide. Veins occur in crystalline limestone near the granite in the Hida metamorphic terrane. Crystalinity of graphite is good. Wallrock alteration includes prehnite, chlorite, calcite and sericite. Dissemination of pyrite in the wallrock is also found. Quartz vein and aplite veins occur around the deposit. Geological Survey of Japan, 1950; Nozawa and Sakamoto, 1960. Japan J 53 2 Kamioka Mozumi 36 25 44N 36.4288888888889 137 17 31E 137.291944444444 Zn, Pb, Ag Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Average grade of 7.9% Zn, 2.68% Pb, 31g/t Ag. Production of 815,000 tonnes Zn, 52,000 tonnes Pb, 190 tonnes Ag. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of more than 18 skarn bodies in masses, stratiform layers, and veins. The Main body is 300 m long, 400 m wide, and 10 m thick. The main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, with minor molybdenite and scheelite. The skarn minerals are hedenbergite, actinolite, diopside, garnet, wollastonite, and epidote. The skarn is clinopyroxene skarn that is replaced by garnet or by magnetite, calcite, and quartz. Replacements are likely related to deposition of Zn-Pb sulfides. Host rock is crystalline limestone, diopside gneiss, amphibole gneiss, and amphibolite of the Hida Metamorphic Rock. K-Ar isotopic age for sericite from the Kamioka Tchibora and Kamioka Mozumi deposits are 63.8-67.5 + 0 Ma, and a K-Ar isotopic age isotopic for hastingsite from skarn near the Kamioka Tchibora deposit is 63.3 + 1.6 Ma. Those ages suggest deposition during the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. Deposition is related to the quartz porphyry or granite intrusion. Deposit was discovered in 1589. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Akiyama, 1980; Akiyama, 1981; Nagasawa and Shibata, 1985; Sato and Uchiumi, 1990; Kato, 1999. Japan J 53 3 Koshimizu 36 30 20N 36.5055555555556 137 01 52E 137.031111111111 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Average grade of 50% graphite. Resources of 40,000 tonnes. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of four main deposits. Average size of deposit is 10 m long and 1 m wide. Maximum size of dposit reach to 30 m long and 2 m wide. Deposits occur in graphite-bearing biotite gneiss of Hida metamorphic terrane. Deposit assocated with numbers of aplite veins. Size of graphite crystals is less than 0.1 mm long. Anzai, 1947; Geological Survey of Japan, 1950; Sakamoto and Nozawa, 1960. Japan J 53 4 Kamioka Tochibora 36 21 06N 36.3516666666667 137 19 00E 137.316666666667 Zn, Pb, Ag Bi, Cd, Au, graphite Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Large Average grade of 4.1% Zn, 0.43% Pb, 26 g/t Ag. Production of 1,750,000 tonnes Zn, 77,000 tonnes Pb, 810 tonnes Ag. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of more than 34 skarn bodies and massess. Main body is 250 m long, 500 m wide, and 60 m thick. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, matildite, magnetite, pyrite, and hematite. Minor minerals are molybdenite native silver, argentite and scheerlite. Skarn minerals are hedenbergite,actinolite, diopside, garnet, wollastonite, and epidote. Host rock is crystaline limestone, diopside gneiss, amphibole gneiss, and amphibolite of the Hida Metamorphic Rock. K-Ar isotopic ages of sericite from Kamioka Tchibora and Kamioka Mozumi deposits are 63.8-67.5 +.0 Ma, and K-Ar isotopic age of hastingsite from skarn near the Kamioka Tchibora deposit is 63.3 +1.6 Ma. Those ages suggest deposition occurred during Late Cretaceous-Paleogene. Deposit may be related to the quartz porphyry. Deposit was discovered in 1580. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Akiyama, 1980; Akiyama, 1981; Nagasawa and Shibata, 1985; Sato and Uchiumi, 1990; Kato, 1999. Japan J 53 5 Amo 36 16 02N 36.2672222222222 137 01 56E 137.032222222222 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Grade of 5-20% graphite. Resources of 200 tonnes. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Vein and lense shape graphite deposits. Several veins are found in biotite gneiss of the Hida metamorphic rocks. Deposits are 10-30m long, and average thickness is 40cm. Ore mineral is graphie. Biotite, amphibole, and quartz are associated within the veins. Previous history of minig of gold. Geological Survey of Japan, 1950; Nozawa and others, 1975. Japan J 53 6 Hokuriku 36 17 31N 36.2919444444444 136 32 48E 136.546666666667 Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 1.7% Cu, 1.1% Zn, 0.3% Pb. Production of 97,000 tonnes Cu, 13,000 tonnes Zn, 2,600 tonnes Pb, 12 tonnes Ag. Hokuriku-Sanin Consists of NW and NE striking veins. Main Vein is 1,200 m long with average thickness of 0.6 m. Sixteen vein systems occur in an area 3 km by 3 km. Main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and sphalerite. Minor minerals are galena, chalcocite, and magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, and calcite. Host rock is Miocene tuff breccia. Wallrocks exhibit quartz-chlorite alteration up to 30 m from the veins. Deposit formed during extrusion of Miocene rhyolite. Deposit found in 1772 as gold vein. Deposit also named Ogoya deposit. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 53 7 Hirase 36 10 09N 36.1691666666667 136 54 53E 136.914722222222 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Average grade of 0.34-3.72% MoS2. Production of 2,224 tonnes MoS2. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE striking molybdenite-quartz veins. About 30 veins occur. Main Vein is 300 m long with average thickness of 0.4 m. Veins occur in the area 1 km by 0.5 km. Main ore mineral is molybdenite. Minor minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and ilumenite. Gangue minerals is mainly quartz, with minor calcite. Host rock is Mesozoic granite. Deposit found in 1911. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ishihara, 1971. Japan J 53 8 Bandojima 36 05 39N 36.0941666666667 136 24 52E 136.414444444444 Pb, Zn, Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Grade of 10-15% Pb, 5-7% Zn, 1-2% Cu. Reserves of 600,000 tonnes ore. Production of 1,723 tonnes Zn, 1,464 tonnes Pb, 105 tonnes Cu from 1952 to 1961. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of nine skarn bodies that occur in masses and sheets. The Main ore body is 150 m long, 85 m wide, and 4 m thick. The main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. Skarn minerals are garnet and epidote. Host rocks are crystaline limestone, calcareous shale, and chert of the Hida Metamorphic Rock. Mineralization is related to intrusion of Mesozoic quartz diorite that occurs under the deposit. The deposit found before 1900. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan J 54 1 Taro 39 45 38N 39.7605555555556 141 56 05E 141.934722222222 Cu, Zn, Pb Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 0.8% Cu. Production of 36,857 tonnes Cu, 18,942 tonnes Zn, 5,825 tonnes Pb. North Kitakami Consists of seven main bodies that strike NW and dip SW at 60-70 o. The main body extends 500 m along strike and ranges up to 12 m thick. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, and chalcocite. Gangue minerals are chlorite, calcite and quartz. Host rock is Mesozoic shale and sandstone. Mining started in 1854. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Yamaoka, 1983. Japan J 54 10 Unekura 39 14 13N 39.2369444444444 140 50 34E 140.842777777778 Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 5% Cu, maximum grade, 11% Cu. Production of 6,700 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. Thirteen main vein systems occur. Main Vein is 1,100 m long with average thickness of 0.75 m. Veins occur in the area 5 km by 7 km. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Minor minerals are bornite, sphalerite and galena. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite and sericite. Wallrock show silica alteration, chlorite and sericite alteration in 10 m from the veins. Host rock is Miocene altered andesite, tuff, mudstone and rhyolite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 11 Oya 38 58 16N 38.9711111111111 141 31 58E 141.532777777778 Au, Ag Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 20-30 g/t Au, 2-8 g/t Ag. Production of 15.6 tonnes Au, 2.8 tonnes Ag. Kitakami Consists of NS-striking veins with eight main vein systems. Veins occur in an area 3 km by 1.5 km. The main vein is 700 m long with average thickness of 0.3 m. The main deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, native gold, galena, argentite, tetradymite and molybdenite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, hedenbergite, actinolite, epidote and sericite. Wallrock is alteted to quartz and calcite. Host rock is Jurassic sandstone, slate and granodiorite. Veins are contact metamorphosed. Veins are interpreted as forming during intrusion of Cretaceous granodiorite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 12 Yoshino 39 12 13N 39.2036111111111 140 36 14E 140.603888888889 Cu, Ag Au Volcanogenic Zn, Pb, Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 0.8% Cu, 8 g/t Ag. Production of 10,000 tonnes Cu, 3.5 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of three main bodies. The Kumanosawa body is 150 m long, 100 m wide and 270 m thick, including stockwork zone. Deposit is divided into the barite zone, sphalerite-galena-rich Kuroko zone, yellow ore and silicious ore. Major deposit minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Minor deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena and arsenopyrite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite and rhyolite tuff and mudstone. Mining was completed in 1955. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan J 54 13 Hosokura 38 48 21N 38.8058333333333 140 54 02E 140.900555555556 Zn, Pb, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 4.12% Zn, 1.59% Pb, 0.05% Cu, 0.2 g/t Au, 40 g/t Ag. Production of 26,000,000 tonnes ore, 775,000 tonnes Zn, 280,000 tonnes Pb, 400 tonnes Ag, 1 tonnes Au, 9,500 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of 13 main vein systems that strike EW, NS, and NW. The veins occur in an area 4 km by 5 km. The Main Vein is 2,200 m long and 1.3 m thick. The main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrargyrite, stibnite, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, hematite, chalcocite, covellite, native copper, and native silver. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, sericite, kaolinite, calcite, montmorillonite, and fluorite. Wallrock is altered to quartz, K-feldspar, albite-altered plagioclase, chlorite, sericite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and calcite. The host rock is altered Miocene andesite and tuff. A K-Ar adularia isotopic age for the vein is 5.8 + 0.2 Ma and for adularia. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Shikazono and Tsunakawa, 1982; Kawakami st al, 1986; Takahashi, 1988. Japan J 54 14 Nagamatsu 38 31 50N 38.5305555555556 140 08 52E 140.147777777778 Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 1.0% Cu. Production of 24,000 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. Eleven main vein systems occur. Main Vein is 350 m long with average thickness of 0.6 m. Veins occur in the area 2 km by 6 km. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, barite and sericite. Wallrock show alteration by quartz, chlorite and pyrite. Host rock is Miocene altered, andisite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 15 Koyama 38 26 57N 38.4491666666667 140 13 34E 140.226111111111 Au, Ag, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 32 g/t Au, 26 g/t Ag, 0.8% Cu. Production of 3 tonnes Au, 1.8 tonnes Ag, 3,800 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of NW-striking veins. Thirteen main vein systems occur. Main vein occurs as network vein system extended in 50 m by 40 m. Veins occur in the area 2 km by 6 km. Main deposit mineral is native gold, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, kaoline adularia, chlorite, barite and carbonate minerals. Wallrock show alteration by quartz, chlorite, kaoline, montmorillonite, sericite, calcite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite tuff and mudstone. Deposit was discovered in around 1500. Mine closed in 1976. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990. Japan J 54 16 Oizumi 38 24 43N 38.4119444444444 139 43 48E 139.73 Zn, Pb, Cu Mn Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 5.5% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.5% Cu. Production of 57,000 tonnes Zn, 20,000 tonnes Pb, 4,000 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking veins with less significant NS veins. Eight main vein systems occur. Main Vein is 1,250 m long with average thickness of 0.7 m. Main deposit mineral is sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and rhodochrosite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite and calcite. Wallrock show alteration by quartz and chlorite. Host rock is altered Miocene andesite, and, andisitic tuff. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 17 Zao 38 08 16N 38.1377777777778 140 24 56E 140.415555555556 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 20-60% S. Northeast Japan Consists of a subhorizontal body in Quarternary andesite and andesite tuff in the Zao volcano. The body is 350 m long, 320 m wide, with thickness of 24 m. Deposit mineral is native sulfur. Sericite, kaolinite, opal, pyrite and marcasite occur. Host andesite is olivine-bearing two pyroxene andesite and tuff received extensive alteration. Deposit is exhalative replacement in origin. Fracture zones-striking NS, along that sulfur deposits occur and were the main channel ways for the mineralizing solutions and fluids. Geological Survey of Japan, 1951; Watanabe and Mukaiyama, 1954; Jinbo, 1969. Japan J 54 18 Asahi (Budo) 38 24 24N 38.4066666666667 139 33 40E 139.561111111111 Zn, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.5% Pb; 4.5% Zn. Production of 11,000 tonnes Zn, 6,000 tonnes Pb. Northeast Japan Consists of eastnortheast to east-west striking veins. The veins dip 55-70 degree to northwest. Three main vein systems are present. Main vein is 400m long with average thickness of 0.5m. Host rocks are biotite granite, and Neogene altered andesite and rhyolite. Main ore minerals are sphalerite and galena. Minor ore minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Small amount of gangue minerals are present. The gangue minerals are dolomite, calcite and less common quartz. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956. Japan J 54 19 Yamagata-Yoshino 38 09 11N 38.1530555555556 140 11 57E 140.199166666667 Cu, Zn Au, Ag Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 0.83% Cu, 3.42% Zn, 1.1 g/t Au, 39 g/t Ag. Production of 13,000 tonnes Cu, 40,000 tonnes Zn, 1 tonnes Au, 35 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of five bodies. The main body, Fukuju body, is 120 m long, 100 m wide and 18 m thick. Deposits consist of barite zone, Kuroko zone (sense strickt), yellow ore, silicious ore and silica-altered zone from top to bottom, the typical Kuroko deposit zonation. Major deposit minerals are sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Minor deposit mineral is barite. Host rock is Miocene andesite tuff and mudstone. Deposit was discovered in 1889. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan J 54 2 Matsuo 39 56 10N 39.9361111111111 140 56 12E 140.936666666667 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Medium Average grade of 37.5% S. Northeast Japan Consists of two elongated bodies. One body is 1000 m long and 160 m thick. Bodies replace andesite lava and tuff. Pyrite also occurs. Deposit minerals are native sulfur and pyrite. Pyrite ore contains marcasite. Host rock is Pliocene andesite and tuff. Largest sulfur deposit in Japan. Mine closed in 1959. Geological Survey of Japan, 1951. Japan J 54 20 Yatani 37 46 33N 37.7758333333333 140 01 05E 140.018055555556 Zn, Pb, Ag Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 4.16% Zn, 2.26% Pb, 600 g/t Ag, 10 g/t Au. Production of 110,000 tonnes Zn, 58,000 tonnes Pb, 91 tonnes Ag, 2.7 tonnes Au. Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking and NE veins. Four main vein systems occur. The EW-striking veins are Pb-Zn vein and NE-striking veins are Au-Ag veins. Main vein is 1,100 m long with average thickness of 1.6 m. Main deposit minerals in the Pb-Zn veins are sphallerite, galena and pyrite. Main deposit minerals in the Au-Ag veins are native gold and argentite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite and rhodonite. Wallrock show alteration by chlorite, kaoline, montmorillonite, sericite, calcite. Average K-Ar isotopic age of adularia from the vein is 3.4 Ma. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite tuff and mudstone. Mining was started around 1870 for Au. Mine closed in 1988. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Shikazono, 1985. Japan J 54 21 Numajiri 37 37 42N 37.6283333333333 140 17 58E 140.299444444444 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 30.13% S. Resources of 227,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of four elongated bodies. One of the bodies is 180 m long, 70 m wide and 20 m thick and replaces Quaternary andesite lava and tuff on western foothill of the Quarternary volcano, Mount Adatara. Exhalative replacement by mineralizing solution and gasses related to the volcano formed the deposit. Location of deposit is controled by fracture zones. Pyrite is associated. Host rock alterations indicated by kaolinite, pyrite, alunite and opal. Deposit minerals are native sulfur. Mining finised in 1968. Geological Survey of Japan, 1951; Fukushima Prefecture, 1964. Japan J 54 22 Iide 37 48 46N 37.8127777777778 139 31 21E 139.5225 Zn, Pb Cu Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Small Average grade of 6% Zn, 1% Pb. Production of 24,000 tonnes Zn, 4,000 tonnes Pb. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of two bodies. Bodies are irregular,extend EW, and dip of 40o S. The skarn formed during intrusion of Cretaceous-early Paleogene granite. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, magnetite, pyrite, hematite, and magnetite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, epidote, diopside, quartz, and calcite. Host rock is Paleozoic-Mesozoic limestone and mudstone. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan J 54 23 Takatama 37 30 27N 37.5075 140 17 33E 140.2925 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 5 g/t Au, 40 g/t Ag. Production of 28 tonnes Au, 280 tonnes Ag from 3,300,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of NE, NW and EW-striking veins. Nine main vein systems occur. The EW-striking veins are Pb-Zn vein and NE-striking veins are Au-Ag veins. Main vein is 1,100 m long with average thickness of 1.6 m. Main deposit minerals are electrum, argentite, pyrargyrite and chlorargyrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and aularia. Wallrock show alteration by adularia and quartz. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite tuff deposited in the Takatama caldera. K-Ar isotopic age of adularia from the vein is 7.7 +/-0.4 Ma. Mining started around 1600 for Au. Mine closed in 1976. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1992; Seki, 1993. Japan J 54 24 Yaguki 37 11 13N 37.1869444444444 140 54 58E 140.916111111111 Cu, Fe Ag, W Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Average grade of 1% Cu, 3.8% Fe. Production of 67,000 tonnes Cu, 54 tonnes Ag. Kitakami Consists of three bodies in Paleozoic limestone. Main body is 350 m long, 600 m wide and 40 m thick. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and scheelite. Gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, epidote, quartz, diopside and calcite. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone, green schist and mudstone. The skarn formed by intrusion of Cretaceous granite. W minerals occur in clinopyroxene and garnet skarn. Deposit was discovered in 1394. Mine closed in 1978. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Sugki and others, 1988. Japan J 54 25 Sado 38 02 38N 38.0438888888889 138 15 58E 138.266111111111 Au, Ag, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Grade of 1-5 g/t Au, 30-100 g/t Ag, 0.1-0.3% Cu. Production of 78 tonnes Au, 2,330 tonnes Ag, 5,400 tonnes Cu, 15,300,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of seven main EW-striking veins. The main vein is 2,100 m long and 6 m wide. Host rock is Miocene dacite tuff, andesite tuff and mudstone. The main deposit minerals are native gold, argentite, pyrargyrite, pyroustite, miargyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chalcedony, calcite, barite, adularia, rhodochrosite, gypsum and sericite. Wallrock is altered to chlorite, albite, sericite, quartz and pyrite. K-Ar adularia ages for the vein are 134 + 0.5 and 14.5 + 0.5 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1601 and the mine closed in 1989. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Shikazono and Tsunakawa, 1982; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994a. Japan J 54 26 Yasou 37 03 29N 37.0580555555556 139 39 36E 139.66 Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 2-4% Cu. Production of 21,000 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of NW-striking veins. Three main vein systems occur. Main vein is 1200 m long with average thickness of 1.3 m. Kuroko type deposits also occur in the area. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, epidote and calcite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite tuff, Mesozoic granite and Paleozoic-Mesozoic sandstone and slate. Deposit formed in Miocene. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 27 Hitachi 36 37 38N 36.6272222222222 140 36 14E 140.603888888889 Cu Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 1.5% Cu. Production of 440,000 tonnes Cu, 40,000 tonnes of Zn. Hitachi Consists of eight stratiform bodies that occur in the Fujimi and Fudoutaki Groups. Bodies hosted in greenschist, biotite-quartz schist, sericite-quartz schist, and siliceous schist of Paleozoic Hitachi Metamorphic Rock. The Fujimi bodies occurs at, or near the contact between siliceous schist and overlying mafic to intermediate schist. The Fudoutaki bodies occurs in mafic and intermediate schist. Geochemistry indicate origin of basalt in a marginal basin. Calc-alkaline rock also indicates an island arc setting. The bodies extend about 3,000 m along strike and about 700 m downdip. Individual bodies range from 150 to 600 m along strike and 10 to 80 m thick. The main ore minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite. Other ore minerals are pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, magnetite, marcasite, cubanite, and valleriite. Gangue minerals are quartz, barite, biotite, chlorite, sericite, calcite, gypsum, and cordierite. Contact metamorphism from a Cretaceous granite occurs. Mining started in 1591 and ceased in 1981. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Kanehira and Tatsumi, 1970; Kase and Yamamoto, 1985; Omori and others, 1986; Mariko and Koto, 1994. Japan J 54 28 Nan'etsu 37 04 35N 37.0763888888889 139 03 28E 139.057777777778 Zn, Pb Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 8.5% Zn, 4.5% Pb, 0.4% Cu. Production of 13,000 tonnes Zn, 6,000 tonnes Pb, 350 tonnes Cu. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. Nine main vein systems occur. Main vein is 1,240 m long with average thickness of 2 m. Host rock is Mesozoic slate and Miocene biotite granite (Ookura granite). Veins are distributed in the area 3 kmx3 km around the granite stock. Main deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite and pyrrhotite. Minor deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, magnetite, cubanite and tetrahedrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite and chlorite, but amount of those are small. Wallrock show alteration by quartz, chlorite, calcite, epidote and sericite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 29 Tochigi 36 46 38N 36.7772222222222 139 49 08E 139.818888888889 Cu Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 1.3% Cu. Production of 30,000 tonnes Cu, 8 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of NS-striking and NW-striking veins. The veins occur in the area 1 km by 1 km. Main vein is 400 m long with average thickness of 0.15 m. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite, sphalerite and bismuthinite. Gangue minerals are chlorie, sericite, quartz, kaoline, fluorite and calcite. Wallrock show alteration by chlorite, sericite and quartz. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite tuff and quartz porpyry. Deposit was discovered in 1904. Mine closed in 1950. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan J 54 3 Yamada district 39 29 05N 39.4847222222222 141 52 00E 141.866666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 30-40% Mn. North Kitakami Consists of 22 Main bodies in the central part of the Kitakami mountains. Mn deposits of this district is also classified as Miyako and Kamaishi districts. Bodies occur in Jurassic chert and slate. Bodies are parallel to the bedding of the host sedimentary rock. Typical size of bodies are 50-200 m long and 0.5-2 m thick. Several thousands tonnes of Mn are mined at each deposit. One of largest body produced 62,000 tonnes of ore from 1942 till 1971. Deposit minerals are Mn oxide and rhodonite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969; Nambu and others, 1973. Japan J 54 30 Nebazawa 36 52 01N 36.8669444444444 139 19 45E 139.329166666667 Ag, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 3.1g/t Au, 202 g/t Ag. Production of 1 tonnes Au, 65 tonnes Ag, 322,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking veins. Ten main vein systems occur. Main vein is 1,800 m long with average thickness of 3 m. Host rock is Paleogene Katashinagawa rhyolite rock. Main deposit minerals are electrum, pyrargyrite, argentite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, adularia and calcite. Wallrocks exhibit silica and sericite alteration. K-Ar isotopic age of adularia from the vein is 5.5 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1902. Mining was started in 1941. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Nakano, 1981; Ochiai, 1981; Nakayama, 1986; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994a. Japan J 54 31 Takatori 36 29 54N 36.4983333333333 140 17 06E 140.285 W Sn, Cu W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.62% W. Production of 500,000 tonnes ore. Inner Zone Southwest Japan Consists of NW-striking veins. Three main vein systems occur. The veins are steaply dip to S. The veins occur in the area 1 km by 1.5 km. Main vein is 700 m long with average thickness of 0.65 m. Main deposit minerals are wolframie, cassiterite, chalcopyrite. Minor deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, stannite, sphalerite and bismuthinite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz. Minor gangue minerals are lithia-mica, sericite and chlorite. Wallrock show greissen alteration. Silicification and sericie alteration are also common. Host rock is Messozoic chert, sandstone and shale. Those are Mesozoic accretionary complex of the Yamizo Group. Deposit formed with relation to Cretaceous granitoid intrusion. Thin veins of aplite occur in the northern part of deposit. K-Ar isotopic age of muscovite from the vein is 73 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1908. Mine closed in 1986. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ogasawara and others 1993. Japan J 54 32 Ashio 36 38 39N 36.6441666666667 139 25 15E 139.420833333333 Cu, Zn, Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 20-30% Cu. Production of about 800,000 tonnes Cu, 4.5 tonnes Au, 600 tonnes Ag, 22,000 tonnes Zn. Northeast Japan Consists of NE-, ENE-, and EW-striking veins. Eight main vein systems occur. Each vein system consists of 100-300 veins. About 1,400 veins were minned. The Main vein is 2,100 m long and 0.2 m thick. The host rocks are Miocene rhyolite (Ashio Rhyolite) that occurs as a slightly elongated circular shape (4.4 by 3.3 km) on the surface and isfunnel-shaped. Most of veins occur in the rhyolite. At depth the deposit extends into a Mesozoic accretionary complex. The main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, arsenopyrie, and pyrite. Minor ore minerals are bornite, chalcocite, covellite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, wolframite, cassiterite, stannite, bismuthinite, and native gold. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, calcite, fluorite, and apatite. A zonal distribution of ore minerals occurs: a central zonewith Sn-W-Bi-Cu, an intermediate zone withCu-As-Zn, and a marginal zone with Zn-Pb-Cu-As minerals. Massive replacement ore bodies also occur Messozoic chert, and the ore minerals are similar to the veins. Wallrocks are altered to quartz, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Quartz-sericite-calcite alteration is the most common. A K-Ar isotopic age for altered tuff is 14.8 + 1.1 Ma. The deposit was discovered in 1550, mining started around 1600 for Au, and the mine closed in 1973. . Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Shibata and Ishihara, 1974; Omori and others, 1986. Japan J 54 33 Awano district 36 32 00N 36.5333333333333 139 32 00E 139.533333333333 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 30-42% Mn. Production of 55,000 tonnes Mn. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of 55 ore bodies in the eastern part of Ashio mountains. This district is also known as Kanuma district. Ore bodies are found in chert and slate of Jurassic accretionary complex. Main body has more than 250,000 tonnes reserve of Mn (30%). Ore bodies are parallel to the bedding of the host sediments. One of the ore bodies are 140m long and 3-8m thick. Ore minerals are rhodochrosite, tephroite, rodonite, manganese oxide, pyrite, and galena. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan J 54 34 Watarase district 36 34 08N 36.5688888888889 139 20 25E 139.340277777778 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 35% Mn. Resources of 180,000 tonnes. Mino-Tamba-Chugoku Consists of 48 bodies in central part of the Ashio mountains. Resources of four main bodies is more than 8,000 tonnes. Bodies occur in chert of Jurassic accretionary complex. Bodies are parallel to the bedding of the host sedimentary rock. One of the bodies are 50 m long and 3 m thick. Deposit minerals are rhodonite, rhodochrosite, Mn oxide and pyrite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan J 54 35 Gumma 36 39 04N 36.6511111111111 138 35 51E 138.5975 Fe Limonite from spring water Small Average grade of 49% Fe. Production of 850,000 tonnes from 1950 to1955. Resources of about 2,000,000 tonnes. Northeast Japan Occurs in the eastern foothill of Ksatsu-Shirane volcano above tuff breccia, and andesite. Deposit is more than 10 m thick and occurs along an old valley for 2,200 m, and is several tens to 200 m wide. Deposit formed by precipitation in the valley from a mineral spring from the Ksatsu-Shirane volcano. The ore mineral is limonite that is generally porous and reddish brown or dark brown. Jarosite occurs mainly in the upstream part of the deposit. At the upper part of the deposit, the mineral spring is still active. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Ota, 1957. Japan J 54 36 Kusatsu-Shirane district 36 35 45N 36.5958333333333 138 32 28E 138.541111111111 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 40% S. Northeast Japan The district contains seven main deposits located eastern and southern foothill of Quaternary volcano of Kusatsu-Shirane. One of the large body, Shirane deposit, has 300 m by 200 m diameteres with thickness of 25 m and has production of 67,000 tonnes S (from 1948-1954). Replacement from andesite lava. Deposit minerals are native sulfur and pyrite. Color of deposit is yellow to black, depending on amount of pyrite. Other minerals are opal, barite, alunite and clay minerals. Host rock show alteration opalization and alunitization. Shirane mine closed in 1973. Geological Survey of Japan, 1951; Ota, 1957; Imai and others, 1973. Japan J 54 37 Yonago 36 34 05N 36.5680555555556 138 24 52E 138.414444444444 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 24.8 % S. Production of 104,000 tonnes S (from 1934-1952), 618,000 tonnes ore (through 1951). Northeast Japan Consists of six main bodies and occurs western foothill of Quaternary volcano of Azumaya. Bodies are distributed in an area of 1,000 m (NS) by 600 m (EW). Deposit minerals are native sulfur and pyrite. Host rock is two pyroxene andesite of the Yonago lava, oldest lava of the volcano and is replaced by sulfur. Host rock alterations are opal, allunite, kaolinite and pyrite. Mining started at round 1630. Geological Survey of Japan, 1951; Ota and Katada, 1954; Uemura and Yamada, 1988. Japan J 54 38 Chichibu 36 01 02N 36.0172222222222 138 48 54E 138.815 Ag, Au, Zn, Pb, Fe Cu Zn-Pb (ñAg, Cu, W) skarn Medium Average grade of 5 g/t Au, 60 g/t Ag, 5.5% Zn, 0.45% Pb, 27.2% Fe. Production of 16.3 tonnes Au, 72 tonnes Ag, 100,000 tonnes Zn, 7,000 tonnes Pb, 440,000 tonnes Fe. Resources of 8,000,000 tonnes. Outer Zone Southwest Japan Consists of four ore bodies. The ain ore body is 350 m long, 600 m wide, and 40 m thick. The skarn occurs along the margin of a quartz-diorite and averages 30-50 m wide. The ore bodies occur between limestone and skarn. The skarn was formed during intrusion of Miocene quartz-diorite and quartz-diorite porphyry. The granitoids have I-type characteristics. The main ore minerals are native gold, native silver, sphalerite, galena, magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and limonite. The gangue minerals are hedenbergite, garnet, epidote, and diopside, quartz, and calcite. Host rocks are Paleozoic limestone and mudstone. K-Ar biotite ages from the quartz-diorite are 5.87 + 0.37 and 6.59 + 0.27 Ma. The aage of ore deposit formation is interpreted as 6.6. The deposit was discovered in 1205 and the mine closed in 1978. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ueno and Shibata, 1986; Ishihara and others, 1987; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1994a. Japan J 54 39 Omine 39 18 37N 39.3102777777778 141 40 40E 141.677777777778 Cu, Au, Ag Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Average grade of 6.2% Cu, 4.6g/t Au, 60 g/t Ag. Production of 27,000 tonnes Cu, 24 tonnes Ag, 1.5 tonnes Au. Kitakami Consists of two skarn bodies. Main body is 100 m long, 40 m wide and 150 m deep. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, cubanite, bornite and pyrrhotite. Minor minerals are sphlerite and molybdenite. Skarn minerals are diopside, garnet, wollastonite and epidote. Host rock is limestone, slate, sandstone and granodiorite. Deposit is related to the Cretaceous granodiorite. Deposit was discovered in 1914. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan J 54 4 Ani 39 58 10N 39.9694444444444 140 2 614E 140.037222222222 Cu, Au, Ag Pb Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 1.2% Cu, 4.8 g/t Au, 10 g/t Ag. Production of 56,000 tonnes Cu, 70 tonnes Ag, 0.5 tonnes Au, 1,000 tonnes Pb. Northeast Japan Consists of east-west and northeast striking veins. 8 main vein systems are present. Main Vein is 400m long with average thickness of 0.4m. Veins are present in the area 7km by 6km. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Minor ore minerals are malachite, chalcocite, galena, sphalerite, native copper, native gold, native silver, and hematite. Gangue minerals are mainly chlorite, quartz, sericite, sericite, calcite, and barite. Wall rocks show alteration by quartz, chlorite, and sericite Host rocks are Miocene altered andesite, tuff, sandstone, rhyolite, and granite. K-Ar ages of adularia are 11Ma. Mine opened in 1574. Mine closed in 1979. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yamaoka and Ueda, 1974. Japan J 54 5 Kamaishi 39 18 20N 39.3055555555556 141 42 40E 141.711111111111 Fe, Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Average grade of 30.9% Fe, 0.63% Cu for Cu-Fe ore. Production of 200,000 tonnesCu, 14,000,000 tonnes Fe. Kitakami Consists of twelve skarns bodies that occur in irregular masses. The main body is 660 m long, 100 m wide, and 450 m deep. The main ore minerals are magnetite and chalcopyrite. Minor minerals are cubanite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphlerite, hematite, arsenopyrite, scheelite, and molybdenite. Skarn minerals are hedenbergite,actinolite, diopside, garnet, and epidote. Host rock is Paleozoic limestone, slate, and sandstone, and Cretaceous granodiorite. Mine is related to a Cretaceous granodiorite with a K-Ar isotopic age of 119 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1727. Mining started by the government 1874 and completed in 1993. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Kawano and Ueda, 1965; Hamabe, 1979; Ichige and others, 1985; Haruna and others, 1990. Japan J 54 6 Arakawa 39 38 01N 39.6336111111111 140 25 13E 140.420277777778 Cu Ag, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 2.0% Cu. Production of 45,000 tonnes Cu, 17 tonnes Ag, 0.9 tonnes Au. Northeast Japan Consists of northeast striking veins. 13 main vein systems are present. Main vein is 1,050m long with average thickness of 1.2m. Veins are present in the area 4km by 7km. Main ore mineral is pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, calcite, barite, and gypsum. Wall rocks show alteration by quartz, chlorite, and calcite. Host rocks are Miocene tuffucious sandstone and mudstone, and rhyolitic. Deposit found in 1700. Mine closed in 1955. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968 Japan J 54 7 Akagane 39 10 32N 39.1755555555556 141 20 55E 141.348611111111 Cu, Fe, Au Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Average grade of 0.85 Cu; 41.265 Fe, 1.3 g/t Au, 10 g/t Ag. Production of 35,000 tonnes Cu, 104,000 tonnes Fe (-1960), 2.7 tonnes Au. Kitakami Consists of 23 skarn ore bodies. Main ore body is 40m long, 30m wide, and 100m thick. Main ore minerals are magnetite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite. Minor minerals are sphalerite and molybdenite. Skarn minerals are diopside, garnet, amphibole, sphene, and epidote. Host rocks are crystaline limestone, green stone, sandstone, and gabbro. Granite porphyry stock is present in the mine area, and conisidered to be directory related to the skarn ore formation. A large granodiorite pluton, Hitokabe pluton, occurs 200m west of the deposit. As granite porphyry is related to Hitokabe pluton, K-Ar age of the Hitokabe granodiorite, 117-114 Ma, indicate age of skarn deposit formation. Mineralization is related to the Cretaceous granite. Gabbro is considered to form local high temperature skarn charcterized with tilleyite, spurrite, and gehlenite. Mine closed in 1979. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Kawano and Ueda, 1965; Sumita, 1975; Bunno and others, 1982. Japan J 54 8 Tsuchihata 39 17 17N 39.2880555555556 140 46 49E 140.780277777778 Cu Zn, Ag, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 0.76% Cu, 3.42% Zn, 1.1g/t Au, 39 g/t Ag. Production of 4,524,000 tonnes ore (from 1925-1962) and 48,000 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of three main bodies. Main body is 250 m long, 250 m wide and 30 m thick. Stockwork part of Kuroko type deposit hosts the major part of the deposit. The stockwork consist of strongly silica-altered rhyolite and network quartz veins. Deposit minerals are more abundant in the upper part of the stockwork zone. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, pyrite, bornite, covellite, galena and sphalerite. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite and rhyolite tuff. Deposit was discovered in 1889. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Tanaka Mining Corporation, 1984. Japan J 54 9 Washiaimori 39 13 46N 39.2294444444444 140 52 00E 140.866666666667 Cu, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 4.99% Cu, 88 g/t Ag. Production of 25,000 tonnes Cu, 16 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking veins. Eight main veins occur. Main Vein is 900 m long with average thickness of 0.4 m. Veins occur in the area 2.4 km by 3.8 km. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Minor minerals are sphalerite and galena. Gangue minerals are mainly chlorite, with small amounts of quartz and calcite. Wallrock show silica alteration, chlorite and sericite alteration around the vein. Host rock is Miocene altered andesite. Mining started in 1905. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968 Japan K 47 1 Khatansuudal 42 54 00N 42.9 97 43 00E 97.7166666666667 Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Grade of 156.8-158.0 g/t Au, 167.8-172.6 g/t Ag, 0.003-0.005% Cu, 0.005-0.007% Zn, 0.0003-0.0004% As. Tomortein Nuruu . Occurrence is 30-50 m wide and 500 m long, and is in a latitudinal zone containing microdiorite, gabbro, and pyroxenite dikes. The host rock is intensely limonite-altered. The central part of the zone is sericite-, pyrite-, and carbonate-altered, and the marginal parts are epidote-, and carbonate-altered. There are widely distributed ladder veins that occur in intensely-altered dikes with a width of 1.0-15.0 m and a length of 20-100 m. Pyrite alteration is intensely developed in contacts of veins and ranges up to 50% altered rock mass. Veins strike NE, are 5.0-15.0 m long, and 0.01-1.0 m thick. Veins contain hematite, malachite, chalcopyrite, rare bornite, tetrahedrite, galena, and gold. Visible gold grains range up to 2-3 mm in quartz, and 0.1-0.5 mm in limonite. Quartz vein are partly mined in small open pits. Rock chip samples of quartz-sericite-carbonate replacement contains 11.7-18.6 g/t Au, and 6.5-8.0 g/t Ag, and are intensely altered. Quartz samples contains 156.8-158.0 g/t Au and 167.8-172.6 g/t Ag. Eleven grab and rock chip samples contains 0.03-1.0% and more Cu, up to 0.1% Pb, 0.02% Zn, 0.01% Sb, and 10-100 g/t Ag. Au-quartz vein mined out. To 100-300 m SE of the first zone are 3.0-20 m long and 0.1-0.5 m thick silica-altered and limonite-altered areas with ancient openpits. A grab sample contains 50 g/t Au, 60 g/t Ag, 0.0.1% Cu, Zn, Sb, and Mo. Cu sulfides are widely distributed in W and S parts, and a pyrite-quartz-siderite assemblage occurs in the E and NE area. Visible gold-bearing pyrite-quartz assemblage in two samples contains 14.57 g/t and 17.97 g/t Au, 7.64-19.4 g/t Ag, 0.003-0.005% Cu, 0.005-0.007% Zn, and 0.0003-0.0004% As. Sericite-carbonate-quartz-pyrite replacement rock chip sample contains 0.15 g/t Au, 0.25 g/t Ag, 0.002% Cu, 0.0005% Pb, 0.003% Zn, 0.0003% As. Silica-altered and pyrite-altered replacement rock chip sample contains 0.64 g/t Au, 0.74 g/t Ag, 0.0025 Cu, 0.0005% Pb, 0.002% Zn, 0.0004% As. Two grab samples of quartz-chalcopyrite assemblage contains about 20.0 g/t Au (Mongolia), 8.97-37.0% Ag, 0.2% Cu, 0.00025 Pb, 0.002% Zn. 0.0001% Bi, 0.0002% As. Five altered bodies are cut by ladder quartz veins. Twenty grab samples contains from 0.001 to 43.5 g/t Au. Four altered zones vary from 1.0 km to 3.0 km wide, and from 5.0 km to 10 km long. B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990; G. Dejidmaa and others, written commun.,1994; S. Sanjaadorj and others, written commun.,1998. Mongolia K 47 2 Qiyishan, Inner Mongolia 42 05 00 N 42.0833333333333 100 25 00 E 100.416666666667 Rb, W, Sn Mo, Be, Fe, Cu WñMoñBe skarn Medium Not available. Hartolgoi-sulinheer Consists of 71 small lensoid bodies that strike EW orientation and dip 50 to 65o. The largest body is 700 m long, extends 300 to 500 m downdip and ranges from 80 to 150 m wide. The bodies occur predominately in the contact-metamorphosed tuffaceous sandstone, and andesite in the exocontact zone and partly in the granite intrusion. The bodies consist of veinlets and disseminations and are complicated. The main deposit minerals are wolframite, scheelite, colloform Sn-minerals, molybdenite, cassiterite, lepidolite and quartz. Rb lepidolite ocurs. Deposit is closely related to a Jurassic biotite granite and granitic porphyry that was previously interpreted as a Rb-Li granite deposit. Deposit is not mined because of difficulty in ore dressing. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, 1996. China K 47 3 East Khatansuudal 42 54 00N 42.9 97 43 00E 97.7166666666667 Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Grade of 0.23-9.55 g/t Au. Tomortein Nuruu Consists of two showings, No.8 and the Engeriin Us. No.8 showing consists of altered, 2.0-8.0 m thick tuff and sandstone horizon cut by ladder-shape quartz veins that are hosted in a Devonian clastic and volcanic unit. Rock chip sample of limonite-altered quartz contains 3.0 g/t Au, 2.0 g/t Ag, 0.2% Cu, 0.03% V and 0.015% Co. About 50 m south of the zone, quartz veinlets with pyrite disseminations occur along exocontact of a felsite lens. Rock chip sample contains 5.0 g/t Au. The Engeriin Us showing consists of limonite-altered quartz veins that occur in a tuff and sandstone horizon. One rock chip sample contains 0.3 g/t Au, 1.5 g/t Ag and 0.3% Cu. Eleven altered zones of quartz veins occur along an area 20 km long and 5 km wide. The area occurs approximately 5-6 km in E of the Khatansuudal occurrence. The zones are from 1.0 km to 15 km long and from 0.5 km to 1.0 km wide. Three zones in the central part of the occurrence contain from 0.23 to 9.55 g/t Au in 14 sampling lines (33 samples). B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990; G. Dejidmaa and others, written commun.,1994;S. Sanjaadorj and others, written commun.,1998. Mongolia K 47 4 Talynmeltes 42 56 00N 42.9333333333333 96 32 05E 96.5347222222222 Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Average grade of 0.91 g/t Au, 0.79 g/t Ag, 0.005% Cu, 0.0002% Pb, 0.002% Zn, 0.0001% As. Tomortein Nuruu Hosted in intercalated Middle Devonian siliceous siltstone and fine-grained sandstone that are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, and are intruded by syn-orogenic, concordant Devonian gabbro, tonalite, granodiorite, and granite. Extensive ladder and concordant quartz veins occur in metamorphosed volcanic and clastic rock. Veins are intensively mined out from surface by openpit. The veins occur in three major zones 3 zones, KhB-I, KhB-II and KhB-III (Sanjaadorj and others, 1998). As an example, the KhB-I zone contains WNW-striking, steeply-sipping quartz veins that are parallel to bedding in host rock. The en-echelon veins range up to 1.5 m thick and 3.0 m long zone and occur in shear zones. Host rock is weakly to strongly altered to silica, pyrite and argillite. Grab sample of veins contain 2.44-2.91 g/t Au, 0.79 g/t Ag, 0.005% Cu, 0.0002% Pb, 0.002% Zn and 0.0001% As. Argillic replacement samples contain 0.1-0.15 g/t Au, 0.64 g/t Ag, 0.002% Cu, 0.00035 Pb, 0.007% Zn and 0.0002% As. Grab sample of pyrite and sericite-altered limestone contain 7.7 to 10.35 g/t Au, 1.58 g/t Ag, 0.003% Cu, 0.001% Pb, 0.003% Zn and 0.0002% As. Quartz-pyrite alterations contain 9.52-10.82 g/t Au, 1.92 g/t Ag, 0.05% Cu, 0.0002% Pb, 0.002% Zn and 0.0003% As. The zone may extend to up 275 m wide with good Au grade. Podkolzin and others, 1990; G. Dejidmaa, E. Sato, and S. Jargalan, written commun., 1994. Mongolia K 47 5 Liusashan, Inner Mongolia 41 28 00 N 41.4666666666667 99 37 00 E 99.6166666666667 Mo Ag, Au, W Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Not available. Hartolgoi-Sulinheer Consists of 18 irregularly-shaped bodies arranges in a circular zone with a circumference of over 1000 m long and 400-700 m wide. The deposit minerals consist mainly of quartz veins and quartz veinlets and the main minerals are molybdenite, gold, scheelite and quartz. Deposit is related to granite and granodiorite emplaced into the dacite, rhyolite and cataclastic rock of the Early Carboniferous strata. Deposit previous interpreted as a porphyry type. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, v. 3., 1996. China K 47 6 Guut hudag 43 05 14N 43.0872222222222 100 04 34E 100.076111111111 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Grading up to 1.07 g/t Au. Unassigned Interpreted as a siliceous paleovolcano intruded by mafic volcanic rock. The paleovolcano consists of rhyolite and dacite of late Paleozoic age that is intensively silica and partly argillite altered, and cut by quartz stringers in an area ranging 1.2 km by 4.0 km. Intensive silica-altered rock crops out in higher level elevation in small hills. Most of deposit is covered by eolian sand. 13 grab samples contain 0.001 to 1.07 g/t Au, up to 2.5 g/t Ag, 0.018-0.012% As, 0.0002-0.021% Sb, 0.001-0.024% Hg, 0.0004-0.005% Cu, 0.0002-0.0052% Pb, 0.0001-0.0038% Zn, and 0.0001-0.0045% Te by AAS analysis. 0.1-1.07 g/t Au occurs in silica-altered and argillite-altered rock with and without quartz stringers. The occurrence was discovered by Japanese-Mongolian joint exploration project the in the Altan-Tal area in Mongolia in 1995. N. Aizawa and others, written commun.,1996 Mongolia K 48 1 Shuteen 43 57 00N 43.95 107 38 00E 107.633333333333 Au Ag Epithermal quartz-alunite Unknown Up to 1.4 g/t Au. Harmagtai-Hongoot-Oyut Hosted in the late Paleozoic Doshiin Ovoo Formation composed of volcanic and sedimentary rock including andesite, tuffs and lava and agglomerate. There are widely distributed diorite, granodiorite and granite stocks and massifs coeval with the volcanic and sedimentary rock. The basement of the structure, consists of Early Carboniferous e Ikh Shankhai Formation that consists of clastic rock. There occurs sublongitudinal-trending, 8 km long and 3 km wide, intensive silica-altered rock at high elevation and argillite alteration under the silica cup. Argillic alteration is outcropped in the lower elevation level than silica replacement. The silica replacement has mostly massive, partly breccia texture. Pan concentrate stream sediment samples taken from Quaternary valleys cut the volcanic structure, often contains gold grains. Pan concentrate samples with gold grains are more thick concentrated in the central part of the structure, approximately 1-2 km S, S-W of the peak Shuteen Khanbogd. Ag, As, Sb and Bi geochemical complex anomaly aureoles occur. NW-trending, 1.5 km wide and 5 km long size IP anomaly of 7-9%o intensity, is discovered 1-2 km in SE of the Khan Bogd peak. A stockwork occurs at 80-100 m depth. Second same anomaly is defined in SE of the Shuteen Khan Bogd peak, in 100 m depth. By drill holes, occur intensive pyrite-altered replacement with chalcopyrite and gypsum stringers and nests in 100 m depth below the the surface. Occurring are intensive allunite- and diaspore-silica replacements. Potential for undiscovered porphyry Cu, or Cu-Mo, or Au-Cu-Mo, or polymetallic deposits occur under the silica replacement. Goldenberg and others, 1978; Khovan and others, 1982, 1983;; M. Korim and others, written commun., 1984; Korim and others, 1985; Sanjaadorj and others, 1996; Delgertsogt, 1997. Mongolia K 48 10 Huogeqi, Inner Mongolia 41 17 00N 41.2833333333333 106 51 00E 106.85 Cu Pb Zn S,Ag,In,Cd,Fe Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Large Average grade of 1.44% Pb, 1.46% Zn, 1.35% Cu. Reserves of 0.973 million tonnes Pb, 0.782 million tonnes Zn, 0.711 million tonnes Cu. Langshan-Bayan Obo Occurs in the Langshan Mountains and consists of stratiform bodies hosted in phyllite, schist, and quartzite of the Proterzoic Langshan Group that has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1100 Ma. Ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, galena, and sphalerite, with small amounts of arsenopyrite and hematite. Wallrock is altered to silica, diopsie-grunerite, biotite, sericite, and chlorite. Ge, Chaohua and others, 1994. China K 48 12 Dongshengmiao, Inner Mongolia 41 10 00N 41.1666666666667 107 04 00E 107.066666666667 Zn,Pb,Cu S Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Large Reserves of 40.8 million tonnes Zn. Average grade of 3.11% Zn. Reserves of 461,100 tonnes Pb. Average grade of 0.78% Pb. Langshan-Bayan Obo Consists of stratiform and lenticular ore bodies within the dolomite and carbonaceous slate of Proterozoic Chartai group(Sm-Nd modal age is 1531-1551Ma). Ore minerals are mainly pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, with small amounts of chalcocite, magnetite, arsenopyrite. Massive and banded ore structures are common. Ore beds and host strata are congruent from each other. The deposit is controlled by E-W trending Langshan anticlinorium. In its north limb, Cu is dominant with minor amounts of Pb and Zn while the content of Zn is high in its south limb. The ore district is 2.5km long(E-W) and 1-2km wide(S-N). It is located in the south margin of Inner Mongolian fold belt within the EW-striking Yinshan tectonic belt. Xu, Jiuhua and others, 1998. China K 48 13 Tanyaokou, Inner Mongolia 40 58 00N 40.9666666666667 106 50 00E 106.833333333333 Zn Cu Pb S Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Large Average grade of 1.78-3.22% Zn, 0.98% Cu. Reserves of 1,106,600 tonnes Zn, 466,000 tonnes Cu. Langshan-Bayan Obo Consists of several bedded, stratiform and lensoid bodies that are concordant to host rock. The host rock includesmainly dolomite (locally containing barite), carbonaceous slate, phyllite and schist, making up gently dipped anticlines and synclines. The deposit minerals include pyrite and minor sphalerite, chalcopyrite and are mainly massive and banded. The mineral zoning, in ascending stratigraphical sequence, are as the followings: the Cu and S bodies-Cu, Zn and S bodies (minor Cu and Zn) bodies. Zn/Cu ratio is 1/3. Deposit occurs in the western sector of the Frontier Longshan, 30 km SW to the Dongshenmiao Mine. The host strata in the mine belong to Mid Proterozoic Langshan Group, a cataclasitc-carbonate formation in that several layers of sodium and potassic felsic volcanic rock is intercalated. Shi, Lindao and others, 1994. China K 48 2 Khan Bogd 43 02 00N 43.0333333333333 107 04 00E 107.066666666667 Nb, REE Hf Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Unknown Average grade of 620 g/t Nb2O3; 0.8% TR2O3; 0.04% Hf. Harmorit-Hanbogd-Lugiingol Hosted in an Permian alkaline granite pluton of medium-grained arfvedsonite-aegirine granite with dikes of eckerite, pantellerite, grorudits, and alkaline pegmatite. Pegmatite contain REE minerals. Pegmatite consists of microcline, quartz, arfvedsonite, and elpidite, and local aegirine. Metasomatic zone of pegmatite contain aegirine and elpidite. The uppermost part consists of elpidite, Ti-silicate, accessory polilitionite, synchisite, monazite, sphene, and other REE minerals. REE content ranges up to 2-3%, Nb up to 1%, Th up to 0.07%, and Zr up to 7-8%. REE concentrated in synchizite, monazite, and REE sphene. Zr concentrated in elpidite and armstrongite. Vladykin and others, 1981; 1988; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia K 48 3 Oyu Tolgoi 43 00 10N 43.0027777777778 106 51 30E 106.858333333333 Cu Au, Ag, Mo Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Large 438 million tonnes grading 0.52% Cu and 0.35 g/t Au. Development underway. Tsagaansuvarga Hosted in a rhyolite and dacite volcanic wallrock and occurs in three main zones that are interpreted as two separate porphyry Cu centers. The central part of deposit consists of a multi-phase hydrothermal breccia that crosscuts an altered, fine-grained feldspar porphyry. Advanced argillic alteration occurs with several assemblages of quartz, alunite, dickite, pyrophyllite, sericite and other minerals that overprint older K-silicate and quartz-sericite-illite assemblages. The Cu deposit consists of a large supergene chalcocite blanket that replaces a pyrite-rich, hypogene chalcocite-covellite-tennantite assemblage that formed during advanced argillic alternation. A K-Ar alunite isotopic age of 117 Ma indicates formation of the supergene chacocite blanket in the central part of deposit formed in the Early Cretaceous. Younger dikes of andesite, rhyolite, and syenite intrude the host volcanic rock and are generally less-altered and lower-grade than other rock. Potassic alteration occurs mainly in intrusive rock in southern part of deposit. Cu and Au grades exhibit a positive correlation with intensity of quartz stockwork. Magnetite, chalcopyrite and bornite are the principle hypogene minerals along with with minor chalcocite. Oxidation extends to depths of 5 m to 85 m and is underlain by weak supergene minerals. Cu sulfides are associated with the sericite and potassic alteration. Cu grade correlates positively with frequency of quartz veinlets. Surface samples contain > 0.1% Cu, >0.005% Mo, >5 g/t Ag and >0.1 ppm Au over an area of 0.06 km x 0.6 km, including a zone 40 m x 250 m that contains >0.3%Cu. Secondary Cu enrichment is minor. K-Ar isotopic age of 411 Ma occurs for biotite from K silicate alteration and is interpreted as age of alteration and Cu minerals. Deposit is associated with small, structurally-controlled monzonite and diorite stock and dikes and that intrude Silurian and Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit and host rock are intruded by Carboniferous syenite. Deposit is large with an estimated 438 million tonnes grading 0.52% Cu and 0.35 g/t Au. A. Gotovsuren and others, written commun., 1995; Cox and others, 2000; Perello and others, 2001. Mongolia K 48 4 Zuun Togoo Uul 42 33 50N 42.5638888888889 107 35 40E 107.594444444444 Sb Ag, Au, As Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Grades up to 1.41% Sb. Resources of 15,000 tonnes Sb. Hartolgoi-Sulinheer Covers a surface area of 7 sq.km. and is hosted in Carboniferous limestone that is thrust over Permian volcanic and sedimentary rock and serpentenitized ultramafic rock along a sublatitudinal fault zone. The rock is intensely altered to stibnite and cut by a quartz vein stockwork with stibnite and other sulfides. NEE-trending quartz veins and veinlets are also abundant. Limestone is intensely altered to silica. Soil samples show a complex anomaly of Sb, W, Ni, As, Cr, Ba, Ag, Mo and Au. Grab rock and chip samples containe0.01-1.0% and more Sb, 0.01-1.0% As, 0.001-0.01% W, 0.005-0.02% Ni, 0.07-0.3% Cr, 0.002-0.02% Co, 0.0005-0.001% Mo, 0.007-1.0 g/t Au and 0.3-1.0 g/t Ag. A complex hard rock geochemical anomaly occurs in a 1.2. sq.km. area with average grade of 0.12% Sb, 0.19% As, 0.06% Ni and 0.14% Cr. 0.94-1.41% Sb. The anomaly coincides with the Zuun Togoo uul peak. Deposit minerals are stibnite, marcasite, pyrite, chromite, Niine, native silver, native gold and Fe oxides and various secondary minerals. A. Gotovsuren and others, written commun., 1995; Burenhuu and Gotovsuren, 1995. Mongolia K 48 5 Alag tolgoi 42 37 00 N 42.6166666666667 106 25 00 E 106.416666666667 Au Ag Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Average grade of 8.0 g/t Au. Tsagaansuvarga Consists of 13 stockworks and one silicified zone. All stockworks contain visible gold. The occurrence occupies a 4 - 5 sq km area in upper Devonian? age granite cut by intermediate and basic composition dikes. Quartz veins and stockworks are localized in 0.5 - 1.0 km wide and up to 3.5 km long zones localized in a fault zone. Quartz veins and veinlets are from 0.1 - 0.5 m to 2.0 - 6.0 m thick and dominantly oriented NW or in sub-latitudinal direction. The granite consists mostly of K-feldspar ( 45 - 60% ), quartz ( 25 - 30% ), plagioclase ( 15 - 20% ), and rare biotite, apatite and magnetite. Dolerite-basalt, diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry and granite porphyry dikes strike to NE and NW. The rocks are partly silicified, K-feldsparized and epidotized, and cut by quartz veins and veinlets following beresitization. Larger stockworks occupy from 60 sq.m to 150 sq. m, and small stockworks occupy 2 - 4 sq. m area. Quartz vein and veinlets occupy from 10 -15% to 25 - 30 % of these stockwork zones. Quartz veins dip to NE or to NW at an angle 40 - 45ø. Vein quartz is white grey, grey, and milky white, coarse grained, partly intensively crushed and limonitized, and contains a lot of leached nests. Chalcopyrite, galena and malachite are very rare. Thicker parts of veins rarely contain oxidized sulfide stringers and nests of thickness up to 0.1 - 0.15 m. Galena is developed mostly in veins located in NW part of the occurrence area, and chalcopyrite mostly in veins distributed in SE part. Main gangue mineral is quartz, and very rare sericite, chlorite and carbonates. Silicified zones are localized in NE-oriented fault zones. The largest is 650 m long and 30 - 40 m thick. Silicified zones are cut by quartz stringers and contain pyrite. Rock chip samples contain 0.1 - 20 g/t Au ; 0.3 - 200 g/t Ag; 0.0002 - 0.015% Mo; 0.007 - 1.0% Cu; 0.001 - 0.07% Bi; and 0.005 - 1.0% W. A. Gotovsuren and others, written commun., 1995. Mongolia K 48 6 Suhayt 43 07 00N 43.1166666666667 102 53 00E 102.883333333333 Au Ag Epithermal quartz-alunite Unknown Up to 1.4 g/t Au. Unassigned Hosted in an area of 1.0 km by 0.5 km, late Paleozoic dacite and rhyolite that is intensively silica altered. Silica-altered rock occurs in upper level and contains argillite alteration zones. Argillic alteration is intensive developed in lower elevation level. Breccia zone of length 100 m and with a thickness of 20 m, occurs in argillite-altered rock. 24 rock chip and grab samples contain 0.001-1.4 g/t Au, from 0.1 to 8.8 g/t Ag, 0.0006-0.0202% As, 0.0004-0.0034% Cu, 0.0001-0.014% Pb, 0.0001-0.0149% Zn, rare 0.0001-0.0025% Sb, up to 0.001-0.02% Hg and 0.0002-0.0052% Te by AAS analysis. Three samples taken from breccia zone contain 0.01-1.44 g/t Au, 0.2-8.8 g/t Ag. The occurrence was discovered in result of Japanese-Mongolian joint exploration project in the Altan-Tal area in Mongolia in 1995. N. Aizawa and others, written commun., 1996. Mongolia K 48 7 Khartolgoi 42 08 00N 42.1333333333333 104 55 00E 104.916666666667 Pb, Ag,Sb As, Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Averade grade of 1,8-13.4% Pb, 2,6% Sb. Resources of 60,000 tonnes Pb, 30,000 tonnes Sb, 138 tonnes Ag. Hartolgoi-Sulinheer Consists of Pb-Ag veins and lenticular bodies in Proterozoic metamorphic rock intruded by Triassic granitoid. Bodies have dimensions of 100x400 mx2-29x120 m. Wallrock hydrothermal alteration consists of carbonate and silica alteration. Ore minerals are galena, pyrite, antimonite, arsenopyrite, and Ag minerals. Major gangue minerals are chalchedony, siderite, quartz, and calcite. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990; Geology and mineral resources of Mongolia, 1999. Mongolia K 48 8 Zurkh 42 06 00N 42.1 104 53 00E 104.883333333333 Ag, Pb Barite vein Unknown Not available. Unassigned Consists of nodules, veinlets and lenses of barite-sulphide and barite occurring in a NE-trending fractured and brecciated zone 500 m long and up to 20 m wide. Host rock is late Precambrian limestone and Late Permian sandstone that are intruded by granite. The breccia zone consists of lenses of brown ironstone, Fe ochre and ochre of sulphide minerals. The barite occurrence is near the Khar-tolgoi epithermal Au-Ag-Pb deposit. The age of occurrence is Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. M.A .Anpilov and E.P. Shirai, written commun., 1953; Kleiner and others, 1977. Mongolia K 48 9 Khar morit 42 01 00N 42.0166666666667 104 54 00E 104.9 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Resources of 780 tonnes Sn, 65 tonnes WO3. Harmorit-Hanbogd-Lugiingol Consists of zones of greisen and veins in the apical part of a Li-F granite porphyry stock and in adjacent host rock. The granite has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 194ñ 9.06 Ma. The zones extend from 100 to 500 m long and up to 3 m wide. Deposit has two parts: cassiterite-wolframite-quartz vein; and cassiterite-wolframite-zinwaldite-quartz greisen; and (2) cassiterite-sulfide with Sn, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The ore minerals are cassiterite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite and rare scheelite and wolframite. Gangue minerals are quartz, muscovite, zinnwaldite, beryl, tourmaline, sericite, and chlorite. Most common are topaz and fluorite. A well developed oxidized zone contains relicts of sulfides and secondary minerals. Sn is very irrregular and locally very high. Deposit exhibits a complex formation, include Sn-sulfide, Zn-Pb and Be, Sn-W greisen, and Sn-W vein stages. The various stages are zoned and occur in the altered cupola of the stock with wolframite, and cassiterite, in the contact hornfels with cassiterite and sulfides, and cassiterite in host sandstone and shale. Associated Sn placer deposits also occur. Amory and others, 1994; Batbold, 1997. Mongolia K 49 1 Wenduermiao, Inner Mongolia 42 30 15N 42.5041666666667 113 02 05E 113.034722222222 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Medium Grade of 36.04% TFe (57.8-20% Fe). Resources 74million tonnes ore. Wunduermiao Consists of several stratiform deposits of banded magnetite-hematite quartzite and hematite-jasper silexite. Fe oxide minerals are very fine-grained. The host rock metamorphosed mafic lava, spilite tuff and argillite that are strongly folded. A Sm-Nb isotopic age for host rock is 1500 to 850 Ma. The host rock is part of an ophiolite suite composed of chert, pillow lava and ultramafic rock. The host rock is metamorphosed into quartzite, sericite schist, Fe minerals, greenschist and glaucophane schist. The belt is 50 km long and 20 km wide and contains more than ten moderate and small Fe deposits and occurrences. Cheng, Yuqi and others, 1994. China K 49 10 Khoit Barjin 42 41 00N 42.6833333333333 108 15 00E 108.25 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Grading up to 3.0 g/t Au. Hartolgoi-Sulinheer Occurs in the eastern part of Early Cretaceous siliceous subvolcanic, en-echelon bodies that occurs along a sublatitudinal fault zone. The Khoit Barjin hill subvolcanic body is cut by NE and sublatitudinal quartz veins that range up to 1.0 m thick and up to 50 m long. A NE-trending quartz vein zone contains parallel veins and contains coarse-bladed quartz that is partly fractured, brecciated, and and altered to limonite. A NNE-trending breccia zone occurs in siliceous volcanic rock and contains abundant disseminated fine-grained pyrite. N. Aizawa and others, written commun., 1996; Altangerel and others, 1998. Mongolia K 49 11 Saiyinwusu, Inner Mongolia 41 59 10N 41.9861111111111 110 05 10E 110.086111111111 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Wulashan-Zhangbei Occurs in a syncline, the core of that is slate of the Bilute Formation and the limbs of that are siliceous crystalline limestone of the Halahuote Formation. Both the two formations belong to the Proterozoic Bayan Obo Group. A ellipsoid Hercynian granite of 2 sq.km. intrudes into the core of the syncline. A series of NW-trending fracture zones and related quartz veins and metallic sulphide veins comprise the veins. There are two types of gold mineralizaion: altered rock type and quartz vein type. The deposit minerals occur in stockwork and masses. The deposit minerals are pyrite, some galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are plagioclase, orthoclase, microcline and quartz. Native gold is the main gold minerals. Alteration around the veins consists of alteration to limonite, hematite, pyrite, kaolinite. Minor amount of alteration to sericite, silica and carbonate minerals are also found. Hua, Ming, and Ma, Mintao, 1997. China K 49 12 Sulinheer group 42 25 00N 42.4166666666667 108 44 00E 108.733333333333 Cr Podiform chromite Unknown Up to 45% Cr203. Sulinheer Hosted in the Sulinheer ultramafic pluton that occurs along the border between Mongolia and China. The ultramafic pluton occurs in the major Sulinheer fault zone that that trends from NE to EW. The pluton ranges from 10 to 100 m2 and consists of serpentinite and serpentinitized peridotite and dunite. Listvenite composed of quartz, carbonate and pyrite forms thick zones in serpentinite. Deposits consist of massive, thick to intermediate size disseminations and layers of banded chromite. Thickness of massive chromite layers ranges from a few tens of cm to one meter. The ultramafics are weathered intensively and are cut by quartz-chalcedony-carbonate veinlets. The occurrence consists of two part located 800 m apart. The Eastern part contains 15 lenses that from 20 m to 100 m long, dip steeply and vary from 3.0-25.0 m wide. Massive chromite occurs in lenses from 0.35 m up to 1.0 m thick with up to 37-45% Cr2O5. Disseminations contain up to 11% and layers contain from 11% to 26% Cr2O5. Two steeply-dipping lenses-occur in the Western part with an average grade of 20% to 30% Cr2O5. Filippova and Vydrin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia K 49 13 Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia 41 52 00 N 41.8666666666667 109 58 00 E 109.966666666667 REE, Fe, Nb Th,Zr,F Polygenic REE-Fe-Nb deposit (Bayan-Obo type) Large Reserves of 40.1 million tonnes with average grade of 3-5.4% REE. Reserves of more than 1 million tonnes Nb2O5 with average grade of 0.1-0.14% Nb2O5. Superlarge deposit. Reserves of 470 million tonnes Fe. Langshan-Bayan Obo Occurs in a east-west trending Mesoproterozoic rift zone along the northern margin of Sino-Korean Craton. The mining district containing the deposit contains several ore bodies that occur in a zone that is about 18 km long in east-west trend and 5 km wide. Host strata are quartzite, slate, limestone,and dolomite that is main host rock. The bodies are stratiform and lenticular, with masses, bands, layers, and veins, and disseminations. Based on mineralogy, nine types of ores are identified about sixty Nb, REE, Ti, Zr, Nb, and Fe minerals including 19 new minerals such as Huanghoite and others. Besides clear features of hot water sedimentation, the deposit also exhibits Mg, Fe, Na and F metasomatism. Sm-Nd monazite isochron age for bastnaesite and riebeckite is 1200 to 1300 Ma, whereas Th-Pb and Sm-Nd age of Ba-REE-F carbonates and aeschynite is 474 to 402 Ma. Recent years Qiao Xiufu and others (1997) suggest that some host strata are early Paleozoic. Tu Guangzhi,1996; Lin Chuanxian and others,1994; Lin, Chuanxian and others, 1994; Qiao, Xiufu and others, 1997. China K 49 14 Sanheming, Inner Mongolia 41 26 00N 41.4333333333333 110 57 00E 110.95 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 34.82% Fe, 42.78% SiO2, 0.2467% S, 0.0102% P, 0.0058% As . Resources of 167 million tonnes Fe ore. Yinshan Consists of stratiform and layered Fe bodies in the Paleoproterozoic Sanminghe Group that is divided into six units, from lower to upper: lower amphibolite, lower magnetite quartzite, schist, middle amphibolite, upper magnetite quartzite and upper amphibolite. Varied small dikes also occur. Host rock is metamorphosed to amphibolite and greenschist facies. Deposits are stratiform and layered. Two Fe horizons occur. Deposit minerals are mainly magnetite, hematite and limonite and minor pyrite, tremolite and biotite. Typical textures are idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic, xenomorphic granular and granoblastic. Disseminated and banded structures are common. Deposit is divided into quartz-magnetite, quartz-amphibole-magnetite, amphibole-magnetite and amphibole-rich magnetite types. The second and third types are most important. Li, Rongdao, 1993. China K 49 15 Donghuofuang, Inner Mongolia 40 52 05N 40.8680555555556 111 07 05E 111.118055555556 Au Alkaline complex-hosted Au Medium Not available. Wulashan-Zhangbei The deposit belongs to altered rock type and occur as varied shaped veins in the places where the lower part of the Archean Wulashan Group and the Caledonian quartz diorite are widely exposed. The main minerals of the ores consist of quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and pyrrhotite. Native gold with high purity is the main gold-bearing mineral. The deposit saw three stages of evolution: quartz-pyrite stage, base metallic sulphide stage and carbonate stage. The alteration of the deposit include pyrite-bearing berecitization, silicification and potassic feldsparition. The outer alteration zone is featured by potassic feldsparition, midddle alteration zone by alteration to propylite, and the inner zone by pyrite-bearing berecitization and silicification. Gold mineralization is believed to be related to the alkaline complex(260-190Ma). Xu, Jiuhua and others, 1998. China K 49 16 Houshihua, Inner Mongolia 40 47 35N 40.7930555555556 110 50 05E 110.834722222222 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Wulashan-Zhangbei The deposit is located in the mylonitic zones in viened forms in chlorite amphibole schist, amphibole plagioclase gneiss and chlorite schist. The metallic minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, magnetite and hemtite. Non-metallic minerals include quartz, sericite, potassic feldspar, siderite, calcite and chlorite. Native gold is the main gold-bearing mineral. Four mineralization stages are divided: molybdenite-quartz stage, quartz-pyrite stage, base metallic sulphide stage and carbonate stage. Chalcopyrite and pyrite are host minerals for gold. Alteration of the gold mineralization is apparent and include epidotization, chloritization, sericitization, pyritization and carbonatization. A clear alteration zoning are also seen. Gold mineralization is believed to be related to the shearing processes of the Archean Wulashan Group of Metamorphic rocks--the suggested ore source rocks. The ore-forming time was probably 80­A5.6Ma(?). based on the dating on altered sericite. Xu, Jiuhua and others, 1998. China K 49 17 Jiashengpan, Inner Mongolia 41 13 50N 41.2305555555556 109 18 00E 109.3 Pb Zn S Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Large Grade of 1-2% Pb, 1.5-5.2% Zn. Reserves of 180,000 tonnes Pb,1,268,500 tonnes Zn. Langshan-Bayan Obo Consists of several bedded and stratiform bodies concordant to host rock. Main host rock include carbonaceous and silty dolomite and black carbonaceous slate. Bodies are folded with host rock and in the hinges of folds, the bodies are thickened and the grade is greater. The ore minerals occur in layers, masses, disseminations, laminae, and consist of pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and galena. The gangue minerals are dolomite, diopside, calcite, tremolite, plagioclase, K feldspar, and quartz. The vertical zoning in ascending order is Zn, Pb, and S. Deposit is hosted in the upper part of the Mesoproterozoic Ca'ertai Group in the Ca'ertai Mountains. Shi, Lindao and others, 1994. China K 49 18 Hadamengou, Inner Mongolia 40 45 10N 40.7527777777778 109 38 10E 109.636111111111 Au Au potassium metasomatite (Kuranakh type) Large Average grade of 5.21 g/t Au. Reserves of 20.86 tonnes Au. Wulashan-Zhangbei Occurs in veins in the middle and upper Archean Wulashan Group, mainly in garnet gneiss, granulite, magnetite quartzite, and cordierite-, sillimanite-, garnet and graphite-biotite schist, quartzite, and marble. Three km to the W is the Dahuabei potassic granite intrusion. The veins occur in clusters and swarms in large groups or plates. Three types of veins occur: (1) Au quartz vein with gold, quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite; (2) Au K-feldspar and quartz-K-feldspar veins with Au, K-feldspar, quartz, pyrite, sericite, chlorite, and specularite; and (3) Au potassic and silica-altered rock with gold, quartz, K-feldspar, albite, sericite, chlorite, calcite, and pyrite, and minor biotite, magnetite, muscovite, and garnet. Alterations include K-feldspar, silica, sericite, and carbonate alterations. Temperature of formation of the deposit vary from early high temperatures of about 400 to 450øC to a later, lower temperatures of about 172øC. Pressure is estimated at 425 to 461ñ105 Pa. Deposit is interpreted as forming during magmatic-related hydrothermal alteration related to the Dahuabei granite. Zhoukun, 1995. China K 49 19 Wulashan, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia 40 42 00N 40.7 109 24 15E 109.404166666667 Au Au potassium metasomatite (Kuranakh type) Large Not available. Wulashan-Zhangbei Hosted in Archean and Proterozoic metamorphic rock and Paleozoic and Mesozoic granite, east of the Dahuabei intrusion. There are three types of veins occuring along the bedding and schistosity of metamorphic rock: quartz-K feldspar vein, quartz vein and gold-bearing altered rock and gold-bearing carbonate-chalcedony vein. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is relatively simply, including pyrite, quartz, K feldspar, siderite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, native gold, native copper, magnetite, Ti-magnetite, arsenopyrite. The main alteration nearby the gold-bearing veins include K feldspar alteration, silica alteration, pyrite alteration, carbonate alteration, sericite alteration, kaolinite alteration and chlorite alteration. Among varied alteration, K feldspar alteration and chlorite alteration are mostly close related to gold deposition. Deposit is interpreted as related to the magmatic hydrothermal fluids derived from the Dahuabei intrusion and related dikes. Au probably came from the leaching of the Archean metamorphic rock and deposition time is probably Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Nie, Fengjun and others, 1989. China K 49 2 Sumochaganaobao, Inner Mongolia 43 05 05N 43.0847222222222 111 15 40E 111.261111111111 fluorite Hydrothermal-sedimentary fluorite Large Reserves of 10.250 million tonnes fluorite. Sumochaganaobo Consists of beds that extend up to 2900 m long, 1200 m wide, range from 0.49 to 22.48 m thick and extend to 588 m deep. Deposits are concordant to the host limestone, calcareous sandstone. The lower host layer is Early Permian siliceous volcanic lava, tuff and sedimentary rock that occur in a NE-dipping monocline. The fluorite textures are granoblastic, massive, laminated, or breccia. Deposit consists of fine-grained fluorite or fluorite, andquartz and minor calcite and clay. The fluorite layers display sedimentary features and are usually interbedded with argillaceous, calcareous and siliceous sedimentary rock. The Early Permian strata in the area have two fluorite-bearing layers. In an area of 500 sq.km. are more than twenty similar fluorite. The sedimentary features of the deposit are partly modified by intrusion of Cretaceous granite and hydrothermal fluorite veins. Chen, Xianpei and others, 1994. China K 49 3 Bieluwutu, Inner Mongolia 42 21 00 N 42.35 113 26 00 E 113.433333333333 Cu Base metals Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Medium Not available. Bieluwutu Hosted mainly in Late Carboniferous volcanic and sedimentary rock, and flysch of the Early Permian Sanmianjing Formation. Two unconformable sequences occur. The deposit horizon contains a lens of monomineralogic tourmaline rock and local hydrothermal breccia. In both the hanging wall and footwall is monomineralogic tourmaline rock. The deposit contains tourmaline inirregular lenses, masses, and peneocrystals. The deposit consist of four areas. The deposit minerals occur in stratiform layers, bands, and lenses. Main metallic minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, lesser galena, sphalerite, magnetite, arsenopyrite, realgar, and orpiment. The deposits are mainly hosted in a transitional horizon between the fine-grained tuffeous sandstone and rhyolite and dacite, and are concordant to host rocks. Alteration is not well developed However, a weak alteration zonation consists of chlorite grading to carbonate to sericite to silica to K-feldspar minerals from the lower to upper parts of the deposits. Zhang Hongtao and Nie Fengzhun, 1994. China K 49 4 Aobaotu, Inner Mongolia 43 03 10 N 43.0527777777778 111 02 10 E 111.036111111111 Fluorite Hydrothermal-sedimentary fluorite Medium Not available. Sumochaganaobo Consists of fluorite or fluorite and quartz making up banded-laminated, massive and breccia ores. The shape of the ore bodies is very complicated and the ore bodies show disconformable relation to their host rocks of carbonaceous slate, some limestone, rhyolitic crystallinoclastic tuff, rhyolite and dacite. The host rocks locally contact metamorhosed. Ores partly exhibit sedimentary features. Deposit occurs 8 km to the east of the Sumochaganaobao fluorite deposit. Chen Xianpei and others, 1994. China K 49 5 Hadamiao, Inner Mongolia 42 06 45N 42.1125 113 48 05E 113.801388888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Not available. Wulashan-Zhangbei Deposit occurs mainly in an intrusion of granite porphyry and the contact zone of a porphyry intrusion and quartz diorite. Some gold occurs in quartz-tourmaline veins in tubes in volcanic breccia. There are two types of gold deposit: porphyry Au deposit occurs in porphyry intrusion and at the contact zone. The abundance of gold is closely related to amounts of quartz-tourmaline veins and quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite veins. The bodies occur in veins, and lenses. Gold in volcanic breccia occurs in veins or lenses. Intensity of depositionrelated to degree of silica, tourmaline, pyrite, and epidote alterations. Ore minerals are gold, spectrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite, hematite, scheelite, and limonite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, tourmaline, biotite, and calcite, whereas altered minerals are sericite, chlorite, epidote, and kaolinite. The ore minerals occur in disseminations, veinlets, and varied replacements. Deposit exhibits multiple stages of evolution. Alteration around the veins consist of silica, tourmaline, K feldspar, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate alterations , among which silica, tourmaline, and sericite alterations are closely associated with gold deposition. Deposit belongs to magmatic hydrothermal deposit related to granite porphyry with a K-Ar isotopic age of 182+2.6 Ma. Nie, Fengjun and others, 1989. China K 49 6 Tsagaan Suvarga 43 52 20N 43.8722222222222 108 20 00E 108.333333333333 Cu, Mo Ag, Re, Au, Se, Tl Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Resources of 317.5 million tonnes ore grading 0.53% Cu, 0.018% Mo. Resource of 119.68 tonnes Re, 26 tonnes Au, 810 tonnes Ag. Tsagaansuvarga Consists of stockwork veinlets and veins of quartz, chalcopyrite and molybdenite that occur in or near porphyritic intrusions (Yakovlev, 1977; Sotnikov and others, 1985; Gotovsuren 1991; Lamb and Cox, 1998). Deposit is hosted in the Late Devonian Tsagaan-suvarga granosyenite and granodiorite porphyry stock that is overlain by Carboniferous volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit and host rock is structurally controlled by an important NE-striking fault. The pluton exhibits both potassic and sericite alteraton. Companion sulfides are cut by felsic dikes and hydrothermal breccia. Cu and Mo minerals occur in centers of potassic alteration. Grade correlates positively with quartz veinlet intensity. Secondary Cu enrichment is minor. Alteration zone is 50 to 400 m wide and extends for 1 or 2 km. Major deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, barite, covelite and local chalcocite and molybdenite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, azurite, malachite and calcite. Alteration minerals are quartz, K-feldspar and sericite and local biotite or chlorite. The highest grade part of the deposit occurs in the potassic alteration zone that contains a well-developed quartz vein stockwork. Intensity of potassic alteration increases with depth. Yakovlev, 1977; Sotnikov and others, 1985; Gotovsuren 1991; Lamb and Cox, 1998. Mongolia K 49 7 Bainaimiao, Inner Mongolia 42 18 00 N 42.3 112 47 00 E 112.783333333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Average grade of 0.91% Cu. Reserves of 373,200 tonnes Cu. Bainaimiao Consists of several parallel veins in a early Paleozoic granodiorite porphyry in a northern belt, and in greenschist at the contact of a porphyry the southern belt. Ore minerals occur in disseminations and veinlets and consist mainly of pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, quartz, and 30 other minerals. The host rocks are altered mainly to K feldspar, biotite, and quartz. Alteration to sericite, chlorite, epidote and carbonate minerals also occurs. In the northern belt, alteration zones around the porphyry intrusion outwards is K feldspar (biotite zone), silica, chlorite, and epidote. In the southern belt, alteration zones are K feldspar, silica, biotite, chlorite, and epidote. The deposits are closely related to the silica alteration. The host granodiorite porphyry has a U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 466 to 694 Ma. The host metamorphic rock (of the Bainaimiao Group) is intruded by porphyry and consists of Mesoproterozoic island arc volcanic and sedimentary rock with a U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 1,130 Ma. These metamorphic rocks underwent Late Silurian intense shearing. The host granodiorite porphyry is controlled by east-west-trending ductile shear zones. Chen Qi and others, 1994. China K 49 8 Horgo uul 43 40 45N 43.6791666666667 108 17 40E 108.294444444444 Sr Sedimentary celestite Unknown Average grade of 45.59% Sr. Govi-Tamsag Consists of 1.0-5.0 cm thick layers of celestite in Early Cretaceous sandstone. Celestite also occurs as isometric black concretions with a diameter 0.3-0.4 cm and in celestite roses. Concretions contains up to 6.56% Sr. The thickness of celestite-bearing beds with concretions ranges from 10 m to 50 m. The beds are intercalated with barren sandstone (up to 0.07% Sr) beds that range from 50-100 m thick. V.I. Goldenberg and others, written commun.,1978. Mongolia K 49 9 Lugingol 42 58 00N 42.9666666666667 108 03 00E 108.05 REE Sr, Ba, Y, F REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Small Reserves of 14,000 tonnes grading 0.5-3.5% TR2O3, 50.7% Ce, 33.0% La, 5.0% Nd, 2.85% Sr, 1-5% Ba, 0.03-0.3 Y, 5-20% CaF2. Harmorit-Hanbogd-Lugiingol Consists of bastneasite carbonatite dikes that occur mainly along the contact zone of the Lugingol alkaline nepheline syenite pluton that intrudes Permian sedimentary rock of the Lugin gol Formation (Batbold, 1997). For the Lugiin gol nepheline syenite pluton a Rb-Sr whole rock isochron age is 244ñ22.4 Ma and a Rb-Sr whole rock-mineral isochron ages are 222ñ3.2 and 180 to 199 Ma (Kovalenko and others, 1974; Munkhtsengel, Iizumi, 1999). K-Ar isotopic ages range from 228 to 242 Ma (JICA and MMAJ, 1992). A linear to oval eruptive breccia, cemented by carbonatite, crops out in the western part of the pluton. Carbonatite veins occur in the pluton, host rock and along the contact. Pluton is altered fluorite, feldspar, sericite, hematite and Fe sulfides. The veins trend N or E, range up to 430 m long and 0.1 to 0.8 m thick. Synchysite is predominant deposit mineral and gangue minerals are fluorite and calcite. Ya. Ubern and others, written commun., 1986; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Batbold, 1998. Mongolia K 50 1 Dajing,Inner Mongolia 43 45 00N 43.75 118 33 00E 118.55 Ag,Sn Cu,Pb,Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Daxinganling Located in the block dome in the southwest part of Huanggang-Wulanhaote metallogenic belt.Mesozoic volcanic basin is distributed to its south.NW-,NNW-,and NE-striked faults control the formation and distribution of ore bodies and granite.The only exposed strata are late Permian Linxi formation,which is a seriesof terrigenous lacustrine sedimentary rocks and consists of sandstone,slate,pelitic-silty slate,medium-to fine-grained graywacke, siderite nodule- and P-siderite nodule-bearing sitstone,and marl.Ore bodies are mainly developed in the upper part of marl layer and below the P-bearing horizon.Yanshanian moyite and various kinds of dykes are discovered in the deposit,which are basaltic porphyrite, felsophyre, dacitic porphyry.The dykes yield K-Ar ages of 84.09-213.5Ma,which are pre-ore dykes.The already proved mineralizing area is 3--2.5km2,which consists of over 200 veins.Ore bodies are as irregular vein,composite vein,crosscut vein,network,which are controlled by NW,NWW trending faults and take the shapes of "S" and "W" in the surface. Ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite,pyrite,arsenopyrite, sphalerite,galena,cassiterite, marcasite. And quartz, siderite, chlorite, calcite and sericite are the main gangue minerals.Wallrock alterations are silicification,sericitization, sideritization, chloritization, tourmalinization,dolomitization,calcitization and fluoritization.The ore-forming temperatures are 140-370 Celsius degree. Li, Henian and others, 1994; Zhang, Dequan and others, 1994. China K 50 10 Honghuagou, Inner Mongolia 42 10 10N 42.1694444444444 118 55 50E 118.930555555556 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 15.22 g/t Au. Reserves of 2.67 tonnes Au. Yanshan Occurs in an area where Archean metamorphic rock, Jurassic volcanic rock and Mesozoic granite are exposed. Gold veins occur in secondary faults of large regional faults. The ore minerals are pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and Cu, Ag, and Pb-bearing sulfate minerals. Local pyrrhotite, bornite, and some secondary minerals occur. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, kaolinite, and carbonate minerals. Main gold-hosting minerals are pyrite and magnetite. The ore minerals are deformed granules, veins, masses, disseminations, and bands, and exhibit metasomatic textures and structures. Three main depositional stages occur: early quartz, middle quartz-pyrite, and later quartz-carbonate. Around the gold-bearing quartz veins, is an alteration zone that is 0.1-0.5 m wide anlc includes pyrite-bearing beresite, chlorite, propylite, and local carbonate alterations. Deposit is interpreted as a mesothermal magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. Li, Yinqing, and Ai, Yongde, 1991. China K 50 11 Xiaotazhigou, Liaoning Province 41 52 00N 41.8666666666667 119 46 00E 119.766666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan The strata dominating in the area consist of amphibole plagioclase gneiss, biotite plagioclase gneiss and pyroxene plagioclase granulite of the Xiaotazhigou Formation of the Archean Jianping Group, Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Mesozoic volcanic rocks. Gold occurs the S of a quartz monzonite stock, showing their close relation. Eighteen quartz veins and altered zones are controlled by EW-, NEE-, and SWW-trending faults. The deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations, beccia, bands, miarolitic structures and exhibit metasomatic and cataclastic textures. Gold deposition shows close spatial relationship to pyrite alteration, alteration of chalcopyrite, silica alteration, sericite alteration, chlorite alteration and biotization. Main deposit minerals include electrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, scheelite and bornite. Gangue minerals consist of quartz, sericite and carbonate minerals. Gold minerals occur in pyrite, quartz, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite as fissure and interstitial filings and inclusive inclusions. Xu, Wanchen, 1996. China K 50 12 Anjiayingzhi, Inner Mongolia 42 05 00 N 42.0833333333333 118 48 20 E 118.805555555556 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan The deposit occurs in a site where the metamorphic sequence consisting of potassic feldspar granitoid gneiss, two feldspar biotite gneiss, biotite plagioclase gneiss, amphibolite and marble of the Jining Group were intruded by two Mesozoic intrusion-- Anjiayingzhi coarse, para-porphyritic quartz monzonitic granite dated at 189Ma. by U-Pb method and Ma'anshan biotite granite batholith dated at 170.8Ma by K-Ar method. 95% of gold veins occur in the coarse, para-porphyritic monzonitic granite and its external conctact zone, but gold veins with industrial significance are mostly limited to the granite and its contact zone. The ores consist mainly of pyrite, quartz, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and gold. Gold mainly occurs in the fissures and fractures of pyrite. Gold vein in the deposit has apparent mineralization zoning from the core outwards: ore bodies( mainly gold-bearing massive pyrite)-- silicified pyrite zone--pyrite-bearing berecitization zone--chloritization pyrite zone--unaltered rocks. Gold mineralization is believed to be related to the monzonitic granite. Zhang Kuiwu and others 1998. China K 50 13 Reshui, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia 42 01 00N 42.0166666666667 118 45 00E 118.75 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Yanshan Occurs in the biotite amphibole plagioclase gneiss of the Archean Reshui Group. Gold lodes are controlled by a series of NNE and NW extending compressive faults and are mainly quartz vein deposits. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, gold, quartz, with minor amount of sericite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Limited alteration include chlorite alteration, silica alteration, pyrite alteration, sericite alteration, pyrite beresite alteration. Pyrite beresite alteration occurs near the deposit and is closely related to gold deposition. Native gold and spectrum are the main gold-bearing minerals. The deposit minerals occur mainly in veins and local veinlets, disseminatins, stockwork. In gold veins are various dikes of diorite porphyry. To the S of the mine a Mesozoic granite stock is exposed and may be responsible for gold deposition. The timing of gold deposit was probably a multiple processes, with a predominate event of magmatic hydrothermal fluid during the Yanshan Orogeny. Wang, Chuantai, and Gao, Yumin, 1992. China K 50 14 Xiaojiayingzi, Liaoning Province 41 29 00N 41.4833333333333 119 50 00E 119.833333333333 Mo Cu,Fe WñMoñBe skarn Medium Average grade of 0.23% Mo. Reserves of 92,529 tonnes Mo. Yanshan Consists of veins, pods and pockets along a contact zone between Xiaojiayingzi intermediate-mafic intrusive and dolomite layer of Neoproterozoic Wumishan formation. Xiaojiayingzi intrusive is a multstage composite igneous body. Medium-grained diorite and gabbro and diabase formed at the first stage with K-Ar isotopic age of 177 Ma, whereas fine-grained prophyritic diorite formed at the second stage with a K-Ar isotopic age of 113 Ma. Main deposit minerals are molybdenite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrite, sphalerite and galena, that occur as disseminations, networks, veinlets. Wallrock alterations are the early-stage skarn and late-stage silica, K-feldspar, carbonate alterations and serpentinization. Mo minerals are closely related to the late-stage alterations both temporally and spatially. Deposit occurs at the transition zone between Inner Mongolian Archean uplift and Yanshan Proterozoic depression. Huan, Dianhao and others, 1994. China K 50 15 Xiaokouhuaying, Weichang, Hebei Province 42 06 04N 42.1011111111111 117 39 10E 117.652777777778 Ag Mn Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. Yanshan The strata exposed in the mine belong to the Late Jurassic felsic pyroclastic rock of the Zhangjiakou Formation. Several small granite porphyritic stocks related to the the deposit and intrude into the pyroclastic rock. Deposit veins are controlled by NNW-trending faults and have a strike length of 1200 m. The deposit minerals consist mainly of quartz, rhodochrosite, barite, galena, sphalerite, argentite, The mineralizing temperature is measured at 140-160 C and age is dated at 79.1 Ma. Deposit is interpreted as epithermal veins. Guo, Guangjun, and Wang, Shiqi, 1998. China K 50 16 Taipinggou, Liaoning Province 41 10 05N 41.1680555555556 119 32 30E 119.541666666667 Mn Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Medium Not available. Yanliao-2 Consists of about three main stratiform and lensoid bodies that occur conformable with black-dark gray shale. The host sequence belongs to the upper part of the Tieling Formation, the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Group. The sedimentary environment is interpreted as a shallow sea, but slightly farther from the shore line than the sedimentary enrironment of the Wafangzi deposit. The deposit minerals occur mainly in masses and layers and consist rhodochrosite. No manganite, that is widely present in the Wafangzi deposit, occurs in this deposit. Ye, Lianjun and others, 1994. China K 50 17 Xiaosigou, Pingquan County, Hebei Province 41 03 00N 41.05 118 36 03E 118.600833333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Average grade of 0.73% Cu, 0.086% Mo. Reserves of 132,000 tonnes Cu. Yanshan Occurs in the NE side of a granodiorite porphyry dike and the area with economic significance are Mo minerals in the dike and Cu (Mo) minerals at the contact of the dikes. The bodies occur as lense swarms trending NW. Molybdenite and chalcopyrite occur in disseminated, veinlet and stockwork forms. Near-deposit alteration is very intense and exhibits multiple stages. Alteration in the dike includes potassic, sericite, greisen alteration and alteration to clay minerals. At the contact zone and in the host rock, typical alteration include serpentinization and alteration to calcic skarn. Xu, Qidong and others, 1993. China K 50 18 Gaositai, Hebei Province 41 10 00N 41.1666666666667 118 10 10E 118.169444444444 Cr Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Small Average grade of 14.12% Cr2O3; locally up to 40% Cr2O3. Reserves of 170 thousand tonnes ore. Damiao Consists of a number of chromite bodies hosted in serpentinizied dunite and diopside pyroxenite that form part of an untramafic intrusion that is 9 km long and 1 km wide. The intrusion intrudes Early Precambrian metamorphic rock. The chromite bodies occur in veinlets and disseminations and rare masses. The ore minerals grade into host rock. Deposit occurs in the northern margin of the North China Platform in the Yanshan Mountains. Nearby are a number of similar small chromite deposits that occur along an EW trend. Cheng, Yunchung and others, 1996. China K 50 19 Baizhangzhi, Liaoning Province 40 50 03 N 40.8341666666667 119 05 00 E 119.083333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Yashan The strata exposed in the area belong to the Mid Proterozoic Changcheng and Jixian systems. Jurassic strata are to the south of the mine. Baizhangzhi granite intrusion occurs in the center of the mine and is oriented in NNE direction. Gold ore bodies mainly occur in the Baizhangzhi granite intrusion(80%), some ore bodies occur in the sandstone of the Dahongyu Formation at the external contact zone of the granite intrusion(20%). The shape of the ore bodies are veined and lenticular. The ores are featured by disseminated and massive strutures, but banded and breccia structures are also found. The metallic mienrals include pyrite mainly, then chalcopyrite, molybdenite, galena and minor sphalerite, native bismuth, galenobismutite and arsenopyrite. Electrum and gold are the main gold minerals and pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena are the major gold-hosting minerals. The mineralization in the deposit could be divided into three stages: pyrite-quartz vein; base metallic sulphide-quartz vein and carbonate-quartz vein. Alteration include potassic feldsparization, albitization, pyritization, carbonitization, sericitization and chloritization. The temperature for major mineralization stage is 180-270 ­‘. Wei, Yohui, 1992. China K 50 2 Anle, Inner Mongolia 43 44 10 N 43.7361111111111 117 38 10 E 117.636111111111 Sn Cu, Ag, Pb, Zn, W, Bi, Au Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Not available. Daxinganling Deposit hosted in carbon-bearing silty slate, siltstone of the Lixi Formation in the between of the two granite and granodiorite intrusions formed during Hercynian to Yanshan orogenies. The mineralized area is about 50 square kilometers and conisists mainly of Sn mineralization. The mineralized zone is about 2-4 km long and 1-2 km wide. The ore bodies are in veined or complicated veined forms. Main ore bodies have clear boundaries with their hosting rocks. The ore minerals include cassiterite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite, minor amount of wolframite, scheelite, native silver, native bismuth, vitreous Ag, silver tetrahedrite and others. Gangue minerals in the ores include quartz, minor amount of biotite, chlorite and flourite. The ores are of idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic crystalline, some metasomatic, crashing, and solid solution textures and are of disseminated, massive, veinlet-stockwork and breccia structures. It is observed that Sn ore bodies cut through a diorite porphyrite dyke dated at 221.34Ma. by K-Ar method in adjacent area and meantime, the ore bodies was cut by a granite porphyry dated at 132.4Ma by Rb-Sr method. So it is suggested that Sn mineralization took place during Hercynian-Yanshan periods. The deposit belongs to multimetallic veins formed at relatively shallow depth and moderate high temperature. Wan and Kaihua, 1998. China K 50 20 Niujuan, Fengning, Hebei Province 41 22 05N 41.3680555555556 117 20 05E 117.334722222222 Ag Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 281 g/t Ag. Yanshan Hosted in metamorphic rock of the Proterozoic Hongqiyingzhi Group and the Late Jurassic volcanic rock that is intruded by the medium-to coarse-grained Gangou granite, fine-grained Dongtai, granite and Yushugoumen quartz diorite. The granitoids have a U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 245.1 Ma. The main deposit occurs in veins in siliceous breccia controlled by faults. The breccia are very complicated and contain fragments of various granite, quartz veins, feldspar and quartz. The breccia cement is chalcedony and has an isotopic age of 120.66 Ma. Deposit exhibits seven stages: sericite, siliceous rock (chalcedonite), suphide, pyrite-quartz, purple fluorite, white fluorite and kaolinite. The second stage is the most important. The main deposit minerals are sericite, chlorite, pyrite, quartz, adularia, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, marcasite, chacopyrite, magnetite, native silver, Ag tetrahedrite, fluorite, kaolinite and quartz. Deposit-forming temperatures range from 220 to 350øC and pressures from about 12.6 to 26.0 Mpa. These data suggest a hot spring origin. Liu, Fengshan, and Zhang, Guohui, 1997. China K 50 21 Damiao, Hebei Province 41 10 00N 41.1666666666667 117 53 00E 117.883333333333 Fe, Ti, V Apatite Cu, Ni Cr Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Reserves of 62 thousand tonnes V2O5. Average grade of 0.16-0.39% V2O5; Reserves of 2 million tonnes TiO2. Average grade of 7.17% TiO2. Reserves of 47 million tonnes Fe ore. Grade of 32-34% Fe. Damiao Consists of a number of lenses and veins. The larger deposits extend along strike up to 300 to 500 m, extend downdip to 500 m and range from several tens to a hundred meters thick. The deposits occur at the contact zone between anorthosite and gabbro, or in the dikes of anorthosite and gabbro. The ores are mainly massive Ti- magnetite, minor ilmenite, and sparse pyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are chlorite, amphibole, plagioclase, and minor apatite. P2O5 content is 0.07%. Also occurring is stockwork mainly in the gabbro adjacent to the contacts with anorthosite. The ore minerals are disseminated and are mainly Ti magnetite, ilmenite, plagioclase, augite, hypersthene, actinolite, chlorite, apatite, rutile, and sulphides. P2O5 content is 0.59 to 0.93% and Fe content is less than 20%. The host mafic intrusion intrudes Early Precambrian units along the northern margin of the Sino-Korea Craton, and is controlled by east-west-trending ional faults. K-Ar isotopic ages for the anorthosite range from 604 to 992 Ma. Cheng Yuqi and others, 1994. China K 50 22 Luoguozigou, Hebei Province 41 08 10N 41.1361111111111 117 48 15E 117.804166666667 P V, Ti Fe Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Not available. Luoguozigou Occurs in a mafic-ultramafic norite intrusion that occurs along a major fault of the North China Platform. Apatite grade is low and P2O5 varies from 7 to 10%. The grades of V, Ti and Fe are relatively high. Deposit minerals occur uniformly with no zoning. The isotopic age of the intrusion is 245 to 260 Ma. Li, Ruiyan and others, 1994. China K 50 23 Xiazhangzhi, Hebei Province 40 28 03N 40.4675 119 45 05E 119.751388888889 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Deposit is hosted by Archean migmatite and Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rock. Varied dikes are also seen in the mine. The belts are several tens to more than thousand of m long and fraction of meter to more than ten m wide. The bodies are stratiform, lenticular and veined. The main deposit minerals include gold, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and minor amount of molybdenite, tetrahetrite, arsenopyrite, cinnabar, realgar, orpiment and hessite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, calcite, chlorite and opal. The deposit minerals exhibit idiomorphic granualar, xenomorphic granular, inclusion and cataclastic textures. The deposit minerals occur in veins, veinlets, breccia, disseminations and combs. The the deposit is divided into three types: altered metallic sulphide breccia; metallic sulphide-comb quartz vein and disseminated K-feldspar-altered rock. Four deposition stages occur: K feldspar; silica alteration-base metal sulphide; base metal sulphide-comb quartz and carbonate. The second and third stages are closely related to gold deposition. Alteration around the veins include K feldspar, silica, pyrite and carbonate alteration. The purity of gold is 835-929. The ore forming hydrothermal fluids are believed to derive from magmatic hydrothermal solution and meteoritic precipitation. Deposit-forming temperature is about 200 C and pressure about 19.21 mPa. Li, Jiliang, 1996. China K 50 24 Jiaodingshan, Chengde, Hebei Province 40 58 00N 40.9666666666667 118 15 00E 118.25 Pb Zn,Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Yanshan Deposit occurs in Mayangou quartz porphyry pipe that dips inward and forms a funnel in vertical section. The margin consists of cataclastic breccia and the center consists of intrusive breccia and the pipe could be an explosive pipe that is one part of the Qiaodingshan granite porphyry. The Ag-bearing galena and sphalerite form cement in the breccia. Main alterations are include quartz-sericite, carbonate, and fluoritie alterations. Deposit formed bg filling and replacement of breccia by moderate-low temperature hydrothermal fluids. Xu, Qidong and others, 1993. China K 50 25 Heishan, Hebei Province 41 07 20N 41.1222222222222 117 33 10E 117.552777777778 Ti Fe P Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Medium Not available. Damiao Consists of more than 40 lenticular bodies. The bodies at the surface merge into one main body at depth. The bodies are mainly hosted in fissures in gabbro. The ore minerals are disseminated and consist of ilmenite, Ti-magnetite, hypersthene, actinolite, apatite, and sulphides. Most bodies are P2O5 rich (5-10%). The gabbro intrudes Archean gneiss and is controlled by a regional EW-trending fault. Cheng Yuqi and others, 1994. China K 50 26 Yingfang, Fengning, Hebei Province 41 25 05N 41.4180555555556 116 39 50E 116.663888888889 Ag Pb Zn Au Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Average grade of 277.85 g/t Ag, 0.04-0.25 g/t Au, 5.01% Pb, 3.48% Zn. Yanshan Hosted in a NS-trending moderate ductile shear zone developed at the contact zone between the Early Yanshan coarse-grained K feldspar grantie and the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rock of the Hongqiyingzhi Group. From the bodies to host rock, 4 alteration zones are divided: silica alteration+hydromica alteration +pyrite alteration; sericite alteration+ chlorite alteration; chlorite alteration+carbonate alteration; kaolinite alteration+carbonate alteration. Deposition shows close relation to silica alteration and the site of intense silica alteration are concordant to the site of bodies. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is very complicated. Deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, magnetite, pyrrhotite, Ag tetrahedrite, bornite, argentite, native silver and others. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, chalcedony, sericite, hydromica, serpentine, flourite, apatite, zircon, tourmaline, Fe-dolomite and serpentine. The origin of the deposit is in debate. Ren, Yaowu, and Chao, Qianwen, 1995. China K 50 27 Yu'erya, Hebei Province 40 36 30N 40.6083333333333 118 50 35E 118.843055555556 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 6.51 g/t Au. Reserves of 12.35 tonnes Au. Yanshan Consists of auriferous quartz veins and stockwork. The bodies are controlled by NE and EW-trending faults and fracture zones in a Jurassic-Cretaceous granite stock of 6.7 sq.km. alteration includes pyrite alteration, sericite alteration and minor silica alteration and alteration to K feldspar. The deposit minerals occur mainly in veinlets and disseminatins and consist of sulphides, mainly pyrite and quartz and gold. The granite stock intrudes into the dolomitic limestone of the Mid-Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation. Diorite is the pre-deposition, in that locally gold locally occurs and lamprophre occurs in post-deposit dikes. In the area, many similar deposits and occurrences occur. Xu, Enshou and others, 1994. China K 50 28 Qinglonghe, Qinglong County, Hebei Province 40 26 10N 40.4361111111111 119 20 50E 119.347222222222 Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Medium Not available. Qinglong Occurs in the metamorphosed clastic rock of the Paleoproterozoic Zhangjiagou Formation. Deposits are veined, stratiform, lenticular. Deposit controls are distribution of the strata and faults. Most deposits show concordant relation to their hosts and only a few veins cut bedding of host rock. The two main deposits types are disseminated-veinlet and Au-bearing quartz vein. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite and gold and subordinate minerals are pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are plagioclase, quartz, muscovite, biotite, chlorite, calcite and barite. Deposit minerals display idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic granular textures and massive and disseminated structures. Sequence of formation of deposit minerals is arsenopyrite, Au-pyrite and Au-pyrrhotite with chalcopyrite and fine-grained pyrite. Five deposits stages occur: Au-bearing silica alteration; milky white quartz vein; pyrite; carbonate; and muscovite-K feldspar-quartz vein. The Proterozoic strata are interpreted as providing initial Au and with remobilization and concentration in later geological events. Wu, Ruzhuo and Hu, Lunji, 1992. China K 50 29 Miaogou, Hebei Province 40 18 00N 40.3 119 39 00E 119.65 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Medium Average grade of 28.25% Fe. Qinglong Occurs at the southern part of the famous Anzhiling migmatite rising. The preserved strata in the area is only several sq.km. The lower and middle part of the mine strata belong to the Paleoproterozoic and consist of sesame amphibolite intercalated with amphibole leptynite and biotite leptynite. In amphibolite of this part, preserved bubbles, typical in mafic volcanic rocks, are observed. Leptynite contains palimpsest porphyritic structure, being the metamorphic products of intermediate-siliceous lava and tuff. The upper part of the strata is the interbeding of biotite leptynite, granulite and amphibole leptynite, intercalated with multiple layers of amphibole magnetite quartzite. In the mine, there are four parallel stratiform and lensoid bodies and the largest of the four is 1400 m long and 22-125 m thick. The deposit minerals are mainly laminated and banded and consist of cummingtonite, magnetite and quartz. The mineral assemblage is magnetite+quartz+cummingtonite+grunerite+actinolite. Trace sulphides, such as pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite are widely distributed in the deposit minerals as disseminations and veinlets and are a late-stage hydrothermal product. Zhang, Yixia and others, 1986. China K 50 3 Huanggan, Inner Mongolia 43 38 05N 43.6347222222222 117 42 00E 117.7 Sn Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu Sn skarn Large Average grade of 0.31% Sn. Reserves of 290,299 tonnes Sn. Daxinganling Consists of several blind lenses in a very wide skarn zone. However, most bodies occur in a 120-250 m wide contact zone between a granite intrusion and carbonate rock of Early Permian age. The depth of the blind bodies is 300-800 m, and extends 500 m downdip. In the concave part of the granite intrusion are large and rich ore minerals. Small veins occur in some intraformational fissures in skarn far from the contact zone. In carbonate rock at the contact, garnet diopside skarn, garnet amphibole biotite skarn are intensively developed. The ore minerals occur in masses, breccia, veinlets, breccia, and disseminations, and consist of magnetite, cassiterite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, scheelite. Gangue minerals are garnet and diopside. Varied late-stage sulphide minerals, amphibole, and epidote replace the skarn and early magnetite. There are multiple stages of cassiterite, and features vary greatly. Besides the cassiterite, varlamoffite, stannite, and cryptocrystalline H2SnO3 occur. Ideas for the genesis include high temperature hydrothermal, and volcanic hydrothermal-sedimentary origins, and reworking. The host Early Permian Dashizai and Huanggangliang Formations contain predominatly carbonate rock, tuff silstone, and intermediate mafic volcanic rock. At the contact zone between the plagioclase granite intrusion and the two formations, is skarn with Sn-Fe deposits in two NE-trending belts. The granite stock is Cretaceous with a K-Ar isotopic age of 67-115 Ma. The Early Permian Dashizai and Huanggangliang Formations are predominatly carbonate rock, tuff, siltstone, and intermediate-mafic volcanic rock. Li Xiji and others, 1994. China K 50 30 Zhalanzhangzhi, Hebei Province 40 19 40N 40.3277777777778 119 22 10E 119.369444444444 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade is 29.06%TFe. Reserves of 141 million tonnes of Fe ore. Qinglong Consists of bedded and stratiform deposits. The main deposit bed is more than 2000 m long and 10 to 30 m thick and is hosted in tourmaline microgneiss, garnet-mica schist in an asymmetric fold. Deposit occurs in the core and at limbs of the fold. Deposits deip between 60 to 70 o. Deposits are mainly banded and consist of magnetite, quartz, actinolite, tremolite and cummingtonite and minor calcite, garnet, biotite and pyrite. Grain size is about 0.05 mm. The TFe grade of the deposit is low and some bodies contain high sulphur. The host rock (Zhuzhangzhi Group) is interpreted as forming in an aulacogen filled mainly with clastic sedimentary rock, carbonates and intercalated lesser mafic and more abundant of felsic volcanic rock. Host rock is metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. Zhang, Yixia and others, 1986. China K 50 31 Guantangzhi, Hebei Province 40 39 00N 40.65 118 11 00E 118.183333333333 Pyrite Pb, Zn Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Medium Not available. Yanliao-2 Consists of bodies in the transitional horizon from rhythmic black shale to dolomite of the Gaobanhe Formation of Mesoproterozoic age. The bodies are layered and stratiform, and are concordant to host rock. Zn minerals occur in the upper horizon whereas pyrite occurs in the lower part. The ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Gangue minerals are siderite, dolomite, quartz, hydromica, and others. The ore mineral textures are colloform, framboidal, and crystalline. Ore minerals occur in masses, layers, lumps, disseminatins, and veins. Deposit is interpreted as SEDEX origin formed in local lagoons seperated by underwater highlands and sand bars. Rui Zhongyao, 1994. China K 50 32 Niuxinshan, Hebei Province 40 20 05N 40.3347222222222 118 55 02E 118.917222222222 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Deposit occurs in the strata of the Santunying Formation around a granite intrusion and in the granite intrusion. There are two types of gold deposit, gold-bearing sulphide quartz vein and gold-bearing sulphide veinlet and disseminates. The deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and gold, The gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, sericite and others. The deposit minerals occur in masses and disseminations and exhibit hypidiomorphic-xenomorphic granular texture. Gold occurs in fissures and fractures of sulphide and quartz. The purity of gold is 872. Deposit contains three stages: pyrite-black sphalerite-quartz; pyrite-galena-brown sphalerite-chalcopyrite-gold-quartz-K feldspar-sericite and pyrite-siderite-calcite-fluorite. Deposit formed during 160 Ma based on dating of granite related to gold deposition by Rb-Sr method. Deposit is magmatic hydrothermal origin. Xu, Minqi, 1990. China K 50 33 Wanquansi, Chicheng, Hebei Province 41 05 05N 41.0847222222222 116 37 17E 116.621388888889 Ag Au, Pb, Zn,Cu Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Grade of 100 g/t Ag, up to 12,500 g/t Ag, up to 37 g/t Au. Yanshan The bodies occcur in faults and fracture zones as veins and lenses in andesite, trachyandensite and diorite of the Middle Jurassic Houcheng Formation and the Late Jurassic Baiqi Formation. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is relatively simple, Deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, Ag, electrum, argentine and others. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, sericite, calcite, Fe and Mn-bearing calcite. The deposit minerals have xenomorphic granular, metasomatic relics, detachment of solid solution and fracture textures; The deposit minerals occur inveinlets, disseminations, breccia and colloidal structures. There are two types of alteration in the area: planar and linear alteration. Planar alteration consists of central sericite, silica, pyrite and kaolinite alteration and by lateral (marginal) prophylitization. No economic veins occur in the altered area except some limonite and quartz veinlets. Linear alteration occurs along faults and in the host rock adjacent to the deposit and is closely related to deposit formation. Liao, Xiyuan,1992. China K 50 34 Jinchangyu, Hebei Province 40 27 15N 40.4541666666667 118 30 05E 118.501388888889 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Average grade of 7.53 g/t Au. Reserves of 19 tonnes Au. Jidong Consists of fine, dense Au quartz veinlets that occur parallel to schistosity in mylonite and in veinlets and disseminations in mylonite. The ore minerals are mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, chalcocite, gold, and calaverite. Gangue minerals are albite, quartz, and sericite, and minor chlorite and calcite. Host rock alterations are albite, silica, sericite, chlorite, pyrite, and carbonate alterations. Deposit occurs in a tonalite, trondhjemite, and granodiorite belt in the North China Platform. Host rock is derived from mafic volcanic rock, volcanic graywacke, and BIF that are metamorphosed to granulite, pyroxene gneiss, and amphibolite. The isotopic age of the metamorphic rock is 3.5 Ga. The metamorphosed supracrustal rock is interpreted by some workers as a greenstone belt. Shearing and retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies probably occurred at 2.5 to 2.6 Ga, 1.7 to 1.8 Ga, or later. Widely overprinted Jurassic and Cretaceous magmatism modified the deposits and some workers interpreted these deposits as related to Mesozoic magmatism. Zhang Yixia and others, 1986; Xu Enshou and others, 1994; Wu Jiashan and others, 1998. China K 50 35 Shouwangfen, Hebei Province 40 40 00N 40.6666666666667 117 50 05E 117.834722222222 Cu Fe, Co Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Average grade of 0.65% Cu. Reserves of 155,300 tonnes Cu. Yanshan Occurs at the contact zone of the Mesozoic granodiorite and the Neoproterozoic dolomite of the Wumishan Formation. Deposits are lenticular and lensoid in skarn and are stratiform shaped in metasomatized dolomite. Seven skarn zones occur along the contact: granodiorite zone, altered granodiorite zone, garnet-epidote-vesuvianite skarn zone, diopside zone, magnetite-humite-diopside skarn zone, wollastonite skarn zone and serpentinite-altered dolomite zone. The main deposit minerals are molybdenite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, magnetite, hematite and scheelite. The deposit minerals comprise five types: magnetite, pyrite-bearing magnetite, pyrrhotite and Co-bearing chalcopyrite, pyrite-bearing chalcopyrite and veined chalcopyrite. The deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations, veins and veinlets, and and display idiomorphic, xenomorphic, replacment and colloidal textures. Four skarn stages occur: (1) a scapolite stage with scapolite, wollastonite, vesuvianite, garnet and diopside; (2) amagnetite stage with magnetite, humite, phlogopite, sericite, tremolite and actinolite; (3) a quartz-sulphide stage with sulphides, chlorite and sericite; and (4) a carbonate stage with calcite and fluorite. Xu, Qidong and others, 1993. China K 50 36 Caijiaying, Hebei Province 41 26 15N 41.4375 115 28 10E 115.469444444444 Pb Zn Ag, Au and Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Average grade of 4.26% Zn and 2.73% Pb. Reserves of 1.44 million tonnes Zn. Yanshan Consists of swarms of dense veins that range from 300 to 1000 m long, 1 to 18 m thick, and extend 400 to 500 m downdip. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations and are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, hematite, gold, siliver, and electrum, and minor molybdenite, chalcopyrite, and bornite. Gangue minerals are sericite, quartz, and chlorite and sparse barite and calcite. Host rocks contain chlorite, sericite, silica, pyrite, and carbonate alterations. Early chlorite alteration was replaced by later sericite alteration. Form the deposit outwards the host rocks display successive wide belts of sericite and chlorite alteration. Fluid inclusion temperatures range from 200 to 350 C. The host rocks for the deposit are fine-grained amphibole gneiss derived from Paleoproterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock that are metamorphosed to amphibolite facie. The host rocks occur along a limb of an overturned fold and the deposit is controlled by faults. The deposit is related to a Jurassic and Cretaceous granite porphyry and quartz porphyry dikes and Late Jurassic volcanic rock. The deposit rerpresents a Mesozoic magmatic hydrothermal system (Huan, 1991). Zhang, Changjiang, 1990; Huan, 1991; Quan, Heng,1994. China K 50 37 Gaobanhe, Hebei Province 40 30 00N 40.5 118 10 00E 118.166666666667 Pb,Zn S Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Medium Average grade of about 2% Zn and lower Pb. Yanliao-2 Consists of nine stratiform deposits that occur in an EW-trending belt that is 6 km long and 3 km wide. The host rock is Mn shale and dolomite of Neoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation. Ore minerals are mainly sphalerite, galena, and pyrite. Ore minerals vary from massive to banded. Framboidal, colloform, and pelletoidal pyrite are common. Deposit occurs in the EW-trending Yanliao Basin on the Sino-Korea Craton. Tu Guangzhi and others 1994. China K 50 38 Naobaogou, Wulateqianqi, Inner Mongolia 41 21 00N 41.35 115 24 13E 115.403611111111 Au Alkaline complex-hosted Au Small Not available. Wulashan-Zhangbei Occurs in the southern contact zone of the Baiyunchanglunshan intrusion. The gold veins are controlled by the footwall of a brittle-ductile shear zone in metamorphic rock of the Se'ertengshan Group. Two types of gold deposits occur: gold-bearing quartz vein and gold-bearing quartz-K feldspar altered rock type. Zhang, Fuxin and others, 1997. China K 50 39 Shuichang, Hebei Province 40 15 00N 40.25 118 33 40E 118.561111111111 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Reserves of greater than 100 million tonnes ore ranging from 20-35% Fe. Jidong Occurs in the Qian'an Fe mine that is part of two belts of BIF deposits, a western and an eastern belts. The western belt is 15 km long, 2 km wide, extends in N-NE and contains the relatively large Shuichang deposit. The eastern belt is relatively small. The two belts are occur in different parts of a complicated fold. The Shuichang deposit consists of multiple layers of stratiform and lensoid deposits. The average thickness of a single deposit is 10 m and locally ranges up to 170 to 300 m. The deposit minerals are mainly banded with minor laminations. Locally paragneiss structures occur. The main minerals are coarse-grained magnetite and quartz and minor pyroxene and garnet. Host rock is granulite facies biotite microgneiss, sillimanite gneiss derived from mafic volcanic rock, intermediate volcanic graywacke, felsic volcanic graywacke and muddy siltstone that formed in a moderately deep Archean volcanic and sedimentary basin. Rb-Sr isotopic age of the sequence is more than 3,500 Ma. Zhang, Yixia amd others, 1986. China K 50 4 Aobaoshan,Inner Mongolia 42 52 00 N 42.8666666666667 119 24 00 E 119.4 Pb,Zn Cu Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Not available. Daxinganling Occurs in the contact zone between early Yanshannian granodiorite stock and middle Silurian marble.Ore bodies are vein-type,lenticular,or nested, which are controlled by NE-,NNE- and EW trending faults.Ore minerals are sphalerite,galena,pyrite and chalcopyrite.The ratio of Pb:Zn:Cu is equal to 1:5:0.56. The main alteration is skarnization. Zhang Dequan and others,1994; Ai Xia and others,1994. China K 50 40 Qingyanggou, Hebei Province 41 09 30N 41.1583333333333 115 50 10E 115.836111111111 Ag Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Yanshan Occurs in biotite plagioclase gneiss, migmatized gneiss and granulite of the Datongying Formation. Both in the bodies and at the hanging wall of the bodies, varied dikes, including quartz porphyry, syenite porphyry, are frequently met. The bodies occur in swarm vein forms in a NW-trending fault zone. Deposit minerals include galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and chalcopyrite, native silver, argentine, Ag tetrahedrite and others. Alteration include silica alteration, chlorite alteration, sericite alteration and pyrite alteration. The grade and thickness of the bodies are stable. The depoist temperature is about 300 C. Yang, Zhaochai, 1990. China K 50 41 Fengjiayu, Miyun, Beijing 40 38 30N 40.6416666666667 116 58 05E 116.968055555556 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Medium Average grade of 31.18% Fe. Reserves of 251 million tonnes ore. Jidong Occurs in the Shenmiao Formation of the Archean Zhangjiafen Group that consists of varied biotite amphibole gneiss, amphibolite, quartzite, and biotite schist. Local migmatite occurs. Four sections occur. The ore mineral bodies are mainly stratiform, lenticular, and lentoid. Branching and mingling are common. The ore minerals are magnetite and minor hematite and martite. Gangue minerals are quartz, amphibole, actinolite, tremolite, biotite, chlorite, plagioclase, garnet, epidote, sericite, apatite, talc, and calcite. The host units are magnetite quartzite, magnetite gneiss, magnetite amphibolite, magnetite-amphibole quartzite and garnet-magnetite gneiss. Main ore mineral textures are granoblastic and metasomatic. Typical ore mineral structures are banded, disseminated, gneissic, and massive. Song Fumei, 1993. China K 50 42 Mengjiagou, Hebei Province 40 10 00N 40.1666666666667 118 31 47E 118.529722222222 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Grade of 28-31% Fe. Reserves of greater than 100 million tonnes Fe ore. Jidong It is a large Fe deposit in the western part of the Qian'an Fe mine in a box syncline. Deposit consists of stratiform and lensoid bodies. The bodies are not continuous, with a strike extension of 4600 m and a thickness of 9-63 m. The deposit minerals occur mainly in bands and to a lesser extend in bands, laminae and masses. The deposit minerals are composed of coarse-grained magnetite, quartz, hypersthene and diopside and to less extent, of amphibole, biotite and garnet. Zhang, Yixia and others, 1986. China K 50 43 Donjiagou, Beijing 40 30 00N 40.5 116 32 00E 116.533333333333 Mo Cu Au Ag Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Not available. Yanshan Consists of pipe and irregular shaped bodies in an explosive-intrusive breccia pipe. The main intrusion consists of quartz diorite and quartz monzonite and is divided into three stages: 168-150 Ma, 145-130 Ma and 128-110 Ma (K-Ar ages). Jurrassic volcanic rock is the host rock. The surface area of the intrusion is 0.7 sq.km. Disseminations and veinlets occur in the top and in intrvslve breccia. Main host rock alterations are sericite , tourmaline, and argillite alterations Rui, Zongyao and others, 1994. China K 50 44 Shuijingtun, Chongli County, Hebei Province 40 58 35N 40.9763888888889 115 05 30E 115.091666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Occurs in Archean moderate-high metamorphic grade of metamorphic rock and consists of quartz vein and atered rock types. Seven gold quartz veins and gold-bearing altered rock zones are defined. The deposit minerals consist mainly of pyrite and of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, specularite and magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, K feldspar, albite, sericite, chlorite and calcite.Deposit contains early K feldspar-milky white quartz stage; later dark grey quartz-base metallic sulphide stage and carbonate stage. Shi, Sen, and Zhao, Xudong, 1997. China K 50 45 Pangjiapu, Hebei Province 40 43 05N 40.7180555555556 115 45 10E 115.752777777778 Fe Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Medium Average grade of 45% Fe. Reserves of 100 million tonnes Fe ore. Yanliao-1 Consists of bedded and stratiform deposits that are concordant to host sandstone and argillite in the Lower Changlinggou Formation in the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System of the North China Platform. Deposits are 2,000 to 5,000 m long, 460 to 2,000 m wide and 0.18 to 5.38 m thick. Deposit minerals are hematite, minor magnetite, siderite, quartz, chamosite and calcite. Deposit is interpreted as forming in an oxidation zone in a shallow sea to tidal environment. He, Beiquan, 1993. China K 50 46 Zhongxinchun, Beijing District 40 13 10N 40.2194444444444 117 13 05E 117.218055555556 B, Mn Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Small Not available. Yanliao-2 Consists of many small, conformable and lensoid bodies in a certain level of the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Mid Proterozoic Jixian Group. The host rock is mainly intercalated dark gray silty dolomite and silty shale. The deposit minerals are chambersite, rhodochrosite and ropperite and are banded and massive. The oxidized deposit minerals at the supergene zone are composed of psilomelane and leptonematite. Deposit is similar to the Dongshiuchang deposit 55 km away, in the EW belt in that some other deposits also occur. Ye, Lianjun and others, 1994. China K 50 47 Xiaoyingpan, Hebei Province 40 43 00N 40.7166666666667 115 30 00E 115.5 Au Alkaline complex-hosted Au Medium Up to 170 g/t Au, range of 1.5-30 g/t Au, average grade of 12 g/t Au. Wulashan-Zhangbei Hosted in amphibole plagioclase leptynite, amphibolite and granulite of the Archean Shanggan Group. The Shuiquangou Alkaline Complex of the Hercynian period, granite stocks of Yanshan Stage and some dikes also occur in and adjacent to the mine. The alkaline complex occurs in the metamorphic strata of the Shanggan Group with an exposed area of 340 sq.km. and 55 km long EW and 5-8 km wide NS.The main rock types in the alkaline complex are alkaline feldspar syenite, quartz alkaline feldspar syenite, pyroxene amphibole syenite, amphibole alkaline feldspar syenite, pyroxene amphibole monzonite and amphibole monzonite. Deposit is controlled by NE-trending compressive faults and the bodies are stratiform, lenticular and lensoid. The length of the bodies change from 40 m long to 1400 m long and the width change from 0.17-6.73 m. There are three deposit types, gold-bearing quartz vein type (82%), gold-bearing K feldspar quartz vein type (15%) and the altered rock type (3%). Main deposit minerals include pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite, wulfenite, specularite, limonite, covellite, native gold, electrum and calaverite. Gangue minerals are K feldspar, quartz, calcite, siderdolomite, sericite, chlorite and epidote. The gold is fineness is 918. Typical ore textures are idiomorphic and xenomorphic, metasomatic relics and metasomatic pseudomorphs and deposit minerals occur in disseminations, masses, breccia and honey-comb. Alterations include K feldspar, sericite, silica and chlorite alterations. Jiang, Sihong, and Nie, Fengjun, 1998. China K 50 48 Dazhuangke, Beijing 40 20 40N 40.3444444444444 116 20 05E 116.334722222222 Mo W Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Grade of 0.10% Mo. Yanshan Consists of veins and stockworks in explosive breccia pipes. The main part of the deposit occur in a pipe that is 350 to 400 m long and 40 to 90 m thick. Ore minerals occur in disseminations and veinlets. The main ore mineral is molybdenite with minor magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and scheelite. Gangue minerals consitute the breccia and are mainly plagioclase, K feldspar, quartz, biotite, fluorite, and sericite. Host rocks are altered to K feldspar, biotitie, silica, pyrite, beresite, zeolite, and propylite. The deposits is related to a Jurassic quartz diorite and quartz monzonite (with a K-Ar isotopicage of 146 to 168 Ma.) and is controlled by east-west-trending fault zones. Huan, Dianhao and others, 1994. China K 50 49 Yantongshan, Hebei Province 40 37 05N 40.6180555555556 115 17 05E 115.284722222222 Fe Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Medium Average grade of 40% Fe. Yanliao-1 Consists of bedded and stratiform bodies concordant to the sedimentary rock of the Early Chuanlinggou Formation of the Mid-Proterozoic Changcheng System. A single body is about 3000 m long, 1-5 m thick and 500-1500 m wide. The main deposit minerals are hematite, magnetite and a little siderite. Quartz and chamosite also occur. Deposit contains abundant P and S. The content of SO2 is 0.1%, of P 0.2%. Deposit belongs to the sedimentary deposits of shallow sea facies. A series of similar Fe deposits, generally called Xuanlong type of Fe deposits, occur in the sedimentary covers of the Mid-Proterozoic Changcheng System outcropped in Xuanhua-Cicheng area at the northern margin of the North China Platform. Cheng, Yuqi and others, 1994; Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1996. China K 50 5 Xiaoyingzi, Inner Mongolia 42 47 00N 42.7833333333333 118 58 00E 118.966666666667 Pb,Zn Ag Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Large Average grade of 2.78% Pb, 7.01% Zn. Reserves of 92,000 tonnes Pb,204,800 tonnes Zn. Daxinganling Occurs in the eastern part of Dongzi-Xiaoyingzi fault uplift. The deposit is distributed in the contact zone between early Yanshannian Xiaoyingzi granite and Silurian marble and chlorite schist.The main exposed strata are Silurian chlorite-quartz schist,marble,which constitute a NW trending syncline.The interlayer-gliding faults and three NW-striked pintensive fracturing zones control the distribution of ore bodieso Early Yanshannian granites form NW-oriented stobelt,which are roughly lit-par-lit intrusives in Silurian strata.Ore bodies are vein-type or stratiform.Wallrock alteration is mainly skarnization, which is usually superimposed by silisification,carbonation and chloritization.Sphalerite and galena plus small amount of pyrite and chalcopyrite form industrial ores. Zhang, Dequan and others, 1994. China K 50 50 Fanshan, Hebei Province 40 13 00N 40.2166666666667 115 35 15E 115.5875 P Fe Magmatic and metasomatic apatite Large Grade of 10-45% P2O5. Fanshan Consists of stratiform and circular igneous masses that occur at the intersections of two huge fracture zones in cratonal rock. Deposit is related to an alkalic, stratiform ultramafic-syenite complex. The ore mineral assemblages are apatite, magnetite-apatite, and biotite-apatite. The rich assemblages are apatite and biotite-apatite intercalated with biotite gabbro and pyroxenite. Grade ranges from 25% to a maximum of 38.69% P2O5. The ore minerals occur in masses, bands and disseminations. A Rb-Sr isochron isotopic age for the deposit is 218.8ñ 8 Ma. Mu, Baolei and others, 1988. China K 50 51 Xinghe, Inner Mongolia 40 20 00N 40.3333333333333 114 10 00E 114.166666666667 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Large Not available. Yanbei Consists of stratiform, lensoid and hook-shaped graphite bodies. Occurs in multiple layers that are strongly controlled by folding. Deposits are usually stratiform, lensoid and hook-shaped. A single deposit is generally 100 to 600 m, up to 1000 m long, 4 to 40 m thick and averages 20 m thick. Deposits are concordant to host rock, are trend EW, but locally changeto NE and NW trends and dip from 50 to 60 o. The primary deposit minerals exhibit gneissic structure and lepidoblastic texture and are composed of graphite, plagioclase, quartz, microcline, biotite and garnet. The fixed carbon averages 2.5% to 5% and locally up to 8.7%. The size of graphite flakes is usually 1 to 1.5 mm and 0.027 to 0.054 mm thick. Graphite flakes the 2H hexagonal type. The degrees of graphite formation is 0.85 to 1. The host strata are in the Khondalite of the Upper Jining Group. Lu Liangzhao and others, 1996. China K 50 52 Gongdianzhi (Qian'an), Hebei Province 40 05 40N 40.0944444444444 118 34 40E 118.577777777778 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 35% Fe. Reserves of >300 million tonnes of iron ore. Jidong Occurs in the northern end of eastern belt in the Qian'an Fe mine, in an overturned syncline where the thickness of the ore mineral layer increases. The body is stratiform to lensoid with a strike length of 1,200 m and thickness of 50-70 m. The ore minerals are mainly banded and are mainly of coarse-grained magnetite, quartz, hypersthene, diopside, and minor amounts of biotite, amphibole, plagioclase, and sulphides. Zhang, Yixia and others, 1986. China K 50 53 Dongshiuchang, Tiejin 40 15 10N 40.2527777777778 117 50 10E 117.836111111111 B, Mn Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Medium Average grade of 16.23% Mn, 9.29% B2O3. Yanliao-2 Consists of a large number of conformable lenticular bodies in the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Jixian Formation. The host rock is mainly silty dolomite. The thickness of the bodies is 0.1-0.3 m with a maxium thickness of 0.7 m. The ore minerals occur in masses, lumps, and bands and consist of chambersite, rhodochrosite, and ropperite. A series of similar small Mn deposits occur along a horizon of the Proterozoic sedimentary cover of the Jixian Group. These deposits are interpreted as forming in a tidal (or subtidal) to lagoon environment. Some occur in gray-black shale indicating a possible oxygen-lack environment. The underlying volcanic rock probably provided B and Mn for the deposits in the overlying host rocks. Ye Lianjun and others, 1994. China K 50 54 Shirengou, Hebei Province 40 14 10N 40.2361111111111 117 52 50E 117.880555555556 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Grade of 25-45 % TFe. Resources of 265 million tones of Fe ore. Jidong Consists of two layers of bedded and stratiform and lensoid bodies that are concordant with the host rock in the middle to upper parts of the Archean metamorphic strata. The host rock includes interbedded granulite and light colored granulite, and intercalated biotite microgneiss. Deposit occurs at the core of an overturned syncline of the metamorphic host rock. The deposit mineral layer is 2,400-3, 000 m long, and 15-16 m thick. The deposit mineral textures are mainly gneissic and banded and are composed of coarse-grained (0.05-0.5 mm) magnetite, quartz, diopside and minor amphibole, garnet, pyrite and ilmenite. The host strata belong to the Archean mafic-intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks and volcanic graywackes metamorphosed up under granulite facies, Deposit belongs to Alogoma type. Zhang, Yixia and others, 1986. China K 50 55 Guzhigou, Hebei Province 40 40 05N 40.6680555555556 116 28 10E 116.469444444444 Ag Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Not available. Yanshan Bodies occur in veins controlled by a volcanic vent at the intersection of the two crossing trending faults. The host rock for the bodies vary greatly from Archean metamorphic rock (amphibole plagioclase gneiss), Middle to Neoproterozoic sedmentary rock (dolostone, clay dolostone, siliceous shale, quartzite) to Mesozoic tuff. Ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite. Ag minerals are Ag, Ag tetrahedrite, argentine, electrum, and others. Alteration include silica, carbonate, chlorite, sericite, and kaolinite alterations. Yang Zhaochai, 1990. China K 50 56 Dongping, Hebei Province 40 56 10N 40.9361111111111 115 38 15E 115.6375 Au Alkaline complex-hosted Au Large Grade of 5-20 g/t Au. Reserves of 16.06 tonnes Au. Wulashan-Zhangbei Discovered in 1985 and was explored as a large Au deposit in 1992, consists of several tens of clusters of veins that trend northeast to north to northwest. Each vein cluster contains numerous parallel and oblique veins. The main deposit varies from a Au-pyrite-quartz vein to Au-sulphide-quartz vein to Au sulphides in veinlets-stockworks altered rock. Most of the numerous parts of the deposit are 1 to 4 m thick, 200 to 500 m long, and 200 to 500 m downdip. Sulphides comprise mostly less than 3% and consist mainly of pyrite, and lesser chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Gold occurs mainly as native Au, and to a lesser amount in calaverite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and K-feldspar. Alteration consists of K-feldspar, silica, sericite, and carbonate. The deposit and alteration is strongly controlled by faults and related fissures. The host rock is the Shuiquan alkaline complex that is 5 to 8 km wide, 55 km long, and trends east-west, and intrudes Archean granulite facies metamorphic rock. The intrusion exhibits a strong petrologic zoning. The main rock types are alkali feldspar syenite, quartz-alkali feldspar syenite, pyroxene-amphibole-alkali feldspar syenite, pyroxene syenite, and amphibole monozite. The 40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages are 327.4ñ9 Ma and 157 to 177 Ma for the intrusion and K-feldspar in the deposit, respectively. The deposit is controlled by the east-west striking major Chicheng-Chengde fault at the northern margin of the Sino-Korean Craton. Numerous similar deposits in the area are also related to alkaline intrusions. Song Guorui and Zhao Zhenhua, 1996. China K 50 57 Jinjiazhuang, Hebei Province 40 51 03N 40.8508333333333 115 45 04E 115.751111111111 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Occurs in amphibole pyroxenite, diopside gabbro, and peridotite in altered faults along the contact zone between a mafic-ultramafic intrusion and migmatitic gneiss and quartz monzonite. The bodies occur in veins and lenses. The bodies are 80-200 m long and 0.8-4.5 m wide. Deposit occurs mainly in silica- and carbonate-altered gabbro. Alterations includes silica, chlorite, sericite, and carbonate alterations. Pyrite, galena, and magnetite occur in altered rock and in veinlets. Locally base metal sulphide quartz veins and carbonate veins occur. Main ore mineral forms are veinlets, disseminationy, breccia, veins, and lumps. Main ore textures are hypidiomorphic-xenomorphic granular. Inclusion, solid solution, and metasomatic textures are also frequent Main economic minerals are electrum, gold, pyrargyrite, psaturose, and galena. Deposit is interpreted as a mesothermal deposit related to mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Ma, Peixue and others, 1992. China K 50 58 Shachang, Miyun, Beijing 40 25 40N 40.4277777777778 117 00 00E 117 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Grade of 31.79% Fe, 0.077% S, 0.099% P. Reserves of 144.5 million tonnes Fe ore. Jidong Deposit is hosted in the Shachang Formation of Archean Miyun Group, a sequence of biotite-pyroxene granulite intercalated with amphibolitic granulite. In the formation, there are four members, A, B, C and D. The middle part of the Member C consists of amphibolic pyroxene plagioclase gneiss and pyroxene plagioclase gneiss and contain two layers of Fe (with major deposit layers). There are more than 50 bodies. The longest body is 780 m long and the most thick one is 93 m thick. The bodies are stratiform, lenticular and lensoid. Swelling and pinching out, branching and mingling of the bodies along strike and dip directions are very common. The deposit minerals are magnetite mainly, secondly hematite, martite, Gangue minerals are quartz, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthorhombic pyroxene, biotite, hornblende and alumandite. Accessary minerals are zircon,rutile and barite. Secondary minerals are limonite, K feldspar, pyrite, chalcopyrite, chlorite, epidote, calcite and sericite. There are mainly two types of host rock magnetite quartzite and magnetite gneiss. The deposit mineral textures are hypidiomorphic or xenomorphic granular and granoblastic. Deposit mineral structures are banded, laminated, gneissic and massive. Ma, Guojun, 1993. China K 50 59 Hougou, Chicheng, Hebei Province 40 50 10N 40.8361111111111 115 37 15E 115.620833333333 Au Alkaline complex-hosted Au Medium Average grade of 3.78 g/t Au. Reserves of 5.14 tonnes Au. Wulashan-Zhangbei Occurs inner contact zone of an alkalic syenite that is overprinted by faults and fractures. The deposit is irregular and is concordant to strike of the contact zone and faults. The ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite, magnetite, and hemtite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, K feldspar, siderite, calcite, and chlorite. Native gold is the main gold-bearing mineral. Four depositional stages occur: molybdenite-quartz, quartz-pyrite; base metallic sulphide; and carbonate. Chalcopyrite and pyrite host gold. Alterations are epidote, chlorite, sericite, pyrite, and carbonate alterations. Alteration zoning occurs. Gold deposition is interpreted as related to the shearing of the Archean Wulashan Group of metamorphic rock that is the interpreted source of gold. Deposit probably formed at about 80+5.6 Ma(?), as based on the dating of sericite alteration. Xiang, Shuyuan and others, 1992. China K 50 6 Dongzi,Inner Mongolia 42 47 00N 42.7833333333333 118 40 00E 118.666666666667 Pb, Zn Cu,Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Not available. Daxinganling Located in the NW part of Dongzi-Xiaoyingzi fault uplift, near a Jurassic volcanic basin. the exposed strata are Paleoproterozoic amphibolite gneiss, middle Carboniferous quartz sandstone, Permian intermediate-siliceous volcanic rock, and Jurassic pyroclastic rock. Intrusive bodies comprise 2/3 of the area that includes late Hercynian NEE-trending quartz diorite, early Yanshannian granodiorite, biotite granite, and granite porphyry with isotopic ages of153-154 Ma. In the mining district,carboniferous and Permian strata occur in EW-trending, S-dipping monoclines. NEE-trending faults are the main ore-hosting structures. Bodies occur as single veins. Proximal wallrock alterations are silica, chlorite, carbonate, kaolinite, and sericite alterations. Main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are 220-400 C.. Zhang Dequan and others,1994. China K 50 7 Guandi, Inner Mongolia 42 50 10N 42.8361111111111 118 20 00E 118.333333333333 Ag Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Large Grading 60-1500 g/t Ag, locally up to 2,400 g/t Ag. Range of 0.68-4.4 g/t Au. Daxinganling Consists of several Ag veins in a volcanic rock belt. The ore mineral textures range from hypidiomorphic to xenomorphic to metasomatic. The ore minerals occur in disseminations, masses, veins and stockwork. Ag minerals are freibergite, Ag tetrahedrite, vitreous Ag, stromeyerite, and electrum. Other ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, cerusite, and magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, rhodochrosite, calcite, dolomite, sericite, chlorite, siderite, and fluorite. Zhou Gang, 1997. China K 50 8 Zhuanshanzi, Inner Mongolia 42 20 15N 42.3375 119 40 45E 119.679166666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Not available. Yanshan Consists of 80 gold-bearing quartz veins distributed in clusters and controlled by NW-trending shear faults. The seven largest quartz veins averaged at 1557 m long and the all veins in the mine is averaged at 193 m long and is 0.1-1.0 m thick. The bodies outlined in the quartz veins are discontinous and lenticular. The deposit minerals occur in veins, veinlets and bands and consist mainly of quartz, sericite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and chalcocite. Gold mineral belongs to electrum and the purity is averaged at 655. Alteration includes silica alteration, pyrite alteration and sericite alteration, generally 0.1-1.0 m wide. Measured temperature of the quartz by homogenous method is between 130-350 C. The composition of sulphur isotopes is stable and is approaching the value of meterorite. The host rock of the deposit are the limestone and slate of the Early Permian and partly the Mesozoic diorite and granodiorite. Xu, Guangrong, 1995. China K 50 9 Shaoguoyingzhi, Jianping County, Liaoning Province 42 10 08N 42.1688888888889 119 16 05E 119.268055555556 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Host strata are the Shaoguoyingzhi granite of the Yanshan period are the Precambrian gneiss and marble and Phanerzoic sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs in the southern marginal facies of the Shaoguoyingzhi biotite granite and the gold veins are controlled by EW-trending fault zones. Gold deposition could be divided into quartz vein, altered rock, compound vein and stockwork zone types. The deposit minerals occur in masses, lumps, stockwork, bands, disseminations and breccia. Typical textures are medium- to coarse-grained idiomorphic, fine-middle idiomorphic-hyhidiomorphic, replacement and metasomatic textures. Main deposit minerals are Ag-bearing gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and limonite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, chlorite, sericite and minor amount of calcite and kaolinite. Five deposition stages are recognized: chlorite-sericite-weak silica alteration; pyrite-quartz; base metallic sulphides; fine pyrite-veinlet quartz; calcite-kaolinite. Main alterations are silica alteration, sericite alteration, chlorite alteration, pyrite alteration, carbonate alteration and potassic alteration. Alteration closely related to gold deposition include silica alteration, sericite alteration, pyrite alteration and chlorite alteration. Deposit belongs to magmatic hydrothermal deposist formed at 280-320 C. Huang, Fei and others, 1998. China K 51 1 Fangniugou, Jilin Province 43 36 30N 43.6083333333333 125 05 15E 125.0875 Zn Zn Cu Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Medium Average grade of 3.30% Zn. Reserves of 357,000 tonnes Zn. Fangniugou Consists of upper stratiform and lensoid deposits and lower lenticular and Thin vein deposits. The upper deposit occurs concordant to andesite, andesite tuff, shale, and marble. Deposit is intruded by granite. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations. The three main ore mineral assemblages are: (1) magnetite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and scheelite; (2) grunerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite; and (3) galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Alteration minerals are pyrite, chlorite, graphite, and silica. Along the contact of the granite intrusion is garnet and diopside skarn. The Late Ordovician host rock is metamorphosed andesite, rhyolite, sericite schist, and marble. A Rb-Sr isotopic age for the volcanic rock is 445 Ma. The volcanic rock is calc-alkaline and is interpreted as part of an island arc sequence. The Rb-Sr isotopic age of the granite is 352 Ma. Some researchers interpret the deposit as a massive sulphide deposit related to tectonism and magmatism in the rear of an island arc. Others interpret the deposit as a magmatic hydrothermal deposit. Zhang Hongtao and Ne Fengjun, 1994; Feng Shouzhong, 2000. China K 51 10 Hongtoushan, Liaoning Province 42 06 00N 42.1 124 29 00E 124.483333333333 Cu, Zn Au, Ag, In Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Reserves of 471,500 tonnes Cu. Average grade of 1.72% Cu. Reserves of 688,400 tonnes Zn. Average grade of 3.04% Zn. Liaoji Consists of chimney, vein, and stratiform deposits in the lower and middle parts of the Hongtoushan Formation of the Archean Anshan Group. The Hongtoushan Formation consists of biotite-plagioclase-gneiss and amphibole-plagioclase gneiss with intercalations of felsic gneiss and magnetite quartzite. Ore minerals are mainly pyrite (50%), pyrrhotite (20%-30%), chalcopyrite (1%-10%), sphalerite (1%-15%), and minor galena, cubanite, and chalcocite. The ore minerals occur in masses, breccia, bands, and disseminations. Limited proximal wallrock alterations are silica, sericite, chlorite, tremolite, and cordierite alterations. Deposit occurs at the southern margin of Tieling-Qingyuan uplift, N side of the Hunhe fracture zone. Zhang Qiusheng and others, 1984a, b; Ge, Chaohua and others, 1989. China K 51 11 Zihe, Liaoning Province 42 10 00N 42.1666666666667 124 15 00E 124.25 Pb,Zn Hg Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Medium Fanhe Consists of 150 pod, stratiform and veins. Host rock is dominantly dotted, banded dolomite of Neoproterozoic Fanhe group. Deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite and pyrite, in masses, veinlets and disseminations. Deposit is controlled by a NE-striking fracture zone, that is the secondary structure of deep-seated Yilan-Yitong fault zone. It occurs in the transition place between Fanhe depression and Tieling-Jingyu uplift in the N margin of Liaodong craton of North China plate. Tang, Xianqing,1993. China K 51 12 Wangjiadagou, Liaoning Province 42 03 00N 42.05 124 20 40E 124.344444444444 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 3-50 g/t Au. Liaoji The main host rock for the deposit are the amphibolite and biotite granitic migmatite. Major intrusion related to gold is the Nankouqian granite. The main deposit types are gold-bearing pyrite quartz veins and gold-bearing base metallic quartz veins. The bodies are usually 50-300 m long and 1-2 m thick. The main deposit minerals are gold, native silver, electrum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Alterations are silica, sericite and chlorite alterations. Yan, Pengren, 1993. China K 51 13 Zhengcha, Jilin Province 41 20 30N 41.3416666666667 125 48 15E 125.804166666667 Pb Zn Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Not available. Liaoji Hosted in a sequence of graphite-bearing series, including graphite-bearing biotite granulite, graphide diopside granulite, amphibolite, graphite marbles. The intrusions are diorite and granite porphyry of the Yanshan period. The later shows close relation to Pb-Zn minerals in the area. Skarns occurs in graphite marbles of the Huanggoucha Formation of the Ji'an Group concordantly along bededings of the strata. Pb and Zn deposition overprinted the skarns. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is complicated. Deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. Minor deposit minerals are native bismuth, botesite and cobaltpentlandite. Gangue minerals are diopside, asteroite, greenlandite,andradite, vesuvianite, epidote, quartz and calcite. Four mineral assemblages occur: diopside-garnet, andradite-garnet-vesuvianite, pyrrhotite-sphalerite, galena-sphalerite-chalcopyrite. These assemblages comprise the four main deposition stages. Chen, Dianfang, and Sun, Shuqun, 1995. China K 51 14 Huanren, Liaonig Province 41 18 00N 41.3 125 22 05E 125.368055555556 Pb,Zn Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Large Average grade of 0.40% Zn. Reserves of 495,900 tonnes Zn. Jiliaolu Occurs at the contact zone between limestone and diorite. The skarn occurs in a belt that ranges from 30 to 60 m wide and 600 to 800 m long in an external contact zone. The skarn forms several complicated-shaped lenses. The skarn and associated alteration ranges up to 200 m wide. The skarn extends more than 300 m downdip. Apparent lateral and vertical zoning occurs. The lateral zonation is: diorite altered to K feldspar-altered diorite, epidote-altered diorite, epidote skarn, garnet skarn, garnet-diopside skarn, Pb Zn sulfides, marble, and limestone. The vertical zonation is: an upper Pb-Zn sulfide zone; a middle Cu and Zn sulfide zone; and a lower are Fe sulfide zone. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations and are mainly magnetite, hematite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, garnet, diopside, calcite, quartz, epidote, and actinolite. The exposed area of the diorite intrusion is 12 sq.km. The intrusion consists of diorite, granodiorite and quartz diorite and is intruded by numerous mafic, intermediate and siliceous dikes. The diorite is Cretaceous and intrudes Precambrian strata and Jurassic volcanic rock. Tu Guangzhi and others, 1989. China K 51 15 Yangmugan, Liaoning Province 40 51 10N 40.8527777777778 125 38 10E 125.636111111111 B Sedimentary-metamorphic borate Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Hosted in the boron-bearing sequence in the leptynite member of the Li Eryu Formation of the Paleoproterozoic Liaohe Group. The boron-bearing sequence is featured by Na, Mg and B-rich and consists mainly of leptynite and carbonate rock. Controlled by Mg-rich carbonate rock, the bodies are lensoid, pocket and stratiform with long extension downdip. The deposit mineral is zaibelyite and consist mainly of fibrio and platy szaibelyite. Gangue minerals are serpentine, dolomite, magnesite, phlogopite and others. The deposit minerals exhibit granoblastic, metasomatic and deformed tectures. The deposit minerals occur in bands and display granophyric and palimpsest textures. Alteration minerals are phylogopite, talc, tourmaline, tremolite and diopside. Deposit is interpreted as polygenetic origin. Sedimentation, metamorphism and marine volcanism all played an important role in deposit formation. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1996. China K 51 16 Waitoushan, Liaoning Province 41 30 05N 41.5013888888889 123 41 15E 123.6875 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Grade of 31.28%-33.05% Fe, 0-0.15% S, less than 0.1% P. Reserves of 292 million tonnes Fe ore. Liaoji The exposed strata in the area are a sequence of mild-intensely metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rock of the Middle Archean Anshan Group. The are three horizons of Fe in the sequence. The bodies are stratiform and beded. There are five Fe mineral assemblages: actinolite-magnetite-quartzite, magnetite-actinolite, actinolite-magnetite ore (rich ore), magnetite dolostone and magnetite talc schist. Actinolite-magnetite-quartzite is the main assemblage and occurs in layers and masses with a fine crystalloblastic texture. Deposit minerals are magnetite, quartz, actinolite and tremolite. Alteration is widely developped, especially at the two limbs of the rich bodies, at the turning points of folds and nearby faults. Main alteration types include chlorite alteration, cummingtonitization, pyrite alteration and biotitization. Deposit is interpreted as reworked metamorphosed sedimentary deposit. The formation of rich areas is related to mesothermal hydrothermal processes. Feng, Shuxun, 1993. China K 51 17 Nanfen, Liaoning Province 41 13 40N 41.2277777777778 124 00 00E 124 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 31.82% Fe, 49.73% SiO2, 0.38% S, 0.06% P. Reserves of 1,289 million tonnes Fe ore. Liaoji Deposit is hosted in the Dayugou Formation of the Archean Anshan Group. The bodies are stable stratiform and are concordant to their host amphibolite, quartz chlorite schist and mica-quartz schist. The deposit minerals include mainly magnetite and hematite, secondly pyrite, specularite, siderite and pseudomorph of hematite. Gangue minerals consist of quartz, tremolite, secondly of muscovite, calcite, actinolite, talc and ferrodolomite. Accessary minerals are apatite and zircon. The deposit minerals are banded, laminated and massive, schistose. The textures are mainly non-equagranular crystalloblastic and fibrous crsytalloblastic. Five deposit mineral assemblages occur: magnetite-quartzite, tremolite-magnetite-quartzite, magnetite-hematite-quartzite, hematite-quartzite and siderite-magnetite-quartzite. Alteration of wallrock is limited and consists of chlorite, pyrite and muscovite. Feng, Shouzhong, 1993. China K 51 18 Rongguan, Liaoning Province 41 17 45N 41.2958333333333 123 45 00E 123.75 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Medium Not available. Hunjuang-Taizihe Consists of thin, concordant gypsum beds in Early Cambrian carbonate in the Mantou Formation. Four horizons occur and the main horizon is 2,800 m long and 5.5 m thick. The deposit minerals are carbonates and sulphates with a simple mineralogy. Main minerals are gypsum, karstenite, dolomite, calcite, quartz, illite and minor montmorillonite. The sedimentary environments is interpreted as a super-tidal vaporizing Sabha or high saline basin Ren, Caohong, and Cai, Jingming, 1989. China K 51 19 Zhuanmiao, Liaoning Province 40 46 10N 40.7694444444444 125 01 15E 125.020833333333 B Magnesite Sedimentary-metamorphic borate Large Average grade of 17.2% B2O3. Resources of 525 thousand tonnes B2O3. Jiliaojiao Deposit consists of two types of bodies; One type consists of suanite and boramagnesite and occurs as beded and stratiform bodies concordant to hosting magnesite. Suanite, boromagnesite and magnesite coexist in mosaic texture and all belong to the metamorphic products. The other type occurs as explosive breccia or stockwork in magnesia silicates, showing features of epigenetic origin. Besides suanite and boromagnesite, other frequently met minerals in the second type and include dolomite, magnesite, olivine and diopside. Widely spread alteration minerals are serpentine, talc, tremolite, phlogopite and tourmaline. Deposit, like other boron deposits in the eastern Liaoning and eastern Jilin provinces, occurs in a sequence of volcanic-sedimentary strata of the Paleoproterozoic(The Lieryu Formation of the Liaohe Group. Recent geological and geochemical data(boron isotopes included) show the deposit is primarily related to evaporation. Qiming, Peng and others, 1993. China K 51 2 Sanmen, Jilin Province 43 08 10N 43.1361111111111 124 35 11E 124.586388888889 Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Large Average grade of 180 g/t Ag. North Jilin Consists of veins, lenses and stockworks. The main part of the deposit is 1800 m long. The deposit minerals occur in masses, veinlets and disseminations and consist of native silver, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, argentite, Cu and Sn sulfides and quartz. Intense host rock alteration consists of silica, pyrite, beresite alterations. The host rock is Cambrian and Ordovician intermediate and siliceous volcanic rock, sedimentary clastic and carbonate rock that is intruded by Jurassic and Cretaceous granitoids. Deposit is controlled by N-NE-trending faults and fracture zones. Tian, Weisheng, and Shao, Jianbo, 1992. China K 51 20 Beidacheng, Aohan, Inner Mongolia 42 15 00 N 42.25 120 25 00 E 120.416666666667 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. Yanshan The deposit is located in a strata sequence consisting the biotite plagioclase gneiss, amphibole plagioclase gneiss of the Archean Xiaotazhigou Formation, Jianping Group. Quartz orthoclase porphyry, rhoylite porphyry of the Yanshan Orogeny are also exposed in the area. The gold veins are controlled by NEE trending compressive faults in NEE trending ductile-brittle shear zones in the metamorphic rocks of the Xiaotazhigou Formation. There are two types of mineralization: pyrite-quartz veins and altered rock. The metallic minerals include gold, pyrite and minerals of Ag-Au series, some chalcopyrite, occasionally galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals include quartz, chlorite and sericite. The main gold-hosting minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite. The gold veins have apparent alteration zoning: the core of the alteration is featured by silicification, sericitization and chloritization, accompanied by large amount of sulphides; the two sides of the alteration zone is characterized by weak development of alteration, presence of carbonifation and epidotization and decreased amonut of sulphides. Four mineralization stages have been recognized: pyrite-quartz-sericite; gold-pyrite-quartz; gold-base metallic sulphide-quartz and carbonate stages.The deposit is interpretated as epithermal veins formed at shallow depth of the crust and is genetically related to varied porphyries outcropped in the area. Yang, Ronglin, 1993. China K 51 21 Baoguosi, Liaoning 42 06 15 N 42.1041666666667 120 50 40 E 120.844444444444 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 33.78% Fe, 0.015% S, 0.01% P for magnetite quartzite; and 35.81% FE, 0.015% S, and 0.01% P for hematite quartzite. Reserves of 107.9 million tonnes ore. Liaoxi Occurs in the middle member of the Xiaotazhigou Formation of the Archean Jianping Group. The formation consists of: (1) lower migmatitic biotite-plagioclase gneiss intercalated with plagioclase amphibolite and magnetite quartzite; (2) middle migmatitic biotite-plagioclase gneiss intercalated with granulite, magnetite quartzite and amphibolite; and (3) upper interbedded gneissic migmatite and migmatitic plagioclase amphibolite. The deposits are stratiform and layered. Mainly two types of ores exist. One type is magnetite quartzite type and the other is as hematite pseudomorph quartzite type. The deposit minerals are mainly of magnetite and quartz. Other minerals are hematite, pyrite, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite, and biotite. Typical deposit structures are gneissic, banded, and massive structures, and typical depsoit textures are medium- to coarse-grained, crystalloblastic and xenomorphic granular crystalloblastic. Alterations are chlorite, biotite, sericite, and carbonate alteration. The deposits are interpreted as a metamophosed Archean sedimentary sequence. Xu Guangsheng, 1993. China K 51 22 Gongchangling, Anshan, Liaoning Province 41 10 45N 41.1791666666667 123 30 10E 123.502777777778 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 32.82% Fe. Reserves of 760 million tonnes ore. Liaoji Consists of several layers in host metamorphic rock of the Archean Anshan Group that occur in a anticlinorium intruded by two ages of granite plutonism at about 2,100 to 2,300 Ma and 1,700 to 1,900 Ma. The host metamorphic rock is biotite microgneiss, amphibolite, mica schist, biotite gneiss, and garnet-chlorite schist that are derived form volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit beds range from several m to several tens of m thick and from several hundred m to 1 km long. Textures layers are banded, paragneissic, and massive. Ore minerals are coarse-grained magnetite, quartz and minor amphibole. Moderate amount of rich ore minerals, with over 50% Fe and consist mainly of magnetite, maghemitite, graphite, quartz, garnet, cummingtonite, pyrite, and pyrrhopyrite with mainly massive textures and local porous textures. There are two different interpretations for the origin of the Fe-rich ore minerals: formation during hydrothermal reworking of lean ore; or enrichment of primary siderite (BIF) beds during regional metamorphism. The metamorphic age of the Anshan Group, that hosts the Gongchangling Fe deposit, is 2,500 to 2,650 Ma. The age of the source rock is probably older than 2,800 Ma. Cheng, Yuqi and others, 1994. China K 51 23 Daheishan 1, Aohan, Inner Mongolia 42 10 15N 42.1708333333333 120 20 05E 120.334722222222 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan The deposit is distributed within a 0-3km range of the external contact zone of the Damiao granite intrusion of the later Hercynian orogeny and the host rocks for the gold lodes are the Archean gneiss of the Xiaotazhigou Formation, Jianping Group. more than 30 gold lodes have been found to be controlled by near E-W trending shear zones. The ores belong to the massive, disseminated galena-pyrite-siliceous cataclastic rock type. The ores consist of quartz and pyrite, as well as galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, sericite, chlorite, calcite and dolomite. Gold mainly occur in the fissures of pyrite and quartz as fissure gold and shows close relation with galena and sphalerite. Alteration closely related to gold mineralization include silicification, pyritization, sericitization, chloritization and kaolinization. The deposit is suggested to be magmatic hydrothermal origin. Lou Hongxue, 1995. China K 51 24 Jinchanggouliang, Inner Mongolia 42 10 00N 42.1666666666667 120 18 00E 120.3 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Reserves of 17.67 tonnes Au. Grade is 13.09 g/t Au. Yanshan Occurs in the NW outer contact zone of a Mesozoic granodiorite stock. More than 50 Au altered zones occur in gneiss and amphibolite of the Archean Xiaotazhigou Formation. The zones are generally several hundred m long and 1 to 5 m wide, and mostly trend NW and dip steeply SW or NE. Deposit occurs discontinously in altered zones in layers or lenses. The ore minerals occur mainly in masses and dense disseminations, and consist mainly of pyrite, quartz, sericite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Sulphur isotopes are characeristic of meterorites and are narrowly concentrated around 0. Homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusions in quartz range from 250 to 370øC. A K-Ar isotopic age for a related dike is about 120 Ma. Zhou, Kun, 1995. China K 51 25 Qidashan, Anshan, Liaoning Province 41 08 20N 41.1388888888889 123 20 30E 123.341666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 30% Fe. Reserves of 470 million tonnes Fe ore. Liaoji Consists of layered bodies concordant to their host rock of chlorite schist, mica schist, phyllite and quartzite of the Anshan Group. The layers range up to 100-300 m thick and 15 km long. Deposit is banded and consists of martite, magnetite and quartz. The rich part of the deposit with more than 50% TFe only forms 1% the deposit. Most of the deposit displays surface oxidation and leaching. Xu, Guangsheng, 1993. China K 51 26 Erdaogou, Liaoning Province 42 05 00N 42.0833333333333 120 20 50E 120.347222222222 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 16.15 g/t Au. Reserves of 5.20 tonnes Au. Yanshan Hosted in Jurassic volcanic rock and consists of gold veins that trend NW and EW and cut volcanic rock. Along the gold veins are local, parallel diorite dikes in the footwall or hanging wall of the gold veins, or in veins. The ore minerals occur in lenses or layers. Deposit contains a low temperature assemblage. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, electrum, and minor tetrahedrite, pyrargyrite, and sanguinite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, and calcite, minor chlorite, kaolinite, illite, adularia, zeolite, and chalcedony. Alterations are silica, sericite, carbonate, chlorite, illite, adularia, zeolite, and chalcedony alterations. Deposit is interpreted as related to a granodiorite porphyry stock 1 km to the W of the deposit. Pang Jiangli, 1998. China K 51 27 Yingtaoyuan, Anshan, Liaoning Province 41 08 40N 41.1444444444444 123 05 30E 123.091666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Not available. Liaoji Consists of stratiform and bedded BIF bodies and the host rock belong to the metamorphosed sedimentary sequence and are composed of sericite chlorite schist, mica schist, microgneiss, quartz phyllite and amphibolite of the Upper Anshan Group metamorphosed under chlorite-amphibolite facies. Only one major layer is 100-340 m thick and with a 10 km strike extension. The deposit minerals are banded and are composed of magnetite and quartz, associated with minor amount of amphibole. In the lean Fe ore, some rich ore (TFe>60%) occur to consist of martite, magnetite and quartz. The shape of rich bodies is irregular and bodies usually occur near fault zones. A K-Ar isotopic age of altered muscovite is 2,428 Ma. Cheng, Yuqi and others, 1994. China K 51 28 Zhangjiagou, Liaoning Province 40 46 02N 40.7672222222222 124 05 10E 124.086111111111 Pyrrhotite Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Occurs in a sequence of marine volcanic-sedimentary rock of the Gaojiayu Formation of the Proterozoic Liaohe Group and controlled apparently by the horizon. In a metallogenic belt of 30 km, the main deposit controls are the same. The bodies of the deposit are controlled by the same lithology and horizon. During later modification, sulphides were remobilized and re-emplaced in veins. There are two types of bodies: sedimentary stratiform tourmaline pyrrhotite bodies and hydrothermal veined quartz-pyrite bodies. Two types of bodies may occur in one single deposit, or in separate deposits. Xia, Xuehui, 1997. China K 51 29 Wengquangou, Liaoning Province 40 42 00N 40.7 124 03 00E 124.05 B Fe,U,REE Sedimentary-metamorphic borate Large Average grade of 30.65% TFe. Reserves of 21.9 million tonnes B2O3. Average grade of 7.27% B2O3. Reserves of 283 million tonnes of iron ore. Superlarge deposit. Jiliaojiao Deposit is hosted in an unusual Paleoproterozoic volcanic and sedimentary sequence, including tourmaline-bearing rock and albite-and microcline-bearing rock. Ludwigite also occurs. Deposit is hosted in Mg magnesian carbonates and Mg silicate rock metamorphosed to amphibolite facies and intensely deformed at about 1.9 Ga. Nine stratiform deposits occur in metamorphosed B rock units in a syncline that extends in EW for about 4.5 km. The largest no.1 lode extends 2,800 m EW and 1,500 m wide NS and averages 45 m thick. Deposit types are metasedimentary (type A) and hydrothermal (type B). Type A is conformably hosted in stratiform magnesian carbonates (mainly magnesite). Suanite [Mg2(B2O5)] is the main deposit mineral and suggest derivation from B-and Mg-carbonate originaly deposited in evaporite-related sedimentary rock. Type B occurs in stratiform Mg-silicates in breccia or deformed bands and are the most important deposits in the area. Breccia fragments consist of laminated, fine-grained farsterite and diopside in a matrix of suanite and magnesite. Breccia contains fractured Mg-silicates with irregular shape fragments in the matrix. Deposit averages about 30.65% Fe and to 7.23% B2O3. Many interpretations exist for the the origin of mineral deposit, including metasomatism, migmatization hydrothermal activity, metamorphosed hydrothermal-sedimentary deposit and others. A recent study suggests formation during metamorphism of an evaporite sequence in a Paleoproterozoic rift (Qiming Peng and others, 1993; Peng and Palmer, 1994). Qiming, Peng and others, 1993; Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1996. China K 51 3 Xiangluwanzhi, Jilin Province 42 14 05N 42.2347222222222 125 18 00E 125.3 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. Liaoji Occurs in a blind explosive breccia mass and the bodies are distributed in the faults and fracture zones at both footwall and hanging wall of the breccia mass or in the breccia mass. Sericite alteration, pyrite alteration and pyrite alteration occur in the faults and fracture zones. Gold is closely associated with altered faults. The bodies ate veined and banded and having a similar occurrence as the explosive breccia mass. The deposit minerals display idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic, metasomatic and solid solution textures and occur in masses, bands, disseminatins, veinlets, stockwork and breccia. The deposit minerals are gold, electrum, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, stibnite, arsenopyrite, minor amount of scheelite and molybdenite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, calcite and chlorite. Deposit has four stages of deposition: sericite-quartz-pyrite; gold-pyrite-quartz; gold-sulphides-quartz; gold-sulphides-quartz-calcite. The third stage is the most important for gold deposition. The temperature for main deposition stage is 150-360 C, Deposition pressure is 35-50 MPa. It is interpreted as moderate-low temperature volcanic hydrothermal deposit. Li, Changshun, and Yao, Rujiang, 1997. China K 51 30 Baiyunshan, Liaoning Province 40 48 10 N 40.8027777777778 123 35 05 E 123.584722222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Consists of lensoid, lenticular, nested, and irregular masses of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, and gangue minerals, including quartz, sericite, K feldspar, calcite, and dolomite. Ore minerals occur along interformational folds in phyllite, mica schist, and dolomite. Ores minerals vary from massive to disseminated. Host rocks altered to quartz, sericite, and pyrite. Gold varies from fine-grained to microscopic and grades into electrum. Host rocks are slightly metamorphosed Paleoproterozoic carbonaceous, volcanic, clastic, and carbonate rocks of the Liaohe Group that is part of the Sino-Korean Craton. Xu Enshou and others, 1994. China K 51 31 Qingchengzi, Liaoning Province 40 46 00N 40.7666666666667 123 38 00E 123.633333333333 Pb,Zn Cu,Ag,Cd Korean Pb-Zn massive sulfide Large Average grade of 2.64% Pb, 1.90% Zn. Reserves of 728,900 tonnes Pb, 349,300 tonnes Zn. Jiliaojiao Consists of stratiform, feather and vein masses of mainly galena, sphalerite, pyrite and pyrrhotite, with minor arsenophyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite and tetrahedrite that are hosted in marble of the Proterozoic Liaohe Group. Deposit minerals are medium-to coarse-grained and vary from euhedral or subhedral. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations, bands, veinlets, networks, breccia and deformed zones. Deposit occurs at the intersection of Yingkou-Kuandian uplift and Qianshan Mountain Range. Tu, Guangzhi and others, 1989; Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984b. China K 51 32 Fanjiapuzi, Liaoning Province 40 45 00N 40.75 122 57 00E 122.95 Talc Magnesite Talc (magnesite) replacement Large Reserves of 36 million tonnes talc. Superlarge deposit. Jiliaojiao Occurs in the eastern Liaoning Proterozoic rift zone and is closely associated with Mg host rock in the upper part of the Paleoproterozoic Dashiqiao Formation. Deposit occurs on the N limb of a N-NE-trending synclinorium in the huge Yingkou-Dashiqiao-Fanjiapuzi magnesite belt. Deposits are stratiform and lenticular and are comfortable with wallrock. Coarse-grained magnesite often occurs in talc bodies. Where talc content is over 70%, hand sorting produces a high quality, rose or white ore minerals that contains 30 to 32% MgO, 59 to 62% SiO2, <19% CaO and <0.5% Fe2O3. Where ore mineral whiteness is over 85 and talc content is between 50% and 90%, flotation process produces a high quality talc powder. Li Yuya and others, 1994. China K 51 33 Xiafangshen, Liaoning Province 40 40 00N 40.6666666666667 122 50 00E 122.833333333333 Magnesite Talc Sedimentary-metamorphic magnesite Large Reserves of 258 million tonnes magnesite. Superlarge deposit. Jiliaojiao Occurs in the Proterozoic Eastern Liaoning rift zone in the Paleoproterozoic Dashiqiao Formation. The host rock is mainly two-mica quartz schist, sillimanite-kyanite-straurolite two-mica schist, magnesite marble and dolomitic marble, with a total thickness of 3516 m. Deposit layers occur in a N-NE-striking monocline that extends 3,250 m. Deposits are multiply layered and stratiform. thelowest deposit is dominant, extends 3,626 m along strike and averages 205 m thick. Deposit minerals are mainly massive with secondary banded deposits consisting of magnesite and minor talc, tremolite, dolomite and clinochlorite. Magnesite is dominantly medium-and coarse-grained and contains 47.30% MgO. Li, Yuya and others, 1994. China K 51 34 Wulong, Liaoning Province 40 08 35N 40.1430555555556 124 20 20E 124.338888888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 6.70 g/t Au. Reserves of 9.02 tonnes Au. Jiliaolu Occurs to the N of the Sanguliu Intrusion and the direct host rock of the deposit are gneissic granite. Quartz veins are filled along different strutural fissures and fractures and are accompanied by varied dikes. Four assemblages of deposit minerals occur: gold-quartz-pyrite and pyrrhotite, gold-quartz-bismuthite, gold-base metallic sulphides and gold-quartz-chlorite. The bodies are mainly veined, lenticular and irregular. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is relatively simple. Metallic sulphides include mainly of pyrite and pyrrhotite, secondly of mismuthinite, native bismuth, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Scheelite and arsenopyrite occur locally. Gangue minerals are quartz, and minor calcite, chlorite and fluorite. For metallogenic stages are divided according to the geological observation and the forming sequence of the minerals. The homogenous temperature of quartz shows three ore forming temperature range: 310-380 C, 220-300 C and 110-200 C.The alterations are widely exposed, but are not intense. The width of alteration zone is generally 2-5 m up to 10 m. Alteration types include silica altration, sericite, beresite, pyrite and carbonate alteration. Deposit is interpreted as hydrothermal origin. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1996. China K 51 35 Sidaogou, Liaoning Province 40 08 40N 40.1444444444444 124 12 00E 124.2 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Not available. Jiliaolu Hosted in sedimentary rock of the Liaohe Group that is part of Jurassic sedimentary-pyroclastic unit in a NE-trending subsidence basin. The intrusions of the Yanshan Orogeny are associated with various dikes. Economic bodies occur in the metamorphosed interbeds of sandstone and shale and in banded, graphite-bearing, metamorphose calceous fine sandstone in the core or two limbs of EW-trending folds confined by two NE-trending faults. The shape of bodies is very complicated, controlled by both the folding of host rock and faulting. Three types of deposit mineral occurrences exist: massive pyrite; dense veinlets and disseminated pyrite and sparsely veinlets and disseminations pyrite. The deposit mineralogy is relatively simple and metallic mineral is mainly pyrite, but pyrrhotite, scheelite, chalcopyrite and galena also occur. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and sericite. The deposit minerals are characterized by xenomorphic granular, replacement and dissolving, replacement and vein textures and massive, disseminated and veinlet and breccia structures. Gold deposition could be divided into four stages: quartz-pyrite, quartz-pyrrhotite-pyrite, quartz-pyrite-chlorite and carbonate. Au, Ag, Cu Pb Zn minerals are closely related to varied dikes and parts of granite porphyry and diorite porphyry underwent so intense silica alteration and pyrite alteration to form small Au bodies. Deposit is usually interpreted as polygenetic origin, but Mesozoic hydrothermal fluids have played an important role in the formation of the deposit. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1996. China K 51 36 Houxianyu, Liaoning Province 40 30 30N 40.5083333333333 122 57 05E 122.951388888889 B Fe Sedimentary-metamorphic borate Large Average grade of 7.61% B2O3. Jiliaojiao Consists of stratiform bodies that are concordant to the gneissic schistosity in host rock. The ore minerals occur in masses and layers, and consist of ascharite, suanite, collbranite, and Ti-collbranite. Grades of MgO and Fe2O3 are 39.59% and 16.71% respectively. The alteration zones are: (1) serpentinite and serpentinite-altered forsterite-borite zone; (2) phlogopite zone; (3) phlogpite-tremolite zone; (4) tourmaline zone and (5) phlogopite leptinite zone. The host strata are leptinite and leptite of the Paleoproterozoic Kuandian Group and their isotopic age is 2500 Ma. The tectonic setting for the deposit is the Liaodong Proterozoic rift. Jiang, Chunchao and others, 1994. China K 51 37 Xiaoshengshuisi, Liaoning Province 40 35 15N 40.5875 122 38 05E 122.634722222222 Magnesite Talc Sedimentary-metamorphic magnesite Large Not available. Jiliaojiao The bodies are bedded and stratiform and are hosted in the middle part of the third member of the Dashiqiao Formation, Liaohe Group of the Paleoproterozoic. The deposit mineral layers are concordant to host rock and trend NE 65-75 and dip gentlly S. The main body is 1760 m long and 390 m thick. The deposit minerals include magnesite, dolomite, talc, opal, quartz and clinochlore. The deposit minerals are massive and banded. The average content of MgO is 44.47%. Li, Yuya, Liu, Guochun, and Deng, Baoding, 1994. China K 51 38 Paishanlou, Liaoning Province 40 48 20N 40.8055555555556 121 55 50E 121.930555555556 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Average grade of 4.00 g/t Au. Reserves of 25.88 tonnes Au. Liaoxi Consists of 13 lensoid deposits that range up to 1000 m long along a mylonite schistosity. The shear zone trends EW for 20 km and ranges from 2 to 4 km wide. Deposit in the shear zone is 3000 m long and 250 to 460 m wide and forms veinlets and disseminations in altered mylonite. Deposit minerals are gold, electrum, pyrite and chalcopyrite and the gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, ankerite, sericite, chlorite and others. The diameter of gold grain is 0.001 to 0.015 mm and the average Au fineness is 929. Pyrite forms two stages. The early stage is fine and Au-bearing and occurs along the mylonite schistosity. The late-stage is coarse-grained, barren and occurs as fine veinlets cutting the mylonite schistosity. Deposit alteration zones are: an internal zone of zone of pyrite and sericite; an intermediate zone of ankeritie; and an outer zone of chlorite. The host rock is the Archean Jianping Group composed of microgneiss and marble. The Paishanlou deposit is the largest of several deposits that occur along the EW-trending shear zone. Shen, Baofen and others, 1994. China K 51 39 Xiuyuan 1, Liaoning Province 40 20 00N 40.3333333333333 123 15 00E 123.25 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Jiliaolu Host rocks are two mica quartz schist and biotite granulite of the Gaixian Formation, Liaohe Group. Igneous rocks include the para-porphyritic granite of Indian-China period, and granodiorite and fine granite of the Yanshan Orogeny. In the mining area, more than a hundred intermediate-mafic dikes occur. Gold veins are controlled strictly by faults and accompanied by these dikes. The bodies are generally ved. The main gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, feldspar and calcite. Main deposit minerals are pyrrhotite and pyrite whereas minor ones include galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, gold and others. The deposit mineral textures are mainly idiomorphic, hypidiomorphic and xenomorphic grained and metasomatic textures. Deposit minerals occur in breccia, disseminations and bands. Alterations include pyrite, silica, sericite and carbonate alteration. Pyrite and silica alteration indicate gold enrichment whereas sericite alteration and carbonate alteration reflect lower grade. Deposit exhibits four stages: quartz-pyrite, quartz-gold-base metallic sulphides, pyrrhotite-base metallic sulphides and pyrrhotite-carbonates. Pyrite and quartz are the main gold hosting minerals. Deposition time is 105.5 Ma. Liu, Tieyu, 1995. China K 51 4 Nanlongwangmiao, Liaoning Province 42 16 05N 42.2680555555556 124 48 10E 124.802777777778 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 3-6 g/t Au. Liaoji Consists of 46 lensoid and veined bodies, the largest of that is 300 m long, 1-3 m wide. The bodies are concordant with the mylonite schistosity. There are two types of deposit, gold-bearing quartz vein and veinlets and disseminations composed of gold-bearing pyrite veinlets in biotite microgneiss. The deposit minerals include pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, gold and other sulphides and the gangue minerals are plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, amphibole, epidote and calcite. Gold 0.02-0.035 mm and of purity of 879-969. Alteration in host rock is intense and include silica alteration, sericite alteration, chlorite alteration and pyrite alteration. The supracrustal rock in the mine belong to the Archean greenstone belt that contain an assemblage of strongly metamorphosed volcanic rock and volcanic graywacke that are intercalated with BIF. Cheng, Yuming and others, 1996. China K 51 40 Xiuyuan 2, Liaoning Province 40 14 00N 40.2333333333333 123 28 00E 123.466666666667 Pb Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.33% Pb, up to 6% Pb, average grade of 3.27% Zn, up to 8% Zn, up to 0.62% Cu. Jiliaolu Occurs at the northern concave part of a monzonite porphyry intrusion. Some veins occur in the intrusion whereas other veins in the metamorphic rock of the Liaohe Group hosting the intrusion. Deposit contains mainly sulphide-bearing quartz veins. Main sulphides include galena, sphalerite, pyrite and chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and tetrahedrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, dolomite and siderite. Alteration include silica alteration, pyrite alteration, sericite alteration, chlorite alteration and carbonate alteration, locally serpentinization and alteration to hornfels. The deposit minerals are closely associated with various dikes. Deng, Guoquan, and Jia, Dacheng, 1994. China K 51 41 Lanjiagou, Liaoning Province 40 58 00N 40.9666666666667 120 45 00E 120.75 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Average grade of 0.141% Mo. Reserves of 112,609 tonnes Mo. Yanshan Consists of veins, veinlets and disseminations in fine-grained Lanjiagou prophyritic granite(154.06 Ma, K-Ar) that intrudes the coarse-grained Hongluoshan granite with K-Ar isotopic ages of 178-186 Ma. The former granite is of an exposure area of several to dozen of sq.km. whereas the latter 200 sq.km. The host granite is rich in potasium, with the K2O/Na2O ratios of 1.11-1.42. Strata are in various periods from Archean through Proterozoic, Paleozoic to Mesozoic. Deposit minerals are mainly molybdenite, pyrite whereas sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite, magnetite, argentite and native silver. Wallrock alterations are in linear pattern, that are k-feldsparitization, greisen alteration, silica alteration, illitization, Fe-Mn-bearing carbonate alteration and chlorite alteration. There are four types of deposit, thick quartz vein, fine quartz vein, fractured zone and joint networks. The bodies are quite big, mostly more than 700 m in length and 13-31 m in thickness. Deposit occurs in the transition zone between Shanhaiguan-Beizhen uplift and East Liaoning subsidence zone in Yanshan depression in the N part of Sino-Korean plate. Huan, Dianhao and others, 1994. China K 51 42 Chaoyang, Liaoning Province 41 10 05N 41.1680555555556 120 08 15E 120.1375 Asbestos Carbonate-hosted asbestos Medium Not available. Yanliao-2 The strata exposed in the area are mainly siliceous carbonate rocks of the Middle Proterozoic Wumishan Formation. Other Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks are also met. The intrusions in the area are predominantly basic rocks. At the external contact zones between the basic intrusions and siliceous, calcalic dolomite, serpentinization and asbestos mineralization are widely seen. The ore bodies are stratiform, lentoid and irregular in shape and are concordant to their host dolomites. Main alteration include serpentinization, carbonitization, silicification and alteration to tremolite, diopside and talc and they overprinted in space. No alteration zoning could be divided. the forming sequence is roughly the followings: carbonatization-serpentinization; alteration to tremolite-diopside; serpentinization-carbonization; and alteration to talc-silicification-carbonitization. It is believed that host rocks provided the ore-forming materials, magmatic intrusions provided some heat and hydrothermal fluids needed. It is suggeted to be reworked stratabound deposit by some researchers. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, 1996. China K 51 43 Maoling, Liaoning Province 40 17 05N 40.2847222222222 122 47 05E 122.784722222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Grade of 1-3 g/t Au, locally up to 10 g/t Au. Jiliaojiao Consists of a mylonite hosted gold-bearing quartz vein and veinlet-stockwork sulphides (generally 0.5-2%) in phyllite and quartzite of the Gaixian Formation, Liaohe Group. The strata are intensely folded, sheared and deformed. Deposit is controlled by a shear zone and the main belt is 1500 m long and 20-200 m wide. The deposit minerals occur in laminae or layers, are folded, have boudinage structures and exhibit cataclasis, stress shadows and xenomorphic textures. The main deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and minor deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, minor chlorite, phyllite and biotite. Gold occurs as native gold and electrum with purity of 712-812. Au is positively related to As content. 34S value of arsenopyrite is 8.9-9.9, whereas the value of pyrrhotite is 7.2-7.4. Some studies indicate the deposit is related to metamorphism and Paleoproterozoic shearing. Others interpret the deposit as related to Mesozoic granite. Dai, Lijun, 1992, Ren, Zhongyuan, 1990. China K 51 44 Liutun, Liaoning Province 40 50 00N 40.8333333333333 120 58 00E 120.966666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Yanshan Deposit hosed in late Archean migmatized granite. To the S of deposit is the Tianqiao monzonite intrusion, and to the N is the Lanjiatun plagioclase granite, varied dikes of diorite, lamprophyre, quartz porphyry are widely spread. Two main gold veins are located in EW-trending fault zones. Diorite dikes usually follow the gold veins. The bodies are veined and have similar occurrence as that of controlling faults. The deposit minerals include gold, electrum, petzite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, limonite, hematite, bornite, chalcocite and covellite. Gangue minerals are quartz and feldspar, amphibole, sericite and carbonate minerals. The deposit mineral textures are cataclastic, filling, metasomatic and inclusive and occur in breccia, stockwork, disseminations, lumps and honeycombs. Alteration closely related to gold deposition include silica alteration, pyrite alteration, chalcopyrite alteration and limonitization. Three deposition stages occur: gold-pyrite-white quartz; gold-base metallic sulphides-quartz; gold-galena-quartz. The second stage of deposition is the most important. Depositional age is interpreted at about 180 Ma based on a K-Ar isotopic age for parallel diorite dikes. Deposit is interpreted as related to magmatic hydrothermal fluids. Li, Guokuan, and Hou, Zhenyuan, 1995. China K 51 45 Wafangzi, Liaoning Province 41 01 10N 41.0194444444444 120 05 15E 120.0875 Mn Fe Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Large Grade of 18-24% Mn. Reserves of 334 million tonnes ore. Yanliao-2 Consists of stratiform and lensoid masses. The thickness of a single layer is only 10 to 30 cm. Deposit comprises three layers that are 1 to 2 m thick on average. These three layers are hosted in pelitic rock the middle part of the Mesoproterozoic Tieling Formation of the Jixian Group in a NE-striking anticlinorium. Deposit occurs on the SE limb of the anticlinorium. Deposit is divided into three types: (1) sedimentary manganite and rhodochrosite with para-oolitic, banded, massive and psephitic textures; and (2) contact metamorphic bixbite, braunite, manganoferrite, coarse-grained rhodochrosite, Ca-rhodochrosite, Mn-olivine, Mn-garnet, diopside and sulphides; (3) oxidized, massive, banded and radiating psilomelane, pyrolusite, calcite, dolomite and quartz. The sedimentary environment is interpreted as shallow marine or nearshore. To the W of the deposit is a group of smaller sedimentary Mn deposits. Ye, Lianjun and others, 1994. China K 51 46 Yangjiazhangzi, Liaoning Province 40 40 00N 40.6666666666667 120 38 00E 120.633333333333 Mo WñMoñBe skarn Medium Average grade of 0.141% Mo. Reserves of 32,145 tonnes Mo. Yanshan Consists of tabular skarns that occur along the contact zone between the coarse-grained Hongluoshan granite (with a K-Ar isotopic age of 178 to 186 Ma) and Middle Cambrian to Middle Ordovician limestone. Deposit is 500 m long, 220 m wide and extends 600 m downdip. The main skarn body, is 300 to 800 m long, 3 to 10 m thick and extends 200 to 350 m downdip. The deposit minerals are mainly molybdenite and pyrite, with lesser sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite. Molybdenite occurs in disseminations, veinlets and networks. Skarn is an important alteration and skarn exhibits late-stage pyrite, chlorite, carbonate and silica alterations. Molybdenite deposition is closely related to silica alteration. As with the Lanjiagou porphyry Mo deposit, this deposit also occurs in the Proterozoic Yanshan Basin zone along the northern edge of the Sino-Korean Plate. Huan, Dianhao and others, 1994. China K 51 47 Gadagou, Liaoning Province 40 40 00N 40.6666666666667 120 28 00E 120.466666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Yanshan Consists of veins occuring in late Jurrassic granite. Deposit exhibits pyrite beresite alteration. Sulphide is mainly pyrite and gangue minerals are quartz, sericite and minor sericite. AlterationS includes silica, potassic, chlorite, and pyrite alterations. Li, Jiliang, 1996; Xu, Wanchen, 1996. China K 51 48 Bajiazi, Liaoning Province 40 35 14 N 40.5872222222222 120 06 30 E 120.108333333333 Pb,Zn Ag, Cu, Mo Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Grade of 135-291 g/t Ag. Yanshan The deposit consists of stratiform and lentoid ore bodies which are of different scale and are concordant to their host serpentinized marbles and of irregular veined ore bodies. The ores are massive, veinlet-disseminated. The metallic minerals in the ores include galena, sphalerite, silver, electrum, argentite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and molybdenite. Gangue minerals include calcite, quartz, actinolite, rhodonite, serpentine, garnet, humite, barite and magnesite. The ore-bearing strata in the mine are the Mid-Proterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Changcheng System, which make up a syncline oriented in N-S direction. Granite occurs in the mine as stock and dykes. The mineralization is related probably to the intrusion of quartz diorite during Jurassic to Cretaceous time. Xu Enshou and others, 1994. China K 51 5 Dahuanggou, Jilin Province 42 10 00N 42.1666666666667 124 47 00E 124.783333333333 pyrite(S) Cu,Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 20.28% S. Pyrite resources of 10.63 million tonnes. Liaoji Consists mainly of pyrite and pyrrhotite with minor of sphalerite and chalcopyrite hosted by Late Archean gneiss. The gneiss consists of thick amphibole plagioclase gneiss with gneissic interbeds of varied composition and thickness. The deposit is located in a NW oriented, SW overturned tight synform. Two mineralized belts are distributed at the two limbs of the synform. No.I mineralized belt is at the southern limb and is 5.5km long and 5-30m wide; No. II mineralized belt at the northern limb and is 6km long and 10-50m wide. Recrystalline and metasomatic fabrics are widely seen in all metallic minerals. From SE to NW, Cu and Zn increased and with depth, Zn increased. At present, the maximum controled depth is 350m. The most widely seen alteration is muscovitization. When the width of muscovitization zone increased, the ore bodies thickened; When the intensity of muscovitization increased, the intensity of mineralization also increased and massive ores are found. Other alteration includes silicification, sericitization, chloritization. Deng Gongquan, 1994. China K 51 6 Chaihe, Liaoning Province 42 16 00N 42.2666666666667 124 10 00E 124.166666666667 Pb Zn Hg Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Average grade of 3.90% Pb, 8.18% Zn. Reserves of 147,800 tonnes Pb, 391,500 tonnes Zn. Fanhe Consists of about 150 pod-like, stratiform, vein-type deposits. Host rocks are mainly banded dolomite of Early Mesoproterozoic Fanhe group. Ore minerals are mainly galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and others. that occur in masses, veinlets, and disseminations. The deposit is controlled by a northeast-striking fracture zone that is the secondary structure of major Yilan-Yiton fault zone. This fault zone occurs between the Fanhe basin and Tieling-Jingyu uplift. Rui, Zongyao, 1994; Tu, Guangzhi and others, 1994. China K 51 7 Xianjinchang, Qingyuan, Liaoning Province 42 12 45N 42.2125 124 12 45E 124.2125 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Not available. Liaoji Host rocks consist of Archean granulite, hypethene granite and tonalite that are intruded by the Mesozoic Zhuanxianghu quartz diorite that trends NE. Deposit consists of gold-bearing quartz veins controlled by faults. Gold bodies are strictly controlled by quartz vein and are smaller than them. There are two types of gold deposit: quartz-pyrite and quartz-base metallic sulphide types. Gangue minerals include quartz and minor calcite. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and minor amount of sphalerite, tetrahedrite, bornite, magnetite and hemetite. Gold minerals consist of gold and electrum. Deposit saw four stages of mineralizaiton, namely, quarz vein, base metallic sulphides, fine galena and micro-veinlets. Deposit is interpreted as a magmatic hydrothermal one formed during the Mesozoic. He, Jianze, 1994. China K 51 8 Chibaisong, Jilin Province 41 40 00N 41.6666666666667 125 50 00 E 125.833333333333 Ni Cu,Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Medium Average grade of 0.59% Ni. Jiliaojiao Consists of stratiform and pod-like ore bodies in a multistage composite batholith that is composed of diabasic gabbro (89.52% in volume, first stage), olivince noritic gabbro(5.66%, first stage), plagioclase lherzolite(2.44%, first stage), fine-grained nortic gabbro(0.92%, second stage) and gabbroic porphyrite(1.46%, third stage). The batholith intruded into Archean Anshan group and is of whole rock K-Ar age of 2242.5 Ma. Ore Minerals are mainly pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite, with minor amounts of pyrite, violarite, chalcophyrite, vallerite, millerite, marcasite, bornite, galena, chalcocite and sphalerite. Ores are of disseminated, veinlet-disseminated, brecciform, spotted structures. Minerals are anhedral to subhedral. Ore body is 200m long and 20-40m wide, with similar attitude to the batholith. The deposit is distributed in Jiaoliao anteclise, north to Benxi-Hunjiang fault and south to Chifeng-Gudonghe fault. Fang Ruheng and others, 1994. China K 51 9 Ermi, Jilin Province 41 50 05N 41.8347222222222 125 18 30E 125.308333333333 Cu Pb,Zn,Mo,Bi,Au,Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Jiliaolu Hosted in a Late Jurassic sedimentary and volcanic sequence and occurs in the eastern part of a quartz diorite intrusion that intruded into a Mesozoic volcanic basin during the Yanshan orogeny. Deposit mainly occurs in the inner and outer contact zone of a granite porphyry intrusion, partly in the contact zone of quartz diorite intrusion and in andesite. About 8,000 veins occur around quartz diorite and granite porphyry in an arc. The deposits are divided into gently to steeply dipping arcuate fractures with massive ore minerals and steeply-dipping lenses. The ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, marcasite, pyrite, galena, chalcocite, magnetite, and bismuthine. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite along with minor sericite, kaolinite, and chlorite. Cu mainly occurs in chalcopyrite. The ore minerals display idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic, porphyritic, and metasomatic textures. The ore minerals occur in masses, bands, disseminations, breccia, veins, stockworks, and colloidal masses. The main ore mineral assemblages are chalcopyrite-marcasite, Cu-bearing magnetite, tourmaline, and chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite-arsenopyrite. Main alterations silica, tourmalinie, chlorite, carbonate, pyrite, chalcopyrite, kaolinite, and sericite alterations. Vertical and horizontal zoning occurs. Feng Shouzhong, 1998. China K 52 1 Huangsongdianzhi, Hunchun City, Jilin Province 43 12 03N 43.2008333333333 130 59 40E 130.994444444444 Au Placer and paleoplacer Au Medium Average grade of 1.01 g/m3 Au. North Jilin Occurs in the basal conglomerate of the Tertiary Tuchengzhi Formation. Two ore mineral layers occur in the conglomerate. One ore mineral layer is 2,600 m long, 1,000 m wide, and averages 1.87 m thick. The ore minerals occur in masses and layers. There are more than 30 heavy minerals. Besides gold, ilmenite, pyrite, magnetite, arsenopyrite, and lemonite are common. Other minerals are feldspar, quartz, amphibole, sericite, biotite, chlorite, garnet, andalusite, pyroxene, spinel, sillimanite, zircon, sphene, apatite, rutile, and corundum. The source for the deposit is the intermediate to intermediate-siliceous intrusions and related hydrothermal gold veins. Liu, Baocheng and Yuan, Li, 1994. China K 52 10 Naozhi, Jilin Province 43 07 45N 43.1291666666667 129 30 05E 129.501388888889 Au Cu Porphyry Au Medium Not available. North Jilin The are two volcanic-intrusive series related to gold deposition in the area--the Mid Jurassic Tuntanying and the Early Cretaceous Jingouling volcanic-intrusive series. The deposit mineral veins are controlled by faults and the bodies are generally veined, locally pancake shaped. The deposit minerals exhibit idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic, xenomorphic granular, crassing, metasomatic, solid solution and colloid textures and occur in veinlets, disseminations, masses and breccia. The center of bodies are massive whereas the margin of bodies contain disseminations. The deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, gold, electrum, azurite, calaverite, Ag tetrahedrite, argentine, Ag, bornite and others. Gangue minerals are quartz, hydromica, chlorite, kaolinite, calcite and epidote. Four deposition stages are defined: pyrite beresite alteration-quartz; quartz-pyrite-gold; quartz-hydromica-pyrite-electrum-argentine-tetrahedrite-sphalerite-galena-bornite-others and quart-calcite. Alteration include silica alteration, beresite alteration, carbonate alteration-sericite alteration, propylitic alteration and alteration to zeolite and clay minerals. Deposition temperature is estimated at 150-440 C whereas deposition pressure at 8.5 mPa. Deposit belongs to a transitional type between porphyry and epithermal deposit. Rui, Zongyao, 1995. China K 52 11 Tianbaoshan, Jilin Province 42 55 00N 42.9166666666667 129 59 02E 129.983888888889 Cu,Pb,Zn Mo,Sn,Ge Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Average grade of 0.52% Pb, 1.76% Zn. Reserves of 123,300 tonnes Pb,193,900 tonnes Zn. North Jilin Occurs at the intersection of the the EW-trending Tianbaoshan-Madida fault and the major NE-striking Liang Jiang-Tianqiaoling fault. The host rock is Cambrian and Ordovician amphibolite, chlorite schist interlayered with siliceous marble, Late Carboniferous marble interlayered with biotite slate, chert and limestone, Late Trisssic rhyolite, andesite and Late Jurassic mafic and intermediate volcanic rock. Several periods of igneous intrusives occur in the area: (1) early Hercynian gneissoid granite with a U-Pb zircon isochron age of 326.4 Ma; (2) late Hercynian granodiorite with a U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 245.2 Ma; (3) Indosinian porphyritic adamellite and dacite porphyry with a U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 205 Ma; and (4) Yanshannian andesite porphyry and granite porphyry. Deposit is related to Yanshannian igneous rock and is controlled by the intersections of NW-, NE- and NS-trending faults. The skarn occurs in the contact zone of Indosinian and Yanshanian granodiorite porphyry and marble in metavolcanic rock. The main deposit minerals are magnetite, galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Explosive breccia pipe deposits occur in the western part of the Mesozoic Tianbaoshan volcanic basin. Galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite are the main deposit minerals and alteration minerals are quartz, calcite, epidote, hydromica and chlorite. The main sulfide depositional temperatures are 210 to 300 C. Rui, Zongyao, 1994. China K 52 12 Wufeng, Jilin Province 43 06 10N 43.1027777777778 129 15 00E 129.25 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. North Jilin Deposit is controlled strictly by faults and fracture zone and behaves as veins occuring in andesite lava and lava-pyroclastic rock of the Early Cretaceous Jingouling Formation, or as disseminates or veinlets in alkalic granite and subtrachyte andesite of the Yanshan period and in strata of the Jingouling Formation. The deposit minerals are sulphide-poor type and display xenomorphic-idiomorphic, cryptocrystalline, metasomatic, filling, colloid and cataclastic textures and occur in breccia, disseminations, crystal druse and veinlets. The deposit minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, sphalerite, galena, electrum, argentine. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, chalcedony, opal, adularia, zeolite, hydromica, chlorite and albite. Alteration closely related to deposition include silica alteration, carbonate alteration, alteration to zeolite and pyrite beresite alteration. At depth of the deposit, alteration to adularia domains. It is interpreted the temperature for main sulphide minerals are 180-300 C and the deposition pressure is 4-6 mPa, corresponding to 1.5-2 km depth. Rui, Zongyao, 1994. China K 52 13 Changren, Jilin Province 42 51 30N 42.8583333333333 1285845E 129.4 Cu Co, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Medium Average grade of 0.45% Ni. Hongqiling Controlled by NEE oriented fault, the 0.33 km2 dyke of pyroxenite and pyroxene peridotite facies, was intruded into the gneiss and marble of the Lower Paleozoic Qinglongchun Formation. The ore bodies are stratiform and lenticular in shape, occuring in the basal part of the dyke in pyroxene peridotite facies. The ore consist mainly of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and nickle-pyrite. The deposit was formed during the Early Hercynian period. Chen, Zhicheng, 1991. China K 52 14 Jinjia, Rongji County, Jilin Province 43 45 00N 43.75 126 20 00E 126.333333333333 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Medium Not available. North Jiling Occurs in a NS-trending zone 700 m long and 200 m wide. Four bodies occur. Deposit controlled by interformational faults and fracture zones and occur in veins or saddles. The main body is 10-12 m thick. Other bodies occur at the hanging wall of the main body and parellel the main one. The minerals occur in masses, layers, occasional breccia, and honeycomb structures, and are divided into three assemblages: fluorite, quartz-fluorite, and calcite-fluorite. The mineralogy of the ore minerals is very simple - quartz and fluorite. Hydrothermal filling formed the deposit. The host strata are sericite slate and marble in the upper part of the Laxi Formation. Overlying strata is an Early Cretaceous volcanic breccia. In the mine, only altered, andesite and amphibole plagioclase lamprophyre sill occur. Nearby the deposit occurs a granite stock of the Yanshan period. Feng, Wenyou, 1994. China K 52 15 Piaohechuan, Jilin Province 43 18 10N 43.3027777777778 127 25 10E 127.419444444444 Cu Co, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Average grade of 0.83% Ni . Hongqiling Controlled by NW-trending fault, the 0.1 sq.km. lopolith of amphibole gabbro and plagioclase amphibole peridotite facies, intrudes early Paleozoic slate and shale. The bodies are lenticular, occur in the basal part of the lopolith in a plagioclase amphibole peridotite facies. The deposit minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and Ni-pyrite. Deposit formed during the Early Hercynian. Chen, Zhicheng, 1991. China K 52 16 Erdaodianzhi, Jilin Province 43 12 04N 43.2011111111111 127 10 05E 127.168055555556 Au Ag, Cu Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 15.44g/t Au, up to 331.70 g/t Au and 12.45 g/t Ag. North Jilin Consists of 12 gold veins. Single quartz vein is 55-500 m long, with almost similar strike length and downdip extension. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz and minor microcline, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Ore minerals comprise less than 10% deposit and consist of arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, marcasite and gold. Ore minerals exhibit cataclastic, metasomatic, fissure-filling, and colloidal textures. Ore minerals occur in masses, layers, and crystal druse. Deposit is divided into four deposition stages: (1) quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite; (2)-quartz-base metallic sulphides; (3) quartz-colloid pyrite-marcasite; and (4) carbonate-pyrite. Alteration includes silica, sericite, chlorite, and biotite alterations. The width of alteration zone on both sides of gold-bearing quartz veins is less than 1 meter wide. Sericite alteration is closely related to gold deposition. Deposit is magmatic-hydrothermal and related to Late Hercynian granite. The strata exposed in the area are the metamorphic rocks of the early Paleozoic Hulan Group. To the S, W and E of the mine, Late Hercynian biotite plagioclase granite occurand caused contact metamorphism of the Hulan Group. Wu, Shanqua, 1995. China K 52 17 Haigou, Antu County, Jilin Province 42 46 05N 42.7680555555556 128 03 05E 128.051388888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Average grade of 6.15 g/t Au. Reserves of 17.20 tonnes Au. North Jilin Consists of several tens of Av quartz veins that occur adjacent to the Haigou granite. The ore minerals are gold, galena, pyrite, and chalcopyrite, and minor sphalerite, hematite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, tetrahedrite, chalcocite, molybdenite, uraninite, and other trace minerals. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite, and minor sericite and chlorite. Four depositional stages occur.: sulphide-poor quartz vein; gold-sulphide; sulphide-poor, gold-uraninite; and quartz-carbonate. Alteration is divided into three stages: silica alteration-alkalic metasomatic stage; silica-sericite-chlorite-pyrite alteration stage; and chlorite and carbonate alteration stage. Zheng, Qingdong and others, 1996. China K 52 18 Daheishan 2, Jilin Province 43 20 00N 43.3333333333333 126 18 00E 126.3 Mo Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Average grade of 0.066% Mo. Reserves of 1.09 million tonnes Mo. North Jilin Consists of veinlets and disseminations in the Yanshanian plagiogranite that intrudes the highly metamorphosed Variscan granite of the Devonian Hulan group with a K-Ar biotite isotopic age of 354 Ma. The plagiogranite forms an ellipse with a surface area of 8 km2. Ore mineral is mainly molybdenite with minor pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. From central to ourward, the important proximal alterations are silica, sericite, kaolinite alterations. The deposit occurs at the intersection between north-northeast-trending Panshi and the east-west-trending Huadian-Shuanghe structural zones that occur in the southeastern part of the Jilin Variscan fold belt near the north margin of Sino-Korean Plate. Huan, Dianhaoand others, 1994. China K 52 19 Laoniugou, Jilin Province 42 52 45N 42.8791666666667 127 27 40E 127.461111111111 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Medium Grade of 30.5-35.12% Fe, 44.11-47.57% SiO2, 0.19% Ti, 0.06% Mn, 0.07-0.105% S, 0.05-0.057% P. Reserves of 173 million tonnes Fe ore. Liaoji Deposit is hosted in the Sandaogou Formation of the Archean Anshan Group. The 1 and 2 members of the upper subformation of the Sandaogou Formation are the main deposit horizon. Totally 12 sectors, 203 bodies are recognized. The bodies are stratiform, lenticular and lensoid concordant to host rock. The bodies occur clustersly. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is relatively simple, including main magnetite, minor ilminite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, Ti-magnetite, hystatite, oysanite, rutile, sphalerite and galena. Trace deposit minerals are hematite, limonite. Gangue minerals are quartz, cummingtonite, tremolite, actinolite, hornblend, biotite, almandite, hypersthene, chlorite, epidote, calcite, apatite, sphene and zircon. The deposit mineral textures are granular and fibra crystalloblastic textures and the deposit mineral structures are mainly gneissic, massive and banded. Locally schistose and disseminated structures occur. The deposit mineral assemblages are magnetite-quartzite, magnetite-hornblende, magnetite-carbonate, magnetite-garnet and magnetite-chlorite. Alteration is weak and includes biotite, actinolite and epidote alteration of pyroxene and amphibole and chlorite alteration of biotite, and and sericite alteration of feldspar. Cao Jingxian, 1993b;Sheng Baofeng and others, 1994a. China K 52 2 Jinkuangtun, Antu County, Jilin Province 43 45 00N 43.75 129 14 10E 129.236111111111 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Not available. North Jilin Consists mainly of small bodies from several to several tens m long and several tens cm to several m wide. The ore minerals are gold, electrum, pyrite, minor chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, barite, chlorite, sericite, and clay minerals. The ore minerals exhibit crystalline, metasomatic, and cataclastic textures, and occur in breccia, veinlets, masses, dense disseminations, and crystal druse-combs. Adjacent alterations are silica, carbonate, sericite, chlorite, and kaolinite alterations. Gold minerals consist of gold and electrum, and occurs in quartz, calcite, pyrite, and barite. Deposit shows four stages: quartz-calcite, calcite, gold-calcite-quartz, and calcite veinlet. Deposit is interpreted as sulphide-poor calcite-quartz type related to volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal fluids. Deposit formed Late Jurassic. The host strata are metamorphic rock of the Permian Miaoling and Kedao Formations and volcanic rock of the Late Jurassic Tuntianying Formation. The intrusions in the area include Later Hercynian granodiorite, late Hercynian-Early Indosinian monzonite and potassic granite, and the mafic-felsic stocks and dikes.The bodies are controlled by interformational fault zones and are stratiform, bedded and veined. Zhao, Liqing, 1991. China K 52 20 Jiapigou, Jilin Province 42 50 45N 42.8458333333333 127 30 40E 127.511111111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Grade of 5-10 g/t Au. Reserves of 17 tonnes Au. Liaoji Consists of sulphide-poor Au veins that occur in a NW-trending belt that is concordant to a NW-trending hosting shear zone. More than ten Au deposits occur in the NW-trending shear zone that is 40 km long and ranges from 5 to 10 km wide. Ore minerals are pyrite, minor chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, scheelite, wolframite, pyrrhotite, siderite, and scarce sulfosalts. Alterations consists of quartz, sericite, carbonate, pyrite, and chlorite. Au/Ag ratio of the veins is high, and Au fineness is 820. Deposit is hosted along the northern boundary of the Jilin-Liaoning-Shangdong tonalite, trondhjemite, granodiorite terrane of the North China Platform. The supracrustal rock is mafic and intermediate volcanic rock and sedimentary rock metamorphosed to amphibole and local granulite facies. The oldest isotopic age is 3.0 Ga. Younger heating events occurred at mainly 2.5 to 2.6 Ga and 1.9 to 1.6 Ga. Many workiers suggest that the supracrustals in the area comprise a greenstone belt. The origin of the deposit is debated with some geologists interpreting the deposits as related to magmatism during the Hercynian and (or) Yanshan Orogeny. Xu Enshou, Jin Yugui, Zhu Fengshan and others, 1994. China K 52 21 Guanma, Jilin Province 43 10 05N 43.1680555555556 126 12 05E 126.201388888889 Au Ag, Mn ,Sb Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal metasomatite Medium Not available. Hongqiling Occurs in thin-bedded horizons of intermediate and siliceous tuff and marble in the lower part of the Early Carboniferous Lujuantun Formation. Most deposits occur in tuff in stratiform layers and lenses and are concordant and co-deformed with host rock. Five separate deposits occur. The No.1 deposit is 300 m long, extends 200 m downdip and ranges from several to more than ten m thick. The main deposit occurs in gray siliceous rock that contains minor arsenopyrite and pyrite and is sulphide-poor. Some Au deposits also occur in the intercalated siliceous tuff in marble and in siliceous tuff intercalated with marble. Silica alteration occurs in siliceous rock along the contact of marble and tuff. In Au-bearing siliceous rock is local diopside skarn and wollastonite marble. From siliceous rock outwards into tuff for a width of 20 to 50 m, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate alterations are widespread, along with local talc and dolomite. Deposit is interpreted as forming during sedimentary exhalation or hydrothermal alteration. Wang Enyuan, 1989. China K 52 22 Nanlishugou, Panshi County, Jilin Province 43 09 05N 43.1513888888889 126 07 30E 126.125 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Small Range of 53.39-84.56% CaF2 with average grade pf 70.12% CaF2 for calcite-fluorite ore, 47.35% CaF2 for fluorite-calcite ore, 55% CaF2 for quartz- fluorite ore, 40% CaF2 for fluorite-quartz ore, 28-40% CaF2 for calcite-barite-fluorite ore. North Jilin Deposits in the area occur along interformational faults and contact zones between intrusions and marble of the Late Ordovician Shifeng Formation and in crystalline limestone for the Early Carboniferous Lujuantun Formation and the Middle Carboniferous Mopanshan Formation. The present fluorite deposit occurs in the contact fault zone between the Early Yanshan granite porphyry and the crystalline limestone of theLower Carboniferous Lujuantun Formation. Controlled by faults, bodies change greatly, frequently occuring in vien, veinlet, lense, pocket, prism and complicated mass. The fluorite exhibits metasomatic textures and occurs in masses, bands and disseminations. The deposit minerals are fluorite, calcite, quartz and barite. Alteration accompanying fluorite include silica alteration, carbonate alteration, alteration to talc and barite alteration. Shi, Lindao and others, 1994. China K 52 23 Sandaocha, Jilin Province 42 46 05N 42.7680555555556 127 15 15E 127.254166666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Average grade of 19 g/t Au. Liaoji The bodies consist of Au-bearing quartz vein, the orbodies are mainly irregular,blind ones. The main body is 430 m long, 1-2 m thick. The fissures trend NS and overprint the NW-trending Jiapigou shear zone. The body is trending NNE-to NS. Deposit is low sulphide type and the main metallic sulphides are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite and gold. Gangue minerals are quartz, minor chlorite sericite, calcite and others. The deposit minerals occur mainly in bands, disseminations, breccia and masses. Cheng, Yuming and others, 1996. China K 52 24 Hongqiling, Jilin Province 42 53 00N 42.8833333333333 126 30 00E 126.5 Cu,Ni Co,Se,Te,Ag Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Grade of 2.3% Ni, < 0.1ppm RGE. Reserves of 188,230 tonnes Ni. Average grade of 2.3% Ni, < 0.1ppm PGE. Hongqiling Consists of stratiform, tabular masses and pods in a mafic-ultramatic intrusion that intrudes the early Paleozoic Hulan Group. The mafic-ultramafic intrusions consist of norite, pyroxenite, enstatotitite, and peridotite. Deposit is hosted in olivine pyroxenite. Ore minerals are pentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, violarite, millerite, niccolite, maucherite, molybdenite, magnetite, and rutile. Pentlandite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite are dominant. The mafic-ultramafic pluton is controlled by a major fault zone and has K-Ar isotopic ages of 331 to 350 Ma. Deposit is part of a district in the EW-trending Tianshan-Xingan orogenic belt that occurs adjacent to the northern margin of Sino-Korean Plate. Ge, Chaohua and others, 1994. China K 52 25 Banshigou, Jilin Province 42 02 40 N 42.0444444444444 126 32 10 E 126.536111111111 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Grade of 45.05-45.38% Fe, 0.05-1.11% S, 0.055-0.073% P. Reserves of 128 million tonnes ore. Liaoji Within an area of 8km long in EW and 3Km wide in SN direction, the deposit can be divided into three sectors. The main iron-bearing bed is the first Fe-amphibolic rock layer in the Lower Banmiaozhi Formation of the Lower Anshan Group. The ore bodies are controlled by the stratigraphical horizon strictly, and are concordant to their host rocks-biotite gneiss, biotite amphibolic schist, amphibolite, biotite plagioclase gneiss and mica schist. The ore bodies are lenticular, lentoid, stratiform, bedded and irregular. Along the strike and dip, the ore bodies show slight undulation. The ores contain mainly of magnetite, minorly pyrite and chalcopyrite. The gangue minerals include quartz, amphibole and minor garnet. The main ore textures consist mainly of fine crystalloblastic granular texture. The ores have banded, streaky and laminated structures. Rich ore are massive. Late alteration are scarcely found in the ores. Cao, Ronglong and others, 1994. China K 52 26 Liujiapuzhi (Liu Daojiang), Jilin Province 41 57 03N 41.9508333333333 126 47 05E 126.784722222222 Au Cu, Pb,Zn,Ag Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal metasomatite Medium Not available. Jiliaolu Hosted in the limestone in Neoproterozoic, Cambrian and Ordovician Wanlong and Badaojiang Formations. Deposit occurs in various branches, dikes and veins of granite, diorite, diorite porphyry, quartz diorite porphyry and syenite porphyry. Deposits are controlled by faults in a steeply-dipping, quartz diorite porphyry intrusion. Sulphide minerals comprise more than 50% deposit minerals. The deposit minerals occur in masses and disseminations. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite and minor hessite and gold. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Alterations are silica, sericite, pyrite, carbonate, epidote and zeolite alterations. Wu, Shangquan, 1993. China K 52 27 Erdaoyangca, Jilin Province 41 53 40N 41.8944444444444 126 36 15E 126.604166666667 Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Jiliaolu Consists of various bodies within 200-300 m of the contact zone of quartz diorite. Bodies consist of fracture filling, veinlets, and disseminations. Sulphide minerals comprise 50% of the bodies and consist of chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, and sphalerite. Rare ore minerals include pyrite, galena, molybdenite, magnetite, and bismuthine. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and calcite. The ore minerals display idiomorphic, hypidiomorphic, xenomorphic, porphyritic, and metasomatic textures. The ore minerals occur in veins, masses, bands, disseminations, breccia, and stockwork. There are two types of alterations, planar and linear. Planar alteration are widespread in quartz diorite, granite porphyry, and volcanic rock, and consist of chlorite, tourmaline, epidote, carbonate, kaolinite, sericite, and silica alterations. Linear alteration occurs in host rock along both the hanging wall and foot wall. The width of altered zone is 20-40 cm. In quartz diorite and granite porphyry, alteration include sericite and kaolinite alteration; but in, andesite, silica and chlorite alteration are very important. Various lines of evidence shows the deposit is epithermal vein type related to magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The host rocks are granite gneiss and schist of the Archean Anshan Group, quartzite of the Neoproterozoic Daoyutai Formation, and Mesozoic volcanic rocks. Liu Jianjun, 1990. China K 52 28 Linjiang, Jilin Province 41 51 00N 41.85 126 42 00E 126.7 Cu Mo Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Average grade of 0.54% Cu, 0.122% Mo. Liaoji Consists of skarn that occurs mainly at the contact of intrusions with host carbonate rock and consists of garnet, diopside, actinolite, epidote and others skarn minerals. In the area, there are two episodes of magmatic intrusion and eruption. The first episode is the intrusion of granodiorite, at the margin of that only weak skarn occurs. The second episode of intrusion resulted in the formation of small quartz diorite porphyry stocks and dikes related to Cu-Mo skarn in the area. The bodies occur in complex skarn and a single body averages 50 m long, 4.3 m wide, and 50 m deep. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, molybdenite, tetrahedrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and chalcocite. Deng, Guoquan, and Jia, Dacheng, 1994. China K 52 29 Dalizi, Province 41 47 15N 41.7875 126 50 05E 126.834722222222 Fe Pb Zn Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Consists of various bedded, stratiform and lens-shaped deposits that occur in a 10-km-long area that is. A single deposit ranges to 10 to 30 m thick. Deposits are concordant to the deposit-hosting strata. Three types of deposits are recognized according to major ore minerals, siderite, hematite, and magnetite. Siderite deposits are mostly bedded, are concentrated in carbonate rocks, are rich in Pb and Zn, and have potential for stratiform Pb-Zn deposits. Hematite deposits, that are closely associated with magnetite deposits, are massive and banded. The host strata is metamorphosed to greenschist facies and consists of silty mudstone and carbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Laoling Group that are intensely folded. Deposit swarms are clustered in axes of transverse folds. The primary sedimentary environment is interpreted as a secondary shallow basin that formed in a Paleoproterozoic rift. Siderite is concentrated in carbonate sedimentary facies. Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984a, b. China K 52 3 Xiaoxinancha, Jilin Province 43 12 00N 43.2 130 50 00E 130.833333333333 Cu,Au Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Large Not available. North Jilin Located in the intersection place of Tianshan-Jilin(Heilongjiang) EW-trending Paleozioc accretion zone and Circum Pacific Mesozoic tectono-magmatic zone.The oldest exposed strata are early Paleozoic Qinglong Group,that often occur as xenoliths in late Hercynian granite and diorite and consist of amphibolite, amphibolitic gneiss, biotite schist, graphite schist, andalusite state, sillimanite slate and sandy slate.Dispersed early and Late Permian strata are distributed in the adjacent region,that are composed of intermediate-siliceous tuff,volcanic breccia,lava and sandy slate. Jurassic volcanic rock can be seen in the fault basins S and NW to the deposit. Ingneous intrusives account for more than 60% the deposit area, including Hercynian, Indosinian,Yanshannian and Himalayan igneous bodies. Hercynian intrusives are the dominant ones,that are plagioclase granite, biotite-plagioclase granite, gneissoid biotite granite and diorite.The main host rock is Hercynian diorite. During early Yanshannian stage, many kinds of intrusives formed, including diorite, quartz diorite, granite, diorite porphyry, moyite, admallite and granitic porphyry. They occur as small igneous stocks or dikes of Hercynian granite and Jurassic volcanic rock. Intermediate porphyry,especially diorite porphyry (130.1 Ma), are closely related with Cu and Au minerals. Deposit is controlled by the intersection of NW-and NNE-striking faults. There are 34 bodies in a NNW-trending belt with an area of 2.4-1.8 sq.km. The bodies are composite vein type, single vein type, network type and veinlets and disseminations. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, native gold and electrum. Quartz, calcite, sericite, chlorite, epidote, actinolite and zeolite are gangue minerals. Wallrock alterations include K-feldspar alteration, biotitization, beresite alteration, propylitic alteration and carbonate alteration. Deposit-forming temperatures are 200-450 C. Rui, Zongyao, 1994. China K 52 30 Huanggoushan, Jilin Province 41 45 10N 41.7527777777778 126 41 05E 126.684722222222 Pb Zn Cu, Ag, Au Korean Pb-Zn massive sulfide Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Consists of layers, lenses, and veins. The main bodies are concordant to dolomite. The veins are economic and cut the bedding. The ore minerals occur in layers, masses, disseminations, breccia, and veins. The ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, argentite, arsenopyrite, gold, and electrum. Gangue minerals are calcite and quartz. Widespread alterations are fading of host rock, carbonate, talc, tremolitie, and silica alterations. The host rock is a sequence of cataclastic carbonate of the Zhenzhumen Formation of the Paleoproterozoic Laoling Group. The strata have undergone greenschist facies metamorphism with intense folding and ductile shear zones. Nearby the deposit is the Huanggoushan Au shear zone quartz vein deposit that is also mined. Deposit occurs in a similar stratum horizon to that of the superlarge massive Pb-Zn deposit in northern Korea and is similar to that deposit. Fang, Ruheng and others, 1994. China K 52 31 Nancha, Jilin Province 41 40 05N 41.6680555555556 126 20 05E 126.334722222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Consists of gold, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and minor galena, sphalerite, bornite, chalcocite and magnetite. Deposit minerals vary from disseminated, fine veined, brecciated and banded. Textures are idiomorphic, hypidiomorphic-xenomorphic and metasomatic replacement. Deposit is more than 3000 m long, strikes NW and is several hundred m wide. From the SW to NE, three zones occur. The main deposits in the first zone occur in a structurally altered zone between basal schist, quartzite and marble of the Huashan Formation and an upper, thick dolomititic marble of the Zhenzhumeng Formation. Deposits in the second and third zones occur in a structurally altered zone in thick dolomitic marble of the Zhenzhumen Formation. The zones vary from stratiform or lenticular and a single zone ranges from several tens to a hundred m long. Wide-spread carbonate and silica alteration is associated with the deposit. Other important alterations are arsenopyrite and pyrite. Deposit origin is controversial. Wang, Enyuan, 1989. China K 52 32 Qidaogou, Jilin Province 41 36 10N 41.6027777777778 126 26 15E 126.4375 Fe Pb Zn Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Not available. Jiliaojiao Consists of bedded and stratiform bodies concordant to host schist and dolomite marble. The swarm of bodies is 3-5 km long and a single body is 3-5 m thick. The deposit minerals are banded, partly massive. The deposit minerals are siderite, hematite, magnetite, quartz, dolomite, calcite and minor sulphide minerals. The host strata are metamorphosed to greenschist facies and intensely folded volcanic, sedimentary and carbonate units. Cao, Jingxian, 1993c. China K 52 33 Guojialing, Jilin Province 41 15 00N 41.25 126 17 00E 126.283333333333 Pb Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 3.34% Pb, 1.33% Zn, 0.58% Cu, 2.02g/t Au, 120 g/t Ag. Jiliaolu Consists of discontinuous veins or lenses in faults cutting a Mesozoic volcanic basin. Granite predates deposition. Subvolcanic rock includes quartz porphyry, rhyolite porphyry, diorite porphyry, quartz diorite, andesite porphyry, and dacite porphyry. The bodies are controlled by NW-trending faults. Ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite, barite, andminor flourite in the shallow part. The ore minerals occur in masses, layers, disseminations, druse, and breccia. Alterations include silica, barite, minor chlorite, carbonate, sericite, and pyrophyllite alterations. Deposit is interpreted as related to subvolcanic hydrothermal fluids. Deng Gongquan and Jia Dacheng, 1994. China K 52 4 Tadong, Jilin Province 43 50 40N 43.8444444444444 128 38 40E 128.644444444444 Fe V, Co, Y, La, Nb, P Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Average grade of 25.24% Fe, 1.72% P2O5, 0.25% V2O5, 2.74% S, 0.007% Co, 0.002-0.004% Ga. Reserves of 177 million tonnes Fe ore. Tadong Hosted in the Silurian Hongguang Formation in a well-defined horizon. The footwall and hanging wall units are diopside marble, diopside-, biotite-lepitynite and biotite-plagioclase gneiss, amphibolite, and and migmatite. Deposits occur concordant to host rock and are mainly stratiform or laminated with minor lenses. A single deposit ranges from 50 to 300 m long and 1.29 to 10.89 m thick. The deposit minerals are mainly V magnetite and Co pyrite. Also occurring are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, galena, sphalerite and skutterudite. Gangue minerals are mainly hornblende, plagioclas,e and F apatite. Minor gangue minerals are biotite, chlorite, diopside, tremolite, epidote and clinoepidote. Two main types of economic deposits occur, P and V magnetite and hematite. The main ore structure is banded. Other ore structures are veinlets and disseminations, laminations and masses. Alteration minerals are pyrite, biotite, chlorite and epidote and local actinolite and carbonate. Deposit is generally interpreted as a metamorphosed marine volcanic-sedmentary deposit; however some researchers favor an origin as a metamorphosed sedimentary deposit. Cao, Jingxian, 1993c. China K 52 5 Hongtaiping, Jilin Province 43 28 05N 43.4680555555556 129 37 10E 129.619444444444 Pb Zn Cu Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Medium Grade of 0.1-1.7% Cu, 0.1-1.4% Pb, 0.5-6.2% Zn. Yanbian Consists of three stratiform bodies that occur concordant to host rock. The uppermost body contains mainly Cu, is 150 m long, 50 m wide, and averages 3 m thick. Body is conformable to host dacite tuff and lava. The second body is 10 m below the upper body, and is 650 m long in an EW direction, 60-150 m wide in a NS direction, averages 2.16 m thick, and contains 1.26% Cu, 1.42% Pb, and 2.61% Zn. The footwall of the ore layer is marl and black slate, and the hanging wall is tuff and tuffeous sandstone, all nearly horizontal. The bodycontains mainly Zn (6.2%), is 50 m long and wide, and 1.34 m thick. Alteration is weak and alterations are sericite, chlorite, epidote, carbonate, and garnet alterations. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and magnetite, and gangue minerals are calcite, chlorite, chalcedony, quartz, sericite, and andradite. The ore minerals consist of rhythmic laminae, and are locally massive and banded. Both ore minerals and host rock are slightly metamorphosed. The host strata are marine volcaniclastic rock of the Miaoling or Kedao Formations of Early Permian age. Chemical composition of the volcanic rock is that of an alkali-calcic, andesite-dacite series, similar to those in anisland arc. Song Qun, 1991. China K 52 6 Ciweigou, Jilin Province 43 15 10N 43.2527777777778 129 58 05E 129.968055555556 Au,Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. North Jilin Occurs along the Yanshannian intra-continental volcanic basin along the southeastern Inner Mongolia-Xinganling Hercynian fold belt. The host rocks are Late Jurassic siliceous, intermediate, and mafic volcanic rock with a Rb-Sr isochron age of 147.5 Ma. The deposit is controlled by circular and radial faults around a maar volcano that occurs at the intersection between east-west-trending major faults and northwest-trending faults. The deposit occurs in veins. Wallrocks display silica, carbonate, sericite, and propylitic alterations. Depositional temperatures range from 180 to 240øC and pressures from 20 MPa to 1.48 MPa. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, sphalerite, galena, electrum, argentite, gold, calaverite, and sylvanite. Xu, Enshou and others, 1994; Rui, Zongyao, 1995. China K 52 7 Nongping, Hunchun City, Jilin Province 43 03 00 N 43.05 130 02 00 E 130.033333333333 Au Cu Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Grade of 3.65-18.86 g/t Au with average grade of 9.98 g/t Au. Average grade of 0.54% Cu. North Jilin Consists of six gold bodies and four Cu bodies that may constitute a stockwork. Length of bodies ranges from 40 to 280 m and average thickness is 1.63 m. Bodies trend NW parallel to faults and joints. Main deposit minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite; lesser deposit minerals are molybdenite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, bismuthite, and gold. Deposit is estimated to have formed at 250 to 325 C. Wallrock alteration consists of silification and sericite alteration. Deposit occurs in tonalite porphyry intruding metamorphosed Perminan sedimentary rock. K-Ar isotopic age of 120 to 157 Ma for tonalite. Liu, Yuping and Li, Chehui, 1999. China K 52 8 Slavyanovskoe 42 43 35 E 42.7263888888889 130 53 47 E 130.896388888889 As Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Small. Laoeling-Grodekov Consists of a series of NS-striking, elongate quartz veins hosted in Paleozoic (Silurian(?)) mica-graphite schist and metasandstone. Quartz veins, up to 4 to 5 m thick, extend for several hundred m. Arsenopyrite is the dominant deposit mineral and occurs both as disseminations and as lenticular accumulations in quartz. Minor galena also occurs Lenses of sphalerite also occur conformable to bedding of the metasedimentary rock. The genesis of the deposit is questionable. Vein formation is interpreted as related to Cretaceous accretion and associated metamorphism of Paleozoic island arc volcanic and associated sedimentary rock. A.F. Frizh, written commun., 1932; N.E. Gritsenko, written commun., 1958; V.V. Ratkin in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia K 52 9 Sandaogang, Jilin Province 43 07 45N 43.1291666666667 129 40 05E 129.668055555556 Cu Co, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Hongqiling Controlled by NNW-trending fault, a dike of gabbro, at plagioclase amphibole pyroxenite facies, intrudes Early Permian shale and marble and granite. Dike is 470 m long and 1-8 m wide. The bodies are veined, occuring in the contact zone of the dike in plagioclase-bearing amphibole pyroxenite and wallrock. The deposit minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and Ni-pyrite. Deposit formed during the Late Hercynian. Chen, Zhicheng, 1991. China K 53 1 Fasolnoe 43 34 30N 43.575 134 42 08E 134.702222222222 Pb, Zn Sn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Grade of 0.1-30.0% Pb, 0.01-0.3% Sn, 0.1% Zn. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of small en-echelon veins in a NW-striking zone in a sequence of Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) felsic volcanic rock. Ore minerals are magnetite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite, valleriite, and cubanite. Host volcanic rock is intensely altered to chlorite with local garnet. Magnetite and cassiterite are closely associated with chlorite alteration. Radkevich and others, 1960. Russia K 53 10 Krinichnoe 42 53 55N 42.8986111111111 132 28 45E 132.479166666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Contains up to 2.8 g/t Au and up to 171 g/t Ag. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of gold-pyrite-quartz and quartz-carbonate zones in a Late Cretaceous granitic pluton that intrudes metamorphosed Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock. Sulfide-poor gold-pyrite-quartz occurs in bodies of variable shape and size. S.M. Rodionov, written commun., 1991. Russia K 53 11 Askold 42 43 34 N 42.7261111111111 132 20 02 E 132.333888888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Average grade of 5.9-7.6 g/t Au. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of a Au-quartz vein stockwork in a Mesozoic granite that is altered to greisen and that intrudes Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock. A K-Ar muscovite age for alteration associated with the vein is 83.2 Ma. The deposit is prospected to depths of more than 100 m. M.I. Efimova and others, written commun., 1971; Efimova and others, 1978. Russia K 53 2 Shcherbakovskoe 43 35 04N 43.5844444444444 134 28 24E 134.473333333333 Pb, Zn Sn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grade of 3-5% Pb, 1-4% Sn, 2-9% Zn. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of NE-trending, steeply-dipping, elongate (up to 300 m) veins, from 0.1 to 1.5 m thick that occur in Early Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone. Major deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, pyrite and marcasite. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Galena-sphalerite-pyrrhotite aggregates dominate and commonly occur along schistosity with pyrrhotite and sphalerite boudins coated by lenticular galena envelopes. Fractured sulfides are filled with sulfide-carbonate cement that contains jamesonite and secondary galena and sphalerite. Greisen cassiterite-bearing topaz-fluorite-mica veinlets cut sulfides. No definite relationships between deposition and granitic intrusions occurs. Deposit includes small bodies of pre-deposit gabbro and felsic, and andesite dikes that are genetically related to Late Cretaceous volcanic rock that surround the deposit. Radkevich and others, 1960. Russia K 53 3 Nizhnee 43 36 31N 43.6086111111111 134 14 48E 134.246666666667 Sn, Pb, Zn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Grade of 0.002-0.02% Pb, 0.33-1.53% Sn, 2.0% Zn. Mined in 1970's. Luzhkinsky Consists of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Fe sulfides, and cassiterite that occur in the central parts of altered zones that contain tourmaline-chlorite-quartz and tourmaline-chlorite-quartz-hydrosericite alteration. Altered zones occur in fracture zones that are located along the margin of a caldera formed of intermediate composition, Late Cretaceous volcanic and interlayered volcanic-sedimentary rock that exhibit intense propylitic and biotite alteration. Petrachenko, 1974. Russia K 53 4 Soyuz 43 24 59N 43.4163888888889 134 20 09E 134.335833333333 Ag, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 1.27 g/t Au, 127.9 g/t Ag. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of veins, veinlet zones and adularia-quartz, quartz and mica-quartz bodies with sulfides and sulfosalts. Gold occurs in a quartz-adularia-argentite-sulfosalt assemblage. Quartz-sulfide veinlets lack gold. Deposit is hosted by argillic-altered calc-alkalic, Late Cretaceous (88-65 Ma) rhyolite and related tuff. Bodies occur along faults. No relationship with intrusive rock occurs. E.D. Petrachenko, written commun., 1975. Russia K 53 5 Skalistoe 43 36 00N 43.6 133 44 56E 133.748888888889 Mo W Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Grade of 0.02-0.2% Mo, 0.15-2.8% W2O3. Samarka Consists of molybdenite, pyrite and wolframite that occur as thin veinlets and small masses in lenticular quartz and quartz-sericite zones up to 10 m thick. Local chlorite-sericite alternation and some garnet-amphibole skarn. Bodies extend to a depth of 100 m. Deposit is hosted along contact of a hypabyssal stock of Paleogene granite porphyry and occurs both in and outside the pluton, between the country-rock and a miarolitic phase of the granite. Granite porphyry intrudes Jurassic turbidite deposits. Pokalov, 1972. Russia K 53 6 Benevskoe 43 05 48 N 43.0966666666667 133 42 30 E 133.708333333333 W WñMoñBe skarn Small Grade of 0.44-3.15% W2O3. Benev Consists of two zones containing skarn and hydrothermal alteration that contain approximately 30 ore bodies ranging from a few m to 200 m long and from 0.6 to 6 m thick. Deposit occurs along the margin of an Early Cretaceous biotite, peraluminous granite that intrudes an olistolith composed of Permian shale and interbedded limestone. The skarn occurs in metasomatized limestone. Various mineral assemblages are magnetite, garnet, pyroxene-gamet, garnet-epidote, and garnet-orthoclase. Late-stage quartz-feldspar and quartz-amphibole overgrowths replace the skarn and locally contains disseminated scheelite. Late-stage quartz-sericite and zeolite alterations also occur. The major ore minerals are scheelite with minor magnetite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and rare cassiterite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, amphibole, epidote, biotite, and tourmaline. Easily concentrated apatite also occurs. V.D. Shlemchenko and others, written commun., 1983. Russia K 53 7 Porozhistoe 42 54 22N 42.9061111111111 133 27 47E 133.463055555556 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 5.39 g/t Au. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of sulfide-poor gold disseminations and veins in cataclastic and schistose zones that occur in metamorphosed gabbros of the Cambrian Sergeevka Complex. Main sulfides are pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, biotite, sericite, chlorite and carbonate minerals. Gold occurs as disseminations in chlorite-bearing gabbros and also as thin veins and veinlet networks. Deposit is associated with Late Cretaceous granitic plutons in the area. I.I. Fatianov and others, written commun., 1988. Russia K 53 8 Balykovskoe 42 57 37 N 42.9602777777778 132 57 18 E 132.955 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of: (1) Ore-bearing thrust zones with gold-pyrite-quartz veins; and (2) quartz veins with galena, sphalerite, and silver. Deposit formed in two stages. Deposit occurs in Late Cretaceous granite that surrounds and intrudes early Cambrian gabbroic rocks of the Sergeevka Complex with a U-Pb age of 527 Ma (John N. Aleinikoff, written commun., 1985). Fineness of gold is 600. E.D. Petrachenko, this study. Russia K 53 9 Progress 42 52 18N 42.8716666666667 132 49 46E 132.829444444444 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Average grade of 5.89 g/t Au. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of sulfide-poor veins and small veinlets that contain pyrite, arsenopyrite, quartz and Au. In addition the deposit contains low-grade fracture zones, mylonite zones and zones of metasomatically altered carbonate and chlorite-sericite rock. Deposit occurs in, or near a Late Cretaceous granitoid pluton and dikes that intrude Cambrian granitic and gabbro rock of Sergeevka Complex. Deposit is also the source for local placer Au mines. A.N. Rodionov, written commun., 1991. Russia K 54 1 Kitami 43 57 17N 43.9547222222222 143 24 15E 143.404166666667 Cu, Pb, Zn Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 0.45% Cu, 2.41% Pb, 3.08% Zn. Production of 4,500 tonnes Cu, 7,800 tonnes Pb, 9,000 tonnes Zn, 21 tonnes Ag (from 1934-1966). Northeast Hokkaido Consists of EW-striking sulfide-rich veins. Eleven main veins occur and the veins occur in a area 3 km by 3 km. Average thickness of veins varies from 0.2 to 1.0 m. Length of veins varies from 100 m to 900 m. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite. Minor deposit minerals are cubanite, bismuthinite, enargite, tetrahedrite and marcasite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, sericite and calcite. Veins occur in Cretaceous Hidaka Group sedimentary rock, mainly black shale and sandstone. Veins are formed by Miocene igeous activity. K-Ar isotopic age of illite related to the deposit is 11.1+0.4 Ma. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Ishihara, 1998. Japan K 54 10 Oe 43 08 36N 43.1433333333333 140 40 52E 140.681111111111 Mn Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn Mn vein Medium Average grade of 2.6 g/t Au, 13.6 g/t Ag. Production of 267,275 tonnes Mn. Northeast Japan Consists of NW-striking rhodochrosite veins. Veins have maximum thickness of 19 m and about 1200 m long. Main deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, rhodonite, alabandite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, native gold, pyrargyrite and pyrrhotite. Gangue minerals are quartz and barite. Wallrock exhibit albite, quartz, chlorite, sericite and kaolinite alteration. Deposit occurs in Miocene green tuff and tuff breccia. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite in the vein is 3.4 +/-0.3 Ma. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite from hydrothermally alterd rock is also 3.35 +/-0.10 Ma. Saito and others, 1967; Tsukada and Uno, 1980; Maeda, 1988; Sawai and Itaya, 1996. Japan K 54 11 Inakuraishi 43 09 46N 43.1627777777778 140 37 04E 140.617777777778 Mn Cu, Au, Ag Mn vein Medium Average grade of 29% Mn. Production of 753,073 tonnes Mn concentrate. Northeast Japan Consists of NW-striking rhodochrosite veins that have a maximum thickness of 1.5 m, and are about 800 m long. Main ore minerals are rhodochrosite, alabandite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, stibnite, pyrargyrite, and pyrrhotite. Rare Bi minerals, gustavite and bismuthinite, occur in the vein. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, calcite, and kaolinite. Wallrocks are altered to quartz, sericite, and pyrite. Kaolinite alteration zone occurb locally. Deposit occurs in altered Miocene andesite. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite from hydrothermally-alterd rock is 3.14 +/-0.10 Ma. Saito and others 1967; Maeda and Ito, 1989; Sawai and Itaya, 1996. Japan K 54 12 Toyoha 42 58 41N 42.9780555555556 141 02 30E 141.041666666667 Zn, Pb, Ag In Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 9.6% Zn, 3.4% Pb, 179 g/t Ag. Production of 12,000,000 tonnes ore with 1,400 tonnes Ag, 300,000 tonnes Pb, 780,000 tonnes Zn. Reserves of 13,000,000 tonnes ore grading 7.0% Zn, 2.1% Pb, 124g/t Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of EW and NW-striking veins. About 50 veins occur in the area 2 km EW by 3 km NS. Veins have maximum thickness of 4 m and about 1300 m long. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite and rhodochrosite. Minor deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, hematite, pyrrhotite, stibnite and marcasite. Indium minerals occur. Gangue minerals are quartz and small amounts of chlorite and calcite. Wallrock altered to quartz, chlorite and sericite. Deposit is one of the largest mine in Japan. Deposit occurs in Miocene pyroclastic rock. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite in the vein is 2.2 Ma. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Kuwahara and others, 1983; Kato and others, 1990. Japan K 54 13 Todoroki 43 00 39N 43.0108333333333 140 53 50E 140.897222222222 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 5 g/t Au, 180 g/t Ag. Production of 4 tonnes Au, 130 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of NE and EW-striking quartz veins. Veins have maximum thickness of 4 m and are about 980 m long. Main deposit minerals are native gold, argentite, rhodochrosite, Mn oxides. Minor deposit minerals are pyrargyrite, chlorargyrite, rhodonite, galena, sphalerite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, calcite. Wallrock show strong silica alteration. Deposit occurs in altered Miocene andesite and siliceous tuff. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite in the vein is 2.1-3.1 Ma Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990; Sawai and others, 1992. Japan K 54 14 Kunitomi 42 59 38N 42.9938888888889 140 39 59E 140.666388888889 Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 1.47% Zn, 0.38% Cu, 0.03% Pb, 18 g/t Ag. Production of 1,000,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of five massive sulfide bodies. The bodies are about 250 m long and 10 m thick. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, barite and gypsum. Upper part of deposit is rich in sphalerite and galena and lower part is rich in chalcopyrite and pyrite. Silicious ore occurs under the chalcopyrite and pyrite. Deposit occurs in Miocene rhyolite and rhyolite pyroclastic rock. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite is 13-13.2 Ma. Deposit discovered in 1880. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Saito and others 1967; Sawai and Itaya, 1993. Japan K 54 15 Kucchan 42 52 40N 42.8777777777778 140 58 27E 140.974166666667 Fe Chemical-sedimentary Fe-Mn Small Grade of 52-56% Fe. Production of more than 4,800,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of three stratiform bodies. Deposit formed by chemical precipitation. Bodies are about 1,200 m long, 200 m wide and 10 m thick. Main deposit mineral is limonite. Pyrite-rich part may occur. Deposit occurs in Pleistocene Rusutsu formation. Deposit was discovered in 1888. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Doi and Hasegawa, 1956; Saito and others 1967. Japan K 54 16 Chitose 42 44 16N 42.7377777777778 141 12 43E 141.211944444444 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 13 g/t Au, 105 g/t Ag. Production of 22.8 tonnes Au, 105 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of east-west, northeast, and northwest striking quartz veins. About 45 veins are present in the area 5km east-west by 2km north-south. Major vein has average thickness of 0.8m and about 700m long. Main ore minerals are electrum, argentite, pyrargyrite, pyroustite, miargyrite, and hessite. Minor ore minerals are petzite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, stibnite, and pyrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and small amounts of chlorite, sericite, and adularia. Alteration zone in the wall rocks contains quartz, chlorite, and sericite. Deposit occurs in Miocene andesitic pyroclastic rocks. K-Ar ages of sericite are 3.4-3.5Ma. Deposit found in 1933. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Kato and others, 1990; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990; Sawai and others, 1992. Japan K 54 17 Minamishiraoi 42 36 59N 42.6163888888889 141 15 58E 141.266111111111 Ba Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Production of 210,000 tonnes BaSO4. Northeast Japan Body has a mashroom form with a diameter of 150 m at top. High grade deposit is several tens cm to several m thick and occurs only at the top of the body. The greater part of the body consists of barite-bearing silica-altered breccia. Thick kaolinite-altered zone occurs at the footwall side. The body occurs in the tuff and tuff breccia. The age of the volcanic rock is Miocene. Deposit mineral is barite. Barite part of deposit commonly contains sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite. Quartz, calcite, montmorillonite and sericite occur. The fine veins containing chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and pyrite are occasionally found in the silica-altered breccia zone. K-Ar isotopic ages of sericite range from 11.6 to 12.5 Ma. Deposits formed in Miocene. The ages are similar age to typical age of the Kuroko deposits (12-15 Ma) in Japan. Deposit was discovered in 1950. Igarashi and others 1974; Marumo and others, 1985; Marumo and Sawai, 1986; Yoneda, 1987. Japan K 54 18 Tokushunbetsu 42 37 24N 42.6233333333333 141 10 00E 141.166666666667 Fe Limonite from spring water Small Average grade of 48% Fe. Production of 1,420,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of a stratiform body. Deposit formed by chemical precipitation from mineral spring. Body is about 1,000 m long, 100 m wide and 12-20 m thick. Grade is high at the central part of the body with compact deposit minerals. The marginal zone is lower grade and diffuse. Deposit mineral is limonite. Deposit occurs in terrace deposits. Basement of terrace is andesite. Deposit formed in Quarternary. Deposit was discovered in 1916. Ota, 1965; Saito and others, 1967. Japan K 54 19 Suttsu 42 47 35N 42.7930555555556 140 13 10E 140.219444444444 Zn, Pb Ag, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 6.70% Zn, 3.79% Pb, 28.3% S. Production of 196,100 tonnes ore with 39kg Au, 9.65 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking sulfide veins. The vein has maximum thickness of 8 m and about 350 m long. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Minor deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, luzonite, cassiterite, stannite and stibnite. Sn minerals are characteristically present. Deposit occurs in Miocene pyroclastic rock and altered andesite. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite in the vein is 4.8 Ma. Mining started in 1923. Pyrite was also a product of the mine at the early stage. Saito and others 1967; Watanabe, 1995. Japan K 54 2 Tokoro 43 48 15N 43.8041666666667 143 37 35E 143.626388888889 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Average grade of 0.18% Hg. Production of 40 tonnes Hg (from 1951-1963). Northeast Hokkaido Consists of disseminations and veins along shear zones. Four main bodies occur. Typical body has average thickness of 1 m and length of 100 m. Main deposit mineral is native Hg and cinnabar. Guange minerals are quartz, adularia, zeolite and calcite. Deposit occur in Cretaceous Yubetu Group sedimentary rock, mainly black shale and sandstone and mafic tuff of the Nikkoro Group of Tokoro belt. K-Ar isotopic age of adularia and quartz mixture from vein is 4.51+/-0.62 Ma, indicating Pliocene deposit formation. Saito and others, 1967; Maeda, 1997. Japan K 54 20 Horobetsu 42 31 28N 42.5244444444444 141 01 18E 141.021666666667 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 39.7% S. Production of 1,571,000 tonnes ore. Northeast Japan Consists of three connected bodies that are about 300 m long, 150 m wide, and 10-20 m thick. The host rock is Pliocene andesite lava. The ore minerals are native sulfur and pyrite. One body is consists of pyrite that occurs above the sulfur body. Deposit is surrounded by alteration zones, including opal, allunite, and kaolinite alterations. Deposit was discovered in 1902. Ota, 1954; Saito and others, 1967. Japan K 54 21 Shizukari 42 35 39N 42.5941666666667 140 27 26E 140.457222222222 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 5-15 g/t Au. Production of 7 tonnes Au, 33 tonnes Ag (from 1919-1943). Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking quartz veins. About 45 veins occur in the area 5 km EW by 2 km NS. Major veins have average thickness of 3 m and about 1,000 m long. Main deposit minerals are native gold, argentite, pyrargyrite, chlorargyrite, rhodochrosite, polybasite, todorokite, birnessite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and tetrahedrite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz with calcite. Deposit occurs in Miocene tuff breccia and altered andesite. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite is 2.4 Ma. Deposit discovered in 1909. Mining started in 1918. Mining stopped in 1943. Saito and others, 1967; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990; Watanabe, 1991. Japan K 54 22 Pirika 42 29 27N 42.4908333333333 140 08 30E 140.141666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Production of 44,000 tonnes Mn. Northeast Japan Consists of three main stratiform Mn bodies. Footwall is middle Miocene basalt pyroclastic rock or Cretaceous granite. Hanging wall is middle to late Miocene mudsone. Precipitation of Mn ore occurred during Miocene. Main deposit minerals are pyrolusite and manganite. Deposit was discovered in 1882. Doi, 1958; Saito and others 1967. Japan K 54 23 Shojingawa 41 57 43N 41.9619444444444 140 46 42E 140.778333333333 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 34.5% S. Production of 470,000 tonnes ore, including 162,000 tonnes S (from 1942-1958). Northeast Japan Consists of a elongated massive body, 300 m long, 50 m wide, 50 m thick. Hanging wall of the body is alunite altered andesite with pyrite. Foot wall is pyrite-bearing kaolinite zone. Host rock is Miocene-Pliocene andesite tuff. Deposit minerals are sulfur, pyrite, marcasite. Deposit was initially mined for limonite, but sulfur deposit was discovered under the limonite deposit. Subsequently pyrite deposit was discovered 150 m S of the deposit. Mine closed in 1959. Saito and others, 1967; Suzuki and others, 1969. Japan K 54 24 Yakumo 42 10 06N 42.1683333333333 140 08 46E 140.146111111111 Mn, Zn, Pb Ag, Au Mn vein Medium Average grade of 24% Mn, 8% Pb, 17% Zn, 500 g/t Ag. Production of 341,000 tonnes Mn (grading 21%Mn), 322,000 tonnes Pb (grading 1.6% Pb), 356,600 tonnes Zn (grading 3.3%Zn). Northeast Japan Consists of EW-striking rhodochrosite-sulfide veins. Main deposit minerals are rhodochrosite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, stibnite, barite and pyrargyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Deposit occurs in Miocene mudstone and altered andesite. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite in the vein is 1.3 Ma. Manganese mining started in 1916. Mining of Au, Ag, Pb started before Mn mining. Saito and others 1967; Watanabe, 1991. Japan K 54 25 Kinjo 41 52 17N 41.8713888888889 140 53 45E 140.895833333333 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 53.79% MnO2. Production of 2,289 tonnes MnO2 (from 1953-1955), 4,699 tonnes Mn (from 1955-1958). Northeast Japan Consists of a horizontal stratiform body. Maximum thickness is 3 m. Deposit extends 120 m NS and 100 m EW. The body occurs between a lower greenish Miocene tuff breccia and an upper hornblende dacite and mudstone. Mn minerals were deposited in the Miocene. The deposit minerals are psilomelane and pyrolusite. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Deposit was discovered in 1952. The mine closed in 1961. Saito and others, 1967; Suzuki and others, 1969. Japan K 54 26 Okushiri 42 1 150N 42.0305555555556 139 26 30E 139.441666666667 S Sulfur-sulfide (S, FeS2) Small Average grade of 68.3% S. Production of 150,000 tonnes S. Northeast Japan Deposit occur in Pleistocene tuff breccia, tuffceous sandstone. Precipitation sulfur. Replacement type of sulfur is also known in a alteration zone of Kaolinite, Opal and alunite. Deposit was discovered in 1908. Saito and others, 1967; Hata and others, 1982. Japan K 54 27 Jokoku 41 39 56N 41.6655555555556 140 03 09E 140.0525 Mn Zn, Pb, Ag Mn vein Medium Average grade of 24.9% Mn. Production of 1,310,000 tonnes ore, 100 tonnes Ag, 17,000 tonnes Zn. Northeast Japan Consists of NW striking rhodochrosite veins. Main vein is 1,000 m long with an average thickness of 2.5 m. Main ore minerals are rhodochrosite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and marcasite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, and sericite. Minor magnetite skarn also occurs. Deposit occurs in Miocene rhyolite. K-Ar isotopic age of sericite in vein is 5.2 Ma. Mn mining started in 1939. Mining of Au, Ag and Pb started before Mn mining. Saito and others, 1967; Ishiyama and others, 1989; Watanabe, 1991. Japan K 54 28 Imai-Ishizaki 41 38 34N 41.6427777777778 140 02 56E 140.048888888889 Mn Pb Mn vein Medium Average grade of 63% MnO2. Production of 235,000 tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of EW and NW striking rhodochrosite veins. Main vein is 400 m long with an average thickness of 2 m. Main ore minerals are rhodochrosite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and marcasite. Gangue mineral is quartz. Deposit occurs in Jurassic slate and diabase. Vein is hosed in Miocene units similar to those in the Jokoku deposit. Saito and others, 1967; Ishiyama and others, 1987. Japan K 54 29 Abeshiro 41 15 47N 41.2630555555556 140 59 57E 140.999166666667 Cu Ag Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 3% Cu. Produced 25,000 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of five elongated massive ore bodies. Main ore body is 150m long, 100m wide, and 20m thick. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and barite. Minor ore minerals are bornite and energite. Deposit occurs in Miocene rhyolitic tuff and tuff breccia. Initial mining started in 1889. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965. Japan K 54 3 Itomuka 43 40 28N 43.6744444444444 143 09 38E 143.160555555556 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg Medium Average grade of 0.35% Hg. Production of 3,300 tonnes Hg. Northeast Hokkaido Consists of disseminations and veins that form bodies along faults. The bodies occur in an area 3 km EW by 1.5 km NS. A typical body has an average thickness of 6 m and length of 140 m. The main ore minerals are native Hg and cinnabar. Quartz, calcite, pyrite, and marcasite also occur. Deposit is hosted in altered Miocene andesite. Miocene rhyolite occurs near the deposit and is part of host rock sequence. Deposit was discovered in 1936 and was largest Hg mine in Japan. Saito and others, 1967; Kishimoto, 1975. Japan K 54 30 Kamikita 40 43 50N 40.7305555555556 140 57 40E 140.961111111111 Cu, Zn Pyrite, Ag, Au, Ba Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 8.1% Cu, 103 g/t Ag, 1 g/t Au. Production of 38,300 tonnes Cu, 15,200 tonnes Zn, 829,000 tonnes S. Northeast Japan Consists of five bodies. Main body is 500 m long, 400 m wide, with average 3 m thick. Maximum thickness reachs to 30 m. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Minor minerals are quartz, barite, and gypsum. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite, rhyolite tuff, and mudstone. K-Ar isotopic ages of illite-altered dacite and interstratified illite-smectite clay from the altered and related Kuroko formation are 10.2 +/-0.7 and 11.5 +/-2.6 Ma, respectively. Wallrocks are altered to pyrophyllite, kaolinite, diaspore, sudoite, tosudite, and rectrorite. The alteration is interpreted as superimposed after Kuroko formation. K-Ar isotopic ages of illite dacite containing sudoite is 6.1 +/-0.4 Ma, and is age of superimposed alteration. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Lee and others, 1974; Inoue and Utada, 1991. Japan K 54 31 Kunohe district 40 18 52N 40.3144444444444 141 32 13E 141.536944444444 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 30-50% Mn. North Kitakami Consists of a large number of bodies in N Kitakami mountains. District is also classified as Hatinohe and Kuzi district. Bodies occur in Jurassic chert and slate. Typical size of bodies are 50-200 m long and 0.5-2 m thick. Several thousands tonnes of Mn are mined at each deposit. Deposit minerals are Mn oxide, rhodonite and brounite. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan K 54 32 Nodatamagawa 40 04 54N 40.0816666666667 141 49 26E 141.823888888889 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Medium Grade of 30-35% Mn. Production of 311,600 tonnes Mn (from 1935-1966). North Kitakami Consists of three major stratiform bodies hosted in Jurassic chert. The bodies are stratiform or lenticular and are controlled by folding in the host chert. Cretaceous granite occurs near and contact metamorphose the deposit with formation of biotite and cordierite in the slate around the deposit. The bodies range up to 600 m long and 1 m thick. The deposit minerals are rhodonite, tephroite, pyrochroite, hausmannite, rhodochrosite and brounite. Gangue mineral is quartz. Deposit is typically zoned with a central pyrochroite-haumannite, medial tephroite and the outermost rhodonite that is adjacent to wallrock chert. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Hayashi and Ohmoto, 1996. Japan K 54 33 Funauchi 40 31 32N 40.5255555555556 140 20 36E 140.343333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 5.4% Zn, 1.6% Pb, 0.4% Cu. Production of 193,000 tonnes ore, 23,000 tonnes Zn, 10,000 tonnes Pb, 400 tonnes Cu. Northeast Japan Consists of NE striking sulfide veins. Main vein is 500 m long with average thickness of 1.2 m. Veins are distributed in area 1.5 km by 1 km. Main ore minerals are sphalerite and galena. Minor ore minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, barite, and chlorite. Deposit occurs in Miocene rhyolite, andesite and pyroclastic rock. Mine closed in 1962. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan K 54 34 Furutobe 40 23 58N 40.3994444444444 140 42 07E 140.701944444444 Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 2.1% Cu, 2.3% Zn, 0.8% Pb, 51 g/t Ag, 1.3g/t Au, Reserves of 4 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of five bodies. Main body is 300 m long and 100 m wide and averages 50 m thick. Each body has a siliceous zone and stratiform Kuroko zone. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and bornite. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite and rhyolite tuff. Deposit was discovered in 1959. Mine closed in 1986. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Tanaka and others, 1974; Kuroda, 1983; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 35 Ainai 40 23 29N 40.3913888888889 140 43 12E 140.72 Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 4.73% Zn, 2.3% Cu, 1.62% Pb, 106 g/t Ag, 2.9 g/t Au. Reserves of 3 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of six ore bodies. Main ore body is 200m long, 150m wide, with average 50m thick. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, energite, and calcocite. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Host rocks are Miocene rhyolite and rhyolitic tuff. Deposit was found in 1861. Mine closed in 1975. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Ishikawa and Yanagisawa, 1974; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 36 Kosaka 40 20 46N 40.3461111111111 140 45 56E 140.765555555556 Zn, Pb, Cu Au, Ag Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 8.48% Zn, 2.84% Pb, 2.59% Cu, 1.15 g/t Au, 184.7 g/t Ag. Production of 510,000 tonnes Cu, 520,000 tonnes Zn, 150,000 tonnes Pb. Reserves of 30 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of three main bodies, Motoyama, Uchinotai and Uwamuki. The Motoyama body is 600 m long, 250 m wide and 30 m thick. The Uchinotai body is 700 m long, 400 m wide and 20 m thick. The kuroko deposit is divided into three type of deposit, kuroko (narrow definition), yellow and siliceous ores. The main deposit minerals of the kuroko are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite and tennantite. The main deposit minerals of the yellow and siliceous ores are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, bornite, chalcocite and covellite. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Barite is enriched at the top of kuroko deposit. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite and rhyolite tuff. The Motoyama body was discovered in 1861. The Uchinotai body was discovered 1959. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Oshima and others, 1974; Hashiguchi, 1983; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 37 Oppu 40 28 10N 40.4694444444444 140 17 10E 140.286111111111 Zn, Pb, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 4.0% Zn, 2.0% Pb, 0.75% Cu. Production of 133,000 tonnes Zn, 56,000 tonnes Pb, 21,000 tonnes Cu, 1,480,000 tonnes ore (from 1956-1965). Northeast Japan Consists of EW and NE-striking sulfide veins. Main vein is 1,500 m long with average thickness of 1 m. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and galena. Minor deposit minerals are tetrahedrite, bornite, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, hematite, marcasite and native gold. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, rhodochrosite and chlorite. Host rock is Miocene andesite. Wallrock show sericite and kaolinite alteration and silica alteration. Deposit formed with relation to the activity of Miocene rhyolite present near the deposit. Deposit found in 808. Main minig activity was at around 1600. Geological Survey of Japan, 1956; Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan K 54 38 Fujikura 40 05 09N 40.0858333333333 141 21 51E 141.364166666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 25-45% Mn. Production 36,000 tonnes of ore from 1943 to 1968. North Kitakami Consists of three major stratiform bodies in North Kitakami Mountains. Bodies occur in Jurassic chert, slate, and sandstone. Foot wall is basalt pyroclastic rock. Typical size of bodies is 70 m long and 4 m thick. Ore minerals are rhodochrosite, rhodonite, and tephroite. Deposit was discovered in 1935. Geological Survey of Japan, 1954; Nambu and others, 1969; Yoshimura, 1969. Japan K 54 39 Hanaoka-Fukasawa 40 17 10N 40.2861111111111 140 40 10E 140.669444444444 Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 15% Zn, 3.3% Pb, 1.1% Cu, 0.6 g/t Au, 93 g/t Ag. Production of 360,000 tonnes Zn, 40,000 tonnes Cu, 76,000 tonnes Pb. Reserves of 5 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of three main bodies, Kanayamazawa, Manjakuzawa, and Tsunokakezawa yothat occur in an area that is 1.5 km long in NW-SE by 0.8 km NE-SW. The Tsunokakezawa body is 600 m long, 350 m wide, and 8 m thick. Bodies typically exhibit vertical zoning, siliceous ore, gypsum ore, yellow ore, black ore, barite ore, and ferruginous chert, from bottom to top. Main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Deposit is underlain by dacite tuff breccia and overlain by basalt lava or siliceous tuff. Deposit was discovered in 1969. Tanimura and others, 1974; Tanimura and others, 1983; Nakajima, 1989; Ishizuka and Imai, 1998. Japan K 54 4 Nitto 42 44 40N 42.7444444444444 142 20 10E 142.336111111111 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Ranging up to more than 50% Cr2O3. Production of 53,000 tonnes (from 1917-1959). Kamuikotan Occurs in serpentinite of the Kamuikotan ohiolite belt that contains 30 bodies in an area 500 m long and 100 m wide. Eleven bodies more than 3,000 tonnes ore. Mine contains massive chromitite with minor porphyritic chromite. Minor uvarovite and clinochlore also occur. Mining started in 1917 and ended in 1959. Saito and others, 1967. Japan K 54 40 Shakanai 40 19 00N 40.3166666666667 140 33 22E 140.556111111111 Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 3.3% Zn, 2.15% Cu, 0.9% Pb, 0.35 g/t Au, 77 g/t Ag. Production of 320,000 tonnes Zn, 130,000 tonnes Cu, 670,000 tonnes Pb. Reserves of 30 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of eleven main bodies. The bodies are located in area of 4 km long, 2 km wide, with typical depth of 200 m. Main deposit minerals of the kuroko (black ore) are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite and tennantite. Main deposit minerals of the yellow and siliceous ores are pyrite, chalcopyrite and small amont of sphalerite and galena. Siliceous and gypsum ore occurs below the unite of black ore and yellow ore. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite, rhyolite tuff and mudstone. Matsuki, Takadate, Takadate South deposits occur several hundred m W of the Shakanai deposit. Deposit was discovered in 1961. Mine closed in 1987. Ohtagaki and others, 1974a; Tanimura and others 1983; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 41 Hanaoka 40 19 09N 40.3191666666667 140 32 43E 140.545277777778 Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 3.3% Zn, 2.15% Cu, 0.9% Pb, 0.35 g/t Au, 77 g/t Ag. Reserves of 30 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of eight main bodies. The main body, the Doyashiki body, is 270 m long, 200 m wide, and 100 m thick. Main ore minerals in kuroko (black ore) are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite. Main ore minerals of the yellow and siliceous ores are pyrite and chalcopyrite. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite, rhyolite tuff and mudstone. The body was discovered in 1868. Mine closed in 1972. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Takahashi and Suga, 1974; Tanimura and others, 1983; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 42 Daira 40 23 24N 40.39 140 19 18E 140.321666666667 Zn, Pb, Cu Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 4.41% Zn, 1.85% Pb, 0.22% Cu, 48 g/t Ag. Production of 16,000 tonnes Zn, 8,800 tonnes Pb, 8,500 tonnes Cu, 13 tonnes Ag. Northeast Japan Consists of east-west striking quartz veins. Main vein is 500m long with average thickness of 0.2m. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, cubanite and pyrrhotite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, and rhodochrosite. Host rock is Miocene andesitic tuff. Wall rocks show quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration within 1m from the vein. Deposit formed with relation to the activity of Miocene rhyolite present near the deposit. Deposit found in 806 or 1265. Main minig activity was at around 1800. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan K 54 43 Hanaoka-Matsumine 40 18 24N 40.3066666666667 140 33 31E 140.558611111111 Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 3.6% Zn, 2.39% Cu, 1.0% Pb, 0.5 g/t Au, 57 g/t Ag. Production of 440,000 tonnes Zn, 270,000 tonnes Cu, 80,000 tonnes Pb. Reserves of 30 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of five main bodies. Deposit is 800 m long, 600 m wide, and average thickness is 23 m. Hanaoka-Matsumine deposit occurs NW of the Shakanai deposit. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and tetrahedrite. Minor minerals are quartz and barite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite, rhyolite tuff, and mudstone. Deposit was discovered in 1963. Ito and others, 1974; Tanimura and others, 1983; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 44 Hanawa 40 10 48N 40.18 140 52 21E 140.8725 Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 3.18% Zn, 1.08% Cu, 0.78% Pb, 0.25 g/t Au, 41 g/t Ag. Reserves of 35 million tonnes. Northeast Japan Consists of eleven main bodies. Most of bodies of the deposit are either lenticular or massive with typical diameter of 100 m. Main ore minerals of the kuroko (black ore) are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, gypsum, tetrahedrite, and tennantite. Minor minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, montmorillonite, and barite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite and rhyolite tuff. Mine closed in 1986.. Ohtagaki and others, 1974b; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 45 Hassei 40 25 16N 40.4211111111111 140 03 45E 140.0625 Zn, Ag Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Average grade of 780 g/t Ag, 7.34% Zn. Northeast Japan Consists of several bodies. Main body is 90 m long and 45 m wide. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, miargyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, and tetrahedrite. Minor minerals are quartz, barite, and marcasite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite and shale. Geological Survey of Japan, 1955; MITI, 1971 Japan K 54 46 Osarizawa 40 10 51N 40.1808333333333 140 44 50E 140.747222222222 Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 1.0% Cu, 0.1-0.4% Pb, 0.1% Zn. Production of 310,000 tonnes Cu, 3,000 tonnes Pb, 11,000 tonnes Zn (from 1900-1978). Northeast Japan Consists of NE-striking veins. Veins are 800 m long with average thickness of 1 m. Eighteen vein systems comprise the deposit, in an area 2.5 km by 1.5 km. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Minor minerals are hematite, marcasite, rhodochrosite, native copper, native gold. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, barite and calcite. Host rock is Miocene rhyolite, altered andesite, black mudstone and tuff. Wallrock show silica alteration and quartz-chlorite alteration. Deposit formed with relation to the activity of Miocene rhyolite. Deposit found in 708 or 1596. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Nakajima, 1989. Japan K 54 47 Tatemata 40 08 25N 40.1402777777778 140 34 00E 140.566666666667 Cu, Zn, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.3% Cu, 1.7% Zn. Production of 13,500 tonnes Cu, 16,000 tonnes Zn, 2,300 tonnes Pb. Northeast Japan Consists of NE and NS-striking veins. Main Vein is 1,100 m long with average thickness of 1.2 m. Ten vein systems occur, in the area 2 km by 2 km. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and magnetite. Minor minerals are hematite, arsenopyrite, stannite, molybdenite, cubanite and tetrahedrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, sericite and calcite. Host rock is Miocene altered andesite and siliceous tuff. Wallrock show quartz-chlorite and chlorite-calcite alteration in 30 m from the veins. Deposit formed with relation to the activity of Miocene siliceous igneous rock. Deposit discovered in 1736. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968. Japan K 54 5 Ganbi 42 57 09N 42.9525 142 20 00E 142.333333333333 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Average grade of 49% Cr2O3. Production of 14,000 tonnes. Kamuikotan Consists of podiform chromite body, 20 m long by 35 m long downdip. Thickness of the body is about 15 m. Body strikes 40o E. Wallrock is serpentinite of the Kamuikotan ophiolite belt. Mined from 1942. Banba, 1957; Saito and others, 1967. Japan K 54 6 Hatta 42 43 49N 42.7302777777778 142 17 23E 142.289722222222 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Grade of 41.1-43.9% Cr2O3. Production of 150,000 tonnes from 1927 to 1943. Kamuikotan Consists of a large podiform chromite body in an area 200 m EW by 100 m NS. Ore mineral is chromite. Host rock is shistose and massive serpentinite of the Kamuikotan ophiolite belt. Deposit was discovered in 1927. Banba, 1957. Japan K 54 7 Teine 43 05 36N 43.0933333333333 141 12 00E 141.2 Au, Ag, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 7.0 g/t Au, 107 g/t Ag, 1.12% Cu. Production of 9 tonnes Au, 130 tonnes Ag, 66,000 tonnes Cu (from 1932-1971). Northeast Japan Consists of quartz veins and Cu veins. More than 30 veins occur in an area of 2 km x 2 km. Main vein has average thickness of 1.8 m and length of 1,010 m. Veins are mainly quartz, barite, gypsum, calcite and sericite. Deposit minerals are native gold, native tellurium, tetrahedrite, enargite, luzonite, orpiment, realgar, stibnite, bithmuthinite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, marcasite, pyrargyrite and native silver. Deposit characteristically contains tellurite minerals. Veins occur in Miocene altered andesite and green tuff. Alteration minerals around the deposit are quartz, sericite and chlorite. Disseminated pyrite occurs in the wallrock. K-Ar isotopic age of formation determined by sericite from the vein is 4.0 Ma. Deposits discovered in 1893. Mining stopped in 1971. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990; Sawai and others 1992. Japan K 54 8 Yoichi 43 13 21N 43.2225 140 41 52E 140.697777777778 Zn, Cu, Pb Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of Cu rich veins: 0.99% Cu, 0.44% Pb, 2.75% Zn, 10.98% S. Production of 7,924 tonnes Cu, 3,370 tonnes Pb, 24,942 tonnes Zn, 73,792 tonnes S. Zn rich veins: 0.67% Pb, 5.76% Zn, 9.38% S. Production of 5,664 tonnes Pb, 34,177 tonnes Zn, 46,886 tonnes S. Northeast Japan Consists of NE-striking Cu veins and EW-striking Zn veins. Cu veins have average thickness of 0.6 m and about 850 m long. Zn veins have average thickness of 4.5 m and 100 m long. Veins are comprised mainly quartz, with minor calcite, barite and adularia. Main deposit minerals of Cu veins are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena and bornite. Main deposit minerals of Zn veins are pyrite, sphalerite and galena. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite and kaolin. Deposit occurs in Miocene altered andesite and tuff. Wallrock exhibit quartz, chlorite, calcite, sericite and kaolinite alteration. K-Ar sericite age is 12.39 +/-0.32 Ma. Deposit discovered in 1885 and mining started in 1931. Mine closed in 1963. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Sawai and Itaya, 1993. Japan K 54 9 Otarumatsukura 43 07 16N 43.1211111111111 140 58 40E 140.977777777778 Ba Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 93% BaSO4. Production of 323,173 tonnes barite refined ore (93% BaSO4), 2,438 tonnes zinc concentrate (43.4% Zn). Northeast Japan Consists of lenticular bodies elongated to NS. Eight bodies are known. Thickness of the bodies are 5-15 m. The high grade bodies (BaSO4=93%) are distributed irregurlarly in the low grade bodies (BaSO4=50%). The bodies occur along the boundary between valcanic breccia and altered andesite. The age of the volcanic rock is Miocene. Deposit mineral is barite. A small amount of quartz, calcite and sericite occurs. At the eastern part of deposit, a moderate concentration of sulfides is recognizable near the bottom of the barite bodies. The sulfides are sphalerite, pyrite, marcasite and galena. K-Ar isotopic ages of alunite range 9.7-10 Ma. K-Ar isotopic ages of sericite range 8.5-9.8 Ma. Deposit formed in Miocene. However, the ages are slightly younger than typical age of the Kuroko deposits (12-15 Ma) in Japan. The mine had been worked from 1932 to 1971. Igarashi and others, 1974; Sawai and Itaya, 1993. Japan L 45 1 Sagsai 47 52 10N 47.8694444444444 89 56 00 E 89.9333333333333 W Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Resources of 250 tonnes WO3 grading 0.5-5% WO3. Mongol Altai Consists of guartz-wolframite, quartz-wolframite-scheelite veins and greisens hosted in schist and sandstone of the Mountain Altai Group and the Sagsai granite of the Altai Complex. Deposit is divided into four prospects in an area of 10x3 km, where 46 guartz-wolframite-scheelite veins occur. Veins vary from 5 to 100 m in lenth and from 5 to 30 m wide. The 4th prospect occurs in granite pluton and contains quartz-wolframite veins that extent from 20 to 30 m and are 1-0.4 m thick.Radiometric age of the Sagsai granite varies from 301 Ma to 225 ñ 10 Ma, the age of veins is 164 Ma. Granite is mainly peraluminous and exhibits S-type granite characteristics. Also quartz-muscovite greisens occur with wolframite, scheelite, pyrite, molybdenite and tourmaline greisen fragments up to 0.2-0.4 m in diameter. Khasikn, 1977; S. Dandar and others, written commun.,1999. Mongolia L 45 2 Kelumute, Xinjiang 47 52 00N 47.8666666666667 89 03 00E 89.05 Li Be Nb Ta Muscovite REE-Li pegmatite Large Grade of 0.987% Li2O, 0.049% BeO, 0.026-0.011 Nb2O5+Ta2O5. Altay Consists of 71 granitoid pegmatite veins cutting Hercynian plagioclase granite and two mica granite. About 26 veins contain Li, Be, Ta, and Nb. No.112 is the largest vein and consists of an EW-trending main vein with branches that are 1100 m long and trends NS. The main vein is 4.25-10.5 m thick and dips at 45o. Thickness increases with depth. Six zones are recognized: (1) albite-moderate-coarese grained microcline zone; (2) albite zone; (3) quartz-albite-pyroxene zone; (4) quartz-albite zone; (5) sugar albite zone; and (6) quartz albite zone. Except for the 6th zone, other 5 zones contain spodumene. The 3rd zone contains 60% spodumene. The largest spodumene crystal ranges up to 60 cm by 240 cm. The total proven reserves are Li2O - 45848 tonnes, BeO - 952 tonnes, and (Ta,Nb)2O5 - 1215 tonnes in No.112 and No.116. In other 24 pegmatite veins are Li2O - 31330 tonnes, BeO - 323 tonnes, and (Ta,Nb)2O5 - 1103 tonnes. Deposit was discovered in 1959. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, 1996. China L 45 3 Ayoubulake, Xingjiang 47 32 40 N 47.5444444444444 89 13 00 E 89.2166666666667 Muscovite Muscovite pegmatite Large Not available. Altay Consists of 34 muscovite pegmatite veins that range from 15 to 490 m long, extend several tens of meters downdip, and range from 0.5 to 15 m thick. Muscovite and quartz occurs in masses mainly in intermediate-coarse grained pegmatite. The host rocks are Ordovician staurolite schist, sillimanite schist, gneiss and Hercynian biotite granite. An associated alteration zone is about 1 m wide and consists of muscovite, biotite and toumaline. Nie, Fengjun and others 1989; Ge, Chaohua and others, 1994. China L 45 4 Keketuohai, Xinjiang 47 12 24N 47.2066666666667 89 48 54E 89.815 Be Ta Li Nb Rb Zr Hf REE-Li pegmatite Large Reserves of 244 tonnes Ta2O5. Average grade of 0.024% Ta2O5, 0.051% BeO, 0.982% Li2O. Kelatongke Consists of: mitriform pegmatite bodies that are 250 long, extend to a depth of 250 m, and are 150 m wide; and gently-dipping pegmatite veins that are 2000 m long, extend to a depth of 1500 m, and are 40 m wide. The zoning of the mitriform pegmatite bodies from the margin to the center is: (1) graphic pegmatite; (2) sucrosic albite; (3) massive microcline; (4) muscovite-quartz; (5) cleavelandite-spodumene; (6) quartz-spodumene; (7) muscovite-lamella albite; (8) lamella albite-lepidolite; and (9) central massive microcline and quartz zone. The pegmatite veins are divided into seven zones. The main alterations are biotite, Li muscovite, Cs biotite, Li glaucophane, and fluorite alterations. The average grade in pegmatite is 6.5% muscovite, 0.05% lepidolite, 4.15% spodumene, 0.49% beryl, and 0.05% pollucite. The mitriform pegmatite contains on average of 3650 ppm LiO2, 1080 ppm Rb2O, 190 ppm Cs2O, 630 ppm BeO, 78 ppm Nb2O5, and 91 ppm Ta2O5. REE content is variable. The pegmatite bodies are related to Hercynian biotite microcline granite that is widespread, and contains Ordovician biotite schist, staurolite schist, and glaucophane schist inclusiono. The granite also intrudes Paleozoic gabbro with an isotopic age of 330 Ma. The Keketuahai pegmatite no.3 is a world class Be-Ta-Li pegmatite deposit. Lin, Chuanxian and others, 1994; Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, 1996. China L 45 5 Kalatongke, Xinjiang 46 48 30N 46.8083333333333 89 50 05E 89.8347222222222 Cu, Ni PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Grade of 0.58--0.88% Ni, 1.40% Cu. Reserves of 410,800 tonnes Cu, 1.740 tonnes Pt, 2.161 tonnes Pd. Average grade of 0.07 g/t Pt, 0.09 g/t Pd. Kelatongke Consists of nine Carbonaceous mafic-ultramafic intrusions with the No.1 intrusion the largest. The intrusion is lenticular in plan view, 640 m long, and 35 to 350 m wide, trends NW, and dips 20 to 28ø NE. In cross section, the pluton is wedge-shaped with a wide upper, and narrow lower part. The marginal upper part consists of biotite diorite and gabbro, and contains sparse sulfides. The central upper part is gabbro and norite and consists mainly of biotite amphibole norite, gabbro, and quartz amphibole norite, and contains lean Cu-Ni sulfides at the base. The central lower part is biotite-amphibole norite, biotite-olivine norite, and peridotite with more abundant sulfides at depth. The marginal lower part is biotite-amphibole diabase and gabbro, and olivine-amphibole diabase and gabbro, and contains lean sulfides. The intrusion is ultramafic with a Mg/Fe ratio of 2/3. Ore minerals are mainly pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrite, and magnetite, and 60 other lesser sulphides and oxide minerals. Ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations. Autometamorphism is widespread with formation of serpentinite, talc, bioitite, and uralite. Deposit formed during intrusion of magma with subsequent hydrothermal and weathering. Wang, Futong and others, 1992; Editorial Committee of The Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, 1996. China L 46 1 Uet Ondor 46 52 53N 46.8813888888889 95 39 00 E 95.65 Fe Ti Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Unknown Grade of 15-50% Fe, 1-14% Ti, 0.03-0.15 g/t Au. Zavhanmandal-Jargalant Consists of 40 Magnetite and Ti-magnetite lenses that occur in a 1 km long zone in a late Riphean layered gabbro stock. The stock has a surface area of approximately 10 sq.km. The lenses range from 0.2-1.0 m wide, range up to 120 m in length and contain small amounts of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and apatite in masses and disseminations. The lenses dip gently to E. D. Togtoh and others, written commun., 1995. Mongolia L 46 10 Oyut tolgoi 1 46 28 40N 46.4777777777778 93 18 00 E 93.3 Sn, Cu Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Grade of 0.25-0.61% Sn, 1.0% Cu, 0.001% WO3, 0.01% Pb, 0.001% Ag. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of chalcopyrite and cassiterite in four quartz-sericite metasomatic bodies that vary from 0.2-3.0 m wide and 20-100 m long. Occurs in the contact of the Late Carboniferous (329-338 Ma) Kharkhiraa intrusive complex that intrudes Silurian basalt, andesite and granite pluton of Kharkhiraa Complex. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, malachite, pyrite and cassiterite (43-50 g/t ). Fluid inclusions from fluorite are homogenized in the teperature 310-330ø C. Deposit is interpreted as hydrothermal-metasomatic. S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 11 Boorch 46 33 00 N 46.55 92 47 00 E 92.7833333333333 Pb, Ag As, Cu, Sb Ag-Pb epithermal vein Unknown Grade of 1.0-7.0% Pb, up to 1,000 g/t Ag. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of epithermal quartz-ankerite and quartz-siderite veins with galena dissemination in Cambrian sedimentary rocks. Veins are 0.2-2m wide and several hundreds meters long. Wall rocks have been altered by carbonatization and silicification. Ore minerals are galena, pyrite, antimonite, arsenopyrite and silver minerals. Major gangue minerals are chalchedony, siderite, quartz and calcite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 46 12 Del Tsahir 45 53 30N 45.8916666666667 94 29 00 E 94.4833333333333 Cu Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.3-1.0% Cu. Lake Quartz veins from 0.1 m to 0.5 m in thickness and from 10.0 m to 15.0 m in length are widely distributed in epidotized basalt of the Dulaankhar Formation of upper Riphean to Vendian age, in area 100.0 m by 200.0 m. Ore minerals are turquoise, chalcopyrite, covellite and pyrite. Grab samples contained from 0.01% to 1.0% of Cu, and 0.5 - 5.0 g/t of Ag D. Togtokh and others, written commun.,1995. Mongolia L 46 13 Bor uul 45 58 55N 45.9819444444444 94 10 51 E 94.1808333333333 Cu Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.3-1.0% Cu. Lake Cu mineralization is developed in basalt and tuffbasalt of the Dulaankhar Formation of upper Riphean to Vendian age, in area 1.5 km by 2.5 km. Main ore mineral is turquoise, with minor malachite. The most intense mineralization occurs in 8 zones, and their size ranges from 1.0 m by 3.0 m to 100.0 m by 200.0 m. Grab samples contained from 0.3% to 1.0% of Cu, and 1.0 - 5.0 g/t of Ag. D. Togtokh and others, written commun.,1995. Mongolia L 46 14 Khardav 46 21 07N 46.3519444444444 92 17 50 E 92.2972222222222 W, Sn Au, Cu Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.69-1.72% WO3, 0.01 -0.1% Sn, 0.05% Pb, 0.01-0.5% Cu, up to 0.01 g/t Au. Altay Consists of quartz veins and stockworks with Sn and W minerals in slate and sandstone that are genetically related to granite stock of Early Jurassic age. Quartz veins, microgranite, aplite, and amazonite pegmatite occur in area of 1.5 x 1.0 km. Veins are 100-1000 x 0.1 x 1.0 m. and controlled by Uench-Bodonch fault and a NS-trending zone related to Ulaan Uul leucocratic granite complex. Main ore minerals are cassiterite, malachite, azurite, tenentite, and tetrahedrite. Pegmatite contains amazonite, fluorite, and muscovite. S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 15 Khargait 1 46 39 42N 46.6616666666667 91 21 00 E 91.35 Be Nb, REE W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Production of 7,061 kg of beryl, 1,195.3 kg BeO, 1,631 kg REE, 460 kg Nb2O5. Mongolian-Altai Consists of an area 53 x 40 m with quartz-oligoclase-microcline-muscovite pegmatite and pegmatite lenses from 10 x 1 to 29 x 10 m with tourmaline, beryl, aquamarine, columbite, triplite, fluorite, pyrite, and smoky quartz. Pegmatite is related to the Indertyn granite complex with an isotopic age of 277-205 Ma. Beryl crystals are 1-1.5 x 0.2-0.35 m thick. Columbite occurs in disseminations. Ra-samarscite occurs in feldspar. Fluid inclusions in beryl are homogenized at a temperature of 240-308ø C. Chernyavsky and Safronov, 1957; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 16 Shoroot 46 35 12N 46.5866666666667 91 25 12 E 91.42 Be Nb, REE REE-Li pegmatite Small Grade of 0.4-140 kg/m3 Be, 0.12-12 kg/m3, 0.01-13.1% BeO, 0.05-7.3% REE, 0.01-0.07% Li2O3. Production of 738.6 kg beryl, 483 kg REE. Altay Consists of nine pegmatite bodies occurring in an area of 320 x 80 m. Pegmatite form 2.5-487.5 m2 lenses and two bodies 30 x 15 m related to the Late Permian (205-277 Ma) Indertyn granite pluton. Mineral composition of pegmatite is quartz, feldspar, albite, biotite, muscovite, tourmaline, columbite, beryl, orthite, fluorite, ilmenite and triplite, rare scheelite, zircon, apatite, bismuthite, pyrite and patchettolite. Chernyavsky and Safronov, 1957, S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 17 Angirt 46 05 30 N 46.0916666666667 92 53 00 E 92.8833333333333 Be-Ta-Nb REE-Li pegmatite Small 0.001-1%Be; 0.01-0.1%Y; 0.001-0.01% Nb; 0.01% Bi; 0.0001-0.01% Yb. Altai Consists of eight pegmatite bodies occurring within late Proterozoic biotite-amphibole schists and amphibolites of the Bulgan-Turgen-Angirt zone, Indertyn complex granite, aplite and pegmatite. Genetically related to rare metal garnites of late Permian age (219 Ma). Main minerals are beryl, columbite, tantalite and microcline. Ajipa,1959; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 18 Bulgat 46 35 06N 46.585 91 23 42 E 91.395 Be REE REE-Li pegmatite Small Grade of 0.4-10.4 kg/m3 Be, 0.39 kg/m3 orthite. Resources of 4,444.2 kg beryl, 1593.3 kg BeO, 1,923 kg REE, 1127.4 kg orthite. In 1956 during exploration stage, 52.15 kg beryl and 21.05 kg orthite were produced. Altay Consists of quartz-oligoclase-microcline-muscovite pegmatite bodies occurring in an area of 300 x 120 m. Pegmatites form stock-like bodies that vary from 1 x 2 m up to 46 x 17.5 m. Pegmatites are related to the Indertyn granite complex of late Permian age (205-277 Ma). Indertyn complex granites and leucogranites are subalkaline, peraluminous and show S-type granite features. Pegmatite bodies occur in the south contact of granite pluton within host metamorphic rocks and granites. Pegmatites contain beryl and columbite. Chernyavsky and Safronov, 1957; S. Dandar and others, written commun.,1999. Mongolia L 46 19 Khurdet 45 50 50N 45.8472222222222 93 27 20 E 93.4555555555556 Nb-REE Y-Nb-Zr REE-Li pegmatite Small Average grade of 0.23% REE, 0.01% U, 0.03-0.1% Nb, 0.03-0.1% Zr, 0.03 0.1% Y. Altay Consists of REE minerals in pegmatite veins hosted by metamorphic rock. Pegmatite related to the Late Permian Indertyn granite complex (180 Ma). Pegmatite is 20 x 4 m thick and deposit is 0.2 x 0.2 m-1.0 x 0.3 m. Beryl, Ta-Nb-fergusonite, samarscite and euxenite are main deposit minerals. Mikhailov and others, 1959; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 2 Khalzan uul 46 49 20N 46.8222222222222 95 39 20 E 95.6555555555556 Cr Co, Ni Podiform chromite Unknown Average grade of 1.0% Cr (in disseminated mineralization). Average grade of 0.05% Co, 0.2% Ni. Zavhan Consists of eight chromite lenses 1.0-1.5 x 3.5-7.1 m that occur in lower Riphean(?) ultramafic rock in an area of approximately 15 m by 100 m. In addition to the lenses of massive chromite, disseminated chromite occurs in serpentinite in pockets 1.5-2.0 m x 1.5-2.5 m. D. Togtoh and others, written commun., 1995. Mongolia L 46 20 North Khuld 45 52 00N 45.8666666666667 93 21 00 E 93.35 Be Nb REE-Li pegmatite Small Average grade of 0.048 kg/t BeO. Resources of 10-12 tonnes Be, up to 270 kg fergussonite. Altay Consists of nine pegmatite bodies 40-100 x 0.5-2.0 m in garnet-muscovite, quartz-biotite-kyanite, staurolite schist, gneiss and plagiogneiss. Related to the Late Permian Indertyn granite complex (180 Ma). Deposit minerals are beryl, tantalo-niobates, fergusonite, samarskite and euxenite Ajipa and others, 1957; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 21 Bodonch 46 05 00 N 46.0833333333333 92 30 00 E 92.5 Muscovite Muscovite pegmatite Small Grades up to 170 kg/m3 muscovite. Tseel Consists of eight mica bearing pegmatite bodies that occur in Lower and Middle Devonian metasedimentary rocks that are metamorphosed to garnet-biotite and biotite gneiss and intercalated with two-mica and garnet-two mica schists that are intruded by small, late Paleozoic granite plutons. Muscovite is abundant metamorphic mineral in schist. Conformable pegmatite veins range up to 1.5 km long and 2-5 m thick. Muscovite crystals in pegmate veins are mainly small, but locally range up to 25 cm. Pegmatite minerals are quartz, muscovite, and microcline, and rare beryl, tourmaline, apatite and garnet. A Pb-Pb zircon isochron age for related aplite is 780 Ma. Deposit is located in the large Bulgan pegmatite zone of the southern slope of the Mongolian Altai. The deposit was mined from 1960 to 1970 and was mined out. Kleiner and others, 1977. Mongolia L 46 22 Uench 46 11 48N 46.1966666666667 92 04 15 E 92.0708333333333 Be REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Altay Consists of seven pegmatite bodies 15-20 x 2-15 m in NW-trending lenses and veins in regionally metamorphosed Proterozoic (1120-610 Ma) amphibolite and schist.Beryl forms 1-20 x 0.5-8 cm crystals. Other minerals are apatite, sphene. Kovalenko and others, 1977; Ajipa, 1959; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 23 Buluket, Xinjiang 46 25 00N 46.4166666666667 90 16 30E 90.275 Muscovite Muscovite pegmatite Large Grade of 20-50 kg/m3 muscovite. Altay The deposit consists of 30 muscovite pegmatite veins. The ore bodies is 100-400m long, 1-2 m thick. Muscovite is distributed in pegmatite non-uniformly, and rich ores are usually the muscovite-quartz assemblage. The quality of muscovite is moderate. Some beryl is found in ores. Several hundred pegmatite veins were emplaced into the Ordovician mica schist, gneiss and Hercynican granite. Tu, Guangzhi and others, 1994. China L 46 24 Alatasi, Xinjiang 46 07 00N 46.1166666666667 90 28 00E 90.4666666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Kelatongke Oriented in NW direction and being 70km long, the mineralized belt contains several tens of mineralized and altered zones which are 1-3km long and 0.05-0.4km wide. These zones are veined ore elongated lenses, concordant to hsot strata, or having a small angles of 5-15­a. T he ores are veinlet-disseminated, veinlet-stockwork structures and are of idiomorphic-hypidiomorphic , inclusive and caulking textures. The main minerals of the ores include pyrite, galena, native gold and magnetite. Alterations related to minealization inlcude pyrite berecitization, silicification, pyritization, carbonatization and alteration to hydromica. The host strata include tuff, tuffeous breccias of andesitic-basaltic composition of the Middle Devonian and sandstone, siltstone, mud rock , sandstone and locally andesite, rhyolite and trachyte of the Upper Devonian. Host rocks for gold mineralization and related to gold mineralization include also biotite granite, granodiorite, potassic granite, granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, diorite and diorite porphyrite. Rui Xingjian, 1993. China L 46 25 Khaltar-uul I 45 18 30N 45.3083333333333 91 57 40 E 91.9611111111111 Au Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 3.3 g/t Au, 7.1g/t Ag, 0.003-1% Pb, 0.03-1% Zn, 0.01-0.03% Cu. Resources of 7,141.5 kg Ag, 1138.5 kg Au. Baruunkhuurai Hosted in Early Carboniferous Nukhnii nuruu Formation with volcanic and clastic units of intercalated sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and siliceous shale, and rare tuff-gravelstone. 73 quartz veins occur with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 m and length of 30 m to 130 m. Nine veins range up to 4 m thick and up to 300 m long. Quartz veins occur in groups with four types: (1) large veins that occur along hinge of an anticline axis along cleavage, foliation, and fractures in shear zones; (2) saddle reef veins in hinge anticline axes that are up to 0.3-0.5 m thick and 150 m long; (3) small veins in shear zones in wings of axes; (4) veins in extentional faults that are up to 0.5 m thick and 100 m long. Several zones occur. Silica-altered zone No. 1 occurs in the central part of the occurrence and is 880 m long. Morphology of quartz veins is variable. In NW zone is a trench with a vein in an anticline hinge up to 6.0 m thick. Quartz is fractured, porous, with brown-yellow Fe hydroxides. In lower selvage of the vein, host rock is foliated and hydrothermaly altered, is white, partlylimonite-altered, and cut by quartz stringers. The average grade of Au in 29 samples is 0.9 g/t and Ag is 7.25 g/t. Zone 2 is a quartz vein that occurs 500 m NE of zone No 1, occurs in hinge of anticline axis. The thickness of the vein increases from NW to SE, from 0.5 m to 5.0 m. The average thickness is 2.75 m and length is 300 m. Characteristics of quartz in the vein is same as in zone No 1. Host rock near vein is foliated, altered, and cut by quartz stringers. Channel samples have from 0.2 to 10.2 g/t Au (average of 4.13 g/t ) and Ag from 6.0 to 26.1 g/t (average of 14.2 g/t ). Probable resources to 40 m depth are a size of 300x 2.75 m with 345.68 kg Au and 1050.7 kg Ag. In other veins, Au ranges up to 1.0 g/t, and Ag from 5.0 to 10.0 g/t. Deposit area is 5 x 2 km. T. P. Gridasova and others, written commun., 1960; Blagonravov and others, 1977. Mongolia L 46 26 Khaltar Uul II 45 17 10N 45.2861111111111 91 53 20 E 91.8888888888889 Au Ag, Pb Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Average grade of 0.9 g/t Au, 7.25 g/t. Ag. Resources of 345.68 kg Au, 1,050.7 kg Ag. Baruunkhuurai Hosted in the Early Carboniferous Nukhniinuruu Formation that consists of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, siliceous shale, andesite, tuffaceous sandstone, and tuff. Deposit occurs in a NW-trending major shear zone that ranges up to 2.5-3.0 km wide and 7.0 km long. The shear zone occurs along a NW-trending fault zone. Host rock is deformed and altered to carbonate, sericite, and pyrite. The zone contains more 200 concordant lenses and saddle-reefs veins that range up to 350 m long and 1.5-2 m wide. Four large zones are studied. As an example, quartz vein zone No. 1 contains a vein that ranges up to 5.0 m wide and 58.0 m long. The vein occurs in phyllite and greenstone derived from tuffaceous sandstone. The vein dips steeply. Quartz is fractured and with fillings of Fe hydroxide and yellow and red-brown gouge. Ore minerals are rare chalcopyrite, galena, malachite and azurite. Host rock is altered and contain Fe oxides and quartz veinlets. The thickness of the alteration varies from 6 m to 15 m. Channel samples contain from 0.033% to 3% Pb and Zn (average of 0.2%), 0.2 to 26.6 g/t Au (average-3.3 g/t ), and 5.0-146 g/t Ag, (average of 20.7 g/t ). Probable resource of gold to 40 m depth is 345,000.0 tonnes ore with 7141.5 kg with an average grade of 20.7 g/t Ag and 1138.5 kg Au grading 3.3 g/t Au. T. P. Gridasova and others, written commun., 1960; Blagonravov and others, 1977. Mongolia L 46 27 Ereen Uul 45 15 30N 45.2583333333333 91 58 00 E 91.9666666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.015-20.0 g/t Au, 0.015-1.0% Pb, 0.02-0.5% Zn, 0.007-0.15% Cu, 0.005-0.5% Ag, 0.01% Sb, 0.03-1.0% As Baruunkhuurai Hosted in Early Carboniferous Nukhniinuruu Formation of volcanic and clastic rock, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, siliceous shale, tuff, and tuff-gravelstone. Host rocks are intensively folded into narrow anticline and synclines and intensely foliated. Deposit occurs in a silica-altered, NW-trending shear zone. The shear zone is 0.5 km wide and more than 3 km long. Zone contains widely distributed 0.01-2.0 m thick, up to 10 m long, concordant quartz veins. Quartz contains nests with brown Fe oxides (Fe carbonate). Grab samples contains 0.015-1.0% Pb, 0.02-0.5% Zn, 0.007-0.15% Cu, 0.005-0.5% Ag, 0.01% Sb, 0.03-1.0% As by spectrometry, and 0.015-20.0 g/t Au by gold-spectrometry. O. Davaa and others, written commun., 1994. Mongolia L 46 28 Khuld 46 05 30N 46.0916666666667 92 53 00 E 92.8833333333333 Be Nb, REE, Ta REE-Li pegmatite Small Average grade of 0.23% REE, 0.1% Nb; 0.1% Y. Resources of 10 tonnes beryl, 27 kg fergussonite. Altay Consists of 10 pegmatite bodies occurring in metamorphic rock in an area of 4 sq.km. that is genetically related to the Permian Indertyn granite leucogranite complex with radiometric ages of 205-277 Ma and 217-246 Ma. Other K-Ar data show a variable age ranging from 152 to 765 Ma. There are many pegmatite bodies genetically related to the Indertyn granite complex. Pegmatite contains beryl, euxinite, columbite and Ta-Nb samarscite. Gavrilova, 1975; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 3 Olgoi Tsagaan 46 30 50N 46.5138888888889 95 37 30 E 95.625 Cu Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Grade of 0.3-0.7% Cu. Unassigned Consists of a silica-altered zone 1.0-2.0 m thick and 700 m long containing quartz-epidote veinlets. The host rock of the occurrence is upper Proterozoic (Early to Middle Riphean) chloritic schist. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, covellite and turquoise. Grab samples taken from surface of the zone contains: 0.5-0.7% Cu and Pb (0.001-0.005%), Zn (up to 0.015%), Ag (up to 15.0 g/t ) and Au (0.01-0.05 g/t ). Core samples contains: Cu-0.3-0.5% Cu and 10.0-20.0 g/t Ag. D. Togtokh and others, written commun., 1995. Mongolia L 46 4 Alag Uul 46 28 00 N 46.4666666666667 94 52 00 E 94.8666666666667 Asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Unknown Grade ranges 10-50% asbestos. Probable reserves of 100,000 tonnes asbestos. Lake Consists of chrysolite-asbestos cross-fiber veins that occur in peridotite massif of Alag Uul in Tsagaan Shiveet zone. Deposit occurs in the fracture zone along the contact of ultrabasite and granite. The longest asbestos fibre is 20 mm. Deposit age interpreted as Late Paleozoic. Pinus and others, 1984. Mongolia L 46 5 Burged 47 31 00N 47.5166666666667 91 18 00 E 91.3 Cu, Zn, Pb Ag, Au, Sb Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Unknown Grade of 0.1-1.0% Cu, 0.2% Zn, and 0.2-1% Pb. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of zones in Devonian felsic volcanic and sedimentary rock (altered sandstone and siltstone). Wall rocks are hydrothermally altered to silica, sericite, and limonite. Sulfide zones are up to 3.2 km long and several hundreds meters wide. Ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite and oxide. Major gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, kaolinite, and chlorite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia L 46 6 Tsetserlegiin Nuruu 46 44 30N 46.7416666666667 93 35 00 E 93.5833333333333 Cu Zn, Ag, Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.1-1.0% Cu. Lake Consists of six altered zones in metamorphosed basalt and andesite of the upper Riphean to Vendian Dulaankhar Formation. The size of these zones are from 50 m to 70 m wide and from 100 m to 130 m long. In addition, alteration zones with epidote and pyrite and zones of quartz veins and veinlets that occur along faults. Deposit minerals are turquoise, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite and pyrite. Deposit minerals occur in fractures and also as nests and stringers from 5.0 by 8.0 cm to 10.0 cm by 20.0 cm. Soil anomaly aureoles of Cu (0.02-1.0%) are closely related to more intensive zones. Grab samples contains 0.1-1.0% Cu, 0.01-0.5% Zn, 0.001-0.02% Pb, 1.0-3.0 g/t Ag and 0.5-1.0 g/t Au. D. Togtokh and others, written commun., 1995. Mongolia L 46 7 Aketishi, Aketishikan, Xijiang 47 32 00 N 47.5333333333333 90 12 00 E 90.2 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. Hovdgol Occurs in layers and veins in a zone about 100 to 200 m long and 1.5 to 2 m wide. The ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Gangue mineral is mainly quartz. Other rare minerals are argyrithrose, native silver, corundum, celestite, and barite. The deposit is probably related to Jurrassic granitoid and occurs along the Hongshan fault that is closely related to the deposit. The host rocks are Late Devonian dacite, phyllite, and slate of the Mangdaqia Formation, and Early Carboniferous siliceous and intermediate continental volcanic rock, fine-grained marine clastic rock, bioclastic limestone of the Hongshan Formation. The Hongshan fault trends west-northwest, dips north, is about 200 m wide, and contains intensely fractured rock, and mylonite, phyllite, and local breccia. . Rui Xingjian, 1993. China L 46 8 Jadat khar 46 30 25N 46.5069444444444 93 15 00 E 93.25 Sn Cu Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade 0.3-1.0% Cu, 0.001-0.01% Sn, 0.003% Pb, 1.5 g/t Ag, 0.001% Be. Mongol Altai Consists of chalcopyrite and cassiterite in quartz veins 0.5-1.0 m thick and in greisen zone that is 2-5 m wide and 20-30 m long that occur along the contact of Late Silurian basalt and andesite with a Late Carboniferous granite pluton (329-338 Ma). Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite, and fluorite S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 46 9 Yargait 46 27 50N 46.4638888888889 93 22 00 E 93.3666666666667 Sn W(Cu, Au) Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Grade of 0.01-0.2% Sn, 0.001-0.01% W; 0.005% Pb, 2.5-6 g/t Ag, 0.62 g/t Au. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of quartz veinlets in a silica and sulfide alteration zone hosted in upper Silurian andesite, basalt and their tuffs. Zone is 30 x 1 m and elongated to NW. Genetically related to intrusive pluton of Kharkhiraa Complex and occurs at the contact of this complex. Age is 329-338 Ma (Middle Carboniferous). Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, malachite, cassiterite (33.3 g/t ), bornite, covellite and wolframite. Interpreted as a hydrothermal metasomatic deposit. Fluid inclusions from quartz are homogenized between 310-330øC. S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 47 1 Tomortolgoi 47 23 00N 47.3833333333333 101 48 00E 101.8 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Average grade of 36-56% Fe. Reserves of 25 million tonnes. Hangai Conisists of hematite-magnetite lenses in sandstone of the Carboniferous Khangai Group. The length of body is hundreds of m and the thickness ranges up to 55-60 m. The size of massive hematite-magnetite lenses is 15 by 30 m. Major deposit mineral is hematite, with minor magnetite. The grade of Fe ranges from 50% to 55% in magnetite masses and from 30% to 40% in hematite masses. T. Semeihan and others, written commun., 1970; Filipova and others, 1977; Geology and mineral resources of Mongolia, 1999. Mongolia L 47 10 Saran uul 45 47 00N 45.7833333333333 100 36 00E 100.6 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Resources of 60,000 tonnes Cu. Central Mongolia Consists of stockwork veinlets and veins of quartz, chalcopyrite and molybdenite developed at the contacts of Late Carboniferous granodiorite intrusion. Veins contain mainly quartz and carbonate minerals. The granodiorite intrudes Silurian volcanic, pyroclastic, and sedimentary rock overlain by Late Permian sedimentary rock. Deposit minerals occur at the intersections faults. NW-trending faults are more important for the Cu minerals. Deposit stockwork is 650 m wide and extend 1.5 km to the NW. Major deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite and molybdenite. Alteration minerals consist of quartz, K-feldspar and biotite or chlorite. Most zones exhibit varying amounts of sodic, potassic and silicic alteration. The highest grade part of the body (>0.3% Cu) consists of quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite and has a weakly-developed quartz vein stockwork. Secondary enrichment zone is nearly absent. Potassic alteration mainly developed in the intrusive rock. Deposit in bedrock at surface contains > 0.1 wt% Cu over an area of 0.6 km x 1.2 km, including a zone 100 m x 500 m containing >0.3 wt% Cu. Cu-Mo minerals are associated with the centers of potassic alteration. Grades of Cu and Mo correlate positively with silicic alteration intensity. Sotnikov and others, 1985; Watanabe and others, 1999. Mongolia L 47 11 Baidragiin gol 46 09 00 N 46.15 99 24 00 E 99.4 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Unknown Average grade of 25.7% Fe. Baydrag Consists of magnetite quartzite bed in early Proterozoic gneisses and amphibolites. The thickness of the bed ranges from 10 m to 100 m, and length is 4500 m. The bed consists of magnetite-quartzite and magnetite-amphibole gneiss. Filippova and Vydrin, 1977; D. Andreas and others, written commun.,1970. Mongolia L 47 12 Asgat uul 46 58 00 N 46.9666666666667 96 27 00 E 96.45 Fe Cu Fe skarn Unknown Average grade of 56.33% Fe and 0.66% Cu. Gentral Mongolian Consists of magnetite veins in the contact zone of Vendian to lower Cambrian carbonate rocks and Permian granodiorite intrusive. Veins are steeply dipping and up to 1m thick. Skarn occurs in an area 3.0 - 4.0 km wide. Main ore mineral is magnetite, with minor malachite. Contains 0.6 - 1.0% As. V. Loginov and others, written commun., 1965. Mongolia L 47 13 Buutsagaan 46 05 25N 46.0902777777778 98 45 45 E 98.7625 Cu-Au-Fe (Ag) Au skarn Unknown Grades up to 150.0g/t Au, up to 2.0% Cu, up to 30.0g/t Cd, up to 1.0-1.5% Zn, up to 50.0 g/t Ag. Central Mongolian Consists of consists of magnesium skarn formed along the contact of Proterozoic schist and carbonate with a Permian granite massif. The deposit contains magnetite lenses and veins in an area of 0.25 by 0.75 km. The lenses and veins range from 6 m to 300 m long and 0.3 m to 4.5 m thick Also occurring are tourmaline, plagioclase, and quartz stringers occur. Magnesium skarn is zoned intrusive to host metamorphic rocks with the following zones: granite replaced by pyroxene-plagioclase skarn; pyroxene-spinel skarn; pyroxene-spinel-forsterite skarn; forsterite-calcifire skarn; and dolomite marble. Most magnetite is deposited in magnesium skarn. During calcic skarn formation spinel-pyroxene skarn overprinted magnesium skarn, and grossular-vesuvianite-salite-sulfide skarn along the endocontact of the granite massif. In Cu sulfide skarn, the grade ranges up to 150.0g/t Au. Grab samples contain up to 2.0% Cu, up to 30.0g/t Cd, up to 1.0-1.5% Zn, and up to 50.0 g/t Ag. Filippova and others, 1977; Podlessky and others, written commun., 1988; A.A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 14 Ondor Tsoohor uul 46 53 00N 46.8833333333333 96 13 00 E 96.2166666666667 Mn Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Unknown Grade of 20-30% Mn, up to 0.15% Co, up to 0.1% Zn. Lake Consists of hematite-pyrolusite stringers and breccia in a quartz-chert zone 30 m by 2000 m. The zone occurs at the contact of carbonate rock with Vendian to Early Cambrian chert and chlorite slate. Analyses yield: 20-30% Mn, up to 0.15% Co, up to 0.1% Zn and up to 3.0% Ba. A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 15 Bayangol 2 46 40 00 N 46.6666666666667 96 30 00 E 96.5 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 7.14-25.20% P2O5. Tsagaanolom Consists of phosphorite hosted in upper part of the Vendian Tsagaanolom Suite. The phosphorite-bearing bench consists of silicic phosphorite, chert, aleurolite, and limestone. Thickness is 12 m. D. Dorzhnamzhaa, K. Kepezhinskas, and L.Ochir, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 16 Ulaan Argalant 45 20 00N 45.3333333333333 99 29 00 E 99.4833333333333 Fe Au Fe skarn Small Grade of 44.98-56.82% Fe. Up to 0.7 g/t Au. Central Mongolia Consists of massive, fine-grained magnetite bodies 30-50 m by 50-70 m, occur along the contact zone of Vendian to Early Cambrian limestone and Permian granite. V. Zabotkin and others, written commun., 1986. Mongolia L 47 17 Bideriingol 46 14 00 N 46.2333333333333 96 40 00 E 96.6666666666667 Cr Ni, Co Podiform chromite Unknown Grade of 0.3-05% Cr in disseminated ore, 0.2-0.5% Ni, 0.02% Co. Lake Consists of lenses of massive chromite and pockets of disseminated chromite in ultramafics of the Khantaishir ophiolite Complex of Vendian to Early Cambrian age. Lenses are 0.2 m x 3.0 m. Disseminated chromite mineralization forms pockets 5.0 m by 3.0 m in melanged serpentenite. Chromite impregnation occupies from 20 - 30% to 50-70% of the pockets. Grab samples from weakly disseminated ore contained Cr -0.3-0.5%, Ni - 0.2-0.5%, Co - 0.02% and Cu - 0.01%. A. Rauzer and others, written commun.,1987. Mongolia L 47 18 Gegeenii ovoo uul 44 56 00N 44.9333333333333 100 31 00E 100.516666666667 Cr Podiform chromite Unknown Average grade of 3.26% Cr2O3. Ikh Bogd Consists of chromite disseminations and massive bands in serpentinized dunite. The dunite body has an area of approximately 4.0 sq.km. A.Rauzer and others, written commun.,1987. Mongolia L 47 19 Biderin gol 46 13 00 N 46.2166666666667 96 40 00 E 96.6666666666667 Magnesite Sedimentary-metamorphic magnesite Large Reserves 0.524 million tonnes, grading 45.2% MgO Unassigned Consists of magnesite related to the Lower Cambrian weathering serpentinite massif. There are two magnesite deposit areas: The central area is in 432x78m, its thickness is 7.68m. The southwest area is in 390x127m,its thickness is 2.87m. The average chemical contents of all ores are as follows(%): MgO-46,0 CaO-1.39, Fe2O3-0.22, FeO-0.07, Al2O3-0.24, SiO2-0.72, and LOI-50.84. The deposit is interpreted as Early Cambrian in age and is located in the Ikh Bogd deep fault zone, 15km southeast from Gobi-Altai Province. Kleiner and others, 1977; Pinus and others, 1978; N. Shaandar and others, written commun., 1979, 1992. Mongolia L 47 2 Zoogiin 47 50 00N 47.8333333333333 99 36 00 E 99.6 Fe Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Small Resources of 46 million tonnes grading 42.2% Fe in masses, and 36.18% Fe in disseminations. Hangai Consists of massive and thickly disseminated magnetite and hematite. Minor deposit minerals are pyrolusite and psilomelane and rare malachite and azurite. Host rock is Early to Middle Devonian clasticous rock composed of volcanic porphyry and jasper in the Erdenetsogt Formation. Deposit has a surface area of 15 by 20 m by 800 m and occurs in lower part of a 25 m thick jasper bed. Filippova and Vydrin, 1977. Mongolia L 47 20 Nergui 46 09 00N 46.15 96 49 00 E 96.8166666666667 Cu Au, Ag Cyprus Cu-Zn massive sulfide Small Grade of 0.1-1.0% and more of Cu. Resources of 300,000 tonnes Cu, 3.0 tonnes Ag, 2.0 tonnes Ag. Lake Consists of intensive alterations of epidote, pyrite and silica in zones in Vendian chlorite-epidote schist. Deposit occurs in a NW elongate, 100 m wide and 3.0 km long area. Apobasalt and aposerpentenite schist horizons with a thickness of 10.0-20 m are distributed. Sulphide (mostly pyrite) and hematite sheets and tabular bodies 0.2-0.3 m thick, occur in the latter horizons. Sulphides are pyrite and chalcopyrite replaced mostly by malachite and azurite. Rock chip and grab samples contains: from 0.1% to 1.0% and more of Cu; As-0.01-0.02%, Co-0.01-0.04%, Ag-from 0.1 to 5.0 g/t and Au from 0.01 to 1.0 g/t. Ironstone horizon, contains 32.35%-42.0% Fe. A.A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987, Mongolia L 47 21 Nogoon tolgoi 46 21 00N 46.35 96 08 00 E 96.1333333333333 Cr Ni Podiform chromite Unknown Average grade of 53.19% Cr2O3, 0.06% Ni. Lake Consists of chromite pods distributed in serpentinite of the Vendian to Early Cambrian Khantaishir Ophiolite Complex. Pods occur in an area 100 m by 30 m, are massive and fine-grained, and range up to 0.8-1.0 m in diameter. Analysis of grab samples yields: 53.19% Cr2O3, 6.2% SiO2, 5.95% Al2O3, 9.68% MgO, 0.06% Ni. A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 22 Ikh nart 44 54 00N 44.9 100 21 00E 100.35 Asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Large Average grade of 53% CaF2. Reserves of 98,000 tonnes. Unassigned Consists of chrysolite-asbestos cross-fibre veins that occur in serpentinized alpine ultramafic rock of the Ikh Bogd Belt. Deposit occurs in two veinlets in zones 500x30x90 m and 350x50x150 m. The longest asbestos fibres are 20-30 mm. The interpreted age of deposit is Early Cambrian. Marinov and others, 1977; Pinus and others, 1984; V.V. Bezzubtsev and others, written commun., 1960. Mongolia L 47 23 Naran Davaa 46 10 00N 46.1666666666667 96 30 00 E 96.5 Cu Ag Cyprus Cu-Zn massive sulfide Unknown Range of 0.01%-10% Cu. Lake Consists of a NW-trending zone with chlorite, epidotie, quartz-sulfide stringers and disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, hematite. Zone occurs in an area 0.7 km wide and 2.5 km long in Vendian mafic and ultramafic bodies and Vendian to Early Cambrian chlorite and chlorite-sericite schist that are overlain by Middle Devonian carbonate rock. Zone ranges up to 10 m thick and up to a few hundred m long. Rock chip and grab samples contain 0.01% to 1.0-2.0% Cu, 0.001% to 0.2% Ni, 0.001-0.01% Co, up to 0.2% Cr, up to 15.0 g/t Ag, 0.001% Mo and up to 0.01 g/t Au. Abundant sulfides (chalcopyrite, malachite and azurite) occur in areas of disseminated sulfides. The average grade in abundant sulfide bodies ranges up to 10.0% Cu. Similar zones occur to the E and W. A.A. Rauzer, and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 24 Taishir 46 15 00N 46.25 96 11 00 E 96.1833333333333 Asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Medium Reserves of 15,000 tonnes, grading 0.2-0.3% asbestos. Lake Consists of chrysotile-asbestos cross-fibre veins that occur in the SE part of serpentinized ultramafic rock. Asbestos occurs in an area 1 km long by approximately 150 m wide. The content of asbestos ranges from 0.2-1% to 1%. The host rock is crosscut by thin (1-2 mm) chrysotile-asbestos vein network. Deposit age interpreted as Early Cambrian. Pinus and others 1984; Kleiner and others, 1977. Mongolia L 47 25 Tsakhir khudag 46 03 00N 46.05 96 26 00 E 96.4333333333333 Cu-Au Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.4- 2% Cu, up to 15 g/t Ag. Central Mongolia Consists of sulphide-quartz-epidote and sulphide-magnetite skarn, quartz-sulphide dissemination and stringers, quartz veins, quartz-tourmaline veins and breccia. Deposit is related closely to Permian granosyenite stock extending to WNW. The southern side of the granosyenite body is thrusted on Devonian and Jurassic sedimentary rock and its northern part contacts with Cambrian mafic volcanic rock and its eastern part-with carbonate rock. A cleaved, foliated and mylonitized zone of width up to 20-30 m, in Cambrian basalt, occurs in the northern contact of the granosyenite stock. Quartz-calcite veinlets and in locally sulphide ( chalcopyrite, chalcocite and pyrite ) stringers and coatings of malachite and Fe oxides occur. Richer areas occur in a strip of width from 3-5 m to 15-20 m, located in contact of the stock. Rare Cu-rich minerals occur in granosyenite. The zone declines to the N. Its length is about 700 m. Rock chip and grab samples contains up to 1-5% Cu, up to 10.0-15.0 g/t Ag and up to 15.0 g/t Au. The western continuation of the zone are quartz-epidote stringers in an area of width 40-50 m and of length up to 500-800 m. Rauzer and others,1987. Mongolia L 47 26 Bayangovi district 44 44 37 N 44.7436111111111 100 18 23 E 100.306388888889 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.1-1.5 g/t Au. Bayangovi Consists of quartz veins in the Early Devonian Ulaan Khan uul, Gichigenet, and Khondolon Formations of sedimentary and volcanic rock. Formations are intruded by concordant bodies of foliated quartz diorite, plagiogranite and gabbro of the Nuden khudag Complex by extensive subvolcanic bodies and dikes of andesite, basalt, gabbro, and diabase. Main faults strike to the NW direction and they cut by more late faults striking to the North and to NE. Intensive development of quartz veins and silicification are characteristic for the target area. There are few Au occurrences. Veins consist of milk-white, coarse- and medium-grained quartz in long extended zones. Chip samples contain 0.1-0.5 g/t Au. Also occurring are quartz stockworks quartz and polymictic sandstone with chloritic cement. Pyrite occurs in margins of quartz stringers and in host sandstone and ranges up to 3-5%. 156 rock chip and channel samples (from each 0.5 m of 14 trenches) were taken from these zones. Gold is fine-grained, and ranges from 0.1-0.2 mm and rarely up to 0.5-0.8 mm. Most gold forms plates and some is intergrown quartz and pyrite. Other deposit minerals are galena and chalcopyrite. Also in the district is the similar Bayangovi II gold occurrence with a stockwork that grades 0.05-3.0 g/t Au. Also in the district is the Bituugiin khar occurrence with a quartz stockwork that is 2 m thick and 600 m long with channel samples grading 0.3-1.5 g/t Au. D. Togtokh and others, written commun., 1991; A.A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 27 Tsagaan gol 45 49 00N 45.8166666666667 96 15 00 E 96.25 Talc Talc (magnesite) replacement Unknown Grade of 20-80% talc. Ikh Bogd Consists of carbonate talc replacement occurring in presumed Vendian to Early Cambrian serpentinitized dunite and harzburgite. Deposit consists of a talc-breunnerite lens approximately 700 m long and 50-200 m wide and occurs along a NW-trending fault. P. Shaandar and others, written commun., 1992; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 47 28 Sharturuutiin gol 45 28 00N 45.4666666666667 96 56 00 E 96.9333333333333 Mn Ba Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Medium Grade of 1.0-30.0% Mn, 1-3% Ba. Resources of 3 million tonnes Mn. Govi-Altai Consists of pyrolusite and hematite-bearing quartzite bed 50 m by 2000 m hosted by middle Cambrian to lower Ordovician sedimentary rock. The host rock is quartzite, phyllite, siltstone and sericite-chlorite slate. The grade of Mn ranges from 1.0-6.0% to 30% and 1-3% Ba. A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 29 Tahilgat uul 45 43 00N 45.7166666666667 96 05 00 E 96.0833333333333 Mn Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Medium Range of 3-5-10-20% Mn. Resource of 2 million tonnes Mn and 3 million tonnes Fe. Govi-Altai Consists of pyrolusite, magnetite and martite in a quartzite bed in amphibolite and schist of the Early to Middle Cambrian Togrog Formation. The bed is 0.5-1.0 m thick and extends for 2000 m. Grade ranges from 3-20% Mn. Grab samples contain up to 0.015% Co, up to 0.02% Mo and up to 0.01-0.25% Cu. A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 3 Khangai 47 51 00N 47.85 99 22 00 E 99.3666666666667 Fe Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Unknown Grade of 52.4-71.54% Fe. Hangai Consists of magnetite-hematite lenses and quartz-magnetite veinlets in lower part of 80 m-thick jasper bed. Host rock is clastic sedimentary rock of Erdenetsogt Formation of Early to Middle Devonian age. The bed consists of jasper-quartzite, jasper with siltstone, and chloritic slate subbeds. Jasper is cut by quartz-magnetite veinlets ranging up to 5.0 m by up to 0.5 m. Magnetite-hematite lenses, up to 5.0 m thick and length to tens of m, occur in lower part of bed. The grade of Fe ranges from 52.14% to 71.54% in magnetite-hematite lenses and averages 14.98% in jasper. Goldenberg and others, written commun., 1966. Mongolia L 47 30 Bayantsagaan 1 44 49 30 N 44.825 98 41 00 E 98.6833333333333 Cu Au Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Unknown Grade of 0.1% Cu for a zone that is 6.0-12.0 m thick, and 1.5-2.0% Cu for 2.0 m thick intervals. Average grades of 0.6-1.0 g/t Au. Bayanleg The territory of the occurrence consists of Devonian basalt, andesite, greenstones, and chert. There are Cu - bearing 2 horizons. The lower horizon is localised in apobasaltic chlorite schist with malachite nests. The length of the mineralised horizon is approximately 1.0 km. In channel samples of the horizon were defined: 0.1% Cu in 6.0 - 12.0 m thick and 1.5 - 2.0% Cu in 2.0 m thick intervals. There the grade of Au ranged from 0.003 - 0.03 g/t to 0.6 - 1.0 g/t. The upper Cu - bearing horizon is localised in chert and iron-chert horizon with chalcopyrite impregnation and malachite coatings. The length of the upper horizon is up to 1.0 km. In channel samples, by spectrometry, were defined: 0.05% of Cu at 6.0 m, and 0.1 - 0.3% of Cu at 4.0 m thick intervals. The grade of Au was up to 1.0 g/t. There are intensive developed quartz veinlets distributed in area of size 0.2 km by 1.0 km, in southern part of the occurrence. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, malachite and azurite in quartz veinlets. By spectrometry in 5 rock chip samples, were defined: up to 1.0% Cu and up to 1.0 g/t Ag. A.A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 31 Uhiin ovoo 45 32 00N 45.5333333333333 96 32 00 E 96.5333333333333 Fe Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Unknown Grade of 20.5-48.4% Fe, 1.5%Mn. Govi-Altai Consists of magnetite and hematite-bearing beds hosted by Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician chlorite-sericite slate. Beds are 5.0-10 m by 50.0-70 m thick and extend up to 4000 m long. Analysiss of three grab samples yields 20.5-48.4% Fe, 1.5% Mn, up to 0.08% V and up to 0.01% Cu. A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 47 32 Bayan Undur 44 51 00 N 44.85 98 28 00 E 98.4666666666667 Ba Bedded barite Unknown Not available. Unassigned Consists of lenses of barite interlayered with the Lower Cretaceous siltstone and marl of Khulshin Gol formation. The occurrence has minimum length of 10-12km, and an average thickness of 8-10cm. P.Shaandar and others, 1992; D.N. Zabotkin and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 33 Olgiibulag 45 16 00N 45.2666666666667 96 13 00 E 96.2166666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Grade of 2.0-30% Mn+Fe. Resources of 100,000 tonnes Mn. Edrengiin Consists of Mn minerals in quartzite lenses in a Early Devonian chert and quartzite bed that ranges up to 4 m thick in the Early Devonian Olgii Formation. Lenses range up to 1 m thick and 100 m long. Main deposit minerals are pyrolusite, with hematite. Grab samples contain from 2-30% Mn, up to 0.4% Co and up to 2.0 g/t Ag. A. Rauzer and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 34 Khadat Gunii khudag 44 08 20N 44.1388888888889 97 48 40 E 97.8111111111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Up to 30 g/t Au. Edren-Zoolon Consists of a NE-trending steeply dipping, quartz vein that ranges from 0.3-0.5 m thick and extends 100 m in chert and basalt in the Early Devonian Olgii Formation. Host rock is weakly altered to silica, carbonate, limonite, and epidote. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena, and rare gold. Heavy concentrate samples contain galena, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, cerussite, anglesite, and gold that ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.9 mm. Rock chip samples contain 0.1-30.0 g/t Au. A NE-trending quartz veinlets zone occurs 500 m to SE and consists of sericite-chlorite schist cut by quartz veinlets and stringers with pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and gold that ranges up to 3 mm. A rock chip sample contains 10 g/t Au. Local placer Au deposits were exhausted in ancient time. Podkolzin and others, 1990. Mongolia L 47 4 Bogdyn Arshaan 47 48 00 N 47.8 97 32 00 E 97.5333333333333 Fe Sn Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 52.97% Fe. Reserves of 60 million tonnes to 100 m depth. Central Mongolia Mainly massive magnetite ore with disseminated outer zone, is developed in skarn localized in contact of middle to upper Riphean limestone and late Permian to early Triassic granitoid. There were defined 17 ore bodies of size 3.0 - 150 m by 30 - 350 m. Main ore minerals are magnetite, minor - cassiterite, bismuthite, hematite. By chemical analyse the grad of Fe ranges from 48.18% to 55.28%, the average grade of Mn - 0.7%, of Sn - 0.03%. By spectrometry of grab samples: Sn - from 0.003% to 0.15%, Mo - 0.001 - 0.005%, Zn up to 0.03%, B - up to 1.0%. V. Goldenberg and others, written commun., 1966. Mongolia L 47 5 Monhot 47 07 00N 47.1166666666667 99 20 00 E 99.3333333333333 Fe Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Unknown Average grade of 39.0% Fe. Hangai Consists of hematite and magnetite in a jasper bed in clastic rock of Early to Middle Devonian Erdenetsogt Formation. The bed contains massive and striped hematite body 50 m by 300 m. The size of massive magnetite is 0.35 m by 75 m. Chemical composition is 55.75% Fe, 14.9-21.08% SiO2, 9.54-16.88% MnO, 1.2-1.33% MgO and 0.8-0.9% P2O5. A.K. Uphlyand and others, written commun., 1966. Mongolia L 47 6 Khokhbulgiin khondii 46 29 00N 46.4833333333333 99 36 00 E 99.6 Cu-Au Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Average grade of 5.6 g/t Au, 0.685% Cu. Resources of 8.8 tonnes Au, 10700 tonnes Cu. Bayanhongor Occurs adjacent to a late Paleozoic quartz diorite and granite stock with a K-Ar isotopic age of 252 Ma that intrudes the Neoproterozoic Burdgol Formation that consists of intercalated limestone, calcic sandstone, calcic shale, and sandstone. The skarn consists of five bodies that occur along the lower and the upper contacts of a metadiabase sill. Bodies are 2,040 m wide and 140-160 m long. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite and bornite and minor native gold. Gold ranges up to 0.5 mm diameter. The bodies consist of layers of skarn and hornfels. Layers in bodies range from 0.01 to 0.4 m in skarn, up to 0.8 m in hornfels, and up to 2.8 m in skarn. Skarn layers contain several ore minerals. Skarn consists of grossular-andradite, minor clinopyroxene and calcite, and rare vesuvianite in nests, and amphibole in narrow stringers. Skarn consists mostly of feldspar, scapolite, or epidote. Hornfels consists of masses of quartz, albite, and biotite. Primary ore minerals are native bismuth, bismuthine, arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, enargite, bornite, tetrademite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, vittihenite, pyrrhotite, and gold. Most gold occurs in gangue minerals and forms rounded, irregular, or stringers, and varies from less than 1 to 160 microns. Gold is also intergrown with with chalcopyrite and bornite, and rare arsenopyrite. Fineness of gold varies from 800 to 900%. Oxide ore minerals are chalcocite, covellite, malachite, azurite, and Fe oxides. D. Andreas and others, written commun., 1970; Watanabe and others, 1999. Mongolia L 47 7 Zuun-Arts 47 16 00N 47.2666666666667 96 40 00 E 96.6666666666667 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 7.1-26.0% P2O5. Tsagaanolom Consists of phosphorite in Vendian and Early Cambrian sedimentary rock. The phosphorite beds occur along strike for 15 km and range from 5 to 10 m thick. The phosphorite alternates with dolomite, chert, sandstone, aleurolite and argillaceous shale. The phosphorite is silicic and occur in layers, lenses and in clastic rock. Z. Zorzhnamzhaa, K. Kepezhinskas, and L.Ochir, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 47 8 Baruun-Arts 47 15 00 N 47.25 96 37 00 E 96.6166666666667 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 13.0-26.23% P2O5. Tsagaanolom Consists of phosphorites occurring in the upper part of the Tsagaanolom suite of Vendian age. The phosphorite-bearing bench is represented by dolomites, limestones, aleurolites, silicic and silicic-carbonate phosphorites. The thickness of the bench ranges from 11 to 12 m. The length reachs 15 km. The phosphorites have lenticular-banded texture. D. Dorzhnamzhaa, K. Kepezhinskas, and L. Ochir, written commun., 1977. Mongolia L 47 9 Tsagaantsakhir Uul 46 05 10N 46.0861111111111 100 03 00E 100.05 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Grade ranges from 1-645 g/t Au. Probable reserves of 15 tonnes Au. Bayanhongor Hosted iin Middle to Late Cambrian granodiorite and granite that intrudes early and middle Riphean schist of the Burd-gol Group. Also occurring is a late Paleozoic diorite stock and extensive diotite porphyry, gabbro porphyry and quartz porphyry dikes. The quartz veins contain veins with economic Au at four site. Deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, galena, bournonite, native gold, altaite, gessite and tellutium-busmuthine. D. Andreas and others, written commun., 1970; Jargalan and Fujimaki, 2000. Mongolia L 48 1 Ulaanburd 47 40 00N 47.6666666666667 107 40 00E 107.666666666667 Sn W Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Grade of 0.1-0.5% Sn. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of cassiterite-quartz veins related to the second stage of the Mesozoic (K-Ar age of 205 Ma) Janchivlan pluton that consists of muscovite-biotite granite that is medium-grained. with abundant quartz veinlets and greisen alteration. Zone of greisen-altered granite is 500-600 m long and 150-160 m wide. Sn minerals occur in quartz veinlets, rarely in greisen. Muscovite age from greisen is 205 Ma. Sn content is 0.005-0.01% in weakly altered granite, increase up to 0.1-0.5% in highly altered granite. Khasin, 1977. Mongolia L 48 10 Oortsog 47 53 00N 47.8833333333333 102 14 00E 102.233333333333 Cu, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Unknown Average grade of 4% Cu, 0.35%Ni, 0.14% Cr, 0.38 g/t Pt, 4-8 g/t Au. Bayangol Consists of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pentlandite disseminated in the Oortsog Uul bedded gabbro. The gabbro is concentricly zoned and consists of perdotite, pyroxenite, anortosite, gabbronorite, olivine gabbro, troctolite in an area of 5.0 sq. km. The thickness of the gabbro bed containing disseminated sulfides, ranges up to 100 m. Izokh and others, 1990; Ganbold, 1998; D. Jamsrandorj, written commun., 1995. Mongolia L 48 11 Suul-Undur 45 46 35N 45.7763888888889 107 57 30E 107.958333333333 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Medium Grade of 41.2-45.02% CaF2. Reserves of 1 438 400 tonnes ore. Resources of 90,000 tonnes ore. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of series of NW-SE-striking quartz-fluorite veins hosted in late Mesozoic volcanic rocks and Neoproterozoic carbonate rock. Quartz-fluorite veins are from 1.2 to 4.4 m thick and several hundreds meter long. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, kaolinite and calcite. Marinov and others, 1977; B. Baasan, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 48 12 Tamirgol 47 37 30N 47.625 102 10 00E 102.166666666667 Fe Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Medium Grade of 48% Fe, 1.18-5.86% Mn. Resources of 220-280 million tonnes. Tamirgol-Yoroogol Consists of 20 bodies of thin layers of magnetite and hematite with quartzite. Host rock is Riphean schist and quartzite deformed into a NW-trending, steeply-dipping isoclinal folds. Quartz-chlorite, quartz-biotite-chlorite, quartz-carbonate-chlorite and sericite schist are dominant. Deposit is mostly concordant with host rock, is steeply-dipping, is 300-1100 m long and 30-60 m thick. Gangue minerals are quartz, muscovite, chlorite and dolomite. Main deposit minerals are magnetite and hematite. Deposit contains from 0.07% to 0.4% P. Filippova and Vydrin, 1977. Mongolia L 48 13 Bayan Uul 2 46 41 00 N 46.6833333333333 104 52 45 E 104.879166666667 Cu Au, Ag, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Contact zone reserves of 300,000 tonnes Cu. Delgerhaan Consists of quartz-tourmaline-chalcopyrite veins in an area of pervasive sericite and argillic alteration. The deposit is hosted in an Jurassic volcanic-plutonic system that includes small porphyritic intrusions of diorite to granite. Alteration zone is nearly oval, is 3 km wide and extends northeast for 5 km. Major ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, and bornite, and peripheral sphalerite, galena, and Ag minerals. The deposit consists of stockwork veinlets and veins of quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite that occur in or near porphyritic intrusions. The veins contain mainly quartz and carbonate minerals. High-level intrusive porphyry is contemporaneous with abundant dikes, faults, and breccia pipes. Hydrothermal alteration zonation is centered on porphyry intrusion. Central part of alteration zone consists of K-feldspar and biotite alteration and is surrounded by phylitic, and peripheral propylitic alteration zones. Deposit at the surface contains > 0.1 wt% Cu, >0.002 wt % Mo, and >0.1 ppm Au over an area of 0.6k by 2.3 km. A zone 300 by 900 m contains >0.3 wt% Cu, 0.005 wt% Mo. Deposit occur in center of biotite and potassic alteration. Grades correlate positively with quartz veinlet intensity. In the southeastern area, a 40 m thick leached cap occurs with As, Sb, Bi, Pb minerals and minor secondary Cu. The dominance of sericite and advanced argillic and silica alterations and at the surface suggests a relatively shallow porphyry Cu system. An 39Ar/40Ar isotopic age is 220-233 Ma (Late Triassic). G.A. Dolgov written commun., 1984; Koval and others, 1989, Ariunbileg and Hosbayar, 1998; Lamb and Cox, 1998. Mongolia L 48 14 Baga Gazar 46 15 00 N 46.25 106 01 00 E 106.016666666667 Sn W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.18-0.5% Sn. Reserves of 889,344 tonnes ore with 2,685 tonnes Sn. Central Hentii Consists of complex Sn-W mineralization related to the Baga gazar granite pluton of early Mesozoic age (192-235 Ma, K-Ar age determination), hosted by South Khentei late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic depression, filled by terrigenous rocks interbeded with volcanics. Sn mineralization defined by: (1) quatz-topaz and biotite greisen (zwitter) occur in contact of pluton and central part of pluton; (2) thick and short quartz-micaceous veins with topaz, cassiterite and wolframite confined to the fracture zones. Zwitters have a zonal structure: biotite bearing alaskite, microclinized granite, biotite zwitter, topaz zwitter, quartz zone. Late hydrothermal mineralization forms thick quartz veinlets containing wolframite and sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, bismuthite and sphalerite). Kovalenko and others, 1971; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 15 Sharga Ovoo 46 10 49N 46.1802777777778 104 57 52E 104.964444444444 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 0.1-5.6 g/t Au. Battsengel-Uyanga-Erdenedalai Hosted in early Paleozoic gneissic granite and granodiorite that are intruded by granodiorite porphyry and diorite porphyry dikes and quartz veins. The quartz veins dip steeply, form a stockwork, occur along a NW-trending weak shear zone and form an en-echelon pattern. The stockwork consists of eight quartz veins quartz veinlets and local breccia varies from 40-300 m wide and 0.5-4.0 m thick. The host granite is silica-altered and cut by quartz stringers. The width of altered host rock varies from 1.0 to 20 m. Veins are white-grey and contain coarse-grained quartz with pyrite, limonite, rare gold. Gold ranges up to 2 mm and is mostly fine-grained. Local visible gold occurs along selvages, especially in lower selvages. Channel samples containfrom 0.1 to 5.6 g/t Au and rock chip samples contain up to 14.0-56.0 g/t Au. O. Jamyandorj and others, written commun., 1972. Mongolia L 48 16 Bilkh-Uul 45 24 40 N 45.4111111111111 106 47 30 E 106.791666666667 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Average grade of 40% CaF2. Reserves of 1,625,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a series of quartz-fluorite lenticular and veinlike bodies hosted in upper Proterozoic carbonate rocks. The size of quartz-fluorite bodies range from 12.5x54m to 10x235m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz,chalcedony, kaoline and calcite. Marinov and others, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; B. Baasan. written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 48 17 Zulegt 45 04 00N 45.0666666666667 107 39 00E 107.65 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Small Reserves of 0.96 million tonnes grading 6.28-10.65% graphite Tsenhermandal-Modot Consists of graphite quartzite and graphite skarn lenses that occur in intensely-deformed Proterozoicmetamorphic rock. The average thickness of the graphite-bearing quartzite bed is 20 m and the length is 100-150 m. The average graphite content is 3.91-7.86%. The graphite skarn occurs in about 200 bodies with a thickness of 0.1-11 m. Deposit contains phenorocrystalline and coarse squamosed types.Deposit age is interpreted as Proterozoic. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Milin and Stepanenko.,1967; P.Shaandar and others, written commun., 1992. Mongolia L 48 18 Kharmagtai 1 45 13 00N 45.2166666666667 106 58 00E 106.966666666667 Asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Medium Resources of 10,000 tonnes asbestos. Unassigned Consists of actinolite-asbestos and tremolite-asbestos in association with quartz-albite-epidote veins along contacts in skarn along contact between limestone and granite. The asbestos occurs in two areas that range from 4 to 1.5 m thick. The longest asbestos fiber is 3-4 cm. Y.S. Zhelubovskii, written commun., 1945; Marinov and others, 1977. Mongolia L 48 19 Tumurtei 45 13 00N 45.2166666666667 106 36 00E 106.6 Zn, Fe, Mo Cu, Ag, Pb Fe-Zn skarn Large Grade of 23% Fe, 2.1-3.0% Zn. Resources of 274,000 tonnes Zn, 10200 tonnes Mo. Govi-Ugtaal-Baruun-Urt Consists of numerous Fe-Zn-Mo calcic skarn bodies formed near the contact between Proterozoic limestone and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic subalkaline granite. Skarn and Zn-bearing bodies have lenticular morphlogy. Skarn zone is 720 m long, has thickness 3-10 m and extends down dip upto 300 m. The major minerals in the skarn include, andradite, hedenbergite, grossular, epidote, quartz and amphibole. Occurrence of these minerals are usually zoned. Major deposit minerals are sphalerite, molybdenite, hematite and magnetite. Yakovlev, 1977; Podlessky and others, 1988; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 48 2 Janchivlan (Buural khangai and Urt Gozgor) 47 34 00N 47.5666666666667 107 36 00E 107.6 Ta Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Unknown Grade of 0.001-0.011% Ta. Central Hentii Hosted in albite-lepidolite and amazonite-albite granite that occurs along the SW contact of the Mesozoic Janchivlan pluton that occurs along the NW-trending Ulaandavaa fault. Associated with the granite and deposit are microcline alteration, quartz-lepidolite greisen, albite metasomatite, quartz-muscovite greisen, and quartz veins. Granite consists of albite, quartz, lepidolite, amazonite, and microcline and topaz. Accessory minerals are fluorite, columbite, monazite, Pb-pyrochlore, zircon, and cassiterite. Grade from surface to depth of 100 m is 60 g/t Ta (Ta/Nb= 1.2), 600 g/t Li, 800 g/t Rb, and 50 g/t Sn. Kovalenko and others, 1971; Janchivlan, 1984; Ivanov and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 20 Modon-Us 44 33 00N 44.55 107 36 00E 107.6 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Small Reserves of 5,700 tonnes, grading 98.20% CaSO42H2O. Govi-Tamsag Consists of gypsum, anhydrite and calcite that occur in the Late Cretaceous Bayanshire formation. Gypsum thickness is 3-15 cm. The lenticular interbedded gypsum contains only selenite. Alekseichik, written commun., 1942; Shaandar and others, 1992; Ganbaatar, 1999. Mongolia L 48 21 Khongoot 44 03 41N 44.0613888888889 107 51 31E 107.858611111111 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Medium Resources of one ore zone of 39, 000 tonnese Cu, grading 0.31% Cu. Harmagtai-Hongoot-Oyut Host rock consists of Late Carboniferous granodiorite diorite and quartz-diorite massif that intrude Early Carboniferous volcanic and sedimentary units. Associated alteration zone varies from 50 to 60 m wide, and extends for several hundred m. Deposit consists of four main zones. Each deposit on the surface is about 300-650 m long and 100 m wide, and occurs along a NW-trending, steeply-dipping fault. Chalcopyrite, bornite, malachite, pyrite, and hematite are major ore minerals, and chalcocite, covillite, molybdenite are minor ore minerals. Oxidation minerals are malachite, azurite, and cuprite. In richer part of deposit, Cu ranges up to 3% and averages 0.1-0.5%. Average concentration of Cu for in the 4 deposits is 0.3%. One deposit has a resource of 39 thousand tonnes Cu, and averages 0.31% Cu. Ore minerals occur mainly along the internal contact of Khongoot granodiorite massif. Deposits exhibits local intense silica, potassic, sericite, chlorite, and epidote alterations. Potassic alteration mainly developed in host intrusive rock in deeper part of deposit. Sotnikov and others, 1985; Blagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977; L. Sharkhuu, written commun., 1978; Shirbakov and others, 1986. Mongolia L 48 22 Taragt 45 02 00N 45.0333333333333 104 29 00E 104.483333333333 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Small Production and reserves of 0.58 million tonnes grading 70-87% CaSO4. Govi-Tamsag Consists of gypsum in Late Cretaceous Bayanshiree formation. The size of gypsum-concretions is variable from 10-15 cm to 30 cm. Gypsum content is a 70-87% CaSO2 H2O. Average thickness is 2.5-3 m. Deposit age is interpreted as Late Cretaceous. K.P. Atabekiyants, written commun., 1961; Shaandar and others, 1992. Mongolia L 48 23 Shiree Uul (Taragt-2) 45 02 00N 45.0333333333333 104 20 00E 104.333333333333 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Small Production and reserves of 4.5 million tonnes, grading 83-84% gypsum. Govi-Tamsag Consists of gypsum and calcite concretions that occur in Tertiary sedimentary rock. The gypsum thickness is 1 m. The size of gypsum concretions range from 30-40 cm. Deposit age interpreted as middle and late Oligocene. Osokhbayar, 1987; Shaandar and others, 1992; D. Begzsuren, written commun., 1999; Ganbaatar, 1999. Mongolia L 48 24 Dugshih hudag 44 19 00N 44.3166666666667 105 25 50E 105.430555555556 Sr Sedimentary celestite Unknown Average grade of 35.27% Sr. Govi-Tamsag Consists of celestite crystals and disk-shaped concretions in mudstone of the Khohteeg Formation of Early Cretaceous age. The disk-shaped concretions range from 4 to 12 cm diameter and from 2-5 cm thick and contains 8.88% Sr. In addition to the concretions, small lenses (up to 20 m by 1.5 m) of celestite occur with 35.27% Sr. V.I. Goldenberg and others, written commun.,1978. Mongolia L 48 25 Kharmagtai 2 44 01 55N 44.0319444444444 106 08 40E 106.144444444444 Cu Mo, Au, Ag Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Resources of 0.8 million tonnes Cu grading 0.35% Cu. Harmagtai-Hongoot-Oyut Hosted in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian diorite and granodiorite that intrude Devonain tuff, andesite, and tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone. The ore minerals are chalcopyrite, covellite, bornite, and molybdenite. Oxidation minerals are malachite, azurite, and cuprite. Associated minerals are pyrite and magnetite, and peripheral sphalerite, galena, and gold. Deposit is related to subvolcanic bodies of diorite and granodiorite porphyry in two stocks and bodies explosive breccia. Each body ranges from 200 to 400 m wide, dnd up to 900 m long. Surface grades are 0.05-0.4% Cu and 0.003-0.03% Mo over an area of 400 by 900 m. A zone 100 by 300 m contains >0.3 wt% Cu. Deposit extends at least to a depth of 250 m and is defined by stockwork veinlets of quartz with chalcopyrite and molybdenite that occur across the breccia pipe. Hydrothermal alteration minerals are weakly developed silica, sericite, K feldspar, chorite, epidote, and tourmaline. Sericite, potassic, and silicic alterations occur in the center of alteration zone, and chlorite and epidote alteration occurs along the periphery. Potassic alteration occurs mainly in the deeper part of deposit. Deposit is not well studied. Yakovlev, 1977; Sotnikov and others, 1985. Mongolia L 48 26 Dorvon Dert 44 27 00N 44.45 104 43 00E 104.716666666667 Be Be tuff Small Grade of 40-50 g/t Be. Mushgaihudag-Olgiihiid Consists of Be-bearing felsic tuff, which underlies rhyolite. Tuff is white, inequigranular, and layered. Be content is 40-50 g/t . Be-bearing mineral is bertrandite. Kovalenko and Koval, 1984. Mongolia L 48 27 Olon Ovoot 44 22 21N 44.3725 104 09 42E 104.161666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 2.3 g/t Au. Reserves of 1,170kg Ulziit Deposit hosted in Silurian Mandal Ovoo Formation siliceous sandstone and mudstone that are intruded by syn-orogenic gabbro and diorite and diorite sill bodies. Gold deposit occurs in altered quartzic diorite, sericite-quartz replacement and in quartz veins. Quartzic diorite is altered to epidote, chlorite, sericite and carbonate. Sericite-quartz replacement consists of quartz (40%), sericite (30-40%), carbonate and deposit minerals (up to 20%). Quartz veins consist of white, partly limonite-altered, massive and breccia texture quartz containing up to 10% carbonates and up to 2% deposit mineralsMmore than 10 quartz veins occur in 0.5 km by 0.2 km area of sublatitudinal orientation. Maximum size of a vein is 0.7 m thick and 80 m long. The shape of main the Tsagaantolgoi vein is saddle reef. Filling temperature of fluid inclusions ranges from 1480C to 3560C, at average 2560 C. Main deposit mineral is pyrite, rare gold. The size of gold grains ranges from 0.005 x 0.05 mm to 0.4 x 0.7 mm. L. Dorligjav and others, written commun., 1993; Sillitoe and others, 1996; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Dejidmaa, 1996; Dejimaa and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 28 Bayan Khoshuu 44 24 00 N 44.4 104 03 00 E 104.05 Ba TR, Sr, P, Fe Barite vein Large Reserves of 223,000 tonnes grading 0.95% BaSO4. Unassigned Consists of barite veins and veinlets occurring in carbonate bodies related to an alkali syenite intrusive. The barite veins are associated with the Late Jurassic rare earth element deposit Mushgai hydag. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Samoylov and Kovalenko, 1983. Mongolia L 48 29 Mushgai hudag 44 24 00N 44.4 104 03 00E 104.05 REE Sr, Ba, P, F,Fe REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Large Reserves of 200 million tonnes grading 1.5% REE, 441,000 tonnes grading 0.88-14% P2O5, 223,000 tonnes grading 0.95% BaSO4, and 220,000 tonnes grading 0.9% Sr. Resources of 1.2 million tonnes Fe, 5.2 million tonnes of gypsum and anhydrite. Mushgaihudag-Olgiihiid Spatially and genetically related to a Late Jurassic volcanic and plutonic complex with a Rb-Sr isochron age of 139.9 Ma,. The complex intrudes late Paleozoic granite and middle and late Paleozoic carbonate and clastic sedimentary rock. The volcanic rock consists of nepheline melleucetite-melanephelinite, subalkaline trachyte, trachyte-trachyrhyodacite and trachyte-latite. The intrusive rock consist of shonkynite dike and nepheline and quartz-bearing syenite. Seventeen minor bodies spaced 100-1200 m apart occur in stocks, pillars, pipes, lenses and veins that extend to 50-150 m downdip. The bodies consist of REE minerals with anomalous Sr, Ba, P, F, F and Fe. REE assemblages are: apatite-bastnasite carbonatite and apatite carbonatite. The carbonatite consist of eruptive breccia with carbonate cement that comprises 15-30% the rock and consists of calcite, fluorite, celestine and apatite. Deposit minerals correlated with volume of cement. Vein carbonatite have a similar composition. Carbonate-fluorite and fluorite veins are REE-rich. Apatite veins are low in REE. Veins occur in stocks or large bodies of magnetite-apatite, apatite, phlogopite-apatite, feldspar-apatite and syenite-apatite. Grade ranges from 1.0-13.5% TR2O3 and averages 2.1% TR2O3 in apatite-rich masses. Samoylov and Kovalenko, 1983; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996, Munkhtsengel and Iizumi, 1999. Mongolia L 48 3 Bayan Ovoo 47 03 00 N 47.05 107 45 00 E 107.75 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Average grade of 0.2% Sn, 0.5% WO3. Central Hentii Consists of cassiterite-wolframite-quartz veins related to medium-grained granite pluton. Zone 200 m long and 10-12 m wide contains thick quartz veins with rare impregnation of cassiterite crystals and quartz lenses with wolframite mineralization. Some quartz bodies reach 7-8 m and stretch to 60 m. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 30 Khorimt khudag 44 20 58N 44.3494444444444 104 06 40E 104.111111111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Average grade of 1.44 g/t Au, 0.6 -1.7 g/t Ag. Ulziit Occurrence hosted in Silurian Mandal Ovoo Formation containing siliceous sandstone and mudstone that is intruded by syn-orogenic gabbro and diorite and diorite sill bodies. There are distributed sublatitudinal-trending, steep (60-800) to N dipping, parallel located, up to 2.0 m thick and up to 200 m long quartz veins. Seven major veins occur in 4 zones with dimensions of 200 m by 1200 m. Visible gold occurs in veins. Host rock is altered to silica, carbonate and sericite at width from 4.0 m to 12.0 m and at length up to 850 m. The grade of Au ranges from 1.44 to 16.58 g/t and of Ag from 0.6 to 1.7 g/t in channel samples. Filling temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz, is 138-2320 C.Main deposit minerals are pyrite, galena, malachite and gold. Total sulphides are approximately 2%. L.V, Zabotkin and others, written commun., 1983; L. Dorligjav and others, written commun., 1993. Mongolia L 48 31 Teg uul 44 19 00N 44.3166666666667 104 07 00E 104.116666666667 Be Be tuff Small Average grade of 100 g/t Be. Mushgaihudag-Olgiihiid Consists of Be in late Mesozoic tuffs that contains fragments of rhyolite, ongorhyolite, quartz, feldspar and rare fluorite. Tuff underlying ongonite is white, layered and covers an area of 1 sq.km. Be content ranges from 0.01% to 0.5% BeO. Deposit is small with an average grade of 100 g/t Be. Kovalenko and others, 1977, Kovalenko and Koval, 1984. Mongolia L 48 32 Khotgor 44 07 00N 44.1166666666667 104 40 00E 104.666666666667 REE Sr REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Small Average grade of 15.17% REE, 0.1% Sr. Mushgaihudag-Olgiihiid Consists of leucocratic trachyte, breccia, porphyritic fayaite veins and apatite-magnetite and celestine veins. REE content of 15.17%, Sr 0.1%. Kuznetsov and others, 1986. Mongolia L 48 4 Avdrant 47 38 00 N 47.6333333333333 105 26 00 E 105.433333333333 Ta Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE Unknown Average grade of 0.007% Ta, 0.008% Nb. Central Hentii Occurs in the upper part of a Mesozoic granite pluton with a K-Ar isotopic age of 222-172 Ma, and in dikes in acjadent host rock. The albite-amazonite granite occurs in a rim of alaskiteor in the core of the pluton, is medium-grained, and composed of amazonite, albite, quartz and zinnwaldite. The amazonite-albite granite contains 330-1400 g/t Li, 6-75 g/t Ta, and 76-350 g/t Nb. Kovalenko and others, 1971. Mongolia L 48 5 Chuluut tsagaan del 46 58 20N 46.9722222222222 107 14 00E 107.233333333333 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Grade of 34.8-51.8% CaF2, Production of 650,000 tonnes. Reserves of 2,678,000 tonnes ore, Resources of 294,000 tonnes ore. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of series of quartz-fluorite veinlike and lenticular bodies occurring in altered zones with host Proterozoic carbonate and slate intruded by late Paleozoic granitoids. of host rocks that represented by silicification, ahd fluoritization. The size of the silica and fluorite alteration zone is 1000x3300m. The size of ore body is up to10-95mx430m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, and calcite. Marinov, 1977; B. Baasan, written commun., 1990, Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 6 Urt Gozgor 46 34 00N 46.5666666666667 107 32 00E 107.533333333333 Li, Ta, Nb Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Average grade of 0.347% Li, 0.014% Ta. Central Hentii Consists of Li minerals in an area 1.35 x 300 m in albite-lepidolite granite. Granite is highly altered to greisen with albite-topaz-lepidolite, albitite and quartz veinlets. Kovalenko and others, 1971, Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 7 Ikh Khairkhan 46 55 00N 46.9166666666667 105 56 00E 105.933333333333 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Production of 8,435 tonnes WO3. Mined out. Ikh-Hairhan Consists of quartz-wolframite veins related to the late Mesozoic Baga Kharikhan pluton and occurs in the contact zone. Deposit includes four zones in a NE to N-trending zone that ranges up to 3 km long and 2 to 5 m wide. There are 14 quartz-wolframite veins and shoots that extend to a depth of 200 m. Five stages are distinguished: (1) beryl, quartz, muscovite, and fluorite with wolframite; (2) quartz-feldspar, fluorite, muscovite, wolframite, scheelite, and cassiterite; (3) sulfides, molybdenite, bismuthite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite; (4) quartz, feldspar, fluorite, muscovite, scheelite, and superimposed wolframite; and (5) pyrophylite and calcite. These stages consist of assemblages of muscovite-fluorite, quartz-muscovite-wolframite, sulfide, quartz-wolframite and pyrophylite-carbonate. Alterations are mainly silica, sericite, pyrite, and greisen alterations. A K-Ar muscovite age from quartz-wolframite veins is 126+5 Ma, close to age of the granite. Khasin 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 8 Ongon Khairhan 47 03 00N 47.05 105 10 00E 105.166666666667 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Resources of 10,000 tonnes WO3. grading 0.13-6.59 WO3. Ikh Hairhan Consists of quartz-wolframite veins and W-stockwork that occur in metamorphosed and cleaved Devonian sandstone, siltstone and shale. These rocks are the roof the Ongonkharirkhan pluton that crop out 3-5 km W and SW of deposit. By geophysical data pluton occurs depth of 500-600 m. Quartz-wolframite veins are from 27 to 200 m long and from 0.1 to 2.0 m thick and mainly controlled by sublatitudinal and submeridional faults. Two types occur: quartz-wolframite veins and stockwork with fine-grained disseminations that are controlled by submeridional or sublatitudonal faults Khasin 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 48 9 Ongon Khairkhan 47 03 00N 47.05 105 10 00E 105.166666666667 Ta, Li Rb, Nb Ta-Li ongonite Small Ta 162 g/t; Nb 18-128 g/t Li 2,780 ppm. Ikh Hairhan Consists of ongonite dikes and stockwork W minerals with Sn, Nb and Ta. Ongonite consists of porphyritic rock with albite, quartz, K-feldspar, Li-mica and topaz phenocrysts set in a fine-grained groundmass, locally with glass. Amazonite ongonite dikes contain 0.08% Ta, the richest are aphyric dikes. Stockwork W deposit is superimposed by ongonite. Kovalenko and others, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 1 Aryn nuur 47 13 00 N 47.2166666666667 113 57 00 E 113.95 Mo Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Grade of 0.1% Mo (range of 0.03-0.57% Mo), and 0.02-0.154% Cu. Production of 25,800 tonnes Mo. Govi-Ugtaal-Baruun-Urt Consists of linear zones of molybdenum stringer impregnation associated with metasomatic alteration of Permian granite stock: K-feldspatization, albitization and greisenization. North-south trending stockworks are up to 1000 m long and up to 600 m wide with mineralization spread up to 300 m. Ore minerals are pyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, less common sphalerite, magnetite, fahlore, chalcocite, galena, wolframite and cassiterite. Quartz, feldspars, muscovite, little fluorite, epidote, topaz, topaz and garnet dominate gangue minerals. Khasin, 1977; Kovalenko and others, 1986; Jargalsaihan and others, 1995. Mongolia L 49 10 Tumurtiin-Ovoo 46 48 10N 46.8027777777778 113 19 20E 113.322222222222 Zn, Fe Cd, In Fe-Zn skarn Large Grade of 17% Fe, 9.9-13.1% Zn. Resources of 750,000 tonnes Zn, 1770 tonnes Cd. Govi-Ugtaal-Baruun-Urt Consists of a calcic skarn that occurs along the contact between Devonian limestone and a Mesozoic subalkaline granite. The skarn is elongated to the NW, dips concordantly with host rock to the SW. The skarn extends for about 800 m along strike, 480 m downdip in the central part and 200-230 m downdip on the eastern and western flanks. Average thickness is 14 m. The major minerals are, andradite, hedenbergite, grossular, epidote, quartz and wollastonite. Deposit is zoned and the major deposit minerals are sphalerite and magnetite. Yakovlev, 1977; Podlessky and others, 1988; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 49 11 Mongon Ondor 47 50 00N 47.8333333333333 110 11 00E 110.183333333333 Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 102-187 g/t Ag, 1.52-2.18% Pb, 1.21-1.95% Zn, 0.11-0.1385 % Sn. Reserves of 1050.5 tonnes Ag, 155,100 tonnes Pb, 135,400 tonnes Zn, and 9,900 tonnes Sn. Resources of 2162.2 tonnes Ag, 209,600 tonnes Pb, 152,500 tonnes Zn, 13,100 tonnes Sn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurs on S and SE marginal part of the Ondortsagaan Mo-W deposit. Pb-Zn-Sn bodies occur between the areas and include Mo-W and the Ag-Sb minerals. Ag-Sb bodies consist of quartz-carbonate veins that dip steeply (50-90ø) and range from 0.3 m to 3.0 m thick and 1.0-1.2 km long. Veins extend 300-350 m downdip as defined by drill holes. Main deposit minerals are perargerite, fraibergite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, pyrrhotite. The bodies No.1 and No. 3 located in the central part and the No. 7 located in SE part of the deposit, are most important ones and they include approximately 42% estimeted reserves. Host rock consist of Early Devonian shale with sandstone and siltstone beds, intruded by a stock and dikes of gabbro. Quartz-amphibole-chlorite-feldspar composition replacement is widely developed in area with Pb-Zn-Sn minerals. Argillic alteration is widely developed in host shale in surrounding halos of Ag-Sb-bearing quartz-carbonate and carbonate veins. Ripp and Sudakov, 1991; Dejidmaa and others, 1992; Murao and others, 1998. Mongolia L 49 12 Salaa 46 43 36N 46.7266666666667 113 26 00E 113.433333333333 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small WO3 2244.5 t Central Mongolia Consists of wolframite-quartz and sulfide-wolframite-quartz veins related to small Mesozoic granite stock (K-Ar isotopic age of 205 Ma). Stock consists of leucocratic and porphyritic granite. Host rock is Permian granitoids and Early and Middle Devonian deposits. There are 12 NW-trending veins 100 to 400-500 m long, 0.5-3.3 m wide, that extend 40-60 m downdip. Deposit minerals are wolframite, rare sulfides: pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Dominant alteration is greisen alteration that consists of granite altered to quartz-muscovite greisen. Ivanova, 1976; Khasin, 1977. Mongolia L 49 13 Tsagaan chuluut 47 45 00N 47.75 110 10 00E 110.166666666667 Mo Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Grade of 0.02-0.6% Mo. Resource of 53,000 tonnes Mo. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of stringer and stringer disseminated Mo minerals in Carboniferous altered granodiorite and associated with Jurassic granite porphyry dikes. Mo minerals occur in a stockwork of 800 X 700 m and deposit extends to a depth of 280 m. Alteration consists of argillite alteration, chlorite alteration and silica alteration. The upper part of stockwork is oxidized and leached to a depth of 30-50 m with argillite alteration and limonitization (jasperoids) Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Murao and others, 1998. Mongolia L 49 14 Zaan shiree 47 15 00N 47.25 111 35 00E 111.583333333333 Sn Zn, Cu Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 0.14% Sn. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of Sn-silicate-sulfide veins and veinlets in tourmaline-altered breccia of Middle and Late Jurassic felsite porphyry, that compose relic volcanic structure. Host rock is granite highly argillite-altered and enriched by Sn. Tourmaline-altered breccia contain Sn, Cu, Bi and As. Vein minerals are quartz, tourmaline, chlorite, carbonate, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and molybdenite. Khasin, 1977; Kovalenko and others, 1986. Mongolia L 49 15 Bees 47 56 00N 47.9333333333333 109 12 00E 109.2 W WñMoñBe skarn Small 0.01-0.3% Sn, 0.03-1.26% WO3. Central Hentii Consists of bed-like W skarn bodies that occur in the northern contact of the Mesozoic Modot granite pluton with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, including crystalline schists and marbles. Skarn bodies are 1.2-2 km long and 3.5-7.0 m wide, and composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, garnet and vesuvian. Scheelte mineralization is accompanied by small amount of molybdenite, sphalerite and pyrite. Postskarn minerals are quartz, plagioclase, epidote and actinolite. Podlessky and others, 1988. Mongolia L 49 16 Modot 47 50 00N 47.8333333333333 109 05 00E 109.083333333333 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Production of 300 tonnes WO3. Central Hentii Consists of Sn-W quartz veins related to Mesozoic granite pluton with a K-Ar isotopic age of 175-199 Ma. The pluton intrudes Vendian and Early Cambrian metamorphic rock, Paleozoic granitoids and Permian molasse. Deposit occurs along the pluton margin in the pluton or in adjacent hornfels. The veins dip gently and strike NW to N. Some veins dip steeply. The deposit minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Greisen alteration occurs. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 17 Khujkhan 47 46 00N 47.7666666666667 109 13 00E 109.216666666667 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 698 ppm Mo, 155 ppm WO3. Central Hentii Consists of Sn-W veins and greisen in the upper part of the Mesozoic Modot pluton, composed of coarse-medium-grained biotite granite. Granite contain abundant xenolithes of host Permian sedimentary rock metamorphsed to hornfels, also dikes of fine-grained pegmatoid granite, aplite and lamprophyre. Greisen bodies occur in mainly NE-trending zone. Deposits range up to 1 km long and 0.5 m wide. Quartz-muscovite and muscovite greisen predominates with subordinate topaz-fluorite-muscovite and protolithionite. Deposit minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, molybdenite, locally later stage pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and sphalerite. Alteration is greisen and quartz formation. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 18 Bayan Mod 47 49 20 N 47.8222222222222 109 02 50 E 109.047222222222 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 400 g/m3 Sn. Reserves of 2,090 tonnes. Central Hentii Consists of quartz-cassiterite-topaz vein, and rare quartz-wolframite veins related to western contact of the Mesozoic Modot pluton. Host rocks are foliated and dislocated upper Proterozoic schists, which are limonitized with abundant tourmaline bearing pegmatite veins. Mineralization occurs in northeast trending zone up to 1.5 km wide. Within area of 5-6 km there are veinlets and veins with topaz-cassiterite and wolframite mineralization. Veins have gentle dip and are up to 2-5 cm, sometimes up to 10-20 cm wide. Veins contain quartz, cassiterite, topaz, muscovite, wolframite and rare fluorite, very rare arsenopyrite. Greisenization is common. Small mine. Khasin, 1977. Mongolia L 49 19 Baruuntsogt 46 43 00 N 46.7166666666667 111 43 00 E 111.716666666667 Ta Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Unknown Grade of 0.003% Ta (western part), 0.006-0.017% Ta (eastern, not exposed). East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of Mesozoic granite pluton (K-Ar isotopic age of 168 Ma) that intrudes Permian sedimentary rock and Early-Middle Jurassic volcanic rock. Granite pluton has zonal structure. Microcline-albite, amazonite-albite and pegmatoid amazonite granite occurs in the upper part of pluton and also occurs in the host rocks in apophyses. Greisen alteration occurs in granite followed by W mineralization. Kovalenko and others, 1971. Mongolia L 49 2 Tumen Tsogt 47 38 15N 47.6375 112 08 30E 112.141666666667 W WñMoñBe skarn Medium Grade 0.22-0.5% WO3. Reserves of 60 million tonnes ore with 143 tonnes WO3. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of W veins in multiple skarn bodies related to granite pluton. Skarn occurs in the weakly eroded zone where late Mesozoic Kharyamaat and Sharkhad plutons intrude Neoproterozoic host rock and Permian siliceous volcanic rocks. Mined from 1944-1957. Khasin, 1977; Kovalenko and others, 1986. Mongolia L 49 20 Tugalgatain nuruu 47 17 00N 47.2833333333333 109 46 00E 109.766666666667 Zn, Pb, Sn, Ag Cu, Cd Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Grade of 1.8-7.8% Pb, 1.4-8.4% Zn, 0.01% Sn. Resources of 250,000 tonnes (Pb+Zn). East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The depost consists of a series of zones in the Devonian silica-altered sedimentary rock. The size of zones ranges from 3-4x 500 m to 50x1000 m. The zones contain bodies of complex inner structure with obscure boundaries. Bodies are quartz-carbonate-sulfide and carbonate-sulfide in composition. The structure is disseminated and stringer-laden. The host rock is reworked into carbonate-sericite, carbonate-muscovite-sericite and sericite-chlorite metasomatite. Sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrargyrite and cassiterite are major deposit minerals. Chalcopyrite, scheellite, stannite, pyrrhotite are subordinate. Major gangue minerals consist ofquartz, sericite, muscovite, chlorite and calcite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 49 21 Galshar 46 33 40N 46.5611111111111 110 58 44E 110.978888888889 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Medium Grade of 60-80% CaF2. Production of 185 000 tonnes ore. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 4 quartz-fluorite veins hosted in an EW-trending, steeply-dipping fracture zone in Early Cretaceous sedimentary rock. The size of quartz-fluorite bodies varies from 0.4 mx200 m to 6.6 mx550 m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, barite, adularia, and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 22 Itgel Naidvar 46 54 00N 46.9 108 05 00E 108.083333333333 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Large Reserves of 1 million tonnes grading 30-40% graphite. Tsenhermandal-Modot Consists of graphite occurring in quartz-graphite and andalusite-muscovite schist.Thickness of graphite-bearing schist ranges up to 200 m, with 16 beds of graphite-bearing horizons varying from 0.5-10 m thick. and 2-60 m wide. The graphite occurs in disseminations in schist or in fine-grained lenses. Content of carbon varies from 11.13 to 12.41%. Deposit age is interpreted as Neoproterozoic. Kleiner and others, 1977; P. Shaandar and others, written commun., 1992; Jargalsaikan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 23 Khajuu Ulaan 46 16 00N 46.2666666666667 109 53 30E 109.891666666667 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Medium Average grade of 74.7% CaF2. Production of 500,000 tonnes ore. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 5 quartz-fluorite veins hosted in an EW-trending, steeply-dipping, altered zone of host rock with quartz-sericite-kaoline-chlorite-fluorite alteration. The host rock is Triassic granite intruded by granite porphyry. The altered zone is 2,500 m long and 20 m thick. The size of quartz-fluorite veins ranges from 3.3x400 m to 6.3x850 m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, kaoline, and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 24 Nars 44 55 00N 44.9166666666667 113 33 00E 113.55 U Sediment-hosted U Medium Average grade of 0.052% U with range of 0.01%-0.1% U. Reserves of 1,000 tonnes U. Govi-Tamsag Occurs in the Sainshand depression, in Early Cretaceous sandstone formation with siltstone and conglomerate horizons. The summary thickness of the formation is approximately 1500 m. Uranium minerals occur in weakly cemented sandstone and conglomerate beds with a thickness of 30-75 m to 80-110 m and of length from 800 m to 1700 m and of width from 100 m to 400 m. Bodies are tabular, or lenticular of thickne from 0.3 m to 7.0 m. Deposit minerals are nasturan-keritite, uranite and nasturan-coffinite. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996, Ochirbat, 1998; Geology and mineral resources of Mongolia, 1999. Mongolia L 49 25 Bor-Undur 46 15 50N 46.2638888888889 109 26 10E 109.436111111111 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Average grade of 49.2% CaF2. Production of 10,000,000 tonnes (ore) East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of quartz-fluorite veins in west-east and northeast-southwest trending, steeply-dipping fracture zones hosted in lower Cretaceous volcanic rocks. The size of mineralized fracture zones ranged from 5mx1 000m to 12mx8000m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, barite, and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 26 Khokh Del Uul 46 01 00N 46.0166666666667 108 51 00E 108.85 Ta, Nb Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Grade of 0.003-0.016% Ta, 0.005-0.014% Nb Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of Sn-bearing pegmatite veins that occur in an area of 6 sq.km. in Precambrian schist and Devonian granitoids of the Middle Gobi basement. About 25 pegmatite bodies occur, trend NE or NW, and are from 50 to 300 m long, and 1-10 m wide. The mineral assemblages are: tourmaline (schorl)-Li-muscovite-microcline-albite; topaz-microcline-lepidolite-albite with Mn-apatite or with cassiterite and accessory beryl; and elbaite-lepidolite-albite. Ta and Nb are concentrated in tantalite, columbite, microlite pyrochlore, and cassiterite (up to 2-3%). Greisen and albite alterations are common. Kovalenko and others, 1971. Mongolia L 49 27 Khar Airag 45 49 00N 45.8166666666667 109 19 43E 109.328611111111 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Medium Average grade of 52.45% CaF2. Production of 132,000 tonnes. Reserves of 2,000 tonnes CaF2. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of series of quartz-fluorite veins in EW-trending, steeply-dipping, quartz-kaolinite alteration zones. Host rock is Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous volcanic rock. Quartz-fluorite bodies are 115-195 m long, 4.3-7.2 m thick, and extend 80-120 m down dip. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz,chalcedony, kaolinite, and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 28 Ikh Nartyn Khiid 45 40 30N 45.675 109 35 30E 109.591666666667 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Grade of 0.4-0.6% WO3. Production of 568 tonnes WO3. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a series of quartz-fluorite veins hosted in a NW-trending, steeply-dipping Jurassic subalkaline granitoid. The zone is 8 m by 5000 m. Quartz-fluorite veins are several tens of m long, 0.15-0.30 m thick, and ext 20-60 m downdip. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 29 Bujgar 45 48 30N 45.8083333333333 109 10 17E 109.171388888889 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Grade of 29.5-47.4% CaF2. Reserves of 266,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of series of quartz-fluorite lenticular and veinlike bodies hosted in west-east trending, steeply-dipping, mineralized zones. The host rocks are represented by Proterozoic carbonate and terrigenous rocks intruded by late Paleozoic subalkaline granitoid. The size of quartz-fluorite bodies vary from 9x110m to 15x160m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz,chalcedony and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 3 Tumentsogt 47 38 00N 47.6333333333333 112 08 00E 112.133333333333 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Resources of 1043 tonnes WO3 in main deposit. In West Tumentsogt deposit, resources of 2302 tonnes WO3. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of wolframite and molybdenite related to a Mesozoic granite pluton that consists of coarse-grained porphyritic granite and fine-and medium-grained leucocratic granite. Deposit occurs in granite porphyry and fine-grained granite that intrude porphyritic granite. Greisen formed during alteration of coarse-grained porphyritic granite and rarely in fine-grained granite. Greisen bodies are irregular and extend to a depth of 150 m. Quartz-muscovite and muscovite form the core of greisen bodies along with assemblages of muscovite, fluorite-muscovite, molybdenite-muscovite and rare beryl-muscovite. Pyrite and scheelte also occur. Muscovite contains anomalous Li, Rb and Cs. Also occurring are pegmatite, veins and albitite. Khasin, 1977; Kovalenko and others, 1986. Mongolia L 49 30 Ikh Zelend 45 43 00N 45.7166666666667 108 44 00E 108.733333333333 W As W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.23% Sn. Resources of 438.9 tonnes Sn, 5.8 tonnes WO3. Central Hentii Consists of a W vein related to a Mesozoic granite pluton (with a K-Ar isotopic age of 131 Ma) that intrudes Neoproterozoic-Vendian Cambrian carbonate and Paleozoic granite. Deposit occurs in the upper part of the pluton that is composed of medium-grained granite. An area of 10 sq.km. contains about 53 veins with a NE trend and steep SE dip. Veins form three subparallel zones and are from 25 to 500 m long, and tens of cm to 17 m wide. Ore minerals are wolframite, scheelite, fluorite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, felspar, and muscovite. Dominant alterations are argillite, silica, and rare sericite alterations. Also occurring are pegmatite with beryl crystals with elevated Ta and Nb, and a skarn with scheelite related to the Ikh Nartyn Khiid pluton. Khasin, 1977; Ivanova, 1976; Kovalenko and others, 1986. Mongolia L 49 31 Haraat 45 38 00N 45.6333333333333 108 18 00E 108.3 U Sediment-hosted U Medium Grade of 0.01-0.2% U. Reserves of 22,700 tonnes U. Govi-Tamsag Hosted in the Early Cretaceous Choir Graben. Surface area is over 100 sq.km. The host rock is intercalated sandstone and siltstone ranging from 0.2-20 m thick. Deposit bed is approximately horizontal, 20 km long, 0.5-2.0 km wide, ranges from 1.0 to 30 m thick, and is covered by 0.5 m to 45 m of barren rock. Two explored bodies are 400 m and 2,500 m long, range from 50-300 m wide, and from 1.0 to 12.0 m thick. Ore minerals are nasturan (pitchblende), autunite, and torbernite. The average grade of uranium ranges from 0.01-0.04% U to 0.05-0.2% U, partly 1.2-4.0% U. Uranium ore contains 0.02-0.3% Ce, 0.017-0.17% La, 0.7-60 g/t Sc, 25-30 g/t Y, 2-12 g/t Yb, 0.1-8 g/t Re, 10-90 g/t Ge and up to 0.03% Mo, up to 0.01% Se and up to 3.0 g/t Ag. In siti leach mining method was successfully tested. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Ochirbat, 1998; Wetz and others, 1999. Mongolia L 49 32 Urgen 1 44 47 00N 44.7833333333333 110 45 00E 110.75 Zeolite Volcanic-hosted zeolite Medium Range of 10-80% zeolite, Govi-Tamsag Consists of Early Cretaceous zeolite beds in area that is 1.25x0.9 km and a thickness of 250 m. Can be broken into three productive horizons with a content of 70-90% zeolite (clinoptilolite). Zeolite replaces glass in tuff, tuffite and other tufficeous series. Its content is 10-80%. Clastic materials contain quartz, plagioclase, biotite, zircon, amethist, quartz phorphyry. Clinoptilolite associated with opal, calcedony, calcium and gypsum. Petrova and Amarjargal, 1996. Mongolia L 49 33 Urgen 2 44 42 05N 44.7013888888889 110 44 05E 110.734722222222 CaF2 Carbonate-hosted fluorspar Large Range of 40-68% CaF2. Reserves of 300,000 tonnes CaF2. Resources of 6,400,000 tonnes CaF2. Unassigned Consists of series of quartz-fluorite lense and veinlike bodies hosted in NE-SW-trending altered zone of host rock that contain quartz-fluorite-calcite alteration. The host rock is Proterozoic carbonate and Permian granite. The size of quartz-fluorite bodies are from 20 mx120 m to 40x600 m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz,chalcedony and calcite. Kleiner and others, 1977; D. Erdene, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 34 Oortsog ovoo 45 34 00N 45.5666666666667 108 06 00E 108.1 Sn,Pb,Zn W, Bi, Au, Ag Sn skarn Medium Reserves are 39.200 tonnes Sn, 11,500 tonnes Zn, and 1.500 tonnes Cu. Grades are 0.02-1.28 % Sn, 0.001-0.06% W, 0.02-1.28% Zn, and 0.01-0.9% Cu. Govi-Ugtaal-Baruun-Urt Consists of a steeply-dipping skarn that forms sheets like along the contact between a late Paleozoic granite pluton and marble with beds of calc-silicate schist. The skarn sheets range from 200-1500 m long, 5-80 m wide, comprise up to 25 lenticular bodies composed of garnet, pyroxene and magnetite and Sn and base metal minerals. Three stages are: an early-stage of pyroxene-garnet and magnetite; cassiterite, stannite, lollingite, Zn sulfide, Pb sulfide, Cu sulfide and Fe sulfide and less common fahlore, enargite, bismuthite and scheelite. Also occurring are hypergene cerussite, smithsonite, anglesite, greenockite, martite, montmorillonite, kaolinite and gypsum. Podlessky and others, 1988, Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 49 35 Tushleg 44 48 00N 44.8 110 05 00E 110.083333333333 Zeolite Volcanic-hosted zeolite Medium Grade of 30-70% zeolite. Govi-Tamsag Consists of zeolite beds and stratum occurring in siliceous tuff, tuffaceous sandstone and argillite of the Early Cretaceous Tsagaantsav formation. This occurrence is similar to the Tsagaantsav zeolite deposit, a difference being that it has more classtic sediment materials. The maximum content of zeolite occurs in tuffit with a content of 30-70%. The siliceous tuffit contains 5-25% zeolite. The main mineral of the zeolite group is clinoptilolite and ferrierite. Petrova and Amarjargal , 1996; Shuvalov and others, written commun., 1987. Mongolia L 49 36 Tsagaantsav 44 38 00N 44.6333333333333 109 45 00E 109.75 Zeolite Volcanic-hosted zeolite Large Resources of 179.0 million tonnes grading 10-80% zeolite. Govi-Tamsag Consists of zeolite beds and layers in siliceous tuff, tuffaceous sandstone and argillite of the Early Cretaceous Tsagaantsav Formation. Deposit has a surface area of 1.5 by 3 km with a thickness of 200 m. The zeolite beds are elongate and strike E-SE and dip gently The maximum zeolite content (60-90%) occurs adjacent to an underlying siliceous vitreous tuff that. The main zeolite mineral is clinoptilolite. Shuvalov and others, 1987; D. Ivanjav and others, written commun., 1989, 1993; P.Shaandar and others, written commun., 1992; Petrova and Amarjargal, 1996. Mongolia L 49 37 Shine 44 35 20N 44.5888888888889 109 28 25E. 109.473611111111 Au-Ag-Cu Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 1.2 g/t Au, 0.3-1.0% Cu, 0.008% Mo. Harmagtai-Hongoot-Oyut Related to the Oyut granitoid massif of the Middle to Late Carboniferous Mandakh Complex at a distance of 400 to 1500 m from the contact. Deposit contains stringers and disseminations of epidote, pyrite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite grading 0.3-3.38% Cu and average 0.008% Mo. Deposit occurs in zone that dips NW and ranges from 100-120 m wide and 350-400 m long. The zone is hosted in brecciated Devonian andesite that is altered to K feldspar, epidote, sercite and chorite. The ore and replacement minerals form the following sequence: K-feldspar-epidote; molybdenite; chlorite-sericite; pyrite-chalcopyrite; calcite). The occurrence probably formed in the upper part of a magmatic system. A.E. Shabalovskii and others, written commun., 1978; Sotnikov and others, 1985. Mongolia L 49 38 Oyuut Ulaan ovoo 44 34 27N 44.5741666666667 109 26 09E 109.435833333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Unknown Not available. Harmagtai-Hongoot-Oyut Hosted in a porphyry stock of predominantly granodiorite and granosyenite composition. Porphyry intrusion (in area over 0.2 sq.km.) intrudes a biotite granite and granosyenite massif, that intrudes tuff and sandstone and tuff-argillite. Early potassic and quartz tourmaline alteration is surrounded by a chlorite halo. Malachite, azurite and bornite are the principle hypogenal minerals, with minor bornite, chalcopyrite.The former (best developed in the central part) is enriched in Cu and Mo, whereas the latter (mainly found in outer zone) is depleted. The system has been subjected to intense oxidation. Deposit in bedrock at surface contains from 0.3 to 5.1 wt% Cu and from 0.0035 to 0.006 wt% Mo over an area of 250 m x 700 m. Cu minerals are associated with the centers of potassic alteration. Grades correlate positively with quartz veinlet intensity. Secondary Cu enrichment is minor. Sotnikov and others,1985; D. Sanjaadorj, written commun., 1974. Mongolia L 49 39 Unegt Uul 44 17 00N 44.2833333333333 109 43 00E 109.716666666667 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Small Production and reserves of 0.12 million tonnes grading 68.34% CaSO4. Govi-Tamsag Consists of gypsum, anhydrite and calcite occurring in the Late Cretaceous Bayanshire formation. The gypsum thickness average is 7.0 m. The lenticular gypsum interbed consists of selenite satin spar and gypsite gypsum. Produced 20,000 tonnes per year between 1967 and 1990 and 2200-5900 tonnes in 1997-1998. Stoikov and others, 1970; Kleiner and others, 1977; Osokhbayar and others, 1977; Osokhbayar and Khongor, 1985; Ganbaatar, 1999; D. Lavdansuren, written commun., 1999. Mongolia L 49 4 Anas 47 30 32 N 47.5088888888889 112 07 29 E 112.124722222222 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Average grade of 40.7% CaF2. Reserves of 314,800 tones, Production of 25,300 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 3 quartz-fluorite veins in northwest-southeast trending, steeply-dipping fracture zone hosted in late Permian granite. The size of quartz-fluorite veins ranges from 2.5mx100m to 7mx700m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, barite, and calcite. D. Erdene, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 49 40 Nariin khudag 44 14 00N 44.2333333333333 108 02 00E 108.033333333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Resources of 0.15 million tonnes Cu gradomg 0.3% Cu. Harmagtai-Hongoot-Oyut Consists of stockwork veinlets and veins of quartz, tourmaline with chalcopyrite and molybdenite developed in Late Carboniferous granodiorite and granosyenite. The granodiorite intrudes middle and Late Carboniferous volcanic and sedimentary deposits. Deposit extends along the external contact of granodiorite and granosyenite massif. This zone divided into 3 subzones. These subzones are parallel and each is about 50 m wide and extend for 1000 m in a nearly EW direction. Major deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite and molybdenite. Veins occur near external and internal contacts of granodiorite intrusion. The veins contain mainly quartz, tourmaline and carbonate minerals. Alteration minerals consist of quartz, K-feldspar, tourmaline and chlorite. The highest grade part of the deposit (>0.3% Cu) consists of quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite and has a weakly-developed quartz vein stockwork. Secondary enriched zone nearly absent. Potassic alteration mainly occurs in intrusive rock. Deposit in bedrock at surface contains > 0.1 wt% Cu over an area of 200 x 900 m, including a zone 50 m x 200 m containing >0.3 wt%Cu. Yakovlev, 1977; Sotnikov and others, 1985. Mongolia L 49 5 Berkh 1 47 46 30 N 47.775 111 10 15 E 111.170833333333 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Average grade of 66.8% CaF2. Production of 1,000,000 tonnes. Reserves of 1,000,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of northeast-southwest and west-east trending, steeply-dipping quartz-fluorite veins hosted in late Permian granite. The size of quartz-fluorite veins ranges from 2.5mx520m to 4mx1280m. The down dip dimension of veins is up to 300-350m. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, chalcedony, barite, and calcite. D. Erdene, written commun.,1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Geology and mineral resources of Mongolia, 1999. Mongolia L 49 6 Khol khudag 46 50 25N 46.8402777777778 113 26 25E 113.440277777778 Zn, Fe, Mo W, Cd Fe-Zn skarn Large Average grade of 35% Fe, 2.5% Zn, 0.1% Mo. Resources of 38,000 tonnes Zn, 12 000 tonnes Mo. Govi-Ugtaal-Baruun-Urt Consists of a calcic skarn formed near the contact between Devonian limestone and Mesozoic subalkaline granite. Skarn has a lenticular shape ranging from 20-50x1000 m. The major minerals are andradite, hedenbergite, grossular, epidote, quartz, and calcite in zones. Major ore minerals are sphalerite and magnetite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 49 7 Ondortsagan 47 52 00N 47.8666666666667 110 10 00E 110.166666666667 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Reserves of 175,000 tonnes WO3, 26 000 tonnes Mo. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of NW-trending (1500 x 500-700 m) stockwork that intrudes a Devonian trough and consists of variably-trending quartz-wolframite stringers that range from from fractions of mm of few cm thick. The average density of stringer network achieves 20-30 per linear meter in the central enriched part and decrease to 10 and 2-3 on the flanks. The stockwork is cut into a number of blocks by tangential faults. The largest longitudinal fault is cut into two halves. The western is dominated by W and eastern by Mo minerals. A maximum proved depth of the deposit is 550 m. Three stages occur: high temperature quartz-mica, moderate temperature quartzouse and low temperature quartz-carbonate. The deposit minerals from the deposit average 0.124% W trioxide, 0.019% Mo, 0.011 Be oxide 0.08 Bi. The primary deposit contains over fifty minerals, including wolframite, magnetite, hematite, molybdenite and beryl. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Dorjgotov and Daramsenge, 1996. Mongolia L 49 8 Omnodelger 47 59 00N 47.9833333333333 109 48 00E 109.8 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Sn grade up to 1% Central Khentii Consists of 3 quartz-cassiterite veins that occur at the contact of the Omnodelger pluton with host Proterozoic rock and Carboniferous granodiorite. Veins range up to 20-30 m long, 5-15 m wide, up to 1 m thick, have NW trend and steep dip. Greisen alteration followed vein emplacement. Cassiterite forms crystals up to 3 cm long and disseminations in vein selvages. Khasin, 1977. Mongolia L 49 9 Mungon-Ondur 47 51 00N 47.85 110 11 00E 110.183333333333 Zn, Pb, Sn, Ag Cu, Cd Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Average grade of 2.18% Pb, 1.89% Zn, 0.14% Sn. Resources of 510,000 tonnes Pb+Zn, 24,000 tonnes Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of more than 30 quartz-carbonate-sulfide and carbonate-sulfide bodies and zones. The zones contain bodies of complex inner structure with obscure boundaries. The structure is disseminated and stringer-laden. Host rock is altered to carbonate-sericite, carbonate-muscovite-sericite and sericite-chlorite metasomatite. Bodies have steep dip, length along strike is 100-1000 m, along dip 80-320 m. Thickness of bodies is 0.15-3.15 m, with an average of 2.0 m. They are located in parallel, branched group fractures. There are 8 zones in the central part, 6 zones in the NE part and 6 zones in the SE part. The richest parts are Zone-I, II of the central part. Sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrargyrite, freibergite and cassiterite are major deposit minerals. Chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, pyrrhotite are subordinate. Wolframite, scheellite, stannite and native silver are less common. Major gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, muscovite, rhodochrosite, chlorite and calcite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990; Dorjgotov and Daramsenge, 1996; Murao and others, 1998. Mongolia L 50 1 Caobulen, Inner Mongolia 46 28 15N 46.4708333333333 118 41 30E 118.691666666667 Pb Zn Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Reserves of 348,600 tonnes Zn, grading 3.53% Zn. Daxinganling Consists of skarn located at the contact zone between the Mesozoic granite and Devonian limestone. The ore bodies are lenticular and lentoid in shape and vary in scale. The ores consist of pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, bismuthite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Alteration is mainly skarnization. Sn, Bi, Ag and Au in ores are recoverable. Zhao, Yiming and others, 1993; Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China,1996. China L 50 2 Modon 46 41 48N 46.6966666666667 117 20 00E 117.333333333333 Pb, Ag Sb, As Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 1.6-2.9% Pb, 261 ppb Ag. Resources of 30,000 tonnes. Nuhetdavaa Consists of Pb-Ag epithermal veins and lenticular bodies hosted by Devonian sedimentary rock. Bodies are 165-450 m long, 12-60 m thick and extend down dip 100 m. Wallrock is hydrothermally-altered by carbonate alteration and silica alteration. Deposit minerals are galena, pyrite, antimonite arsenopyrite and Ag minerals. Major gangue minerals are chalchedony, quartz and calcite. Yakovlev, 1977; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia L 50 3 Aonaodaba,Inner Mongolia 44 40 05 N 44.6680555555556 119 25 03 E 119.4175 Ag,Sn Cu,Pb,Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Not available. Daxinganling Occurs in the southeastern part of the Daxinganling Hercynian orogenic belt that is hosted in Early Permian, low-grade metamorphosed sandstone, graywacke, sericite slate, and knotted slate. The Yanshannian granite porphyry, that intrudes the core of a syncline, is intruded by slightly younger granodiorite porphyry and quartz syenite porphyry.The granite porphyry has a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 148.3 Ma, and is altered to silica, topaz-beresite, K-feldspar, and chlorite. The dposit occurs in veins and rare lenses. The main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite, and minor loelingite, garnet, and tetrahedrite, along with very minor argentite, molybdenite, and marcasite. The deposit formed at temperatures of 160-426 C. Li, Henian and others,1994; Zhang Dequan and others, 1994. China L 50 4 Haobugao,Inner Mongolia 44 45 00N 44.75 119 07 00E 119.116666666667 Sn Cu,Pb,Zn Sn skarn Large Not available. Daxinganling Located in NW limb of the N part of Huanggang-Ganzhuermiao anticlinorium. Bodies occur in the contact zone between Haobugao granitic intrusive and the early Permian Dashizhai Formation. NE-striking fracture zones are the main controlling structure for deposit and granitic intrusive.There are three episodes of late Yanshannian igneous intrusions: the first stage of porphyroid biotite-amphibole adamellite (Xiaohanshan granite); the second stage of biotite moyite (Wulanba and Wulanchulute granite); and the third stage of granite porphyry (Haobugao granite). Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, pyrite, and arsenopyrite. Wallrock alteration is dominated by skarn. Local silica, beresite, epidote, and chlorite alterations occur.The temperatures for skarn-forming stage are 300-640 C whereas quartz-cassiterite-sulfide assemblages formed at temperatures of 220-320 C. Henian and others, 1994. China L 50 5 Yugzer 45 54 00N 45.9 115 20 00E 115.333333333333 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Resources of 1800 tonnes WO3 at Yugzer 1, and resources of 20,428 tonnes WO3, 693 tonnes, Mo 4,100 tonnes BeO at. Yugzer 2. Nuhetdavaa Occurs in the upper part of granite pluton and adjacent early Paleozoic rock. Deposit consists of Mo-bearing greisen that occurs in the upper part of the granite pluton and quartz-wolframite veins. The greisens are formed in two successive stages: (1) quartz, muscovite, beryl, wolframite, fluorite, molybdenite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, quartz, chlorite, galena, sphalerite, molybdenite and pyrite (2) W-Mo veins. Veins occur parrallel to cleavage in hornfels. Deposit covers 1 sq.km. and contains up to 30 veins that range from 70-80 km long and 0.15-0.20 m wide. Veins also occur in granite porphyry. Deposit minerals are quartz, beryl, mica, fluorite, carbonate, wolframite, molybdenite, pyrite and chalcopyrite and rare galena, sphalerite and Bi-minerals. The three types of W-Mo veins are: quartz-beryl-wolframite; quartz-wolframite-sulfide; and quartz-molybdenite. The dominant alteration minerals are quartz and muscovite. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia L 50 6 Baiyinnuoer, Inner Mongolia 44 30 00 N 44.5 118 54 00 E 118.9 Pb,Zn Ag Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Large Reserves of 2.4 million tonnes of Pb+Zn with average grade of 3.24% Pb and 5.46% Zn. Daxinganling Occurs in the central part of Huanggangliang-Wulanhaote polymetallic belt. The deposit occurs in a secondary anticline of the Sifangcheng-Baiyinwula anticlinorium. Northeast-striking faults control the formation and distribution of igneous intrusions and deposit. The strata consist of Early Permian low-grade metamorphic rock and late Jurassic siliceous and intermediate volcanic rock. The Early Permian strata host most of the deposit, are composed of sandy slate, carbonate, and pelitic slate, and occur in the central and southeast parts of the associated district district. The Yanshannian granitoids consists of granodiorite, granodioritic porphyry, quartz syenite porphyry, and granite porphyry. The deposit occurs mainly in skarn along a contact zone between granodioritic porphyry and country rock. The main ore minerals are sphalerite and garnet, and the minor ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and stannite, and Ag minerals. The main gangue minerals are hedenbergite, epidote, andradite, actinolite, diopside, wallstonite, quartz, and calcite. . Li, Henian and others, 1994. China L 50 7 Hegenshan 3756, Inner Mongolia 44 45 30N 44.7583333333333 116 16 40E 116.277777777778 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Grade of >32% Cr2O3. Reserves of 1 million tonnes Cre ore. Hegenshan Consists of about 180 podiform chromite bodies that are hosted in dunite dikes. The largest deposit is 850 m long, extends downdip for 260 m, and ranges up to 17 m thick. The host rock is mainly dunite with minor peridotite. Deposit occurs in the elliptical Devonian Hegenshan ophiolite that crops out over an area of 60 sq.km. and trends NS. The units in the ophiolite, from older to younger, are: (1) peridotite with about 1,600 dunite dikes that range form several tens to hundred m long, and are less than ten m wide; (2) cumulate dunite, peridotite, ferellenstein, and gabbro that are about 350 m thick; (3) conformably overlying metamorphosed mafic lava that is about 1,490 m thick, and is intercalated with silexite and limestone layers; and (4) conformably overlying Middle Devonian cataclastic rock, tuff, limestone, and silexite that range up to 2,000 m thick. Some dunite dikes in the peridotote contain chromite deposits. Bai Wenji and others, 1994. China L 50 8 Hegenshan 620, Inner Mongolia 44 44 20N 44.7388888888889 116 14 34E 116.242777777778 Cr Podiform chromite Medium Not available. Hegenshan Consists of a number of small podiform chromite bodies in dunite and pyroxene-bearing dunite in the cumulative phase of Hegenshen ophiolite. The ore minerals are mainly disseminated, but locally are massive. Similar small chromite deposits occur in the cumulative phase of the Hegenshan ophiolite. Bai Wenji and others, 1994. China L 50 9 Maodeng, Inner Mongolia 44 11 05N 44.1847222222222 116 41 30E 116.691666666667 Cu Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Daxinganling Occurs in the western contact zone of the Alubaogeshan granite porphyry with a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 149 Ma. Deposit is hosted in a Jurassic bimodal volcanic sequence, including a lower basalt and upper rhyolite unit, in the Maoding volcanic basin. Deposit occurs in veins controlled by a NW-trending fault system. The major deposit minerals are cassiterite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and molybdenite. The minor deposit minerals are pyrite, galena, magnetite, hematite, wolframite, bornite, scheelite and bismuthine. Gangue minerals are quartz, fluorite, K feldspar, biotite, calcite, tourmaline, topaz and muscovite. The deposit minerals exhibit idiomorphic to hypidiomorphic granular and occur in, some metasomatic fillings, disseminations, masses, veins, veinlets, stockwork and breccia. In the magnetite, cassiterite and sulphide deposits, respectively, are three types of main alteration: potassic silicates, greisen and silica. Deposit is interpreted as forming during hydrothermal conditions at a moderate depth of 1.6 to 2 km and moderate temperature of 450 to 200øC. Liu Yuqiang, 1996. China L 51 1 Lianhuashan,Inner Mongolia 45 40 00N 45.6666666666667 121 21 00E 121.35 Cu, Ag Pb,Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Average grade of 0.95% Cu. Reserves of 142,600 tonnes Cu. Daxinganling Located in a secondary uplift in the Tuquan Mesozoic volcanic depression of the Daban-Wulanhaote volcanic belt. Deposit-controlling structures can be divided into three groups, i.e, NE-, NW-, and EW-trending fracture zones. Early Yanshannian porphyry intrusives are well developed in the district, that are diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, markfieldite, and adamellitic porphyry. A U-Pb zircon isochron age is 161.8 Ma for markfieldite. The exposed strata are early Permian Dashizhai formation meta-andsite, dacite tuff and tuffaceous sandstone, and Middle to Late Jurrasic volcanic and sedimentary rock. There are more than 30 bodies, that strike NW 300-330, dip 40-70 NE. The main wallrock alterations are divided into two groups, i.e., pre-deposit and syn-deposit. Albite and biotite are the main pre-deposit alteration minerals and tourmaline, actinolite, and chlorite were dominant during ore alterations . The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and Ag minerals. Deposit formed at temperatures of 220-400 C. Li, Henian and others, 1994. China L 51 2 Meng'entaolegai, Inner Mongolia 45 15 00N 45.25 121 30 00E 121.5 Ag,Pb,Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Average grade of 84 g/t Ag, 1.02% Pb, 2.30% Zn. Reserves of 84,300 tonnes Pb, 221.300 tonnes Zn, and 534 tonnes Ag. Daxinganling Occurs along the W junction between the Daxinganling orogenic belt and the Songliao Basin. The main part of the deposit is controlled by EW-and NE-trending faults. Deposit is hosted in Permian and Jurassic rock tuffaceous sandstone, slate, tuffaceous clastic rock, marble, arkose, pelitic siltstone, lava and bioclastic limestone. Both Hercynian and Yanshannian age granitoids occur. The Mengentaolegai granite covers an area of 240 sq.km. and has a K-Ar isotopic age of 286 Ma and a U-Pb age of 235 Ma. The Duerji Granite Complex consists of coarse-grained biotite-plagioclase granite, granodiorite, moyite, alaskite and fine-grained biotite granite. The complex covers an area of 150 sq.km. and has a U-Pb zircon age of 150 Ma. Forty-four sizes of veins occur. The main wall-rock alterations are sericite, Mn siderite, silica and chlorite. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena and Ag minerals and the minor minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcocite and cassiterite. Deposit formed at temperatures are 140 to 340øC and the deposit is closely related to the Yanshannian Duerji granite. Li, Henian and others, 1994. China L 51 3 Baerzhe, Inner Mongolia 45 28 00 N 45.4666666666667 120 40 00 E 120.666666666667 Nb, Ta, Be REE, Zr Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE Large Average grade of 0.051% BeO, 0.258% Nb2O5 . Daxinganling Hosted in a riebeckite granite intrudes Middle Jurassic volcanic rock and occurs in two areas. The western part of the intrusion covers an area of 0.11 km2, the eastern part covers an area of 0.24 km2, and at the depth, the two parts merge. A Rb-Sr isotopic age is 125 Ma. The main minerals are barbierite, quartz, and riebeckite, the minor minerals are aegrite and albiteoligoclase, and accessory minerals are zircon, monazite, bunsite, fluorite, calcite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhite, and ferrothorite. In the eastern intrusion, from the surface to depth, successive zones of pegmatitic granite, albite-altered granite and porphyritic riebeckite granite occur. Weak alterations are silica, chlorite, carbonate, aegrute and sulphides. K+Na/Al of is greater than 1, and SiO2 content is high. REE distribution patterns dip slightly right, approaching horizontal. The rocks are rich in HREE, and Eu is intensely depleted. The main economic minerals are bunsite (500 to 800g/t), monazite (79 to 2000g/t), pyrrhite (80g/t), titano euxenite (20 to 80g/t), Xinganite (600 to 7000g/t) and niobite(94 to 5000g/t). The initial 87Sr/86Sr is 0.689ñ1, and cNd is +1.9 to +2.45. Lin, Chuanxian and others,1994. China L 52 1 Yunshan, Luobei County, Heilongjiang Province 47 48 50N 47.8138888888889 130 48 10E 130.802777777778 graphite Metamorphic graphite Large Not available. Jixi Bodies occur in stratiform and lenticular forms in the Dapandao Formation of the Paleoproterozoic Group. Typical deposit mineral fabrics are lepido-grano blastic and granoblastic textures and varied schistose, gneissic and massive structures, Main deposit minerals are graphite, quartz, plagioclase, mica, clinozoisite, sillimanite and calcite. The parental rock for host rock is interpreted as organic-rich, terrestrial pyroclastic-carbonate formations of shallow marine facies and the horizon of the graphite belongs to a series of mudstone-dolomitic limestone. Their original sedimentary environment is interpreted as littoral plain-tide flat-lagoon system. The series underwent regional metamorphism of granulite-amphibolite facies. Sun, Xiangdong, 1994. China L 52 10 Guangyi, Muling, HeilongJiang Province 45 16 00N 45.2666666666667 130 38 00E 130.633333333333 Graphite Magmatic graphite Large Not available. Jixi Bodies occur in stratiform, layered, lenses in the Yuqing Formation of the upper Archean Mashan Group. Typical textures are granular, schistose, and crystalloblastic. Main ore minerals are graphite, quartz, and feldspar, and minor minerals are diopside, grossularite, sillimanite, sericite, chlorite, kaolinite, rutile, tourmaline, biotite, muscovite, apatite, wollastonite, sphene, clinozoisite, and pyrite. The parental rock for the deposit is interpreted as organic-rich, terrestrial pyroclastic-carbonate rock that formed in a shallow marine facies, with the graphite horizon forming in mudstone and dolomitic limestone. Their original sedimentary environment is interpreted as littoral plain-tide flat-lagoon system. The series underwent regional metamorphism of granulite-amphibolite facies. Sun Xiangdong, 1994. China L 52 11 Liumao, Heilongjiang Province 45 05 08N 45.0855555555556 130 47 05E 130.784722222222 graphite sillimanite Metamorphic graphite Large Reserves of 28.25 million tonnes graphite. Superlarge deposit. Jixi Consists of bedded, stratiform and lensoid graphite in Al-rich gneiss and is hosted in sillimanite gneiss, graphite schist and gneiss and marble in the the Jiamusi terrane. Deposit consists of graphite schist (13 to 16% C) and graphite gneiss (3 to 8% C) The main minerals are feldspar, quartz, mica, calcite, dolomite and varied metamorphic minerals, including more than 30 associated minerals. Single deposit layers range from 15 to 17 m thick and extend from several hundred to a thousand m. Graphite schist, the main part of the deposit, comprises up 80% the deposit. The host rock is interpreted as forming in a near shore and lagoon volcanic and sedimentary basin. A group of large graphite deposits occur in adjacent areas. Xiao, Changsheng and others, 1994. China L 52 12 Sandaogou, Heilongjiang Province 45 10 30N 45.175 130 30 45E 130.5125 Sillimanite Graphite Metamorphic sillimanite Large Not available. Superlarge deposit. Jixi Occurs in high grade metamorphic Al-rich sedimentary rock series (Mashan Group).The main host rock is sillimanite schist, sillimanite gneiss and minor garnet-sillimanite-cordierite gneiss.Bodies are in stratiform,with length of several km and thickness of several tens of m to over a hundred m.Possibly due to the affect of reversed folding,the graphite-bearing horizon is under the sillimanite-bearing horizon. Sillimanite-rich bodies usually contain 25-30% sillimanite,with a maximum content of 50%. Besides metamorphic minerals such as sillimanite, garnet, quartz, mica, the deposit often contains graphite, ilmenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, tourmaline and rutile. The protolith for the sillimanite bodies is high-Al clay sedimentary rock formed by the intensive weathering products of basement granite and deposition in shallow water. This rock suite had undergone amphibolite-granulite metamorphism and folding deformation, with temperatures of 800-850 C and pressure of 0.74 GPa during peak metamorphism. Jiang, Jisheng, 1994. China L 52 13 Komissarovskoe (Vorob'eva plad) 44 33 42N 44.5616666666667 131 27 15E 131.454166666667 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 1.92 g/t Au and 49-52 g/t Ag. Laoeling-Grodekov Consists of low-grade, short Au-Ag-pyrite veins that occur in dacite volcanic rock that is interpreted as part of a Permian volcanic sequence The veins contain minor galena and sphalerite, occur in metasomatic sericite-biotite-quartz bodies in fracture zones, and are both conformable to, and crosscut bedding. Deposit may be related to areas of higher carbon in thin-bedded siltstone and argillite. Associated Au placer deposits occur in adjacent western parts of the terrane. S.N. Rodionov, written commun., 1991. Russia L 52 14 Mingli, Heilongjiang Province 45 40 05N 45.6680555555556 127 30 30E 127.508333333333 Zn Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Average grade of 1-2% Zn, 0.5% Pb. Bindong Consists of several tens of stratiform bodies in skarn formed at the contact of limestone of the lower member of the Early Devonian Heilonggong Formation with a Jurassic granite porphyry. The bodies are concordant to their host rock and trending NW with a dip angle between 40-60. The bodies are usually 100 m long, 5-10 m thick and 100-200 m in dip extension. The deposit minerals are pyrite, galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Alteration include skarn formation, silica alteration, sericite alteration and carbonafication. Shi, Lindao and others, 1994. China L 52 15 Zolotoi Stream (Sofie-Alekseevskoe) 44 16 55N 44.2819444444444 131 23 44E 131.395555555556 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 1.3 g/t Au, 5 g/t Ag. Laoeling-Grodekov Consists of zones of thin pyrite-gold-quartz veins, disseminated gold and coarse-grained pyrite in volcanic rock with chlorite and carbonate alteration with local course-grained pyrite. Deposit is hosted in a Late Permian volcanic-sedimentary sequence. E.D. Petrachenko, written commun., 1985. Russia L 52 16 Baikal 44 11 54N 44.1983333333333 131 06 01E 131.100277777778 Cu, Mo Au Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Average grade of 0.01% Cu and about 0.01% Mo. Laoeling-Grodekov Consists of veinlets and disseminations that occur along contacts of gabbro, diorite, gabbro, and syenite, in and adjacent to the intrusive rocks. The deposit covers an area of 150 to 200 m2 and consists of hydrothermally altered biotite-K-feldspar rock that is surrounded by epidote-chlorite alteration. The ore minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, and molybdenite. The hydrothermally altered area exhibits anomalous Au. The host rocks are metamorphosed Silurian and Devonian sedimentary and siliceous volcanic rock, and Permian(?), subalkaline, gabbro, diorite, gabbro, and syenite, and granite porphyry that intrude the sedimentary sequence. The gabbro and diorite are highly alkaline. The gabbro and syenite and granite porphyry hosting the deposit are K-enriched. Ore minerals are highly oxidized. Petrachenko and Petrachenko, 1985. Russia L 52 17 Wudaoling, Heilongjiang Province 45 15 00N 45.25 127 10 00E 127.166666666667 Mo WñMoñBe skarn Medium Not available. Bindong Consists of irregular masses at a contact zone between quartz porphyry and intermediate and siliceous volcanic rock of Late Permian Wudaoling Formation. The quartz porphyry is silica-rich with >75% SiO2), has K2O+Na2O of 7.97%-8.04%, K2O/Na2O of 1.21 to 1.31 and has whole rock K-Ar isotopic age of 157.8 Ma. Both the porphyry and WñMoñBe skarn bodies are controlled by an EW-striking fault. Deposit minerals are mainly molybdenite, pyrite and magnetite, with lesser hematite, specularite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, chalcocite, tetrahedrite and bismuthinite. Mo bodies occur in disseminations and minor veins. Wallrock is altered to skarn, silica, beresite and carbonates. Deposit occurs at the SE part of Yuquan-Sandaogang anticlinorium in the Variscan Jilin-Heilongjiang orogenic belt. Huang, Dianhao and others, 1994. China L 52 18 Niutoushan, Jiutai County, Jilin Province 44 21 05N 44.3513888888889 126 16 40E 126.277777777778 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Small Grade of 78.65-98.25% CaF2 for fluorite ore; 51.42-67.06% CaF2 for quartz-fluorite ore, and 20-40% CaF2 for fluorite-quartz type. North Jilin Occurs at the intersected part of the NE-trending Jiutai-Qitamu fault and NW-trending Hewan-Taoshan fault in volcanic rock of the Early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation. Controlled by the secondary faults of the two main faults, fluorite occurs as veins, locally as pocket and irregular masses.There are mainly two fluorite veins, one is 450 m long and average thickness of 1.3 m. Main deposit mineral assemblages are fluorite, quartz-fluorite, fluorite-quartz. The formation of fluorite is closely related to the granite of the early Yanshan period. Ni, Guijin, 1992. China L 52 19 Gongpengzi, Heilongjiang Province 45 27 40N 45.4611111111111 127 28 25E 127.473611111111 Cu Zn, W Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Average grade of Cu 1.23% Cu, 0.41 W. Bindong Cccurs in the contact zone between the granite and marble, sandstones and slate of the Yuquan Formation of Early Permian age. The major body is 1,315 m long, 30 m thick, and 440 m long downdip. Some bodies contain Cu-Zn mainly and other bodies contain mainly scheelite. The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite, galena, scheelite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite. Alteration to hornfels occurs at contact sandstone and slate with granite. Other alteration includes skarn formation and silica alteration. The related granite is interpreted as Triassic. Editorial Committee, Discovery History of Mineral Deposits of China, Heilongjiang volume, 1996. China L 52 2 Dongfengshan, Heilongjiang Province 47 12 00N 47.2 129 55 00E 129.916666666667 Au Co Homestake Au Small Average grade of 19 g/t Au. Jixi Consists of stratiform Au deposits in BIF in the Proterozoic Dongfengshan Group. The BIF deposit occurs at the core of a anticline, varies fropm 40 m to 120 m thick, and contains 0.01 to 100.41 g/t Au. Four mineral facies occur in the BIF: a sulfide layer (5 m thick); a carbonate layer (5 m thick); a silicate layer (about 20 m thick); and an oxide layer (about 10 m thick). Stratiform Au occurs mainly in sulfide layers and has complicated mineral assemblage including spessartine, dannemorite, eulite, biotite, quartz, tourmaline, flouroapatite, rutile, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, danaite, cobaltite, gersdorffite, niine, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, magnetite, rutile, ilmenite, native Au, electrum, and graphite. Averaged fineness is 933. The deposit occurs at the intersection of Jilin-Heilongjiang Variscian orogenic belt and the Jiamusi fault zone. Xu, Enshou and others, 1994. China L 52 3 Daxilin, Heilongjiang Province 47 30 00N 47.5 128 51 00E 128.85 Fe Pb Zn Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Small Not available. Xilin The deposit is located at the northern end of the Xilin field. The ore-bearing strata is same as those in the Xiaoxilin Pb-Zn deposit (L-52-10) and belong to a sequence of carbonate-clastic rocks of the Early Cambrian. Granite porphyry and quartz porphyry was intruded along the beddings of the strata to form skarns and iron ore bodies. These iron ore bodies are most stratiform in shape consist mainly of massive and banded magnetite and usually are 50-426m long, 2-13m thick, and up to 300m along the dip direction. In iron ores, banded and fine ores consisting mainly of galena, sphalerite and fine magnetite were replaced by skarn minerals and coarse magnetite. The deep part of the deposit consists mainly of sulphides without skarn modification. Their structure and texture are quite similar to those found in the Xiaoxilin deposit(volcanogenic Pb-Zn hydrothermal-sedimentary). The Rb-Sr age of the skarn and quartz porphyry is 233­A7Ma. It is suggested that the present deposit belongs to volcanic-hydrothermal sedimentary deposit modified by skarn mineralization of the Early Mesozoic period. Yan, Hongquan and others, 1994. China L 52 4 Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province 46 42 50N 46.7138888888889 131 05 50E 131.097222222222 Fe W Banded iron formation (BIF, Algoma Fe) Large Average grade of 30% Fe. Jixi Consists of bedded and stratiform BIF deposits that occur concordant to the host rock. The main deposit is 2,169 m long, 8 m thick and extends 520 m down dip. The host rock is sillimanite schist and gneiss and marble of the Xingdong Group. The deposit minerals occur in bands and masses and consist of magnetite, hematite, scheelite, pyrite, quartz, augite and diopside. Deng, Xianyuan, 1980; Cao, Jingxian, 1993b. China L 52 5 Xiaoxilin, Heilongjiang Province 47 21 00N 47.35 128 58 00E 128.966666666667 Pb,Zn Ag,Cd,In Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Large Average grade of 4.09% Pb, 1.61% Zn. Reserves of 260,000 tonnes Pb, 326,500 tonnes Zn. Xilin Occurs in a fault-controlled epicontinental aulacogen. Host rock is mainly Early Cambrian dolomite marble (with oolitic texture) and tremolite marble and interlayered with metavolcanic rock and carbonaceous slate. Deposit minerals are mainly pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, magnetite, siderite, pyrite and marcasite. Minor deposit minerals are chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. Layered and massive deposit minerals occur in a large lenticular body that are recrystallizatized. Deposits are para-stratiform.Wallrock alteration is not visible adjacent to the main deposit. Tremolite alteration in the wallrock above deposit is not closely related to deposits. Carbonate, silica and wallrock bleaching is associated with minor veinlets and disseminations. Thin layers of Mn siderite occur above the deposit layer and younger, diabase porphyry dikes occur beneath. Also occurring are syntectonic Caledonian granite and hornnfels. Yan, Hongquan and others, 1994. China L 52 6 Yangbishan, Heilongiang Province 46 40 10N 46.6694444444444 130 50 00E 130.833333333333 graphite Sillimanite, P Magmatic graphite Large Not available. Jixi Consists of several layers of graphite-rich schist. A single body is 300-500 m long, 2-5 m thick. Deposit occurs in an EW-trending belt. The host rocks are biotite schist, quartz schist, calcarceous schist, garnet schist, sillimanite schist and sillimanite gneiss with more than 15% graphite. The host rock include dolomite marble, apatite marble and related schist. The host strata belong to the upper part of the Mashan Group, a formation of Al-rich argillaceous rock-carbonate rock metamorphosed under amphibolite-granulite facies. Zhang, Qiusheng and others, 1984a, b. China L 52 7 Laozhuoshan, Heilongjiang Province 46 16 00N 46.2666666666667 131 32 05E 131.534722222222 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 6.85 g/t Au. Reserves of 20 tonnes Au. Laozhuoshan Related to both the Hercynian granitoids and Mesozoic intermediate and siliceous stocks and dikes, including diorite, quartz diorite, diorite porphyry, granite porphyry and felsite. Two types of Au deposits occur: (1) mainly Au veinlets and stockworks; and (2) lesser Au altered rock. Deposit occurs along faults that occur along the external contact zone of granite intrusions and consists of layers, lenses and irregular masses. The deposit minerals are mainly arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite and minor galena and sphalerite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, sericite, diposide and garnet. Gold occurs mainly in arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Two main depositional stages are interpreted, a magmatic hydrothermal stage and a volcanic-hydrothermal stage. The first stage is related to large Hercynian granite and occurs in a contact skarn in veins and layers. The second stage is related to diorite porphyry and granite porphyry. High-grade gold occurs where the two stages are overprinted. Liu, Fu and others, 1996. China L 52 8 Ergu-Xishan, Heilongjian Province 47 05 00N 47.0833333333333 128 20 00E 128.333333333333 Ag,Pb,Zn Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Small Grade of 2.55-3.37% Pb, 3.23% Zn. Reserves of 129,800 tonnes Pb, and 221,300 tonnes Zn. Bindong Occurs in the axial part of the Ergu-Xujiugou anticline in the Zhangguangcailing fold belt that contains Early Permian siltstone and marble that occur in xenoliths in Hercynian medium-grained biotite plagiogranite, porphyritic biotite granites, and granodiorite. Deposit is controlled by EW-trending, N-dipping fractures, and intrusive contacts. The main wallrock alteration is skarn. Xu, Enshou and others, 1994. China L 52 9 Donghai, Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province 45 20 05N 45.3347222222222 131 00 58E 131.016111111111 graphite Metamorphic graphite Medium Not available. Jixi Ore bodies occur in stratiform and lenticular forms in the Yuqing Formation of the upper Archean Mashan Group. Typical ore fabric includes lepidoblastic textures and varied schistose and massive structures, Main minerals found in the ores include graphite, quartz, feldspar, diposide, grossularite, sillimanite, sericite, chlorite, rutile, tourmaline, biotite, muscovite, apatite, sphene clinozoisite and pyrite. The parental rocks for the ores are believed to be organic-rich, terrestrial pyroclastic-carbonate formations of shallow marine facies and the horizon of the graphite belongs to a series of mudstone-dolomitic limestone. Their original sedimentary environment is suggested to be littoral plain-tide flat-lagoon system. The series underwent regional metamorphism of granulite-amphibolite facies. Sun Xiangdong, 1994. China L 53 1 Khvoshchovoe 47 58 28N 47.9744444444444 136 11 10E 136.186111111111 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Grade of 0.02-0.4% Cu, 0.01-0.20% Mo, 0.01-0.09% W. Samarka Consists of zones of veinlets and disseminations associated with intense metasomatic alteration composed of biotite, microcline, argillite, sericite, quartz and carbonate alterations. Deposit is hosted in a Cretaceous amphibole-biotite granodiorite and biotite granite that intrudes Jurassic sandstone and siltstone. Intrusive and sedimentary rock that is crosscut by aplite, granodiorite porphyry and diorite porphyry dikes presumably related to porphyry Cu deposit. Deposit minerals occur in all hydrothermally-altered rock except carbonate. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, scheelite, wolframite, magnetite, hematite, sphalerite, galena and pyrrhotite. Deposit occurs in a 10 sq.km. circular structure around the granite. V.B. Shuvalov, written commun., 1986. Russia L 53 10 Lermontovsky 46 56 44N 46.9455555555556 134 27 24E 134.456666666667 W Au WñMoñBe skarn Large Grade of 0.67-3% W2O3. Samarka Consists of skarn in lenses, sheets and nests that occur at the top contact of an Early Cretaceous granitic stock that intrudes bedded limestone. Skarn ranges from 40 to 640 m long and 1 to 78 m thick. Deposit formed in three stages: (1) skarn (diopside, hedenbergite, hornblende, wollastonite, and garnet) replacement of limestone, and biotite hornfels derived from sandstone; (2) hydrothermal alteration of granitoid, hornfels and skarn to greisen; and (3) deposition of sulfides. Two types of greisen occur: (1) quartz-albite-muscovite; and (2) scheelite-muscovite-apatite-mica-quartz. Pyrrhotite is the major sulfide, and arsenopyrite, pyrite, marcasite and scheelite are minor. Sulfides are either superimposed on scheelite greisen or occur separately in veins. Deposit also contains Ag-telluride-Bi (polymetallic) and Au-telluride-Bi (pyrrhotite) zones. W occurs in all parts of deposit, although the most abundant scheelite occurs in muscovite and lesser biotite and phlogopite greisen, quartz veins and a metasomatic feldspathic rock. The host Early Cretaceous granitoid is highly aluminous, low in alkalies and Ca, and contain elevated F and P. Gvozdev, 1984. Russia L 53 11 Vostok-2 46 28 03N 46.4675 135 52 40E 135.877777777778 W WñMoñBe skarn Large Average grade of 0.65% Cu, 1.64% W2O3. Mined since 1980's. Samarka Consists of skarn in veins and sheets that formed in several stages. From older to younger the stages are: (1) skarn composed mainly pyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole and garnet; (2) greisen alteration of skarn and granitoid with formation of quartz, feldspar and muscovite, along with lesser chlorite and biotite with scheelite and apatite and minor arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite; (3) scheelite and quartz; and (4) low temperature scheelite and arsenopyrite. Deposit occurs along flat to steeply-dipping contacts of granitoid plutons that intrude an olistostrome consisting of Carboniferous and Permian limestone and calcareous-shale. Successive skarn and greisen alteration of limestone preceded deposition of scheelite, gold and apatite that range up to a few tens of percent. A plagiogranite with an approximate K-Ar isotopic age of 110 Ma is interpreted as coeval with the deposit. Stepanov, 1977; Rostovsky and others, 1987. Russia L 53 12 Zvezdnoe 46 10 23N 46.1730555555556 136 30 27E 136.5075 Sn Cu, Pb, Zn Porphyry Sn Small Average grade of 2.56% Pb, 0.53% Sn, 2.16% Zn. Luzhkinsky Consists of a neck of Late Cretaceous(?) to Paleocene subvolcanic rhyolite with numerous (up to 40%) miarolitic cavities filled with a quartz-cassiterite aggregate. Rhyolite altered to sericite and contains finely disseminated cassiterite. Cassiterite-sulfide veins also occur in Early Cretaceous clastic rock around the intrusion. Galena and quartz-galena with cassiterite and stannite are dominant in the upper part of the deposit and sphalerite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite with cassiterite predominate in deeper part of deposit. Rodionov, 1988. Russia L 53 13 Tigrinoe 46 05 19N 46.0886111111111 135 44 58E 135.749444444444 Sn, W, Ta, Nb, In Mo, Zn, Bi Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.14% Sn and 0.045% WO3. Luzhkinsky Consists of: (1) a greisen along the contact of a Li-F granite pluton; (2) a linear stockwork consisting of a thick network (5 to 10 to 70 veinlets per meter) of parallel, NS-trending quartz-topaz veins that range from 3 to 100 cm thick and are hosted in metasedimentary rock adjacent to the granite intrusion; and (3) a sulfide-cassiterite breccia pipe that contains rock fragments of the stockwork and greisen cemented by quartz and lesser carbonate, fluorite and sulfides. Three stages occur: (1) early stage with quartz-molybdenite-bismuthinite; (2) middle stage of REE greisen with wolframite-cassiterite with high values of Sc, Ni and Ta; and (3) late-stage with hydrothermal quartz-fluorite-carbonate-sulfide veins. In, Cd, Ag and Se are enriched in sulfides in the two last stages. K-Ar isotopic age of the lithium-fluorine granite is 90 Ma ñ 5%. A Rb-Sr isochron age for the Li-F granite is 86 ñ 6 Ma with an initial Sr ratio of 0.7093. A Rb-Sr isotopic age for the greisen is 73 ñ 18 Ma with an initial Sr ratio of 0.7105. Korostelev and others, 1990; Gonevchuk and Gonevchuk, 1991. Russia L 53 14 Zimnee 45 46 25N 45.7736111111111 135 57 40E 135.961111111111 Sn, Pb, Zn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.1-3.0% Cu, 3.18% Pb, 0.59% Sn, and 4.09% Zn. Luzhkinsky Consists of breccia, breccia-and fracture-filling veins, zones of closely spaced veinlets and pockets that occur in fracture zones. These structures range up to 1200 m long, are extensive down dip and vary from several tenths of a meter to several tens of m wide. Deposit occurs near a granodiorite body and consists mainly of pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, stannite and cassiterite. Far from the granodiorite and in the upper part of veins, the deposit is mostly galena with fine-grained cassiterite. Near the granodiorite, the deposit consists of breccia-bearing fragments of Sn-sulfides that are cemented by a quartz-mica (greisen) aggregate with arsenopyrite and cassiterite. The K-Ar isotopic age of altered rock related to the Sn-polymetallic depsoits is 75 Ma. The K-Ar isotopic age of the greisen and granodiorite is approximately 50 Ma. Deposit is regionally metamorphosed and deformed. P.G. Korostelev and others, written commun., 1980; Nazarova, 1983. Russia L 53 15 Tayozhnoe 1 45 29 46N 45.4961111111111 136 39 28E 136.657777777778 Ag Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Grade of 50-2000 g/t Ag and 1 g/t Au. Mined since 1980's. Kema Consists of steeply-dipping quartz veins that occur along NW to NS fractures that intrude Early Cretaceous sandstone. The veins vary from 100 to 500 m long and 0.5 to 2 m thick and also occur laterally beneath a contact between sandstone and an overlying 50 to m-thick section of Late Cretaceous felsic volcanic rock. The deposit minerals occur in veins and in metasomatic zones along the subhorizontal contact and between veins and overlying volcanic rock. The major Ag minerals are Ag sulfosalts and sulfides. Pyrite and arsenopyrite are rare and formed before Ag minerals. In the upper part of veins, Ag occurs in tetrahedrite, freibergite, stephanite, pyrargyrite and polybasite. At middle depths, Ag occurs mainly in acanthite and stephanite, along with arsenopyrite and allargentum. Acanthite is dominant at depth. A.N. Rodionov and others, written commun., 1976; Ratkin and others, 1991. Russia L 53 16 Dalnetayozhnoe 45 39 51N 45.6641666666667 136 07 55E 136.131944444444 Sn, Pb, Zn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 1.53% Pb, 0.53% Sn, 2.58% Zn. Luzhkinsky Consists of mineralized fracture zones that contain irregularly distributed veinlets, pockets, and disseminations in Lower Cretaceous flyschoid sandstone and siltstone. About 30 ore bodies occur in north-south-trending fracture zones, possibly up to 1 km long. Dominant ore minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, stannite, and cassiterite, with minor galena, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, carbonates, chlorite, and sericite. P.G. Korostelev and others, written commun., 1980. Russia L 53 17 Zabytoe 45 38 56N 45.6488888888889 135 25 04E 135.417777777778 W, Sn, Bi W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.01-0.1% Sn, 0.01-12.61% W2O3. Luzhkinsky Consists of complex Sn-Bi-W minerals related to a Late Cretaceous granitic stock. The upper part of the stock consists of leucogranite with biotite granite and granite porphyry. The lower part consists of granite and aplite that contain lithium micas with late-stage protolithionite and less abundant zinnwaldite. Deposit consists of quartz veins from 3 to 15 m thick and metasomatic zones in granite greisen and hornfels. Quartz-wolframite, quartz-sulfide and quartz-carbonate stages occur. Quartz-wolframite stage consists of quartz, wolframite, molybdenite, beryl, cassiterite and sulfides. Quartz-sulfide assemblage consists of quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite-sphalerite and quartz-pyrite-sphalerite-galena with Bi sulfosalts, bismuthine and native bismuth. Deposit contains high levels of Li and Rb. Deposit is zoned with Ni-Rb-W minerals in the central portion of the stock and later-stage sulfide-W deposit minerals at the periphery. Mo and Be increase with depth. P.G. Korostelev and others, written commun., 1987; Gvozdev and others, 1990. Russia L 53 18 Malinovskoe 45 08 11N 45.1363888888889 135 02 12E 135.036666666667 Cu Au Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Grade of 0.6-12.9 g/t Au, 0.42-4.5% Cu. Luzhkinsky Deposits consists of veinlet and disseminated minerals in syenite. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, gold, bismuthinite, glaucodot and sphalerite; with minor argentite, freibergite, galena, cinnabar and enargite. Scheelite and wolframite occur locally. Chalcopyrite content in veins decreases and arsenopyrite increases with depth. Deposit formed in several phases. Locally, veinlets and disseminated Cu minerals associated with quartz-sericite alteration. Epidote-chlorite-carbonate propylitic alteration is widespread in the area. Host rock altered to quartz-sericite rock. Au-sulfides are younger than Cu minerals and are associated with biotite-K-feldspar propylitic and sericitic alteration. Cu veins occur along contacts both in and outside the intrusive complex. Quartz-sulfide veins and lenses have variable thickness. Deposit occurs in syenite and monzodiorite that are part of a small intrusive complex of Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) gabbro and diorite, monzodiorite and syenite intruded into fractures in Early Cretaceous sedimentary rock. Country rock is contact metamorphosed, although intrusive contacts are mostly tectonic. Associated monzodiorite exhibits K-feldspar and biotitie alteration. Intrusive rock is of calc-alkaline and subalkaline series with high alumina content. Petrachenko and others, 1991. Russia L 53 19 Plastun 44 38 53N 44.6480555555556 136 12 23E 136.206388888889 Cu Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Associated skarn contains 30-350 g/t Ag, 0.3-0.8% Cu. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of veinlets and disseminations from 100 to 150 m thick, with sulfide-bearing zones from 15 to 20 m thick. Deposit minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite, with subordinate arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Deposit is hosted in Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) felsic volcanic rock. Alteration consists of chlorite, epidote, quartz and sericite. Deposit occurs at the flank of caldera filled with Late Cretaceous to Paleocene (Maastrichtian-Danian) volcanic rock. Underlying sedimentary rock of the Early Cretaceous accretionary-fold complex include lenticular skarns up to 10 m long and 1.0 to 1.5 m thick with disseminated magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Mikhailov, 1989. Russia L 53 2 Kafen 47 35 41N 47.5947222222222 136 15 27E 136.2575 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Not available. Samarka Consists of linear zones of quartz alteration with disseminated sulfides that occur around numerous granitic apophyses. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite. Veins occur at the margin of granite body and partly in host rock, in a zone of intense greisen and silica alteration. Deposit surrounded by a sulfide aureole and hosted in granite and granodiorite porphyry that form part of Early Cretaceous Khingan series with an earlier magmatic stage of dikes of gabbro and diorite. Country rock is Late Permian sandstone, siltstone, basalt, and basaltic tuff that are contact metamorphosed to hornfels. V.P. Bredikhin, written commun., 1979. Russia L 53 20 Ariadnoe 45 12 31 N 45.2086111111111 134 27 45 E 134.4625 Ti Pt Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Grade of 1.0-11.8% TiO2; 0.086% V2O5. Ariadny Consists of abundant disseminated ilmenite that occurs in layers in pyroxene-hornblende gabbro and pyroxenite in layered intrusions. The ilmenite layers are several tens of m thick and several hundred m long. A K-Ar isotopic age for the host intrusion is 160 to 170 Ma. Ilmenite contains rare PGE inclusions. Shcheka and Vrzhosek, 1985. Russia L 53 21 Skrytoe 45 05 02N 45.0838888888889 134 35 05E 134.584722222222 W WñMoñBe skarn Small Grade of 0.1-0.88% W2O3. Samarka Scheelite occurs in: (1) zones of quartz-epidote-feldspar hydrothermally-altered rock; zones range from several cm to several m thick; and (2) feldspar-quartz veins in skarn and hornfels. Skarn types are amphibole-plagioclase, garnet, pyroxene-plagioclase and wollastonite. Deposits and veins occur as sheets and consist of quartz, epidote, feldspar, chlorite, sericite, calcite; and rare apatite, prehnite, fluorite, sphene, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and scheelite skarn. Scheelite is concentrated in quartz-chlorite-sericite zones. Feldspar-quartz veins contain scheelite, arsenopyrite and apatite; as well as minor amounts of tourmaline, pyrrhotite, bismuthinite, native bismuth and fluorite. Quartz-pyrite veinlets with calcite and chlorite cut the W zones and veins. Thin veins of quartz-muscovite greisen occur to a depth of approximately 230 m. Age of deposit unknown, probably Early Cretaceous and similar to Vostok 2, Lermontovsky and Benevskoe deposits. Host rock is Jurassic siltstone and sandstone, Paleozoic chert, spilite and limestone. V.I. Gvozdev and others, written commun., 1988. Russia L 53 22 Yuzhnoe 44 44 49N 44.7469444444444 135 21 11E 135.353055555556 Pb, Zn, Ag Sn, Cd Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 349 g/t Ag, 6.78% Pb, 0.95% Sb, 0.16-1.2% Sn, 9.8% Zn. Mined for Ag from 1970's to present. Luzhkinsky Main vein occurs in a syncline in Early Cretaceous biotite siltstone intercalated with coarse-grained sandstone. Vein ranges from 0.5 to 1.4 m thick, extends for 1.6 km and is prospected to depth of 900 m. Deposit contains Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd and Bi minerals. Sn occurs at deeper levels. Three major host assemblages occur: (1) axinite-pyroxene-garnet; (2) quartz-sulfide; and (3) carbonate-silicate-sulfide. From top downward, vertically zoned mineral assemblages these: (1) sulfosalt-sulfide (Sb-Pb-Ag), (2) sulfide (galena-sphalerite-pyrrhotite), (3) quartz-arsenopyrite with hexagonal pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite and cassiterite. At deep levels of the eastern flank of the body is a Sn-polymetallic deposit (Sn-Ag-Pb). Deposit related to a subalkaline monzonite-diorite stock with K-Ar isotopic age of 75 to 98 Ma. Veins cut the stock and the sedimentary rock hosting stock. Vasilenko and Strizhkova, 1987. Russia L 53 23 Ussuri 45 18 06N 45.3016666666667 133 37 41E 133.628055555556 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Average grade of 23.8-38.6% Fe. Kabarga Hosted in Cambrian siliceous limestone, limestone, graphitic pelitic shale, Fe-Mn and phosphate layers and dolomite. The rock is intensely deformed. The stratigraphic thickness ranges up to 1 km. Magnetite and hematite layers occur along the layering planes between chert and intercalated with quartz-sericite-chlorite and quartz-sericite schist and dolomite. The upper part of the Fe occurrences is oxidized and contains Mn deposits, mainly pyrolusite that occurs in addition to the Fe deposits. Mineralogic and geochemical studies suggest an exhalative-sedimentary origin. Denisova, 1990. Russia L 53 24 Nikolaevskoe 44 35 18N 44.5883333333333 135 39 51E 135.664166666667 Pb, Zn Ag Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Grade of 62 g/t Ag, 1.5-8.7% Pb, 1.36-10.5% Zn. Mined from 1970's to present. Main shaft about 500 m deep. Sergeevka-Taukha Hosted in a giant olistolith of Triassic limestone that is part of an Early Cretaceous accretionary complex. The skarn occurs along the contacts of limestone with hosting siltstone and sandstone and with overlying felsic volcanic rock of a Late Cretaceous to Paleogene post-accretionary sequence. Small skarn bodies also occur in limestone blocks in the volcanic rock and are in fault contact with underlying basement. The deposit minerals are dominantly galena and sphalerite that replace an older hedenbergite skarn near the surface, and, at depth, replace a garnet-hedenbergite skarn. Subordinate deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, fluorite and Ag-sulfosalts. The K-Ar isotopic age of deposits ranges between 60 and 80 Ma. Garbuzov and others, 1987; V.V. Ratkin in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia L 53 25 Smirnovskoe 44 38 04N 44.6344444444444 135 19 59E 135.333055555556 Pb, Zn, Sn Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 69 g/t Ag, 2.69% Pb, 0.41% Sn, 3.52% Zn. Mined for Ag from 1950's to about 1993. Luzhkinsky Consists of (1) cassiterite and sulfides in shear zones and (2) quartz vein and greisen. Cassiterite and sulfides occur in a series of en echelon shear zones along a regional fault. Host rock is weakly propylite-altered Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) flysch. Shear zones range from 0.5 to 2.10 m thick, range up to 2 km long and extend down dip at least 960 m. In addition to Zn, Pb and Sn, deposit contains lesser Ag, In and Cd. A zonal succession of mineral assemblages, from top downwards, consists of: (1) carbonate-sulfosalt-sulfide; (2) quartz-sulfide; (3) quartz-arsenopyrite-cassiterite; and (4) pyrrhotite. K-Ar isotopic age of 80 Ma on nearby intrusive monzonite interpreted as age of deposit. Quartz vein and greisen consists of metasomatic quartz-muscovite and quartz-topaz-fluorite zones and veins with Pb and Zn sulfides and cassiterite. Zones range up to 6 m wide in cavities. K-Ar isotopic age of 45 to 60 Ma for greisen. Formation of greisen related to a complex of small high-K monzonite-diorite intrusions at Yushnoe. Vasilenko and Strizhkova, 1987. Russia L 53 26 Krasnogorskoye 2 44 24 00N 44.4 135 58 02E 135.967222222222 Pb, Zn Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 62 g/t Ag, 5% Pb, 0.26% Sn, and 6.77% Zn. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of steeply-dipping quartz-sulfide veins that range up to several hundred m long along strike and from 0.2 to 1.5 m thick. The veins intrude Late Cretaceous tuff. Sphalerite, cassiterite and galena are the dominant deposit minerals and the margins of veins contain pyrite-marcasite-pyrrhotite with lesser Sb-Ag-sulfosalts. In the deeper level of the deposit, galena contains up to several percent Ag and Bi in matildite. The volcanic rock adjacent to the polymetallic veins is altered to quartz and chlorite. In the core of the veins, chlorite, Mn calcite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite and spessartine occur with quartz gangue. The veins occur near a Late Cretaceous and Paleocene volcanic vent. The vent breccia also contains disseminated sphalerite, galena and cassiterite. The veins formed immediately after deposits of the vent breccia that has an approximate K-Ar isotopic age of 65 Ma. Ratkin and others, 1990. Russia L 53 27 Lidovskoe 44 26 01N 44.4336111111111 135 48 35E 135.809722222222 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 7.8% Pb, 6.4% Zn. Mined since 1950's. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of gently-dipping (approximately 30ø) sulfide veins that cut Early Cretaceous siltstone and sandstone. Most veins contain galena and sphalerite, with subordinate gangue minerals. Deposit formed in two stages: (1) quartz, muscovite, chlorite, arsenopyrite, pyrite and cassiterite; and (2) pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, stannite, carbonates and chlorite. Quartz-calcite veinlets with minor sulfides were emplaced during the later stage, after the intrusion of basalt dikes. Some bodies, with composition similar to that of veins, are saddle-shaped; with ore overlying the gently-dipping upper surfaces of granodiorite bodies. Granodiorite is altered by autometasomatism. Age of granodiorite and associated ore is 69 to 72 Ma (K-Ar). Govorov, 1977; Ratkin and others, 1990. Russia L 53 28 Dalnegorsk 44 28 41N 44.4780555555556 135 34 54E 135.581666666667 B Boron (datolite) skarn Large World class deposit.Produces over 90% all borates in Russia. Mined from 1970's to present. Sergeevka-Taukha Occurs in a thick skarn formed in a large, upturned olistolith of bedded Triassic limestone that is enclosed in Early Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rock. The skarn extends to a depth of approximately 1 km, where it is intrude off by a granitic intrusion. The skarn formed in two stages, with a second-stage skarn over-printing an earlier skarn. The two stages of skarn formation are separated in time by intrusion of intermediate-composition magmatic bodies (with an approximate K-Ar isotopic age of 70 Ma). The first stage skarn consists of grossular-wollastonite skarn, is concentrically zoned, and consists of finely-banded aggregates with numerous finely crystalline datolite and druse-like accumulations of danburite crystals in paleohydrothermal cavities. The second stage skarn consists predominantly of long, radiated hedenbergite and andradite with coarsely-crystalline datolite, danburite, quartz, axinite, and calcite. An Ar-Ar isotopic age for orthoclase in the second stage skarn assemblage is 57 Ma. The silicate mineralogy of the first-stage skarn is similar to Zn-Pb (ñAg, Cu) skarn deposits in the belt. B isotopic studies indicate a magmatic source for boron. The Dalnegorsk open-pit mine at the deposit is explored to a depth of 1 km. . Ratkin, 1991; Ratkin and Watson, 1993; P. Layer, V. Ivanov, and T. Bundtzen, written commun., 1994. Russia L 53 29 Partizanskoe (Soviet 2, Svetliy Otvod) 44 25 19N 44.4219444444444 135 29 52E 135.497777777778 Pb, Zn Ag Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Grade of 67.6 g/t Ag, 1.5-3% Pb, 0.6-4% Zn. Mined from 1950's to present. Sergeevka-Taukha Consists of numerous, small, steeply-dipping skarn bodies that occur at the contact of a Triassic limestone olistolith surrounded by a Early Cretaceous clastic rock. Deposits merge and form a single skarn body about 400 m below the surface and pinch out at depth of approximately 600 m. The skarn assemblages are vertically zoned and higher temperature assemblages occur deeper. Massive, densely disseminated Ag-Pb-Zn sulfides (with a Pb/Zn ratio about 1.0) occur above a quartz-calcite aggregate in the upper part of the deposit. Massive, densely-disseminated Pb-Zn sulfides (with a Pb/Zn ratio about 0.8) are associated with Mn hedenbergite skarn and occur in the middle part of the deposit. Disseminated Zn sulfides (with a Pb/Zn ratio about 0.5) occur in ilvaite-garnet-hedenbergite skarn in the lower part of the deposit. Galena and sphalerite are the dominant deposit minerals; chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite are common; and minor magnetite, pyrrhotite and marcasite also occur. Ag-bearing minerals are Ag-and Sb-sulfosalts in the upper part of the deposit and galena in the lower part. Galena contains Ag as a solid solution of matildite. The age of deposit is bracketed between 60 and 80 Ma by basalt dikes that intrude the deposit at the contact of olistolith and by the lower part of the overlying volcanic strata that contain the deposit. Deposit consists of four or more related bodies that occur along an about 5 km strike length, including the Soviet 2, Partizansk East, Partizansk West and Svetliyotvod bodies. The underground workings have a total length about 11 km. Ratkin and others, 1991. Russia L 53 3 Katenskoe 47 17 28N 47.2911111111111 136 12 57E 136.215833333333 Ti Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Large Not available. Ariadny Consists of disseminated ilmenite in Early Cretaceous pyroxene-hornblende gabbro and olivine gabbro. Deposit consists of lenticular bodies that are several tens of m thick and at least 1 km long. Shcheka and others, 1991. Russia L 53 30 Zarechnoe 44 39 29N 44.6580555555556 134 39 00E 134.65 Cu Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Grade of 0.05 g/t Au, 0.02-0.9% Cu. Luzhkinsky Occurs in a 400 x 800 m elongate stockwork that is spatially related to fractured andesite flows. Deposit exhibits intense propylitic alteration (actinolite, epidote, biotite and chlorite) with fine veinlets, disseminations and small pockets of chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, cuprite, pyrite and arsenopyrite. Deposit occurs in a Late Mesozoic andesite-trachyandesite volcanic sequence in the Central Fault zone that occurs between the Samarka and Zhuravlevsky terranes. Petrachenko and Petrachenko, 1985. Russia L 53 31 Khrustalnoe 44 28 08N 44.4688888888889 134 58 45E 134.979166666667 Sn Pb, W, Ag Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 0.8-1.7% Pb, 0.22% Sn, up to 11.8% Zn. Mined during 1950's and 1960's. Luzhkinsky Deposit consists of 70 to 80 steeply-dipping veins with dominantly NS and NW trends. Veins extend for up to 1 to 3 km along strike and up for 500 to 600 m down dip; with an average thickness of 0.15 to 0.20 cm. The major mineral assemblages occur in a zonal pattern. At deep levels are quartz-cassiterite and early quartz-sulfide with arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and stannite. At shallow levels are late-stage quartz-sulfide containing galena and sphalerite. Tourmaline alteration of wallrock occurs at deep levels and chlorite alteration occurs at shallow levels. Radkevich and others, 1980. Russia L 53 32 Vysokogorskoe 44 20 48N 44.3466666666667 135 10 00E 135.166666666667 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 1.0% Sn. Mined from 1960's to present. Largest mine in Kavalerova area. Luzhkinsky Consists of quartz-chlorite-cassiterite, quartz-sulfide-cassiterite and sulfide-cassiterite veins and fracture zones in Early Cretaceous olistostrome partially overlain by Late Cretaceous felsic volcanic rock. Sn minerals are related to the areas of quartz-tourmaline alteration about 5-6 m thick. Average thickness of veins and zones is 1.2 to 1.4 m, with lengths of 400 to 500 m. Deposit extends to a depth of 700 m. In addition to cassiterite, deposit contains chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite; and rare galena and sphalerite. Sulfosalts of Bi and Ag are common. Litavrina and Kosenko, 1978; Ryabchenko, 1983. Russia L 53 33 Arsenyevsky 44 25 26 N 44.4238888888889 134 47 14 E 134.787222222222 Sn Pb, Zn, W, Ag Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 2-3% Sn. Locally up to 20-25% Sn, Also contains from 0.1-0.5% WO3 , 1-2% Pb and Zn , and a few hundred ppm Ag. Mined since 1970's. Luzhkinsky Consists of a series of parallel, steeply-dipping quartz veins that extend up to 1000 m along strike and 600 to 700 m downdip. The deposit is closely controlled by moderate-to steeply-dipping rhyolite dikes with a K-Ar isotopic age of 60 Ma. The ore mineral assemblage is vertically zoned. From the top downwards, the assemblages are: quartz-cassiterite; quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite; polymetallic; and arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite. The rhyolite exhibits quartz-sericite alteration. Local miarolithic cavities are filled with cassiterite. Rub and others, 1974; Radkevich and others, 1980. Russia L 53 34 Koksharovskoe 44 27 38N 44.4605555555556 134 08 07E 134.135277777778 Ti P Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Grade of 1.0-10% P2O5; 3.3-4.5% TiO2. Ariadny Consists of disseminated ilmenite, magnetite and apatite that occur in a hornblende and biotite pyroxenite with a K-Ar isotopic age of 160 Ma. Minor PGE minerals also occur. Intrusive rock is weathered and weathered pyroxenite may have economic concentrations of vermiculite. Shcheka and others, 1991. Russia L 53 35 Lazurnoe 44 06 00N 44.1 134 24 00E 134.4 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Contains up to 3 g/t Au, 0.3-0.6% Cu, 0.008-0.2% Mo. Luzhkinsky Consists of a stockwork of veinlets and disseminated deposit minerals in an asymmetric semi-ring; around the hypabyssal body. Chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, sphalerite and molybdenite occur to a depth of 300 m. Sulfides associated with propylitic alteration (epidote, chlorite, sericite and carbonate) and weak silica alteration and K-feldspar alteration of veinlets. Quartz-carbonate veins with sulfides occur at surface. The porphyry stockwork zone is 500 x 60 m, with an average concentration of approximately 0.15% Cu. Deposit related to hypabyssal Late Cretaceous gabbro and monzonite and monzodiorite that intrude Early Cretaceous sedimentary rock adjacent to the Central Major fault. The stock is intruded by granodiorite that contains a Au-sulfide occurrence. R.I. Petrachenko and V.G. Gonevchuk, written commun., 1984; Petrachenko and others, 1987. Russia L 53 36 Chernyshevskoe 44 24 00N 44.4 133 17 00E 133.283333333333 Zn, Pb Korean Pb-Zn massive sulfide Small Grade of 1.5-6.5% Pb and 0.7-2.5% Zn. Voznesenka Consists of layered assemblage of pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite that occurs at the contact of a limestone sequence with overlying Early Cambrian siltstone. Rare conformable zones of disseminated sulfide occur in the limestone away from the contact. The sulfide bodies are 1 to 2 m thick and have a surface exposure of 100 by 200 m. The deposit was drilled to a depth of about 100 m. Bazhanov, 1988. Russia L 53 37 Voznesenka-I 44 18 00N 44.3 132 07 51E 132.130833333333 Zn Korean Pb-Zn massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 4% Zn. Voznesenka Consists of massive and thick-banded sphalerite and magnetite-sphalerite layers in Early Cambrian bedded limestone turbidite. Deposits are lenticular, 1 to 2 m thick, 20 to 100 m long and occur in dolomitic limestone and marl. The sulfide bodies and host rock is folded and regionally metamorphosed. The sulfide bodies were locally altered to skarn and greisen during emplacement of a Silurian granitic stock that intrudes the-carbonate unit. Androsov and Ratkin, 1990. Russia L 53 38 Yaroslavskoe 44 15 58N 44.2661111111111 132 13 16E 132.221111111111 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.52% Sn. Mined from 1950's to 1970's. Yaroslavka Occurs mainly in greisen that mainly replaces skarn, limestone and shale and to lesser extent granite and granite porphyry that has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 408 Ma and an initial Sr ratio of 0.7136. Sn quartz and quartz-tourmaline veins also replace skarn along with greisen. The Sn bodies occur in three mineral assemblages: (1) tourmaline and quartz; (2) tourmaline and fluorite; and (3) sulfide, tourmaline and quartz with subordinate cassiterite, polymetallic sulfides and chlorite. The sulfides are mainly pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Deposit occurs along the contact of a early Paleozoic biotite granite (with an approximate isotopic age of 400 Ma) that intrudes Early Cambrian shale, siltstone, sandstone and limestone. The relatively older pyroxene-scapolite, vesuvianite-garnet and epidote-amphibole skarns replace limestone and shale along granite contacts and in rare limestone inclusions in the granite. Over forty Sn occurrences occur in the metallogenic belt. Govorov, 1977. Russia L 53 39 Voznesenka-II 44 11 01N 44.1836111111111 132 08 05E 132.134722222222 Fluorite Fluorite greisen Large Resources of 450 million tonnes fluorite ore averaging 30-35% CaF2. Mined since 1960's. Currently largest producer of fluorite in Russia. Yaroslavka Consists of massive to disseminated fluorite that occurs above the apex of a 1.5 km wide intrusion of Late Cambrian Li-F alaskite granite with an isotopic age of 512 to 475 Ma. Deposit consists of vein and greisen that occurs along a NS-trending fault. Deposit consists of muscovite-fluorite aggregates that occur along the periphery whereas vein greisen occurs in the middle. Greisen is often brecciated, indicating a two-stage origin. Fragments of breccia consist of mica and fluorite, fluorite limestone, greisen and granite altered to greisen. Fragments are cemented by quartz-topaz-mica-fluorite aggregate that formed during a second stage. Deposit is interpreted as forming during metasomatic replacement of Early Cambrian black organic limestone and alteration to greisen. Androsov and Ratkin, 1990. Russia L 53 4 Salyut 46 22 00N 46.3666666666667 137 41 00E 137.683333333333 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 1.75 g/t Au. Kema Consists of teeply-dipping veins and veinlets in alteration zones. Veins range from 0.1 to 1.5 m thick; zones range from 0.3 to 40-50 m thick. Deposit formed in several stages including: (1) sulfide-poor gold-pyrite-quartz, argentite-adularia-quartz veins; and (2) sulfide-rich Cu polymetallic veins. Major minerals are argentite, sphalerite, native silver and gold, quartz, adularia, fluorite and chlorite, with subordinate galena, chalcopyrite, hematite, pyrargyrite and acanthite. Deposit minerals have high Ag and F content. Hydrothermal alteration consists of hydromica-chlorite, chlorite-carbonate and argillite. Host rock is Late Cretaceous to Paleogene felsic tuff, tuffite and minor andesite. Deposit presumably related to the extrusion of late-stage subalkaline rhyolite. A.N. Rodionov, written commun., 1983. Russia L 53 5 Glinyanoe 46 11 00N 46.1833333333333 137 55 11E 137.919722222222 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 8.3 g/t Au, and 122 g/t Ag. Kema Consists of adularia-quartz, sericite-chlorite-quartz and carbonate and chlorite-quartz veins and zones that contain pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, argentite, acanthite, Ag-tellurides, and native gold and Ag. The veins and zones occur in silica-altered volcanic rock that overlies Late Cretaceous (Santonian) felsic volcanic rock. Deposit formed in four stages: (1) gold-pyrite-quartz; (2) quartz-hydromica and quartz-carbonate; (3) gold-Ag; and (4) quartz-chlorite-adularia with Ag-sulfosalts. The age of the deposit is interpreted as Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. A.N. Rodionov, written commun., 1986. Russia L 53 6 Malakhitovoe 47 05 52N 47.0977777777778 135 04 20E 135.072222222222 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Grade of 0.1-1.6% Cu in stockwork; up to 0.5% Cu in breccia zone. Samarka Occurs in a circular aureole of hydrothermally-altered rock with dimensions of 200 x 200 m. The aureole occurs over an intrusive dome. Successive mineral assemblages are: (1) quartz-biotite-actinolite with pyroxene and epidote; (2) quartz-biotite-actinolite; (3) quartz-biotite-sericite (ñ chlorite); and (4) quartz-hydromica with carbonate. A stockwork contains the first three facies and consists of a thick network of quartz-epidote-actinolite veinlets and lenses that range up to 2-3 cm thick and contain chalcopyrite, bornite and pyrite. Heavily fractured and brecciated chert and siltstone in breccia zones are prospected with a few holes to a depth of 100 m. Deposit minerals in breccia zones are chalcopyrite, bornite, molybdenite and pyrite, rare pyrrhotite, cubanite, arsenopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Carbonate veinlets with chalcopyrite also occur. Deposit occurs at NW margin of a volcanic-tectonic depression that contains a lower structural stage of Early Cretaceous sandstone interlayered with siltstone and shale that grades upwards into conglomerate and sandstone that is overlain by Paleogene andesite and basalt, andesite lava and lava breccia. Local intrusive rock consist of dikes of calc-alkaline andesite porphyry that is interpreted as tongues of a domal subvolcanic intrusion. Petrachenko and Petrachenko, 1985. Russia L 53 7 Verkhnezolotoe 46 32 00N 46.5333333333333 136 25 49E 136.430277777778 Cu, Sn W, As, Zn Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Grade of 3 g/t Au, 86 g/t Ag, 0.35-2.27% Cu, 0.69% Pb, 0.26% Sn. Kema? Occurs at the NW margin of a caldera that contains dikes of calc-alkaline andesite porphyry that is interpreted as tongues of a domeal subvolcanic intrusion. A stockwork occurs in a circular aureole of hydrothermally-altered rock with a surface exten of 200 m2 over the intrusive dome. Successive alterations are: (1) quartz-biotite-actinolite with pyroxene and epidote; (2) quartz-biotite-actinolite; (3) quartz-biotite-sericite and local chlorite; and (4) quartz-hydromica with carbonate. The stockwork contains the first three alterations and consists of a thick network of quartz-epidote-actinolite veinlets and lenses up to 2 to 3 cm thick with chalcopyrite, bornite and pyrite. The stockwork is related to a diorite stock. The stockwork boundary coincides with an aureole of the biotite alteration. An intensely-fractured breccia of siliceous siltstone was encountered by drill holes that extend to 100 m depth. The deposit minerals in the breccia zones are chalcopyrite and bornite. Molybdenite and pyrite and rare pyrrhotite, cubanite, arsenopyrite, galena and sphalerite also occur. Carbonate and chalcopyrite veinlets also occur. The richest part of the deposit is associated with Sn, Cu and local W W minerals. An oxidized zone up to 20-30 m thick caps the deposit. Orlovsky and others, 1988. Russia L 53 8 Nesterovskoe 46 03 50N 46.0638888888889 137 49 23E 137.823055555556 Cu Mo, Ag Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Not available. Kema Consists of a 50 x 200 m aureole of hydrothermally-altered stock. Dominant alteration is quartz-sericite. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and molybdenite. Malachite occurs in oxidized zone. Ag content increases with depth. Deposit occurs in a fault zone cutting granodiorite and host rock. Zone contains vein and disseminated Cu minerals. Deposit minerals occur to depths of several tens of m. Deposit occurs 6 km inland from the Sea of Japan in volcanic rock cut by Late Cretaceous and Paleogene intrusions. The area contains numerous andesite and dacite extrusions. Petrachenko and others, 1989. Russia L 53 9 Yantarnoe 46 20 09N 46.3358333333333 136 33 56E 136.565555555556 Sn Porphyry Sn Small Grade of 0.1-2.17% Cu, 0.03-1.02% Pb, 7.3% Sn, and 0.7-2.22% Zn. Luzhkinsky Consists of veinlets and disseminations of cassiterite and sulfides in a pipe of volcanic breccia composed of trachyandesite and rhyolite. These units intrude Early Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rock. The older part of the deposit is in rhyolite in the pipe that contains pyrite and chalcopyrite. The younger and major part of the deposit formed after intrusion of the explosive breccia and consists of metasomatic quartz-chlorite, quartz-sericite and quartz-chlorite-sericite alterations that contain a sulfide-free cassiterite-chlorite-quartz assemblage and a Sn-polymetallic assemblage rich in galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite. The host igneous rock is spatially related to Paleocene volcanic vents with K-Ar isotopic ages of about 65 Ma. Rodionov, 1988. Russia L 54 1 Yagodnoe 47 08 46N 47.1461111111111 138 34 47E 138.579722222222 Au, Ag Pb, Cu, Zn Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 4.28 g/t Au, 49.3 g/t Ag. Kema Occurs in thin zones, up to 1 km long, of hydrothermally-altered quartz and chlorite rock with superimposed Au-polymetallic deposit that contains galena and sphalerite, with minor chalcopyrite, Ag sulfides and molybdenite. Zones are associated with Paleocene (Danian) intrusions of diorite and quartz diorite and granodiorite and granite that intrude Late Cretaceous granite. R.I. Petrachenko, written commun., 1988. Russia L 54 2 Burmatovskoe 47 05 31N 47.0919444444444 138 06 18E 138.105 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 0.8-8.4 g/t Au, 10-61 g/t Ag. Kema Consists of Au-Ag replacement of Paleocene age that occurs as lenticular metasomatic zones of varying mineralogy: (1) hydromica-quartz; (2) sericite-chlorite-quartz; and (3) carbonate-quartz. Local skarn and propylite composed of magnetite, hematite, and chalcopyrite. Ore zones are several hundred m long. Au/Ag ratio is 1:1 to 1:100 and higher. Ore minerals, which comprise up to 10% of the rock, are gold, silver, argentite, proustite, polybasite, and pyrargyrite. Deposit not explored at depth. Host rocks are Late Cretaceous felsic tuff, tuffite, tuffaceous sandstone, and andesite that are intruded by Paleocene rhyolite and dacite. Rodionov and Kuznetsov, 1984. Russia L 54 3 Sukhoe 46 57 54N 46.965 138 08 50E 138.147222222222 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Not available. Kema Consists of carbonate-quartz, adularia-quartz and chlorite-quartz veins that contain gold, Ag, polybasite, pyrargyrite, proustite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Hydromica-quartz alteration zones are associated with host veins. Au/Ag ratio ranges from 1:15 to 1:40. Veins are 5 cm to 2.5 m thick and several tens to several hundred m long. Veinlet zones have no clear boundaries. Deposit is hosted in altered Late Cretaceous tuff and rhyolite lava. Veins and zones are related to the extrusions and dikes of Paleocene (Danian) andesite. A.N. Rodionov, written commun., 1986. Russia L 54 4 Motokura 44 41 06N 44.685 142 28 20E 142.472222222222 Pb, Zn, Cu Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 7.15% Pb, 8.01% Zn, 1.03% Cu, 3 g/t Au, 50 g/t Ag. Production of 131,696 tonnes ore(from 1957-1965), 11,000 tonnes Pb, 9,800 tonnes Zn, 700 tonnes Cu, 8.6 tonnes Ag. Northeast Hokkaido Consists of NE-striking quartz veins with less significant NW-striking veins. Veins range up to 2 m thick and about 150 m long. Veins are mainly quartz and sericite, with minor barite. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena and pyrite, with an assemblage of chalcopyrite, bornite and argentite. Deposit occurs in Miocene altered andesite. Wallrock exhibit quartz, chlorite, calcite, sericite and albite alteration. Chlorite alteration is most extensive. K-Ar isotopic age of adularia-bearing silica-altered rock from the deposit is 12.3 +/-0.6 Ma. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Yahata and others, 1996. Japan L 54 5 Ryushoden 44 18 46N 44.3127777777778 143 19 25E 143.323611111111 Hg Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 0.27% Hg. Production of 880 tonnes Hg (from 1947-1974). Northeast Hokkaido Consists of dissemination that occur along faults. Pyrite, cinnabar and calcite veins occur in the disseminated zone. The main deposit mineral is cinnabar and minor deposit minerals are native Hg and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite and calcite. Deposit is hosted in Miocene sandstone. Rhyolite occurs SW of the deposit and may be related to the deposit. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Kato and others, 1990. Japan L 54 6 Numanoue 44 10 42N 44.1783333333333 143 26 03E 143.434166666667 Ag, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 3-17 g/t Au,15-1,500 g/t Ag. Production of 1.2 tonnes Au, 65 tonnes Ag (from 1927-1959). Northeast Hokkaido Consists of EW-striking quartz veins. Veins range up to 3 m thick and about 400 m long. Veins are comprised mainly quartz, with minor calcite, barite and adularia. Main deposit minerals are argentite and native gold along with pyrargyrite, cerargyrite, native silver and pyrite. Deposit occurs in Miocene rhyolite. Wallrocks exhibit quartz, chlorite, calcite, and sericite alteration. K-Ar isotopic age of adularia in the vein is 12.7 +/-0.3 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1917. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Kato and others, 1990; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990;MITI, 1994; Yahata and others, 1999. Japan L 54 7 Sanru 44 23 05N 44.3847222222222 142 38 43E 142.645277777778 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 7.3 g/t Au, 42 g/t Ag. Production of 807,735 tonnes ore (from 1925-1943, 1957-1983). Production of 5.92 tonnes Au, 33.8 tonnes Ag. Northeast Hokkaido Consists of ENE-striking quartz veins. Veins range up to 4 m thick and about 1500 m long. Veins are mainly quartz, adularia, kaoline, calcite and sericite. Main deposit minerals are electrum, argentite, pyrargyrite and pyrite. Minor deposit minerals are sitbnite and cinabar. Deposit occurs in Miocene rhyolite tuff and mudstone. K-Ar isotopic age of adularia in the vein is 12.4 +/-0.6 Ma. Wallrock exhibit quartz, kaoline and pyrite alteration. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1968; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990; Sugaki and Isobe, 1985. Japan L 54 8 Konomai 44 08 00N 44.1333333333333 143 21 00E 143.35 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 6.4 g/t Au, 108 g/t Ag. Production of 11,486,000 tonnes ore, 73.2 tonnes Au, 1,240 tonnes Ag (from 1917-1973). Northeast Hokkaido Consists of EW and NE-striking quartz veins. More than 18 veins occur in an area 15 by 5 km. One typical vein is 10 thick m and 2,100 m long. The veins mainly consists of quartz, chalcedony, calcite and adularia. The main deposit minerals are native gold, native silver, argentite and miargyrite. Minor deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Theveins are hosted in Miocene rhyolite tuff, mudstone and altered andesite. A K-Ar isotopic age for adularia from the vein is 12.9 + 0.4 Ma. Deposit was discovered in 1915 and the mine closed in 1973. Sumitomo Metal Minig Co, 1981; Kato and others, 1990; Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 1990; Maeda, 1990. Japan L 54 9 Shimokawa 44 13 25N 44.2236111111111 142 41 34E 142.692777777778 Cu, Zn, Co Besshi Cu-Zn-Ag massive sulfide Medium Average grade of 2.3% Cu, 0.8% Zn, 0.22%Co, 20.3% S. Production of 6,800,000 tonnes (from 1941-1982). Hidaka Consists of seven sulfide bodies that occur along the same stratigraphic horizon. The horizon strikes NS and dips 50 to 60o E. The sulfide bodies occur along a 1,800 m long zone. Average thickness of the bodies is 5.2 m with a maximum of 30 m. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and magnetite. Minor deposit minerals are cubanite, valleriite, cobalt-bearing pentlandite and cobaltite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, sericite and cabonate minerals. Deposit occurs between tholeiitic pillow basalt and slate of the Cretaceous Hidaka Group. Tholeiitic rock show geochemical similarity to mid-ocean ridge basalt or marginal basin basalt. Host rock is altered from zeolite to amphibolite facies. Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan, 1965; Kato and others, 1990; Mariko and Kato, 1994. Japan M 44 1 Alexandrovskoye 1 51 46 00 N 51.7666666666667 83 51 E 83.85 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of the series of north-north-west-striking thin (up to 2-3 cm) quartz-turmaline veins hosted in slightly greisenized finegrained granite of Taltsk massif (P-T). The veins are placed echelon-like and sometimes formed stockwork. The veins contain disseminated wolframite and sheelite. The separate large quartz veins (up to 0,8 m) with pyrite, chalcopyrite, rare sheelite and molibdenite take place. Alexandrov, 1947; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 44 10 Maslenskoye 51 25 00N 51.4166666666667 82 24 00E 82.4 Cu Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Reserves of 17000 tonnes. Rudny Altai Consists of Cu-sulfide lenses and layers in Frasnian (Late Devonian) porphyry and tuff. Amygdaloidal porphyry and their tuffs with interbeds of sericite-quartz shale and siltstone are intensely schistose. In the shear zones they are changed into chlorite-quartz shale in shoots. Eleven conformable bodies were explored. The largest extends to 600 m along strike and contains 83% total Cu reserves. Wall-rock alterations are silica alteration, chlorite alteration and pyrite alteration. Ore mineals occur in disseminations and streaks and are chalcopyrite and pyrite with lesser galena and sphalerite. The major gangue mineral is quartz. Epidote, calcite, sericite and chlorite occur also. Deposit is mined to 70 m depth. Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1991. Russia M 44 11 Korgon 50 55 00N 50.9166666666667 83 51 00 E 83.85 Fe Ti Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Resources of 38,500,000 tonnes grading of 12,3-49.8% Fe; 0.41-2.71% TiO2. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of lenses and layers of hematite-magnetite hosted in Middle Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit mineral horizon ranges up to 50 m thick and extends to 6.5 km along strike. Bodies rithmically alternate with argillo-siliceous and argillo-arenaceous rock. Magnetite skarn bodies occur along the exocontact of Permian granite porphyry intrusive (Verkhne-Korgon occurrence). The main body extends along strike up to 3,25 km, others are 30-500 m long. Average thickness of bodies is 4 m, increasing age in swells up to 19 m. The deposit minerals are hematite, magnetite and magnetite. Grade of S is 0.29%. Kuznetsov, 1982; Kalugin, 1985. Russia M 44 12 Inskoye 51 02 30N 51.0416666666667 83 09 E 83.15 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 45.2% Fe; 0.06% P2O5. Reserves of 250,000,000 tonnes. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of magnetite layers in an Eifelian volcanic and sedimentary sequence. The host rock is intruded by the Permian Tigerek granitoid pluton. Along the contact with the granitoid, host rock is recrystallized to hornfels and skarn. Deposit occurs in an area that extends for 4.7 km long and ranges from 100 to 400 m wide. The deposit contains four main bodieb that each range from 180 to 1000 m long, extend from 150 to 640 m deep, and have an average thickness of 8 to 40 m. Ore minerals occur in masses and bands, and rarely disseminations, spots, breccia, and streaks. The main ore assemblage is amphibole, pyroxene, and magnetite. Locally occurring are garnet, chlorite, epidote, carbonate, quartz, and scapolite. Associated ore minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, minor chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. One interpretation is formation during volcanism and sedimentation with subsequent regional and contact metamorphism (Kalugin, 1985). Another interpretation is formation during contact-metasomatism. Kalugin, 1974,1981; Chekalin and Polovnikova, 1997; Orlov, 1998. Russia M 44 13 Zacharovskoye 51 37 00N 51.6166666666667 81 23 00E 81.3833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 5.96% Pb, 10.56% Zn, 2.03% Cu, 58 g/t Ag. Reserves of 165,500 tonnes Pb, 294,000 tonnes Zn, 55,800 tonnes Cu, 161 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses and layers of pyrite-polymetallic bodies hosted in Givetian-Frasnian (Middle and Late Devonian) volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs in a synclinal fold with gentle (10-20ø) limbs that, in turn, occur on the limb of the Aleisk anticlinorium. Host rock is siliceous-argillic siltstone with interbeds of siliceous tuffs, tuffaceous sandstone and rhyolite porphyry. Hydrothermally-altered siltstone include stratified deposits of pyrite-polymetallic minerals. The magmatic formations consist ofthe Late Devonian subvolcanic bodies of rhyolite and dacite porphyry.Wallrock varies from chlorite and chlorite-carbonate to quartz-sericite metasomatite. The stratified deposit is elongated SE to more than 800 m. It includes lenses and layers with thicknesses of 0.5 to 20-25 m. The deposit minerals are oxidized to 140 m depth. The zone of secondary sulfide enrichment is about 30 m thick. The primary sulfides occur in streaks and disseminations. The massive deposit minerals occur only locally on the hanging walls. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite. Fahlore and marcasite occur rarely. Oxidized deposit minerals are Cu and Pb carbonates, sulfates and oxides. The Pb:Zn:Cu ratio of deposit minerals is 1:2.5:0.2. Doronin and Kartashev, 1982; Zyryanova and others, 1983; Gaskov and others, 1991; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 14 Stepnoye 51 26 00N 51.4333333333333 81 55 00E 81.9166666666667 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 3.73% Pb, 7.45% Zn, 1.14% Cu, 35 g/t Ag. Reserves of 163,300 tonnes Pb, 325,800 tonnes Zn, 53,000 tonnes Cu, 173 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of series of lenses of sulfide polymetallic minerals hosted in Givetian (Middle Devonian) volcanic and sedimentary rock overlapped by Frasnian (Late Devonian) volcanic rock (siliceous lava, tuff and tuffaceous sandstone). Deposit is confined to the wing of volcanic depression that is cut by numerous fault zones of sublatitudinal and NW strike. Deposit occurs in the upper part of sedimentary rock series just near the contact of overlapping volcanic rock. It extends on more than 1 km along strike. Bodies occur in lenses and are controlled by interlayer fracture zones. They are 50-90 m long. Hydrothermal wallrock alterations are silica alteration, sericite alteration, carbonate alteration and barite alteration. The deposit minerals occur in masses, nests, streaks and disseminations. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, lesser fahlore, marcasite, chalcocite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, carbonates, barite. Deposit minerals are oxidized up to 30-50 m to depth. The Cu:Pb:Zn ratio in primary deposit minerals is 1:3.5:6.5. Kuznetsov, 1982; Abdulin and Kayupov, 1978; Chekalin, 1981; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 15 Talovskoye 51 26 00N 51.4333333333333 81 55 00E 81.9166666666667 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 5.35% Pb, 11.05% Zn, 1.87% Cu, 34.5 g/t Ag. Reserves of 176,900 tonnes Pb, 370,400 tonnes Zn, 60,700 tonnes Cu, 117 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses and ribbons of massive and streaky sulfide polymetallic minerals hosted in Givetian-Frasnian (Middle Devonian-Late Devonian) volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs in a volcanic depression that is filled by alternating argillaceous and argillic-siliceous siltstone and siliceous tuffs overlapped by volcanic rock series (lava, tuffs and tuff sandstone of siliceous composition). The central part of the depression consists of subvolcanic bodies of rhyolite and rhyolite-dacite porphyry. Volcanic and deposit-forming hydrothermal processes are controlled by the Talovsk fault zone. The host horizon is 60-370 m thick and dips at the angles 20-70ø. Polymetallic minerals are concentrated in hydrothermally-altered (sericite, chlorite and silica alterations) siltstone and siliceous tuff. They extend 400 m along strike. There are several conformable bodies of 50-70 m long. The deposit minerals occur mainly in masses, disseminations, streaks and are fine-grained. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are chlorite, sericite, quartz, rare calcite, barite. The Cu:Pb:Zn ratio is 1:3:6. The thickness of overlapping loose sedimentary rock reaches 100 m. Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1983; Sahrov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 16 Kolivanskoye 51 11 00 N 51.1833333333333 82 38 30 E 82.6416666666667 W Cu W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.68% WO3, 1.4% Cu. Kolyvansk Consists of steeply-dipping quartz veins that extendup to 120 to 150 m, lenses and nests that occur in a thick aplite granite dike that is interpreted as a an apophysis of a major biotite granite pluton. The quartz veins extend at least 500 m deep. The deposit minerals are wolframite, scheelite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite and Bi-minerals. Gangue minerals are quartz, muscovite, fluorite, K-feldspar and tourmaline. From 1936 to 1960, 13 veins were mined with average grade of 0.65% WO3, 1.4% Cu, 0.15% Bi. Contact metamorphosed shale contains streaks and disseminations of quartz, fluorite and wolframite. Baklakov, 1945; Potapjev, 1965; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 44 17 Rubtsovskoye 51 28 00N 51.4666666666667 81 30 00E 81.5 Cu, Zn, Pb Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 6.52% Pb, 11.9% Zn, 4.62% Cu, 150 g/t Ag. Reserves of 149,500 tonnes Pb, 271,300 tonnes Zn, 116,000 tonnes Cu, 346 tonnes Ag . Rudny Altai Consists of layered and lenses of massive sulfide polymetallic minerals hosted in Late Devonian sedimentary and volcanic rock. Host rock sequence is 140 m thick and consists of siliceous-argillic siltstone with interbeds of arkose sandstone, tuffs and tuffite of siliceous composition. The Late Devonian subvolcanic porphyry forming stratiform and cutting bodies are widespread. Host rock is gently pitched southward at the angle 10-25ø. Deposit extends up to 1350 m along strike and contains conformable bodies. The major body is 800 m long. Wall-rock alterations consist of chlorite, quartz-sericite, carbonate-chlorite and sericite-halloysite-kaolinite metasomatite. The subdeposit of altered rock is 30-50 m thick whereas the superdeposit is no more 3-5 m thick. The primary ore mineals occur in masses, streaks and disseminations. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite. The accompanied minerals are chalcocite, covellite, fahlore. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, more seldom calcite and barite. The Cu:Pb:Zn ratio in sulfides is 1:1.5:2.8. The zone of oxidation at the NW part of the deposit extends up to 150-200 m along strike and spreads up to 15-20 m to depth. Kuznetsov, 1982; Scherban and others, 1980; Sahrov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 18 Cherepanovskoye 51 11 00N 51.1833333333333 82 19 00E 82.3166666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 2.7% Pb, 9.4% Zn, 1% Cu. Rudny Altai Consists of series of Au- and Ag-bearing veins within fissure zones in volcanogenic rocks of the Middle Devonian age. Host rocks are represented by acid tuffs, tuff conglomerates and felsic lavas intruded by subvolcanic bodies of quartz-porphyries and felsite-porphyries. Host rocks are schistose and silicified. A total of 15 ore veins varying from 20 to 140 m by length and from 0.5 to 4 m by thick were revealed. The ore veins are cutted by diabase dikes. Disseminated ore mineralization occurs in vein-containing porphyry rocks. Ores consist of galena, spahalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, argentite, native gold. The main gangue minerals are quartz, in lesser degree carbonates and barite. The zone of oxidation extends up to 30-40 m to the depth. The deposit has been mined to a depth of 64 m prior to 1895. Mitropolsky and Parenago, 1931; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 19 Mayskoye 2 51 17 00N 51.2833333333333 81 58 00E 81.9666666666667 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Rudny Altai Consists of conformable lenses and pipies of sulfides in streaks and disseminations in Eifelian-Frasnian (Middle to Late Devonian). sedimentary and pyroclastic rock. Host rock is siliceous-carbonaceous siltstone and pyroclastic rock of siliceous composition, subvolcanic rhyolite-dacite porphyry, plagiogranite porphyry and diabase-porphyry dikes. The rock is intensely schistosed and dip at angle 50-60ø to the S. The three zones of deposit minerals range up to tens to hundreds m long. The largest has a lens shape and is related to the zones of hydrothermal alteration (silica alteration and sericite alteration). Pipes of breccia with deposit minerals occur. Deposit minerals occur in streaks, nests, disseminations and masses. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite. Accessory minerals are magnetite, hematite, pyrrhotite, fahlore. The gangue minerals are quartz, carbonate, chlorite, rare barite, K-feldspar, gypsum and talc. Deposit is Pb-Zn with a ratio of Cu:Pb:Zn = 1:5.7:11.5. Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1991. Russia M 44 2 Mulchichinskoye 51 42 00N 51.7 83 57E 83.95 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Not available. Kolyvansk Consist of stockwork system with thin veinlets, several that are long, that occur in narrow linear steeply-dipping zones up to 20 m thick. Deposits place among granite porphyry at the endocontact of Talitsk granitoid massif (Permian and Triassic). The main deposit minerals are wolframite, molybdenite and scheelite. Associated minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuthite, beryl. Wallrock is altered to greisen. Deposit was mined. Alexandrov, 1947; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 44 20 Korbalihinskoye 51 11 05 N 51.1847222222222 82 13 00E 82.2166666666667 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 2.01% Pb, 9.81% Zn, 1.46% Cu, 54.2 g/t Ag. Reserves of 497,800 tonnes Pb, 2,403,200 tonnes Zn, 360,100 tonnes Cu, 1,360 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses of pyrite and polymetallic sulfides that are hosted in Middle to Late Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Host rock is mainly basalt and rhyolite, siltstone and sandstone. Numerous subvolcanic quartz porphyry, amigdaloidal diabase porphyry and gabbro and diabase dikes occur. Deposit occur in conformable lenses and ribbons, extend for 1000 m along strike and to a depth of 750 m. Six zones contain 90% total reserves. Mineral zonation occurs with: (1) small barite and polymetallic sufides occurring in the hanging wall; (2) massive pyrite and polymetallic sulfides in a central part; and (3) Cu-sulfide pyrite occurring in the footwall. Host rock is exhibits chlorite, carbonate, talc and sericite alteration. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite with lesser marcasite, fahlore and hematite. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, barite and chlorite. Deposit minerals occur in masses, breccia, disseminations and layers. The Pb:Cu:Zn ratio is 1:0.6:3.6. Admixture elements are Au, Ag, Cd, Se, Te, Bi, Ga, In, Ta and Ge. Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1985; Gaskov and others, 1991; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 21 Tushkanikhinskoye 51 18 00N 51.3 81 52 00E 81.8666666666667 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Rundy Altai Consists of nests, streaks and disseminations of polymetallic sulfides hosted in Middle and Late Devonian carbonaceous siltstone and siliceous tuff. Deposit extends up to 1200 m long extends in the band of increased jointing. In this zone the several bodies ranging from 1-18 m thick occur. The deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite. The gangue minerals are quartz, carbonate, chlorite. Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1991. Russia M 44 22 Lazurskoye 51 06 00N 51.1 82 25 00E 82.4166666666667 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 1.19% Pb, 4.78% Zn, 1.2% Cu, 31.1 g/t Ag. Reserves of 43,400 tonnes Pb, 175,600 tonnes Zn, 45,100 tonnes Cu, 115 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses of massive pyrite-polymetallic and Cu-pyrite minerals hosted in rhyolite-dacite porphyry and tuffs of the Frasnian stage (Late Devonian). Sedimentary and siliceous pyroclastic rock is of minor importance. Subvolcanic Late Devonian rhyolite-dacite porphyry and gabbro and diabase intrusions occur. In deposit the numerous small bodies of 0.5-20 m thick occur. Fine-grained polymetallic minerals occur in bands, masses and nests. The major deposit minerals are sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite. The gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, subordinate carbonate, sericite, K-feldspar, albite. Streaks and disseminations of Cu minerals occur largely at the lying side of the deposit. Deposit was mined through 1964. Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1991; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 23 Semenovskoye 51 05 00N 51.0833333333333 82 29 00E 82.4833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Reserves of 2,100 tonnes Cu, 13,200 tonnes Pb, 31,500 tonnes Zn. Rudny Altai Consists of lens of sulfide polymetallic minerals hosted in Frasnian (Late Devonian). volcanic and sedimentary rock. The host series consists of alternating calcareous-argillaceous shale, flinty rock, tuffite with interbeds of limestone, siliceous tuffs and felsite. At the lying wall of a felsite body, several steeply-dipping lenses bodies occur. The bodies range up to 200 m long and extend to 120 m depth. The host rocks are altered to sericite, chlorite and silica. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, fahlore. The gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, carbonate, gypsum. The deposit minerals occur in spots, masses, streaks and disseminations. The deposit minerals are enriched in Pb, Zn and Ag. The Cu:Pb:Zn ratio is 1:6.0:12.3. Cu-rich deposit minerals occur along the lying side of the main body. Deposit has been mined in the zone of oxidation. Ag output is 45 tonnes. Mitropolskiy and Parenago, 1931; Kuznetsov, 1982; Chekalin, 1991. Russia M 44 24 Srednee 51 11 00N 51.1833333333333 82 07 00E 82.1166666666667 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 2.68% Pb, 4.95% Zn, 0.59% Cu, 61.6 g/t Ag. Reserves of 218,700 tonnes Pb, 423,100 tonnes Zn, 47,200 tonnes Cu, 530 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses and pipes of streaky sulfide polymetallic minerals hosted in Eifelian volcanic and sedimentary rock. The host horizon consists of mudstone, siltstone, tuff and tuff breccia of rhyolite-dacite and lesser mafic tuff. Subvolcanic bodies of rhyolite-and rhyolite-dacite porphyry are widespread, as well as post-deposit dikes of diabase porphyry, gabbro, and and plagiogranite porphyry (Late Cambrian through Early Permian). The dikes are 0.5-35 m thick. Brachyform folds occur. Fault zones of NW and EWl strike form the block structure of the deposit. Polymetallic, barite-polymetallic and Cu minerals occur at the deposit. Lenses and pipes occur in intrastratal and gently dipping fissure structures. There are six large bodies containing 94% the total reserves. The main deposit dips at 40-60ø, is related to a crossing fault zones, and extends to 500 m depth. The polymetallic and Cu minerals are galena, sphalerite and chalcocite, rare pyrite, fahlore, and chalcopyrite, and lesser pyrite and stromeyerite. The gangue minerals are barite, and rare quartz and carbonate. The deposit minerals occur in streaks, breccia, masses, and disseminations. Rich barite occur in the upper parts of bodies. The zone of oxidation occurs to 25-30 m depth. Kuznetsov and others, 1988; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 25 Zarechenskoye 51 11 00N 51.1833333333333 82 06 00E 82.1 Au, Pb, Zn, Ag Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 2.89% Pb, 3.91% Zn, 0.89% Cu, 46.4% BaSO4; 343 g/t Ag. Reserves of 11,2900 tonnes Pb, 44200 tonnes Zn, 10,000 tonnes Cu, 650,000 tonnes BaSO4, 432 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses and stockwork with masses, streaks and disseminations of barite and sulfides that are hosted in Eifelian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs in a narrow basin zone steeply-dipping bedding. The bordering sublatitudinal fault zones control subvolcanic quartz albitophyre and gabbro and diabase dikes that range from 0.5 to 5 m thick. The host rock for the deposit is an argillite horizon that ranges from 50 to 80 m thick and is underlain by felsic tuff. The main deposit occur along the contact between shale and limestone. Deposit extends more than 1 km along strike and ranges from 30 to 100 m wide. Individual lenses are 40 to 180 m long, 1 to 1.5 m thick and extend to a depth of 30 to 200 m. The deposit mineral assemblages are barite, Au-Ag minerals and barite and barite and polymemetallic sulfides. Barite occurs in the hanging wall of the large lenses of barite and polymetallic sulfides. Commonly, massive sulfides in the hanging wall. Streaks and dissemination occur in breccia in fissuires in the footwall. Wall-rock exhibits silica, chlorite, hematite and pyrite hydrothermal alteration. Altered rock generally occur in the footwall. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, fahlore chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, native Au and Ag, electrum, argentite, silvanite, stromeyerite, jalpaite, pyrite, marcasite and hematite. Gangue minerals are barite, quartz, calcite, dolomite, chlorite and sericite. Deposit minerals occur in masses, nests, breccia, streaks and disseminations. The Cu:Pb:Zn ratio is 1:3.3:4.6. Deposit has been mined. Dmitriev, 1964; Abdulin and Kayupov, 1978; Kuznetsov, 1982; Gaskov and others, 1991; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 26 Zmeinogorskoye 51 08 00N 51.1333333333333 82 11 00E 82.1833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu, Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 1.19% Pb, 4.78% Zn, 1.2% Cu, 31.1 g/t Ag. Reserves of 66,500 tonnes Pb, 102,900 tonnes Zn, 11,800 tonnes Cu, 223 tonnes Ag. Rudny Altai Consists of conformable deposit of barite-polymetallic minerals hosted in siltstone and siliceous rock in a Eifelian volcanic and sedimentary series. This series is intruded by subvolcanic bodies of rhyolite-dacite porphyry and dikes of diabase porphyry. The major body occurs along the contact of underlying siliceous rock and calcareous argillite. Deposit of 600 m long contain the body that extends to 280 m along strike. Deposit is confined to the leg of anticline dipping at the angle 30-60ø. The fault zones have NE and NW strike. The main deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, native gold, Ag, barite. The rich sulfide bodies contain on average 10% Pb; 12.4% Zn; 2% Cu. The bottom parts of the lenses are composed of massive and disseminated barite and polymetallic minerals. The hanging wall of the body consists of pure medium-grained barite. Siliceous rock of the lying wall contain streaky polymetallic minerals forming stockworks with an irregular shape with average grade of 1.2% Pb, 1.8% Zn and 0.2% Cu. The zone of oxidation occurs up to 42 m to depth. Deposit was mined up to 220 m depth. Mitropolsky and Parenago, 1931; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 27 Beloretskoye 51 01 00 N 51.0166666666667 82 30 E 82.5 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 250,000,000 tonnes with average grade of 33.5% Fe. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of bed-like deposits of magnetite-mushketovite ores among volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of Eifelian age. Ore containing sequence intruded and metamorphosed by Tigirek granit massif of Permian age. Along with magnetite ores, marbl, skarn, metamorphic quartz-biotite amphibole shales with minor chlorite, magnetite and epidote presents. The whole thickness of ore containing layers vary from 90 to 140 m. There are two bed-like ore bodies distinguist with bank of ore of 25%Fe traced along the strike up to 1440 m and 780-840 m to depths with average thickness 28 and 22 m respecttively. The ore structures are banded, disseminated, massive and brecciated. The main mineral types of ores are: assentialy magnetite, mushketovite-magnetite, actinolite-magnetite, epidote-magnetite, chlorite-magnetite-biotite and magnetite-carbonate ones. Pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, rarely sphalerite and arsenopyrite presents. Contains of 0,2%S and 0,014%P2O5. Genesis of deposit is under discussion. One viewpoint is volcanogenic-sedimentary with latest undergoing by regional and contact metamorphism. The next one is contact-metasomatic version. Kalugin and others, 1974, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 28 Beloretsskoye 50 46 00 N 50.7666666666667 83 00 E 83 W, Be WñMoñBe skarn Medium Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of of W-Be minerals in skarn, quartz vein, and greisen in granite porphyry and adjacent Late Silurian limestone. Pyroxene-garnet-vesuvianite skarn is dominant. Skarn bodies are up to 600 m long and 80 to 150 m thick. Major minerals are wolframite, helvine, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, molybdenite, beryl, and fluorite. Quartz veins cut granite and skarn, are 0.2 to 1.5 m thick, range up to 100 m long. Main ore minerals are: wolframite, beryl, molybdenite, and sulfides. Greisen replaces granite and forms a band that is 450 m long and 70 m thick. The greisen contains numerous quartz and fluorite-feldspar-quartz veinlets and disseminations. Quartz veins wall rocks are altered to greisen. The quartz-wolframite vein has been mined. Jakovlev and others, 1964, 1965; Kosals, 1968, 1971; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 29 Loktevskoye 51 14 30 N 51.2416666666667 81 14 00E 81.2333333333333 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Rudny Altai Consists of a series of small (to 1.5 m thick) quartz-sulfide veins accompanied by streaks and disseminatations in Eifelian (Middle Devonian). Siliceous argillite and siltstone. Deposit occurs in a breccia zone cutting a gentle brachyanticline. The core of a fold is intruded by subvolcanic quartz porphyry. Deposit is pinched out at depth 100-120 m. The primary deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. The gangue minerals are quartz, barite, sericite, chlorite and calcite. The Pb:Zn:Cu ratio is 1:4:14. Oxidized deposit minerals extend to 63 m depth, the zone of secondary sulfide enrichment occurs up to 100 m depth. Deposit is abandoned. Mitropolsky and Parenago, 1931; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 3 Kazancevskoye 51 46 00N 51.7666666666667 83 42E 83.7 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of quartz veins and diseminations in greisen. Occurs in northern exocontact of Talitsk granitoid massif among metamorphozed sandstone-shale rock. Two types of deposits occur: (1) dense network of thin (5-15 cm) quartz veins with fluorite, muscovite, and scheelite, and rare molybdenite, pyrite, busmuthite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and beril in granodiorite; (2) scheelite, and rare molybdenite and beryl in greisen and silica-altered sandstone. Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 30 Jubileinoye 51 00 00N 51 81 41 00E 81.6833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 2.68% Pb, 4.95% Zn, 0.59% Cu, 61 g/t Ag, 43.4% BaSO4. Reserves of 100,800 tonnes Pb, 389,900 tonnes Zn, 67,900 tonnes Cu, 301 tonnes Ag, 127,000 tonnes BaSO4. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses and ribbons of sulfide-pyrite-polymetallic minerals in volcanic and sedimentary rock of Frasnian age (Late Devonian). Deposit occurs in the Zolotushinsk district on SE side of the Aleisk anticlinorium. Host rock consists of alternating layers of breccia, sandstone, siltstone, rhyolite-dacite lava and tuffs. Deposit occurs in horizons of coarse-grained sedimentary rock and aureoles of subvolcanic rhyolite-dacite porphyry intrusions. Bodies are conformable with host rock. Deposit is 100 m wide, extends 2 km along strike, and down to 300 m depth. The ore minerals occur in streaks, and disseminations, and more rarely in masses and layers. The main ore minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite; fahlore, chalcocite, covellite, magnetite, hematite, and minor marcasite. The ore minerals assemblages are pyrite-polymetallic, polymetallic, Cu-pyrite, and pyrite. The predominant ore mineral assemblage is galena-sphalerite-pyrite with chalcopyrite admixture. Astaf'ev, 1982; Gas'kov and others, 1991; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 31 Yubileinoye 2 51 00 00N 51 81 41E 81.6833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Average grade of 2.68% Pb, 4.95% Zn, 0.59% Cu, 61 g/t Ag, 43.4% BaSO4. Reserves of 100,800 tonnes Pb, 389,900 tonnes Zn, 67,900 tonnes Cu, 301 tonnes Ag, 127,000 tonnes BaSO4. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses and ribbons of sulfide pyrite-polymetallic minerals in Frasnian (Late Devonian) volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs in the Zolotushinsk district on SE side of the Aleisk anticlinorium. Host rock consists of alternating layers of breccia, sandstone, siltstone, rhyolite-dacite lava and tuffs. Deposit is confined to the horizons of coarse-grained sedimentary rock and aureoles of subvolcanic rhyolite-dacite porphyry intrusions. Bodies are conformable with host rock. Together, they form the multilayered deposit of 100 m wide, that extends 2 km along strike and up to 300 m to depth. The deposit minerals occur in streaks and disseminations, more rarely in masses and layers. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite; fahlore, chalcocite, covellite, magnetite, hematite and marcasite occur in small amounts. The types of deposit minerals are pyrite-polymetallic, polymetallic, Cu-pyrite and pyrite-bearing. The predominant deposit mineral assemblage is galena-sphalerite-pyrite with chalcopyrite admixture. Astaf'ev, 1982; Gas'kov and others, 1991; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 44 32 Kruchkovskoye 50 52 00N 50.8666666666667 81 50 30 E 81.8416666666667 Cu, Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Rudny Altai Consists of the two small lenses of rich oxidized Cu-Pb deposit minerals hosted in Eifelian (Middle Devonian) tuffaceous-sedimentary rock. Host rock is siliceous tuffs with interbeds of siltstone, sandstone and quartzite. Subvolcanic quartz porphyry occur at the hanging wall of the deposit. The gently dipping deposit (15-20ø) extends up to 600 m along strike. It contains several complex-shaped bodies. Oxidized deposit minerals at depth 50-80 m are replaced by low-grade polymetallic sulfides in streaks and disseminations. Deposit minerals are irregularly disseminated. Oxidized deposit minerals are azurite, malachite, plumbojarosite, goethite, chalcocite, cuprite, covellite and native copper. The gangue minerals are barite, quartz, opal, chalcedony and hydromuscovite. Deposit is abandoned. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 33 Zolotushinskoye 50 59 00N 50.9833333333333 81 27 00E 81.45 Zn, Cu, Pb Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Not available. Rudny Altai Consists of conformable lenses and stocks of massive pyrite-polymetallic minerals and streaks and disseminations in Eifelian (Middle Devonian) clastic and volcanic rock. Deposit occurs at the NE side of the Zolotushinsk anticline in the contact zone of sedimentary rock series and overlapping them lava and volcanic breccia of rhyolite-dacite porphyry. Subvolcanic quartz-porphyry bodies and plagioporphyritic and diabase dikes occur. The block structure of the deposit is formed by sublatitudinal and sublongitudinal fault zones. Deposit is 150-200 m wide and extends up to 1800 m along strike. Deposit consists of series of lenses forming the en-echelon system. Bodies are 1-50 m thick. Wallrock alterations are chlorite alteration, silica alteration, sericite alteration, barite alteration and carbonate alteration. Primary sulfides have polymetallic, Cu-Zn, rarely barite-polymetallic composition. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, accessory minerals are bornite, fahlore, pyrrhotite, cubanite, chalcocite. The gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, sericite, carbonate, rare barite. The deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations and streaks. The masses occur at the hanging wall of the bodies. Cu-Zn minerals in streaks are typical in the lower part of the deposit. The Pb:Zn:Cu ratio is 1:3.2:1.4. Deposit contains Au, Ag, Cd, Se, Te, Ga, In admixtures. Deposit is abandoned. Astaf'ev, Belyaev, 1973; Abdulin, Kayupov, 1978; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 34 Novo-Zolotushinskoye 50 58 00N 50.9666666666667 81 27 00E 81.45 Zn, Cu, Pb Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Medium Not available. Rudny Altai Consists of lenses, pipes, and masses of pyrite-polymetallic minerals in masses, streaks and disseminations in Eifelian (Middle Devonian) clastic and volcanic rock. Deposit occurs at the wing of the anticlinal structure bordered by sublatitudinal fault zones. Host rock is argillite, siltstone and siliceous tuffs intruded by subvolcanic bodies of quartz-porphyry. Overlapping sediment is 80-100 m thick. Deposit occurs in a fracture zone in hydrothermally-altered tuffaceous-sedimentary rock at the boundary with overlapping lava and volcanic breccia of siliceous composition. Deposit is conformable with host rock. It dips at the angle 20-40ø NE and extends 2 km along strike. Deposit is divided into two parts-Northern and Southern by the latitudinal fault. In the Northern part there are 5 en-echelon lenses that occur in the apical zone of subvolcanic rhyolite-dacite porphyry body. They are 200-440 m long and occur at depth of 130-420 m. Deposit changes from massive sulfide at the hanging wall into streaks and nests of Cu-Zn and Cu minerals in the footwall. Barite-galena-sphalerite assemblage is typical for the hanging walls and for upper levels of bodies. Chalcopyrite-sphalerite stockwork occurrs in brecciated siliceous siltstone extends to 150-200 m depth in the southern part of the deposit. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite; rare bornite, fahlore, pyrrhotite, cubanite, chalcocite and other minerals. Gangue minerals are chlorite, sericite, and quartz, and rare barite and calcite. Ore mineals occur in masses (34%), nests (49%), and streaks and disseminations (17%). The Pb:Zn:Cu ratio is 1:4.4:0.6. Deposit minerals contain admixtures of Au, Ag, Cd, Se, Te, Ga, In. Deposit has been abandoned. Kuznetsov, 1982; Abdulin and Kayupov, 1978; Baryshev, 1978. Russia M 44 4 Chernukhinskoye 51 40 00N 51.6666666666667 83 59E 83.9833333333333 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of quickly pinching thin (to 4 cm) quartz and quartz-turmaline veins, occur in mineraliezed north-west-tranding fracture zone among slightly greisenized granite of Talitsk massif (P-T). The veins contain dissemination of wolframit, sheelite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The same minerals occur in small ore zones in greisenized granites. Alexandrov, 1947; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 44 5 Verkhne-Sludianskoye 51 43 00N 51.7166666666667 83 43E 83.7166666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of a series of steeply-dipping quartz veins that are hosted along contact of Talitsk granite massif (Permian and Triassic) among the metamorphosed Cambrian-Silurian sandstone and shale. The sedimentary host rock is intruded by numerous small bodies of gabbro and diorite and veins of aplite and pegmatite. Quartz veins are 40-50 m long and 1-50 cm thick. Thickness of veins increases to depth. The veins formed an en-echelon system. Separate vein series extends 500-700 m along strike and 60-70 m thick. The distance between veins into vein series is 1-5 m. Wallrock is greisenizied and replaced by muscovite, tourmaline, fluospar. Deposit minerals are wolframite, scheelite, chalcopyrite and pyrite; rare molybdenite, beril, bismuthite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, muscovite, fluospar, tourmaline. Alexandrov. 1947; Sotnikiv and Nikitina, 1977; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 6 Chagyrskoye 51 29 00N 51.4833333333333 83 13 00E 83.2166666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Grade of 250 g/t Ag, 7.8-8.4% Pb, 3.7-12.7% Cu. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of pipe-like shoot of metasomatic sulfide polymetallic ores in limestones of the Silurian age. Ore deposit is situated at the Charysh-Inskaya zone in the NW Gorny Altai. Silver-lead-copper ores of the deposit are supposed to be related to a stock of plagiogranite-porphyries intruding the Silurian limestones. The steeply dipping pipe-like ore body is 10x8 m in diameter at the average and it is traced up to 170 m to the depth. Ores are oxidized. Ore minerals are limonite, siderite, Pb-ochres, galena, malachite, azurite, covelline, smithsonite. The deposit has been mined during 1827-1844. Grigor'ev, 1928; Mitropolskiy, Parengo, 1931. Russia M 44 7 Plotbistchenskoye 51 24 00N 51.4 82 59E 82.9833333333333 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of quartz-molybdenite veins in an aplite granite stock that is interpreted as an apophysis of the Ust-Belovsk granitoid pluton. The veins are range up to 90 m long and vary some cm to 1 m thick. Deposit minerals are molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, hematite and rare scheelite. Host rock along veins margins are altered to silica and sericite. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 8 Chesnokovskoye 51 06 00N 51.1 83 28E 83.4666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 6 200,000 tonnes Fe. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of lens-like bodies of skarn-magntite ores that situated in contact zone of ribekite granite and diorite with Silurian marbled limestone. Ore bodies displaced along the southern contact of intrusive among hornfels and skarns. Two lagest ore bodies are traced along the strike to 200, 120 m and up to 200 m depth. The ore bodies are 15-20 m thick. Magnetite is dominant ore mineral, with minor pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, molibdenite. Gangue minerals, are actinolite, garnet, diopside, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 44 9 Kharlovskoye 51 24 00N 51.4 82 31E 82.5166666666667 Fe, Ti V Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Large Averade grade of 15.3% Fe, 5.9% TiO2. Reserves of 1,700,000,000 tonnes. Resources of 4 000,000,000 tonnes. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of layers of titanomagnetite in a gabbroic lopolith pluton that covers about 10 sq.km. The pluton contains alternating melanocratic olivine gabbro and barren leucocratic gabbro, norite and anorthosite. Thickness of igneous layers ranges up to several tens of m Ten layers occur, range from 425 to 3700 m long, extend to a depth of 225 to 2250 m, and are 16 to 140 m thick. Ore minerals are rarely disseminated. The main ore minerals are titanomagnetite (23 to 31%), ilmenite (1.5 to 5.2%), olivine (1.6 to 31.5%), pyroxene (18 to 25%), plagioclase (14 to 28%), and calcite (up to 0.9%). Lesser minerals are serpentine, garnet, biotite, chlorite, apatite, hornblende, and epidote. Ore minerals contain high V (0.08% V). Shabalin, 1976; Kalugin and others, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 1 Karagosh 51 47 00N 51.7833333333333 89 22 00E 89.3666666666667 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of numerous quartz veins and veinlets in fracture and silica alteration zones in Silurian biotite granite. These zones extend 3 km along strike and up to to 500 m wide. Local areas have high concentrations of quartz veins and veinlets up to several m thick. The major ore minerals are pyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, scheelite, and magnetite. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia M 45 10 Ustaurikhinskoye 51 51 00N 51.85 84 30E 84.5 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of series parallel thin quartz veins quickly pinching out along strike. Veins occur in sublatitudal fracture zone that occur in granite (Permian and Triassic) of Belokuricha massif. They are located in band 700 m long and 150 m wide. Quartz veins contain wolframite, scheelite, bismuthite, pyrite, chalcopyrite. Small-scale greisen occurs. Derbikov and Labasin, 1942; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 45 11 Munguntayga 49 59 00N 49.9833333333333 89 47 30 E 89.7916666666667 Mo W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of quartz veins, veinlets and places of greisen-altered rock that contain Mo minerals. Deposit occurs in cupolas of a biotite granite intrusive that intrudes Late Givetian deposits alterted to hornfels and local skarn. Quartz veins are irregular in thick, usually branched and thinned. Veins of some cm thick are predominant. Veins contain dissimination and small nests of pyrite, molybdenite, minor pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite. Disseminated deposit minerals occur both in greisen-altered aplite granite at the endoconatc zone of massif and apophysis or dikes of fine-grained granite among the hornfels widely occur. Scheelite in cousiderable amounts (WO3 up to 0.25%) appears in veins and greizenized zones hosted in harnfels; contants of molybdenite decrease. Kuznetsov and others, 1966; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1977. Russia M 45 12 Osinovskoye 51 43 00N 51.7166666666667 84 30E 84.5 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of the series of about 20 quartz veins that occur along a sublatitudal fault zone hosted in biotite granite in the sought part of Belokurikha massif (Permian and Triassic). The veins extend along strike up to some tens m. A chain of veins in southern part of deposit is 400 m long. The distance between separate veins varies from cm to some tens m. Thickness of veins ranges up to 0.6 m. At depth, the veins merge into larger ones. Greisen alteration occurs along the selvage of veins. The principal deposit mineral is wolframite. Associated minerals are pyrite, bismuthite, chalcopyrite, scheelite, molybdenite, beryl. Among gangue minerals usually present muscovite, K-feldspar, fluorite, rare shabasite. The main veins has been mined up to 90 m depth. Koropec and Kubinkin, 1940; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 45 13 Cheremshanskoye 51 26 30 N 51.4416666666667 85 17 30E 85.2916666666667 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Sarasinsk Represented by a mineralized zone of crush associated with the sublatitudinal fault, which divides the Lower Cambrian carbonate series and Middle Cambrian volcanogenic-sedimentary deposits. Mercury manifestations are confined to knots of intersections of this fault and transversal sublongitudinal fractures. In general, mineralization is concentrated in brecciated dolomites, limestones, and quartzites. Two subparallel ore bodies of 40-50 m length and traced to 100 m at a depth were revealed. The main ore minerals are cinnabar, realgar, and pyrite, more rarely occurred are orpiment and marcasite. Gangue minerals are dolomite, calcite, quartz, and dickite. Ores are of streaky and disseminated types. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia M 45 14 Ilyinskoye 51 29 00N 51.4833333333333 85 04 00E 85.0666666666667 Pb, Zn Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Small Not available. Shirgaita Consists of veins and disseminations of galena and sphalerite along the contact between sandy argillite and volcanic rock of Middle Devonian age. The layered rocks are intruded by a quartz-porphyry dike. Deposit occurs in the same belt as the Shirgaita and Shirokiy Log deposits. Dmitriev, 1958; Tychinsky, 1963; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 15 Ivankinskoye 51 41 00N 51.6833333333333 84 27 30E 84.4583333333333 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of small-scale (cm thick) quartz-tourmaline veins in mica schist, amphibolite, and gneiss-granite along the southern exocontact zone of Belokurikha granitoid massif. Quartz-tourmaline with muscovite and fluorite veins contain disseminations of wolframite, scheelite, and pyrite. The wallrock of veins are altered to tourmaline. Sotnikov, Nikitinf, 1971. Russia M 45 16 Asgat 49 52 20 N 49.8722222222222 89 38 30 E 89.6416666666667 Ag, Sb Bi, Cu Ag-Sb vein Large Average grade of 384 g/t Ag, 0.5% Sb, 0.58% Bi, and 1.02% Cu. Reserves of 7,700 tonnes Ag, 12,200. tonnes Bi, 106,600 tonnes Sb, and 238,200 tonnes Cu. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of 5 mineralized zones hosting siderite veins following quartz-siderite stockwork. Host rocks are Middle to Upper Devonian black, black-grey siltstone intruded by Carboniferous granite massif. The siltstone is intensively hornfelsed, graphitized and pyritized. There are widely distributed diabase, diorite-porphyrite, dolerite and lamprophyry dikes related to Mesozoic interplate magmatism. The veins are mostly 0.5 - 1.0 m thick but some veins are up to 12 m thick. Ore minerals are concentrated mostly in veins, majority in stockworks. The amount of sulfides is mostly 5 - 10%, sometimes up to 50 - 60% in ore bodies. Mineralized zone No. 1 hosts from 0.2 m to 12.0 m thick siderite-sulfide vein following stockwork. The zone is traced downdip up to 500 m and on surface - 2.5 km. Main ore minerals are tetrahedrite ( 1.0 - 2.5% Ag ), chalcopyrite, rare minerals: chalcostibnite, zincenite, bismuthinite, arsenopyrite, pyrite. The zone No. 2 is 1100 x 0.3 - 12 m. It hosts from 0.1 - 0.15 m to 6.0 m thic siderite veins. Chalcostibnite dominates in veins of the zone No. 2. Tetrahedrite dominates in the zone No. 2a. Sulfides are oxidized weakly but siderite is intensively oxidized. Malachite, azurite, iron-oxides, manganesium oxide, jarosite, chalcocite, covellite widely developed in oxidized zone, and there are rare native silver and akantite. Borisenko and others, 1992; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 45 17 Ozernoye 1 49 50 00N 49.8333333333333 89 31 00E 89.5166666666667 Ag, Sb Cu Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Medium Not available. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of siderite-sulfosalt veins and vein zones in an alternating sequence of Middle to Late Devonian sandstone, siltstone and shale and diabase dikes. About 20 veins and zones occur and range from 45 to 540 m long, 0.1 to 2.5 m thick and extend to more than 500 m depth. Veins are composed of brecciated wallrock cemented by siderite, quartz and deposit minerals. Vein zones consist of a siderite stockwork with burnonite, tetrahedrite, semseyite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and native Bi and Sb. Borisenko and others, 1984, 1986, 1992. Russia M 45 18 Shirgaita 51 12 00N 51.2 85 16 00E 85.2666666666667 Pb, Zn Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Small Average grade of 1.57% Pb, 1.25% Cu, 3,77% Zn. Shirgaita Consists of conformable layers and lenses deposits of polymetallic sulfides hosted in sedimentary part of a Middle Devonian volcanic and sedimentary sequence. Deposit occurs at the central part of the Anui-Chuisk synclinorium in alternating limestone and calcareous shale underlying a quartz albitophyre sill. The major part of the deposit is 580 m long and 1.5 km wide. The minerals are Cu-Pb-Zn sulfides. Deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite and lesser molybdenite, scheelite, pyrrhotite and marcasite; and rare bornite, fahlore burnonite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and axinite. Gangue minerals are quartz, epidote and calcite. Deposit minerals exhibit high values of Mo and W. The Cu:Pb:Zn ratio is 1:1.1:2.9. Wallrock exhibit silica, epidotie and actinolite alteration and rare chlorite, sericite and carbonate alteration. Deposit minerals are slightly contact metamorphosed. Two views exist for the origin of the Shirgaita deposit: (1) hydrothermal and contact metasomatic (skarn) origin related to granitoids; or (2) a volcanic, hydrothermal, sedimentary origin. Dmitriev, 1958; Kuznetsov and others, 1966; Kuznetsov , 1982. Russia M 45 19 Krasnogorskoye 1 50 05 30 N 50.0916666666667 88 24 00E 88.4 Hg Silica-carbonate (listvenite) Hg Medium Resources of 1,000 tonnes grading 0.12% Hg. Kuraiy Consists of steeply-dipping listvenite zone with Hg minerals along the fault. Deposit is hosted in listvinite and Cambrian limestone and shale. Deposit extends for several hundreds of m along strike and 300 m at depth. The main deposit mineral is cinnabar, subordinate minerals are pyrite, stibnite, bravoite, millerite, gersdorffite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, dolomite and dickite. Deposit minerals occur in streaks, disseminations, breccia and stockwork. Kuznetsov and others, 1978; Obolenskiy, 1985. Russia M 45 2 Jaryshol 51 27 00N 51.45 88 09E 88.15 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 250,000,000 tonnes grading 21-50% Fe. Unassigned Consists of steeply-dipping bodies of magnetite in Early Silurian volcanic and sedimentary rock (sandstone, siltstone, limestone, andesite-rhyolite volcanic rock, and tuff). Gabbro and diorite intrusives (Silurian(?), Chlorite-amphibole, epidote, albite-scapolite, and carbonaceous metasomatite are widespread. The occur in lenses, layers, and stockworks. Bodies extend along strike for 180-450 m. Thickness of bodies varies from 30 to 50 m. The ore minerals occur in masses, streaks, and disseminations. The principal ore minerals are magnetite and mushketovite; associated minerals are hematite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. According to geological and geophysical data, the total reserves are 250-300 tonnes. Kalugin and othes, 1981; Parubin, Vlasov, 1982. Russia M 45 20 Kyzylchin 50 03 00N 50.05 88 18 00E 88.3 Zn, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Korgon-Kholzunskiy Consists of a Pb-Zn lenses in fractures and breccia zones in quartzite. Deposit consists of the Cambrian limestone, quartzite and Middle Devonian sandstone and shale, sandstone and quartz porphyry tuffs. The Cambrian and Middle Devonian deposits are divided by a zone of crush with NE strike and that is 100-300 m wide. In a crush zone that extends for 12 km, host rock is altered to silica, carbonate and sericite The secondary Pb and Zn minerals are abundant. Deposit occurs at the NE part of the zone of crush and consists of a series of lenses of bodies of 100-270 m long and 0.8-5.4 m thick. The deposit minerals consist of breccia of black quartzite cemented by sphalerite (up to 15%), galena (1-5%) and fluorite (up to 5%). Four bodies, 4-11 m thick occur. Deposit consists of disseminations and veinlets of galena and sphalerite and rare pyrite, chalcopyrite and fahlore. Tychinskiy, 1963; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 21 Chagan-Uzunskoye 50 04 00N 50.0666666666667 88 09 00E 88.15 Hg Silica-carbonate (listvenite) Hg Medium Average grade pf 0.17% Hg. Resources of 5,000 tonnes. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of a steeply-dipping listvenite zone with Hg minerals that extend for about 5 km along a large overthrust. Hg minerals occurs in schistose listvenite along a contact zone between the plate-like body of serpentinite and Cambrian sandstone, greywacke, and limestone. Cinnabar and pyrite, and gangue minerals occur in brecciated (and local mylonite) listvenite, serpentinite, dolomite, silicified limestone, and sandstone. The main district is 1700 m long, varies from 0.3 to 0.5 to 6 m thick with an average thickness of 2.5 m. Deposit extends to 800 m depth. The main ore mineral is cinnabar, and subordinate minerals are pyrite, stibnite, realgar, and orpiment. Gangue minerals are dolomite, ankerite, quartz, calcite, and dickite. Rare minerals are millerite, gersdorffite, bravoite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, native As. Ore minerals occur in streaks, dissiminations, breccia, stockwork, and incrustates. Hydrothermal alteration consists of listvenite replacing serpentinite, dolomitie and silica replacing limestone, and argillite and carbonate replacing sandstone. Kuznetsov and others, 1978; Obolenskiy, 1985. Russia M 45 22 Kazandinskoye 51 16 00N 51.2666666666667 84 21E 84.35 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of quartz-wolframite veins tht occur mostly in aplite granite of Talitsk granitoid massif (Permian and Triassic). The main part of quartz veins range up to 10 cm thick. The veins are irregular and locally are closely spaced. The main ore minerals are wolframite and scheelite. Locally scheelite predominates. Associated minerals are bismuthine, pyrite, and molybdenite, and rare sphalerite and beryl. Bismuthine is typical in quartz veins in hornfels. The veins exihibit greisen alteration, and Be increases in greisen granite. In heavy sand is cassiterite. The quartz veins are mined. Alexandrov, 1947; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1977. Russia M 45 23 Aktashskoye 50 12 00 N 50.2 87 12 00 E 87.2 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Medium Average grade of 0.4% Hg. Reserves of 5500 tonnes. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of steeply-dipping columns and lenses in Cambrian limestone altered to dolomite and silica. The deposit is controlled by fracture zones and fissures related to large overthrusts. The columns and lenses form an en-echelon-like system that extends to a depth 450 m in an limestone that varies from 80 to 250 m thick. Ore minerals occur in dissiminations, streaks, and masses. Main ore minerals are cinnabar and pyrite. Accessory minerals are stibnite, realgar, orpiment, aktashite, and Hg-fahl. Rare ore minerals are sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcostibite. Gangue minerals are calcite, quartz, dolomite, rare dickite, sericite, chlorite, and graphite. Wall rock alterations are sandstone and shale altered to argillite; limestone altered to dolomite, silica, and calcite. Rare lenses of serpentinite are altered into silica-carbonate rock (listvenite). Kuznetsov and others, 1978; Obolenskiy, 1985. Russia M 45 24 Chagan-Burgazy 49 40 00N 49.6666666666667 88 36 00E 88.6 Ag, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of steeply dipping quartz veins and lenses of lead ores in the fracture zone among the shales and sandstones of the Cambrian-Ordovician age. A series of the ore bodies were traced in the fissure zones in the band of 2 km long. The individual ore bodies are from 25 to 410 m long. The primary ore minerals are pyrite, galena, sphalerite; oxidized minerals are anglesite, cerussite, malachite, azurite, wulfenite, pyromorphite. The zone of oxidation extends at 100 m at a depth. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 25 Ursulskoye 50 38 00N 50.6333333333333 85 39 00E 85.65 Pb, Zn Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Shirgaita Consists of layers, lenses, disseminations and nests of Pb-Zn sulfides in Middle Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs at the crest of a brachyanticline in adjacent to a fault. Host rock is siliceous and local andesite flows and tuff and intercalated with shale and sandstone. Also occurring are diabase, diorite porphyry and gabbro dikes. The sulfide bodies are irregular plates and lenses and are conformable to bedding. Disseminations occur in gently to steeply-dipping layers of tuffs and tuff breccia. Sulfide bodies are 120-200 m long and 1.1-2.5 m thick and are intercalated with chlorite-sericite-quartz and sericite-chlorite-stilpnomelane schist and quartzite. The main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena; fahlore, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and marcasite with lesser aikinite, arsenopyrite and berthierite. Tychinskiy, 1963; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 26 Rudny Log 49 25 00N 49.4166666666667 89 00 00 E 89 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Small Average grade of 40.44% Fe. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of hematite hosted in Devonian volcanic and sedimentary sequenses, that are composed by siliceous volcanic rock, pyroclastic and argillo-siliceous rock. Deposit minerals are hosted in siliceous and siliceous-ferruginous sedimentary rock. Steeply-dipping body lies coucordantly with host rock, varies from 5 to 30 m thick and 1,2 km long. Deposit minerals occur in breccia, masses and bands. Principal deposit mineral is hematite, gangue mineral is quartz. Percentage of S-0.07% and P-0.003%. Sledzjuk and Sokolov, 1959. Russia M 45 27 Timofeevskoe 51 01 00N 51.0166666666667 84 10 E 84.1666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 100,000,000 tonnes grading 50% Fe, 0.05 % S, 0.03% P2O5. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of lenses of magnetite skarn along a contact zone of small Late Devonian Timofeev diorite massif intruding Middle Devonian sedimentary and volcanic rock (porphyry, tuff, sandstone, limestone). The pyroxene-garnet-amphibole skarn averages 300-400 m long and 50-100 m wide. Fifteen steeply-dipping en-echelon bodies ranging from 50 to 350 m long and from 4 to 40.5 m thick are prospected. The deposit minerals occur in masses, rare disseminatins and bands. The ore mineals are disseminated sulfides: pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena. The gangue minerals: pyroxene, actinolite, albite, garnet, epidote, amphibole, chlorite and calcite. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia M 45 28 Kazinikhinskoye 51 01 00N 51.0166666666667 84 03 00E 84.05 Zn, Pb, Cu Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Korgon-Kholzunskiy Consists of polymetallic sulfide bodies, lenses, and nests in volcanic and sedimentary rock of Middle Devonian age. Deposit occurs in the northern part of the Korgonl fault-trough structure. The host rock is volcanic rock of siliceous and intermediate composition, tuff breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, and shale. Pyroxene-plagioclas andesite porphyry predominates. Bodies and disseminated minerals are hosted in siliceous quartz and quartz-feldspar porphyry and related tuff. Deposit occurs in fracture and fissure zones. Numerous stocks and dikes of gabbro and diabases, diabase-porphyry, and granite porphyry occur in deposit. Deposit is conformable with host rock, is 150-180 m long, and 1-12 m thick. Individual bodies occur in lenses and nests, and extend 5 to 22 m along strike. The ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, and pyrite, and rare chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and shmaltite-chloantite. The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, sericite, and chlorite, and rare sericite and barite. Ore minerals occur in disseminations and spots. Wallrock alterations are carbonate, chlorite, sericite, pyrite, and rare silica alterations. Tychinskiy, 1963; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 29 Karagem 49 55 00N 49.9166666666667 87 11E 87.1833333333333 Co Cu Co skarn Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of steeply-dipping Co-bearing quartz-carbonate and carbonate veins in exocontact zone of w granodiorite intrusive. The host rock is silica-altered limestone of Silurian age. The veins occur in systems up to 650 m long and 70 m thick. Separate veins range from some m to 100-150 m long. The ore minerals are cobaltite, glaucodot, danaite, safflorite, and lollingite. Associated minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and molybdenite. Vein walls contain low-grade disseminated ore minerals. Bazenov, 1958; Kuznetson, 1982; Indukaev, 1988. Russia M 45 3 Sinyukhinskoye 51 55 00N 51.9166666666667 86 41E 86.6833333333333 Au Au skarn Medium Reserves of 20 tonnes. Martaiginsk Consists of quartz-carbonate and Au-Cu-sulfide skarns that occur in a contact zone of an Ordovician and Silurian granitoid pluton intruding Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Varikous wollastonite, pyroxene and garnet skarn occurs along contact of volcanic rock and rare dikes with carbonates. Variable-age dike complexes are widespread. The oldest diabase and spesartite dikes intrude skarn, ande also metasomatized. Younger quartz diorite porphyrye and felsite dikes are not metasomatized, but contain Au-sulfide deposits that contain economic Au connected that formed during post-skarn hydrothermal metasomatism that resulted in silica alteration and sulfide replacement. The Au skarns are occur in irregular masses, nest, lenses and stockworks. Individual skarn bodies range from ten to several hundred m long. Thickness of veins is 2 to 6 m and occur mainly in skarn and to a lesser extent in magnetite masses and wallrock. A gold-chalcocite-bornite assemblage is typical for upper part of deposit and Au-chalcopyrite is typical in deeper levels. Nikolaev and Neverovicn, 1958; Luzgin,1974; Korobeynikov, 1997; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 45 30 Khuren Khairkhan uul 49 16 00N 49.2666666666667 89 03 00 E 89.05 Ba Bedded barite Unknown Grade of 5-10% BaSO4. Unassigned Lenses of barite up to 8-10 cm thick are interlayered with the Early Devonian sandstone. Occurrence has minimum strike length of 0.15-1.0 m with content of 5-10% BaSO4 Shaandar and others, 1992; D. Gansukh and D. Tyleu., 1985, written commun., 1985. Mongolia M 45 31 Krasnoyarskoye 50 52 00N 50.8666666666667 84 13 00E 84.2166666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Korgon-Kholzunskiy Consists of series of steeply-dipping quartz-sulfide polymetallic veins in schistose Middle Devonian quartz-porphyry and albitophyre volcanic rock. Seven quartz veins occur. The major body extends 840 m along strike. Deposit occurs in irregular nests, streaks and disseminations. The most enriched part of deposit is 205 m long. The main deposit minerals are galena, tetrahedrite, tennantite and pyrite, more rarely chalcopyrite, sphalerite, burnonite, enargite, native gold and Ag and tetradymite. The main gangue mineral is quartz, whereas calcite and aragonite are subordinate minerals. The other veins are smaller and lower grade. At subsurface horizons deposit minerals are oxidized. Tychinskiy, 1965; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 32 Toshint Uul 48 58 22N 48.9727777777778 89 44 22 E 89.7394444444444 Cu Au,Ag Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Unknown Grade of 0.01-1.0% Cu, 0.6-4.0 g/t Ag, up to 0.1 g/t Au. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of quartz-sulphide stringers and disseminations in Vendian(?) to Early Cambrian(?) Zamtyn volcanic and clastic formation. Zone is a strip 300 m wide and 1200 m long in Khetstolgoi fault zone. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, malachite and azurite. Samples contains Cu-0.01-1% or more, Ag-0.6-4.0 g/t, W-0.004-0.086%, Au-0.003-0.1 g/t. Eluvial-deluvial rubbles with intensive deposition of malachite, azurite and Cu sulphides occur locally in the zone. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 45 33 Ulaan khus 49 01 57N 49.0325 89 31 30 E 89.525 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Unknown Grade of 2.12-4.17% Hg. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of cinnabar disseminations and stringers in Cambrian metasedimentary rock that is intensely altered to silica, carbonate and argillite. The occurrence is along a thrust fault that forms one branch of the Tolbo nuur fault zone. The Vendian to Early Cambrian Zamt Formation, that consists of metamorphosed siltstone with limestone and siliceous rock beds, occurs in the hanging wall of the thrust. These intensively foliated and mylonitized rocks form a 0.2-1.5 km thick tectonic wedge plunging gently to NE. Metamorphosed and foliated Early to Middle Cambrian sandstone and siltstone of the Khovd gol Formation crop out in SW part of the area and the formation is in fault contact with quartz greywacke and sandstone of the Early Silurian Muhar Formation. The Kovd gol and the Muhar Formations occur in the footwall of the thrust. The thrust fault is cut by NE-, NW- and sublongitudinal-trending normal faults. The thrust dips mostly NE at 20-60ø. Host rock is intensively deformed, foliated and mylonitized. Hg minerals occur mostly in footwallrock, in the Muhar Formation. Alteration minerals are quartz, kaolinite, dickite, hydromica. Intensive silica alteration up to 2.0-3.0 m thick, occurs mainly along steeply-dipping normal faults. Hg minerals occur in intersection of thrust and normal faults. Hg, As and Sb aureoles 20-50 x 100-250 m, are defined by geochemical sampling. The grade of Hg, As and Sb are respectively 0.00003-0.0001%, 0.005-0.01% and 0.001% in these aureoles. A. V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 45 34 Urzarsaiskoye 49 23 00N 49.3833333333333 88 25 00E 88.4166666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.11% WO3 with up to 0.3 % WO3. Reserves of 100,000 tonnes. Kalgutinsk Consists of a stockwork of scheelite-bearing veinlets hosted contact metamorphosed and locally in weakly metasomatized Cambrian and Early Ordovician sandy shale. The stockwork extends for 600 m long, is 400 m wide, andextends up to 500 m at depth. The stockwork consists of a dense network of quartz, quartz-feldspar and quartz-feldspar-carbonate veinlets with scheelite, fluorite, beryl, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Increased W occurs in quartz-feldspar veinlets. Mo increases downward. Wallrock is altered silica, greisen and sericite. The thickness of veinlets varies from 0.2 to 15 cm and averages 0.5 to 4 cm. Veinlets comprise from 10 to 30% host rock. Obolenskiy, 1960; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1977; Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia M 45 35 Uzuurtolgoi 48 58 30N 48.975 89 28 40 E 89.4777777777778 Zn, Pb Cu, Ag,Au, Sb Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Unknown Grade of 0.2-1.0% Zn, 0,2-1,0% Pb. Uzuurtolgoi Consists of brecciated and zones in Cambrian altered slate, sandstone and siltstone. Wallrock is altered to silica and limonite. Breccia zones and quartz-sulfide veins range up to 500 m long and several tens of m wide. Deposit minerals in the zones are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena and oxide. Major gangue minerals are quartz and chlorite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 45 36 Vladimirovskoye 50 46 00N 50.7666666666667 84 05 E 84.0833333333333 Co Zn Co skarn Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of Co-bearing skarn in contact zone of small diorite intrusives in Charysh fault zone. Amphibol-garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarns originated by metasomatic replacement of Devonian tuffs and partly diorite. Skarns altered to quartz-scapolite-amphibole-ankerite rock containing superposed deposit minerals. The deposit minerals occur in spotes, disseminations and streaks. Deposit minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, cobaltite and arsenopyrite (danaite). The deposit mineral bodies are irregular and locally occur in pipes. The bodies are from 2 to 18, thick and 8-80 m long. They occur from 65 to 100 m to depth. The deposit minerals are cobaltite, glaucodot, gersdorffite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, rare molybdenite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite. Zilberman and others, 1958; Kuznetsov, 1982; Borisenko and others, 1984; Indukaev, 1988. Russia M 45 37 Akkemskoye 49 46 00 N 49.7666666666667 86 47 E 86.7833333333333 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of series of small-scale quartz-molibdenite veins of complicated structure in silicified and pyritized sandstone-shale deposits of Cambrian age. They localized 2 km far from gramitoid massif Belucha Mountaine. Quartz-molibdenite veins occur in shear-zone along with the numerous veinlets and lenses of quartz, containng molibdenite, pyrite, rare sheelite. Hydrothermal altered shales near the quartz veins contain fine dissemination of molibdenite and pyrite. Carbonate, feldspar and muscovite in quartz veins also occur. Chrust, 1937; Kuznetsov, 1938; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1977. Russia M 45 38 Malachite 48 48 30N 48.8083333333333 89 32 30 E 89.5416666666667 Cu Au Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Unknown Average grade of 1.0% Cu, 0.8g/t Au. Uzuurtolgoi Consists of a sulfide-bearing carbonate-quartz replacement zone in a NW-trending fault in the Early Cambrian Uzuurtolgoi Formation. The zone is 1800 m long, 5-8 m wide, dips steeply and strikes longitudinaly. Three areas occur with irregular distribution of native copper, cuprite, pyrite and chalcopyrite and rare pyrrhotite and cinnabar. Main textures are disseminations, stringers and breccia. Malachite chips and stringers range up to 3-5 mm. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 45 39 Kalgutinskoye 1 49 14 00N 49.2333333333333 88 02E 88.0333333333333 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Average grade of 1.9% WO3, 0.36% Mo, 0.11% Bi2O3, 0.035% Be. Reserves of 12,000 tonnes WO3, 5,500 tonnes Mo; 235 tonnes Bi2O3; 48 tonnes BeO. Kalgutinsk Consists of quartz veins that occur in Kalguta granite pluton and in adjacent country Devonian extrusive rock. Deposit consists of more than 300 veins that occur in a NE-striking band that is about 2 km long and ranges up to 500 m wide. Single veins range from from a few m to 330 m long. The quartz veins are divided into W, W-Mo, and Mo types. Major minerals are wolframite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, beril, muscovite, fluospar, scheelite, feldspar, and topaz. Veins are associated with greisen that contain dissiminations and nests of ore minerals. A pipe of muscovite and quartz greisen occurs in porphyry granite, and consists of breccia with granite fragments and matrix intensely altered to greisen. The ore minerals occur in the altered matrix and are disseminated molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and rare wolframite. Baklakov, 1945; Kalugin , 1961; Pafienko, 1961; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1977; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia M 45 4 Kulbich 51 41 00N 51.6833333333333 86 46E 86.7666666666667 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Grade of 0.2-0.3% Cu, 0.005-0.01% Mo. Unassigned Consists of a porphyry Cu-Mo- deposit in an inner contact zone in a stock of Devonian granite porphyry and Late Cambrian volcanic-sedimentary host rock. Deposit minerals occur in two zones of hydrothermally-altered rock up to 5-6 km long and 200-500 m wide. Deposit minerals occur in streaks and disseminations along with some quartz and quartz-carbonate veins also are noted. Host rock is altered to silica, sericite, pyritie, carbonate and locaaly to varite. Content of Cu and Mo in deposits is irregular with the result that separate lenses of bodies formed. Deposit minerals chalcopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, sphalerite, fahlore, magnetite. Domarev, Vysokoostrovskaya, 1959; Nikolskaya, 1961; Kuznetsov and others, 1966. Russia M 45 40 Kalgutinskoye 2 49 11 30 N 49.1916666666667 88 04E 88.0666666666667 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Grade of 15-54% Fe. Resources of 300,000,000 tonnes Fe. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of hematite deposits hosted in Middle Devonian tuffaceous unit with rare carbonate and siliceous rock interbeds. Deposit horizon extends up to 15 km along strike. Bodies are lens-shaped, and range from tens to some hundred m long, and up to 20 m thick. Ore minerals and host-rock are not metamorphosed. Principal ore mineral is hematite along with rare pyrite. Ganque minerals are quartz, hydromica, tourmaline, barite, chalcedony, albite, chlorite, and carbonate. Deposits contain abundant volcanoclastic material and are high in silica. Cu, Zn, and Pb occur locally. Local Mn minerals occur along with silica-hematite. Kalugin, 1970; Kuznetsov, 1982; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia M 45 41 Mushgu 48 44 00N 48.7333333333333 89 23 30 E 89.3916666666667 W, Sb Hg Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork Small Resources of130,000 tonnes WO3, 300 kg Au. Hovdgol Consists of scheelite-bearing stockwork and ferberite-siderite veins that occur in argillaceous schist, sandstone and conglomerate of the mid-upper Moutain Altai Formation. Zone has a NW to N-NE strike and dips to the E. The eastern margin of prospect is marked by the Mushgu fault, that cuts off a Devonian(?) small tourmaline granite near the scheelte-bearing stockwork. S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 45 42 Onhot uul 48 40 45N 48.6791666666667 89 30 36 E 89.51 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Unknown Average grade of 1.0% Cu. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of Cu-bearing sandstone horizon in Middle to Late Devonian clastic Bardamgol Formation. consisting of siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate. One sandstone horizon containing malachite and melaconite has length 3-5 km. Average grade of Cu is 0.3% (from 0.1 to 0.6%), Pb-0.04%, Zn up to 0.5%, Ba-0.5%(maximum 6%), Bi-up to 0.04%. A second sandstone horizon has thickness 1-1.5 m, with malachite coatings. In grab samples the average grade of Cu is 1.0%, Mo-0.03%, Pb-0.04%, Bi-0.08%, Ag-3 g/t. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 45 43 Akalakhinskoye 49 27 00N 49.45 87 04 00E 87.0666666666667 Li, Ta, Nb, REE Alkaline complex-hosted Au Medium Average grade of 0.8% Li2O, 0.01% Ta2O5, 0.01% Cs, 0.08% Rb. Reserves of 128,000,000 tonnes. Kalgutinsk Consists of a stock (with dimensions of 1 by 1.5 km) of spodumene-granite porphyry and biotite porphyry granite in the main phase of the Chindagatui pluton. Spodumene granite porphyry is white with a fine-grained groundmass of albite, quartz, and muscovite. Phenocrysts range up to 1 cm and are composed of quartz and spodumene (10 to 30%), and local microcline and muscovite. Accessory minerals are columbite, tantalite, magnetite, and garnet. Grades range from 50 to 150 ppm Ta, 120 to 264 ppm Nb, 3700 to 5100 ppm Li, 1200 ppm Rb, and 260 ppm Cs. Also occurring are of spodumene aplite and muscovite aplite dikes. Muscovite aplite and spodumene granite porphyries are interpreted as forming in the late stage of crystallization of the pluton, significantly after intrusion of the early stage granite that comprises the major part of the pluton.The Ta-bearing spodumene granite porphyry and aplite are the analogues of spodumene and REE pegmatite and contain high Ta, Nb, Li, Rb, Cs, Sn, and Be. Vladimirov and others, 1998. Russia M 45 44 Kara-Alakha 49 19 00N 49.3166666666667 87 08 15 E 87.1375 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of series of quartz veins in Cambrian schist along the contact of a biotite porphyry granitic massif. Thickness of the veins ranges up to 1 m. Molybdenite occurs along vein selvages. The other ore minerals are pyrite, wolframite, chalcopyrite, and scheelite. Kaluzhnyi, 1963; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1977. Russia M 45 45 Khovd gol 48 44 00N 48.7333333333333 88 51 00 E 88.85 W, Sb Hg W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Reserves of 10,000 tonnes WO3. Mongol Altai Consists of ferberite-scheelite-quartz veins that occur in argillaceous schist ad quartz-chlorite schist of the upper Cambrian-Early Ordovician Altai Mountain Formation, plagiogranite and granite. Host sedimentary rock have weak argillic and sericitic alteration. High-grade W deposit minerals are concentrated at the endocontact of a small (500 x 800 m) intrusion of Silurian(?) plagiogranite. Seven veins contain deposit minerals. Some veins are 100 to 1000 m long and thickness varies from 0.05 to 0.2 m. The veins extend downdip to a depth of 30-160 m. The deposit minerals occur in crusts, layers, disseminations, masses and nexts. Main vein minerals occur vuggy and chalcedony-quartz, thick tabular black crystals of wolframite and massive brownish-yellow scheelite, rarely crystallized. Deposit contains small amounts of calcite, siderite, stibnite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar and gold. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 45 46 Koksinskoye 50 15 00N 50.25 84 08 30 E 84.1416666666667 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Resources of 65,000,000 tonnes grading 50.49% Fe. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of layered and lenticular magnetite-hematite bodies hosted in Devonian sedimentary and volcanic rock series. Host rock is fine-grained psammitic and aleuritic tuffite. Bodies extend 210-525 m along strike and are 1-19 m thick. Hematite admixture of feldspar and sericite occur. S and P amounts are negligible.According to geophysical data, resources are 65 tonnes. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 47 Dungerekh 48 51 00N 48.85 88 17 50 E 88.2972222222222 Mo, W Be, Li W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.3-3.86% Mo, locally up to 6.48% Mo, 0.03% Li, 0.1-0.3% Be, 0.07% W. Mongol Altai Consists of molybdenite, beryl, pyrite, and scheelite that occur in greisen and silica alteration, and deformed zone ranging from 150-200 m long and 0.1-1.2 m wide. Deposit hosted in middle Devonian Dungerekh granite pluton with K-Ar isotopic age of 312-366 Ma. Storozhenko, 1991; Dandar and others, written commun.,1999. Mongolia M 45 48 Kok-Kolskoye 49 25 00N 49.4166666666667 86 28 00 E 86.4666666666667 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of NE-striking quartz veins that are hosted in Orochogan granite massif and hosting metamorphosed Cambrian-Ordovician sandstone-shale sequences. More than 30 veins occur. They are from 30 to 360 m long and from 0.1 to 0.75 m thick. Deposit minerals are wolframite, molybdenite, pyrite, bismuthite, scheelite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, cassiterite, beryl. Gangue minerals are muscovite, feldspar, tourmaline, fluorite. The veins accompanied by zones of quartz-muscovite greisen with abundant fouorite and molybdenite. Greisen bodies with disseminated molybdenite, pyrite, rare wolframite occur in cupolas of massif roof. Erashov, 1936; Zinovjev and others, 1939, 1946; Kaluzhny, 1963; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 45 49 Kholzunskoye 50 08 00N 50.1333333333333 84 14E 84.2333333333333 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Grade of 0.10% V2O5, 1.77-3.49% S, 0.25-0.34% P2O5. Reserves of 600,000,000 tonnes grading 29.7% Fe. Korgon-Kholzun Consists of layered volcanic and sedimentary magnetite hosted in intensely-deformed Middle Devonian rock. Host rock is limestone, tuff, and dacite, and interbedded trachydacite porphyry, and quartz albitophyre. Deposit ranges from 300 to 600 m thick and extends for 25 km. Devonian host rock is intruded by a Permian biotite granite pluton in the SW part of the deposit. Host rock contact metamorphosed to quartz-muscovite-feldspar hornfels adjacent to the intrusive. Individual masses occur from 0.5 to 1 km from granite massive. Pegmatoid granite dikes cut magnetite. The ore mineral horizon consists closely-spaced layers and lenses. Individual masses extend more than 700 m along strike and depth, and range up to 70 to 100 m thick. The ore minerals occur in schistose and recrystallized sedimentary and volcanic rock. Ore minerals occur in plications, layers, lenses and in rare streaks and nests. Ore minerals are hydrosilicate-magnetite with high grade of apatite (prevale), actinolite, biotite, carbonate, and sulfides. Secondary minerals epidote, quartz, dolomite, zeolite, anhydrite, barite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. Deposit is high silica and low Mg. Extensive superimposed metasomatism modified stratiform Fe layers and host rock. Popov, 1967; Kassandrov, Zadorozhskiy, 1970; Kalugin and others, 1974, 1981; Kalugin, 1976; Kalugin, 1985; Orlov, 1988. Russia M 45 5 Osokinskoye 51 46 00N 51.7666666666667 85 13 00 E 85.2166666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of spatially divided sublatitudal quartz veins both in biotite granite (Permian and Triassic) of Belokurikha massif and hornfels; skarn in limestone in roof pendants. Veins are from 40 to 450 m long and from 5 cm to 2 m thick. In granite veins are accompanied by quartz-muscovite greisen borders. The main deposit mineral is wolframite. Bismuthite, pyrite, molybdenite, beryl occure. Molybdenite increases in greisen. Deposit related to postcollisional granite intrusion. The veins are mined partly. Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 45 50 Nominy Am 48 14 00N 48.2333333333333 89 42 00 E 89.7 Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Average grade of 1.0% Cu. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of sulfides in quartz and quartz-barite veinlets in a breccia zone hosted in the Early to Middle Devonian Otogiin Formation that consists of dacite, andesite, tuff, tuff breccia, and quartz-calcite sandstone. The breccia zone strikes NW and occurs at the intersection of NW-and NE-striking faults at the contact between volcanic and clastic rock. The breccia zone is 60-100 m wide and the 300-350 m wide. Cataclastic host rock is intensely altered to silica and limonite. The quartz and quartz-barite veins varies from 0.1 m to 1.5 m thick extend for 60-70 m along strike. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, malachite and azurite. Largest vein is 1-1.5 m by 70 m wide and grades from 0.3% to 1.0% Cu, 0.0015-0.7% Pb, 0.007-0.5% Zn, up to 1% As, up to 1% Ba, 0.003-0.015 g/t Au and 1.5 to 500 g/t Ag. Orgil and others, 1987; Demin and others, 1990; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 45 51 Chindagatuiskoye 49 14 30 N 49.2416666666667 86 35 30 E 86.5916666666667 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of quartz vein series in contact zone of biotite granite and granite-porphyry intrusive. Veins are north-east-striking and deep-steeping. The ore mineralization in veins represented by disseminations of molibdenite, wolframite, chalcopyrite, bismuthite, galena, fahlore, arsenopyrite, beril, fluospar, muscovite, feldspar. Veins bordered by quartz-muscovite greisen with disseminated sulfides, fluospar and apatite. When passing quartz vein from granite-porphyry to biotite-muscovite granite the contents of molibdenite decrease and wolframite increase. Kaljuzhny, 1963; Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971. Russia M 45 52 Qibeiling, Xinjiang 48 10 00N 48.1666666666667 87 40 00E 87.6666666666667 Muscovite Beryl Muscovite pegmatite Medium Resources of 4606 tonnes muscovite. Altay Consists of several tens of granitoid pegmatite veins that average 100-300 m long and 2-10 m thick in an area of 80 square km. Pegmatite veins occur in the contact zone between the Hercynian gnessic two mica grante and the Middle to Late Ordovian biotite plagioclase gneiss. The alteration zones of the pegmatite veins are usually 1-10 m wide and include biotitization, sillimanitization and tourmalization. Muscovite occurs in pegmatite veins as nido, band or scattered in the whole pegmatite vein. Economic muscovite averages 15.96 kg/m3 and up to 45.2 kg/m3. Deposit was discovered in 1959 and is being mined. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, 1996. China M 45 53 Qilinmutaer, Xinjiang 48 18 13N 48.3036111111111 86 59 00E 86.9833333333333 Muscovite Be Muscovite pegmatite Large Not available. Altay Consists of several tens of muscovite pegmatite veins 50-200 m long and 1-2 m thick. Muscovite is collectively in middle-coarse-grained pegmatite zone as mass or nest. The deposit minerals are muscovite, quartz and small amount of feldspar and Beryl. The wallrock is altered mainly to bitotite and muscovite and tourmaline. The width of alteration zone is 1.0 m. The strata in mine consists of Mid-Late Devonian metamorphic rock and constitute a anticlirium. Hercynican biotite granite intrudes along the axies of a anticliorium and several hundred pegmatite veins, that comprise the pegmatite mine, formed in and along the external contact zone of the granite intrusion. Editorial Committee of the Discovery History of Mineral Deposits, 1996. China M 45 6 Baliktigkhem 50 21 30 N 50.3583333333333 89 59 30 E 89.9916666666667 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kalgutinsk Consists of cassiterite-quartz veins and greisen zones in the apical part of a Devonian granite pluton. The greisen contains tourmaline, topaz, cassiterite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and beryl. The ore minerals are more abundant in veins and lenses of quartz, muscovite-quartz, and siderophyllite-quartz. Cassiterite is irregularly disseminated and occurs in nests the veins. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia M 45 7 Sarasinskoye 51 46 00N 51.7666666666667 85 30 00E 85.5 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Sarasinsk Consists of cinnabar in lenses in Proterozoic limestone that is overlapping by Middle Devonian volcanic rock. The lenses occur along steeply-dipping, stepwise shears in an overthrust. As minerals also occur in lenses of coarse-grained orpiment and realgar in disseminations, streaks and stockwork. Main deposit minerals are cinnabar, realgar, orpiment, pyrite and marcasite and rare stibnite. Gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite and quartz and rate barite, dickite and fluorite. Host limestone is altered to dolomite and silica and the volcanic rock is intensely altered to argillite. Deposit was mined from 1941 to 1945. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia M 45 8 Sary-Gimatei 50 15 00 N 50.25 89 59 30 E 89.9916666666667 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Not available. Unassigned Consists of stratiform bedded, finely disseminated and streaky Pb-Zn sulfides in Neoproterozoic volcanic, clastic and carbonate rock. Deposit occurs in a block composed of ancient rock along the Kurai major fault zone. Host rock is siltstone, coaly shale, sandstone, marble, metabasalt, tuffs and tuffite with mafic composition. They contain syngenetic disseminations of pyrite, pyrrhotite, rare chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Beds have a thickness 20-30 m. Two bodies at the eastern part of the Sary-Gimatei deposit occur along the contact between volcanic and clastic rock and marbles. The first one is 800 m long and consists of laminated fine-grained and streaks and disseminations of pyrite, galena and sphalerite. The second one is layered have a thickness about 2 m and extends up to 1 km along strike. Pb-Zn deposit minerals are oxidized and occur in streaks and disseminations. The gangue minerals are quartz, barite and celestite. Wallrock alterations are chlorite alteration and silica alteration. Blocks of massive fine-grained galena-sphalerite occur in talus. Deposit is poorly studied. Zaikov and others, 1978; Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia M 45 9 Batunkovskoye 51 42 00 N 51.7 85 15 E 85.25 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kolyvansk Consists of series of west-east-striking thin quartz veins, that form the discontinuous ore zone hosted in ancient granite-gneiss and partly hornfels. The mineralized zone is 960 m long and from 50 to 150 m width. The separate quartz veins traced to 50-80 m long and from 1-5 to 50 cm thick. Major ore minerals are wolframite, sheelite and pyrite, rare molibdenite, bismuthite, tourmaline also occur. Slightly greisenization noted in salvage of quartz veins. Some ore veins has been mined to 60 m depth. Sotnikov and Nikitina, 1971; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia M 46 1 Proezdnoye 51 55 00N 51.9166666666667 95 53 00E 95.8833333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Ondumsk Consists of gold-bearing quartz veins and stockwork zones in Cambrian and Ordovician granitoids. The veins to 100-350 m along strike and average 0.3-0.4 m thick (up to 1.5 m in swells). Quartz is the predominant vein mineral along with lesser sericite, epidote, feldspar and carbonate. Deposit minerals are pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite and rare sphalerite, bismuthine, tetradimite and native gold. Total sulfides range up to 1-2%. Sulfides are concentrated along veins selvages. Visible gold occurs with quartz and pyrite and rarely with other sulfides. The gold ranges from 0.001 to 1.5-2.0 mm diameter and occurs in fine-grains, flakes and dendritic forms. Gold is irregularly disseminated in veins and locally occurs in shoots. Wallrock is altered to beresite adjacent to veins. The stockwork predominates the granitoid and consists of a close network of quartz veinlets that are about 2-5 mm thick and contain pyrite and native gold. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia M 46 10 Karasugskoye 51 19 00N 51.3166666666667 92 06E 92.1 REE, Fe, CaF2, BaSO4 Fe-REE carbonatite Large Grade of 25.75% Fe in primary ores, 30-33% Fe in oxidizied ores. Reserves of 270,000,000 tonnes. Karasug Consists of pipes and nests of fluorite, barite, hematite, and siderite in a zone of brecciated Silurian sandstone and siltstone. Deposit ranges from 130 to 700 m long, is 30 to 100 m thick, and extends to a depth of 800 m. Primary ore minerals are siderite, fluorite, barite, and hematite, and lesser quartz, pyrite, and magnetite. Fluorite, barite, and siderite are most widespread. The average grades are 7-45% Fe (28% average), up to 20% fluorite (9% average), and 1.4-30% barite (15% average). An oxidizied zone extends from 100 to 300 m depth. Oxidized ore minerals are hematite, goethite, and hydrohematite. Average grade in oxidizied zone is 30 to 33% Fe. A K-Ar isotopic age for hydrothermal deposit formation is 112 to 122 Ma. Mitropolskiy, 1959, 1972; Ontoev, 1966; Kalugin and others, 1981; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia M 46 11 Mugurskoye 50 16 00N 50.2666666666667 95 10E 95.1666666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Grade of 30-47% Fe. Mugursk Consists of steeply-dipping layers of ferrous quartzite hosted in Precambrian metamorphic rock. The host rock is mica quartzite, biotite schist, amphibolite, marble, ferrous quartzite and graphite schist. One layer varies from 4 to 10 m thick, extends up to 8 km along strike and is strongly corrugated into small folds. Deposit layers consist of magnetite quartzite, hematite-magnetite quartzite, amphibole-magnetite quartzite, garnet-amphibole-magnetite schist and high magnetite layers. Major minerals are quartz, magnetite, hematite, amphibole, cummingtonite and grunerite. Secondary minerals are garnet, apatite, biotite, plagioclase and pyrite. S content ranges from is 0.1 to 0.3% (locally up to 1.5 to 2%) and P content ranges from 0.2 to 0.4% (locally up to 0.8 to 1.9%). Golubev, 1959; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia M 46 12 Eligkhem 50 55 00N 50.9166666666667 92 44E 92.7333333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of gold-bearing quartz veins hosted by early Paleosoic sandstone and that occur at significant distance from a Cambrian-Ordvician plagiogranite massif. Quartz veins are spatially associated with minor intrusions of diorite, gabbro, and diorite. The veins are irregular along strike and depth. Sulfide content is low. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and native gold. Lode deposit acompanied by gold placers. Deposit has been mined partly. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia M 46 13 Ulatayskoye 50 50 30 N 50.8416666666667 92 17 00 E 92.2833333333333 Fe, REE BaSO4 Fe-REE carbonatite Medium Grade of 37-53% Fe. Karasug Consists of lenses carbonaceous fluorite-barite-Fe-bodies hosted in Middle and Late-Devonian argilliceous-sandstone deposits. Intrusive rock consists of gabbro and gabbro and diabases (Middle Devonian(?)) and Post Devonian granitoids. Junger lampophyre dikes also occur. Host rock alterations are sericization, silica alteration, carbonate alteration and chlorite alteration. Bodies occur in a tectonic breccia that occurs along a complicated fracture zone that extends along a latitudinal direction for over 50 km. Total area of bodies outcrops amounts to 70,000 m2. Deposit minerals are siderite, barite, fluorite, hematite, magnetite, bastnasite, pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, galena. Deposit minerals are significanly oxidized to goethite-hydrogoethite and hydrohematite. Grade of Fe in oxidized deposit minerals ranges from 37 to 53%. Mitropolskiy, 1962, 1972; Ontoev, 1966. Russia M 46 14 Shuden uul 50 40 00N 50.6666666666667 92 30 00 E 92.5 Halite Evaporate halite Large Reserves of 79 million tones, grading 93.74-96.03% NaCl. Production of 88.4 thousand tonnes between 1975-1988. Unassigned Consists of a lenticular bed of halite that occurs in a Middle and Late Devonian evaporate basin. Halite deposit has a length of 250-800 m and with thickness of 10-12 m. The concentration of halite is 93.74-96.03% NaCl, 1.15-1.76 CaSo4,-0.08-0.26% Na2SO4, 1.95-3.60% LOI. Turischev, 1943; Sumiya, 1974; Sumiya and others, 1979. D. Maam and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 15 Davst uul 50 20 00N 50.3333333333333 93 20 00 E 93.3333333333333 Halite Evaporate halite Large Production and reserves of 387.4 thousand tonnes grading 93.96-95% NaCl. Unassigned Consists of halite which occur in the Middle-Late Devonian evaporate basin. The halite deposit has lenticular beds with length of 2150m and with an average thickness of 270 m. The content of halite is 95.0% NaCl, 1.52% NaSO4, 0.04% KCl, 2.26% LOI. Deposit age interpreted as Devonian. Dorjnamjaa and others, 1977; Shaandar and others, 1992; Khuazhin, 1966; Zh. Sumiya and B.C. Plutenko, written commun.,1975. Mongolia M 46 16 Chergak 51 04 00N 51.0666666666667 91 00 00 E 91 Co, Cu, Ni Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Not available. Chergak Consists of Cu-Co sulfoarsenide veins hosted in Ordovician and Silurian clastic and carbonate rock that are intruded by small Permian gabbro and diorite stocks and dikes. The host rocks are altered to silica and sericite. The deposits occur in fractures and breccia zones that occur along the Chergak fault. In the fault hanging wall, Cu-Co deposits consist of quartz-carbonate and carbonate veins. Individual veins range from 50 to 400 m long, and from 5 to 10 cm to 2.5 m thick. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, tennantite, tetrahedrite, arsenopyrite, cobaltite, gersdorfite, Co-skutterudite, and pyrite. The Co:Ni:Cu ratio is 2:1:10. Downward, Co and Ni increase and Cu decreases. In the fault footwallm Co-Cu deposits occur along in fracture and crush zones. The deposits consist of the zones of streaks and disseminations, and individual veins. The Co:Ni ratio is 1:5. Host rocks include metasomatite lenses with sericite, calcite, chlorite, tremolite, and quartz. Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia M 46 17 Actovrak 51 10 00 N 51.1666666666667 90 34 00 E 90.5666666666667 Chrysotile Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Large Not available. Khemchik-Kurtushubinsk Consists of chrysotile-asbestos deposits in the Actovrak ultramafic pluton. The pluton is a steeply-dipping body that is 3.5 km long, 0.2 to 0.5 km wide, and is emplaced conformable with Vendian and Early Cambrian extrusive and sedimentary rock. The pluton consists of apoharzburgite serpentinite and rare apodunite serpentinite with relicts of harzburgite. Serpentine-chlorite-amphibole rock occurs at the pluton exocontacts. The chrysotile-asbestos deposits is developed over the entire pluton and forms a single, concentrically zoned deposit. Asbestos veins occur in the central part of the deposit whereas small veinlets occur at the periphery. The veined zone containing the main ore reserves is 1.75 km long and 128 m thick. The deposit has been mined since 1964. Tatarinov and Eremeev, 1967; Nikitchin, 1979. Russia M 46 18 Oyut tolgoi 2 49 16 00N 49.2666666666667 95 58 00 E 95.9666666666667 Cu Ni, PGE, Au Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Average grade of 0.36% Cu. Reserves of 50,000 tonnes Cu. Telmen Consists oof Cu sulfides in a Middle Cambrian gabbro and hornblendite stocks that occur along the Khangai fault system for 6.0 km and ranges up to 1.5 km wide. The igneous rock intrude Paleoproterozoic gneiss, schist and amphibolite. The sulfides occur around of amphibole grains, and and in rare small nests and disseminations in quartz and quartz-feldspar veins in outer contact zone of some small stocks. Main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, ilmenite, magnetite, bornite and millerite and rare sphalerite, arsenopyrite, chalcocite, pentlandite and native gold. Four sulfide bodies occur. Part 1 occurs in western part of the deposit and occurs in a hornblendite stock that crops out over an area 350 m by 250 m. Deposit minerals occur the upper part of the stock in subhorizontal lenses and layers that dip gently E. The average grade is 0.36% Cu, 0.039% Ni and 0.04% Co. The length is 212.0 m and the average thickness is 38.0 m of the body. Part 2 1 km E Part 1 in asmall stock dipping steeply in S. The average grade is 0.52% Cu, 05% Ni and 0.006% Co. Two samples contain 0.16 g/t Pd and 0.4 g/t Au. The length is 220 m, downdip extension is 200 m and the average thickness is 50 m. Part 3 occurs 800 m E of Part 2 and is a small gabbro body with a surface area of 120 m by 30 m. Average grade is 0.27% Cu and 0.031% Ni. Part 4 occurs E Part 3, is 1.8 km long and 0.6 km wide. There are 15 small bodies with pyrite and chalcopyrite disseminations and malachite and azurite coatings. The bodies vary from 30 m to 100 m long and up to 25.0 m wide. Average grade varies from 0.38-0.78% Cu. Togtokh and others, 1977; Garamjav and others, 1978, B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 46 19 Pertoyskoye 50 46 00N 50.7666666666667 90 43 00E 90.7166666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of zones of disseminated sulfides including small lenses and nests of massive galena hosted in Middle Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit is related to rhyolite porphyry sill that intrudes red-bed clastic sedimentary rock. Deposit is controlled by a gently dipping zone of tectonic breccia that occur at the footwall of the sill. The zone is about 50 m long. The two stockwork bodies of 100-400 m2 in area occur. Pb minerals occur in masses, streaks and disseminations. The principal deposit mineral is galena. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and fahlore occur in lesser amounts. The gangue munerals are quartz, barite, carbonate and sericite. Streaky and disseminated deposit minerals occur in silica- and sericite-altered quartz porphyry with galena-barite veinlets and fine-grained disseminated galena. Ontoev, 1960; Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia M 46 2 Tardan 51 40 00N 51.6666666666667 95 14E 95.2333333333333 Au Au skarn Small Not available. Ondumsk Consists of an Au skarn that occurs along the contact zone of a Late Cambrian gabbro, diorite and tonalite pluton that intrudes Early Cambrian carbonaceous and volcanic rock. Magnesium-silicate and calc-silicate skarn replaces te carbonate and aluminosilicate rock. Skarn is hydrothermally-altered to calcite, quartz, dolomite, magnesite, chlorite, serpentine, talc and pyrite. Granitoid is locally altered to berizite. Au occurs in skarn, quartz veins and quartz-stockwork. The deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, barnite, pyrite, galena, pyrrhotite and native Au. Au grains are less than 0.3 mm. Au fineness is 940 to 960 and locally decreases to 840 to 860 p.m. A direct correlation exists between Au and chalcopyrite. Pt and Pd admixture occurs. Altered skarn contains from 0.5-33 ppm Pt. Vachrushev, 1972; Kuznetsov, 1981; Korobeynikov and others, 1976, 1997. Russia M 46 20 Tsagdaltyn Davaa 49 12 00N 49.2 95 18 00 E 95.3 Ni Co, Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Unknown Grade of 0.016-0.24% Ni (average 0.175% Ni), 0.003-0.023% Co (average 0.008-0.013% Co), up to 0.02% Cu. Lake Occurs in 3.5 sq.km. serpentinite massif. The deposit minerals are magnetite, a black Ni mineral, chromite and martite. Other minerals are ilmenite, limonite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and pentlandite. The massif strikes NE for 5.0 km and ranges up to 0.7 km wide. Chrisotile-asbestos stringers range up to 0.5 cm thick. Grab samples contain 0.016-0.24% Ni (average of 0.175%); 0.003-0.023% Co (average of 0.008-0.013%) and up to 0.02% Cu. In the central part of the serpentinite massif pyroxenite us replaced by amphibole. Pyroxenite contains up to 0.4%, Cr, 0.02-0.06% Ni, 0.01-0.02% Co and 0.02-0.1% Cu. One sample contains 0.003 g/t Au. Gold occurs in pan concentrates of stream sediment samples from small valleys in the massif. Togtokh and others, 1977; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 46 21 Tomorchuluut 49 25 00N 49.4166666666667 94 07 00 E 94.1166666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Resources of 18 million tonnes magnetite grading 24-41% Fe. Khan Hokhii Consists of bodies of silica-magnetite lenses and layers in Paleoproterozoic gneiss and greenstone schist. Bodies trend NW, are concordant with host rock and occur in an area 2.5 by 0.2 km. Approximately 10 occurrences similar to and in the vicinity ot the deposit, occur in a horizon of amphibolite and schist, in an NE-trending area that is 17 km long. The length of silica-magnetite bodies ranges from tens of m to 2,000 m and thickness ranges from 5 to 60 m. Main deposit mineral is magnetite. Filippova, 1977; Bakhteev and others, 1984. Mongolia M 46 22 Tolailyk 50 29 00N 50.4833333333333 90 35 00E 90.5833333333333 Co, Cu Ni Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Not available. Chergak Consists of Cu-Co sulfoarsenide veins hosted in volcanic and sedimentary rock that is intruded by Permian gabbro, diabase, diorite and granite porphyry dikes. Deposits are concentrated in quartz and quartz-carbonate veins in Vendian and Cambrian porphyry and Middle Devonian clastic rock and shale that are intensely altered to chlorite. Ten veins occur and range up to 200 m long and 15 to 20 cm wide. Deposit minerals are Co-arsenopyrite, glaucodot, lollingite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and fahlore. A crush zone also occurs. Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia M 46 23 Borts Uul 49 19 00N 49.3166666666667 93 57 00 E 93.95 Cu Zn, Au, Ag Volcanogenic Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Urals type) Large Grade of 0.5-0.6-1.3% Cu with a cutoff grade of 0.1% Cu. Resource in the Northern part is 28,200 tonnes Cu with average grade of 1.0-1.5% Cu to a depth of 100.0 m. Lake Consists of sulfide rich lenses and tabular bodies in volcanic rock at the intersection of the Khangai and Zavkhan major faults. The deposit contains three parts. In Northern part is hosted in faulted horizons and lenses of andesite, dacite, basalt tuff and volcanic breccia. The three main bodies are tabular and conformable with host volcanic rocks. Sulfide bodies and host rocks are folded together. Sulfide bodies ranges from 1 m to 17 m thick and extend up to 1.4 km long. Ore minerals occur in irregular masses, disseminations, stringers, and nests. A gradation contact between host rock and sulfides. Grade varies widely up to 4.0% Cu and the average grade sulfide bodies is 0.5-0.6% Cu, up to 60.0 g/t Ag and up to 0.4 g/t Au. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, cuprite, covellite, and copper oxides. Host rock is altered and white. Chlorite and epidotie alternation is widely developed. The Central part consists of sheets and lenses of andesite, basalt, dacite tuff, tuff, and tuff-breccia, strikes northwest, and estends for 0.5 km. Two main zones range from 2.0 m to 15.0 m thick and contain sulfide lenses or tabular bodies that range from 0.2 m to 2.0 m thick and dip steeply. Other features are similar to Northern part. Average grades are 1.3% Cu and 5.0 g/t Ag. The third or Pyrite part occurs 1.5 km east of the Central part and is hosted in dacite porphyry and tuff. Finely disseminated pyrite occurs in a zone 100.0 m by 250.0 m. Pyrite is intensively oxidized and limonite is well developed. Cu minerals are rare. Grades are is up to 0.1% Cu, up to 0.4 g/t Au, and up to 5.9 g/t Ag. D. Baatar and others, written commun., 1979; Baadai and others, 1982; Podkolzin and others, 1990. Mongolia M 46 24 Chazadyrskoye 50 24 00N 50.4 90 27 00E 90.45 Hg Silica-carbonate (listvenite) Hg Small Not available. Terligkhaisk Represented by steeply dipping listvenite zone and chloritized metamorphic rocks with mercury mineralization along the fault. The zone of mineralization extends for about 600 m. It has an average thickness of about 1.5 m and was traced to 150 m at a depth. Ore types are streaky-dissiminated, brecciated, and stockwork. The main ore mineral is cinnabar, subordinate minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, Hg-fahlore. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, dolomite, ankerite, albite, chlorite, and barite. In the fault zone, host rocks represented by Lower Cambrian metamorphic shales, Silurian sandstones and shales, Devonian conglomerates and sandstones are listvenitized, dolomitized, chloritized, and argillized. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia M 46 25 Ulaantolgoi 49 28 00N 49.4666666666667 93 02 00 E 93.0333333333333 Zr, Nb, Ta, REE Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE Medium Resources of 10,000-12,000 tonnes Ta, 100,000-120,000 tonnes Nb, 20,000-25 000 tonnes Y, few hundred thousand tonnes Zr. Khalzanburged Consists of Zr-REE minerals in a hypabyssal late Paleozoic(?) stock of alkaline ribeckite syenite that intrudes Middle and Late Cambrian granodiorite. The northern part of the stock (with an area of 0.12 sq.km.) is altered to biotite-quartz-albite and riebeckite-microcline-albite rock with REE. Along the northern contactof alkaline syenite stock, the host granodiorite is are strongly brecciated and altered to albite metasomatite along NW-and NE-trending faults. The metasomatic rock contains small disseminations of zircon, fluorite, chlorite, muscovite, apatite, xenotite, cassiterite, monazite, columbite, fergusonite, chevkinite, orthite, Ce-bearing thorite, sphene, braite and Cu-Pb-Fe sulfides. Deposit grades 0.005-0.028% Ta2O5, 0.060-3.0% Nb2O5, 0.011-0.8% Y2O3 and 0.015-10% ZrO2. In tenths and hundredths per cent are Ce, La, Cu, Mo, Zn, Pb, Be, Sn, Bi and Ag. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 46 26 Bayankhairkhan 48 43 45 N 48.7291666666667 94 26 25 E 94.4402777777778 Au-Cu-Fe Au skarn Unknown Average grade of 0.95 g/t Au. Gentral Mongolian The ore-field consists of the Upper Proterozoic ( the Middle Riphean ) Tsagaannuur Formation intruded by the Upper Proterozoic and Upper Permian granite. It is presented by skarn localised along the eastern contact of Upper Proterozoic ( ? ) granite intruded by Permian age high alkaline granite, in the Tsagaannuur Formation. Skarn consists of garnet, garnet - magnetite and magnetite skarns localised in a horizon of marbled limestone. The thickness of the skarn is 8 m and its' length - 3000 m. Copper mineralisation and quartz veinlets are overprinted on the skarn in some parts. By gold-spectrometry, rock chip samples contained up to 1.0 - 10.0 g/t Au, up to 100.0 - 150.0 g/t Ag, up to 1.0% Cu. B.A. Samozvantsev and others, written commun., 1982. Mongolia M 46 27 Yolochka 49 34 16N 49.5711111111111 91 51 00 E 91.85 Au(Cu,Fe) Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.4-1.0 g/t Au, 0.1-0.5% Cu, up to 0.06% Zn, up to 0.2% Pb, up to 2.5 g/t Ag. Hovd Hosted in the Tsagaan Shiveet major fault zone, in the western margin of the Nuuryn terrane. Occurrence hosted in Vendian to Early Cambrian Tsol Uul Formation, Early Silurian Khutsbulag Formation and the Early Devonian Makdor Intrusive Complex. The Tsol Uul Unit consists of andesite-basalt, basalt-andesite porphyry, tuffs, lavabreccia, spillite and limestone. The Khutsbulag Unit consists of sandstone, siltstone and greywacke. The Makdor Complex consists of two small intrusive: The first phase is fine-grained diorite; the second phase-middle grained granodiorite. There are also widely distributed dikes of granodiorite porphyry, syenite porphyry and diabase porphyry mostly NE-trending. There are two main zones of tectonic weakness and their branch small fractures. The width of the zones varies from 20.0-30 m to 150.0-200 m and of small fracture zones-from 0.1-0.2 m to 1.0 m. Quartz and siderite are wide developed in the fault zones. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, malachite and azurite disseminations. Hydrothermal replacement alteration, consisting of skarn, epidote alteration and silification are wide developed. The size of skarns is 0.4-2.5 m by 20.0-100 m. Some skarns contain pyrite and chalcopyrite disseminations. Skarn mineral is epidote, quartz, calcite and garnet. Maximum grade of Au is 0.4-1.0 g/t in skarn. The grade of Cu is 0.1-0.5%, Zn-up to 0.06%, Pb up to 0.2%, Ag up to 2.5 g/t in skarn. More high grade of gold occurs in chalcopyrite-magnetite skarn with higher content of Cu, rare Zn and Sb. L. B. Chistoedov and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 28 Erdenekhairkhan 48 11 00N 48.1833333333333 95 44 20 E 95.7388888888889 Au, Cu, Fe Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 1.3-1.4 g/t Au, 0.2-1.0% Cu, 10.0-50.0 g/t Ag. Central Mongolia Hosted in Vendian and early Paleozoic carbonate rock of the Tsagaanolom Formation that is intruded by a Permian syenite stock. Magnetic anomaly indicates skarn is 600 m long and 300-400 m wide. The skarn is cut by two NE-trending, steeply-dipping faults that define three blocks. The central block is uplifted and more eroded; the northern and the southern blocks are downdropped. Three small openpits with surface dimensions of 2 by 70-80 m to 4 by 200 m occur in the central block. Deposit consists of disseminations and stringers of chalcopyrite and bornite. Host carbonate rock is locally altered to serpentinitie and recrystallized. Ore minerals are magnetite-hematite (5-70%), Fe oxides (up to 7%) and minor chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, malachite, native copper, covellite, native silver(?), and pyrrhotite. Channel samples contain 0.89-2.34% Cu and core-samples 0.2-1.0% Cu, up to 1.8 g/t Au and 0.4 g/t Ag . Grab samples grade from 0.1-1.0% to 7.88% Cu, 10.0-50.0-100.0 g/t Ag. Extensive NE-trending quartz-carbonate veins occur in the eastern and SE parts of the deposit, and range from 0.2-0.5 m thick and 20.0-100 m long. Au soil anomaly in an area 300.0 by 350 m occurs over skarn. A. Enkhbayar and others, written commun., 1982; B.A. S. Samozvantsev and others, written commun., 1982. Mongolia M 46 29 Khagarlyn 49 25 10N 49.4194444444444 91 49 16 E 91.8211111111111 Au, Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.001-2.3 g/t Au, 1.0% Cu. Hovd Consists of Early Cambrian Icheet Formation of greenschist with limestone horizons. Occurs in the major Tsagaanshiveet fault zone. Bodies consist of banded skarn in a chain. Skarn contains disseminated chalcopyrite and malachite coatings. The skarns are 800 m and 110 m wide. Indiuidual skarns are 0.5-10 m by 50.0-100 m. Au ranges from 0.001 to 8.1 g/t on surface. Where Au is more than 1.0 g/t, Cu varies from 1.0 to 5.0%. There is also a longitudinal-trending, epidote-garnet-pyroxen skarn to the SE that is 10 m by 1.0 m, and consists of skarn with pyrite in sandstone. The width of pyrite-altered sandstone horizon is 100.0-150 m and the length is 1.0 km. Yakovlev, 1977; L.B. Chistoedov and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 3 Tora-Sairskoye 51 23 00N 51.3833333333333 94 24 00E 94.4 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Not available. Terligkhaisk Consists of steeply-dipping fracture zones at the contacts and in andesite-porphyry dikes cutting Early Devonian sandstone. There are 7 bodies known. They have a length of 20-35 m and thick of 1-5 m. Average content of 0.2% Hg. Hg minerals occur in irregular disseminations, thin veinlets and occasionally fills in cavities in porphyry. The main deposit mineral is cinnabar. Associated minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, stibnite and galena. Gangue minerals are quartz and carbonate. Host porphyry is altered to argillite and carbonate and sandstone is intensely altered to silica. Kuznetsov, 1981. Russia M 46 30 Shartolgoi 49 05 00N 49.0833333333333 92 43 00 E 92.7166666666667 Ta, Nb, Zr, Y La, Ce Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Grade of 0.01-0.08% Ta2O5, 0.05-0.63% Nb2O3, 0.1-4.0% ZrO2, 0.02-5.68% Y2O3. Khalzanburged Consists of Nb-Ta-REE minerals in late Paleozoic alkaline subvolcanic rock that intrude a Cambrian granodiorite pluton. The alkaline rock comprise a volcanic and plutonic structure 2 sq.km. in area and are intensely altered along with the host Cambrian granodiorite pluton to muscovite, K-feldspar, fluorite, albite, sulfides and silica. Albite alteration also occurs along faults. Deposit minerals are zircon, pyrochlore and niobirutile and rare cassiterite, xenotime, thorite, monzite, sphalerite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are albite (80-90%), microcline (10%) and muscovite and sericite (3-8%) and sparse fluorite, sphene, apatite and calcite. Two main deposit stages occur: a REE stage with Ta, Ni, Zr, Hf, S and Yt, Ce and La, Yt; and a superimposed stage with Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo and Ag sulfides. Kovalenko and others, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 46 31 Nukhet 48 17 00N 48.2833333333333 94 56 00 E 94.9333333333333 Zn, Pb Au, Cd, Au Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Small Average grade of 1.4% Pb, 1.9% Zn. Mining from small open pit in pre-historic time. Central Mongolia Consists of stratabound disseminated sulfides in a zone several thousand m long that is hosted in Proterozoic siderite-altered limestone. Bodies ranges from 2 m x 220 m to 2.5 m x 320 m. Major minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, siderite, and calcite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 32 Namiryn gol 49 21 00N 49.35 91 39 00 E 91.65 Cu Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Ranging up to 1.0% Cu, 0.1% Zn+Pb, up to 20.0 g/t Ag. Uuregnuur Consists of several zones with altered with Cu sulfides that occur in the hanging wall of a NW-trending thrust fault in Devonian Kharkhiraa cataclastic granite. The zone is 200-500 m wide and 8000 m long. Host rock is altered to argillite, silica and albite. The deposit minerals are hematite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, native copper, covellite, cuprite, tenorite, malachite and azurite. The zones strike NW to EW, range up to 1 m thick and from 10 to 15 m long. Most zones dip steeply to W and NW. Channel samples contains: up to 1.0% Cu, 0.1% Zn+Pb and up to 20.0 g/t Ag with local 400.0 g/t Ag and up to 0.5% Bi. Footwall of thrust fault consists Early to Middle Jurassic mylonitic red sandstone and conglomerate that is cut by rare calcite stringers with malachite. A complex soil anomaly along the thrust fault grades up to 0.01% Cu, Pb, Zn, Ba with up to 1.0 g/t Ag. Blagonravov and others, 1977; Jamyandorj and others, 1977; Tseveennamjil. and others, 1981; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 33 Gozgor 49 13 52N 49.2311111111111 91 57 12 E 91.9533333333333 Cu Au Volcanogenic Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Urals type) Unknown Grade of 1.0-3.0% Cu and up to 20 g/t Au. Lake Consists of quartz veinlets in epidote-altered andesite porphyry in the Vendian to Early Cambrian Tsol uul Formation that consists of marine mafic and intermediate volcanic rock with limestone horizons. Deposit occurs along the Tsagaanshiveet fault. The thickness of veins varies from 0.5 m to 1.0 m, and length from 3.0 m to 5.0 m. Ore minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and malachite. Malachite masses are 0.1-0.3 m thick and from 0.4-0.5 m to 1.0-1.5 m long in veins. Samples contains from 0.06 to 20.0 g/t Au, 1.0-3.0% Cu, and 0.4% Ba. L.V. Chistoedov and others, written commun.,1991. Mongolia M 46 34 Achit nuur 49 32 36 N 49.5433333333333 90 51 36 E 90.86 W Be, Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.05-3.29 WO3, 0.003-2.7% Be, 0.005-0.03% Mo, 0.01-0.2% Sn, 0.1-0.5% Pb, 0.08% Li, 0.5% Y. Inferred resource 58000 tonnes WO3. Mongol Altai Consists of wolframite, beryl, and molybdenite mineralization in quartz veins from 15 to 20 m long and 0.1-0.5 m thick, with average thickness of 0.2 m. Mineralization occurs along the contact of Kharkhiraa granite pluton with Ordovician tuff-sandstones. K-Ar age of the Kharkhiraa complex is 320 Ma. S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 46 35 Kupol 49 16 00N 49.2666666666667 91 41 00 E 91.6833333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Unknown Average grade of 0.52% Cu, 0.01% Zn, 0.01% Pb, 0.2% Ba. Uuregnuur Consists of 5 thin horizons with malachite coatings that occur along the hinge of anticline in Early to Middle Jurassic red sandstone. Horizons are 0.1-0.12 m thick and have a length of 400 m. Channel and rock chip samples contains Cu up to 0.52%, Zn-0.01%, Pb-0.01% and Ba-0.2%. Jamyandorj and others, 1977; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 46 36 Otor uul 49 21 00N 49.35 91 13 00 E 91.2166666666667 Cu Ag, Au, Zn Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of up to 1.3% Cu, 0.04-1.0% Zn, up to 200.0 g/t Ag, 0.001-0.1% Sn and Bi, 0.5% Sn, up to 0.1 g/t Au. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of garnet-epidote skarn bodies in xenolith of sandstone-shale formation with limestone horizon. The xenolith occurs on Late Devonian Kharkhiraa granite massif and is intruded by granite porphyry bodies. Skarn body contains nests, disseminations and stringers of chalcopyrite, cuprite, covellite, native copper and Ag. The thickness of skarn varies from 0.5 m to 5.0 m and their length from 50-100 m to 500 m. Yakovlev, 1977; Ayush and others, 1982; Podkolzin and others, 1990; Chistoedov and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 46 37 Daltyn Khudag 49 24 07N 49.4019444444444 91 03 19 E 91.0552777777778 Sn Cu, Pb, Ag Sn skarn Small Grade of 0.11-0.67% Sn, 1.64% Cu, 0.7% Zn, 0.01% Pb, 1-10 g/t Ag. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of skarn bodies 25-30 m thick, 50 m long and 1-2 m wide occurring in the contact of Kharkhiraa granite complex with host Ordovician slates and tuffsandstones. The age of the Granite is 347 Ma (K-Ar). Main ore minerals are cassiterite, chalcopyrite, bornite, tennantite, pyrite and malachite. S. Dandar and others, written commun.,1999. Mongolia M 46 38 Omnogobi 49 06 00N 49.1 91 38 00 E 91.6333333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Unknown Range of 0.13-1.47% Cu with average of 0.88% Cu. Hovd Consists of lenses and tabular bodies of sandstone and siltstone with chalcocite disseminations and malachite and azurite coatings, in Middle to Late Ordovician volcanic and sedimentary rock formation. Deposit is 50 m wide and extends 1500 m. The thickness of lenses ranges up to 10 m. Channel samples contains: Cu grade from 0.13% to 1.47% (average 0.88% in 12 channel samples); Ag-up to 20.0 g/t; Co-0.001-0.003%; and Ni-0.002-0.004%. Soil sampling conducted in an area 4.0 km by 3.5 km, reveals Cu aureole with a grade up to 0.04%. Jamyandorj and others, 1977; Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 39 Khatuugiin 48 52 40N 48.8777777777778 91 56 15 E 91.9375 REE-Zr-Ta Nb, Sn Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Grade of 0.006-0.23% Ta2O5; 0.04-0.28% Nb2O5 0.2-0.6% Zr; 0.01% Sn. Resources of 6,737 tonnes Ta2O5, 73500 tonnes Nb2O5. Mongolian-Altai Consists of Zr-Ta-Nb-REE minerals in albite-quartz-mica metasomatite in Bayan Ulzii subalkaline granite hosted in Early Cambrian volcanic rock. Three metasomatic bodies with a size of 700-1200 m x 35-55 m thick occur along the Altankhukhii fault zone that controls the alteration. Main ore minerals are zircon, malachite, columbite, pyrochlore, orthite, xenotym, monazite, fluorite thorite, hematite, pyrite, sphalerite, and Nb-tantalite. S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 46 4 Arzakskoye 51 31 00N 51.5166666666667 93 22 00E 93.3666666666667 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg Small Not available. Terlighaisk This deposit is represented by a mineralized fracture zone of NE strike within alkaline volcanic rocks, rhyolites, andesites, tuffs, and sandstones of the Middle Devonian age. A zone is a few hundreds of meters long and 0.5-1.7 m thick. Mercury mineralization is represented by veinlets and dissiminated cinnabar; sphalerite and galena occur. Arzakite and eglestonite are widespread in the crust of weathering of the deposit. The deposit occurs in intensely argillized and silicified alkaline volcanic host rocks. Kuznetsov, 1981; Grechishchev and others, 1978. Russia M 46 40 Umnu Khutel 48 56 22N 48.9394444444444 91 34 34 E 91.5761111111111 W, Mo Bi, Sn, Ag W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.2-1.0% W, 0.01-0.1% Mo, 0.05-0.6% Sn, 0.0005% Bi, 0.1-0.2% Li, 0.8-2 g/t Ag. Resources of 30,000 tonnes W, 6,000 tonnes Mo, 4,000 tonnes Bi, 3,000 Sn. Mongol Altai Consists of W-Mo veins occurring in the contact zone of the Late Carboniferous Kharkhiraa granite pluton that intrudes sandstone and aleurolite of Mountain Altai Group. Veins are from 10 to 200 m long and from 0.25 to 1.0 m thick in 100-500 m wide zone. Main deposit minerals are wolframite, molybdenite, fluorite, pyrite and scheelite. G. Bomboroo and others, written commun., 1979; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 46 41 Dulaan khar uul 49 19 00N 49.3166666666667 90 26 00 E 90.4333333333333 Ag, Pb, Zn Au, Cu Ag-Pb epithermal vein Large Grade of 2.05% Zn, 0.1-1.76% Pb, 1.1 g/t Au, 1.0-45.0 g/t Ag, 0.1-0.3% Cu. Resources of 665,000 tonnes Zn, 430,000 tonnes Pb, 16.0 tonnes Au. Deluun-Sagsai Occurs in margin of volcano tectonic caldera containing Early to Middle Devonian Dulaankhar Formation that consists of rhyolite tuff, flows, tuffaceous sandstone, rhyolite and dacite porphyry subvolcanic bodies, and dikes and diabase dikes. Deposit occurs in layers and sheets layers of siliceous tuff breccia. Four bodies occur and vary from 200 to 700 m long and 10 to 40 m wide. Primary ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and gold. Sulfides occur in altered chlorite-sericite-quartz tuff and at the intersection of the Dulaankhar fault with a dike swarm that is 600 m wide. The sulfide bodies vary form 0.7 m to 20 m thick and occur in layers, lenses, and veins and extend over 100 m on surface and downdip to a depth of 400-500 m. A large SP anomaly in the NE part of the deposit has potential for new sulfide bodies. Oxidized parts of the deposit contain cerussite, calamine, galena, wulfenite, barite, fluorite, calcite and malachite. Grades are 1.0% Pb, 1.0 10.0% Zn, 0.5 1.0% Cu, up to 2000.0 g/t Ag and up to 0.2% Ba, from 0.2 to 4.0 g/t Au. A silica cap 700 m by 10-20 m occurs in the SW part of the deposit and contains Cu oxides and hematite. The easter and central parts of the deposit are hosted in tuff breccia. These areas contain anomalous Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo and Co. Anomaly aureoles also occur in the western part. Shubin and others, 1985; V. Filonenko and others, written commun.,1991. Mongolia M 46 42 Bayanbulag 48 47 00 N 48.7833333333333 91 54 00 E 91.9 Cu Ag Sediment-hosted Cu Unknown Grade of 0.13-0.16% Cu, 6.0 g/t Ag. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of Cu mineralization in Middle to Upper Ordovician sandstone and siltstone. Sandstone lenses 5.0 m thick and 20.0 m long contain malachite and azurite along foliation. Chalcocite, covellite and chalcopyrite form impregnations. Samples contained Cu - 0.13 - 0.16% and Ag - up to 6.0 g/t. Similar mineralization (malachite and azurite coatings ) ocurrs 1.0 km to the north, in a sandstone horizon 5.0 m thick. Grab samples of the latter, contained: Cu - 0.1 - 0.8%, Ba - 0.01 - 0.02%, Zn - 0.02%, Ni - 0.02% and Ag - 4.0 - 6.0 g/t. Bomboroo and others, 1978; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 43 Khuren tolgoi 48 42 00N 48.7 91 51 00 E 91.85 Cu Volcanogenic Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Urals type) Unknown Not available. Lake Main part of deposit consists of branches and lenses of silica, epidote and hematite alterations in andesite porphyry with disseminations and thin stringers of chalcocite and bornite. Zone has a width of 80 m and length of 1000 m and is hosted by Early Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock of the Burgaltai Formation. A NE-trending subvolcanic body altered to metasomathic quartzite occurs in the SE part of the occurrence. Deposit minerals are native copper, pyrite, pyrrhotite, zigenite. Malachite and azurite are intensively developed in the zone. Two additional lenses are identfied; the North, with a size 220 m by 20 m and the South with a size 140 m by 18.0 m. The grade of Cu ranges from 0.1% to 2.2% ( average 1.0% in 6.0 m wide body). Deposit lenses that occur in wings and on extension of main deposit, are small (4.0-5.0 m by 20.0-100 m) and lower grade (0.12-0.9% Cu). There are 15 other zones in the 3.0 km by 5.0 km area. The most significant is 70 m wide and with grade of Cu from 0.1% to 0.6% in 2.0 m and 8.0 m wide intervals. V. Samozvantsev and others, written commun., 1982. Mongolia M 46 44 Ulaan uul 49 13 27N 49.2241666666667 90 14 32 E 90.2422222222222 W Nb, Y W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Reserves of 2,280 tonnes WO3. Resources of 5,870 tonnes WO3, 8.4 tonnes Nb, 500 kg Y. Mongol Altai Consists of about 40 NE-trending quartz-wolframite veins that occur in the western part of the Jurassic Ulaanuul leucocratic granite pluton. Veins range up to 1000 m long and from 0.1 to 1.5 m wide and contain beryl, molybdenite, Y-bearing fluorite and sulfides. The Ulaanuul pluton is 10 by 2.5 km and is elongated NW along the major Khovd fault. K-Ar isotopic ages range from 180-200 Ma and Rb-Sr isochron ages are 170-180 and 196 ñ 20 Ma. Granite pluton consists of porphyritic coarse-grained biotite granite, medium-grained microcline granite and microcline-albite leucogranite. Amitan, 1993; A.N. Demin and others, written commun., 1990; S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 46 45 Molybdenum Stockwork 49 12 40N 49.2111111111111 90 12 30 E 90.2083333333333 Mo, W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.05-0.08% Mo, 0.01-0.2% WO3, 0.001% Be. Resources of 3,370 tonnes Mo. Mongol Altai Consists of disseminated and stringer Mo mineals in a Late Jurassic (200-130 Ma) granite pluton hosted in Middle to Late Devonian rhyolite and dacite. Stockwork occurs in an area of 0.8 sq.km., NE elongate and 10-40 m thick. Molybdenite, quartz-sulfide, quartz-wolframite and quartz-wolframite-beryl assemblages occurs. Main deposit minerals are molybdenite, wolframite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, beryl, fluorite and zinnwaldite. Fluid inclusions from quartz are homogenized at temperatures of 240-350øC. Amitan, 1993; Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 46 46 Tsunkheg 49 11 00N 49.1833333333333 90 03 00 E 90.05 W Ag W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Resources of: 8,000 tonnes WO3 grading 0.1-40% WO3, and average grade of 2.39% WO3; 50,000 tonnes WO3 grading 0.12-0.2% WO3, 100 g/t Ag, 0.5-1.0% Cu, 1% Sb, 0.5-1.0% Zn, and 2% As. Mongol Altai Consists of complex vein and W stockwork that are hosted in a NE-trending zone of Ordovician-Silurian sandstone, siltstone, tuffstone and tuffaceous siltstone. Host rock is altered to sulfides, contact metamorphosed and intruded by minor bodies of gabbro and diabase. Three steeply-dipping quartz-wolframite veins extend for 200-300 m along strike, more than 100 m downdip and range from 0.3 to 0.45 m thick. The NE-trending zone extends for 950 m and ranges up to 270 m wide and extends to a depth of 300 m. The deposit mineral assemblages are scheelite-quartz-feldspar-molybdenite, wolframite-quartz-pyrite-pyrrhotite-scheelte-chalcopyrite and sporadic quartz-carbonate. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 46 47 Maikhan Uul 48 51 00N 48.85 91 00 40 E 91.0111111111111 Ta-Nb-REE Albite syenite-related REE Small Grade of 0.3% Ta, 0.003-0.5% Nb. Reserves of 1013 tonnes Nb, 1,123 tonnes Y, 720 tonnes Ce, 1,206 tonnes La, 8,307 tonnes Zr. Resources of 230,000 tonnes ore. Mongol Altai Consists of Ta, Nb and REE minerals in albite-altered zone in nepheline syenite. Zone is 1-7 m wide and 500 x 4 m long and contains quartz-fluorite veins. K-Ar isotopic age is 244 ñ5 Ma S. Dandar and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 46 48 Tsakhir 48 30 00N 48.5 91 55 00 E 91.9166666666667 Nb, Ta Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE Small Average grade of 0.02% Ta, 0.5 Nb, 3.0% Zr, 0.02% Y. Resources of 7,500 tonnes Ta , 125,000 tonnes Nb, 220,000 tonnes Zr, 50,000 tonnes Y. Khalzanburged Consists of Zr, Ta, Ni and REE minerals related to minor intrusions of nordmarkite and alkaline granite developing into feldspar quartzose and albite metasomatite. Metasomatic rock form oval isometric (150 x 250 m elongated (1-50 x 700 m) area. Dikes of quartz-feldspar-arfvedsonite pegmatite with rare earths occur among metasomatite and in marginal part of alkaline granite pluton. Grade ranges from 0.005-0.087-0.26% Ta, 0.03-0.72% Nb, 1.0-5.89% Zr and 0.05-0.1% Y. Kovalenko and others, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 46 49 Khalzanburegtei 48 22 00N 48.3666666666667 91 56 00 E 91.9333333333333 Nb, Zr REE Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Large Average grade of 0.011% Ta2O5, 0.2% Nb2O5, 1.46% ZrO2, 0.11% V2O5. Resources of 17,800 tonnes Ta2O5, 3,353,000 tonnes Nb2O5, 24,028,000 tonnes ZrO2, 489,900 tonnes Tr2O3. Khalzanburged Consists of Nb-Zr-REE with fluorite related to alkaline granite pluton of Khalzan Buregtei. Ore minerals are pyrochlore (Nb-rich), zircon silicates (Zr-rich), and REE-F-carbonate. Fluorite is abundant in veins and disseminations. Deposit contains LREE with high content of Ba, Sr, Li, Be, and Sn. Occurs along Khankhohii fault zone near Tsagaanshuvut major fault. Nearby are REE minerals in eckerite and quartz-feldspar metasomatite. Kovalenko and others, 1995. Mongolia M 46 5 Akolskoye 51 48 00 N 51.8 92 15 00 E 92.25 Ag, Sb Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Not available. Khovuaksinsk Consists of quartz-carbonate veins hosted in the Upper Proterozoic amphiboles, crystalline schists, skarnized Lower Paleozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks, serpentinized and listvenitized ultrabasic rocks. Skarns are related to the gabbro-diorite intrusion of the Carboniferous age. Skarns have the diopside-garnet-magnetite-wollastonite composition. The veins up to 40 cm thick form the veined zone of 1.2 km long. Ore mineralization is localized at the lying wall of the veins as irregular dissemination, nests, and veinlets. Ore minerals are niccolite, rammelsbergite, smaltite, chloantite, native silver, tennantite, bornite, skutterudite, galena, and sphalerite. Carbonates are represented by dolomite and calcite. Wall-rock alteration is represented by carbonatization, talcization (?), sericitization, and sulfidization. The Co/Ni ratio in ores is 1:2. Zaikov and others, 1981; Borisenko and others, 1984. Russia M 46 50 Teht 48 40 41N 48.6780555555556 90 24 38 E 90.4105555555556 Co Bi, Au Ni-Co arsenide vein Medium Average grade of 0.45% Co. Resources of 3,650 tonnes Co, 4,560.0 tonnes Bi, 1,880 kg Au. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of 2 deposits located 1700 m apart and hosted by siltstone and sandstone of the Middle Devonian Khatuu gol Formation. Deposit in the first area consists of deluvial rubbles of a size up to 0.5 m, consisting of brecciated sandstone with distributed sulfides. The other area consists of 5-6 closely spaced, intensely brecciated zones 15-25 m apart. The zones host 5.0-15.0 m wide and 50.0-150 m long, intensively sulfide alteration, sheet-and lens-shaped sandstone beds. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, native bismuth, cobaltite and tetrahedrite. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 46 51 Khyargas 49 19 00N 49.3166666666667 93 52 00 E 93.8666666666667 Au, Ag, Cu Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 0.01-0.09% Zn+Cu, 0.2 g/t Au, 1.0 g/t Ag. Lake Consists of a sublatitudinal-trending listvenite zone in serpentinite. The zone ranges from 50 m to 100 m wide and ranges up to 500 m long and occurs in a melange zone. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, malachite and Fe oxides. Abundant deposit minerals occur in the NW part in an area up to 16.0 m thick and in the NW part in an area up to 8.0 m thick. Channel samples grade up to 1.6% Cu, up to 3.0 g/t Au (in 1 sample 6.0 g/t ), up to 20.0 g/t Ag, up to 0.3% Ni and up to 0.6% As. To the SW, the zone is surrounded by small outcrops of amphibole-garnet skarn with hematite and malachite. The skarn contains 0.01-0.09% Zn and Cu, 0.2 g/t Au and 1.0 g/t Ag. B.A. Samozvantsev and others, written commun.,1982. Mongolia M 46 51 Sharbuureg 48 37 10N 48.6194444444444 90 28 25 E 90.4736111111111 Ag, Sb Cu Ag-Sb vein Unknown Grade of 120-2,300 g/t Ag, 1.0% Sb. Resources of 52.3 tonnes Ag. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of 10 NE-and sublongitudinally-trending veins, veinlet zones and breccia zones with siderite-sulfosalt deposition. The occurrence is along the Khovd regional fault, in clastic rock of the Middle Devonian Khatuu gol Formation. The dip of these ranges from 30-35 o to 85-90ø. Deposit minerals are Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, malachite and azurite. Nearby are three Ag -showings similar to the Sharbuureg occurrence. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 46 52 Khatuugiin gol 48 39 00N 48.65 90 09 00 E 90.15 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Unknown Average grade of 1.0% Cu. Deluun-Sagsai Consists of sulfides in lenses and horizons in a zone that extends for 25 km in black shale of the Middle to Late Devonian Khatuu gol Formation along the eastern branch of the Khatuugiin gol River. Sulfides are pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite in disseminations, small nests, and stringers. A unit of carbonaceous siltstone and sandstone with disseminated chalcopyrite extends 12 km from the Tsagaan gol River to the Asysan gol River. The unit varies from 1.0 m to 7.0 m thick, and contains up to 1.0% Cu, 0.1% As, 0.3% Sb, and 0.1% Ba. Quartz-biotite-chlorite veins with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite occur in carbonaceous shale, and contain up to 2.88% Cu, 0.07% Zn, up to 30.0 g/t Ag, and 0.01 g/t . Au. Demin and others, 1990; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 53 Tolbo nuur 48 35 10N 48.5861111111111 90 15 30 E 90.2583333333333 Ag, Sb Cu, Pb, Zn, Au Ag-Sb vein Medium Grade of 16.3-254.4 g/t Ag, 0.04-0.33% Sb, 0.01-0.87% Cu, 0.01-1.27% Pb, 0.01-0.39% Zn, 0.5 g/t Au. Resources of 756 tonnes Ag, 6,223 tonnes Sb, 5,344 tonnes Cu, 7,716 tonnes Pb, 3,582 tonnes Zn. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of Ag-sulfides related to quartz-siderite, siderite veins, veinlets, zones and breccia cemented by siderite. Occurrs along the Tolbo nuur regional fault zone in Middle Devonian Khatuu gol Formation clasticous rock intruded by Mesozoic diabase dikes of the Chui Complex. The veins are 0.2-1.0 m thick, the veinlets and breccia zones are 1.55-4.0 m wide. They are 2.0-2.5 km long at the surface. Veins and zones trend NE and dip 65-85ø NW. Host clastic rock is argillite-altered. The width of altered zones ranges from 0.1-0.2 m to 2.0-4.0 m. Deposit minerals are Ag tetrahedrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and oxide minerals are anglesite, malachite, azurite, limonite and Mn oxides. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 46 54 Tolbo 48 24 00N 48.4 90 19 00 E 90.3166666666667 Cu Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Grade of 0.03-0.7% Cu. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of Cu minerals along the contact of the Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician Uulyn Altai Seri and Early to Middle Devonian Otogiin volcanic and clastic units. The contact is a fault in NE part and unconformity stratigraphic contact in the southern part. The latter is cut by tectonic zone following foliation and quartz-carbonate (siderite) veinlets. Deposit occurs along a stratigraphic contact, in Early to Middle Devonian silica- and argillite-altered conglomerate and sandstone. Fe-oxides, malachite and azurite coatings and leached residual sulphides are intensive developed in an area ranging 50 m by 50 m. By spectral analysis in channel samples taken of the area, are defined: Cu-0.03-0.2%, As-0.03-0.7%, Sb-0.01-0.3%, Zn-0.02-0.2% and Bi-0.1% and in drill core samples -Cu-0.001-0.7%. More high grade (0.1-0.7%) Cu occurs in aninterval from 4.0 m to 24.0 m of drill core in brecciated quartz sandstone cut by quartz-carbonate veinlets. In intensive sulphidized rock chip samples taken from trenches, are defined: Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Bi and As-1% and more and Ag-100.0 g/t and more. Sandstone is white coloured, pyrite-altered and contains thin quartz stringers with Fe-oxides and malachite. In channel samples are defined: Cu and Zn-up to 0.015% and Mo-0.0015%. Sub-longitudinal-trending small mountain range located between above mentioned 2 parts, consists of sandstone and shale. There are 11 zones of quartz and quartz-carbonate veinlets with pyrite, chalcopyrite and malachite. The width of the zones varies from 5.0 m to 50 m and their length ranges up to 200 m. There also are small ancient pits ranging 10 m by 2.0-3.0 m. In rock chip samples taken from the pits are defined: Cu-0.01-1.0% and more, Zn-up to 0.02%, Bi-up to 0.1%, Ag-up to 100.0 g/t and Au-up to 0.6 g/t. Borisenko and others, 1992; Podkolzin and others, 1990; Demin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 55 Khukh-Adar 48 18 00N 48.3 90 22 00 E 90.3666666666667 Cu, Zn, Pb Ag, Au Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Unknown Grade of 0.1-15% Cu, 0,2-6.9% Zn, 0.8% Pb. Resources of 405,000 tonnes Pb, 202,500 tonnes Zn, 1,878,000 tonnes Cu. Uzuurtolgoi Consists of sulfide-bearing zones in Cambrian slate, sandstone and siltstone that are intruded by a diabase dike. Wallrock is hydrothermally-altered to silica, sericite and limonite. Zones contain quartz-sulfide veins that range up up to 7.5 km long and several hundred m wide. Deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, arsenopyrite and oxides. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite and chlorite. The diabase varies from 1.0-2.0 m wide and 1300 m long and occurs in the southern part of deposit with argillite and limonite alterations hosted in carbonaceous siltstone and calcareous sandstone. The zone is 7500 m long and 50-420 m wide. The NE part or zone No 1 strikes NW, dips NE, is 1300 long m, and 70-140 m wide. Deposit minerals are malachite and azurite. The Central part or NW part is cut by sublongitudinal fault and contains disseminations and nests of pyrite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, malachite, covellite and Fe oxides. The Southern sublatitudinal part of zone No 3 consists of two sulfide areas that are1000 m long, 50.0-80 m wide and dip N. Orgil and others, 1985 ; Syezd and others, 1987; Demin and others, 1990; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 46 56 Baruun Tserd 50 25 00 N 50.4166666666667 91 43 00 E 91.7166666666667 Gypsum Evaporate sedimentary gypsum Large Reserves of 1.5 million tonnes, grading 72.8-85.1% CaSO4. Unassigned Consists of gypsum, anhydrite, and carbonate that occur in Middle-Late Devonian terrigensous and carbonate rock in a volcanic and sedimentary basin. The gypsum stratum is exposed for 1050 m and has a maximum thickness of 17 m. Gypsum is fibrous, with medium and fine-grained textures. Open-pit operations produced 19.8 thousand tonnes per year between 1975 and 1990. Ganbaatar, 1999, Dorjnamjaa and others, 1977; Dimo and others, 1978; Turischev, 1945; P. Shaandar and others, 1992. D. Maam and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 46 58 Khargait 2 49 27 00N 49.45 91 36 00 E 91.6 Cu Au, Ag, Pb Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Average grade of 1.5% Cu, from 1.0 to 4,312.0 g/t Ag, up to 2.0 g/t Au. Uuregnuur Consists of sulfides along a thrust fault that cut silica-altered and Mn-altered Late Devonian granite and Jurassic sedimentary rock. The zone is 20 m wide. Grab samples contain 0.4-5.96% Cu (average 1.5%) and 1.0 to 4312.0 g/t Ag and 2.0 g/t Au. Jamyandorj and others, 1977; Tseveennamjil and others, 1981; Shubin and others, 1985; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 46 59 Tsagaangol 48 40 42N 48.6783333333333 90 11 35 E 90.1930555555556 Co Au, Ag, Cu Ni-Co arsenide vein Unknown Grade of 0.003-0.8% Co, 1.5 g/t Au, 1.0-15.0 g/t Ag, 0.03-0.4% Cu. Kurai-Tolbo Nuur Consists of chalcopyrite, cobaltite, gold and Bi minerals hosted by sandstone and siltstone of the Middle Devonian Khatuu gol Formation. Zones of silica and sulfide alteration are steeply (70-90ø) dipping, NW-trending and 15.0-30 m wide. They are distributed in area 5.0-6.0 km wide. Main deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Deposit minerals are more concentrated in the central part of deposit, up to 40-50%, surrounded by intensive sulfide stringers and disseminations and sulfide-poor disseminations occurs in marginal parts. Deposit include several sulfide alteration bodies with thickness 5.0-30 m and length 50.0-200 m. A.V. Bobrovskii and others, written commun., 1991. Mongolia M 46 6 Terligkhaiskoye 51 30 00N 51.5 93 06 00E 93.1 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg Medium Average grade of 0.2% Hg. Reserves of 1,650 tonnes. Terligkhaisk Consists of steeply-dipping lenses in a Early and Middle Devonian volcanic and sedimentary sequence that occur in en-echelon fracture zones connected with faults that bound the Kyzil-Khasch graben. Six Hg occurrences are in the Kyzil-Khasch graben and one economic deposit has been mined in an open-pit. Deposit extends along strike for 1 km and is 200 m thick. Ten lenses occur to 300 m depth. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations, streaks, disseminations, breccia and rare masses. Main deposit minerals are cinnabar and pyrite and accessory chalcopyrite and fahlore. Gangue minerals are quartz, dickite, barite, chlorite, sericite and chalcedony. Deposit is partly mined out. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia M 46 7 Uzun-Oy 51 17 00N 51.2833333333333 93 45 00E 93.75 Co, Cu Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Not available. Khovuaksinsk Consists of Cu-Co sulfoarsenide veins hosted in Silurian clastic and carbonate and Early Devonian volcanic rock that is intruded by mafic and intermediate dikes. Deposits occur along fractured zones and dike contacts. Deposit veins are typically lenticular, are associated with carbonate and kaolinizate alteration and contain deposit minerals in streaks and disseminations. Individual lenses are 30 to 160 m long and range from 5 cm to 1.7 m in thick. Deposit minerals are tennantite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, marcasite, bornite, gersdorfite and native Bi. Lebedev, 1967, 1971; Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia M 46 8 Hovu-Aksinskoye 51 09 00N 51.15 93 43 00E 93.7166666666667 Co, Ni Ag, Bi Ni-Co arsenide vein Medium Not available. Khovuaksinsk Consists of carbonate veins with As-Ni-Co minerals. The host rock is metasomatically altered and consist of Silurian limestone, Carbonaceous sandstone and siltstone, and Early Devonian porphyry and tuffaceous conglomerate that are intruded by Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous gabbro and syenite plutons. The host rock is replaced by pyroxene-garnet, garnet-pyroxene-scapolite, and pyroxene-scapolite skarn. During alkaline metasomatism, skarn as transformed into prenite-orthoclase-albite rock. The As-Ni-Co deposits are displaced from skarn by diabase dikes and plagioclase porphyry intrusions and by younger faults. Deposit veins range from tens of m to 1 to 2 km long, are 30 to 40 cm thick, and extend to a depth of 300 m. Locally, 5 to 6 veins form bunches. The veins consist of Co, Ni, and Fe-arsenides along with calcite and dolomite, and rare ankerite, barite, and quartz. Ore minerals are smaltite-chloantite, skutterudite, safflorite, rammelsbergite, gersdorfite, lollingite, native Bi, As, tennantite, chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and argentite, and minor native silver. Wallrock is altered to the following types of metasomatite: talc and chlorite; quartz, hydromica and kaolinite; chlorite and calcite; and quartz and dolomite. Deposit age is interpreted as late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic. Smirnov, 1978; Borisenko and others, 1984; Lebedev andCherezov, 1989; Lebedev, 1998. Russia M 46 9 Aryskanskoye 2 50 18 00 N 50.3 95 16 E 95.2666666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Average grade of 39% Fe. Mugursk Consists of bed-like ore deposits of ferrous quartzite hosted in Precambrian metamorphic rocks. Productive ore horizon constructed by micaceous quartzite, biotite shist, amphibolite, marble, ferrous quartzite, graphitic shist. Ore beds are 8-10 m thick. They are dislocated in series of small folds. Ore - bearing zone was discovered more than 3 km along the strike, from 30 to 300 m wide and is prospected to depth up to 200 m. Ores are: quartz-magnetite, quartz-amphibole-magnetite, quartz-magnetite-hematite and hematite. Quartz-magnetite ores prevail. Grade of Fe changes in ores from 19 to 65%, sulfur - 0,11%, phosphorus - 0,40%. Golubev, 1959; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia M 47 1 Boksonskoye 51 59 N 51.9833333333333 100 08 E 100.133333333333 Al Cr Sedimentary bauxite Large Average grade of 40% Al203, about 1% Cr203. Bokson-Kitoiskiy Consists of bauxite layers that occur over different dolomites (spotty, reef-generating, algae, banded, pink and red) in part of the thick Bokson suite in Archean and Proterozoic metamorphic and mafic igneous rock. Thickness of the bauxite beds average 5 m, locally up to 30 m. Bauxite occurs in contain dense, banded, thin-banded, and breccia varieties, locally as a sandy bauxites. The deposit contains 35 minerals and the primary minerals are bemite, kaolinite and dikkite, leptochlorite, and gallauzite, and rare dafite, montmorillonite, pyrophyllite, Fe oxides and hydroxide. Secondary minerals are sericite, muscovite, talc, serpentine, zeolite, hydrargillite, diaspore, chlorite, crysotile, quartz, calcite, and gypsum. The ore minerals are hematite, goethite, pyrite, magnetite. Terrigenous minerals are tourmaline, olivine, feldspar, quartz, rutile, leucoxene, and alunite. Varities of mineral assemblages are red-brown diaspore-hematite, gray-green diaspore chlorite, and intermediate diaspore-chlorite-hematite. The bauxite formed from coastal marine and lagoon sediments. The age of the deposit 540-600 Ma. Il'ina, 1958; Orlova, 1958. Russia M 47 10 Berhem uul 50 22 00 N 50.3666666666667 100 06 00 E 100.1 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Average grade of 12.55% P2O5. Reserves of 17.77 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of silicic-carbonate phosphorites and occurs in the downside of the Hubsugul series. The thickness of the bench is 211 m. The silicic-carbonate phosphorites are represented with aphanite, granular, banded and breccian petrographic types. The largest phosphorite bed, up to 16.2 m thick, contains in average 12.55% of P2O5. Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 47 11 Khargana gol 50 20 00N 50.3333333333333 100 00 00E 100 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Medium Reserves of 75,320 tonnes, grading 56-58% f.c.. Unassigned Consists of graphite (up to 98%), microline, biotite, and orthoclase that occur in skarn. The graphite body forms thin veins, lenses, nodules, and sheets in limestone. Length is 1000 m. Graphite thickness varies from 0.1-1 m thick with a content of 56-58% carbon and ash content of 15-40%. Deposit age is interpreted as Proterozoic. N.I. Yakhantov, written commun., 1931, Marinov and others, 1977; Shaandar and others, 1992, Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 47 12 Manhan uul 50 17 00N 50.2833333333333 100 08 00E 100.133333333333 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 14.8-15.7% P2O5. Resources of 88.0 million tonnes. Hovsgol The phosphorite-bearing bench, up to 770 m thick, occurs in the edges of synclinal folds and consists of clastic and carbonate formations of the Hubsugul series. The thickness of the phosphorite beds reach 16.3 m and the length is 9 km. The phosphorite consist of aphanite, granular and breccian types. Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 47 13 Duchin gol 50 22 00N 50.3666666666667 99 37 00 E 99.6166666666667 Al Ga Magmatic nepheline Medium Resources of 58.3 million tonnes Al2O3 grading 28.8% Al2O3. Bugseingol-Ovormaraat Hosted in Early Devonian nepheline-bearing igneous rock, including urtite, rare ijolite-urtite, and subalkaline trachyte gabbro and theralite. The igneous rock forms two stocks with a surface area of 0.9 by 0.6 and 0.6 by 0.3 km. The predominant urite consist of nepheline (60-90%) and Ti-augite (10-40%) and accessory hornblende, diopside, sphene, apatite, and magnetite. Host rock is Precambrian marble and limestone. Igneous rock grades from 24.20 to 30.45% Al2O3 and 12.63 to 16.48% total alkalies. Deposit is suitable for smelting without preliminary enrichment. Yashina, 1975; Yakovlev and Il'in, 1977, Andreeva and others, 1990. Mongolia M 47 14 Beltesin gol 50 27 00 N 50.45 99 21 00 E 99.35 Al Ga Magmatic nepheline Large Reserves of 223 million tonnes grading 19-23% Al2O3. Grade ranges from 22.43-29.25% Al2O3. Bugseingol-Ovormaraat Consists of Al-bearing pluton composed of urtite, urtite-ijolite, teralite and subalkaline gabbro of early Devonian age. Host rocks are Precambrian marls and limestones with graphite and silicified marbles. Nepheline bearing rocks are mainly coarse-grained or pegmatoid. Some rocks contain up to 95% of nepheline. Yashina, 1975, 1977; Andreeva and others, 1990. Mongolia M 47 15 Uvurmaraat (Ujigin gol) 50 16 00N 50.2666666666667 99 43 00 E 99.7166666666667 Al Ga Magmatic nepheline Small Grade of 26.2-29.06% Al2O3. Bugseingol-Ovormaraat Consists of Al-bearing rock, mainly foyaite-juvite and rare urtite of Early Devonian age (400-396 Ma) the Overmarat pluton (about 30 sq.km.) that intrudes Precambrian marble and lower Paleozoic granodiorite. Pluton is confined to intersection of the Overmarat and Ujigin gol faults. Alumina content varies from 26.27 to 29.06%, alkali content from 15.86 to 16.55%. MSi 3.19 to 1.66, MCa 0.03-0.05, MR2O 0.38-0.65 Yashina, 1975, 1977. Mongolia M 47 16 Dalan 49 59 00N 49.9833333333333 100 04 00E 100.066666666667 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 21.7-27.3 P2O5. Resources of 19.4 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of phosphorite located in the south of the Hubsugul basin. The phosphorite-bearing bench, up to 15 to 23 m thick, consists of silicic-carbonate sediment with 3 phosphorite beds with a length of 3 km and a thickness of 11.3m. Yu. A. Borzakovsky and E. A. Suprunov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 47 17 Suultolgoi 49 58 00N 49.9666666666667 100 03 00E 100.05 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 15.0-18.0% P2O5. Production of 8.2 tonnes. Resources of 16 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of phosphorite associated with silicic-carbonate sediment and occurring in the downside of the Hubsugul series. Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 47 18 Altanboom 50 20 00 N 50.3333333333333 98 30 00 E 98.5 Ta Sr, Mo Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Medium Grade of 0.01-0.05% Ta2O5, 0.0002-0.03% Nb2O5, 0.0001-0.03% REE, 0.002-0.289% Mo. Resources of 1,700 tonnes Ta205, 1,610 tonnes Nb2O5, 1,100 tonnes Mo. Bugseingol-Ovotmaraat Hosted in a late Paleozoic leucocratic muscovite granite stock (with surface dimensions of 200-290 by 250-350 m) and in several granite dikes altered to greisen and silica. That contains Ta minerals. The greisen superposed on Mo minerals. The Ta minerals are tantalite and microlite that occur in very fine disseminations and range up to tenths of mm. Cassiterite forms grains that range from 0.02-0.03 mm. Mo minerals are powellite, molybdenite, and wulfenite. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 47 19 Burenhan 49 48 00N 49.8 99 57 00 E 99.95 P Sedimentary phosphate Large Average grade of 23.1% P2O5, 1.5% F. Production of 205.57 million tonnes. Resources of 113.2 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of 21 areas of phosphorite resources located in the south of the Hubsugul basin and occurring in the lower part of the Hubsugul series. The phosphorite-bearing bench, up to about 200 m thick, consists of alternating dolomites, limestones, silicastones and phosphorites. There are up to 1 to 4 phosphorite beds in this bench and the length of them ranges from 530 to 2090 m. These beds are studied down to a depth of 200 to 500 m. The thickness of the beds ranges from 30 to 250 m. The content of insoluble remnant is 27.7%. The phosphorites are represented by silicic-carbonate and carbonate-silicium types and have banded, aphanite, granular and clastic textures. Byamba, 1996; Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A. Suprunov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 47 2 Uhagol 51 42 00N 51.7 100 02 00E 100.033333333333 P Sedimentary phosphate Medium Average grade of 22% g/t P2O5. Resources of 150 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of phosphorite-bearing horizon having a thickness of 30 m and length of 14 km. Four phosphorite beds range from 3.7 to 7 m in thickness. Deposit occurs in northmost part of the Hubsugul basin and occurs in a narrow longitudinal sycline. The phosphorite-bearing beds overlay Vendian level of the Hubsugul series. The phosphorite consist ofsilicic and silicic-carbonate types. They alternate with black carbon shale, dolomite and breccia. The content of the insoluble remain is 7.6-19.9%. I'lin, 1973, Y.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 47 20 Hitagiin gol 49 49 00N 49.8166666666667 99 50 00 E 99.8333333333333 V Sedimentary Fe-V Large Resources of 11,039 million tonnes V2O5. Grades range from 0.05-0.235% V, up to 0.05% Mo, 0.002-0.034% Cu, and up 1.0% Pb, and 0.2-1.0% Ba. Hovsgol Occurs in Early Cambrian carbonate and clastic units in the Horidol Formation of the Hovsgol Group. Three horizons with V minerals occur, two hosted in siliceous carbonaceous slate and one in chert. The host rock is intercalated carbonaceous slate, siltstone, chert, limestone, and quartzite. Deposit occurs in northern, central, and southern parts that range from 600 to 2700 m long and from 20 110 m thick. S. Tseveennamjil and others, written commun., 1983. Mongolia M 47 21 Khanjargalant Uul 49 43 00N 49.7166666666667 100 03 00E 100.05 Cu Sn, Zn, Fe Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.02-1.0% Cu, 0.01-0.03% Sn, 0.02%-1.0% Zn. Telmen Consists of garnet-pyroxene-magnetite skarn in Early Cambrian limestone, Early to Middle Cambrian sedimentary rock, and Middle to Late Cambrian granitoids of the Selenge Complex. Skarn occurs in lenses and ranges from 15.0-20 m long and 3.0-10 m wide. Ore minerals are magnetite and malachite. Channel sample analysiss yield: Cu from 0.02-0.2% to 0.5-1.0%; Sn from 0.01-0.03% (rare 0.04-0.05%); and Zn from 0.02% to 1.0%. D. Chuluunbat and others, written commun.,1977. Mongolia M 47 22 Manganese 49 41 00N 49.6833333333333 99 59 00 E 99.9833333333333 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Unknown Grade of 5.0-10.0% Mn. H ovsgol Consists of Mn-bearing siliceous siltstone and sandstone horizon developed in Early to Middle Cambrian Uhaagol Formation of the Khovsgol Group. Exposed thickness of the horizon ranges from 50 m up to 200 m and the exposed length is 2600 m. Horizon has complex internal structure consisting of 5 Mn-bearing beds with a thickness of 1.5-10 m. Tseveennamjil and others, 1983. Mongolia M 47 23 Tsagaan Tolgoi 49 41 00N 49.6833333333333 99 40 00 E 99.6666666666667 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of veins in greisen and greisen-altered Early and Middle Devonian leucocratic medium-grained granite pluton. Deposit occurs in greisens and greisen granite, that form body of 200 m in diameter. It has zonal structure: core conisits of milky quartz and peripheral part of greisen. Molybdenite occurs in fine regularly distributed disseminations and nests(1-2 cm). Wolframite crystals are rare. Body becomes complicated with depth (to 100-200 m) Khasin, 1977. Mongolia M 47 24 Khoo Ulaan Uul 48 54 00N 48.9 101 55 00E 101.916666666667 Cu Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Grade of 0.12-0.25% Cu, 0.005-0.2% WO3, -0.005-0.05% Mo. Orhon-Selenge Consists of disseminated Cu minerals in intensively altered subvolcanic syenite porphyry intruding Permian siliceous volcanic rock. Silicifica and argillite alteration occur along a NW-trending fault zone. Samples contains: Cu up to 0.12-0.25%, rare WO3 0.005-0.2%, Mo-0.005-0.05% and Sn-up to 0.01%. Two rock chip samples contains 0.1 g/t Au and 2.3-6.6 g/t Ag. Soil sampling reveals anomaly aureoles of Ba (0.03-0.09%), Cu (0.005-0.009%) and Mo (0.004-0.008%). B. Gurlkhaajav and others, 1974, H. Gonchigjav and others, written commun., 1984. Mongolia M 47 25 Kuskunug 50 38 00N 50.6333333333333 96 24 00E 96.4 Chrysotile-asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Medium Grade of 2.6-6.5% fibrous asbestos. Unassigned Consists of chrysotile and asbestos in the Kuskunug ultramafic massif of 5 x 0.3-0.6 sq.km. in area. The massif consists of apoharzburgite serpentinite. Deposit measures 685 x 95-150 m2. Asbestos occurs in nets and individual veins. Talc-carbonate metasomatite is associated with asbestos. Tatarinov and Eremeev, 1967; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia M 47 26 Agashskoye 50 11 00 N 50.1833333333333 97 40 00 E 97.6666666666667 Ta, Nb, REE Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Medium Not available. Ulug-Tanzek Represented by alkaline metasomatites replacing the rocks of the Agashsk massif. The latter is composed of alkali quartz- and nepheline syenites. During metasomatosis syenites were replaced by biotite-aegirine microclinites with subsequent silicification.The three varieties of metasomatites are distinguished: aegirine-biotite-microclinites with quartz, albitized amphibole-biotite-microclinite with quartz, and biotite-riebeckite albitite with quartz. The major ore minerals are fergusonite and zircon (malacon). The total area occupied by ore-bearing metasomatites is 2.5x0.8 km2 . The deposit was not explored. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 27 Bayan-Kol 50 30 15 N 50.5041666666667 96 41 00E 96.6833333333333 Al Magmatic nepheline Large Average grade of 26.5% Al2O3. Bayan-Kol Hosted mainly in nepheline-bearing igneous rock (ijolite-urtite to juvite) of the Silurian and Devonian Bayan-Kol alkaline pluton. The pluton is conformable with folded Proterozoic marble and is highly eroded. Nepheline content varies from 65 to 84%. Associated minerals are microcline, pertite, Na-hedenbergite, titanomagnetite, calcite, apatite, and sphene. Al2O3 content in the most abundant juvite ranges up to 26.5 %. The host rocks extend more than 5 km and vary from 150 to 200 m to 1 km wide. The deposit is Fe poor (<3 % Fe2O3) and high-alkaline (13 to 18% K2O+Na2O). Kononova, 1961, 1962; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988; Dancig and others, 1988. Russia M 47 28 Kharlinskoye 50 32 15 N 50.5375 96 35 00E 96.5833333333333 Al Magmatic nepheline Large Resources of 1 000,000,000 tonnes. Grading 17-23% Al2O3. Bayan-Kol Consists of nepheline rock in the Kharlinsk alkaline massif of Silurian and Devonian age in marble of Proterozoic age. Ijolite, ijolite-urtite, and malignite occur in the exocontact zone of the massif. The zone has a half-ring shape, is 200-800 m wide, and extends up to 4000 m long. Nepheline content of these rock vary from 25 to 60%. Other rock-forming minerals are pyroxene (25-40%), amphibole, feldspar, and calcite. Juvite occurs in internal boundary of ijolitic half-ring in the central part of the massif. Nepheline content of juvite varies from 45 to 80%. Alkaline calciphyre occuring in exocontact zone of the massif, is also prospective, and contains 45-80% nepheline. Aluminia content in nepheline rock of the deposit ranges from 17 to 23%. Yashina, 1957; Kononova, 1961. Russia M 47 29 Verkhne-Kundusskoye 50 14 00N 50.2333333333333 97 13 00E 97.2166666666667 Ta, Nb, REE Zr, Hf Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Medium Not available. Ulug-Tanzek Consists of a lens of metasomatite of 1300 m long and 200 m thick occurred in granodiorite of the Kundus-Balyktygkhem massif in the fault zone of sublatitudinal strike. Mylonitized granodiorite is metasomatically replaced by zonal metasomatite. In the direction from periphery to the center of the deposit microcline-quartz metasomatite followed by albite-microcline-quartz with biotite metasomatite, that, in turn, followed by monomineral quartz metasomatite. Fluorite and calcite are widespread minerals in metasomatite. Rare-metal minerals are monazite, xenotime, bastnaesite, parisite, zircon (malacon), pyrochlore, priorite. The high-grade parts of the deposit occur in the quartz core. Deposit minerals are disseminated. Deposit extends to 745 m depth. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 3 Uliin davaa 51 11 00N 51.1833333333333 100 09 00E 100.15 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Average grade of 21% P2O5. Resources of 19.5 million tonnes. Hovsgol The phosphorite-bearing bench, up to 20 to 30 m thick, occurs in the downside of the Hubsugul series with a length of 9-10 km. The bench consists of dolomite, siliciums and black shale. Three phosphorite beds in this bench have thickness ranging from 2 to 7 m. The phosphorite generally contains carbonate and is granular. The insoluble content is 22.3%. I'lin, 1973; Byamba, 1996, Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 47 30 Dahu-Nurskoye 50 22 00N 50.3666666666667 96 46 00E 96.7666666666667 Al Magmatic nepheline Large Grade of 24-30% Al2O3. Resources of 60,000,000 tonnes Al2O3. Bayan-Kol Consists of nepheline-containing rocks of the Dahu-Nur alkaline massif (S-D). The massif occures in Proterozoic terrigeneous and carbonate rock. Nepheline-bearing rocks are urtites, ijolite-urtites, ijolites, and calcite-nepheline metasomatites. The rocks consist of nepheline, pyroxene, secondary hornblende, and calcite. Nepheline content in rocks varies from 65 to 90 %, Al2O3 24-30 %, Na2O+K2O 10-18 %. Aluminiferous rocks occur at the area of more than 1.5 km2. Potential reserves are 50-70 Mt Al2O3 up to 100 m depth. Yashina, Kononova, 1960; Dergachev, 1973; Dergachev, Shibanov, 1974. Russia M 47 31 Shukbulskoye 50 24 00N 50.4 96 37 00E 96.6166666666667 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tastyg Consists of spodumene pegmatite veins intersecting Mesoproterozoic sandstone with limestone interbeds. In total ten subparallel veins occur. They dip at angle 60-70 eastward. The length of the largest vein No. 1 is 800 m, thickness is 10 m. Pegmatite are refered to the Na-Li type. Apart from spodumene, veins contain pollucite, lepidolite and Cr-tourmaline. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 32 Toskulskoye 50 19 00N 50.3166666666667 96 42 00E 96.7 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Average grade of 22.5% Al2O3, 14% Na2O+K2O. Bayan-Kol Consists of leucocratic nepheline syenite in the Toskul alkaline intrusive of the fissure type hosted in the Proterozoic clastic-carbonate series. Aluminiferous rock of the massif occupy the area about 4 sq.km. The total amount of nepheline and feldspar in syenite is no less than 85%. The content of the main minerals varies as follows (wt.%): nepheline 15-47 (21 on the average), melanocratic minerals (alkaline hornblende and biotite)-10-13. Yashina, 1957; Yashina and Kononova, 1960. Russia M 47 33 Zost tolgoi 48 43 00N 48.7166666666667 101 25 00E 101.416666666667 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Up to 0.15% Cu, from 0.07%-0.2% W, up to 2.0 g/t Ag. Orhon-Selenge Hosted in E and SE endo-and exocontact of Permian granite massif consisting of granite and syenite porphyry. The intrusive massif intrudes Permian tuff and volcanic rock formation of the Khanui Seri. There is eruption breccia body in eastern part and Jurassic small granite body in NE margin of the occurrence. Host rock of the occurrence are intensely altered to silica, kaolinite, epidote and sericite. In some areas, are limonite-altered silica bodies with rare malachite. From geochemical sampling are anomaly aureoles of Cu (0.007-0.03%), Mo (0.002%). Cu anomaly occupies an area ranging 1.8 km by 0.5 km and Mo anomaly occupies several areas ranging up to 100 m by 100 m. Strongly pyrite-altered (5-20%) zones are cut by trenches and sampled channely. In channel samples the grade of Cu is 0.01-0.02%, Sn-0.001-0.005%. Grade of Cu and Mo in core samples is same to that on surface. H. Gonchigjav and others, written commun., 1984. Mongolia M 47 34 Minjuurt tolgoi 49 31 00N 49.5166666666667 99 01 00 E 99.0166666666667 Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.1-1.61% Cu. Telmen Consists of skarn hosted by schist, metasandstone and limestone of the Late Rephean Darkhad series, Middle to Late Cambrian Telmen Complex granitoids and Devonian granite. Skarns occur in area 650 m by 5-20 m. In the NW part of the zone, there is a tabular skarn body with a length of 278 m and in SE part skarn lenses have length of 12 m to 52 m and are 5 m to 65 m apart. Skarn consists of garnet and epidote. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite occurring as disseminatons and stringers and malachite and azurite as coatings. H. Batchuluun and others, written commun., 1975. Mongolia M 47 35 Pichi-Kholskoye 50 20 00N 50.3333333333333 96 34 00E 96.5666666666667 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Grade of 22-25% Al2O3; 10-15% (Na2O+K2O). Bayan-Kol Consists of leucocratic nepheline syenite and pegmatite derivatives in the Piche-Khol alkaline intrusive of the fissure type hosted in the Proterozoic clastic-carbonate series. Aluminiferous rock of the massif occupy the area of 1.7 sq.km. Postmagmatic albite alteration is strongly developed in the massif. Nepheline content ranges up to 25%, that of feldspar-up to 66%. Yashina, 1957; Yashina and Kononova, 1960; Dergachev, 1973. Russia M 47 36 Tsagaan-Uul 49 35 34N 49.5927777777778 98 43 12 E 98.72 Zn,Pb Au, Ag Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Unknown Grade of 0.1-1.0% Pb, 0.1-1.0% Zn. Hugiingol Consists of disseminated sulfides layered zones that are interbedded with Proterozoic metamorphic rock including dark schist and marble. Zones range up to 950 m long and several tens of m wide. Deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena and pyrrhotite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 47 37 Ulug-Tanzek 50 23 30 N 50.3916666666667 96 11 30 E 96.1916666666667 Ta, Nb, REE Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Large Not available. Ulug-Tanzek Hosted in the Ulug-Tanzek pluton composed of main phase of subalkaline biotite granite, quartz syenite, granosyenite and alkaline granite and younger felsite and quartz porphyry with anomalous Li, F, Zr and REE. Quartz-albite-microcline metasomatite with uniform low-grade REE replaces mainly the main phase. The pluton forms an inclined lenticular body that is enclosed by marble that dips moderately the SW. The pluton is 1900 m long, ranges from 100 to 900 m wide and extends to a depth of 700 m with no sign of wedging out. Deposit consists of fine-and medium-grained quartz-albite-microcline metasomatite. The major rock-forming minerals are albite, microcline and quartz with minor mica and dark minerals. Aluminofluorides (cryolite, thomsenolite, gearksutite) form up to 10% the metasomatite with an average of 2 to 3%. Tantalum-niobate (columbite and lesser pyrochlore), zircon and thorite are widespread. Columbite and zircon are economically important. REE-minerals, including gagarinite, yttrofluorite, monazite, bastnaesite and xenotime are limited and less important. The hsot pluton is zoned. Relatively rich part of deposit occurs in columns, lenses and half-ring bodies in plan view and extends to a depth of several hundred m. Grechishchev and others, 1997. Russia M 47 38 Ulan-Erginskoye 50 06 00N 50.1 97 04 00E 97.0666666666667 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Average grade of 22.5% Al2O3. Bayan-Kol Consists of medium-and coarse-grained nepheline syenite in the Ulan-Erginsk alkaline intrusive of the fissure type (C) occured in Proterozoic marbles. Aluminiferous rock of the massif occupy the area of 4.2 sq.km.. Nepheline syenite have the banded structure determined by alternation of melanocratic and leucocratic varieties of the rock. Band's thickness varies from 0.5 to 4 m. Mineral composition is 27-55% nepheline, 25-55% feldspar and 6-25% melanocratic minerals. Yashina, 1957. Russia M 47 39 Korgere-Daba 50 03 00N 50.05 97 12 00E 97.2 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Average grade of 23.5% Al2O3. Bayan-Kol Consists of nepheline-bearing igneous rock in the Carboniferous Korgere-Daba alkaline pluton that intrudes Neoproterozoic marble. Thie pluton consists of hornblende-nepheline syenite and aegirine-arfvedsonite foyaite. The pluton extends over an area of 30 sq.km. Nepheline content varies from 15 to 32%,. Feldspar content varies from 51 to 64%. Yashina, 1965. Russia M 47 4 Hogorgo 51 26 00N 51.4333333333333 99 20 00 E 99.3333333333333 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 12-21% P2O5 Resources of 1.5 million tonnes P2O5. Hovsgol Consists of breccia and banded phosphorite alternating with beds of dolomite, limestone, and silica rock. The phosphorite-bearing horizon is up to 90 m thick and occurs in the lower part of the Hubsugul Series of Vendian to Middle Cambrian age. The deposit is 4 km long. The thickness of some phosphorite beds ranges from 3 to 12 m. The phosphorite occurs generally with carbonate. I'lin, 1973, Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 47 40 Kara-Adyr 50 12 00N 50.2 96 37 00E 96.6166666666667 Li Rb, Cs REE-Li pegmatite Medium Not available. Tastyg Consists of series of spodumene and muscovite-tourmaline-garnet pegmatite veins in Mesoproterozoic carbonaceous and clastic sedimentary rock. Total of 57 veins occur. Muscovite-tourmaline-garnet pegmatite veins occur along the exocontact zone of a Li granite massif whereas spodumene pegmatite occur at a greater distance from the massif. The veins are to 200 m long and 5-20 m thick. Veins are concordant with host limestone in the central part of the deposit. They strike NW to NS with a steep dip. Pegmatite consists of spodumene, albite, oligoclase, microcline, amazonite, quartz, muscovite, Ta-columbite, pyrochlore, cassiterite, garnet, apatite, beryl, zircon, fluorite, tourmaline, pyrite, and calcite. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 41 Chikskoye 50 09 00N 50.15 96 44 00E 96.7333333333333 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Grade of 24-31% Al2O3. Bayan-Kol Consists of nepheline-bearing rocks of the Chik alkaline massif (S-D), which is conformable with host folded marbles of the Proterozoic age. Nepheline-bearing rocks are developed at the area about 0.3 km2. The massif is slightly eroded. Therefore, nepheline-pyroxene and apatite-pyroxene calciphyres and autometasomatically altered ijolite-urtites and juvites are widespread. Nepheline-bearing rocks have a coarse-grained and pegmatoid structures. The rock-forming minerals are nepheline, pyroxene, secondary hornblende, and calcite. Nepheline content is 65-90 %, total alkali content is 10-18 %. Yashina, 1957; Yashina and Kononova, 1960; Dergachev, Shibanov, 1974. Russia M 47 42 Verkhne-Emigenskoye 49 53 30N 49.8916666666667 97 23 30 E 97.3916666666667 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tastyg Consists of 10 veins of spodumene pegmatite of which three are the most important. The vein lengths are 85, 65 and 160 m, respectively, the thickness varies from 4 to 8 m. The veins occur in Mesoproterozoic marble and alkaline biotite granite. Veins dip steeply northward at an angle 80ø. Pegmatite mineral composition is (in wt.%) albite-oligoclase-50-60, quartz-10-15, spodumene-20-40, microcline-1-2; accessory minerals are muscovite, sericite, chlorite, apatite, columbite, cassiterite, zircon, helvite, beryl. The veins have zonal structure. Spodumene is absent in the fine-grained zone of the granite structure at contacts and flanks of veins. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 43 Tastygskoye 49 53 00N 49.8833333333333 97 18 00E 97.3 Li, Ta, Nb, Be REE-Li pegmatite Medium Reserves of 450,000 tonnes Li. Tastyg Consists of a pegmatite veins field that contains thick veins that exhibit persistent lateral and vertical trends. The field is more than 1000 m long and varies from 180 m thick in the northern part to 375 m in the southern part. Pegmatite veins trend sublongitudinally and extend to a depth of 700 m. In the main district the veins extend to 500 m depth. The host rock consist of Mesoproterozoic marble. The most intense vein zone occurs in the crest of an anticline in the central part of the deposit. Genetically and spatially, the spodumene pegmatite is related to a Paleozoic porphyritic biotite alkaline granite. The length of individual veins is 250 to 300 m, thickness ranges from 5 to 10 to 100 m in swells. Veins dip at high angles. The main rock-forming minerals are albite, oligoclase, spodumene, quartz and microcline. Accessory minerals are biotite, muscovite, graphite, fluorite, calcite, garnet, tourmaline, cassiterite, cyrtolite, pyrite, galena, molybdenite, helvite, microlite and fergusonite. Some pegmatite bodies exhibit a zonal structure. Deposit is favourable for mining by open pit methods. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 44 Bayangol 1 50 04 00N 50.0666666666667 96 37 00E 96.6166666666667 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Buteeliin nuruu Consists of two spodumene pegmatite veins that are 100-200 m long and 10-20 m thick that cut Mesoproterozoic marble. The veins are composed of quartz, albite, spodumene, apatite, muscovite, beryl, columbite, pyrite, fergusonite, cassiterite, zircon, and lepidolite. Spodumene pegmatite occur for 400 m along strike. . Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 45 Burginskoye 49 58 00N 49.9666666666667 96 52 E 96.8666666666667 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tastyg Consists of two zones of spodumene containing pegmatite veins. Horizontal dimention between vein zones is 300m. Host rocks are biotite, bimika, bimika-garnete-staurolite cristalline shists intercalated with biotite and biotite-garnet quartzites. Mineral composition of pegmatite veins: oligoclase, albite, microcline, quartz, spodumene, muscovite, Li-muscovite, biotite, beryl, columbite, turmaline, topaz, apatite, cymatolite. Four veins of concordant bedding with shistosity of host rocks has been determined. The veins are 106-25 m long, 6-4 m thick, in swels up to 11m. The veins are of zonal structure and rich in spodumene at the central parts. Spodumene represented by large cristals up to 40x20x6 cm in size. Average contant of spodumene range from 20 to 60%. Cristalls of beril and laminas of columbite also occur. Spodumene in the central parts of pegmatite veins is in some places replaced by cymatolite (albite-muscovite agregate). Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 46 Pichi-Tastygskoye 49 52 00 N 49.8666666666667 9727 00E 97.1166666666667 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tastyg Consists of the three veined zones of spodumene pegmatite containing more than 20 veins. The North zone extends up to 120 m along strike, an average thickness of veins in it is 0.5-0.7 m. The Central zone is 220 m long whereas an average thickness of veins is 0.3-3.5 m. The SE zone is 200 m long and it contain 3 veins with a length varying from 7 to 200 m. Spodumene pegmatite veins occur in Mesoproterozoic graphitized limestone. Gangue minerals are albite-oligoclase, quartz, spodumene, microcline, muscovite, apatite, columbite, cassiterite, zircon. Extent of deposit is unknown. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 47 Seveligskoye 49 55 30 N 49.925 96 53 00E 96.8833333333333 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tastyg Consists of the large spodumene-pegmatite vein cutting Mesoproterozoic schist and plagiogneiss. The vein extends 370 m along the fault of NW (315ø) strike and has an averge thickness up to 20 m. The vein has an asymmetric zonal structure. Its footwall consists of fine-grained pegmatite of granite texture. Pegmatite mineral composition is oligoclase, microcline, quartz and muscovite. The central part of the vein contains irregular spodumene crystals up to 1 m long. Beryl occurs also. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 48 Khartynskoye 50 01 00N 50.0166666666667 96 14 15 E 96.2375 Li Rb, Cs REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tastyg Consists of three pegmatite lenses in middle Paleozoic marble. The lens thicknesses are 152, 80, and 40 m, respectively. Thickness varies from 6 to 30 m. Pegmatite bodies are zoned. In pegmatite bodies, a quartz-feldspar amazonite-rich zone with a coarse-grained structure occurs. Fluorite margins, up to 1-2 mm thick, occur at exocontacts of pegmatite bodies. Mineral composition of pegmatite is microcline, amazonite, plagioclase, quartz, spodumene, tourmaline, muscovite, biotite, fluorite, cassiterite, pyrite, pyrochlore, and fergusonite. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia M 47 49 Salbart group 48 37 00N 48.6166666666667 99 50 00 E 99.8333333333333 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Unknown Grade of 18.6-60.0% Fe. Tarvagatai Consists of magnetite lenses in Paleoproterozoic schist, gneiss and granite-gneiss. The lenses are 200-70 m by 7-10 m. V. Jamsranjav and others, written commun., 1984. Mongolia M 47 5 Khachim gol 51 07 00N 51.1166666666667 100 16 00E 100.266666666667 Fe Ti, V Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Resources of 10 million tonnes ore grading 41.57% Fe; 5.54% TiO2, 0.43% V. Khachim gol Consists of Ti-magnetite in a Middle Cambrian zoned gabbro and pyroxenite intrusion that is 5.5 m wide, and contains sulfide and oxides in lenses, masses, and disseminations in zones about 3.0 km long. Filippova and Vydrin, 1977. Mongolia M 47 50 Skarn 49 13 20N 49.2222222222222 97 42 24 E 97.7066666666667 Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.001%-0.02% Cu, 0.001%-0.006% Pb. Telmen Consists of Cu-bearing skarn at the contact of Vendian to Early Cambrian limestone with Devonian granite. Skarn occurs in area of approximately 9.0 sq. km. There are 3 skarn bodies located from 0.7 km to 2.0 km apart. The size of skarns is: 0.75 km by 1.0 km, 50 m by 200 m and 75.0 m by 250 m. Skarn consists of garnet and epidote. Visible Cu minerals occur in skarn body with dimensions of 0.75 km by 1.0 km. Main deposit mineral is malachite. Batchuluun and others, written commun., 1980. Mongolia M 47 51 Kharaat Uul 49 16 00N 49.2666666666667 96 43 30 E 96.725 Cu Zn Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.001-1.0% Cu. Telmen Consists of garnet and epidote-garnet skarn at the contact of Proterozoic granite with Paleoproterozoic marble. Skarn bodies vary from 10.0-20.0 sq.m. to 1500 sq.m. Cu minerals occur in two skarn bodies, in masses, breccia, disseminations, spots, and streaks. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, fahlore, pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite. Accessory minerals are sphalerite, rammelsbergite, safflorite, smaltite, chloantite, cobaltite, cubanite, niccolite, and skutterudite. Co-Ni arsenides are associated with with chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. Togtokh and others, 1979; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 47 52 Zos Uul 48 42 30N 48.7083333333333 98 20 30 E 98.3416666666667 Cu-Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Average grade of 0.2% Cu, 0.01% Mo. Resource of 100,000 tonnes Mo. Central Mongolia Consists of Late Permian and Early Triassic granitoids that intrude Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rock, Paleoproterozoic granite, Cambrian gabbro, granodiorite and granite and Early Devonian volcanic rock and Permian granosyenite and granite. The Late Permian and Early Triassic granitoids consist of a granodiorite and granite massif and porphyry in stocks and dikes. The porphyry stock and dikes and host rock is intensively altered to silica, sericite and pyrite. Quartz-sulfide vein and stockwork occur in altered rock. The size of the stockwork is 2.0 km by 2.2 km. Quartz-sulfide vein and veinlets are extensive in the western, eastern and southern margins of the granite porphyry stock. The quartz-sulfide vein and stockwork contain rare molybdenite, quartz-molybdenite and quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite stringers and disseminations. Also occurring is extensive hydrothermal alteration with quartz-sericite and quartz replacements in bodies ranging up to 20 m by 40 m. Locally occurring are relicts of early-stage potassium feldspar alteration that is intensively developed in a granite porphyry stock. Also occurring are rare quartz-potassium feldspar veinlets with pyrite-garnet-epidote skarn that is overprinted by pyrite-chalcopyrite stringers. Deposit developed in following stages: K feldspar-quartz, quartz-magnetite, quartz-sericite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite, quartz-polymetallic (sphalerite and galena). Chilkhaajav and others, 1980; Bayandorj and others, written commun., 1980; Sotnikov and others, 1981, 1985. Mongolia M 47 53 Onts Uul 49 10 30N 49.175 96 18 20 E 96.3055555555556 Cu Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Unknown Grade of 0.001-0.01% Cu, 0.031% Ni, 0.004% Co. Telmen Consists of Cu minerals hosted in Paleoproterozoic biotite granite intruded by rhyolite porphyry, diorite porphyry, gabbrodiorite and granite dikes. Cu minerals occur in 2 areas located 2.0 km apart. The northern area flows a NW-trending, foliated, fault zone 15 m wide and 220 m long, in Paleoproterozoic granite. Deposit minerals are malachite, azurite and rare pyrite. Cu grade is typically 0.001-0.01%, but as high as 0.11-1.85%. Soil sampling reveals Cu anomaly aureoles of 0.006-0.01% grade Cu and Ni in areas of 250 x 600 m and 370 x 600 m. In the southern part of the area a 2 m thick amphibole gabbro and gabbrodiorite dike occurs. The average grade of Cu is 0.028%, of Ni-0.031% and of Co-0.004%. Deposit minerals are hematite, magnetite, ilmenite, Fe oxides, rare pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and chromite. Deposit is associated with a NE-trending, hard rock Cu (0.01-0.03%) geochemical anomaly with an area of 55sq. km. D. Togtokh and others, written commun., 1979. Mongolia M 47 54 Naran bulag 48 35 00N 48.5833333333333 97 47 00 E 97.7833333333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Average grade of 0.08% Cu, 0.0005% Mo in granite porphyry; 0.03 % Cu -0.001% Mo in granodiorite porphyry; 0.01% Cu and up to 0.001% Mo in diorite. Central Mongolia Consists of a Early Cambrian sedimentar and volcanic unit intruded by Middle to Late Cambrian Telmen Complex, the Late Devonian Tes Complex and Late Permian dikes. The Early Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic formation occurs in the eastern part of the region along a sublongitudinal-trending area. Early Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic formation consists of siliceous composition lava in its lowest part, intercalated siliceous and intermediate composition lava in the middle part and different composition tuff in the upper part. The thickness of the formation ranges up to 1055 m. Most of deposit consists of intrusive rock of the Telmen Complex that consists of gabbro, gabbrodiorite and mostly granodiorite. The Tes Complex consists of a complicated, multiphase intrusion including subalkaline, biotitic and aplite granite. There are small openpits at the occurrence. Small stock consisting of fine-grained subalkaline granite and granite porphyry occurs in the central part of the deposit. Eastern part of the stock and host volcanic and intrusive rock is strongly altered to silica, potassium feldspar, biotite and sericite. Fine-grained granite similarly to altered granite, is widely distributed in the occurrence as small stocks. The background grade of Cu and Mo is often high in fine-grained granite and porphyry but the background grade of Cu is more high in porphyry and of Mo is high (up to 0.003%) in fine-grained granite. There are widely distributed dikes consisting of fine-grained granite, granite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, diorite porphyry, microdiorite, gabbrodiorite. Granitoid dikes are distributed mostly in the NE part of the area and diorite dikes mostly in the southern part. Dikes may be pre-deposit or syn-deposition. Gabbro-diorite, andesite porphyry, and kersantite dikes are post-deposit. Main deposit-controlling structure is NNE-trending tectonic weak zone following alteration and deposit. The fault weak zone includes the Naranbulag occurrence and other Cu minerals occurring N of the latter and explosive bodies. There are also distributed NW-trending and sublatitudinal-trending strike-slip faults. Deposit extends 2.0 km on surface and is approximately 200 m wide. There are nine areas of disseminatations and stringers of Cu minerals that occur mostly in silica- and sericite-altered granitoids and partly in volcanic rocks. Main deposit mineral is pyrite and major is chalcopyrite and rare molybdenite, magnetite, sphalerite and galena. The thickness of oxidised and leached zone ranges up to 25.0-30 m. Oxidation and leaching are intensive in areas of strong silica alteration. Altered bodies branch into several parts at depth. Sotnikov and others, 1985, B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 47 55 Solongot 48 10 00N 48.1666666666667 99 01 00 E 99.0166666666667 Cu Au, W Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.001-0.1% Cu, up to 0.3% W, 0.1 g/t Au, 4.0 g/t Ag. Telmen Hosted in a xenolith of Paleoproteozoic limestone and gneiss in a Late Permian granite. The xenolith is altered to skarn minerals, silica and llimonite and extends sublongitudinally for 2.0 km and ranges up to 1.5 km wide. The deposit minerals are hematite and magnetite and rare chalcopyrite and pyrite. About 65 channel samples contain 0.001-0.1% Cu, up to 0.3% W, 0.002-0.02% Zn and 0.001% Mo. One sample contains 0.1 g/t Au and 4.0 g/t Ag. G. Jamsranjav and others, written commun., 1984. Mongolia M 47 56 Most uul 48 03 00N 48.05 99 21 00 E 99.35 Fe Ti, apatite Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Unknown Grade of 30-60% Fe, 6-16% TiO2. Tarvagatai Hosted in the Paleoproterozoic layered gabbro and anorthosite Most uul massif that crops out over 150 sq.km. The massif consists mainly of anorthosite (90%). Main deposit minerals are magnetite and ilmenite. Early magmatic disseminated and massive deposit minerals occur mostly in an innercontact facies peridotite that is 1.0-2.0 km wide. Deposit minerals constitute up to 30-40% host rock, form lenses ranging from 25-40 m up to 200 m thick and up to hundreds meter long Early magmatic stage contains an average 5.0-6.0% TiO2. Postmagmatic deposit minerals occur mostly in the central part of the massif and is related to replacement veins and veinlets. The deposit minerals are magnetite, ilmenite and apatite. One zone is appoximately 50 m by 70 m. Grades are 30-40% Fe in peridotite and 50-60% Fe in post-magmatic zones and 6-16% TiO2 and 12-16% TiO2, respectively. Izoh and others, 1984. Mongolia M 47 57 Takhilt nuur 48 46 40N 48.7777777777778 96 45 30 E 96.7583333333333 Cu, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Unknown Average grade of 0.24% Cu, 0.084% Ni. Telmen Consists five Cu mineral zones in Neoproterozoic gabbro and diorite and gabbro intruded by Neoproterozoic leucogranite stocks and dikes. Neoproterozoic gneiss with schist horizons occurs to the E of the gabbros. The vary from 30 m to 80 m wide and are closely spaced. Chalcopyrite, pyrite, millerite, linneite, cobaltine, magnetite, hematite, covellite, bornite, chalcocite, malachite and azurite occur. Fine-grained (up to 1.0-5.0 mm), rare (3-5%) disseminations of pyrite and chalcopyrite occurs. The grade of Cu varies from a little to 2.18% (the average grade 0.24%); of Ni up to 0.45% (the average 0.084%). In core samples, the grade of Cu varies from 0.006% to 1.0% and Ni from 0.01% to 1.0%. D. Togtokh and others, written commun., 1979. Mongolia M 47 58 Khagnuur 48 06 00N 48.1 96 31 00 E 96.5166666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Resource of 3.4 million tonnes Mn grading 30.53% Mn. Tsagaanolom Consists of Mn sandstone beds that occur between a Vendian lower carbonate and upper clastic sedimentary rock. The Mn sandstone crops over a 1.4 sq.km., is 0.3 km to 2.0 km wide, and 2.0 km long. The Mn beds range from 2.0 m up to 7.0 m thick (average of 4.0 m). Grades are 10.26-36.98% Mn in channel and core samples, 3.4-4.8% Mn in Mn beds, and from 1.55-5.23% Mn in host rock. Samples also contain 0.01-0.06 g/t Au, 0.3-1.0 g/t Ag, up to 0.015% Mo, up to 0.02% Zn, up to 0.03% La, and up to 0.015% Ce. B. Samozvantsev and others, written commun., 1982. Mongolia M 47 6 Tsagaan Nuur 51 14 00N 51.2333333333333 99 23 00 E 99.3833333333333 P Sedimentary phosphate Medium Average grade of 25% P2O5. Resources of 150 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of a phosphorite horizon occurring in the western edge of the Hubsugul basin. The phosphorite bench occurs in lower part of the Vendian-Middle Cambrian Hubsugul Series. Six main phosphorite beds occur. The thickness of some beds ranges from 2 to 9 m. The phosphorite consist of aphanite, sandstone and granular petrographic types. The content of the insoluble remnant is 3.5-12.1%. I' lin, 1973; Yu.A. Borzakovsky and E.A.Suprunov, written commun., 1990; Byamba, 1996. Mongolia M 47 7 Saihangol 50 52 00N 50.8666666666667 100 08 00E 100.133333333333 Mn Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Large Grade of 4.0-36.72% MnO, 3.2-21.88% Fe2O3. Resources of 293 million tonnes ore with 65 million tonnes Mn, 43 million tonnes Fe. Hovsgol Consists of pyrolusite and minor hematite in siliceous layers in carbonate of the Early Cambrian Khoridol Formation. Main deposit mineral is pyrolusite with minor hematite. The host rock containing the pyrolusite siliceous beds ranges from 10-20 m thick. The pyrolusite beds are 300 m long and 1.5-2.0 m thick. The beds dips steeply to N. C.A. Kiselov and others, written commun., 1959. Mongolia M 47 8 Hubsugul 50 41 00N 50.6833333333333 100 10 00E 100.166666666667 P Sedimentary phosphate Large Grade of 20-40% P2O5. Production of 632.9 million tonnes. Hovsgol Consists of up to five phosphorite beds that alternate with dolomite, limestone, chert, aleurolite, and argillite in a phosphorite-bearing zone. The phosphorite beds range from 5 to 50 m thick, generally occur with carbonate rock, and form mainly aphanite and granular types. Deposit occurs in the Hubsugul Basin that occurs on the western coast of Lake Hubsugul. The basin extends 25 km from S to N. Deposit occurs on both edges of the Hesen syncline in the lower part of the Vendian and Middle Cambrian Hubsugul Series that consists of clastic and carbonate rock that was deformed in the late Riphean. The phosphorite deposit overlies Vendian sedimentary rock that is overlain by Late Cambrian limestone with archaeocyathids. Muzalevskii, 1970; I'lin, 1973; Byamba, 1996. Mongolia M 47 9 Bagatsagaan gol 50 41 00 N 50.6833333333333 100 05 00 E 100.083333333333 Mn Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Medium Reserves of 293 million tonnes ore, and 65 million tonnes Mn with average grade of 20% Mn. Reserves of 43 million tonnes Fe with average grade of 13.9% Fe. Hovsgol Consists of Mn- and Fe-bearing siliceous horizon occurring above phosphate -bearing horizons in the Khesen Fotmation of Vendian to Lower Cambrian age. The length of the horizon is up to 30 km. The thickness of manganese-bearing beds in the horizon, ranges from 1.0 m to tens meter. Main ore mineral is pyrolusite, minor - hematite. Zaitev and others, 1984. Mongolia M 48 1 Oshurkovskoye 51 57 N 51.95 107 27 E 107.45 Apatite Magmatic and metasomatic apatite Large Average grade of 4.1% P2O5. Dzhida-Selenginskiy Deposits consists of apatite in plutonic sheeted complex and occurs in concordant, lenses, plates and dikes of coarse- and medium-grained alkaline gabbro and syenite. Apatite occurs in alkaline gabbro and is available ubiquitously with average grade P2O5 4%. There are a number of proximal site of 100-400 m wide, 300-600 m long, in that P2O5 achieves 5-6%, in some places 10-20%. Apatite in gabbro is regularly disseminated as tabular grains, short prismatic and rare spicular crystals, occurs in cumulates, in poikillitic inclusions in pyroxenes and amphiboles, in phenocrystals of many dikes of microgabbro, in differently trending lenses and nests of 0.2-2.0 m, that are composed of 80-90% tabular grains of apatite with insignificant impurity of hornblende and titanic magnetite. Gabbros include pegmatoid spots of hornblende-feldspar composition with numerous inclusions of apatite grains. Deposit includes zones with fracturing and hydrothermal alteration, 5-20 m thick and 50-80 m long that are enriched in carbonate, chlorite and local apatite (about 35%) and ceolite. Host rock is granite and gneiss. Deposit formed in Early Cretaceous rifting. Litvinovsky and others, 1998. Russia M 48 10 Tarvagatai 50 16 00N 50.2666666666667 104 22 00E. 104.366666666667 Au, Ag, Pb, Zn Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Soil anomaly with 0.002-1.5 g/t Au, 10.0-100.0 g/t Ag, 0.006-0.2% Pb, 0.02-0.06% Zn, 0.01-0.08% As. Dzid-Selenginskiy Hosted in early Paleozoic Jid Complex granite intruded by Jurassic granite. Consists of pyrite-galena-quartz veins, beresite alteration zones, and quartz veinlets zones. Occurrence cut by a sublongitudinal-trending fault with western and eastern parts. Veins and veinlets zones occur in the eastern part, dip gently (5-300) to S and S-E. The veins and zones located in the western part, dip steeply to S. Vein No. 1 is studied well. It is 700 m long. Four trenches cross the vein. In lower selvage of the vein, occurs beresite zone with quartz veinlets. The thickness of the vein ranges from 0.7 m to 2.1 m, in average 1.3 m. Channel samples contains maximum 7.9 g/t Au and 120 g/t Ag but the average grade of Au is 1.5 g/t and of Ag is 55 g/t. There are more 4 veins with a thickness of 0.2 m to 1.0 m, with grade of Au from 0.5 to 6.0 g/t and Ag from 30 to 462 g/t. Grab samples from quartz and silica-altered beresite rubble with galena, contains from 0.02 to 10.0 g/t Au (the average 1.5 g/t ) and from 0.64 to 2800 g/t Ag (the average 132 g/t ). The grade of Au and Ag is 1.5 times lower in beresite, than that in quartz. Samples contains 0.05-2.0%, rrange up to 15% Pb and anomaly grades of Zn, As and Sb. Deposit minerals in veins and zones, are intensive oxidized. Above mentioned data of Au and Ag grade characteristic for oxidised zone. Quartz of vein and veinlets, contains abundant nests of oxidised sulfides. Chip samples of quartz block rubbles with pyrite-limonite nests, contains 77.2 g/t and 60.8 g/t Au. A soil anomaly aureole contains 0.002-1.5 g/t Au, 10.0-100.0 g/t Ag, 0.006-0.2% Pb, 0.02-0.06% Zn, 0.01-0.08% As and Sb and Hg anomaly grades in many samples. L. P. Alaev and others, written commun., 1985. Mongolia M 48 11 Oyuut Uul 49 38 00N 49.6333333333333 106 11 00E 106.183333333333 Mo, Cu Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Up to1.5-2.16% Cu. Orhon-Selenge Consists of sulfide-bearing fault fractured, mylonitized and silica-altered zone in Permian volcanic rock. Host volcanic rock is white and contain pyrite and chalcopyrite disseminations and malachite and azurite coatings. Samples contains 1.5-2.16% Cu and 0.006-0.2% Zn. Zone of silica replacement is oxidized. Soil sampling reveals 4 anomalies of Cu 0.01-0.02%, ranging 4.7; 1.3; 0.6 and 3.8 sq. km. An IP anomaly occurs at the centre of the occurrence. Intensive pyrite alteration of andesite occurs at depth from 68.1 m to 115.7 m. Silica and pyrite-altered zone also shows lower resistivity anomaly. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite, rare sphalerite and molybdenite. Sotnikov and others, 1985; Polishuk and others, 1961; B. Purevsuren and others, written commun., 1986. Mongolia M 48 12 Bots 49 49 00N 49.8166666666667 105 37 00E 105.616666666667 Cu Au Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Unknown Grade of 0.05-1.08% Cu. Average grade of 0.3 g/t Au. Orhon-Selenge Consists Cu mineralization developed in Upper Permian to Lower Triassic amygdaloidal porphyrites and their tuffs. Copper mineralization extends for 4.0 km. Host porphyrites are intruded by diabase dikes of thickness 2.0 - 3.0 m and of length up to 10.0 m. Diabase dikes located in mineralized weak zone are intensively silicified and epidotized and contain mostly native copper mineralization. There are widely developed copper bearing small veins and stringers of white quartz up to 0.5 m, rarely 1.0 m and of a few meters in length, localised in host porphyrites and altered dikes. Native copper mineralisation is sometimes developed in amygdules of porphyrites. There are also native copper, malachite and azurite bearing quartz-epidote veins of thickness up to 0.3 m. Malachite, azurite and cuprite are intensive developed in all mineralised types. The occurrence is localized in tectonic shear zone of width 500.0 m. V.I. Ushakov and others, 1965; L.P. Alaev and others, written commun.,1985. Mongolia M 48 13 Malo-Oinogorskoye 50 18 N 50.3 103 38 E 103.633333333333 Mo Mo-porphyry Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Not available. Dzhida-Selenginskiy Consists of a large steeply-dipping linear stockwork (1650 x 300-400 m, 560 m deep), NW elongated. It occurs in exo-partly endocontact of granite porphyry (Early Jurassic-12) of the intrusive of fracture type. Deposit consists of molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, scheelite, insignificant sphalerite, chalcopyrite, fluorite, traces of galena and arsenopyrite. Veinlets of quartz and quartz-sulphide composition predominate (5 mm, 10 per a meter), less frequently occurs in stockwork and nests of molybdenite-scheelite-sulphide aggregate. The enclosing silicium-volcanic rock and dolomite-altered limestone (C1) are skarned and biotized; granite porphyroes (Early to Middle Jurassic) are intensely altered to greisen, albite and K-feldspar. Skarns are early, consist of garnet and pyroxene, contain disseminated scheelite, magnetite, ilmenite and pyrrhotite. Filko and Kuzmin, 1988; Pokalov and Vasin, 1978; Petrovskaya and Spirddonov, 1977; Khodanovich, 1995. Russia M 48 14 Dzhidinskoe district 50 19 N 50.3166666666667 103 21 E 103.35 W Mo (Be, Pb, Cu, Zn) W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Grade in stockwork ores of 0.16-0.18% WO3, in vein bodies 0.5-1.0% WO3. Average age grade of 0.1-0.15% Mo, 0.3-0.5% Pb, 0.3% Cu, up to 2,8 ppm Au, up to 315 ppm Ag. Prospected to 700 m depth. Dzhida-Selenginskiy Occurs in three areas in the apical part of a small Triassic granite massif. The Pervomayskoye stockwork Mo deposit (620x540 m) is mushroom-shaped, and extends to a depth of 240-250 m. Ore consists of molybdenite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bismuthine, fluorite, aud beryllium. Gangue minerals are quartz, K-feldspar, and muscovite. Ore contains 0.1-0.15% Mo, 0.018% BeO , 0.031% W205. Kholtosonkoye vein W deposit consists of economic hubnerite-sulfide-quartz veins (500-2000x0.8x500-600 m). Ore consists of: hubnerite (14.5-0.4%), scheelite (3.5-0.1%), galena (11.9-0.1%), sphalerite (3,5-0.1%), pyrite (7,6-0.2%), chalcopyrite (0.8-0.001%), fluorite (7.6-0.2%). The grade of WO3 varies from 1.10 to 0.42%. Inkurskoye stockwork W deposit (1700x400-600x300-400 m) consists a network of quartz, quartz-feldspar, quartz-muscovite and quartz-sulfide veinlets with hubnerite and scheelite. The major minerals are hubnerite and scheelite. Less widespread are pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and gray ore. The average grade in stockwork is 0.147% WO3; 0.019% Pb; 0.045% Zn; 0.0035% Cu; 0.046% BeO; 0.7 ppm Au, and 6 ppm Ag. Many veins occur along the dike belt with diorite porphyry, microdiorite, aplite, syenite porphyry, and lamprophyre. The early and middle Paleozoic host granitoid rock is altered to berisite, sericite, and greisen. Besova, 1932; Kushnarev, 1954; Povilaitis, 1960; Ignatovich, 1961; Malinovsky, 1962; Ontoev, 1974; Scheglov and others, 1978; Reif and Bazheev, 1982;. Feofilaktov, 1980; Smolyansky and Ignatovich, 1982; Dzhida ore region, 1984; Mokhosoev, 1984, Gordienko, 1987; Khodanovich, 1995; Skurskiy, 1996. Russia M 48 15 Tomor tolgoi 49 18 00N 49.3 106 10 00E 106.166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Grade of 52.4-54.8% Fe. Reserves of 25 million tonnes. Bayangol Consists of Fe skarn hosted by Vendian to Early Cambrian siliceous and mica schist with marbled limestone and dolomite horizons, intruded by Middle to Late Cambrian diorite and Permian(?) (or Devonian(?)) granite, granosyenite and syenite. These rock is intensively fractured in the Bayangol major fault zone following intensive alteration and the fault controls location of the bodies. There are 7 bodies with a steep (55-60ø) SE dip in a 1000 m long zone. The 4 largest (the Eastern, the Central, the Western and the Parallel) are 50-400 m long and 6-150 m thick and extend for 150-200 m downdip by drilling. The Western body is the largest with approximately 70% proven reserves. This body is concealed by 30-50 m of Quaternary sedimentary rock and consists of two lenses that decrease in thickness and Fe grade downdip. Other bodies are small: strike extension-10-30 m, thickness-5-10 m and downdip extension is 15-20 m. The western body consists mostly of massive deposit minerals in rare beds with stringers. The Eastern and the Central bodies are oxidized to a depth of 20-40 m and consist of martite, magnetite, rare hematite, pyrrhotite and pyrite. The Fe grade ranges from 50% to 65%. Magnetite is main mineral in masses and Fe-sulfides range up to 15-20%. Skarns are salite, diopside-hedenbergite with garnet. Filippova and others, 1977; Podlessky and others, 1988; N.A. Chebotarev and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 48 16 Tavt 50 07 00N 50.1166666666667 102 26 00E 102.433333333333 Au, Ag, Cu Granitoid-related Au vein Large Resources of 12 million tonnes ore. Dzid-Selenginskiy Hosted mainly in early Paleozoic gabbro and granitoids with xenoliths of Vendian to Early Cambrian limestone that are intruded by Late Permian granitoids of the Selenge Complex and by early Mesozoic granitoid stocks and dikes of the Orkhon Intrusive Complex. Abundant quartz veins occur and contain gold and sulphides mostly in the early Paleozoic gabbro and gabbro and diorite and in the first phase granitoids of the Selenge Complex. About 100 gold-sulfide-quartz veins occur in mainly ten zones that range from 2.0 to 7.5 km long and 50.0 to 800 m wide and strike NW and dip steeply SW. The length of individual veins ranges from 100 to 250 m and rarely up to 800 m and range from 6.0-8.0 m wide with an average thickness of 0.5-1.5 m. Deposit minerals are native gold and Ag, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, molybdenite and sphalerite. Sulphides are replaced by carbonates and hydroxides in an oxidized zone. Grade ranges from 0.1 to 230.0 g/t Au and rarely up to 1.5 k g/t. Au. The average grade is 21.2 g/t Au in 0.7 m average thickness of vein. High grade of Cu and Ag also occurs with average grade of 61.2 g/t Ag and 1.94% Cu. Drilling shows deposit extends 300 m below surface with decreasing grade and thickness. V.S. Tsyba and others, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 48 17 Serten 49 04 00N 49.0666666666667 105 33 00E 105.55 Cu Ag Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.02-0.2% Cu, 10.0-50.0 g/t Ag. Bayangol Consists of lenses of skarn that occur along a contact between Neoproterozoic limestone xenoliths of the Darkhan series that is intruded by Cambrian gabbro and peridotite. The skarn lenses occur from 50 m to 200 m apart in an area 700 by 20 by 40 m. The lenses vary from 5 to 20 m long and 2-5 m wide. The deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, bismuthite and covellite. Rock samples contain 0.02-0.2% Cu, 0.02-1% Zn, 0.02-1.0% Pb, 0.005-0.1% Bi, 0.02% Co, 0.03% As, 0.01% Sn, 10.0-50.0 g/t Ag and 0.005 g/t Au. B. Batroom and others, written commun., 1992. Mongolia M 48 18 Khotol 49 04 00N 49.0666666666667 105 31 00E 105.516666666667 Ni Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Unknown Average grade of 0.1% Ni, 0.05% Co. Bayangol Consists of a peridotite horizon 70.0 x 10.0-20 m cut by horizontal pyrrhotite stringers 1-2 mm thick. Host rock is Middle Cambrian bedded peridotite, gabbro and massive gabbro and diorite that intrudes Neoproterozoic Limestone of the Darkhan Series. Samples taken from more richer part that contains: Ni-0.1%, Co-0.05%, Zn-0.05% and from weakly altered part: Ni-0.05%, Co-0.01%, Zn-0.03%. Soil anomalies of Ni are widely distributed in the vicinity of the occurrence. A Middle Cambrian layered peridotite, gabbro and diorite massive intrudes Neoproterozoic limestone of the Darkhan Series Peridotite bed ranging 70.0 x 10.0-20 m is cut by horizontal deposit mineral stringers with a thickness of 1-2 mm. Visible deposit mineral is pyrrhotite. Rock chip samples taken from richer part contain Ni-0.1%, Co-0.05%, Zn-0.05% and in rock chip sample from weak altered part: Ni-0.05%, Co-0.01%, Zn-0.03%. Soil anomalies of Ni are widely distributed in the vicinity of the occurrence. B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 48 19 Baruunburen 49 17 00 N 49.2833333333333 104 41 00 E 104.683333333333 Cu Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Unknown Maximum grade of 0.13-0.38% Cu. Orhon-Selenge Consists of weak impregnation of native copper, malachite, cuprite, azurite in quartz-epidote veins. Host rocks are Upper Permian to Lower Triassic andesite porphyry, basalticandesite, basalt porphyry, tuffconglomerate and tuff. Thickness of veins range from 0.1 - 0.5 m and of length 3 - 15 m. D. Garamjav and others, written commun.,1972. Mongolia M 48 2 Arsentievskoye 51 16 N 51.2666666666667 106 46 E 106.766666666667 Ti Fe, P, V Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Grade of 5.11-6.04% Ti02 for disseminated ores; 7.73-9.28% TiO2 for thickly disseminated ores; 13.3.8% for compact ores. Dzhida-Selenginskiy Deposit occurs in differentiated intrusion of the medium and basic composition (gabbro, gabbro-anorthosites, syenites) of the Caledonian age lying between orthogneisses. Ilmenite-magnetite ores within the massif occur in the band of gabbro and gabbro-anorthosites. The bulk mass of ore-bearing gabbro containing about 3% of TiO2 includes lenticular isometric, irregularly-shaped bodies of thickly disseminated and massive ores, crossing pseudo-stratified layers of gabbro and gabbro-anorthosites. The length of ore bodies 50-60 m, thickness 3-10 m. The ilmenite-magnetite ores are composed of sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, rarely pentlandite), apatite, spinel. Smirnov and Perelygina, 1959; Bogatikov, 1965; Tarasova, 1968. Russia M 48 20 Urt 48 38 30N 48.6416666666667 106 32 20E 106.538888888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 18.9 g/t Au. Resources of 363 kg Au. North Hentii 2 Consists of two quartz veins that occur in middle Palaeozoic rhyolite subvolcanic body. The size of NW-trending vein was 200 x 0.25-0.56 m. No data for second vein is absent. The average grade is 18.9 g/t Au.The first vein is mined out by openpit and 5 adits. The second vein is mined out by openpit and adit. Deposit was mined out in 1915-1918 and was discovered by "Mongolor" joint venture in 1914. N.E. Nevzorov and others, written commun., 1933; V. V. Taranin and others, written commun., 1965. Mongolia M 48 21 Boroo 4 48 45 45N 48.7625 106 09 30E. 106.158333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 12.9 g/t Au. Resource of 478 kg Au. North Hentii 1 The deposit represents NNW-oriented, steep ( 50 - 600 ) to east dipping, 140 m long and 1.3 m thick quartz vein localised in contact between Lower Paleozoic the Boroogol granodiorite in east and Devonian age the Ikh Tashir granite in west. Exploration drilling has defined gold ores to 85 m below surface, showing downhole decreasing in Au grade and in thickness the vein. The vein is mined out by openpit and 4 decline shafts from surface, in 1952. Host granodiorite in hanging wall is epidotized and K-feldsparized, and footwall granite is weak silicified. 2.0 m thick diorite dike is located parallel to the vein. The vein is disappeared in to north and south both. Most free milling gold associates with pyrite and quartz. The grade of Au is very changeable. Blagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977; V.N. Loginov, written commun.,1956, R. Khennel and others, written commun., 1968. Mongolia M 48 22 Boroo 7 48 47 00N 48.7833333333333 106 04 30E 106.075 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 9.0 g/t Au. Resource of 350 kg Au. North Hentii 2 The deposit represents quartz vein of length 200 m and of thickness 0.4 - 1.0 m (the average 0.93 m ), localised in Lower Palaeozoic sandstone-shale formation of the Khara Group, intruded by Early Mesozoic age granite porphyry, diorite porphyry and gabbro-diabase dikes. It is mined out on 75-80m of its length, in the eastern part by a Quarry, in 1948 - 1954. The average grade of gold in the western part of the vein is 9 g/t. The average grade of Au is generally 15 - 17 g/t in eastern part of the vein. The vein is surrounded by alteration halos of thickness few metre. Ore minerals are gold, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and tetrahedrite, but their amount is a little. Gold is free and forms growth with quartz, pyrite and galena. V.N. Loginov, written commun., 1956; R.R. Khennel and others, written commun., 1968; Blagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977. Mongolia M 48 23 Teshig 1 49 58 40N 49.9777777777778 102 28 55E 102.481944444444 Au Fe,Ag,Cu Au skarn Unknown Skarn contains 0.1-1.0 g/t Au with average grade of 0.5 g/t Au. Magnetite bodies average 0.3% Cu, up to 0.5 g/t Au (average 0.1 g/t Au). Average grade of 0.12% Cu in skarn without magnetite. Dzid-Selenginskiy Hosted in Vendian to Early Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock of the Buuraltai Unit that is intruded by gabbro quartz syenite of the Late Permian Selenge Complex, and by various early Mesozoic dikes and stocks. Deposit is a Cu-Au magnetite-garnet-epidote skarn that occurs along the contact between the Vendian to Early Cambrian limestone and the early Mesozoic diorite and granite intrusive stock. The contact is cut by a NW-trending fault zone that contains vein magnetite Cu and Au, and and post-deposit intermediate dikes. The magnetite bodies dip steeply NE, are intensely altered to limonite and Fe hydroxides. The skarn is 1500 m long and varies from 25.0 m to 80 m wide. The same Cu and Au minerals occur in skarn, magnetite and limonite-magnetite bodies. The deposit minerals are mainly malachite, and rare azurite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, covellite and gold. Au grains varies from 0.001 to 0.7 mm and average size 0.05-0.2 mm. Deposit is divided in to three parts. L.P. Alaev and others, written commun., 1985. Mongolia M 48 24 Boroo 48 45 00N . 48.75 106 09 00E 106.15 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 3.0 g/t Au. Resource of 40.0 tonnes Au. North Hentii 2 Occurs along a major sub-latitudinal fault zone that dips gently north and cuts sedimentary rock in the early Paleozoic Khara Group the early Paleozoic Borogol granitoid complex. These rocks are intruded by early Mesozoic gabbro, diabase, and diorite dikes that are altered and host the deposit. The deposit extends approximately 2.0 km along strike and ranges from 3-5-34 m thick. The ore mineral assemblages, from older to younger, are: pre-ore epidote-chlorite; quartz-sericite-albite-chlorite; gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite-K-feldspar-quartz; gold-beresite; quartz; gold-sulphide-quartz vein; and post ore calcite. Gold is fine-grained and occurs in pyrite and arsenopyrite, and as free gold in quartz veins. Fineness of gold varies from 700 to 940. Main ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite, and gold. Main gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, iron-carbonates, calcite, albite and muscovite. Sulphides comprise 5-25% in replacements and 1-2% in quartz veins. The average grade 3.0 g/t Au in replacement zone and 10-20 g/t Au in quartz veins in the replacement zone. Mined by openpit and underground workings from 1948-1955. Blagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977; Dejidmaa, 1985; N.N. Loginov, written commun., 1956; R. Barsbold and others, written commun.,1960; R. Khenel and others, written commun., 1968, 1970 , G. Choren and others, written commun., 1986, 1988. Mongolia M 48 25 Baavgait 48 37 00 N 48.6166666666667 106 30 00 E 106.5 Au Ag Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 15.0-25.0 g/t Au, 25.0 g/t Ag. North-Khentii The deposit mined out in 1913 - 1919 by "Mongolor" joint venture. It was presented 2 quartz veins localised in Middle Palaeozoic rhyolite subvolcanic body. Sub-latitudinal oriented and dipping to north ( dipping angle is 40 - 450 ) the "Main" vein was 100 m long, 1.5-2.0m thick. The average grade of Au was ranged from 15.0 g/t to 25.0 g/t and Ag - from 25 g/t to 30.0 g/t. More high grade of Au was concentrated in vein selvages where were deposited sulfides. Ore mineralogy was same to the mineralogy of the Ereen deposit but there was defined native silver. The second vein is located across to the Main vein The second vein strikes to NW-SE trend and dips to NE under the angle 500. It was narrow so isn't mined out. There isn't data about the second vein. Deposit mined out. N. E. Nebzorov and others, written commun., 1933, Popov and others, 1962; A. Kampe and others, written comun.,1968. Mongolia M 48 26 Sujigt 48 34 40N 48.5777777777778 106 31 00E 106.516666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Resources of 2918.2 kg Au, 975.1 kg Ag North Hentii 2 Consists of quartz veins and stockwork that occurs along a NE-striking, minor fault altered zone that cuts early Paleozoic granite and granodiorite of the Boroogol Complex. The fault zone is a part of the Sujigtgol regional fault and occurs between a middle Paleozoic rhyolite subvolcanic body and early Paleozoic granodiorite and granite massif. Deposit includes five main quartz veins that range from 110 to 250 m long, 0.27-0.48 m wide and dip SE to NE. Grades range from 10-25 g/t Au. A lower grade stockwork occurs between the veins. Primary deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite, burnonite, altite and gold. Deposit minerals in oxidized zone are limonite, covellite, chalcocite, malachite, azurite and cerussite. Sulphides comprise from 2% to 10% veins. Deposit extends to 275 m below surface with downward decrease in Au grade and thickness of the Main vein. Deposit deposit was discovered by Mongolor joint venture in 1913 and mined from 1914-1914. R. Kruse and others, written commun., 1970; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 48 27 Serten-Nomgon 49 04 00N 49.0666666666667 104 55 00E 104.916666666667 Cu PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Unknown Average grade of 0.275% Cu, 0.54 g/t Pt+Pd. Bayangol Consists of lenses of chalcopyrite, magnetite and ilmenite in a Middle Cambrian bedded gabbro stock. The stock consists of gabbro and norite, troctolite, olivine gabbro, anorthosite, gabbro and diorite. Chalcopyrite, magnetite and ilmenite disseminations occur in gabbro and norite in four lenses gabbro and norite horizons. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, pentlandite and pyrrhotite and malachite, azurite and Fe oxide coatings. Ts. Gundsambuu and others, written commun., 1992. Mongolia M 48 28 Tsagaanchuluut 48 38 30N 48.6416666666667 106 11 00E 106.183333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 9-10 g/t Au. Resources of 1.0 tonne. North Hentii 1 Consists of a sublatitudinal-trending, gently (20-350) to N dipping quartz vein with a thickness of 0.6 m to 3.5 m (average 0.98 m) and of length 220 m on-striking extension and 160 m on dipping extension. Host rock is the early Paleozoic contact metamorphosed sandstone-siltstone-shale formation of the Khara Group The vein is surrounded by alteration halos with a thickness of up to 10 m, with quartz stringers. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, major sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, galena, argentite, altite and gold. Gold is free. The size of free milling Au ranges up to 1-2 mm. Maximum grade of Au is 130 g/t. The average fineness of Au is 8900/00. The vein was mined from the surface by openpit by Mongolian government in 1948-1955. N.N. Loginov, written commun., 1956; Barsbold and others, 1960; R. Khenel and others, written commun.,1968, 1970; Blagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977; Dejidmaa, 1985; G. Choren and others, written commun., 1986, 1988. Mongolia M 48 29 Narantolgoi 48 34 30N 48.575 105 55 50E. 105.930555555556 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Average grade of 8.2 g/t Au. Reserves of 177,343 tonnes. Resources of 440,000 tonnes. North Hentii 2 Consists of parallel quartz veins in early Paleozoic sandstone and shale of the Kharaa Group that is intruded by an early Mesozoic granodiorite stock. Deposit contains the Main and the Parallel veins and lesser veins that strike sublongitudinally. The Main vein is 1800 m long and ranges from 0.4 to 1.05 m, dips steeply W and averages 5.7 g/t Au. The Parallel vein occurs 200 m in W of the Main vein, is 1250 m long and ranges from 0.14-0.31 m wide with an average grade of 8.4-35.8 g/t Au. Veins formed in following stages: (1) quartz I, arsenopyrite and pyrite I and gold l (2) quartz II, pyrite II, enargite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tennantite, galena, petcite and gold II; and (3) quartz III and carbonate. Host rock is altered to minor beresite that increases with depth. Deposit is explored by trenches, by underground workings and drill holes. B.R. Khennel and others, written commun., 1970; Lagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977. Mongolia M 48 3 Naranskoye 51 02 N 51.0333333333333 105 44 E 105.733333333333 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Large Average grade of 31% CaF2. Prospected to depth of 350 m. Dzhida-Selenginskiy Consists of 17 steeply-dipping veins, 9 of these are largest (600-1200 x 1,0-4,6x170-300 m). Two morophological types: veins of filling and zones of crushing, locally combined in the same structure. In mineral composition this is quartz-fluorite type: major quartz and fluorite in different proportions (abundance of CaF2 from 10 to 85% with average 31%); minor ones kaolinite, montomorillonite, hydromuscovite, pyrite; very rare galena and sphalerite. The deposit minerals occur in breccia and masses. S, P, Fe are about 0.01% with local abundant fluorite. The enclosing rock is very diverse complexes from sedimentary-metamorphic (Mesoproterozoic), volcanic and sedimentary (Early Triassic to Early Jurassic) to granitoid (Middle Triassic to Middle Jurassic), but most often the veins occur in granosyenite (Middle Triassic). The circum-ore alterations are poorly expressed. Deposit occurs in the strongly dislocated tectonic block (8 sq.km.) occurring in the zone of local fault. Kremlyakov, 1970; Teterin, 1971; Teterin and Arkhipchuk, 1971; Kozhemyachenko and others, 1972; Bulnaev, 1995. Russia M 48 30 Zalaat 49 51 00N 49.85 102 01 00E 102.016666666667 Asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Medium Reserves of 91.2 tonnes grading 3.8% asbestos. Egiingol Hosted in a serpentine melange in dunite and peridotite. Deposit consists of chrysotile-asbestos in variably serpentinized alpine ultramafic rock. Deposit occurs in the central part of the intrusive in a lens extends NE. In the ultramafic massif are two generations of asbestos. One generation occurs in an area approximately 300 long by 40 m wide. The second generation consists of a network of crosscutting, thin (1-8 mm), chrysolite-asbestos veins that range up to 6 m long. The size of major asbestos-bearing bed is 265 m by 40 m. The bed is cut by an asbestos network forming boxes ranging approximately 7 by 7 cm and rarely up to 50 by 50 cm. The length of asbestos fibers varies from 3 to 10 mm. Deposit age is interpeted as Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian. Deposit is controlled by a NW-SE-trending thrust fault that contains ultramafic intrusions and Ordovician collisional granitoids. Pinus and others, 1984; Kleiner and others, 1977; Kuznetsov and others, 1986; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 48 31 Saikhan (Bor Khujir) 48 22 00N 48.3666666666667 106 13 00E 106.216666666667 W, Sn (Be) Ta, Nb W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.58% REE. Resources of 12,432 tonnes W, 5940 tonnes Be, 13,355 tonnes Sn, 1215 tonnes Ag. Central Hentii Consists of beryl, wolframite and cassiterite in lepidolite-albite and microcline-albite granite, that occur in granite leucogranite granite. Quartz-beryl veins and lenses are 0.5x10 m,and quartz-wolframite veins 0.5 x 300 m. Granite is altered to a depth of 66 m. Kovalenko and others, 1984 Mongolia M 48 32 Bayantsagaan 1 48 20 40 N 48.3444444444444 106 09 50 E 106.163888888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 1.0-2.0 g/t Au. North Hentii 1 Deposit occurs in a sub-longitudinal oriented fault weak zone of length 1300 m and of width 550 - 650 m, in the Lower Palaeozoic granite of the Boroogol complex. The zone hosts granite-aplite and diorite porphyry dykes, quartz veins, and different replacements. The zone includes gold bearing 3 individual zones so called as the Western, The Central and the Eastern. The Western zone of width 4 - 5 m and of length 800m, consists of quartz vein, berezite and line-like quart stockwork with impregnation-stringer sulphide mineralisation. Berezite of thickness 3 m, contains 1.0 g/t Au. By core drill hole, was cut berezites in depth 93.4 - 96.7 m, 97.7 - 99.0 m and 100 - 101 m with grade of Au 2.0; 2.04 and 1.03 g/t respectively by gold spectral analyse, but by fire - assay analyse, the grade of Au ranged from 4.8 g/t to 7.4 g/t in above mentioned intervals between 93.4 - 101 m. The Central zone is located in the central part of ore hosting fault zone, and it is presented sub-parallel, gold bearing tourmaline-quartz and quartz veins, silicified and berezite replacements. High grade ( 32.0 g/t ) of Au is close related to tourmaline-quartz replacement and group of quartz veins and stringers. By channel sampling, there were defined 4 ore bodies with 1.0 - 1.73 g/t Au on the Surface. By 2 core drill holes, were defined from 2 ( 21.8 - 22.4 m; Au 1.0 g/t and 39.1 - 39.6 m, Au 1.1 g/t ) to 8 subzones with Au grade from 0.14 g/t to1.0 g/t ( summary thickness 27.1 m with average Au 0.29 g/t ). The Eastern zone of length 800 m and of width 100 - 150 m, located in eastern margin of ore bearing fault weak zone, consists of parallel quartz veins localised in berezitized granite. There were discovered gold bearing 5sub-zones of summary thickness 150m with average 0.37 g/t Au in the northern surface part. 1.0 - 3.0 m thick subzones contain more 1.0 g/t Au. Most grade of gold was determined by gold spectral analyse. Ts. Baadai and others, written commun., 1989. Mongolia M 48 33 Erdenetiin Ovoo 49 00 00N 49 104 08 00E 104.133333333333 Cu, Mo Ag Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Grade of 0.8-7.6 g/t, Cu, 0.001%-0.76% Mo. Reserves of 10,851,000 tonnes Cu and 167,073 tonnes Mo. Orhon-Selenge Consists of stockwork veinlets and veins of quartz, chalcopyrite and molybdenite in, or near granodiorite porphyry of Selenge Complex. The size of the stockwork at the surface is 2800 m by 300-1300 m and the primimary deposit dimensions are 1000 m by 600 m. Deposit is related to intensive hydrothermal alteration of host rock. A quartz-sericite zone is strongly developed in the center of the stockwork and grades outward into sericite-chlorite and carbonate-epidote-chlorite zones. In the upper part of the stockwork, argillite alteration occurs and K feldspar alteration, locally with hydrothermal biotite and tourmaline, occurs. Altered quartz-sericite rock is called a secondary quartzite. In the eastern part of the deposit, the porphyritic rock and alteration zone are cut by a central meridian fault. This mine contains numerous supergenic halos. The NW-trending fault zone is an important deposit control. The host rocks are a Precambrian basement composed of amphibolite, schist, and volcanic and sedimentary rock. Five stages of deposition correspond to five phases of porphyry intrusion. The stages are: magnetite, quartz-pyrite, molybdenite-quartz, chalcopyrite-pyrite-quartz, pyrite metacrystals, pyrrhotite (cubanite)-chalcopyrite, chalcocite-bornite, galena-sphalerite-tennantite and zeolite-gypsum-carbonate in both primary and secondary enrichment zones. The main minerals in the oxide zone are malachite, azurite, cuprite, Fe oxides, and native copper. A vertical zonation consists of: (1) oxidized and leached ore minerals (from 10 m to 90 m thick); (2) secondary sulphide enrichment zone (from 60 m to 300 m thick); and (3) primary ore minerals (to a depth 1000 m). Cu grade varies from 0.8% to 7.6% Cu in secondary sulphide zone in the central part of the deposit and decreases to the periphery. Mo grade varies from 0.001% to 0.76% Mo in the secondary sulphide zone. Cu grade in primary ore minerals decreases from the centre of stockwork (0.4-0.5% Cu) to 0.2-0.3% Cu at the periphery and to 0.2-0.25% Cu from 500 to 1000 m. Mo grade is variable and is somewhat antithetic to Cu grade. The secondary enrichment zone include 85% reserves. From 0.8% to 7.6% Cu and from 0.001% to 0.76% Mo occurs in the secondary enrichment zone and 0.2 to 0.5% Cu and 0.025 Mo% occurs in primary ore minerals. The highest grade part is a chalcocite blanket composed of quartz, white mica, pyrite, chalcopyrite with a well-developed quartz vein stockwork. Secondary chalcocite forms coatings on both pyrite and chalcopyrite. Potassic alteration occurs mainly in the deep part of deposit. An 39Ar/40Ar isotopic age for the deposit is 207 Ma (Early Jurassic). Yakovlev, 1977; Gavrilova and others, 1984, 1989; Sotnikov and others, 1985; Koval and Gerel, 1986; Gerel, 1989; Dejidmaa, 1996; Lamb and Cox, 1998. Mongolia M 48 34 Khujiryngol 49 08 20N 49.1388888888889 103 39 00E 103.65 Cu Pb, Zn, Ag Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Unknown Grade of 0.01-3.0% Cu, 0.1-8.0% Pb, 0.03-0.5% Zn, 1.0-60.0 g/t Ag, 0.001-0.005% W, locally up to 0.01% W. Orhon-Selenge Consists of widely distributed veins, stringers and breccia consisting of quartz, tourmaline-quartz and quartz-chlorite. They form a linear stockwork zone. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, hematite, magnetite, native copper, malachite, azurite, hetite, anglesite, cerussite, and chrysocolla. R.N. Goncharov and others, written commun., 1986. Mongolia M 48 35 Tsagaan dabaa 48 11 00N 48.1833333333333 106 04 00E 106.066666666667 W, Mo Sn, Be W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Resource of 3,497 tonnes WO3. Grade ranges from 0.1-12.6% WO3. Central Hentii Consists of quartz-wolframite veins and zones that occur in a multistage Late Triassic-Early Jurassic granite pluton. Veins mainly occur in the central elevated part of pluton that consists of fine-to medium-grained biotite and leucocratic granite. The veins are 2 km long, 200-500 m wide, occur at different hypsometric levels. The veins form are subhorizontal bodies dip gently S, SE and SW, parallel with pluton roof. Deposit minerals are wolframite, cassiterite, molybdenite and beryl and rare chalcopyrite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are garnet, fluorite and biotite. Associated greisen and silica alteration is common. Assemblage of biotite and fluorite is characteristic of the deposit. Khasin, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 48 36 Shand 48 46 30N 48.775 104 13 00E 104.216666666667 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Grade of 0.1-0.5% Cu, 0.0001%-0.1% Mo. Probable reserves of 500,000 tonnes Cu. Orhon-Selenge Consists of a Cu sulfide zone with surface dimensions of 350 by 1100 m. The zone occurs in the SW and western part and along the contact of a granodiorite porphyry stock. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, molybdenite, sphalerite, galena, magnetite and hematite. Grab grade from 0.1% to 1.0% Cu and from 0.001% to 0.015% Mo and up to 0.001% Ag. Core samples gradefrom 0.1% to 0.4-0.5%, Cu and from 0.0001% to 0.1% Mo. V.P. Arsentev and others, written commun., 1985. Mongolia M 48 37 Zuunturuu gol 48 52 30N 48.875 103 36 00E 103.6 Cu Ag Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Unknown Average grade of 0.11% Cu, up to 0.68% Cu, 9.0-26.0 g/t Ag. Unassigned Consists of 24 small quartz-epidote replacement lenses in andesite porphyry and tuff of Permian Khanui Seri formation. Native copper disseminations and malachite, azurite coatings occur in the lenses. Area is cut by faults that strike NW and NE and by syenite porphyry dikes. The thickness of the epidote-quartz replacement varies from 0.2-0.3 m to 1.0 m and the length varies from 0.3 m to 1.5 m. D. Tovuudorj and others, written commun., 1971. Mongolia M 48 38 Bulgan 48 52 00N 48.8666666666667 103 31 00E 103.516666666667 Cu Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Unknown Grade of 0.02-1.0% Cu-0.0008-0.003% Pb. Orhon-Selenge Consists of Cu mineralization in lens-like quartz -epidote veins and veinlets hosted by Upper Permian Khanui Seri volcanic rocks. The volcanics are andesite, basaltic andesite and tuff cut by a series of dikes of diorite porphyry, syenite-diorite porphyry and rhyolite. Veins 0.3 x 5.0 m in size contain malachite, azurite coatings and native copper impregnation. Tovuudorj and others, 1971; E. Burentogs and others, written commun., 1982. Mongolia M 48 39 Bumbat 48 16 25N 48.2736111111111 104 33 30E 104.558333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Probable resource of 16 tonnes Au. Grade ranges from 0.1-50.9 g/t Au, 0.5-8.9 g/t Ag. North Hentii 1 Consists of quartz veins in schist, amphibolite, and quartzite of the Zaamar Formation. The main vein strikes NE, dips steeply SE, is approximately 1.0 km long, ranges from 0.91 m to 8.26 m wide, and extends to 300 m below depth. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, gold, malachite, and azurite. Sulfides comprise approximately 2% of the vein. Main gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, and carbonate. The vein has a coarse banded texture. Grade ranges from 0.1-720.1 g/t Au and of 0.7-23.1 g/t Ag. A 400 m long bonanza occurs in the southwestern and the central parts of the vein. The vein is surrounded by alteration halos that range from 5.0-20.0 m thick. B. Purevsuren and others, written commun., 1992; Sh. Enkhbaatar and others, written commun., 1993; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; D. Terra and others, written commun., 1996; Enkhbaatar, 1998. Mongolia M 48 4 Baikalskoye 51 55 N 51.9166666666667 103 00 E 103 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Estimated reserves and resources to depth 1200 m are 288.8 million tonnes with average grade of 27.42% Fe. Sharizhalgaiskiy Deposit consists of 25 ore-bearing beds (150-3300 x 6-67 x 600-800m) of ferriferous quartzites in the sunclinal fold. The ore-bearing sequence consists of alternating crystalline schists and charnokites (AR1). There are two types of ores: (1) quartz-pyroxene-magmetite (to 50% of reserves); major magnetite (30-60%), partly hematite (3%), ilemnite (2%), rarely pyrite, markasite, spinel, rutile, apatite; (2) feldspar-pyroxene-quartz-magnetite (ores are strongly granitized), magmetite to 15-20%, the est are gangue minerals like quartz, plagioclase, kalispar, hypersthene, augite, biotite, smaller amount of muscovite, garnet, cummingtonite. Acessory minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, leucoxene, zircon, rutile, apatite. Grade P 0,01-0,03% and S 0,05-0,5%. The deposit is confined to the SW edge of the Sharyzhalagy prominence of archeaides. Uchitel and others, 1967, 1968; Shafeev and others, 1977; Saraev, 1972; Drobyshevsky and others, written commun.,;,1986; V.M. Speshilov and others, written commun., 1971. Russia M 48 40 Ormiin Tsagaan nuur 48 48 00N 48.8 102 55 00E 102.916666666667 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Grade of 0.001-0.01% Cu. :ocal rare grade of 0.1% Cu. North Mongolian Consists of weak Cu minerals in altered Late Permian rhyolite and dacite porphyry, their tuffs, tuffbreccia and ignimbrite of the Khustai unit, intruded by syenite porphyry, quartz porphyry stocks and granite and felsite dikes. Zones of intensive breccia, epidote alteration, silica alteration, limonitization and weak Cu minerals. Cu minerals occur in sublongitudinal zone with a length of 5.0-6.0 km and width of approximately 2.0 km. Host volcanic rock is altered to sericite, kaolinite and local intense silica. Three quartz-rich bodies, up to 10 m by 50 m, have weak chalcopyrite disseminations and malachite and azurite coatings. The grade of Cu varied from 0.001% to 0.01%, rare 0.1%. B. Gurlkhaajav and others, written commun., 1974. Russia M 48 41 Nariin-gol 48 06 07N 48.1019444444444 104 25 25E 104.423611111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 9.25-10.13 g/t Au, 2.48 g/t Ag. Reserves of 1.3 tonnes. North Hentii 1 Occurs in the SW nose of the Zaamar anticline axis hinge consisting mostly of the Zaamar Formation of early Paleozoic the Kharaa Group. This unit consists of amphibolite facies clastic rock with rare horizons of mafic composition volcanic rock (the lower subformation) and green schist (the upper subformation), intruded by synorogenic gabbro and granodiorite and granite intrusion of the early Paleozoic age Boroogol Complex and by Devonian granite. There are also widely distributed early Paleozoic diorite, diorite porphyry and plagiogranite dikes, Devonian microdiorite, diorite porphyry dikes and early Mesozoic diabase and spessartite dikes. Deposits and occurrences consist of concordant quartz veins with coarse banded texture that occur in a tectonic weak zone developed concordant between host clastic rock horizon. There are located the Nariingol deposit, the Bichigt khushuu and the Tsagaanchuluut group occurrences. Deposit consists of two main quartz veins, 41 and 422 that are concordant with host metamorphosed clastic rock. Visible deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and gold in rare disseminations. The vein is surrounded by 2.0-3.0 m thick alteration halos. The grade of Au ranges from 0.1 to 320 g/t. A high grade Au-bearing, 200 m long bonanza that occurs in the central part of the vein. Enkhbaatar,1998; Sh. Enkhbaatar and others, written commun., 1994. Mongolia M 48 42 Slyudyanskoe 51o38'N 51.6333333333333 103o43'E 103.716666666667 Phlogopite apatite (wollastonite, diopside) Phlogopite skarn Unknown Range of 5-50% raw phlogopite. Prisayanskiy Consists of 130 small bodies that are subdivided into 3 morphological genetic types. (1) veins (19 x 0.7 x 33 m) (main economic type), confined to transverse fractures or shears. Bodies consist of diopside (30%), scapolite (18%), phlogopite (50%), pargasite (2%), calcite, and apatite, and lesser orthoclase-pertite, tremolite, aktinolite, pyrite, barite, and quartz. Crystals of phlogopite (5-15 cm) occur in selvages of veins. (2) Singular veins (50-130 x 12-18 x 85 m) occur in extensive fractures with same composition other bodies. Crystals of phologopite range up to 1.5 m. (3) Metasomatic zones (100-260 m) occur in quartz-diopside schist on the contact with the bodies of migmatite. Zones consist of diopside, scapolite, fine-grained phlogopite, and calcite. Deposit covers 6 sq.km. and occurs along a linear tectonic structure (6000-8000 x 700-900 m) on NE side of syncline. The economic phlogopite deposit occurs in a zone of diopside and scapolite pyroxene-amphibole gneiss and schist alternating with Paleoproterozoic marble layers. Kalinin and others, 1939,1957; Korzhynskaya, 1958, Jorzhinsky, 1947; Sherman, 1969; Kalin and Markov, 1939; Chulkov and Yanchukovsky, 1962; Zamaraev, 1981q Russia M 48 5 Ereen 48 37 20N 48.6222222222222 106 31 30E 106.525 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 19.2 g/t Au. Reserves of 361 kg Au. Dzid-Selenginskiy Consists of two quartz veins that occur in a middle Palaeozoic rhyolite subvolcanic body. Quartz veins are surrounded by weak alteration halos. Vein 1 strikes NE and dips gently (35-45) SE, is 500 m long, and the thickness ranges from few cm to 1 m (average 0.25-0.35 m). Au grade ranges up to 409 g/t along strike and downdip. Higher grade (from 14 to 363.4 g/t Au occurs in middle and deep parts of the vein. Au is uneconomical at surface down to 40 m depth. The average grade of Au is 18-23 g/t in different blocks. Ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, scheelite, malachite, azurite, limonite, and gold. Free milling gold is associated with quartz, galena and arsenopyrite. Average size of visible Au is 1.0 mm. The second vein occurs in NE part of the deposit, strikes NE, and dips gently NW. The length of the second vein is 200 m, and the average thickness is 0.4 m. The second vein is exposed in trenches on the surface for 40 m. The average thickness of the vein is 1.0 m. The second vein is surrounded by silica-altered halos 7 m wide. Au grade ranges from 0.5 to 2.7 g/t. Deposit and Au reserves at adits No. 5 and No. 7: Deposit - 18834.0 t, Au - 361 kg with an average grade of 19.2 g/t Au, with average vein thicknessof 0.28 m. Deposit was mined out in 1915-1919 by "Mongolor" Joint Venture. A.I. Popov and others, written commun., 1962; A.,Kampe and others, written commun., 1968;Jargalsaihan and others 1996. Mongolia M 48 6 Tomortei 49 41 00N 49.6833333333333 107 16 00E 107.266666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 0.06-2.2% Fe, 0.01 -0.03% P. Reserves of 188 million tonnes ore grading 50.4-54.8% Fe. Bayangol Consists of ten lenses and layers of magnetite skarn in Late Riphean Darkhan Group metasandstone, schist, dolomite and dolomite-altered limestone. The bodies occur in a 1.0 x 6.0 km area at the southern contact of Permian(?) (or Devonian) syenite and granosyenite. The bodies are grouped into western, eastern and northern parts. The western and the eastern parts are located approximately 2.5 km from each other. The length on surface extension and average thickness of the western, eastern and northern parts is 520 m x 30 m, 1330 m x 55 m and 1600 x 60 m respectively. Skarn-magnetite bodies of the western part dip steeply (55-68ø), of the eastern part - gently (15-45ø) and of the northen part-steeply (80-87ø). Deposit is oxidized from 10 m to 50 m from surface. The grade of S ranges from 0.06% to 2.2%, of P-from 0.01% to 0.03%. Skarns are garnet-epidote, epidote-amphibole, garnet-epidote-actinolite, actinolite-tremolite with small amount of scapolite, pyroxenite. Main deposit mineral is magnetite, majors are martite, hematite and limonite. Filippova and Vydrin, 1977; N.A. Chebotarev and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 48 7 Bayangol 3 49 36 00 N 49.6 107 01 00E 107.016666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Reserves of 110 tonnes ore grading 34.6-57.1% Fe. Bayangol Consists of a magnetite skarn in the late Riphean Darkhan Group with sandstone, shale, and limestone. Deposit occurs along NW and SE branches of NE-trending Bayangol fault zone. Host rocks are locally, intensively replaced by an epidote-albite-actinolite assemblage in a zone that ranges from 9.0-10.0 km long. In the south, ten steeply-dipping magnetite skarns extend at least to a depth of 200 m. The East 1 body is 1900 by 20 by 66 m and consists of massive sulfide-magnetite, and the East 2 body is 1200 by 4.0 by 42 m and consists of stringers, disseminations, and masses of sulfide and magnetite. Eight ore bodies occur in the northwestern part of the deposit and consist mostly sulfide and magnetite in massive lenses. Grade is more 50% Fe in masses, approximately 34% Fe in stringers and disseminations, and more 55% Fe in oxidized martite and magnetite. Stringers and disseminations are developed mostly in microdiorite and diorite dikes. Ore minerals are mainly magnetite, and rare pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Also occurring is 0.13% to 4.0% S and up to 0.07% to 0.31% P. Filippova and others, 1977; N.A. Chebotarev and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 48 8 Oyut tolgoi 3 49 38 55N 49.6486111111111 106 38 30E 106.641666666667 Fe-Cu-Au B Fe skarn Unknown Grade of 4.0-9.0g/t Au, 40.0-73.0 g/t Ag, 0.003-0.022% B in skarn. Range of 120.0-1570.0 g/t Au in monofraction sulphides samples. In channel samples, average grade of -0.38-3.75% Cu, -0.04-0.53% S, 0.01-0.1% B. Bayangol Occurrence hosted in Vendian to Early Cambrian marble, dolomite, schist and quartzite (chert) intruded by early Palaeozoic ultramafic rock, peridotite, pyroxenite, gabbro, diorite. Monzonite and quartzic syenite are formed in contact between diorite and carbonate rock. Magnesium and overprinted calcic skarns occur in contact between diorite and dolomite. Boron-Fe (ludwigite-magnetite) minerals are related to magnesium skarn and gold-Cu minerals are related to calcic skarn. Skarns show following construction from intrusive to host rock: diorite, apomagnesium skarn (diopside-augite-grossular-andradite), altered calciphyre (carbonate-serpentine-brucite) or altered dolomite and calciphyre (carbonate-forsterite-spinel-clinogumite-serpentine-brusite-apatite-magnetite-magnesium ludwigite-cotoite) and forsterite skarn intruded by quartz syenite. Deposit minerals are magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, malachite and galena in altered magnesium skarn. Buryblin and others, 1959; Podlessky and others, 1988; B.N. Podkolzin and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 48 9 Bulagtai 50 16 00N 50.2666666666667 104 22 00E 104.366666666667 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Not available. Mined out. Dzid-Selenginskiy Consists of W-Mo-quartz veins related to the Bulagtai granite pluton and occur in the contact with host rocks. Khasin, 1977. Mongolia M 49 1 Ara-Ilinskoe 50 56 N 50.9333333333333 113 17 E 113.283333333333 Au As, Ag, Bi Porphyry Au Small Onon-Turinskiy Consists veinlets and stockwork that are hosted in a cryptovolcanic diatreme that contains extrusive units (trachyliparites), subvolcanic bodies (dikes of quartz porphyries, diorite porphyry, and diorite stock), and explosive units (breccia with clasts of fragmented granite). All units in diatreme are altered to beresite. Gold occurs in cement of breccias as phenocrysts and in veinlets along with quartz, carbonate, and minor sulfides (3%). The sulfides arearsenopyrite and pyrite with lesser chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galenite, and tetrahedrite. The granite contains tourmaline. Gold is ditributed irregularly, 80% as free state in quartz grains, 20% in sulfides. Fineness of gold si 784-880. The deposit occurs along the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture. Fogelman, 1964, 1968; G.V.Shubin, 1984. Russia M 49 10 Lubavinskoye 49 38 06N 49.635 112o10'E 112.166666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Grade from a few to several hundred ppm Au. Onon-Turinskiy Consists of saddle-shaped gold-quartz veins, dikes and local stockwork. The veins are subdivided into extensive veins that extend some hundred m that dip steeply and short brecciated veins that extend tens of m and dip gently. The former occur in shears often parallel to layering of host rock, whereas the latter occur rupture fractures, Thickness of both types ranges from a few centim to 1-5.2 m in swells. Deposit is hosted in weakly metamorphosed sandstone and shale that is intruded by intermediate and siliceous granitoids dikes and stocks. The highest concentration of veins occur adjacent to small granitoid stock. Gold occurs in veins in columns. The veins consist of quartz with minor (0.5-4.0%) sulphides with lesser ankerite, siderite and barite. The primary deposit minerals are gold, arsenopyrite and pyrite with lesser galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, gray ore, Pb and Sb sulfosalts, pyrrhotite, Pb, Bi and Bi meneginite and sulfoantimonite and local scheelite, cassiterite, molybdenite and cinnabar. Gold occurs as free gold in quartz (70%), in intergrowths with sulfides and dispersed. The deposit minerals occur in breccia, layeres and disseminations. Main alterations are beresite and silica. Deposit occurs along the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture. Bindeman, 1968; Kitaev, 1977; Shubin, 1984. Russia M 49 11 Gurvanbulag 49 02 00N 49.0333333333333 113 58 00E 113.966666666667 U Volcanic-hosted U Medium Reserves of 16,500 tonnes U grading 0.172% U. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 17 U bodies in a Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rock sequence. Bodies have an average thickness of 3.5 m and occur in two tabular beds in an area of 3 sq. km. Host rock consist of 100-400 m thick sequence of tuffaceous sedimentary rock overlain by 300-800 m of siliceous volcanic rock. U ranges from 0.05% to 1.3%. Major ore minerals are coffinite, nasturan, and uranophane. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Ochirbat, 1998. Mongolia M 49 12 Baruunkhujirtyn gol 49 18 00 N 49.3 112 42 30 E 112.708333333333 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Up to 5.0 g/t Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The occurrence is localised in sub-latitudinal oriented tectonic weak fault zone that is the border between the Ereendavaa uplift and the Mesozoic graben. The territory of the occurrence consists of Proterozoic metamorphic and magmatic rocks represented gneiss, amphibolite, marbled limestone and gneissed granite. The occurrence represents a Seri of lens-like, white and white-grey colour, quartz veins with epithermal sulfide mineralisation. The veins are up to 1.0 - 3.0 m thick and up to 50.0 m long, and they dip gently. Ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, rare stibnite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, sheelite and galena. Free visible gold was defined in heavy concentrate samples prepared from veins. By spectrometry were defined: 0.02 - 0.05% Zn, up to 0.01% W, up to 0.03% Cu, up to 0.1 - 1.0% As, and up to 0.3% Sb. In channel and rock chip samples: from 0.01 g/t to 5.0 g/t Au, and up to 3.0 - 5.0 g/t Ag. By drill holes, were discovered intensive crushed, cut quartz veinlets, kaolinitized and carbonatized rocks of width 10 - 20 m with Au grade from 0.01 g/t to 0.2 g/t. More high or 1.0 - 5.0 g/t grade of Au is related to quartz veins. Sublatitudinal oriented zone of quartz breccia of length 400 m and of thickness approximately 2.0 - 3.0 m, is located 0.6 - 0.7 km in east of above mentioned quartz vein Seri. Breccia contains a lot inclusions of host gneiss-like granite. Samples of the zone, by spectrometry, contained 0.01 - 0.04 g/t of Au, up to 0.1% of As, 0.001 - 0.003% of Sb, and up to 0.004% of W. B.V. Shekin and others, written commun.,1985 Mongolia M 49 13 Shumilovskoe 50o08'NN 50.1333333333333 110o03' 110.05 W Sn, (Mo, Bi) Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.28% WO3 in greisen, 0.85% WO3 in quartz vein. Onon-Chikoiskiy Contains 30 W greisen bodies and 50 quartz-wolframite-cassiterite veins with dimensions of 10 by 700 by 0.2 m. The greisen body has dimensions of 600 by 500 m, is concealed and dips gently to 70 to 140 m depth. The greisen occurs in a superdomal zone that covers an area of 2.5 sq.km. and contains a stockwork in Early and Middle Jurassic Li-F granite. Other greisens occur on the surface and have dimensions of 1-280 by 5-10 m. Most widespread are mica-quartz, mica-topaz-quartz and topaz-quartz greisen. The main deposit mineral is wolframite with lesser cassiterite and molybdenite, pyrite and sphalerite and lesser chalcopyrite and galena.Non-metalliferous minerals are quartz, Li mica (0.85% Li2O) topaz, fluorite (3.7-4.6% F. Also occurring is anomalous Rb, Ta, Ni, Mo, Bi and Cu. Short quartz veins (40-60 m long) occur along the periphery of the dome, dip gently and range from 0.05 to 0.6 m thick. These veins contain wolframite and cassiterite and lesser scheelite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, bismuthite, galena and fluorite. Gangue minerals are quartz, muscovite and fluorite and rare topaz. Gaivoronsky, 1995; Levitsky, 1964; Omeljanenko and others, 1973; Getmansky, Chernov, 1976; Skursky, 1996. Russia M 49 14 Kunaleiskoye 5018 N 50.1333333333333 110 01 E 110.016666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.8-2.0% WO3. Onon-Chikoiskiy Consists of 50 variably-trending, steeply-dipping quartz volframite veins (20-400x0.05-1.2 m) in the exocontact of stock (700-400 m) of granite porphyry (Early and Middle Jurassic). The major depsit minerals are wolframite and scheelite. Minor minerals are molybdenite, bismuthine, kozalite and arsenopyrite with lesser pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Gauge minerals: quartz of four generations, sericite-zhilbertite, feldspar, beryllium and calcite and lesser fluorite and apatite. Alterations are quartz-muscovite greisen rims and zones of sulfide alteration. The host rock is Cambrian quartz-biotite schist and siltstone, that contain horblende in the exocontact zone of granite stock. Deposit occurs on NE side of the large Daurian granitic domal uplift. Grigoriev and Dolomanova, 1955; Grigoriev, 1957; Dolomanova, 1959; Scheglov, 1966; Barabanov, 1975; Skursky, 1996. Russia M 49 15 Delberkhei bulag 48 52 00N 48.8666666666667 112 16 00E. 112.266666666667 Au-Fe Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 0.1-8.0 g/t Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The territory of the occurrence occupies 10 sq. km area consisting of Permian granite. There are hematite, quartz - hematite, chlorite - hematite - quartz and quartz - tourmaline - hematite mineralised zones localised in NW-oriented tectonic weak fault zones. The zone No.1 is located in the north-eastern part of the territory of the occurrence. It is 350 m long and 100 - 200 m wide. Hematitized, silicified and crushed granodiorite contains from 0.05 - 0.1 m to 0.5 m thick, 40.0 - 80.0 m long quartz-hematite veinlets and veins. By Blagonravov, et. al. ( 1968 ), in vein of thickness 0.5 m. was defined 8.0 g/t Au by fire-assay analyse. In other veins by gold-spectrometry, were defined from 0.5 g/t to 1.0 g/t Au. The zone follows soil complex anomaly of Au, Ag, Zn, Bi and W. The zone No. 2 is located 0.3 km in SE of the zone No. 1. It strikes in NW-SE trend, and it is 350 m long and 50 m wide. Host granite is crushed, silicified, and hematitized. Soil anomaly of Au of 0.06 - 0.3 g/t and of 150 m by 400 m size, coincides with the zone. Besides Au, there was defined complex anomaly of Ag ( 0.1 - 0.3 g/t ) - Pb (0.002% ). Geochemical association related to the zone, represents Ba-Pb-Ag-Zn-Cu-Sn shows that there is developed silver - polymetallic and gold mineralisation, or there is discovered ore level erosion. The zone No. 3 is located in the central part of the occurrence. It is 1.5 km long and 150 - 300 m wide. It also strikes in to NW. hematitized, pyritized and silicified granite contains from 0.03 - 0.05 m to 0.01 - 0.1 m thick and from 10.0 m to 100 m long quartz-hematite, tourmaline-hematite-magnetite and hematite-tourmaline-quartz veins and veinlets. Veins and veinlets dip gently ( 10 - 400 ) in NE. Ore minerals are hematite ( 20 - 80% ), rare pyrite, more rare chalcopyrite, magnetite. Hematite veins contained from 0.007 - 1.0 g/t to 10.2 g/t Au. The zone follows soil anomaly of Au ( 0.006 - 0.6 g/t ) - Ag - Sn - Bi, of size 0.2 km by 0.7 km. Free gold grains in hematite. The zone No. 4 of length 250 m and of width 20 - 100 m consists of hematitized and silicified granite. The grade of Au was up to 0.1 g/t. The zone coincides gold soil anomaly with 0.01 - 0.1 g/t grade. The zone No. 5 is 0.5 km long and 30 - 130 m wide, and it is localised in contact of granite. In rock chip and grab samples were defined anomaly contents of Sn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag, W. The zone follows 0.006 - 0.01 g/t grade gold soil anomaly and complex soil anomaly of Pb, Zn, Sn, Ag and Bi. The zone No. 6 of length 1.2 km, consists of 4 tectonic weak mineralised zones. These zones are crushed, chloritized, limonitized, hematitized and silicified. In channel and grab samples, were defined 0.2 - 1.0 g/t Au, Pb, Zn. Cu, W, Sn ( up to 0.1% ), Ag ( up to 20.0 g/t ). The zone follows soil Au anomaly ( 0.006 - 0.1 g/t ), and complex anomaly of Pb-Zn-Ag-Sn-Bi. In heavy concentrate sample of 12 kg, prepared from hematitized zone, were determined: 2586 g hematite, and grains of galena, cerussite, arsenopyrite, molybdenite, bismuthine, cassiterite, sheelite, and grains of Au of size up to 0.1 mm. B.A. Blagonravov and others, written commun., 1968; B.V. Shekin and others, written commun., 1985, S. Chuluunsukh and others, written commun., 1988. Mongolia M 49 16 Narsan hundlun 48 44 00N 48.7333333333333 112 32 00E 112.533333333333 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Resources of 30,000 tonnes grading 0.4-0.5% Sn. Resources of 25,000 tonnes grading 0.3-10% Sn. Eastern Mongolian-Preargunskiy Consists of quartz-chlorite and quartz-tourmaline metasomatite developed along small-scale faults in the Jurassic granite pluton that intrudes Devonian volcanic rock. The Sn content varies from 0.01 to 9.0%. Different types of deposition separated spatially and temporally occur, including cassiterite-tourmaline-quartz, cassiterite-quartz-chlorite, quartz-beryl, cassiterite-sulfide, greisen-Mo-Sn and monomineral quartz type. The cassiterite-silicate deposition is of economic importance. About 20 metasomatite zones occur in the district (25 sq.km.) These zones are concentrated on 5 separate areas: Northwest, Left-bank, Eastern and Southern localities forming a structure called Zurkh and the Southern locality, that is separated from the above groups. Bodies are composed of quartz, chlorite, tourmaline, muscovite, sericite, fluorite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and rare topaz. Quantitative proportion of minerals are widely variable. Cassiterite occurs highly erratically throughout the deposit, forms a fine-grained disseminatins and occasional nests up to 5 mm across. The content of Sn varies from 0.4 to 0.8%. The principal assemblages are cassiterite-chlorite and cassiterite-tourmaline. The latter is enriched in fluorite. A cassiterite-chlorite-sulfide assemblage occurs where the cassiterite-chlorite type is enriched in sulfides. Most bodies consist of cassiterite-chlorite. Cassiterite-tourmaline and cassiterite-tourmaline-fluorite assemblages occur locally. Bodies occuring in uplifted blocks are eroded and in volcanic rocks are less affected by erosion and extend to a depth of 200 m. Sn-bearing bodies are characterized by small sizes: they extend for 60-500 m along strike and 200 m downdip, they average 0.8-2.5 m thickness and 0.15-1.5% Sn. Sn resources range from 100 to 1600 tonnes. Khasin, 1977, Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 49 17 Ikh-Khajuu 49 15 00N 49.25 109 40 00E 109.666666666667 Sn, W Mo Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Reserves of 30, 000-40,000tonnes grading 1-5% asbestos. Central Hentii Consists of cassiterite-wolframite veins, veinlets, and greisen that occur along the contact of granite pluton and host Devonian-Early Carboniferous clastic rock. Deposit occurs in tectonic breccia and mylonite with fragments of granite and schist in a deformed zoned that extends 50 m along strike and is 3-4 m wide. This zone is cut by veinlets of fine-grained granite porphyry and silica-altered greisen that contains cassiterite, scheelite, pyrrhothite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite, and rare molybdenite. Khasin, 1977. Mongolia M 49 18 Zuuntartsgol 49 10 00N 49.1666666666667 109 35 00E 109.583333333333 W, Sn Mo, Be Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.03% W, 022-2.65% Sn, 0. 003% Mo. Resources of 89.4 tonnes Sn, 35.9 tonnes WO3. Central Hentii Consists of complex wolframite-cassiterite veins related to Jurassic granite pluton. Pluton consists of two mica leucocratic granite and granite porphyry, often with tourmaline. There are four types of veins: the most common are quartz-wolframite veins with wolframite, scheelite and molybdenite. Second type consists of muscovite, tourmaline, fluorite and rare beryl. Deposit minerals are wolframite and beryl. The third type consists of thick quartz veinlets with wolframite and cassiterite. The fourth type is quartz-molybdenite veinlets. Dominant alteration is greisen alteration and rare silica alteration. Khasin, 1977. Mongolia M 49 19 Upper Kumyr 49 20 00N 49.3333333333333 109 05 00E 109.083333333333 Sn, W Mo, Be W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Production of 877 tonnes Sn, 1,022 tonnes WO3. Onon-Chikoiskiy Consists of quartz-wolframite, quartz-wolframite-cassiterite and quartz-molybdenite-beryl veins that occur at the contact along and in a granite pluton. The veins occurring in the granite pluton are bordered by a greisen zone that ranges up to 5-7 cm thick and contains molybdenite, cassiterite and basobismutite. Fragments of quartz and silica-altered breccia with wolframite also occur in the host rock. Khasin, 1977, Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 49 2 Bom-Gorhonskoye 51 18 N 51.3 109 20 E 109.333333333333 W Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.5-1.0% WO3. Khilokskiy Consists of a series of gently-dipping quartz-hubnerite veins that occur in three extended subparallel areas. The veins contain quartz (to 85 to 95%), large-tabular hubnerite (to 5 to 10 cm), muscovite, molybdenite, and fluorite. Less widespread are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and kozalite. The deposit is hosted in the southeastern endocontact of a Late Triassic to Early Jurassic granitoid pluton. Granite that forms the first phase the pluton hosts the deposit. The granite exhibits alteration to greisen, K-feldlspar, muscovite, and silica. The three areas consist of: (1) a central area with quartz-hubnerite and numerous dikes of Early Jurassic granite, diorite and quartz porphyry; (2) the Cheremshansky area that in addition has a quartz-molybdenite deposit; and (3) the Kluch area with a Mo-W stockwork deposit. V.I.Sizykh, 1995; N.A.Ageev, U.A.Korchagin, 1975; A.A.Belogolovkin, 1977; D.O.Ontoev, 1974; Barabanov, 1975; Skursky, 1996. Russia M 49 20 Bayanzurkh 48 08 35 N 48.1430555555556 111 27 45 E 111.4625 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Grade of 0.01-0.4 g/t Au, locally 1.0 -6.0 g/t Au, 2.0-40.0 g/t Ag, locally 500 g/t Ag, up to 0.02-0.03% Mo; up to 0.2% Zn, up to 0.05% Pb. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The territory of the occurrence consists of early Paleozoic granite of the Kherlen complex and overlaying on the latter Permian acidic volcanics of the Gazar Formation. There are wide distributed NE-oriented, steep SE - dipping, pyritized, 2.0 - 3.0 m wide and 100 - 500 m long diabase dikes in the western part of the occurrence. Ore-controlling NE- and sublongitudinal oriented fault structures include silicified zones, and over 30 quartz and quartz-fluorite veins. NE-oriented, 200 - 300 m wide tectonic weak zone located in western part of the territory of the occurrence followed silicification, brecciation and limonitization, and pink-white colour, fine-grained, rare chalcedony-like, quartz and quartz-breccia 8 veins of length from 100 - 200 m to 1000 m, and of thickness 0.5 - 2.5 m. Sub-longitudinal oriented quartz and quartz-fluorite veins same to above mentioned, are distributed in the central part of the occurrence. In heavy concentrate samples prepared from rock chips, were defined 1 - 2 grains of gold and from 1 - 2 to 20 grains of native silver. Free gold grains size was 0.01 - 0.05 mm. V.A. Bublik and others, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 49 21 Khavtgai 48 02 00N 48.0333333333333 111 22 04E 111.367777777778 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Medium Grade of 32.78-48.41% CaF2. Reserves of 252,000 tonnes, resources of 50,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of quartz-fluorite veins in a NE-trending, steeply-dipping zone of silica and kaolinite alteration in a late Paleozoic granitoid. Bodies vary from 2-6 m thick and several hundred m long. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, kaolinite, and calcite. Ts.Tseden. written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 49 3 Tarbaldzheiskoe 49o46'N 49.7666666666667 112o29'E 112.483333333333 Sn Pb, Sn, W Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 0.75% Sn, 0.5-16% Pb; 1.6-24% Zn; 0.05-0.3% WO3. Onon-Turinskiy Consists of three stockworks and a series of veins. The largest stockwork is 350-400 m wide and 400-800 m long. The stockworks consists of: thin subparallel veinlets with quartz, cassiterite and arsenopyrite and rare fluorite, topaz, muscovite, pyrite, wolframite, beryl; and bodies of explosive breccia with quartz, orthoclase and fluorite, rare wolframite. Deposit is interpreted as a complicated cassiterite-sulfide body that is overprinted by Sn greisen. The veins have dimensions of 50 by 600 by 0.1-0.5 m and contain assemblages of feldspar-fluorite-quartz (quartz, orthoclase, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite), polymetallic (quartz, chlorite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, cassiterite, stannine, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite) and quartz (quartz, fluorite, galena, sphalerite, native gold) composition. The veins occur in the superdomal part of a hidden Mesozoic granitoid stock that occurs along a regional fault. The host rock is metamorphosed Middle Permian through Early Tertiary sandstone and shale on the southern side of the fault and by Silurian to Early Evonian sedimentary rock on the southern side that are altered to greisen, K-feldspar, silica and sulfides. Middle Triassic through Late Jurassic quartz porphyry, lamprophyre and porphyry dikes are widespread. Deposit contains anomalous Pb, Zn, As, Ag, W, Cu, Bi, Au, Be, Li and CaF2. Smirnov, 1937; Radkevich, 1941; Ontoev, 1960. Russia M 49 4 Tsagaanchuluut khudag II 49 27 30N 49.4583333333333 113 24 00E 113.4 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Up to 10.0-30.0 g/t Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurs along a sublatitudinal weak fault zone that occurs between Proterozoic basement and a late Mesozoic graben. Deposit consists of a zone of quartz breccia, veinlets and crystalline and porcelain quartz veins. The veins and breccia are variably-trending and are extensively developed in early Paleozoic cataclastic granite and form a stockwork. The zone ranges from 0.1-3.0 m wide and 10 to few hundreds m wide. Grade ranges up to 0.1-0.5 g/t Au and altered zones range up to 10.0-30.0 g/t Au. Altered zones consist of limonitie and are intensely deformed. Samples with high grade Au contain high grade of Pb, Zn, Mo, As and Ag. Togtokh and others, 1974; Schekin and others, 1985. Mongolia M 49 5 Ugtam 49 16 07N 49.2686111111111 113 48 55E 113.815277777778 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Contains up to 1.0 g/t Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 10 quartz-fluorite-sulfide breccia bodies in a brecciated, silica-altered zone in Mesozoic felsic volcanic rock. The zone follows the NW-trending Ugtam fault. Breccia bodies are 0.1-20 m thick and occur in area 1.2 km by 380 m. The grade of Au ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 g/t and the grade of Mo up to 0.03%. A.I. Gusev and others, written commun., 1978. Mongolia M 49 6 Khapcheranga 49 44 N 49.7333333333333 112 21E 112.35 Sn Pb, Zn, W Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 0.75% Sn, 0.3-25% Pb, 1-25% Zn, 0.01-0.17% Cd, 11-600 ppm Ag . Production of over 10,000 tonnes of metal. Deposit prospected to the depth 475 m; developed to 400 m depth. Onon-Turinskiy Consists of 20 extensive (to 1100 m) veins with thickness of 0.4-0.5 m, in swells 1.5-2.0 m in steeply-dipping shears with a NWN strike, and 50 small, variably-trending veins on the southern flank of the deposit. Major minerals are cassiterite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and galena; less common are chalcopyrite, pyrite, stannite, ferebrite, and marcasite; minor molybdenite, lellingite, magnetite, bismutine, gray ore, and argentite; and very rare hydrothermal kavalerite, tantalite, hematite, and monazite. Non-metalliferous mlnerals are quartz, muscovite, topaz, chlorite, microcline, albite, biotite, fluorite, calcite, tourmaline, and epidote. Vein occurs along southern exocontact of a stock (2 sq.km. area) of Middle Jurassic granite porphyry with greisen in apical part. The veins are multi-staged, and have a mineral zonation defined by the distance from the contact of the granite stock: zone 1 has apical Sn-W greisen; zone 2 contains quartz-feldspar with arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, cassiterite, and sphalerite; zone 3 contains sulfate-cassiterite-chlorite with pyrrhotite and sphalerite,an economic assemblage; and zone 4 has carbonate-sphalerite-galena with cinnabar and antimonite. The enclosing rock consists of quartz-altered and chlorite-altered sandstone and shale of Early and Middle Triassic age that is sheared in a sublatitudinal anticlinal fold Temeretskaya, 1939; Radkevich, 1947; Rudakobva, 1973; Smirnov, 1937; Ontoev, 1974; Gongalsky and Sergeev, 1995; Skursky, 1996. Russia M 49 7 Emtinbulag 49 27 00N 49.45 113 02 00E 113.033333333333 Ba Barite vein Unknown Grade of 70-80% BaSO4. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of quartz-barite and barite veins in fine-grained biotite granite. The barite occurrence stlikes NE, is 10-60 m long, and 1-2-m thick. The barite is nodular to laminated and ranges up to 15x20 cm thick. The age of the deposit is interpreted as early Mesozoic. Kleiner and others, 1977; Togtokh and Gansukh, 1973; Shaandar and others, written commun., 1992. Mongolia M 49 8 Tsairyn 49 11 20N 49.1888888888889 113 42 30E 113.708333333333 Au Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Up to 20 g/t Au, up to 1.0 kg/t Ag, up to 1.0-11.0% Pb, up to 1.0% Zn, up to 0.8% Cu. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of gold and other minerals in a steeply-dipping silica- and sulfide alteration zone following a fault. Host rock is Proterozoic schist, marbled limestone and gneiss in the Mesozoic Ugtam volcano-tectonic structure. Deposit extends 200 m down-dip and 1500 m along strike. The thickness of host interval ranges from 3.0 m to 8.0 m. Ts. Tseden, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 49 9 Bayandun 49 14 50 N 49.2472222222222 113 22 20 E 113.372222222222 Zn, Fe Cd, In Fe-Zn skarn Medium Grade of 25% Fe, 4-7.1% Zn. Reserves of 240,000 tonnes ore. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of numerous, steeply-dipping lenticular bodies of Fe Zn skarn that occurs along the contact between Devonian limestone and early Mesozoic subalkaline granite. The size of skarn bodies ranges from 40 by 100m to 100 by 800m. The bodies extend 100 m downdip. The sulfide-bearing skarn ranges from 100 to 300 m wide and extends for several hundred meters. The major ore minerals are sphalerite and magnetite. Gangue minerals are garnet, pyroxene, amphibole, quartz, and calcite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 50 1 Novo-Shirokinskoye 51o36'N 51.6 118o42'E 118.7 Pb, Au Zn, Ag, Cu, Cd, In, Se, Te Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal metasomatite Medium Average grade of 3.53% Pb, 1.35% Zn, 3.11 ppm Au, 62 ppm Ag ; 0.25% Cu, 3.47 ppm Cd, 9.77 ppm In, 3.75 ppm Se, 6.44 ppm Te. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a thick metasomatic zone of listvenite-beresite and sulfides that occurs in en-echelon branching bodies. The zone is hosted in trachyandesite latite volcanic rock that is intruded by small stocks and dikes of diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry and lamprophyre. The host rock is propiliticaly-altered to quartz, chlorite and dolomite. The zone extends for over 6 km, varies from 20 to 300 m thick and has no clear outlines. The sulfide bodies occur in pipes, nests, lenses and veins, extend along strike for 1500 m and range from 1.5 to 30 m thick. The sulfides occur in layers, streaks and disseminations. Sulfide bodies consist of 60-80% pyrite, galena and sphalerite with local sulphosalt, quartz and dolomite. The sulfide body structures are massive, banded, dense disseminations, spots and coliform. Streaks and disseminations form haloes around massive sulfides, but commonly form independent bodies with irregular distribution of sulfides. Several assemblages occur: tourmaline; pyrite with Au (pyrite, rare aresonpyrite and chalcopyrite); polymetallic with Au (pyrite, galena, sphalerite, quartz, carbonates); sulphosalt with Au (gray ore, tetrahedrite, shwartzite, tennatite, cleiophane, dolomite); and realgar-antimonite with Au and Hg-barite-antimonite. Gold is fine-grained and occurs in sulfides. Oxidation zone occurs to a depth of 16 m. Kormilitsyn and Ivanova, 1968; Sanin and Zorina, 1980; Tauson, Gundobin, Zorina, 1987. Russia M 50 10 Zapokrovskoye 50 49 N 50.8166666666667 119 10 E 119.166666666667 As Carbonate-hosted As-Au metasomatite Medium Grade of 6.93% As in primary ore, from 2.2-9.65% As in oxidized ore. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of various bodies As-Au minerals that occur in fractured veins, pillars, pipes, nests and lenses that are hosted in carbonate rock, primarily along the contacts between marble and schist and other sedimentary rock. The bodies occur along faults and have sharp and folded contacts. The bodies extend along strike for about 20 to 250 m and 300 down dip. The main gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and dolomite. In swells, the bodies are banded with alternating bands of grey quartz with rare disseminations of arsenopyrite and bands with massive arsenopyrite that contains nests of quartz and inclusions of host rock. Along faults that bound veins is local serpentine. An oxidation zone occurs from 5-20 m depth. Oxidized deposit minerals are scorodite and red-brown ochres. Limestone in the southern part of the deposit is intruded by the Zapokrovsky monzonite intrusion that also contains metasomatic hybride quartz syenite with local skarn along contacts. Deposit is cut by numerous dikes of quartz porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry and lamprophyre. Alterations consist of zones of dolomite, serpentine, silica, ankerite, chlorite, sericite and kaolinite. Smirnov, 1961; Zavorotnykh and Titov, 1963. Russia M 50 11 Gurulevskoe 50 48 N 50.8 119 10 E 119.166666666667 As Ag, Au Carbonate-hosted As-Au metasomatite Medium Average grade of 8.4% As, 17.4 ppm Ag, range of 1.0-15.14 ppm Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of steeply dipping veins in carbonate rock (often along contacts with dikes of granite porphyry and lamprophyre). The bodies strike over 370 m and downdip for 320 m, and thickness varies from 3 m to a few mm. The major ore minerals are pyrite and arsenopyrite, with lesser galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotit with local economic gold. The major gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, and dolomite. The bodies have simple zonal or banded structure. The former encloses quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite masses, and the selvages contain sheared clay, talc, and serpentine. The latter contain bands or lenses of disseminated and continuous arsenopyrite with quartz alternating with bands or lenses of nearly pure pyrite and pyrrhotite, or disseminated and continuous galena-sphalerite-calcite assemblages with pyrite and arsenopyrite. The zone of oxidation is 50 m deep. Oxidized ore minerals are scorodite, limonite, talc, jarosite, and rare cerussite. Hosting limestone contains interbedded shale. The, in the wetern part the deposit is intruded by monzonite. Skarn occurs along the contacts. In the center of the deposit are numerous dikes of granite porphyry, diorite porphyry, and lamprophyre. Deposit contains zones of dolomite, serpentinization, silica, ankerite, chlorite, sericite, kaolinite, talc alterations. Smirnov, 1961; Zavorotnykh and Titov, 1963. Russia M 50 12 Oktjabrskoye 50o47'N 50.7833333333333 119o10'E 119.166666666667 As Pb, An, Ag, In, Cd, Ga, Ge, Tl Carbonate-hosted As-Au metasomatite Large Average grade of 6.3% As, 3.7% Pb, 4.4% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a major vein confined to the fracture of shearing in carbonate rock and a large number of lenticular subparallel quartz veins. The dimensions of bodies over strike 80-100 m, dipping 250 m, thickness 2-3 m. Predominant deposit minerals are arsenopyrite and pyrite. Subordinate minerals-galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, gray ore. Major vein minerals are quartz, calcite and dolomite.The vein mainly consists of arsenopyrite-pyrite-quartz. Local veins cut pyroxene-garnet skarn along the contacts of limestone and shale with disseminated galena and sphalerite. Limestone and shale occur in the center of the deposit are cut by stocks of diorite and granodiorite, numerous dikes of granite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry and lamprophyre. The near-deposit a;terations are zones of dolomite alteration, serpentinization, silica alteration (including quartzite), ankerite alteration, chlorite alteration, sericite alteration, kaolinite alteration and talc alteration. Zavorotnykh and Titov, 1963. Russia M 50 13 Delmachik 51 55 N 51.9166666666667 115 43 E 115.716666666667 Au Sb, Bi, Te Porphyry Au Small Grading from units to tens ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy The deposit is confined to a thick zone of mylonitized volcanics (J2-3) in place of its intersection with dyke-like body of quartz porphyries. The main commercial type of ore is stockwork-disseminated mineralisation in brecciated and fractured rocks. This mineralization is located along the fault zones, zones of mylonitization, as well as near volcanic chambers of central type or breccias of gas explosions. Many thin ore veins and veinlets are also elongated across the zone of mylonitization. The ores are referred to the gold-quartz type with tourmaline, carbonates and minor amount of sulfides as galena, sphalerite, pyrite, grey ore, tellurides, bismuthine or sulfur-bismuthine, in places chalcopyrite, in the nests they are replaced by pyrite and arsenopyrite. Gold of high finess, visible in quartz, irregularly disseminated. The age of this mineralisation is Middle-Late Jurassic. In the sites of explosive activity the Early Cretaceous gold-bearing antimonite and antimonite-sulfoantimonite, essentially sulfide to low-sulfide mineral type with zones of silicification, veins and veinlets of chalcedony-like quartz. Veins of antimonite occur in places. The circum-ore alterations -beretisation, argillisation. Fogelman, 1968; Gorzhevsky and Fogelman, 1970; Tomofeevskiy, 1972. Russia M 50 14 Taseyevskoe 51o34'N 51.5666666666667 116o38'E 116.633333333333 Au Ag, Sb, Se, Te, Hg Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Range of a few ppm to some hundred ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Occurs on border ofe Baleysky deposit and is part of a multi-root deposit, with bodies located at different depths. Consists of large steeply-dipping deposits, each consisting of "trunk" extensive veins and a series of small veins and veinlets accompanied by the halo of veinlets and disseminations. Deposit extends along strike for 1-2 km, downdip to 700-1000 m, with a thickness of severn tens of m. Gangue minerals are adularia, chalcedony, quartz, kaolinite, carbonate, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and marcasite. Some gold-enriched areas contain antimonial sulphosalts Cu, Pb, Ag, the major ones are pyrargyrite and gray ore. Sulfides comprise 0.5-1.5%. Chalcedony forms original tabular and thin-banded structures of colomorph type. Carbonate is thin tabular. Gold has low finess (680-780), finely dispersed, high Ag (to electrum), quartz-associated. Deposit occurs in poorly metamorphosed volcanogenous-sedimentary sequence of the Baley grabe in the zone of Mongol-Okhotsk suture. Formation of the deposit is related to Early Cretaceous rifting. Host rock is altered during propilitic, beresite and argillie alteration. Petrovskaya and others, 1961; Yurgenson and Grabeklis, 1995; Skursky, 1996. Russia M 50 15 Baleyskoe 51 34 N 51.5666666666667 116 37 E 116.616666666667 Au AGg Sb, Se, Te, Hg Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Grade of a few ppm to several hundred ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of quartz veins and zones of small veinlet and stockwork mineralization. Ore bodies are located in concentric gently-lying zones and in steeply dipping ruptured fractures. The former represent lenticular short and thin quartz veins,. the latter have complicated morphology. In the northern part of the deposit differently oriented veins in granitoids produce stockwork (about 1 sq.km) extended over vertical line. In places ore pillar are the case. Mineralization is penetrated by boreholes to 0.8-1 km depth. Ore is composed of adular, chalcedony, quartz, kaolinite, carbonate, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, markasite. In places there are gold-enriched stibial sulphosalts Cu, Pb, Ag, the most predominant are pyrargyrite and grey ore. Sulfides make up 0.5-1.5%. Finess of gold 680-780, finely dispresed, high silver (to electrum), quartz-associated. The enclosing rocks are granodiorites, volcanics of dacite-andesite somposition, conglomerates, sandstones, aleurolites. Dykes of diorite porphyrites. Near-ore alterations - propilitization, beretization, argillitization. The deposit formed in the Early Cretaceous epoch of rifting and is located in the Baley graben in the zone of Mongol-Okhotsky suture. Petrovskaya and others, 1961; Yurgenson and Grabeklis, 1995; M.D.Sursky, 1996. Russia M 50 16 Andryushkinskoe 51 34 N 51.5666666666667 116 32 E 116.533333333333 Au W, Bi Au skarn Medium Not available. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of one large and a series of small skarn bodies. The thickness of skarn ore body varies from 0.5 to 80 m, extending for over 800 m. Sakarn bodies are oriented along bending of dykes of porphyry-like granites and granodiorites which allows an assumption of their structural relation with dyke bodies. It is confined to a large transverse horst uplift, and is divided into two blocks by sublatitudinal tectonic zone: uplifted northern and lowered southern. In the northern block the main ore-enclosing rocks are skarn dolomitic marbles and calcyphyres occuring within rocks of metamorphic sequence. In the southern block mineralization is largerly confined to garnet-pyroxene vein zones occuring within amphibolites. The deposit includes scheelite, gold-scheelite-sulfide and gold-sulfide ore associations which area related with hydrothermal-metasomatic formations of felspar-quartz, propylitic and beresite formations. There also occur quartz-tourmaline, quartz-carbonate veins and veinlets. The gold-wolframite type of ores is predominant. The main ore minerals of productive mineral associations are native gold, scheelite, bismuth minerals (bismuthite, kozalite, native bismuth), rarely pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. In some cases ore shows high abundances of silver. Gold in ore occurs in free state as microscopic separations with dimensions from 0.002-0.004 to 0.01-0.03. Podlessky and others, 1998. Russia M 50 17 Bugdainskoye 51o09'N 51.15 117o43'E 117.716666666667 Mo W(Au, Ag, Pb, Zn) W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Average grade of 0.073% Mo, 0.034% WO3, 0.09% Pb, 0.11% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The deposit contains columnar stockwork (1200x1000x650 m) confined to the central part of strongly eroded volcano-domal structure with 3.5 km diameter, reprsented by the neck of quartz porphyries (main neck) and stock of granite porphyries (side neck) of the Late Jurassic time. Stockwork has concentric-zonal structure with distinctly expressed quartz core which contains tungsten mineralization. The molybdenum mineralization is located in the external zone superimposed onto sericitized biotite granites of the structure basement (PZ1). Types of ores: veinlet molybdenite-quartz; they contain molybdenite scheelite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fluorite. Later quartz-polymetallic mineralization (galenite, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, grey ores and native gold) in the form of veinlet-vein zones occupies the eastern sector of volcanic structure. The ores are complex, contain Au and Ag to 4 ppm. Pokalov, 1978; Skursky, 1996; Ershov and others, 1998; Kruglova and others, 1965. Russia M 50 18 Xiaoyinuogaigou, Inner Mongolia 50 36 00N 50.6 119 17 00E 119.283333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. East Mongolian-Priargun-Derbugan Consists of more than 150 gold alteration veins in Neoproterozoic strata. Veins trend NS and NW and are generally 10-100 m long, 0.5-5 m wide. From the bottom to top the host rock is: (1) Jiageda formation-mica quartz schist, leucogranulitite and metadiabase; (2) the lower part of Eerguna River formation-dolomitic-marble, crystalline limestone with meta-sandstone, slate; (3) and the upper part of Eerguan River formation-meta-sandstone, slate with crystalline limestone, marble. Biotite adamellite of the Variscan period outcrops in the S side of the mining area. Gold mainly occurs in slate of the Jiageda Formation. The belt trends NNE, is about 7 km long and 1-2 km wide. Alteration consists of silica, pyrite, potassic and tourmaline, chlorite alteration. Gold is mainly associated with silica and pyrite alteration. The more intense the toumalinization, the weaker is gold. The boundary between the deposit and the wallrock is not visible. Deposit is fault-controlled. The mine area occurs in Eerguna City. Zhao, Guolong, and Huang, Zhanagi, 1994. China M 50 19 Sredne-Golgotaiskoye 51o28'N 51.4666666666667 116o39'E 116.65 Au As, Ag, Sb, Bi, Te, Mo Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of trace to 80 ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Deposit contains quartz-molybdenite and quartz-tourmaline-sulfide (gold-bearing), gold-quartz veins with gold, and veins of chalcedony quartz with antimonite. The size of veins is 200-700 x 300 x 0.2x3.0 m. Gold bodies contain abundant quartz with moderate (5-10 to 15%) sulfides. Significant amount of Bi minerals and tellurium, scheelite and molybdenite occur. The gold-bearing assemblages are: quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite, composite sulfides and widely spread gold-bismuthin-telluride. The latter is most common for veins loacted in the lower part of the deposit. Native golds is closely related with bismuth minerals and tellurides forming close intergrowths, with particle dimensions to 1 mm. Two generations of gold occur: a first one is associated with Bi-tellurium minerals and a second one associated with sulfides, including galena, sphalerite and gray ore. The near-deposit assemblage contains beresite alteration. Deposit-related massif is a Late Jurassic granite porphyry. Also occurring are coeval dikes of diorite porphyry and hybride lamprophyre. Deposit occurs along the Mongol-Okhotsk suture Tupyakov and Shirokiy, 1972. Russia M 50 2 Solonechnoye 51 31 N 51.5166666666667 118 54 E 118.9 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Small Average grade of 67% CaF2. Surrounding area contains resource of 2.8 million tonnes CaF2. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of an intricate zone that extends ENE for 1.5 km along strike and dips steeply NW. The zone contains two bodies. The main body is a linear stockwork (with dimensions of 350 by 25-30 x 200 m) that contains a series of closely-spaced, subparallel feathering veins that are cut by a network of small and variably-trending veinlets. The eastern vein (with dimensions of 300 by 1.5-3,0 m) is a gash vein. All veins and veinlets display a symmetrically-zoned structure and consist quartz and fluorite (90%), minor adularia and hydromicas and sporadically disseminations of calcite, pyrite and arsenopyrite. Fluorite is mainly green and rarely violet. Structures are massive and rare bands and texture is coarse-crystalline. The hosting middle Paleozoic biotite-hornblende granite (PZ2) is altered to silica and chlorite adjacent to the deposit. Gulyaeva, 1937; Yakzhin, 1962; Pavlenko and Grachev, 1972; Kormilitsyn, 1973; Ivanova, 1974; Pavlenko, 1975. Russia M 50 20 Severo-Akatuevskoye 51o04'N 51.0666666666667 117o47'E 117.783333333333 Pb, Zn Au, Ag, Bi, In Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 9.6% Pb, 5.9% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurs in central part of a fracture that is 4.5 km long. Consistst of flattened pipes with lens cross-sections, have numerous vein branches. The main bodies are 200 m long, 2-3 m thick, small bodies vary in length from 70 to 140 m, thickness 2-5 m. Sharp contacts with limestone. The bodies are lenticular and pipe shaped and include abundant disseminations and masses, whereas fracture zones contain veinlets and disseminations. Common monomineral separations of pyrite, sphalerite and galena occur. Galena mainly occurs on the upper horizons, whreas pyrite and sphalerite on the lower ones. Sulphosalts of Pb as a minor amount. Non-metalliferous minerals: ferro-rhodochrosite and quartz, rare calcite, mangan-ankerite, dolomite, oligonite, fluroite. In the southern part of the deposit bodies are oxidized from the surface. They consist of quartz, limonite, Mn minerals, impurities of cerussite, smithsonite, skorodite, in eplaces calcite. Host rock: limestone with interbeds of shale, broken by granite (Pz), stock, monzonitoids (Late Jurassic), dukes of diorite and dacite porphyry and are overlapped by volcanic rocks (Middle and Late Jurassic). The alterations of pre-deposit stage consist of the zones of dolomite alteration, serpintinization and silica alteration, pre-deposit Fe-Mn metasomatite with the nests of pyrite and syn-deposit quartz-dolomite-ankerite metasomatite. Smirnov, 1961; Pligina, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1980; Dobrovolskaya, Gordeev, 1995. Russia M 50 21 Akatuevskoye 51o03'N 51.05 117o45'E 117.75 Pb Zn, Au, Ag, Cd, In, Tl Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Grade of 1-13% Pb, 1-3.5% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Ore bodies are located in the fault zone extending NE over 4.5 km and have vein- and pipe-like shape. Vein-like ore bodies are united by poorly mineralized rocks. Part of veins follows along parallel fractures, or through plumage fractures. The angle of dipping 50-60 degrees, sometimes 80 degrees. The pipe-like bodies are confined to confinement of rupture dislocations, angles of dipping 40-70 degrees, the length over strike from 30 to 72 m, over dipping from 8 to 250 m, thickness of bodies 1-25 m. Ores contain galenite, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite are present. In places sulphosalts of lead and silver; non-ferrous minerals are dominated by ferro-rhodochrosite and quartz, rare calcite and mangane-ankerite. Transition to limestones through the zone of phenocrysts. At the deposit the zone of oxidation is developed, the depth 100-110 m, in places 200 m. The zone is composed of quartz, limonite, abunadnt manganese minerals, impurities if cerrusite, smithsonite, skorodite, rare calcite. Hosting rocks: limestones containing interbeds of shales broken by granites and dykes of diabase porphyrites, in the southern part they are superimposed by terrigenous formations (Early and Middle Jurassic). Pre-ore alterations consists of dolomitization, serpentinization, and silicification of hosting rocks, ferruginous-manganese metasomatites with nests of pyrite ores, synore - quartz-dolomite-ankerite metasomatites. Smirnov, 1961; Pligina, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1980; Dobrovolskaya, Gordeev, 1995. Russia M 50 22 Fatimovskoye 51 20 N 51.3333333333333 116 48 E 116.8 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of units to tens ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of simple short veins, thin veinlets, dikes of granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, felsite, diorite porphyry and stockwork ore minerals in granitoids. Ore mineral assemblages are low sulfide (2-3% sulfides) and gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite-quartz. A younger assemblage of sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, gray ore and Bi minerals also occurs. Up to 0.5% scheelite occurs with sparse tourmaline. Gold is free (60-70%) and dispersed. Coarse gold is visible in quartz. Dispersed gold is mainly associated with arsenopyrite and late sulfides, rarely with pyrite. Beresite encloses the deposit. The enclosing rock is middle Paleozoic granitoids. Timofeevskiy, 1968; Tcheglokov, 1968; Gorzhevsky and Fogelman, 1970. Russia M 50 23 Zhetkovskoye 51 17 N 51.2833333333333 116 55 E 116.916666666667 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Small Average grade of 60% CaF2. Resources of to 1.5 million tonnes ore. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of a series of rake veins (200 x 4,8 x 200 m) located in the great tectonic zone in the middle Paleozoic granitoids. Deposit minerals are fluorite, quartz, kaolinite. Deposit occurs in the Turginsky fluorspar region. Puzanov, 1977; Kirillov, 1968. Russia M 50 24 Belukhinskoye 51 17 N 51.2833333333333 116 50 E 116.833333333333 W Mo, Bi W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.3% WO3. Resources of over 10,000,00 tonnes. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy This is a vein field (4km2) containing about 97 steeply dipping quartz-wolframite veins (300-350 x 0,1-0,5 x 100-315 m) of NW strike in the stock (2km2) of granite porpyries (J2-3) and granodiorites (PZ2). The major minerals are wolframite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, scheelite; minor minerals are sphalerite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite; insignificant amount of bismuthine and scheelite. Gauge minerals - quartz of 4 generations, fluorite, sericite-zhilbertite, calcite, calcite, ankerite, beryl. In some vein sites sulfides form continuous aggregate superimposed on the quartz-wolframite mineralization. The circum-ore alterations are represented by greisen rims and zones of sulfidization. Many veins are confined to the contacts of dykes of granodiorite-porphyries and aplites. The fields of greisenized rocks containing tungsten mineralization are developed in the exocontact of granite stock. They have quartz-muscovite-tourmaline composition with fluorite and sulfides. Three similar stocks of ore-bearing greisenized granites are found 1-3 km away from Belukhinskoye deposit. It occurs on the SE flank of the large Undinsky granite-domal uplift, in the zone of intersection of NE and NW striking faults. Levitskiy, 1964; Skurskiy, 1966; Drozdov, 1939; Barabanov, 1961 and 1975; Druzhinin, 1968. Russia M 50 25 Shunduinskoye 51 15 N 51.25 116 27 E 116.45 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade Au from units to tens ppm Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of simple short veins forming thin streaks in dikes of siliceous rock (granite porphyry, quartz porphyry, felsite, rare diorite porphyry) and local stockwork in granitoids. Deposit minerals are low sulfide gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite-quartz type (sulfides comprise 2-3%). A late assemblage of sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, gray ore, minerals of native bismuth are well developed. A marked development of W (scheelite, up to 0.5%) and sparse development of tourmaline are common. Gold is free (60-70%) and dispersed. Coarse visible gold occurs in quartz. Dispersed gold is mainly associated with arsenopyrite and late sulfides, rarely with pyrite. Beresite alteration forms peripheral alteration. Timofeevskiy, 1968; Tcheglokov, 1968; Gorzhevsky and Fogelman, 1970. Russia M 50 26 Bukukinskoye 51o11'N 51.1833333333333 116o37'E 116.616666666667 W Bi, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.6% WO3 in quartz veins. Up to 1.0% Bi. In greisens range of 0.29-0.35% WO3. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy The deposit consists the vein field (7 sq.km) of 120 steeply dipping quartz-wolframite veins (500-2000 x 0.2 - 0.8 x 100-400 m) and two tungsten-bearing greisen bodies of stockwork shape (to 0.5 sq.km). The mineral composition of quartz-hubnerite-sulfide veins: wolframite (WO3 grade up to 2.0-2.5%), sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galenite, bismuthine, molybdenite; minor - scheelite, pyrrhotite, grey ores. Vein minerals: quartz, calcite, fluorite, in places muscovite, topaz, apatite, beryl. Sulfides often form massive aggregate superimposed onto quartz-wolframite mineralization. The greisen bodies have quartz-muscovite-fluorite composition and disseminated impregnation of wolframite (about 0.3% WO3), scheelite and sulfides (pyrite, bismuthine, rarely sfalerite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, galenite). The deposit is located in the apical part of hidden stock (6 sq.km) of leucocratic granites (J3) hosted by granodiorites (PZ2). Many veins are confined to the contacts of the Upper Jurassic dykes of granodiorite-porphyries, quartz porphyries and aplites. Doctorovich-Grebnitsky, 1921; Barabanov, 1961; Levitsky, 1964; Druzhinin, 1968; Scheglov and others, 1978; Gaivoronsky, 1995; Skursky, 1996. Russia M 50 27 Etykinskoye 51 00 N 51 116 52 E 116.866666666667 Ta Nb, Li, Rb, Cs, Su, Se Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Large Not available. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Occurs in the apical part of the massif of amazonite granite and consists of fine-grained lepidolite-amazonite-albite apogranite with economic tantalum. The outlines of the deposit are U-shaped that covers the western, northern and eastern endocontacts of the massif. The thickness of the productive metasomatite is 150-200 m. Downdip, the metasomatite is replaced by cryophyllite-albite-amazonite apogranite with high grades of Sn and Ni. The zone is 200 m thick. Average grade Ta2O3 is 0.013%. The main Ta minerals are pyrochlore-microlite and tantalum-columbite. Deposit contains anomalous Nb, Li, Rb, Sn, Cs, and Sc. Beskin and others, 1994; Sitnin and others, 1995. Russia M 50 28 Tamengskoye 51 03 N 51.05 116 31 E 116.516666666667 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Small Average grade of 65% CaF2. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of 3 veins (50-270 x 0.5 x 1,5 x 115-125 m) of NE strike and SE dipping (60-75o) lying in flatly dipping tectonic zone of upthrust type, with the thickness about 300 m concordantly with the layering of the Early Jurassic sandy-schistose sedimentary rock. Deposit consists of fluorite of various generations, chalcedony, quartz, pyrite (about 0.1-0.5%) and kaolinite. Deposit minerals occurs in breccia, masses and bands. Early fluorite has a light violet color, whereas late one is yellow. The distinguishing feature of all veins is the presence of polymictic breccia, formed during several stages, quartz of 4, pyrite of 3 and fluorite of 4 generations. Yakzhin, 1962; Ivanova, 1974. Russia M 50 29 Kalanguyskoye 51 00 N 51 116 32 E 116.533333333333 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Medium Average grade of 60% CaF2. Area surrounding mine contain resources of 6.3 million tonnes fluorspar. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of a series of fluorspar veins and crush zones with three commercial deposits. About 80% resources occur in one vein with dimensions of 1300 by 0.7-3.6 to 600 m. The vein contains three pillars with swells about 15-20 m thick. The major ore minerals are fluorite, quartz, and pyrite (2-10%). Minor ore minerals are kaolinite, gearksutite, and marcasite, and rare ore minerals are galena, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, calcite, galluasite, and sphalerite. At depth sulfides increases to 15-25%/ and fluorite decreases from 80% to 45%. The upper parts the veins exhibit a symmetricatstructure and are brecciated. Yellow-honey fluorite is most common, with lesser porcelaneous fluorite, and violet and green fluorite. Deposit contains kidney-shaped, concretionary, and large masses of ore minerals, and is interpreted as an epithermal sulfide-quartz-fluorite deposit. The vein occurs in a large, steeply-dipping fault zone with submeridional strike, and is hosted in Late Jurassic sandstone and shale. The adjacent host rock is altered to kaolinite or silica to a depth 10-20 m. Pilipenko, 1937; Yakzhin, 1962; Kotov and others, 1968; Kormilitsyn, 1973; Ivanov, 1974. Russia M 50 3 Vozdvizhenskoye 51 17 51.2833333333333 119 31 119.516666666667 Pb, Zn Au, Ag, Cd, In, Tl, Ga Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 6.3% Pb, 8.5% Zn, 106 ppm Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of sulfide bodies that occur in two parallel pseudo-layers spaced 10 to 40 m apart. The layers extend for over 600 m along strike and 400 m downdip. Individual sulfide bodies occur in flattened pipes, nests and layers. The dimensions along strike vary from 80 to 200 m, downdip from 20 to 200 m and from 0.97 to 6.2 m thick. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, galena and sphalerite and local arsenopyrite, bulanzherite, burnonite, chalcopyrite, gray ore and geokronite. Vein minerals are dolomite, quartz and calcite. Sulfides occur in masses and disseminations. An oxidation zone extends to a depth 160 m and is consists of Fe oxides, cerussite, smithsonite, anglesite, calamine, plumbojarosite, skorodite and psilomelane and local malachite and azurite. Host rock is carbonaceous limestone and dolomite with local coal shale and dikes of felsite-porphyry, quartz porphyry and lamprophyre. The main sulfide bodies occur in dolomite, locally close to or along the contact with lamprophyre and shale. Host rock is altered to dolomite, silica, serpentine, sericite, sericite, chlorite and argillite. Sulfide bodies formed along with quartz-dolomite-ankerite metasomatite. Smirnov, 1961; Kulagashev, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1980. Russia M 50 30 Savinskoye-5 50 27 N 50.45 118 00 E 118 Pb, Zn Ag, Au, In, Cd, Ga, Tl, Te Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Medium Average grade of 2.45% Pb, 4.5% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of lenses, veins, nests and pipes that occur in a thick (150-200 m) and extensive (over 2 km) zone. The zone contains skarn, propylite, relict of host limestone, schist, diorite, rare diabase dikes and fluorite and zeolite veins and nests. Deposit occurs in a tectonic zone and is boundedby the western and eastern bodies of quartz diorite of the Paleozoic Savinsky stock. The skarn bodies extend for80-500 m and locally up to 960 m, extend down dip for 100-500 m and range from 0.7 to 17 m thick. The major deposit minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite and lesser arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, bulanzherite, marcasite and melnikovite. The major gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Pyrite-galena in aksinite and diopside skarn occur in the upper and middle layers and pyrrhotite-sphalerite occur in garnet skarns in lower layers. Oxidation zone extends to 80 m depth. Oxidized minerals are limonite, cerussite, smithsonite, kalamine, anglesite, skorodite, jarosite, residual galena and quartz. Deposit age is interpreted as Late Jurassic. Smirnov, 1961; Arkhangelskaya, 1963; Lobanova and Sanin, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1978, 1980. Russia M 50 31 Liuyi, Inner Mongolia 49 47 05N 49.7847222222222 119 58 15E 119.970833333333 S Pb, Zn, Cu Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Large Not available. Onor Consists of the upper stratiform and lensoid bodies concordant to host rock. The body is trending NE, a moderate dip angle and is 130-750 m long, 1-25 m thick and 650 m downdip. The deposit minerals occur in masses and layers and are composed mainly of pyrite, minor pyrrhotite and extremely minor chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite. The gangue minerals are quartz and sericite. Alteration of host rock include propylitic alteration, pyrite beresite alteration and silica alteration. The host strata are Late Carbonaceous mafic, intermediate-felsic volcanic rock intercalated with jasperite and argillaceous rock undergone metamorphism of greenschist facies and intense folding deformation. Wang, Yin, and Huan, Ruihua, 1987. China M 50 32 Klichkinskoye 50 26 N 50.4333333333333 117 59 E 117.983333333333 Pb Zn, Ag, In Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Grade ranges from tens of fractions to 50% Pb (average 12%), from fractions to 17% Zn, and about 400 ppm Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a series of thin and discontinuous plates, veins, and pipes with sphalerite and galena in dolomite with thin beds of shale. Deposit occurs in the same tectonic zone as Savinsky-5 deposit to the S. The bodies strike for a few hundred m, extend downdip for tens of m, and range from 0.1 to 1.,1 m thick with an average thickness of 0.2-0.3 m. The major deposit minerals are pyrite, galena, sphalerite and arsenopyrite and minor pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite and rare bulanzherite, cassiterite and scheelite. Major gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. The main deposit minerals assemblages are: pyrite-arsenopyrite, sphalerite-galena and pyrite-arsenopyrite-sphalerite-galena. Sulfide bodies are cut by the quartz-fluorite (and local barite) veins and streaks. Oxidized deposit minerals are limonite, cerussite, smithonite, kalamine, anglesite, skorodite, jarosite, galena and quartz. The host dolomite is intruded by Late Jurassic granite, diorite stock and rare granite porphyry dikes. Deposit and host rock is altered to dolomite, serpentinite, silica, skarn, greisen, and beresite. Smirnov, 1961; Arkhangelskaya, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1978, 1980. Russia M 50 33 Barun-Shiveinsky 51 22 N 51.3666666666667 115 10 E 115.166666666667 W Hg, Sb Hg-Sb-W vein and stockwork Small Deposit is mined out. On the edges are resources of up to 5,000,00 tonnes WO3, with average grade of 0.8% WO3, 0.2% Hg, 0.05% Sb. Aginskiy Consists of a linear lenticular stockwork with surface dimensions of 800 by 80-250 m that strikes NW direction extendes to a depth of 200 m. The deposit consists of two types bodies: (1) lenticular breccia with dimensions of 10-80 by 1-2 m with ferberite, stibnite, and cinnabar; and (2) veins in steeply-dipping shear fractures with dimensions of 20-100 by 0.05-1.0 m that contain wolframite and stibnite composition. The major ore minerals are ferberite, cinnabar, and stibnite, and rare wolframite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, siderite, magnetite, pyrrholusite, quartz, and carbonate. The stockwork occurs in the hanging wall of an anticline fold, dips gently, and extends along strike for 2 km. Wall rocks are lasted to silica, hydromica, and sericite. Host rocks are Mesoproterozoic chlorite and quartz-chlorite schists and quartzite. Scheglov, 1959; Baranov, 1975; Scheglov and Butkevich, 1978; Borovkov and Gaivoronsky, 1995. Russia M 50 34 Garsonuyskoye 50 26 N 50.4333333333333 117 58 E 117.966666666667 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Medium Grade of 39-43% CaF2. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Seven districts occur in an area of 9 sq.km about 1 km apart. About 50% of ore reserves occur in lenticular metasomatic occurrences of 4-25 m thickness (average 7.9), length of 50-940 m, depth of 115-275 m. Each site includes some tens of small veins, crush zones, and metasomatic occurrences. Main mineral assemblage is quartz-calcite-fluorite. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, and calcite; minor ones are kaolonite, montmorillonite, gallausite, and zeolite; admixed ones are pyrite, marcasite, galena, and barite. Fluorite is diverse both in color and in structural and textural, but most have a fine-crystalline brecciated structure. Deposit occurs in relict carbonate rock. Anticline fold with NE strike encloses deposit. Deposit-hosting block of limestone occurs in Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic granite and granodiorite. Doroshenko, 1971; Komarova, 1972; Ivanova, 1974; Kotov and Kotov, 1995. Russia M 50 35 Badaguan, Inner Mongolia 49 55 00 N 49.9166666666667 118 56 00 E 118.933333333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Low grade. East Mongolian-Priargun-Derbugan Consists of veinlet-disseminates and quartz veins in granodiorite. Around the granodiorite of the Early Yanshan Orogeny are rhyolitic volcanic rocks and cataclastic rocks. Varied dykes are seen in the mine: diorite porphyrite, lamprophyre, and granite porphyry and quartz porphyry. The ores are featured by pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite. Minor minerals in the ores include chalcocite, bornite, tetrahedrite, galena, sphalerite, armenite and magnetite. Alteration related to mineralization include berecitization and chloritization. Ge, Chaohua and others, 1994. China M 50 36 Malo-Kulindinskoye 50o59'N 50.9833333333333 115o42'E 115.7 Ta, Be Nb, Sn, Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Aginskiy Consists of a series of extensive pegmatite veins that strike NW strike and are hosted in biotite shale, sandstone and conglomerate. The pegmatite bodies are platy, lenticular, saddle-shaped and irregular. Bodies range from 1 to 18 m thick and extend several hundred m along strike. The bodies consist of replaced and partly replaced types. The replaced pegmatite consist mainly of albite, quartz, muscovite and are economic for Ta and Be. The main deposit minerals are tantalum-columbite, andberyl and grade ranges up to 0.048% Ta2O5 and 0.104% BeO. Also occurring is anomalous Nb, Sn and Li. The partly replaced and non-replaced pegmatite bodies consist mainly of K-feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, muscovite, tourmaline and garnet. The pegmatite veins are related to Late Mesozoic two-mica pegmatite granite. Grebennikov, 1995. Russia M 50 37 Spokoininskoye 51 03 N 51.05 115 03 E 115.05 W Ta, Nb, Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.27% WO3 (range of 0.1-0.9% WO3). Aginskiy Consists of a greisen stockwork with a surface area of 600 by 320 m with a saddle shape and an apical thickness of 50 to 100 m. The stockwork occurs in the apex of Late Jurassic two-mica granite that is altered to albite. Deposit dips gently to a depth of 200-320 m. Thre stockwork contains: (1) W-bearing quartz-muscovite greisen (major types) with high-grade blocks of quartz and feldspar; and (2) 17 veins and streaks with wolframite in steeply-dipping shear fractures with dimensions of 600 by 0.10-2.0 m. The major minerals are wolframite, quartz, muscovite and fluorite and minor minerals are pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bismuthine cassiterite, scheelite, tourmaline and tantalite-columbite. Also occurring locally is apatite, zircon, garnet, topaz and pyrite. Wolframite contains from 0.5 to 1.0% Ta+Nb The granite stock contains two-mica amazonite granite that intrudes Mesoproterozoic sericite, chlorite-quartz and quartz-biotite shale and sandstone. Deposit occurs in the site of intersection of NE and NW-striking faults. Beus and others, 1962; Potapiev, 1971; Chetyrbotskaya, 1972; Scheglov and Butkevich, 1978; Reif and others, 1982; Grebennikov, 1995. Russia M 50 38 Sherlovogorskoye 50 33 N 50.55 116 16 E 116.266666666667 Sn W, Pb, Zn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Large Grade of 0.3-0.5% Sn. Prospected to depth of 400 m. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of a major deposit (20 x 12 km) and four related deposits: Sherlovogorskoye, Sopka Bolshaya, Tourmalinovy Otrog and Vostochnoye. Sherlovogorskoye greisen-wolframite deposit is formed by W veins of quartz-topaz-siderophile composition with varying amount of tourmaline, fluorite, muscovite; gauge ones contain fereberite and arsenopyrite, less common are bismuthine, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Sopka Bolsjaya Deposit consists of a tourmaline-sulfide-cassiterite stockwork with silica- and tourmaline-altered breccia and rare disseminated arsenopyrite, bismuthine, stannite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Breccia are cut by streaks of cassiterite with pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, bismuthine, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, wolframite and scheelite. Otrog Tourmaline deposit consists of tectonic zones hosting streaky an quartz-tourmaline-cassiterite assemblage with topaz, rare arsenopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite. Vostochnoye deposit is Sn-polymetallic deposit containing galena and sphalerite along with cassiterite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tourmaline and arsenopyrite. All deposits are controlled by Sherlova Gora ring-domal structure (34 x 48 km), with the Sherlovogorsky granite massif (Late Jurassic) in the center and stock of 2,5 sq.km. visible on the day surface. In the SE flank there is a field of siliceous Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks that is complicated by subvolcanic explosive structures (Sopka Bolshaya). V.V.Aristov and others, 1961; Levitskiy, 1964; Ontoev, 1974; Sapozhnikov, 1986; Kulagashev, 1977; Antipin and others, 1980; Seminsky, 1980; Gaivoronsky, 1995. Russia M 50 39 Orlovskoye 51o02'N 51.0333333333333 114o45'E 114.75 Ta Nb, Li, Sn, F Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Medium Not available. Aginskiy Deposit is confined to the apical part of the stock of porphyry granite located in the wetsren part of the granitoid massif. The stock is the dome having nearly horizontal contacts with enclosing rock in the central part, gently dipping contacts (0-30o) at the southern and western flanks and at the steeper (37-55o) northern and eastern flanks of the stock. The economic Ta minerals are associated with metasomatic altered granite. Consists of lepidolite-albite and amazonite albite with lepidolite granite and occurs diirectly under the roof sand-shaly rock of the Early Triassic. Amazonite-albite with lepidolite granite occurs in the apical part of the stock and produce the zone over 100 m thick. The average grade Ta205 is 0.0098%. The lepidolite-albite granite comprises the external near-contact zone of the stock. The thickness of these formations achieves 40 m. Thin lepidolite-topaz-quartz greisens with abundant phenocrysts of crystals columbite-tantalite and microlite occur. This variety of granite has highest abundances of tantalum (Ta2O5 from 0.017% to 0.168%) defining practical value of the deposit. The main minerals concentrating tantalum are columbite-tantalite and microlite. Also occurring is lesser cassiterite, hubnerite, wolframite, monazite, topaz, rutile and fluorite. Tauson, 1977;Grebenschikov, 1995. Russia M 50 4 Berjozovskoe 51 14 N 51.2333333333333 119 38 E 119.633333333333 Fe Sedimentary siderite Fe Medium Siderite ore with average grade of 42% Fe, oxidized ore with average grade of 47.4% Fe. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of intricately constructed layer of Lower Cretaceous mineralized conglomerate breccias extending for 10 km, which is divided into 6 bed-like and lenticular gently lying (15-20o) ore bodies (370 - 500 x 24 - 74 x 850 - 1200 m). Two types of ore : carbonate and oxidized. The former are sideritized limestones (Cm), diverse shales (PR - PZ) and conglomerates (K1), grade of iron 36.6 - 38.9%. The latter are brown iron ore, in which siderite is replaced by limonite (igossan is traced to the depth 80-120 m) iron grade 46.9 - 50.6%. The main ore body is represented by the bed of ferruginous conglomerate breccias with the thickness varying from 80 to 232 m, in which small clasts of cement, rarely pebbles are replaced by siderite and limonite. The composition of siderite ores: primary siderite and calcite, secondary pyrite, magnesite, goethite, limonite (phosphorus - 0.06 - 0.09%; sulphur 0.5 - 0.9%). Brown iron ores are represented by limonite, rarely hematite, goethite (sulfur 0.01 - 0.06%, phosphorus 0.11%). The ore bed in the eastern flank of the deposit is partially overlapped by50-140 m sequence of volcanogenic-sedimentary formations (K1-KZ1). Sokolova and .Ryabinina, 1958; Muratova and Pistsov, 1959; Yu.P.Pistsov, 1957 and 1967; V.V.Askasinsky, 1959; Sokolov and.Grigoriev, 1978; I.I. Muratova and others, written commun.,1956. Russia M 50 40 Abagaituyskoye 49 42 N 49.7 117 52 E 117.866666666667 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Medium Average grade of 75% CaF2. Yearly output ranges from 200, 000 to 250,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 30 veins of barite-quartz-fluorite type. The mineral composition: fluorite of some generations, calcite, quartz; in smaller amount there occur barite, adulare, kaolonite, pyrite, opal, manganese calcite and nakrite, very rare are sfalerite and chlorite. The structure of veins is symmetric-banded, their center is full of cavities filled with druses of optical fluorite, barite and mountaoin crystal descended into kaolinite mass. Fluorite is dark-violet, rarely green; size of minerals to 5-6 cm, in places kidneys about 0,5-1,5 m across. The veins are located in the zone of the great Abagaituy fault. Of commercial importance are three veins (1120 x 0,4 - 0,9 m, rarely 2-4 m) cutting entire Upper Jurassic cover (65-160 m) of andesite basalts and penetrating to 500-600 m depth into the Early-Middle Paleozoic granitoid basement. Kormilitsyn, 1973; Yakzhin, 1962; Soloviev, 1958, 1971; Pilipenko, 1937. Russia M 50 41 Wunugetushan, Inner Mongolia 49 23 00N 49.3833333333333 117 25 00E 117.416666666667 Cu,Mo Ag,Re Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Reserves of 2.232 million tonnes Cu. Average grade of 0.4% Cu. Reserves of 0.412 million tonnes Mo. Average grade of 0.05%Mo. East Mongolian-Priargun-Derbugan Occurs at the intersection place between the NE-trending Manzhouli-Dalaidong thrust and strike-slip fault with a secondary NW-striking Hanigou fault normal fault that is a secondary structure of the NE-striking Deerbugan major fault zone. Deposit is hosted in the Yanshannian granodiorite porphyry that is exposed over an area of 0.12 sq.km. A K-Ar isotopic age for the porphyry is 164 Ma. The wallrock alteration forms circular zoned pattern, with an inner quartz-K-feldspar zone, a middle quartz-sericite-hydromica zone and an outer illite-hydromica zone. There are 33 Cu and 13 Mo bodies that are controlled by the porphyry body and the contact zone. From the center of the porphyry outward, the zonation pattern is a pyrite-molybdenite zone, apyrite-chalcopyrite zone and a pyrite-galena-sphalerite zone. Cu and Mo minerals occur mainly in disseminatins and networks. The temperatures of formation of the porphyry intrusion and deposits are 1003 to 1205 and 140 to 500øC, respectively. Deposit-forming fluids exhibit high salinity (51 wt% NaCl) and high density (1.12 g/cm3). Weishi, 1994. China M 50 42 Baits Ovoo 50 10 00 N 50.1666666666667 114 41 00 E 114.683333333333 Zn, Pb, Ag As, Sb, Cd, Au Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 7.2% P,b, 1.99% Zn, 288 ppm Ag. Reserves of 150,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of series of northwest-southeast striking, sulfide and quartz-sulfide veins hosted in altered zones of host rocks that contain quartz-sericite-carbonate-pyrite alteration ( beresite ). The host rocks are Jurassic diorite and granodiorite that intrude Triassic sedimentary rocks. Ore bearing alteration zones are from 50 to 60m width, can traced for several hundred meters. Major ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite and silver minerals. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite and calcite. Within the area of deposit were discovered numerous ore occurrences of polymetallic vein type. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 43 Berkh 2 50 13 00 N 50.2166666666667 114 11 00 E 114.183333333333 Ta, Nb REE-Li pegmatite Small Grade of 0.028-0.1% Ta, 0.038-0.078% Nb. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of pegmatite bodies that occur along the contact of early Mesozoic granite pluton, composed of tourmaline and garnet bearing leucocratic granite with host Paleozoic terrigenous rocks. Rare metal mineralization is also hosted in contact metamorphosed sedimentary rocks (quartz-muscovite schists). Veins are from cm to 5 m wide and from 20 to 100 m long. Pegmatites are K-feldspar-clevelandite-quartz, muscovite- garnet with tourmaline, accessory apatite, beryl, columbite and tantalite. Ta content 28-106 ppm, Nb 38-78 ppm, Li 90-174 ppm, Nb/Ta ratio 0.74-2.3 Kovalenko and others, 1977. Mongolia M 50 44 Ulaan 50 12 50N 50.2138888888889 114 06 20E 114.105555555556 Zn, Pb, Ag Au, Cu, Cd Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 1.25% Pb, 2.13% Zn. Resources of 1,212,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Polymetallic sulfides occur mainly inside of a breccia pipe and veins in a NW-trending, steeply-dipping fault. The pipe intrudes Late Mesozoic siliceous volcanic rocks and basement metamorphic rock. The breccia is intensively altered by hydrothermal-metasomatic processes and determined by the definite mineralogical zoning. In the central part and deep horizons of the pipe the content of cement changes from epidote-actinolite-sulfide to epidote-actinolite metasomatite. Other parts of pipe are composed of breccia with quartz-fluorite-sulfide cement. Bodies are veinlike and stockwork shape along strike 120-420 m, thickness 25-88 m and down the dip 90-700 m. Deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite and Ag minerals. Gangue minerals are quartz, fluorite, epidote actinolite, chlorite and calcite. In the area of deposit are numerous occurrences of volcanic hosted polymetallic deposits. D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990; Dorjgotov, 1996; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 50 45 Khuts Ondor 50 04 00N 50.0666666666667 114 04 00E 114.066666666667 Sb Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Grade of 1.08%-2.1% Sb, from 0.01-0.1-0.3 g/t Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 3 parallel, silica-altered, stibnite and minor sulfide-bearing tectonic zones cutting Triassic sandstone. The zones are NW-trending and cut NE-trending sandstone horizons. The thickness of these altered zones ranges from 0.2-0.3 m to 1.0-3.0 m. The length of zones is approximately 250 m. A 3.2 m thick epithermal quartz vein follows quartz veinlets and stringers. Minor amounts of pyrite, marcasite, berterite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite occur. B.V. Shekin and others, written commun., 1985. Mongolia M 50 46 Bor Ondor 49 51 56 N 49.8655555555556 114 16 15 E 114.270833333333 Au, Ag As, Sb, Pb, Zn Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Grade of 2.0-2.0-15.0 g/t Au, 100.0-550.0 g/t Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The occurrence is localised in northern outer and inner contact of the Middle to Upper Jurassic granodiorite stock intruding Triassic sandstone, siltstone and shale. There are distributed diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry and lamprophyry dikes. There are developed quartz - sulfide breccia, veins and veinlets. Host rocks are silicified, sericitized and carbonatized. Breccia, veins, veinlets and altered rocks form sub-latitudinal oriented, 2.0 km long and 0.3 km wide mineralised zone. Mineralisation is more intensive developed in the central part of the zone, in apart of length up to 1.0 km. The zone dips steeply in SSE but separated breccia, veins dip in different orientation by angle ranging from 200 to vertical. The length of the bodies ranges from 10.0 m to 100.0 m, and their thickness from 10.0 m to 40.0 m. Dikes distributed here are also altered and mineralised. More intensive mineralisation is related to quartz-sulfide breccia and veins of up to 1.0 m thickness. Ore minerals are. Arsenopyrite, pyrite, tetrahedrite, zemsonite, boulanjerite, berterite, stibnite and rare sphalerite. In heavy concentrate samples prepared from quartz - sulfide breccia and veins, were determined very fine grain, dusty gold. Samples from vein and breccia contained from 2.0 g/t to 12.0 - 15.0 g/t of Au, and from 100.0 g/t to 550.0 g/t of Ag, and up to 1.5 - 6.0% of Pb, up to 1.6% of Zn, up to 0.3% of Bi, up to 1.0% of Sb, and up to 5.3% of As. The grade of Au was 0.1 - 0.5 g/t in 5.0 - 25.0 m thick quartz-sericite-carbonate replacement. The average grade of Au was 1.0 g/t, and Ag from 5.0 g/t to 15.0 g/t in the replacement zone including quartz-sulfide bodies. The fineness of gold is 600. B.V. Shekin and others, written commun., 1985. Mongolia M 50 47 Avdartolgoi 49 40 15 N 49.6708333333333 114 50 40 E 114.844444444444 Cu, Mo Au, Ag, W Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Mo reserves in well-explored part of the pipe estimated as 5237.0 tonnes with average grade of 0.09% Mo. In other not -well explored parts of the pipe reserves estimated at 4600 tonnes with average grade of 0.07% Mo, 0.01-0.05% W, and 0.1-0.52% Cu (rare up to 1.0% Cu). Probable reserves of 1,800 tonnes W and 35,000 tonnes Cu. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy The deposit is localised in eastern part of the Ulz granite stock of Middle to Upper Jurassic age, in explosive breccia pipe. The granite stock intrudes Devonian terrigenic formation. Host terrigenic formation is intruded by small injection granite bodies and NW-oriented dyke swarm. Dikes represent granodiorite porphyry, syenite porphyry and more younger andesite - basalt. The granite stock is localised in intersection of NE ( 30 - 500 ) -oriented Sebsuul and NW (300 - 3200 ) - oriented Dochgolyn -Adag fault systems. The intersection follows the Avdartolgoi breccia pipe. The Avdartrolgoi breccia pipe is formed in the final stage of the Ulz gol granite massive emplacemen. The pipe has funnel - like shape extended in NW on 750.0 m in width 450.0 m. From SE, SW and NE the pipe is restricted by faults. Explosive breccia lasts over 400.0 m in to depth by drill hole, in the SE part of the pipe. Inclusion clast materials of size from 1.0 mm to 20.0 - 30.0 cm., rare up to 1.0 m represents sedimentary rocks, granitoids of the Ulz gol stock and dyke materials. The matrix of the breccia represents fine-grained material consisting of adularia, albite, quartz, carbonate, sericite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite and sheelite. Cu - Mo with W mineralisation is localised in breccia pipe, and also in host rocks. Ore mineralisation is developed in all mass of the pipe but more intensive mineralisation is developed in the north-eastern part of the pipe. Ore mineralisation represents nest - impregnation and stringer - impregnation of ore minerals developed in breccia cement. In results of core sampling were defined steep dipping, close located lenses and strips with economical grade of main commodities. There were defined in different parts of the pipe, from 3 to 15 economical grade ore - bearing intervals or zones extended on 100 - 300 m in to depth and up to 300 m along strike. Surface part of the ore-bearing zones is intensive oxidised and leached up to 20.0 - 30.0 m in to depth. The thickness of ore - bearing zones ranges from 0.6 m to 49.4 m, and the grade of Mo from 0.03% to 0.661%. Ore minerals are molybdenite, chalcopyrite, sheelite, bismithine, native As, boulanjerite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite and tennantite. These ore minerals form 2 mineral assemblages: 1) molybdenite - pyrite - chalcopyrite, and 2) sheelite - molybdenite - pyrite. Alteration minerals also form 2 mineral assemblages: 1) quartz - adularia - albite - sericite with carbonate, and with the assemblage is related nest - impregnation sulfide mineralisation, and 2) quartz - hydromica assemblage following stringer sulfide mineralisation. There was defined weak vertical geochemical zonation from above to below: As1 - W - Ag - Cu - Sn - Mo ( Pb ) - Bi - Ni - V (?) - As2. Cu - Mo stringer mineralisation is also wide developed in host rocks, 1.0 - 3.0 km far from above mentioned explosive pipe, in granodiorite and in Devonian terrigenic rocks. The thickness of mineralised zones ranges from 1.6 m to 5.0 m, and the grade of Mo was up to 0.06% and of Cu up to 0.43%. The length of the zones in to depth and on surface isn't defined. There was discovered 600.0 m long and 200.0 m wide, NW - oriented zone with quartz - sulfide veins and veinlets, approximately 3.0 km in north of the Abdartolgoi deposit. In rock chip samples Cu was up to 1.0%, Mo up to 0.05% and Ag up to 140.0 g/t. Geochemical soil anomaly aureole of Mo - W - Cu and IP anomaly ( more 7.0% ) are close related to the latter zone. Cu is predominant in soil samples than Mo in the eastern half of the Ulz gol granite stock. Main by-products of the deposit are Au (up to 1.0 g/t) and Ag (up to 10.0- 40.0 g/t ). Average ore zone of thickness 0.8 - 46.0 m. Yu. B. Mironov and N.S. Soloviev, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 48 Ovorkhooloi 49 50 20N 49.8388888888889 114 17 45E 114.295833333333 Au Ag Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 0.1-0.5-1.0-2.0 g/t Au, 0.6 g/t Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurrence covers a 2.5 sq.km. area in the southern outer and inner contact of Middle to Late Jurassic granodiorite stock intruding Triassic sandstone and siltstone. Hosting structures are NNE-trending, parallel and are closely related spatially with granodiorite porphyry dikes. The width of the dikes is tens m, with a dip to SE. Tourmaline alteration is wide developed in all type of host rock. Granodiorite dikes are strongly altered to sericite, carbonate and kaolinite. There are also wide developed hematite alteration and epithermal silica alteration. Occurrence is in a wide zone with intensive hematite alteration and epithermal quartz breccia. Pyrite is widely distributed in NE part and chalcopyrite is widely distributed in SW part of the occurrence. Granodiorite dikes are sulfide alteration and the amount of sulfides is 5-7%. Other deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, arsenipoyrite, galena and sphalerite. In some bodies, the amount of sulfides increases sharply. For-example, drill hole located in eastern part of the occurrence, cut intervals consisting of pyrite and arsenopyrite (total amount is 50% of the intervals) cemented by zemsonite, from 53.8 m to 55.8 m and from 80.5 m to 82.5 m and in 89.0 m depth. Sugar quartz occurs with znenite, zemsonite, pyrite, bertrite in rock chip samples contain 1.0% Sb, by chemical analysis 1.8% Sb and by fire-assay analysis 0.3 g/t Au and 0.6 g/t Ag. In many channel and core samples, the grade of Au ranges from 0.1-0.5 to 1.0-2.0 g/t. B.V. Shekin and others, written commun., 1985; G. Badarch and others, written commun., 1999. Mongolia M 50 49 Nomint 49 39 00N 49.65 114 43 50E 114.730555555556 Au Cu, Ag Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Up to 6.0-8.0 g/t Au, 1.0-50.0 g/t Ag, 0.3-1.2% Cu. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurs in the western outer contact of the middle to upper Jurassic granite stock, in Devonian clastic rock. Host rock is Devonian sandstone, siltstone folded in to steeply-dipping isocline deformation, intruded by the Middle to Late Jurassic Ulz gol granitoid stock. There are distributed kersantite dikes with a thickness of 1.0 cm. to 3.0-5.0 m in contact metamorphosed clastic rock and in granite. A large (400 m by 600 m) soil anomaly aureole of Cu-W-Mo-Bi-Pb-Ag-As exists. The occurrence occurs in intersection of NW (300-3200)-trending and NE (40-600)-trending fault zones. The length of the the NW-trending zone is 1.1 km 250-400 m wide. The zone coincides with IP anomaly (6%). The zone consists of intensively deformed and brecciated subzones with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 m to 7.0-15.0 m. Occurring are stringers with silica alteration, sulfide alteration, tourmaline alteration. In result of trenches logging, there are distributed from 1 to 3 deposit mineral intervals in sulfide stringers and disseminations with grades of Cu 0.3-1.2%, Ag-from 1.0 to 50.0 g/t and Au up to 6.0 g/t and athickness from 2.0 m to 9.0 m. The subzones extend on 10.0-100 m. There are ancient small openpits with intensive alterations of tourmaline and sulfides with thickness up to 10 m and grades of Cu-0.5-1.0%, As-0.1-0.5%, Ag-3.0-50.0 g/t and Au-0.1-7.0 g/t. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, malachite and azurite. The thickness of intensive subzones ranges from 0.5 m to 5.0 m. The grade are: Cu-up to 0.3%, Ag up to 10.0 g/t, As up to 0.2%, Pb-0.015%, Zn-0.02%, W-0.003% and Au up to 8.0 g/t. Yu.B. Mironov, and N.S. Soloviev, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 5 Blagodatskoye 51 14 N 51.2333333333333 119 33 E 119.55 Pb Zn, Ag, Tl, In, Cd, Sn, Au Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 4.5% Pb, 5.3% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a series of irregular nests, veinlets, vein-, pipe- and bedded ore bodies forming stockwork in dolomitized and silicified carbonate rocks. The dimensions of ore bodies: some meters to 17-41 m long, from some ten cm to 10.8 m thick. Ores are massive and impregnated. Main minerals of primary ores: pyrite, galenite, sphalerite; rarely occur aresonopyrite, boulangerite, stannite, chalcopyrite, sulphosalts of Pb, Ag, Cu, Sb, pyrrhotite. Vein minerals: dolomite, quartz, calcite, rarely barite. Ores are divided into lead-zinc, predominantly zinc with economic contents of lead and small amount of iron and sulphur-ferruginous with economic grade of lead and zinc.High grades of silver and tin. The deposit has significant depth of oxidation zone which conatins oxides of Fe, cerussite, smithsonite, anglesite; rarely occur galenite, pyrite, boulangerite, sulfodes. Hosting rocks: dolomitic limestones with interbeds of coaly-clayey shales, in places are cut by the dykes of syenite-porphyries and quartz porphyres. The enclosing rocks at the pre-ore stage underwent dolomitization, silicification, serpentinization, sericitization, chloritization, argillization. At the ore stage, syn-ore quartz-dolomite-ankerite metasomatites were formed. Sholkin and Lenok, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1980. Russia M 50 50 Chuluun Khoroot 49 42 30N 49.7083333333333 114 20 30E 114.341666666667 W, Mo Be W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.01% Sn, 0.8-1.0% WO3. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 15 quartz-wolframite veins that occur within sandstone-siltstone formation of Triasic age and related to fine-grained Jurassic granite stock. Upper part of this stock consists of fine-medium grained alaskites. Alteration is quartz-muscovite and muscovite greisen with fluorite, wolframite and scheelite. Ore veins are 20-100 m long and 0.1-0.3 m wide, one is 500 m long and 0.5-1.2 m wide. Ore minerals are wolframite, beryl, fluorite, scheelite, molybdenite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrotite, marcasite and chalcopyrite, bismuthite and other sulfides. Gangue minerals are quartz and muscovite. Two stages are distinguished: (1) wolframite, mica, beryl, scheelite, quartz, fluorite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite and pyrite and (2) chalcopyrite, sulfosolts, Bi minerals and carbonate. Ivanov, written commun.,1945; Dorjgotov, 1986. Mongolia M 50 51 Erdenetolgoi 49 29 20N 49.4888888888889 114 33 50E 114.563888888889 Au-Cu-Fe Ag,B,W Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 1.2-10.2 g/t, Au, 1.0-3.0% Cu, 110-220 g/t Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Host rocks are Vendian to Early Cambrian, or perhaps Devonian units that are intruded by a Jurassic intrusive stock consisting of diorite and granite. Sub-latitudinal and NW-trending faults are predominant. Three skarn zones occur along the northern and western outer contacts of intrusive stock. Skarn consists of vesuvianite (80%), calcite (15%), garnet (grossular, and, andradite) with sulfide disseminations. Sulfides range from 1% to 3%. The Central skarn zone is 800 m long and 10.0-60 m wide; the Second skarn zone is 300 m long and 5.0-50 m wide; and the Third skarn zone is 2.0 km long and 10.0-25.0 m wide and occurs 700 m in north of the Central zone. Rock chips and channel samples contains up to 1.0-3.0% Cu, up to 1.2-10.2 g/t Au, and up to 110-220 g/t Ag in the Central zone. Skarn zone varies from 250 m to 5.0-20 m wide on surface. Skarn extends to 270 m below the surface and grade of Cu, Au, and Ag decreases. Ore minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and rare native Au. Au grains range up to 10-12 microns in garnet and diopside. Geochemical indicator elements are Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu, W and Mo. Blagonravov and Shabalovskii, 1977; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; B.V. Shekin and others, written commun., 1985, Yu.B. Mironov and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 52 Jiawula, Inner Mongolia 48 48 00N 48.8 116 20 00E 116.333333333333 Ag,Pb,Zn Au Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Large Reserves of 236,300 tonnes Pb, 379,000 tonnes Zn. Grade of 130-173 g/t Ag, 3.16% Pb, 5.24% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargun-Derbugan Consists of more than 40 veins that occur along NW-striking fractures. The wallrock is a complicated sequence of Late Permian volcaniclastic rock of the Laolongto Formation, intermediate to mafic volcanic rock of the Late Jurassic Tamulangou Formation, intermediate to siliceous volcanic rock of Late Jurassic Shangkuli Formation, Variscan granite, and Mesozoic diorite porphyry, feldspar and quartz porphyry, and beschtauite. The main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Minor ore minerals are magnetite, hematite, bornite, and arsenopyrite. Alterations are silica, chlorite, carbonate, sericite, fluorite, epidote, and hydromica. Deposit occurs in a Variscan orogenic belt between the Siberian and North China Platforms. Pan, Longju and Sun, Enyu, 1992; Li, Henian and others, 1994. China M 50 53 Chaganbulagen, Inner Mongolia 48 45 00N 48.75 116 25 00E 116.416666666667 Ag Pb,Zn Au-Ag epithermal vein Large Average grade of 278.6 g/t Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy- Deerbugan Located west to the NE-striked Deerbugan deep-seated fault zone.The deposit is controlled by the large scale NWW-trending Jiawula-Chaganbulagen fracture zone.The igneous intrusives are mainly late Yanshannian porphyries,which are quartz porphyry,feldsparphyre,monzonitic porphyry and granodioritic porphyry. Their whole rock K-Ar ages are 131.6-144.78Ma.The ore-hosting rocks are mainly late Permian Laorongtou formation intermediate-basic volcanic rocks,sandy conglomerate,slate and rhyolite etc.The ore-hosting fracture zone is more than 3000m long and 50-150m wide,with the strike of 280-290 Celsium degree and the SW dip of 40-60 degree.Five ore bodies have been discovered.The main wallrock alterations are silicification, chloritization, epidotization, Illitization, sericitization, carbonation etc.The main ore-forming temperature interval is 150-350Celsius degree. Pan, Longju, and Sun, Enyu, 1992; Li, Weishi, 1994. China M 50 54 Zuun Dagai 49 13 20N 49.2222222222222 114 43 45E. 114.729166666667 Au, As, Sb, Te Alkaline complex-hosted Au Unknown Grade of 0.5-0.6 g/t Au ; 50.0 g/t Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of 0.1-3.0 m thick quartz and quartz-sulfide veins and veinlets in early Paleozoic granite. Deposit occurs in 0.3-1.2 km by 40.0-120 m wide zones in a NW-trending, 18 x 1.5-2.0 km area. The grade of Au ranges from 0.5 to 6.0 g/t and Ag up to 50.0 g/t. Deposit minerals are gold, chalcopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite and tellurides. Zones are prospected to 40 m depth. Yu. N. Pecherkin and others, written commun., 1984, Yu.B. Mironov and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 55 Kharguit 49 15 00N 49.25 114 34 00E. 114.566666666667 Au, As, Sb, Te Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Grade of 76.8-83.8% Au, 16.5-24% Ag. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of NE-trending zone in Proterozoic crystalline gneiss and granite gneiss. Widely-distributed microdiorite dikes are cut by NW-trending, Au quartz veins in a shear zone. Ieins trend variably. Samples from quartz rubble in the central and the SW zone contain up to 20 g/t Au. Ore minerals in quartz rubble are malachite, and azurite, and rare galena and gold ranging 0.1-2 mm. Quartz from eastern part of the zone contains from 5.0 to 240.0 g/t Au. Visible ore minerals in the eastern part are malachite and rare galena. Other ore minerals are native silver, sulphostibnite, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, chalcocite, covellite, bornite, cerussite, anglesite, malachite, azurite, and Fe oxides. Besides free gold, most significant part of gold occurs as dispersions in tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. Gold grains contain up to 0.5% Pb, 0.9% Bi, 0.1% Hg, 0.05% Sb, 0.01% Cu, and 0.001% Te. Yu.N. Pecherkin and others, written commun., 1984. Mongolia M 50 56 Urliin Ovoo 49 10 24N 49.1733333333333 114 43 10E. 114.719444444444 Au, As, Sb, Te Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Grade of 0.5-30.0 g/t Au, 4.2% Ag, 0.11% Hg, 0.09% Cu. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Hosted in Proterozoic gneiss intruded by early Paleozoic granite and by Mesozoic microdiorite, microsyenite and lamprophyry dikes. The depoist contains three zones with over 20 quartz veins. The zone occurs in a NW-trending area with dimensions of 10.0 km by 3.0 km. Veins are 80-160 m long and 0.1-1.0 m thick. Quartz veins extend for 100-200 m in four areas. Grade ranges from 0.5 to 30.0 g/t Au in quartz veins and from 0.5 to 20.0 g/t Au in altered host rock. The three mineral assemblages are: (1) medium-grained, white quartz, rare pyrite, chalcopyrite (3-5%) with a grade of 1.0-3.0 g/t Au; (2) chalcopyrite, rare galena, sphalerite, tellurides (gessite, veissite, silvanite, crennerite and rikkardite), bornite, rare tetrahedrite in quartz-carbonate viens with up to 0.1% Te and 10-30 g/t Au; and (3). post-deposit carbonate veinlets with up to 4.2% Ag, up to 0.11% Cu, up to 0.09% Hg and trace of Te. Yu. N. Pecherkin and others, written commun., 1984; Yu.B. Mironov and others, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 57 Bayan uul 1 48 51 10 N 48.8527777777778 115 37 40 E 115.627777777778 Au, Ag, Pb, Zn Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Grade of 9.36-123.0 g/t Ag, 0.11-1.46% Pb, 0.05 -1.06% Zn, 0.01-0.1% Cu. Reserves of 7 tonnes Au. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Contains higher grade (up to 250 g/t Au). Consists of a few quartz veins that range up to 5.0 by 1500 m that occur in a weak fault zone that ranges from 7.7 to 15.95 m wide. The deposit contains 9.36-123.0 g/t Ag, 0.11-1.46% Pb, 0.05-1.06% Zn, and 0.01-0.1% Cu. Heavy mineral concentrates grade up to 30.0-50.0 g/t Au in pyrite, up to 10.0-30.0 g/t Au in sphalerite and chalcopyrite, and 0.4-2.0 g/t Au in galena. Also occurring is lower fineness gold that ranges from one micron to 0.1-0.2 mm. High grade Au associated with rich polymetallic mineral concentrations. Also occurring are zones of berisite alteration that range from 1.0-2.0 m thick with abundant pyrite and that contain from 8.0 to 20.0 g/t Au. Quartz in stringers, from 0.1-5.0 mm thick and along with pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite, grades up to 100.0 g/t Au. Microprobe analyse of gold grains shows composition of 28.7-66.65% Au, 32.0-67.35% Ag, 0.2-2.5% Bi, and 0.3-3.8% Cu. . Yu. B. Mironov and others, written commun.,1993; Jargalsaihan and others, 1996. Mongolia M 50 58 Tsav 48 51 00N 48.85 115 23 00E 115.383333333333 Zn, Pb, Ag Au, Cu, Cd Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 6.48% Pb, 3.53% Zn. Resources of 420,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of quartz-sulfide and quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins in NW-trending, steeply-dipping altered zones hosted in Jurassic diorite, granodiorite and granite porphyry intruding Proterozoic metamorphic rock. The alteration consists of beresite (quartz-sericite-pyrite metasomatite). The width of alteration zone is 10-20 m. Metasomatic alteration has a zonal, internal structure, a central part that contains an assemblage of quartz-sericite-pyrite and peripheral gradual reduction of pyrite and sericite with chlorite and carbonate. Bodies are 700-1900 m long, 0.5-1.2 m thick and 125-500 m down dip. Deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, magnetite,chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and Ag minerals. Major gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, muscovite, eligonite, rhodochrosite, chlorite and calcite. In the area are also numerous occurrences of polymetallic vein deposits. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 59 Dornod 49 08 00N 49.1333333333333 114 29 00E 114.483333333333 U Volcanic-hosted U Medium Resources of 29,000 tonnes U grading 0.282% U. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurs in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rock of the Dornod uplift. Host rock is rhyolite, ignimbrite, tuff-rhyolite, and andesite-basalt. The deposit covers 20 sq. km with 13 tabular and stockwork bodies. The largest tabular body is No. 7. Ore minerals are brannerite, coffinite, titanite-uranium-bearing leicoksen, and nasturan. Most common are coffinite and nasturan. The grade of U ranges from 0.05% to 0.582% in bodies. Stockwork occurs along tectonic weak zones in rhyolite. The grade of U ranges from 0.06% to 1.0% (average 0.2%) in stockwork. Deposit was developed by former USSR. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; Ochirbat, 1998. Mongolia M 50 6 Kadainskoye 50o56"N 50.9333333333333 119o17'E 119.283333333333 Pb, Zn Ag, Bi, Cd, Au, In Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 3.5% Pb, 5.6% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of a series of veins and stockworks. Large Kadainsly vein is characterized by varying thickness, presence of gentle bends over strike, and dipping branches and pinches. Occurs in carbonate rock along the contact with a thick, extensive dike of lamprophyre. The vein extends over 360-560 m, downdip to 180 m, and thickness varies from 0.4 to 6 m (average 1.7 m). Deposit occurs in breccia, veinlets, and disseminations, and consists of rare massive sphalerite, pyrite, and galena. The deposit is intensely oxidized to a depth of 150 m. The large Osinovsky stock is wedge -shaped. The upper horizon has an area of 3000 sq.m, the lower one has an area of 100 sq.m. The inner structure of the stock is complicated by non-metalliferous limestone and abundant, intricately branching bodies of lamprophyre. The stock contains rich galena and sphalerite. The ore minerals occur in veinlets and disseminations. Gangue minerals are quartz, ankerite, calcite, dolomite, sericite, and rare tourmaline. Depth of zone of oxidation is 20-25 m. At the pre-deposit stage, the host limestone was altered to skarn, dolomite, serpentinite, and silica, and shale to pyrite. At the pre-deposit stage also formed Fe-Mn metasomatite. The syn-deposit stage consists of quartz-dolomite-ankerite metasomatite. Dikes of lamprophyre and granite porphyry are altered to beresite. Smirnov, 1961; Polyakova, 1963; Sanin and Zorina, 1980. Russia M 50 60 Erentaolegai, Inner Mongolia 48 25 00N 48.4166666666667 116 31 00E 116.516666666667 Ag Mn, Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Large Not available. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy- Deerbugan Consists of layers, veins, and pods hosted in Late Jurassic volcanic rock, mainly Mesozoic Yanshanian adamellite and rhyolite porphyry. Deposits are strongly controlled by fractures. Two ore mineral assemblages occur with Mn-Ag and Ag quartz-vein minerals. The Mn-Ag assemblage consists of chlorargyrite and psilomelane with minor argentite, iodargyrite, cryptomelane, coronadite, pyrolusite, manganite and limonite. The Ag quartz-vein assemblage consists of argentite and freibergite with minor polybasite, miargyrite and jalpaite. Alterations are sericite, chlorite, silica, adularia and carbonate. Deposit occurs in a Variscan orogenic belt between the Siberian and North China Platforms. Li, Henian and others, 1994. China M 50 61 Baruunsuuj Undur 49 10 30 N 49.175 114 06 00 E 114.1 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Average grade of 64% CaF2. Reserves of 270,000 tonnes, resources of 800,000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of more than 50 quartz-fluorite veins in Permian granite. Veins dip steeply, length along strike is 100-300m, along dip up to 100m. Thickness of quartz-fluorite veins is 1.7m. Major minerals are quartz and fluorite. D. Dorjgotov, written commun.,1990. Mongolia M 50 62 Khuvoobulag 48 54 00N 48.9 114 18 00E 114.3 CaF2 Fluorspar vein Large Grade of 41% CaF2. Reserves of 34,000 tonnes, resources of 167 000 tonnes. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Deposit consists of more than 20 quartz-fluorite veins in a NW-trending, steeply-dipping altered zone in early Mesozoic volcanic rocks and sedimentary rock. The alteration consists of silica alteration and kaolinite alteration. Quartz-fluorite veins extend several hundred m along strike and are 0.1-1.0 m thick. Major minerals are fluorite, quartz, kaolinite and calcite. Jargalsaihan and others, 1996; D. Dorjgotov, written commun., 1990. Mongolia M 50 7 Alenuiskoye 51 16 N 51.2666666666667 118 15 E 118.25 Pb Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 5.4% Pb. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy It is located within Paleozoic granodiorite-porhyries broken by the dyke of Late Jurassic dacite and andesite porphyrites and plagioporphyries. The ore bodies are confined to shear dislocations and consist of mineralized zones of crusing containing streaky-disseminated lead ores. There are five sequential stages of mineralization: silicate, pyrite, sphalerite-galena and arsenopyrite-pyrite, carbonate-quartz. Of greatest interest is the major ore body on the contact with the dyke of diorite porphyrites. The thickness of body ranges from 1-2 to 10-11 m. Mineralization is irregular. The major gauge minerals are gelena, pyrite, rarely sphalerite. The zone of oxidation is developed to the depth 25-40 m, contains unconsolidated or dense ochreous mineral with relics of sulfides. Schelkuniva, 1958. Russia M 50 8 Shakhtaminskoye 51o17'N 51.2833333333333 117o53'E 117.883333333333 Mo Cu, Pb, Zn Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Grade of 0.03-1-2% (average 1%) MoS2, 0.5-0.7% Cu, about 0.8% Pb, about 0.9% Zn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of over 300 steeply-dipping veins (30-800 x 0.2-0.5 m) having low-grade stockwork inbetween. Three types deposit mineral assemblages occur: early-quartz-tourmaline with rare disseminations of large-scaly molybdenite; average-fine-grained quartz with small-scaly molybdenite and rare pyrite; late one with pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, tetrahedrite, bismuthite, pyrarhyrite, gray ore, antimonite and native gold. Assemblages are zonally combined in the veins of complex composition. Stock-and veins of pre-deposit explosive breccia with dimensions of bodies to 500 x 600 m. The deposit minerals contain impurities (ppm): 10-70 Re; 10-30 Se and Te; 0.1-1.6 Au; 17.0 Ag; as well as Cd, In, Ga, Ge. Deposit occurs in the southern part of the multi-phase Shakhtaminsky massif (135 sq. km) of biotite-hornblende granite and granodiorite (Middle and Late Jurassic) cut by late Mesozoic dikes produicing the zone of 40 x 7 km. Granitoids are altered to K-feldspare, sericite, beresite and argillite. Pokalov, 1978; Sotnikov and others, 1995; Sidorenko, 1961; Kormilitsyn, 1973. Russia M 50 9 Aprelkovskoye 51o48'N 51.8 116o17'E 116.283333333333 Au As, Ag, Sb Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 10 ppm Au and 0.64% As. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Over 500 gold ore veins are available at the deposit, they are clustered in vein and stockwork zones. They extend from 100-150 m to 300-1200 m and reach 2 m thickness. Six stages of ore formation have been distinguished: scheelite-quartz , gold-quartz-pyrite-aresonopyrite, gold-bismuth-quartz, quartz-pyrite-tourmaline, gold-quartz-polymetallic, quartz-carbonate-antimonite. The most productive is clacopyrite - grey ore, tetradimite-bismuthine and sulphur-antimoinite mineral associations. The amount of sulfides in ores 5-10%, rarely to 40-70%. The deposit is located in the zone of Mongol-Okhotsk suture in greenstone rocks of Kulindinsky suite of Proterozoic age, hosting layers of highly carbonaceous graphite schists. Greenstone rocks of Kulindinsky suite contain 2-3 ppm of gold and are essentially ores of stockwork type along fault zones. The deposit encompasses dykes of lamprophyres, diorite porphyrites, granodiorite-porphyries, granosyenite-porphyries, etc. Skursky, 1996. Russia M 51 1 Huanyu, Inner Mongolia 51 25 40N 51.4277777777778 124 02 10E 124.036111111111 Pb Zn Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Small Grade of 1.67-4.3% Pb, 1.1-4.3% Zn. Huanyu Consists of a volcanic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide deposit (Kuroko, Altai types) with 16 lensoid and stratiform bodies hosted in interlayered greenschist and marble of the Erguna Formation. The ore minerals are mainly massive and consist mainly of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. Alterations consists of chlorite, epidote, and actinolite alterations. Shi Lindao, 1994. China M 51 2 Duobaoshan, Heilongjiang Province 50 12 00N 50.2 125 40 00E 125.666666666667 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Average grade of 0.45% Cu. Reserves of 2.37 million tonnes Cu. Duobaoshan Consists of disseminations, veinlets, and breccia in granodiorite and Late Ordovician, andesite porphyry and tuff in the Duobaoshan Formation. The granodiorite forms a composite batholith with a surface exposure of 8 sq.km. In the W part of the batholith is a several granodiorite porphyry with a surface area of 0.16 sq.km. Circular zonal alteration occur around the silica-altered porphyry and consists of K-feldspar, sericite, and propylitic alteration zones from core to periphery. Main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcophyrite and bornite, with minor molybdenite, chalcocite, magnetite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, and galena. A K-Ar isotopic age for the batholith is 292 Ma and K2O/Na2O is 0.5. Deposit occurs in a transitional uplift between the Daxinganling Mountain Range and the Songliao Basin. Ge Chaohua and others, 1994. China M 51 3 Tongshan, Heilongjiang Province 50 10 05N 50.1680555555556 125 43 15E 125.720833333333 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Not available. Duobaoshan Deposit related to an intrusion with a central porphyry facies and an outer granodiorite faces dated at 311-283.1 Ma. The bodies are lenticular and stratiform. Some bodies at shallow depths are located in altered Middle Ordovician andesite. Deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, molybdenite and minor amount of sphalerite and galena. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, epidote and calcite. Intensely zoned alteration consists of silica, K feldspar, albite, biotite, sericite, epidote, chlorite, and carbonate. From the central porphyry outwards to granodiorite, the following alteration zones occur: quartz core, K feldspar-silica alteration zone, biotite K feldsparation zone, quartz-sericite-epidote-chlorite zone, propylite zone. Most bodies occur in quartz-sericite-epidote-chlorite zone. Deposit is 4 km SE of the famous Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit and is in the same district as the Duobaoshan deposit. Zhao, Yiming and others, 1997. China M 51 4 Sanhe, Inner Mongolia 50 55 10N 50.9194444444444 120 51 40E 120.861111111111 Pb Zn Ag, Mo and In Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Grade of 16-21% Pb+Zn. Reserves of 360,000 tonnes Pb+Zn. East Mongolian-Priargun (Derbugan) Consists of numerous lensoid, lenticular and stratiform bodies 150-1500 m long and 0.5-30 m thick. The bodies are controlled by NW-trending faults and the deposit minerals are disseminated and massive. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and quartz, calcite, barite and others. The host rock is amphibole, andesite, quartz porphyry and quartz trachyte. Apparently zoned alteration includes silica alteration, sericite alteration, albite alteration, alunitization and kaolinite alteration. The host strata are Middle Jurassic. Gu, Qiaogen and Ji, Shaoxin, 1996. China M 51 5 Xieertala, Inner Mongolia 49 12 00N 49.2 120 38 00E 120.633333333333 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Medium Grade of 38.28% Fe, 0.7-2% Zn, 0.0057% Cd, 0.0008% In. Reserves of 58.51 million tonnes Fe ore, 0.27 million tonnes Zn, 1202 tonnes Cd, 159 tonnes In. Onor Deposit is hosted in a sequence of marine and marine-terrestrial alternating facies of intermediate-mafic--intermediate siliceous volcanic lava, pyroclastic rock and carbonates of the second member of the Xieertala Formation of the Late Carboniferous. The volcanic rock belong to eruption-sedimentary facies adjacent to volcanic vent. There are two zones. The zones trend NW, are 600 m long, 500 m wide and is controlled strictly by lithology of volcanic rock. The bodies are stratiform and lensoid and are concordant to host rock. Rich deposit minerals occur in lenses and pockets. There are three types of deposits: Fe, Zn-Fe and Zn. Fe deposit consists mainly of hematite whereas Zn deposits are mainly sphalerite. The hanging and foot wall of the bodies are garnet and diopside rock. Rich Fe areas have clear-cut boundary with host rock whereas the boundary between the lean areas and host rock is transitional. Deposit is interpreted as volcanic-sedimentary with later hydrothermal modification. Zhang Xianbao, 1993. China M 52 10 Bidzhanskoe (Kabalinskoe) 48 35 00 N 48.5833333333333 131 47 00 E 131.783333333333 Mn Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Large Average grade of 18.4% Mn. Reserves of 6,343,000 tonnes ore. South Khingan The deposit is hosted by metamorphosed sedimentary rock of Late Proterozoic - Early Cambrian age. Ore-bearing layer is intruded by Late Paleozoic granite intrusions at the Northern and Southern flanks of the ore field. The ore field extends for 8 km. It has width of about 2.5 km. The main manganese ore body occurs within high-angle dipping layer of 2 km length and of 0.2-7.2 m thick. The manganese mineralization extends for 270 m dip. Overlying Fe-bearing bed has an average thickness of 15.4 m. Structurally the deposit is located within the Western wing of complicated anticline composed of several sub meridional trending isoclines. Cross-cutting faults divide the ore-bearing layer into five separated ore bodies. The deposit include several ore types: hematite-braunite, hematite-psilomelane-braunite, and rhodochrosite-bustamite. The whole ore-bearing layer consists of several ore interlayers of 1-2 to 10-15 cm thick alternated with barren interlayers of 1-20 cm thick. The ore interlayers are composed of fine-grained braunite (85-95%) and gauge minerals (quartz, carbonate - 5-15%). The chemical composition of the ore is the following: Mn - 18.4%, Fe - 13.0%, SiO2 - 34.0%, Al2O3 - 6.5%, MgO - 3.2, CaO - 1.35%, S - 0.1%, Co - 0.5%, Ni - 0.1%. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 52 11 Verkhnebidzhanskoe 48 37 25N 48.6236111111111 131 29 42E 131.495 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.3-2.0% Sn. Malokhingan Consists of metasomatic quartz-sulfide lenses that range from 50 to 80 m long along strike and extend up to 70 m downdip with a maximum thickness of 10 to 12 m. Deposit extends for about 1,300 m. Predominante late-stage deposit minerals are mainly sulfosalts (boulangerite, jamesonite). Subordinate, early-stage ore-minerals are quartz, cassiterite and arsenopyrite. Alteration minerals are talc, calcite, siderite and dolomite. Both the sedimentary and volcanic rock is extremely rich in Sn (up to 10 clarkes). A Late Cretaceous rhyolite porphyry stock, that contains geochemically anomalous Sn (about 0.005%), is interpreted as the source for the vein Sn that formed during hydrothermal alteration. Deposit is hosted in Neoproterozoic dolomite adjacent to a rhyolite porphyry stock and occurs at a tectonic contact of the dolomite with Neoproterozoic schist. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 52 12 Kostenginskoe 48 30 00N 48.5 131 28 00 E 131.466666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Reserves of 163,900,000 tonnes, grading 31.7% Fe. South Khingan Occurs in the southern part of Bureya terrane. Deposit consists of three (Severnoye, Tsentralnoye and Yuzhnoye) stratiform Fe deposits that occur near the tectonic contact of Neoproterozoic dolomite and Early Cambrian limestone, sandstone and interbedded cherty, carbonaceous, mica shale and siltstone as well. The contact is thrust-faulted. The largest overthust of submeridional orientation occurs in the southern part of the deposit. Magnetite, hematite-magnetite and mixed Fe deposit mineralsl occurs in beds of 11-50 m thick in the lower part of Early Cambrian series. The deposit mineral layer consists of several individual interlayers of Fe quartzite. The thickness of interlayers is about 15-30 cm. Deposit contains 10-38% magnetite and 9.5-30.8% hematite. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 52 13 Preobrazhenovskoye 48 10 00N 48.1666666666667 131 56 00E 131.933333333333 Fluorite Be Fluorite greisen Large Resources of 927,700 tonnes grading 6.22% fluorite. Bidzhan Occurs in a Devonian(?) biotite-hornblende granodiorite pluton. The central part of the pluton is intersected by A fracture zone that is 1.5 km long and from 250 to 300 m wide. The fracture zone contains seven lenses of quartz-muscovite greisen with REE-fluorite veinlets and disseminations. Greisen zones range from 130 to 740 m long, from 7.5 to 57.0 m wide and extend to 100 to 150 m downdip. Greisen consists of quartz, muscovite and fluorite with disseminated wolframite, cassiterite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, monazite, xenotime and Be minerals. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 52 14 Pengdingshan, Heilongjiang Province 48 30 00N 48.5 129 47 00E 129.783333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Tuanjiegou Consists of low sulphide bodies in lenses, veins and nests. Area is underlain by biotite granite and granodiorite with abundant varied dikes, including fine diorite, diorite porphyry, and minor pegmatite. NW20-25-trending faults form the major direction of tectonic lines. The gold deposit is related to this direction of faults. More than 10 bodies are proven and they are usually 200-352 m long. The mineralogy of the deposit minerals is simple, including pyrite, arsenopyrite, trace pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Alteration in the area includes silica alteration, sericite alteration, muscovite alteration, chlorite alteration, kaolinite alteration, pyrophyllitization, pyrite alteration and arsenopyrite alteration. Deposit is granite-related. Jin, Shiqin and others, 1994. China M 52 15 Tuanjiegou, Heilongjiang Province 48 20 00N 48.3333333333333 130 10 00E 130.166666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Large Grade of 2-10 g/t Au. Reserves of 80 tonnes Au. Tuanjiegou Consists of vein, composite vein and pods in the inner contact zone of a granodiorite porphyry (K-Ar isotopic age: 100 to 112.6 Ma) and in the altered fracture zones in the schist of Paleoproterozoic Heilongjiang Group. Marcasite is the main deposit mineral and pyrite, stibnite, native Au, galena, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, realgar and orpiment are minor. The finness of native Au ranges up to 930. Deposits occur in breccia, vein, vugs and crustiform structures. The largest boby is more than 900 m long. Wallrock alterations are planar and superimposed and consist of hydromica, kaolinite, silica, sericite and bersite alterations. Deposit-forming temperatures range from 150ø to 350ø and three stages occur. Deposit occurs at the intersection of Wulaga fault zone and Taipinggou anticlinorium in the northern part of the Variscan Jilin-Heilongjiang orogenic belt, N of the Jiamusi pluton and Zhangguangcai orogenic belt. Xu, Enshou and others, 1994. China M 52 16 Chuihongshan, Heilongjiang Province 48 27 25N 48.4569444444444 128 41 20E 128.688888888889 Fe W Mo Zn Cu Pb Sn Fe-Zn skarn Medium Grade of 40-50% Fe, 0.45% Cu, 0.32% WO3, 3.30% Pb, and 2.43% Zn Reserves of 531,000 tonnes Cu, 121,600 tonnes WO3, 194,300 tonnes Pb, and 478,600 tonnes Zn. Bindong Consists of several skarn lenses that occur concordant to the bedding of host rocks and trend northwest along the contact between the alaskite granite and dolomite. The skarns occur mainly in masses, layers, stockworks, and veinlets. The ore minerals are magnetite, cassiterite, molybdenite, scheelite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. The gangue minerals are diopside, phlogopite, garnet, actinolite, wollastonite, clino-humite, and fluorite. Horizontal zoning in the main deposit occurs and consists from inward to outward of Mo W-Fe, Mo-W-Fe, Fe-Zn-Cu, and Pb-Zn ore minerals. At the contact zone, are contact metasomatic scheelite, cassiterite, and magnetite, and younger , and hydrothermal deposits of molybdenite and Cu-Pb-Zn sulphides. The host strata are Middle to Late Carboniferous slate, marble, and metamophosed sandstone and dolomite. Late Permian tuffeous pebble sandstone and intermediate to siliceous volcanic rock occur but do not contain skarn. Both sequences are intruded by granite. Cao, Jingxian, 1993a, b. China M 52 17 Wuxing, Heilongjiang Province 48 08 05N 48.1347222222222 129 30 40E 129.511111111111 Pt, Pd Cu, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Average grade of 0.289 g/t Pt and 0.490 g/t Pd. Reserves of 8.33 tonnes Pt+Pd. Wuxing Consists of two bodies in five gabbro and diorite intrusions that trend N-NE along an EW-trending fault. Deposits occur at the base of diopside layer and the top of an olivine-diposide layer in lenses and bands that range from several tens to 420 m long and from several m to 17 m thick. The deposit minerals are medium-to coarse-grained with local cataclastic textures. The deposit minerals occur in disseminations, masses, veinlets, stockworks and breccia. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, stibiopalladinite, sperrylite, cobaltine and about other 70 minerals, The host intrusions are widely but weakly altered with formation of minor chlorite and serpentinite in external alteration zones and alteration to amphibole, serpentine, chlorite, carbonate, biotite and iddingsite in the diopside-olivine layers. Qu, Xueqin and others, 1992. China M 52 2 Melginskoye 51 06 00N 51.1 131 21 00E 131.35 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Resources of 3,000 tonnes Mo grading 0.135% (up to 0.5%) Mo Melgin-Niman Deposit (approximately 4.5 km by 0.8-1.0 km) occurs in the NE-trending contact zone of granodiorite and leucocratic pink granite (Paleozoic-?). The contact zone is intruded by numerous dikes of microgranite and porphyry. Roof remnant of Proterozoic crystalline shale are preserved in the northern part of the intrusive pluton. Several fracture zones, stockworks and quartz-molybdenite veins occur. The intrusive rock hosting the deposit is altered to silica and sericite. Molybdenite is the main deposit mineral. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, bornite, scheelite, fluorite, and galena also occur. Deposit is unexplored. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; V.I. Sukhov and S.M. Rodionov, written commun., 1986. Russia M 52 3 Chergilen 50 54 00N 50.9 131 36 00E 131.6 REE, Be Felsic plutonic U-REE Large Resources of 690 tonnes BeO, 6.49 tonnes REE, 2,800 tonnes Ce, 360 tonnes Ga, 6,800 tonnes Zr, 965 tonnes Nb. Maximum grades of contains up to 0.022% Be, 0,2% Y, 0.19% La, 0.38% Ce, and 0.02% Zr. Melgin-Niman Consists of a late Paleozoic granitoid composed biotite granite, granodiorite, quartz diorite, and diorite. The granitoid intrudes Cambrian limestone and siltstone. These units in turn are intruded by a Mesozoic leucocratic granite. The late Paleozoic granitoid and host rocks are altered to quartz albite and albite metasomatite that occur in stockwork with a complicated mineralogy. The ore minerals occur are zircon, bastnaesite, malacon, xenotime, monazite, chrysoberyl, phenakite, orthite, cuspidine, caryocerite, britholite, magnetite, cassiterite, and ilmenite. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 52 4 Dzhalinda 49 08 59N 49.1497222222222 131 25 18E 131.421666666667 Sn In Rhyolite-hosted Sn Small Grading up to 30% Sn and up to 0.5% In. Malo-Khingan Consists of irregular ore pods that are emplaced in rhyolite that is intensely altered to beresite (quartz, sericite, and pyrite). Deposit occurs over a vertical interval of 10 to 20 m, in a volcanic vent and in adjacent rhyolite cover. Volume less than 100-150 m3. Sn occurs in cassiterite (wood tin) and associated with quartz, along with minor pyrite and arsenopyrite. Local dzhalindite forms intergrowths in wood tin. Deposit is genetically related to the volcanic rock with K-Ar isotopic ages of 90-95 Ma. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 52 5 Kimkanskoe 48 55 00N 48.9166666666667 131 30 00E 131.5 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Reserves of 221.7 million tonnes ore grading 35.1-35.9% Fe. Average grade of 35.69% Fe. South Khingan Consists of sheets and podiform bodies of banded Fe formation that occur in Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian schist. Banded Fe consists of magnetite, hematite and rare quartz, amphibole, garnet, cordierite. The chemical composition of the ore is the following: Fe-35.1-35.91%; SiO2-36.4-41.7%; S-0.18-0.22%; P-0.14-0.26%; Mn-up to 0.76%; Ti-up to 0.2%; V and Ni-up to 0.01% each. Deposit is divided into two groups: magnetite and magnetite-hematite. Deposit minerals are medium to coarse-grained, massive, or banded. Seven bodies occur and extend from 700 m up to 3,620 m and have thickness from 7 m up to 80 m. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 52 6 Diturskoe 48 47 00N 48.7833333333333 131 54 00E 131.9 REE Be Felsic plutonic U-REE Large Reserves of 4,138,500 tonnes ore; 162 tonnes Ta2O5; 582 tonnes Nb2O5; 582 tonnes Sn, 6,442 tonnes Li2O; 3,876 tonnes Rb2O; 989 tonnes Cs. Bidzhan The deposit is genetically connected with altered pegmatite bodies located within the exo- and endocontact zones of Early Paleozoic gneiss-granite massif. The host rock is represented of Late Proterozoic crystalline schists. Three pegmatite bodies were discovered and explored. The ore bodies have length from 156 m up to 1,800 m, average thickness from 3.9 m up to 10.7 m, and depth from 70 m up to 130 m. Albite and greisen mineral association is developed after pegmatite. Altered pegmatite contains beryl, columbite, priorite, monazite, zircon, orangite, apatite, lepidolite, cassiterite. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 52 7 Khingan 48 59 23N 48.9897222222222 131 14 59E 131.249722222222 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.6-0.7% Sn. Mined since 1960's. Malo-Khingan Occurs in a pipe-shaped, hydrothermal explosion breccia that intrudes felsic volcanic rock. Deposit occurs in 15 areas in a zone that ranges from 10 to 50 m across, varies from 100 to 400 to 500 m long, and at depth occurs in a symmetrical breccia zone that is about 250 to 300 m across. The zone extends to depths of over 1,200 m. At the upper levels, the breccia is replaced by chlorite, and at depths of 700 to 800 m, the breccia is replaced by quartz-muscovite (sericite)-topaz greisen. Most of the district consists of quartz, fluorite, and cassiterite with subordinate arsenopyrite, marcasite, loellingite, chalcopyrite, and Bi-minerals. Deposit is interpreted as probably genetically related to a subalkaline potassium granite with a K-Ar isotopic age of 80 to 90 Ma, a Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of 78 Ma, and an initial Sr isotopic ratio of 0.7123. Deposit has been mined since the 1960's. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 52 8 Sutarskoye 48 51 00N 48.85 131 25 00E 131.416666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Reserves of 163,900,000 tonnes ore; grading 32.7% Fe. Resources of 450 million tonnes. South Khingan Occurs in the southern part of Burea superterrane. Deposit consists of three (Western, Central and Eastern) serieses of stratiform bodies that occur in the Early Cambrian horizon of magnetite or magnetite-hematite quartzite and calcareous breccia. The host horizon is underlaid by Proterozoic schist and overlaid by Cambrian schist and dolomite. The layers dip NW at 55-65o. The bodies occured by magnetite, hematite-magnetite and hematite quartzite. The thickness of the bodies varies from 9 to 75 m. They consist of several individual interlayers of Fe quartzite. The thickness of interlayers is about 15-30 cm. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; A.G. Egorov and others, written commun., 1975. Russia M 52 9 Yuzhno-Khingan 48 38 37N 48.6436111111111 131 52 36E 131.876666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Medium Not available. South Khingan Consists of Fe-and Mn-bearing beds of magnetite-, hematite- and magnetite-hematite-quartzite. Beds range from 18 to 26 m thick and are interlayered with chlorite dolomite breccia Underlying sedimentary rock contains of braunite, haussmanite and rhodochrosite that range from 2 to 9 m thick. The Fe-and Mn-bearing layers are overlain by a dolomite sequence that is overlain by shale, limestone and dolomite. Deposit has not been developed because of difficulties with grade and steeply-dipping beds. The largest deposits at Kimkanskoe, Kostenginskoe and Yuzhno Khingan contain approximately 3 billion tonnes ore. Mineralogic and geochemical studies suggest a sedimentary-exhalative origin. V.A. Yarmolyuk and A.P. Glushkov, written commun., 1966. Russia M 53 1 Birandzha 51 54 00 N 51.9 133 00 00 E 133 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Average grade of 0.06-0.07% Mo. Estimated reserves of Mo up to depth of 100 m is about 3,202 tonnes. Ezop-Yam-Alin The deposit is located in North-Eastern flank of Turan terrane. It is hosted by Late Paleozoic porphyry granite intruded by Triassic (?) stocks of leucocratic granite and dikes of granite-porphyry. The host granite is altered up to greisen and quartz-sericite metasomatite. Mo mineralization occurs in mineralized fracture zones, vein lets zones, and high-angle dipping veins as well. The veins are the most explored. The extension of Mo-bearing quartz veins is from 135 up to 370 m and thickness - 0.2-5.5 m. The vein quartz contains dispersed impregnation of thin molybdenite flakes. Molybdenite occurs within the greisen along the quartz vein salvage as well. The molybdenum content is from 0.01 up to 0.54%. Other ore minerals are presented of pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, fluorite. Deposit is not completely explored. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 53 10 Boltoro 50 23 00 N 50.3833333333333 133 54 00 E 133.9 Sn, Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Large Resources of 130,000 tonnes Cu grading 2.89% Cu. Badzhal-Komsomolsk Devonian (?) limestone with lenses and thin interlayers of sandstone and siltstone is overlaid by Cretaceous volcanic rocks and intruded by Late Cretaceous granite intrusion. The limestone is altered up to pyroxene-garnet skarn in the contact with granite. Ore mineralization is located within the skarns and silicifided sandstone and siltstone as well. Two sites of intensive skarn-sulfide mineralization were outlined by surface exploration work (geological traverses and trenches). Rudny site is the most explored. It is represented with high-dipping (70o-85o to N-W) skarn zone of 120-150 m thickness. Sulfide and cassiterite mineralization locates along fractures of different orientation. Ore minerals include abundant chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, and rare pyrite, pyrhotite, sphalerite, magnetite, galena, cassiterite. Gauge minerals include tourmaline, fluorite, quartz. The content of Sn is from 0.3% up to 1.0%< Cu - from 0.5% up to 10.0%. The deposit is unexplored completely. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 53 11 Noni 50 20 00N 50.3333333333333 132 43 00E 132.716666666667 Au Ag, Cu Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 7-15 g/t Au, 20-50 g/t Ag, 0.5-1.5% (up to 3.0-5.0%) Cu. East Mongolian or Priargunskiy - ? Deposit is hosted in several steeply-dipping tectonic breccia in a fractured fault zone of 0.5-0.7 km wide and 5.0 km long. Bodies range from 0.2-0.3 to 10-11 m thick, from 100 to 450 m long and several hundreds m dip. Major minerals are an early assemblage of marcasite, melnikovite, pyrite 1, arsenopyrite 1, chalcopyrite 1; a late assemblage of pyrite 2, tennantite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite 2, arsenopyrite 2, boulangerite, bismutite, native copper. Gold occurs predominantly sulfides of the late assemblage. Gold fineness is ranges from 650 to 900. Au:Ag = 1:3-5. Host rock occured by Early Cretaceous sandstone and Late Cretaceous diorite. Moiseyenko and Eirish, 1996; V.A. Buryak and A.E. Perestotonin, written comun, 1989. Russia M 53 12 Durmin 48 06 00N 48.1 135 53 00E 135.883333333333 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Not available. Durmin Consists of five zones of hydrothermally altered, quartz-adularia-sericite, quartz-adularia, and quartz veins and breccia that range up to 220 m long and up to 7 m thick. The ore minerals are pyrite and pyrrhotite with rare arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Au/Ag ratio is 1:20 to 30. Deposit is hosted in Late Cretaceous, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite that overlie an Early Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone sequence. Stocks and dikes of Late Cretaceous granite, granite porphyry and granodiorite intrude the volcanic and sedimentary rock. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia M 53 2 Solnechnoe 50 47 32N 50.7922222222222 136 16 01E 136.266944444444 Sn W, Cu Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.56% Sn, 0.05% W, and 0.1% Cu. Mined since 1960's(?), mostly exhausted. Badzhal-Komsomolsk Consists of highly altered quartz-tourmaline zone numerous apophyses and occurs along and is related to a long NS-striking, left-lateral, strike-slip fault. The zone ranges varies from 0.5 to 15 m thick, is 800 m long and extends deep more than 500 m deep. Five vertically-zoned mineral assemblages occur, from bottom to top: (1) quartz-tourmaline; (2) quartz-arsenopyrite-cassiterite with wolframite, bismuthinite and scheelite; (3) quartz-sulfide (pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and marcasite); (4) quartz-galena-sphalerite; and (5) quartz-carbonate. Deposit is closely related to a K-rich granite phase of a gabbro, diorite, granodiorite complex with a K-Ar isotopic age of 75 to 86 Ma. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 53 3 Sobolinoye 50 40 33N 50.6758333333333 136 29 30E 136.491666666667 Sn Cu, W, Bi, Ag, In Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Grade of 0.3-0.7% Sn, 0.53% Cu, 0.06% WO3, 0.014% Bi. Badzhal-Komsomolsk Occurs in the northern part of Amutsk Volcanic Basin in a fault-bounded district that covers an anrea of 5.4 sq.km. Deposit is bounded by the Leningradskiy thrust that dips W at a low angle (48o) and contains mylonite tectonic breccia. Along the thrust, folded Jurassic flysh is overthrust by Late Cretaceous andesite, dacite and rhyolite. Units along the thrust are intruded by Late Cretaceous a diorite and quartz-diorite stock and dikes. Sedimentary and volcanic and intrusive rock is cut by generally steeply-dipping (60 to 80o) fracture zones that occur in or near the thrust in feathering, strike-slip faults. Deposit contains about ten fracture zones quartz-tourmaline, quartz-sericite and quartz-chlorite. Zones range up to 1.1 km long and about 3 to 7 m thick, with some ranging up to 60 m thick. Deposit contains Sn, W, Cu, Bi, Ag and economic In. Quartz-tourmaline forms an older mineral assemblage that grades upward into: (1) quartz-cassiterite with arsenopyrite; (2) quartz-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite with stannite, fluorite and magnetite; (3) quartz-galena-sphalerite; and (4) quartz-fluorite-calcite. Host rock is generally altered to quartz-sericite and quartz-chlorite alteration in the upper parts of the deposit. G.E. Usanov, written commun., 1987; Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 53 4 Ippatinskoe 51 30 00N 51.5 133 55 00E 133.916666666667 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.31% Sn and 0.19% WO3 in 6 largest veins. Ezop-Yam-Alin Consists of veins and selvages in the northern part of a large granitic body. Sixty-five veins occur. The veins range from 2 cm to 2 m wide, extend up to 290 m along strike, and are prospected to a depth of 100 m. The veins occur in a NS-trending zone that is 3,000 m long and up to 300 m wide. Ore minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, and arsenopyrite, and rare chalcopyrite, pyrite, scheelite, sphalerite, and molybdenite, and very rare bismuthinite and beryl. Gangue minerals are quartz, muscovite, feldspar, fluorite, and rare tourmaline. Deposit contains minor Cu, Ph, Sb, Pb, and Au. Deposit is related to a fine-grained leucogranite with a K-Ar isotopic age of 75 to 90 Ma. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 53 5 Festivalnoe 50 40 43N 50.6786111111111 136 20 30E 136.341666666667 Sn W, Cu, Bi, In, Ag Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.4-1.0% Sn, 0.15% WO3, 0.9% Cu, 0.04% Bi, and up to several tens g/t Au. Mined since 1960's. Badzhal-Komsomolsk Consists of twenty-six veins associated with zones of quartz-tourmaline alteration. Ore mineral bodies range up to 1 km long and generally 3 to 7 m thick; locally up to 20 to 30 m thick. Ore minerals are complex and contain Sn, W, Cu, Bi, and Ag and economic In. Quartz-tourmaline forms earlier mineral assemblage that grades upward into: (1) quartz-cassiterite with arsenopyrite; (2) quartz-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite with stannite, fluorite, and magnetite; and (3) quartz-galena-sphalerite; and (4) quartz-fluorite-calcite. Host rock is generally altered to quartz-sericite with quartz-chlorite alteration in the upper part of the deposit. Largest bodies are controlled by a NS-trending, left-lateral, strike-slip fault. Deposit is spatially related to the K-rich granite phase of a gabbro, diorite and granodiorite complex with a K-Ar isotopic age of 70 to 90 Ma. However, age of deposit is interpreted as 70 to 75 Ma. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 53 6 Metrekskoye 51 56 00N 51.9333333333333 132 28 00E 132.466666666667 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Resources of 47,500 tonnes Mo grading 0.1% (0.02-0.85%) Mo. Melgin-Niman Consists of numerous (about 80) quartz-molybdenite veins that exhibit a complicated morphology and contain low-grade disseminated sulfides, mainly, pyrite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite and wolframite and Bi minerals. The veins occur in an area of approximately 1.5 sq.km. Deposit is hosted in brecciated and altered intrusive host rock that occurs along a contact zone of a late Paleozoic leucocratic granite that intrudes Precambrian gneiss in along the NE flank of the Buryea terrane. S. Sukhov and S. Rodionov, written commun., 1986; Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia M 53 7 Kapral 50 40 54N 50.6816666666667 136 07 47E 136.129722222222 Mo Cu, Sn Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Ranging up to 0.2% Cu, and up to 0.2% WO3. Badzhal-Komsomolsk Consists of quartz-sulfide veinlets, veins, and disseminations of pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, wolframite, and Bi minerals across an area of approximately 0.3 sq.km. Cu and W contents increase with depth. Deposit hosted in brecciated and altered host rock and in an area 3 by 12 km. Deposit occurs along a fault zone at the margin of an intrusive dome and associated with Late Cretaceous Na-pyroxene granite. Deposit occurs along contact between granite and surrounding Late Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rock. Country rock is altered to quartz-sericite-chlorite and locally to greisen. Gonevchuk and Gonevchuk, 1980, 1983. Russia M 53 8 Loshadinayagriva (Main) 50 33 14N 50.5538888888889 135 13 54E 135.231666666667 Sn W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.3-1.5% Sn, up to 0.1% WO3 . Badzhal-Komsomolsk Consists of quartz-albite-muscovite hydrothermally-altered rock, with deposit minerals in both quartz-tourmaline lenses and quartz. Deposit mineral assemblages are: (1) cassiterite-quartz with wolframite and arsenopyrite; and (2) quartz-sulfide (galena-sphalerite-chalcopyrite, stannite and stibnite). Sulfides are very minor. Deposit occurs in steeply-dipping NS zone along a left-lateral strike-slip fault and associated tensional fractures. Deposits are 920 m long, vary from 1 to 2 to 10 to 12 m thick along the main fault and extend from 480 and 600 m along tensional fractures. Deposit contains Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn and Sb (a few tenths of a percent) and W. Deposit related to a 75 to 85 Ma (K-Ar isotopic age) diorite, granodiorite and monzonite complex. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 53 9 Pravourmiiskoe 50 26 08N 50.4355555555556 134 14 58E 134.249444444444 Sn W, Cu Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.1-5% Sn, 0.05% WO3, 0.5% Cu. Badzhal-Komsomolsk Consists of disseminations and veins that occur in a linear area over 1,500 m long, 5 to 25 m thick and extends several hundred m down dip. An earlier assemblage consists of quartz-topaz-cassiterite with fluorite and a later assemblage consists of quartz-arsenopyrite-chalcopyrite and quartz-tourmaline with cassiterite and stibnite. Deposit contains Sn, W and Cu; Bi, Pb and Sb. Gangue mineral assemblages are quartz-siderophyllite (zwitters) with quartz-topaz greisen. Deposit occurs along an EW-trending thrust fault with small offset and is hosted in and is genetically related to Late Cretaceous felsic volcanic rock that overlie the large, shallow, granite and leucogranite complex of the Verkhneurmiisky batholith with K-Ar isotopic ages of 75 to 85 Ma. The granite has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 95 to 83 Ma and an initial Sr ratio of 0.703 to 0.708. Ognyanov, 1986. Russia M 54 1 Agnie-Afanas'evskoye 51 56 00N 51.9333333333333 138 47 00E 138.783333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of about 25 g/t Au, maximum grade up to 1-2 kg/t Au. Mined from 1936 up to 1962 with production of 12 tonnes Au. Pilda-Limuri Occurs in a vein system that ranges up 0.5 km wide and up to 1.0 km long. System occurs in a anticline formed in Early Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone. Several diorite dikes occur along joints that cross host rock bedding. Veins range from 200-700 m long and 5-10 cm wide, strike northeast, and dip moderately. The veins contain mainly quartz, carbonate, feldspar, chlorite, and sericite with up to 1% ore minerals. The ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, chalcocite, and gold, and rare cassiterite, wolframite, sheelite, and molybdenite. Pyrite is dominant and forms disseminations and thin veinlets in quartz. The amount of arsenopyrite is less than pyrite and occurs in high-grade zones. Gold grains range from 1-6 mm, and occur in bunches, thin veinlets, and rare octahedron crystals in fractured quartz. Gold fineness is 790. Host rocks are altered near the quartz veins and contain up to 2-4 g/t Au. Moiseenko and Eyrish, 1996. Russia M 54 2 Dyappe 51 45 00N 51.75 139 15 00E 139.25 Au Sb, Te Ag-Sb vein Small Primary ore grading up to 5-6 g/t Au, oxidation zone gradomg up to 200-300 g/t Au. Mined from 1935 to1938 for Au and from 1941 to 1942 for Sb. Pilda-limuri Consists of low sulfide quartz veins and lesser vein breccia with pyrite, arsenopyrite, antimonite, magnetite, and gold. Pyrite contains from 40-50 g/t up to 1.5 kg/t Au . Ore gold is fine-grained from 0.01-0.1 mm up to 1.2 mm. Au fineness is 600-650. Ore contains Te up to 50 g/t, but Te mineralogy not investigated. Several veins, dipping at 65ø to 85ø to SE, are prospected. Veins and breccia range from a 4 to 45 cm thick and from 30 to 800 m long. Deposit occurs in the exo-and endocontact zone of diorite stock that intrudes Late Cretaceous black shale. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia M 54 3 Uchaminskoye 51 43 00N 51.7166666666667 138 41 00E 138.683333333333 Au Ag, Pb, Sn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grade of 7.0-12.2 g/t Au, 30-70 g/t Ag, 0.5-1.0% Pb, 0.03-0.5% Sn. Pilda-Limuri Occurs in folded Early Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone that is intruded by a Late Cretaceous granite porphyry stock and lamprophyre dikes. Deposit occurs in a linear zone of fractured sedimentary rock that is about 1.5 km wide and 0.8 to 30 m thick. The zone contains several quartz-sulfide veins that range from 1.5 to 3.0 m thick and linear stockworks. Veins and veinlets consist of fine-grained quartz and sulfides including pyrite, pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite. V. Kochubey, written commun., 1955; Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia M 54 4 Tumninskoye 49 43 00N 49.7166666666667 139 42 00E 139.7 Au Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Production of 576 kg of Au from 1962 to 1966. Tumnin-Anyuy Occurs in the northern part of Samarka terrane. Deposit consists of low sulfide Au quartz veins that parallel, or rarely crossut strike in wallrock. Isolated granite porphyry dikes also contain Au. The Au quartz veins range from about 200 to 500 m long and from 0.2 to 6.0 wide (locally up to 19) m. veins are predominantly (90 to 95%) composed by quartz. Ore mineals are arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, gold and wolframite Gangue minerals occured, except quartz, by calcite, albite, adularia, sericite and chlorite as well. Gangue quartz contains locally contains numerous host rock fragments. Deposit is hosted in Early Cretaceous sandstone and siltstone in the Oyemku anticline that trends N-NE. The core of anticline consists of siltstone the flanks are composed by sandstone with interlayered siltstone. The main Au veins and rare dikes of granite porphyry, diorite porphyry, spessartite and malchite occur along steeply-dipping (50 to 60o) bedding faults. Bedding faults are widespread. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia M 54 5 Mopau 49 20 02N 49.3338888888889 138 46 57E 138.7825 Sn Porphyry Sn Small Average grade of 0.3% Sn. Tumnin-Anyuy Consists of lenticular zones in quartz-sericite rock. The zones contain abundant quartz-cassiterite, cassiterite-quartz-feldspar, quartz-cassiterite-chlorite and quartz-cassiterite-arsenopyrite-chlorite veinlets. The veinlets range from paper-thin to 0.5 cm thick and locally up to 10 cm thick. Where closely-spaced, the veinlets form an intricate stockwork up to 100 m across with high Sn content. The zones are over 400 m long and several tens of m thick. Some zones occur at contacts with diabase porphyry dikes. Deposit extends to depths of more than 200 m, is sulfide-poor and is easily concentrated. Deposit is hosted in a group of closely-spaced volcanic vents composed of rhyodacite breccia that is intruded by felsite porphyry intrusions and quartz porphyry dikes. Deposit is related to a major felsic pluton. The age of deposit interpreted as Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. Finashin, 1959; Usenko and Chebotarev, 1973. Russia M 54 6 Nochnoe 48 34 24N 48.5733333333333 138 34 48E 138.58 Cu Pb, Zn Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Not available. Kema Consists of a stockwork defined by a thick network of sulfide or quartz-sulfide veinlets containing pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite and covellite as disseminations and in small, massive pods. Galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, sulfosalts and molybdenite occur sporadically. Outer parts of the metasomatic aureole are mostly pyrite-bearing. Azurite and malachite occur in the oxidation zone with limonite alteration. Deposit has not been explored at depth. Deposit related to a Late Cretaceous and Paleogene granite porphyry stock that grades into rhyolite at the periphery. Deposit confined to stock. Concentrically zoned structure of the intrusion contains a hydrothermal alteration pattern that grades from the center to the periphery from quartz-sericite-biotite-feldspars to quartz-sericite rock. Host clastic rock exhibit argillic alteratin at the contact with rhyolite. The alteration aureole is 400 by 600 m thick. Gavrilov and Mamaev, 1988. Russia M 54 7 Moinskoe 48 05 48N 48.0966666666667 138 38 14E 138.637222222222 Mo Cu, Zn Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Ranging up to 0.3% Cu, 0.3% Mo. Kema Consists of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, molybdenite and rare ferberite that occur in zones of veinlets, disseminations and veins. Zones contain galena, sphalerite and molybdenite that range up to 3 m thick. Deposit occurs along a NW-trending fault zone about 3 km long that cuts a granite porphyry stock. Granite prophylitically altered to quartz, sericite, chlorite and sulfide along feather joints. Quartz-sulfide and sulfide veinlets and thin veins occur in hydrothermally-altered rock. Disseminated pyrite occurs in altered rock and in surrounding veins. Polymetallic minerals occur mostly at the periphery of the stock. Deposit is hosted in hypabyssal Late Cretaceous granite porphyry stock with numerous xenoliths of intrusive and metamorphic rock and garnet nodules. A leucocratic medium-grained granite body forms the central part of the pluton. Granite is oversaturated with alumina and contain moderate alkalies. Deposit not explored at depth. Pertachenko and others, 1988. Russia M 54 8 Sukhoi Creek 48 11 52N 48.1977777777778 138 11 59E 138.199722222222 Cu, Mo W, Au Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Grades up to 0.2% Cu and 0.01% Mo. Kema Consists of stockworks that are several hundred m across and in altered zones. Polymetallic minerals are dominant. The deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, molybdenite, sphalerite, galena, cassiterite, scheelite and pyrite; with significant Au and Ag. Deposit occurs in Early Cretaceous sedimentary rock that is overlain by Late Cretaceous volcanic rock and crosscut by deposit-hosting granitic intrusions with a K-Ar isotopic age of 73 Ma. Deposit is related to several granodiorite and granite stocks that are intensely hydrothermally-altered. Quartz-sericite alteration and medium-temperature epidote-prehnite-chlorite propylitic alteration occur at the core and grade into mica-chlorite-carbonate propylite at the periphery. Granite is locally altered to quartz-muscovite greisen with tourmaline and sphene and in a few places into a peculiar garnet-phlogopite rock with apatite. Host siltstone and sandstone are altered to orthoclase-actinolite-chlorite hornfels and the felsic extrusive rock is altered to quartz and phyllite. Petrachenko and others, 1988. Russia N 44 1 Kolyvanskoye 55 11 00N 55.1833333333333 82 27E 82.45 Sn W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Barlaksk Consists of quartz veins and greisen zones in the Triassic Kolyvan leucogranite. Veins range up to 60 cm thick, and contain cassiterite,wolframite, arsenopyrite, beryl, molybdenite and bismuthite. Gangue minerals are muscovite, K-feldspar, topaz, fluorite and lepidolite. Adjacent to veins are greisen zones that range up to 1 m thick. Composition of quartz veins is: from 0.27-12.5% Sn, 0.27-0.52% WO3 and up to 0.14% Bi. Also occurring are small-scale pegmatite veins with coarse-grained quartz, K-feldspar, muscovite, beril and topaz and rare cassiterite. Vasjutinskaja and Michailovskiy, 1963; Verigo, 1969; Kuznetsov, 1982; Roslyakov and Sviridov, 1998. Russia N 45 1 Barandatskoye 55 47 00 N 55.7833333333333 89 12 E 89.2 Fe Sedimentary siderite Fe Large Average grade of 29.7% Fe. Reserves of 2 000,000,000 tonnes. Unassigned Consists of siderite ore deposits that occur in Barandat sincline within the Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin. Thin interbeds and lenses of siderite hosted in siltstone and claystone, rarely in sandstones of Middle Jurassic age. Siderite contant in Upper Jurassic deposits decriese. Ore-containing argillite-sandstone strata is 180 m thick. About 30 concretionary siderite interbeds of 0,3-0,4 m thick (rarely up to 2 m) were distinqushed. Average total tickness of ore layers amounted to 2,4 m. Ores are fine-oolitic with size of siderite oolites 0,01-0,5 mm. Siderite contant in ores are 80-95%. Ore cement represented by fine-grained chlorite and hydromica with admixture of clastic grains of quartz and feldspar. Percentage of S is 0,3% and of P2O5 - 0,8%. Kalugin and others, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 10 Gavrilovskoye 55 24 00N 55.4 88 08 30 E 88.1416666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of Au quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins hosted in stock of diorite porphyry related to gabbro and syenite of Cambrian-Ordovician age. Three veins occur and range up to 2 km long and about 2 m thick. Also occurring are 20 smaller veins that are 75-150 m long and 0.2 m thick. Wall-rock alterations are beresite and listvenite alteration. Veins contain minor sulfides (1-2%). More abundant vein minerals are quartz, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, scheelite, calcite, rare gold, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite. More productive gold assemblage is quartz-pyrite-sphalerite-galena with admixture of sulfosalts and tellurides. Characteristic is predominance of Ag in Au/Ag ratio in minerals from 0.04 to 0.007 (average 0.014). The same ratio of Au and Ag occurs in wall-rock metasomatite. Roslyakov and others, 1977; Cheresov and others, 1992. Russia N 45 11 Kurgusulskoye 55 12 00N 55.2 88 38 30 E 88.6416666666667 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Average grade of 22.3% Al2O3. Kiya-Shaltyr Consists of nepheline in a large stock composed of urtite-syenite, nepheline-syenite, theralite-syenite and leucocratic theralite (Devonian). Host rock consist of Early Cambrian marble and schist. The area of the massif is 0.9 sq.km. Nepheline content in magmatic rock varies from 25 to 50%. Other minerals are feldspar, (34-63%), eugirine-augite (10-14%), alkaline amphibole. Nepheline rock contain about 22% Al2O3; 8-11% K2O + Na2O; 46-50% SiO2; 7-9% Fe-oxides. Dancig and others, 1988. Russia N 45 12 Tulujul 55 17 00N 55.2833333333333 88 17 00E 88.2833333333333 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Grade of 22-27% Al2O3 . Kiya-Shaltyr Consists of nepheline in the contact zone of the Udarninsk massif of alkaline syenite (Devonian) in gabbro roof pendants. These remnants undersent metasomatic nepheline alteration. Dikes and lenses of plagioclase urtite, theralite-ijolite, ijolite-urtite, theralite-ijolite and theralite formed in the zone of nephelinization. The five large bodies of 1.4-2 km long and some smaller bodies occur. Bodies are prospected up to 300 m at depth. Fe-poor and Fe-rich parts of deposit occur. Fe-poor areas consist of nepheline (50%), plagioclase (39%), pyroxene, hornblende and biotite, Fe-rich parts contain up to 20% melanocratic minerals. Average K2O + Na2O content is 10-11%. Kuznetsov, 1982; Dancig and others, 1988. Russia N 45 13 Belogorskoye 55 08 00 N 55.1333333333333 88 36 00 E 88.6 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Average grade of 21.5/% Al2O3 (47-52% SiO2; 7-11% Fe-oxides). Kiya-Shaltyr Consists of nepheline-bearing rocks making up the large stock-like massif of about 1 km2 in area. The massif intrudes marmorized limestones and volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks of the Cambrian age. The massif is composed of nepheline syenites and theralites containing 28-29 % nepheline. Associated rock-forming minerals are feldspar, titanaugite, aegirite-augite. Luchitskiy, 1959. Russia N 45 14 Barzasskoye 55 45 00 N 55.75 86 41 00 E 86.6833333333333 Al Bauxite (karst type) Medium Average grade of 41% Al2O3. Belininsk Consists of Cretaceous gibbsite bauxite in a contact karst zone developed in Proterozoic marble that is interlayered with amphibolite. Several tens of bauxite layers vary from 50 by 50 to 800 by 1200 m. The layers are separated by bauxite clays and are underlain by variegated kaolinite clay with brown ironstone lenses. Bauxite structures are clayey, earthy, stony, and pisolitic. Bauxite minerals are gibbsite, kaolinite, goethite, and hematite and intermixed chamosite, siderite, magnetite, ilmenite, hydromica, and quartz. Top parts of bauxite layers grade into light kaolinite clays with relics of gibbsite. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 15 Fedotovskoye 55 21 00N 55.35 87 21E 87.35 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 12-20 g/t Au. Martaiginsk Consists of gold-sulfide-quartz veins hosted in quartz-diorite of Fedotovsk granitoid massif of Ordovician-Silurian age. The veins strike NE and di steeply dipping, range from 100-150 to 300-500 m along strike, and are 0.3-0.7 m thick. They occur down to 500 m depth. Wallrock is altered to beresite. Ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, and galena, and lesser chalcopyrite and native gold. Total amount of sulfides is 2-3%. Fineness of gold is 720-860. Alabin and Kalinin, 2000. Russia N 45 16 Kiya-Shaltyr 55 00 00N 55 88 21 00 E 88.35 Al Magmatic nepheline Large Average grade of 27.75% Al2O3. Kiya-Shaltyr Consists of a large urtite dike that occurs along the contact between alkaline gabbro and Cambrian carbonate, volcanic and sedimentary rock. The alkaline gabbroid pluton is 2.1 sq.km. in area. The urtite dike is 2.3 km long and 20 to 200 m wide. Deposit gradually pinches out downward. The urtite contain 75 to 90% nepheline and 10 to 25% titanaugite. The dike contains 27 to 27.5% Al2O3, 40 to 40.6% SiO2, 4.5 to 5% Fe2O3 and 13 to 13.5% Na2O + K2O. The main sulfide is pyrrhotite with lesser chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, cobaltite, niine, sperrylite, gersdorfite, native silver and gold. Deposit has been mined since 1970. Luchitskii, 1959; Klyushkina and others, 1963; Smirnov, 1974; Drozdov, 1978; Sazonov and others, 1997. Russia N 45 17 Centralnoye 55 12 00N 55.2 87 40E 87.6666666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of gold-bearing quartz and quartz-carbonate veins hostd in Central granitoid massif (Cm-O), catting carbonate-terrigene and volcanogenic rocks of Cambrian age. Dike magmatic rocks, especialy spessartites are wide-spread. There were discovered about 200 veins that are 500-1500 m long and 0,1-0,7 m thick. Host rocks are hydrothermally altered into berizite. The veins are of low- and moderate-sulfide composition. At the upper levels of veins productive on gold quartz-pyrite-arsenopyrite and quartz-polymetallic associations whidely occur. They commonly form golden ore shoots, containing fine-grained gold of low fineness. At the lower parts the veins have commonly quartz-carbonate composition with disseminated pyrite and pyrrhotite and contain lesser amount of gold with somewhat high finnest. Lateral zonality in the ore field has been estimated. From south to the north decreases total amount of ore minerals (including arsenopyrite), increase size of gold grains and its fineness. Bazhenov, 1971; Ivankin, 1973; Bulinnikov, 1977. Russia N 45 18 Malorastaiskoye 55 00 00N 55 88 15 00E 88.25 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Small Grade of 62-70% CaF2 (in veins); 36-45% CaF2 (in ore zones). Unassigned Consists of steeply-dipping feldspar-fluorite veins, zones, streaks and disseminations of fluorite. Host rock consist ofthe Early Cambrian carbonate formations (limestone, dolomite and clay-carbonate slate) intruded by gabbro, gabbro and diabases, diorite, lamprophires, bostonite, syenite porphyry dikes. Veins extend 200 m along strike and have 0.1-2 m thick. The streaks and disseminations range to 150 m and have a thickness of 0.1-4 m. The ore mineals occurs in masses, streaks, disseminations and breccia. Deposit minerals are fluorite, feldspar, rare pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite. Kuznetsov, 1982; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 45 19 Ampalyk 55 29 00 N 55.4833333333333 86 32 E 86.5333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 29.5-33.1% Fe, 2.37-3.24% S. Reserves of 257,000, 000 tonnes. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of deep-steeping lens-like and bed-like ore bodies of magnetite-skarn hosted along the contact of a intrusive of Early Paleozoic diorite and Cambrian effusive-sedimentary rocks. The ore bodies are overlaped by Mezozoic deposits of 140-220 m thick. The ore bodies are traced from 800 to 1500 m along the strike and 600-700 m to a depth. The biggest ore body is 100-140 m thick, but others are from 9 to 19 m thick in average. The ores are mottled, bended, brecciated, veinlet-desseminated and massive. There are two mineral types of ore: magnetitic (86%) and sulfoarsenide-magnetite (14%). Reserves of sulfoarsenide ores are to 9,9 m.t. Magnetite ores contain associated minerals: pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, lellingite, cobaltine, danaite, chalcopyrite, vismutite, in minor galenite and sphalerite. The gangue minerals are: pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, feldspar, scapolite, quartz, calcite. Plymetallic mineralization supposedly connected with intrusion of Ampalyk alcali granite and siente massif. Mertvecov, 1958; Flfbin, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 2 Ust-Parninskoye 55 23 00N 55.3833333333333 89 10 00E 89.1666666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Sorsk Consists of veins and disseminations of sulfide polymetallic minerals hosted in a Devonian red-bed volcanic and clastic sequence. Host volcanic and clastic rock is dissected by faults of sublatitudinal and sublongitudinal strikes. The two types of deposit are: (1) disseminated deposit minerals in brecciated zones and (2) quartz-calcite, calcite-barite and barite veins of varied length and thickness. The most of the veins ranges up to 0.1 m thick, however, about 150 veins have a greater thickness. The major deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Minor minerals are marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, molybdenite, bornite, chalcocite. Deposit minerals are enriched in Ag (233 ppm Ag, gold occur also). Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 45 20 Agaskyrskoye 54 35 00 N 54.5833333333333 89 12 E 89.2 Mo Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Not available. Sorsk Consists of molibdenum stockwork ore body that situated in distant exocontact of Sarala granite pluton (470-480 M.a.). It is 2 km far from this intrusive. Host rocks are repesented by Cambrian andesite-basalt porphyry interbedded with rhiolite-dacite, tuff, limestone and shists. Leucogranitic dykes up to 20-30 m thick are wide spread. The dykes of syenite and monconite up to 15 m thick also occur. Ore stockwork has a horizontal lens-like form and is 300 m thick in the central part of ore body. The ores are streaky-disseminated. Density of veinlets is 1-4 per 1 m. The main ore mineral is molibdenite, associated ore minerals are: pyrite and chalcopyrite, rarely magnetite, bornite, sphalerite, fahl ore, galena, pyrrhotite, sheelite. Qangue minerals are: quartz, feldspar, sericite, muskovite, calcite, fluospar, dolomite. According to decreasing of Mo-content, ratio Mo/Cu to the depth decrease. Increasing of Zn, Pb, Ag - contents to the flanks of ore body is noted. Butalashvily, 1984; Pokalov, 1992. Russia N 45 21 Gromotukhinskoye 54 55 00N 54.9166666666667 88 10E 88.1666666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 7-12 g/t Au. Martaiginsk Consists of numerous (more than 100) gold-sulfide-quartz veins that occur in the roof of an early Paleosoic granodiorite and granosyenite massif. Host rock is marble alternating with carbonaceous-siliceous-aleurolite schist, and andesite and basalt porphyry and tuff. Along the contact zones, the host rock is transformed into hornfels skarn. Steeply diping (60-80o) veins have a sublatitudinal strike and extend several hundred m. Thickness of veins range from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The most economic veins occur with lamprophyre dikes. Minerals in veins are quartz, calcite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, fahlore, arsenopyrite, bithmuthinite, native bithmuth, and gold. Fineness of gold is 740-860. Scheelite occurs in quartz veins in carbonate rock. At the selvages of veins in host rock is beresite alteration. Deposit is partly mined. Alabin and Kalinin, 1999. Russia N 45 22 Tuim 54 20 30N 54.3416666666667 89 48 00 E 89.8 W Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Hosted in pyroxene-garnet and garnet skarn that occurs along the margine of large roof pendants of Cambrian limestone that are intruded by the early Paleozoic Tuim granitoid pluton. The deposit minerals are scheelite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, pyrrhotite and galena. Scheelite occurs both in skarn and quartz veinlets in disseminations and masses. Sulfides, including molybdenite, occur in quartz veinlets. In the district containing the Tuim deposit are numerous quartz veins (that vary from0.3 to 0.4 m thick) with disseminated scheelite and wolframite. These veinlets are related to a small granite pluton. Kuznetsov and others, 1966; Kuznetsov and others, 1971; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 45 23 Sarala 54 39 00N 54.65 88 38E 88.6333333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Average grade of 8.4 g/t Au. Martaiginsk Consists of a group of quartz-carbonate and sulfide veins hosted in Early to Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock that is metamorphosed and hydrothermally-altered. The veins are related to early Paleozoic gabbro, diorite and granite intrusives. More than 250 veins occur in seven districts. Two types of veins are defined according to size: (1) single veins that range up to 3 km long, 1.5 to 2 m thick (up to 4 to 5 m in swells) are the most economically important and comprise the bulk of Au reserves; (2) a more common type of veins that are several hundred m long (rarely up to 1 km), are 0.2 to 0.6 m thick and occur in beresite, silica, sericite and listvenite alteration zones. Grade of Au in altered wallrock vary from minor to 57 g/t Au. Deposit minerals assemblages are: quartz, pyrite and scheelite; quartz, pyrite and arsenopyrite; amd quartz, pyrite, sphalerite, galena and calcite. Average sulfide content is 4.75%. Native Au occurs mainly with arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Fineness of Au ranges from 483 to 911 (mainly 680 to 790). Miroshnikov and Prochorov, 1974; Sazonov and others, 1997; Shirokich and others, 1998. Russia N 45 24 Belo-Osipovskoye 55 04 00 N 55.0666666666667 87 18 00 E 87.3 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg Small Not available. Kuznetsk Consists of a steeply-dipping crush zone that strikes strike and occurs along the contact between a andesite-basalt porphyry dike and volcanic and Middle Devonian sedimentary rock. The zone is 800 m long and ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 m thick. Ore minerals are irregularly spaced and occur mainly in disseminations streaks, and breccia. Main ore minerals are cinnabar, pyrite, and marcasite, and lesser Hg-sphalerite. Gangue minerals are kaolinite, dickite, and quartz, and rare dolomite and calcite. Host rocks are altered to argillite. The deposit is partly mined. Kuznetsov and others, 1978; Obolenskiy and others, 1968. Russia N 45 25 Ipchulskoye 54 24 00N 54.4 89 14E 89.2333333333333 Mo Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Grade of 0.03-0.15%Mo; 0.06% Cu. Sorsk Consists of streaks, disseminations, and stockworks of ore minerals in the exocontact zone of a stock of leucocratic granite that intrudes mafic volcanic rock, and gabbro and diabase of Middle Cambrian age. Ore minerals occur 5-15 m from the contact of the intrusive stock and form around the irregular pipe that dips steeply. Thickness of bodies varies from 15 to 155 m (average thickness about 80 m). Ore minerals extend to more than 500 m depth and occur in numerous quartz, quartz-feldspar and quartz-carbonate sulfide veinlets that are 0.1-3 cm thick. Rare quartz veins are 10-30 cm thick with disseminated sulfides. Host rock is altered to K-feldspar, silica, sericite, and chlorite. Ore minerals are molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, fahlore, galena, bismuthite, and scheelite. Adjacent disseminated molybdenite is widespread along with Cu and Re. Chernov, 1963; Pokalov, 1992. Russia N 45 26 Kiyalykh-Uzen 54 22 00N 54.3666666666667 89 19E 89.3166666666667 Cu,Mo Fe, Au, Ag, Mo Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of a lensoid body that occurs along the contact of the Tuim granitoid pluton that intrudes Cambrian carbonate rock. Garnet, pyroxene-garnet and magnetite skarn and hornfels and quartzite occur along the contact zone. Deposit occurs in a district that is 900 m long and ranges from 1 to 50 to 80 m thick. Some economic deposits occur. The major lens like deposit is 550 m long and ranges from 4 to 76 m thick. The deposit minerals magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, fahlore galena, enargite and scheelite. The deposit minerals occur in veinlets, masses and disseminations in skarn. Also occurring are quartz-sulfide veinlets. Molybdenite occurs in zones in silica-altered granitoid in quartz veinlets containing disseminated molybdenite, chalcopyrite and other sulfides. Deposit has been mined. Kurbatov, 1934; Staroverov, 1934; Shamanskiy. 1935; Kuznetsov and others, 1966; Kuznetsov and others, 1971; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 45 27 Kommunar 54 20 00N 54.3333333333333 89 15E 89.25 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of stockworks and veins that occur in diorite massif are intruded by diorite and diabase porphyry dikes. Solgon granitoid batholith occurs in the district. Stockwork with gold-quartz veinlets system is conformable with general strike ofa large dike of bersite-altered porphyry. Gangue minerals in veinlets are quartz and subordinate calcite. Deposit minerals range up to 3% and consist of pyrite and rare chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, fahlore, magnetite. Native gold principally consists in quartz, rarely occurs in chloritic agregates. Predominant size of native gold grains is 0.001-0.01 mm. Coarse gold with size 0.5-1,5 mm also occur. Fineness of gold is 900-950. There is also gold in garnet-magnetite skarn that occurs along the contact of granitoid massif. Timofeevskiy and others, 1952; Korobeinikov, 1964; Okhapkin and Bozin, 1969; Smirnov, 1987. Russia N 45 28 Kupriyanovskoye 55 12 00N 55.2 86 31 00E 86.5166666666667 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg Small Not available. Kuznetsk Consists of Hg minerals in the fracture zone along the contact of Devonian andesite-basalt porphyry sill and volcanic and sedimentary rock (tuff, tuffaceous sandstone and porphyry). Hg minerals occur in irregular disseminations and veinlets. The main deposit mineral is cinnabar, accessory marcasite, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and hematite. The gangue minerals are quartz, hydromica, calcite and kaolinite. Host rock is argillite-altered. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia N 45 29 Glafirinskoye 54 07 00N 54.1166666666667 89 39E 89.65 Cu, Mo Fe, Au, Ag, Mo Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of veins and lenses in a contact zone of early Paleozoic granitoid with Cambrian carbonate rock. The zone is 800 m long and 100 m thick in the central part. Deposit contains silicified granitoid and garnet-pyroxene and garnet-magnetite skarn. Deposit occurs in skarn and endocontact part of granitoid massif. Three bodies and some minor lenses occur. The largest body N. 1, containing the main part of Cu, Mo and W reserves, occurs in the marginal part of intrusive. The body extends up to 400 m long and depth and varies from 1 to 35 m thick. The ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, and scheelite, with minor arsenopyrite, linneite, and spnalerite. The ore minerals occur in masses, streaks, and disseminations with Ag, Au, and Co. Kurbatov, 1934; Onosovskaya, 1937; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 45 3 Natal'evskoye 55 41 00N 55.6833333333333 87 52E 87.8666666666667 Au Au skarn Small Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of a group of Au skarn bodies with a complicated mineral assemblage that occur along the contact of the Ordovician and Silurian Natal'evsk granitoid stock that intrudes Vendian and Cambrian andesite and basalt porphyry and tuff that are interbedded with chlorite and carbonaceous-siliceous schist, limestone and dolomite. The skarn contains an older assemblage of magnesium-silicate minerals (diopside, spinel, phlogopite and serpentine) and a younger assemblage of calcsilicate minerals (garnet, pyroxene, wollastonite, tremolite and vesuvianite). Deposit minerals are mainly magnetite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and bornite and lesser pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, native Au, molybdenite and native bismuth. Fineness of Au is 760 to 820. Sulfides comprise from 3 to 8% skarn. The main Au-minerals are chalcopyrite and bornite. Skarn that is brecciated, recrystallized and slightly hydrothermally-altered (albite, actinolite and silica alteration) is most enriched in Au. Vrublevskiy, 1960; Vasilev, 1970; Alabin and Kalinin, 2000. Russia N 45 30 Pezass 54 41 00N 54.6833333333333 87 46 00E 87.7666666666667 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Kuznetsk Consists of Hg minerals in feathering fracture zones along the the Kuznetsk fault that cuts Riphean marble. Fracture zones extend up several hundreds of m long and range up to 10 m thick in swells. Hg minerals occur in small nests, veinlets and disseminations and in breccia cement. The major deposit minerals are cinnabar and pyrite and gangue minerals are calcite, quartz and Fe-carbonate. Cinnabar occurs along a 40 m strike interval, extends downdip to 40 to 70 m and pinches out. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia N 45 31 Spasskoye 54 13 00N 54.2166666666667 89 06 00E 89.1 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of quartz veins that occur in a fracture zone among the Cambrian volcanigenic-sedimentary series. The veins are 40-60 m long. The individual veins reaches 200 m long. They are from 0.2 to 0.8 m thick. The veins conatin disseminated pyrite, scheelite, galena and sphalerite. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 45 32 Balakhchino 54 06 00 N 54.1 89 20 00 E 89.3333333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 4-6 g/t Au. Martaiginsk Consists of series (about 30) quartz-gold veins in the Lower Paleozoic diorite massif. The individual veins are traced up to 1 km along the strike. The thickness of veins ranges from some cm to 2-3 m. Wall rocks are beresitized along selvages. Ore minerals are pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite , arsenopyrite, native gold, tellurides. Sulfide content is 2-3 %. Gold associate with sulfides. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 45 33 Nichkuryupskoye 54 01 00N 54.0166666666667 89 34E 89.5666666666667 Mo W, Sn, Bi Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Grade of 0.01-0.03% Mo Sorsk Consists of a stockwork of quartz and molybdenite in endocontact zone of Sarala granitoid pluton (Cm-O). Intrusive rock consist ofporphyraceous middle-grained and leucocratic fine-grained granite. Hosting granitoids with streaks and disseminations of deposit minerals are zones with K-feldspar, silicaand sericite alterations. Deposit extends up to 1 km along strike and 300 m wide. The grade of molybdenumcontent in deposit is 0.01-0.03%. There are separate places with more higher content of Mo into deposit. Deposit minerals are molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, rutile. Petrov and Mkrtychan, 1976. Russia N 45 34 Pezasskoye 54 47 00N 54.7833333333333 87 08 30 E 87.1416666666667 Zeolite Volcanic-hosted zeolite Large Average grade of 70% zeolite. Kuznetsk Consists of zeolite deposits in Triassic volcanic and sedimentary rock (sandstone, tuff and tuffite). Zeolite-bearing rock form several gently-dipping beds of 1.6-6.0 m thick. Zeolite-bearing rock series extends 30 km along strike. Zeolites are clinoptilolite and heulandite. Petrov, 1984. Russia N 45 35 Turtek 54 02 30 N 54.0416666666667 89 16 00E 89.2666666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of numerous quartz veins and veinlets in greisen-altered Cambrian-Ordovician granitoids. Deposit is of 150-200 m thick and extends up to several km with interruptions. Veins and veinlets are from 5 to 50 cm thick. The length of the individual veins riches 300-500 m. W and Mo minerals are related to the zones of greisen alteration of host rock. The deposit minerals are scheelite, molybdenite, pyrite, galena, rare chalcopyrite, bismuthine, native gold. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 45 36 Kayvinskoye 54 00 00N 54 89 16 00E 89.2666666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of W quartz veins in Cambrian schist, limestone, and quartz porphyry. Five veins from 30-120 m long, and 2-50 cm width occur. Ore minerals are scheelite, pyrite, and molybdenite. V. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 45 37 Verhne-Askizskoye 53 48 00N 53.8 89 41 00E 89.6833333333333 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of quartz-scheelite veins that occur in a fracture zone cutting an an Early Cambrian syenite and diorite pluton that contains numerous Vendian and Cambrian xenoliths. The veins occur in a 100-m-wide band. Five main sublongitudinally-trending, steeply-dipping quartz veins range from 80 to 440 m long and from 0.4 to 1.4 m thick. The major vein mineral is quartz. Also occurring are carbonate, albite, epidote, muscovite, and chlorite. Ore minerals are pyrite, scheelite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, and argentite. Amshinskiy and Sotnikov, 1976. Russia N 45 39 Lavrenovskoye 54 09 00N 54.15 88 16 E 88.2666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 37% Fe. Reserves of 73,300,000 tonnes. Resources of 170,000,000 tonnes. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of lenses and layers of magnetite skarn along contact of diorite and granodiorite with marbled limestone and metamorphosed tufaceous sandstone (Late Carboniferous). More than 10 bodies exists and range from 700 to 1300 m along strike, 80-280 m to depth and from 10 to 80 m thick. The deposit minerals occur in spots, masses, streaks and disseminations. The deposit minerals are (%): magnetite (30-90), amphibole (up to 90), garnet (up to 90), pyroxene (1-2), epidote (4-6), chlorite (1-3), carbonate (5-6), pyrite (1-3). Occurs pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, hematite, ilmenite. Average grade is 37% Fe, 1,5% S, 0.05% P2O5. Kuznetsov, 1982 Russia N 45 4 Komsomolskoye 55 35 00N 55.5833333333333 88 09E 88.15 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of quartz-sulfide veins hosted in Ordovician-Silurian gabbro and diorite stock that intrudes Cambrian carbonaceous and volcanic rock. Stock intrusive is oval with dimensions of 5x3,5 km. Multiple xenoliths of contact metamorphosed and skarn-altered host rock occur in gabbro and diorite massif. About 150 quartz veins occur in the five districts. Single veins range up to 1.5 km long and 5 m thick. Wallrock alterations are beresite alteration, silica alteration and sulfide alteration. Deposit minerals pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, scheelite, native gold. Native gold is associated with arsenopyrite and galena. Denisov, 1968. Russia N 45 40 Ityuiskoye 53 32 00N 53.5333333333333 89 55E 89.9166666666667 Cu, Mo W, Fe, Au, Ag, Mo Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of garnet and garnte-pyroxene skarn in a contact zone of an early Paleozoic granitoid massif with carbonate rock of Cambrian age. Abundant skarn bodies contain Cu minerals in branching, steeply-dipping veins that extend along strike to 150 m and down to 500 m depth. Average thickness of veins system is 15 m. Deposit is irregular and ore minerals occur in veins, mottles, and disseminations. The main ore minerals are pyrite and chalkopyrite, and minor pyrrhotite, magnetite, sphalerite, and molybdenite. Some quartz veins intersect skarn. Okhapkin, 1963, 1969; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 45 41 Usinskoye 54 01 00N 54.0166666666667 88 25E 88.4166666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Large Average grade of 19.12% Mn (carbonate ore), 27% Mn (oxide ore). Reserves of 98,500,000 tonnes of ore. Resources of 276,500,000 tonnes ore. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of bedded Mn minerals that occur in the upper part of an Early Cambrian sedimentary sequence of dark Mn limestone and interlayered mafic pyroclastic rock. The host strata ranges from 450 to 600 m thick, extends up to 4.5 km along strike and is divided into underlying and deposit-bearing parts. The lower part of the deposit contains five low-grade beds that are 2 to 3 m thick containing 10 to 14% Mn. The principal deposit mineral is rhodochrosite. The upper part of the deposit is more than 100 m thick and contains 10 layers. Thickness of individual ore layers ranges from 2.5 to 14 m. Primary part of deposit consists of rhodochrosite (more than 20% Mn), limestone-rodochrosite (0 to 20% Mn) and chlorite-rhodochrosite (17 to 22% Mn). Also present are minor silicate metasomate with bustamite, rodonite, ekmanite, rodochrosite, calcite, quartz, axinite and sulfides that occur along exocontacts of dikes and fractures. Deposit was party metamorphosed during intrusion of early Paleozoic gabbros and granitoids. Weathering crust occurs over all areas of Mn rock outcrop. Oxidized deposit minerals are psilomelane, vernadite and pyrolusite. Muchin and Ladygin, 1957; Mirtova, 1978; Kuznetsov, 1982; Bach and Batyrev, 1998. Russia N 45 42 Alguiskoye 53 42 00 N 53.7 88 58 00 E 88.9666666666667 Talc Talc (magnesite) replacement Large Reserves of 1,300,000 tonnes of powdery talc. Unassigned Consists of lens-like talc deposit in the exocontact zone of the Algui massif composed of quartz diorites (O-S), which intrudes the Upper Proterozoic dolomites with interbeds of limestones, clay and flinty-clay shales of the Upper Paleozoic age. Within the exocontact zone dolomites are replaced by (outward the massif): diopside skarns, tremolites, quartzites, and talcites. Talc deposit is traced up to 850-900 m along the strike and 200-220 m at a depth. It's width is 200 m. The composition of talcites at the average is 82 % talc and 18 % quartz. The crust of weathering is intensely developed at the deposit. The former contains a powder-like iron-free talc. Shevelev, Kuz'min, 1971; Kuznetsov, 1982; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 45 43 Balyksa 53 28 00 N 53.4666666666667 89 11 30 E 89.1916666666667 Mo Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of disseminated and nest-like sulfide mineralization in lens-like pyroxene-garnet skarn bodies at the contact of the Early Paleozoic granitoids and volcanogenic-sedimentary rock series of the Cambrian age. Ore-bearing skarns are traced from 50 to 300 m along the strike and from 100 to 250 m at a depth. Their thickness is up to 5 m. The major ore minerals are molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 45 44 Kazymchanskoye 53 22 00N 53.3666666666667 89 25 00E 89.4166666666667 Pb, Zn Sorsk Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Sorsk Consists of masses, streaks, and disseminations of Pb and Zn minerals in dolomite of Vendian-Early Cambrian age. Deposit occurs along horizons of intraformational breccia and parallel fractures. Bodies occur near contacts of carbonate rock and leucocratic granite at depth of 100-120 m. The primary Zn deposit consists of metasomatic streaks and disseminations in dolomite and local breccia. Galena occurs at intersection of fractures and contacts between dolomite and diabase dikes. Bodies form layers, nests, and pipes, and length of individual bodies exceeds 100 m. Local bodies form swells more than 20 m thick. The secondary carbonate-Zn deposits are widespread. The ore minerals are galena and sphalerite, and lesser pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, marcasite, andunative gold. Gangue minerals are calcite, siderite, ankerite, and manganocalcite. In addition, quartz, chlorite, sericite, and dickite occur. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations. Disseminated minerals in the fracture zone extend into leucocratic granite to a depth of 30 m. Kuznetsov and others, 1966; Lavertov and Kuzmin, 1971. Russia N 45 45 Sukharinskoye 54 00 00N 54 87 18E 87.3 Fe Zn Fe skarn Medium Reserves of 5,100,000 tonnes Fe grading 49% Fe. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of layers and lenses of magnetite skarn in Early Cambrian volcanoic, clastic and carbonate rock, intruded by granite and granodiorite. The bodies are concordant with host rock bedding. The bodies are from 250 to 1600 m long, from 140 to 700 m to depth and up to 120 m thick. The deposit minerals occur in spots, disseminations and bands. Main types of deposit mineral assemblages are: skarn with magnetite (with garnet, epidote and pyroxene), carbonate-magnetite (with pyrite, siderite, ankerite, dolomite, calcite, magnesite), amphibole-magnetite and phlogopite-magnetite. Economic assemblages are magnetite (S<5%), sulfide-magnetite (S=5-10%) and Mn-containing (Mn-2,5%). The grade of P ranges up to 0.3% and Zn up to 0.4%. Deposit is a contact-merasomatic type, but primary volcanic and sedimentary origin of Fe minerals are interpreted. Gorelov and Yashin, 1971; Sinyakov, 1975; Kalugin and others, 1981; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 45 46 Vaganovskoye 54 42 00N 54.7 85 04 00E 85.0666666666667 Al Bauxite (karst type) Small Not available. Belininsk Consists of karst bauxite deposits at the depressions of carbonate bed. Lateritic and sedimentary redeposited bauxite accompany them. Small bauxite bodies occur in separate funnel sinks. Bauxite have loose and stony structures, gibbsite-kaolinite composition. Age is Late Cretaceous to Paleogene. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 47 Uskandinskoye 54 23 00N 54.3833333333333 85 46 00E 85.7666666666667 Cu, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Salair Consists of lenses of pyrite-bearing Cu-Zn deposit minerals in schistose and metamorphosed Early and Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs nearly from the marginal overthrust dividing the Salair and Kuznetsk terrains. Host rock is metamorphosed (up to green schist facies) rhyolite-dacite porphyry and their tuffs, in lesser extent-amigdaloidal porphyry, tuff breccia, limestone, calcareoargillaceous shale, flinty sericite-graphite schist. Dikes of diabase-porphyry of 20-25 m thick occur. The two deposits containing a series of lenses of bodies occur. The first deposit is 700 m long and about 100 m thick. The major body extends up to 550 m along strike and has thickness of several tens m. Deposit contains Cu and Zn. The second deposit extends up to 500 m along strike and up to 400 m to depth. It includes the four lenses of bodies of Cu-pyrite-bearing deposit minerals. Streaks and disseminations of deposit minerals predominates in porphyroids, quartz-sericite and quartz-sericite-chlorite schist. Sulfides occur in masses, streaks and disseminations and in breccia and irregularly-spaced nests. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tennantite, rare galena, hessite, argentite. The gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, barite, calcite, and dolomite. Distanov, 1977; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 48 Urskoye district 54 29 00N 54.4833333333333 85 25 00E 85.4166666666667 Pb, Zn, Cu Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Large Grade of 2.4-5.5% Zn, 1.0-1.6% Cu, 0.13% Pb, 16-30 g/t Ag. Resources of 850,000 tonnes Zn, 405,000 tonnes Cu, 30,000 tonnes Pb, 730 tonnes Ag. Salair Consists of lenses and layers of pyrite-polymetallic minerals hosted in Early and Middle Cambrian volcanic rock. The area of the deposit is 6x2 km. Host rock is schistose and metamorphosed in green-schist facies volcanic and sedimentary rock. The most abundant rock varieties are porphyry and tuffs of intermediate and mixed composition.The units occur in steeply-dipping (70-80ø) isoclinal folds. There are three separate deposits (Novo-Urskoye, Belokluchevskoye and Samoilovskoye) in the frames of the Urskoye deposit. Bodies are controlled by local shear zones and consist of massive pyrite-bearing lenses and layers with superimposed sulfide polymetallic Cu-Zn minerals. Local lenses form an en-echelon system that reflects strike-sleep nature of the deposit-controlling strutures. Bodies extend from 130 to 600 m along strike and up to 700 m to depth. Hydrothermally-altered rock is several ten m thick and have zonal structure (away from body): quartz-sericite schist and sericite quartzite; quartz-sericite-chlorite, quartz-albite-chlorite schist. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, fahlore, galena, arsenopyrite. Bornite, pyrrhotite, argentite, altaite, hessite, calaverite, stibnite, claustalite occur in lesser amounts. Gangue minerals are barite, quartz, sericite, chlorite, carbonates, rare gypsum, fluorite. Masses, layers, streaks and disseminations of pyrite, Cu-Zn-pyrite and Cu-Zn minerals are predominant. The zone of oxidation occurs to a depth of 60 m. Distanov, 1977; Kuznetsov, 1982; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia N 45 49 Elgentagskoye 53 10 00N 53.1666666666667 89 20 30 E 89.3416666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Resources of 15,000,000 tonnes grading 25-30% Fe. Teisk Consists of lenses of magnetite in contact zone of Early Cambrian carbonate rock and gabbro and diorite intrusive of Middle and Late Cambrian age. Limestone is intruded by small stocks of granosyenite (Devonian?). Deposit is magnesium-silicate skarn. Deposit is a narrow band of metasomatic rock that extends along strike for 2150 m and 150-300 m deep. Thickness of zone ranges from 20 to 130-170 m. Deposit includes 11 bodies. The largest bodies N 1 and N 2 are alongated NE along major Teiskiy fault. They occur in numerous swells and apophysis. Others bodies are small lenses. The ore mineral assemblages are serpentine-magnetite; carbonate-magnetite; and phlogopite-serpentite-chlorite-magnetite with minor sulfides. Belous and Klyarovsky, 1959. Russia N 45 5 Goriachegorskoye 55 20 15 N 55.3375 88 50 15 E 88.8375 Al Magmatic nepheline Large Average grade of 23% Al2O3; 55% SiO2; 3.5% Fe2O3. Kiya-Shaltyr Consists of nepheline-containing rock in the Goriachegorsk zonal massif of alkaline gabbro and nepheline syenite of Early and Middle Devonian age. The intrusive is a steeply dipping stock that is discordant to host basalt porphyry of Early Devonian age. The deposit consists nepheline gabbro (leucocratic theralite), nepheline monzonite (theralite-syenite), and nepheline syenite (feldspathic urtite). Nepheline content ranges up to 40%. Feldspar is widespread. Accessory minerals in deposit are Fe, Ni, Cu, and Co sulfides, native gold, and native copper. Luchitskii, 1959; Smirnov, 1974; Kortusov and Grinev, 1986; Sazonov and others, 1997. Russia N 45 50 Teiskoye 53 10 00N 53.1666666666667 89 20 30 E 89.3416666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 136,400,000 tonnes grading 29.9% Fe. From 1966 to 1977 total production was 39.2 million tonnes of ore, with an average grade of 28.8% Fe. Teisk Consists of magnesium-silicate skarn and occurs in pipes of explosive breccia in Early Cambrian dolomite and limestone. Deposits types are magnesium-silicate skarn, calc-silicate skarn and aposkarn metasomatite. Magnesium-silicate skarn consists of forsterite, spinel and composition. Calc-silicate skarn is younger, replaces magnetite skarn and contains a complex mineral assemblage. Deposit forms a lens in plan view, extends more than 1,500 m along strike, is 1,400 m deep and about 300 m thick. Mineral assemblages are serpentine and magnetite (60%), carbonate and magnetite (25%), magnetite (5%), gematite and magnetite (8%) and carbonate, serpentine, phlogopite and magnetite (2%). Deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations, breccia, rhythmic layers and colloform masses. The principal deposit minerals are magnetite with lesser hematite. Ivankin and Sokolova, 1969; Dolgyshin and others, 1979; Mikubaev, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981; Mazurov, 1985; Sinyzkov, 1988; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 45 51 Abagasskoye 53 10 00 N 53.1666666666667 89 20 E 89.3333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 34% Fe. Reserves of 94,200,000 tonnes. Teisk Consists of deep-steeping lense-like and bed-like ferrous ore bodies in brecciated and metasomatic altered ortophire, sienite-porphyry and trachite (S-D1?), rarely limestone (V-Cm) and gabbro (Cm2-3). Wall rocks alterations are garnet-pyroxene skarn, epidotization, chloritization, carbonatization and hematitization. There are two bow-like ore zones conjuncted at the depth about 800m. The traced length of ore zones is 2500m by strike. The ores are spoted, brecciated and massive carbonate-magnetite, hematite-magnetite and magnetite ores are disting-wisht. The ore minerals are magnetite, hematite, mushketovite. The gangue minerals are pyroxene, garnet, epidote, quartz, actinolite, chlorite, serpentine, ilvaite, minor scapolite, tremolite, talc. Pyrit, pyrrhotite, chalcoperite occures. Dolgushin, 1976, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981; Gorelov, 1979. Russia N 45 52 Kamenushinskoye 54 19 00N 54.3166666666667 85 46E 85.7666666666667 Cu Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Average grade of 1.71% Cu. Reserves of 110,000 tonnes Cu. Salair Consistsof streaks and disseminations of Cu sulfides in shear zones in a dacite quartz-porphyry that intrudes tuff and tuff breccia. Host rock is altered to silica, sericite, argillite, and propylite. Host and altered rock are cut by diabase and gabbro dikes that range from 0.5 to 45 m thick. Deposit dimensions are 100 by 300 by 500 m. Deposit contains some parallel and en-echelon lenses and layers that are concordant with host rock and dip steeply. Individual deposit bodies extend from 40 to 420 m along strike. Ore minerals are pyrite and chalcopyrite, and lesser tennantite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrhotite, and molybdenite. Gangue minerals are quartz and lesser chlorite, sericite, dolomite, calcite, ankerite, barite, and fluorite. A gossan occurs to 70-80 m depth. A weak zone of secondary enrichment slightly occurs, is 1-3 m thick, and consists of bornite, chalcocite, and covellite. Lapuchov, 1975; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 53 Izykhgolskoye 53 12 00N 53.2 89 07 E 89.1166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 43.8% Fe. Reserves of 11,100,000 tonnes. Teisk Consists of magnetite lenses in a breccia zone in Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Hydrothermaly-altered diabase in brecciated zone are wide-spread. Pyroxene is a principal mineral in altered diabases. There are 13 lenses of bodies ranging from 20-26 m thick and extend to 260 m depth. The main ore minerals are magnetite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are serpentine, chlorite, epidote, quartz, and amphibole. Average grades are 43.8% Fe, 1.77% S and 0.19% P. Belous, Klyarovsky, 1959; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 45 54 Mavrinskoye 54 38 00N 54.6333333333333 84 42 00E 84.7 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Not available. Mavrinsk Consists of Hg minerals in a fracture zone related to a fault in a graben with Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock and Cambrian limestone, sandstone, and quartzite. The Hg deposits occur in crush zones along the margin of and in quartzite. Deposit minerals occur in breccia and disseminations. Main deposit minerals are cinnabar and accessory mineals are pyrite, barite, fluorite, quartz and calcite. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia N 45 55 Salairskoye 54 14 00N 54.2333333333333 85 47 00E 85.7833333333333 Pb, Zn, Ag, Au Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Large Average grade of 0.13% Pb, 2.42% Zn, 8.5 g/t Ag, 11.22% BaSO4. Reserves of 72,400 tonnes Pb, 545,700 tonnes Zn, 219 tonnes Ag, 2,812,000 tonnes BaSO4. Salair Consists of masses, streaks and disseminations of barite-polymetallic metasomatite that is hosted in intensely schistose Early to Middle Cambrian volcanic rock. Deposit occurs in the Salair district in a large lens (4 by 1.5 km) of volcanic and subvolcanic porphyry that intrudes Early Cambrian limestone. Deposit is hosted in rhyolite and dacite lava and tuff, porphyry and argillaceous and carbonaceous shale. Stratified rock is intruded by Devonian and Early Carboniferous rhyolite and dacite quartz porphyry that in the central and western parts of the district deep. Numerous of diabase porphyry dikes occur in the district. Deposits occur in steeply-dipping, sublongitudinal shear zones. Deposits consist of complex lenses with masses, streaks and disseminations. The major deposits occur in quartz porphyry intrusions and contain economic ores to a depth of 400 to 450 m. The deposit minerals are barite and polymetallic sulfide with low Fe-sulfides. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and fahlore. Minerals are argentite, magnetite and hematite. Gangue minerals are barite, quartz, carbonate, albite, sericite, chlorite and rare fluorite. Deposits are mainly massive banded quartz, barite and sulfide that grade into spots, bands and disseminations. Zone of oxidation is 25 to 170 m deep. An age of Middle Devonian to Early Carboniferous is interpreted for the quartz porphyry intrusion. Deposit has been mined. Lapukhov, 1966; Distanov, 1964, 1977, 1983; Kuznetsov, 1982; Sharov and others, 1998. Russia N 45 56 Oktyabrskoye 4 54 30 00N 54.5 84 55 00E 84.9166666666667 Al Bauxite (karst type) Large Reserves of 1,090,000 tonnes grading 33.23-53.44% Al2O3. Berdsko-Maisk Consists of diaspore bauxite that occurs at the base of dark-grey Early Devonian (Emsian) limestone. Deposit has an irregular average thickness of 2 m. Deposit horizon morphology is a fundtion of surface irregularities in underlying Early Devonian (Praghian) limestone. The top of the horizon grades into overlying limestone. Along strike and downdip, bauxite grades into shale and sandstone. Deposit consists of argillo-leptochlorite shale with minor diaspore (33.23% Al2O3); diaspore-chlorite bauxite (45.31% Al2O3;); diaspore-bauxite (53.44% Al2O3); and calcareous bauxite with diaspore (36.62% Al2O3). Diaspore-chlorite bauxite is dominant. Diaspore bauxite contains up to 0.36% S. Deposit extends 600 m along strike and to a depth of 250 m. Nagorskiy, 1958; Ageenko, 1970; Kuznetsov, 1982; Roslyakov, Sviridov, 1998. Russia N 45 57 Novogodneye 54 28 00N 54.4666666666667 84 59 00E 84.9833333333333 Al Bauxite (karst type) Large Grade of 45.7-51.4% Al2O3. Reserves of 1,000,000 tonnes. Berdsko-Maisk Consists of bauxite deposits in the base of dark-grey Emsian (Early Devonian) limestone. Deposit horizon varies from 0.7 to 4.42 m thick (2.18 on the average). To the top, horizon gradually turns into overlying limestone and along strike and down depth changed by clay shale and sandstone. Deposit consists of clay-leptochlorite shale with minor diaspore; diaspore-chlorite bauxite; diaspore bauxite; calcareous bauxite with diaspore. Deposit minerals diaspore, Fe-hydroxides, mica, chlorite, quartz, pyrite. Admixtures of Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, V, Mo are noted. Nagorskiy, 1958; Ageenko, 1970; Kuznetsov, 1982; Roslyakov and Sviridov, 1998. Russia N 45 58 Durnovskoye 54 39 00N 54.65 84 17E 84.2833333333333 Mn Au Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Large Average grade of 19.8% Mn. Reserves of 577,600 tonnes. Unassigned Consists of Mn lenses hosted in carbonaceous-volcanogenic rock of Early Cambrian age. Volcanic rock is mainly siliceous. Hausmannite-braunite and manganocalcite deposits are conformable witn host rock. Ore strata is about 40-50 m thick. Nine bodies occur and range from 200x300 m in plan vlew and from 1.5 to 5.0 m thick. In the oxidized zone, the ore mineral is mainly psilomelane. Admixtures of Au, Sb, Pb, Zn, and Ag occur. Deposit was mined in 1941-1943 mainly in zone of oxidation. Smirnov, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982; Bach and Batyrev, 1998. Russia N 45 59 Khaileolovskoye 52 58 00N 52.9666666666667 89 16E 89.2666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 40% Fe; 0.54% S; 0.17% P2O5. Reserves of 14,800,000 tonnes. Resources of 200,000,000 tonnes. Teisk Consists of lenses and veins of magnetite in carbonate-siliceous rock of Cambrian age, that are intruded by gabbro of Silurian age. Wallrock alterations are albite, amphibole, scapolite, phlogopite, and chlorite skarn. Deposit occurs in narrow brecciated zones in apogabbroic albitite. Deposit extends up to 8 km along the Balyksa fault. Separate bodies range from 450 to 700 m along strike, 400-500 m to depth, and 5-10 m (rarely up to 30 m) thick. Seventeen bodies occur. The ore minerals are generally brecciated. The principal ore mineral is magnetite. Hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite also occur. The gangue minerals are diopside, chlorite, amphibole, actinolite, and serpentine. Indukaev, 1972; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 45 6 Andrushkina River 55 16 00 N 55.2666666666667 89 00 00 E 89 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Grade of 24% Al2O3, 47% SiO2, 0.1-0.3% P2O5. Kiya-Shaltyr Consists of gently pitching bed-like bodies of bereshites among the Lower Devonian volcanogenic rocks. There are eight bjerezite bodies which occur within the band of 10 km long. Separate intrusive bodies of 50-500 m thick were traced from 150 to 3700 m along the strike. Nepheline content in bjerezites is 20-55 %. Nepheline was often replaced by cancrinite, hydromica, and zeolites. Luchitskiy, 1959; Klyushkina and others, 1963; Smirnov, 1974; Dancig, 1988. Russia N 45 60 Orlinogorskoye 54 08 00N 54.1333333333333 85 46 00E 85.7666666666667 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Not available. Mavrinsk Occurs along a fault zone between the Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock and Late Cambrian calcareous sandstone. The Hg minerals occur beneath stratified Fe-quartzite and hematite that serve as structural and lithologic screen. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations, streaks, masses, lenses and nests. Main deposit minerals are cinnabar, schwazite, pyrite and hematite and gangue minerals are quartz, barite, dickite and calcite. Host porphyry, tuff and sandstone are generally hydrothermally-altered to argillite, partly silica and barite. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia N 45 61 Berdsko-Maiskoye 54 20 00 N 54.3333333333333 85 07 00 E 85.1166666666667 Al Sedimentary bauxite Medium Not available. Berdsko-Maisk Consists of bauxite horizons that occur at the boundary between Middle and Early Devonian limestone that is intruded by Paleozoic granitoid dikes. The bauxite horizon ranges up to 20 m thick. The deposits and host rocks are folded. Higher-grade ores occur in the central part of deposit. Both leptochlorite-diaspore and chlorite-diaspore assemblages occur. Leptochlorite-diaspore assemblage contains 61.2 to 63.4 % Al2O3; 8.3 to 11.2 % SiO2; 2.2 to 2.4 % TiO2; 9 % Fe2O3; 4.0 to 16.6 % FeO. Chlorite-diaspore assemblage contains 45.3 to 51.0 % Al2O3; 15.8 to 19.0 % SiO2; 0.7 to 1.8 % TiO2; 2.7 -17.0 % Fe2O3. Sukharina, 1973; Smirnov, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 62 Patynskoye 53 13 00N 53.2166666666667 88 27E 88.45 Fe, Ti V Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Grade of 2.5-12.8% Fe, 0.5-7.8% TiO2. Teisk Consists of titanomagnetite layers in the differentiated Patynsk gabbro pluton that intrudes and metamorphoses Proterozoic and Cambrian carbonaceous and volcanic rock. The pluton forms a lopolith that extends over 100 sq.km. The pluton contains layers that are rich in pyroxene, amphibole, titanomagnetite, olivine and titanaugite. In upper part of the pluton are twelve layers of titanomagnetite-gabbro. The layers vary from 1 to 100 m wide, extend for 100 m to 10 km along strike and extend to a depth of 600 m. Titanomagnetite content in ranges from 5 to 20%. Deposit minerals are mostly disseminated. Small lenses (100x10 cm) of massive deposit mineral also occur. Associated minerals are olivine, sphene, apatite, actinolite, biotite, hornblende, epidote and chlorite. Gabbro contains of 2.5 to 12.8% Fe; 0.5 to 7.8% TiO2; 0.01 to 0.12% V2O5. Kuznetsov, 1982; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 45 63 Tashelginskoye 53 17 00N 53.2833333333333 88 13E 88.2166666666667 Fe Co Fe skarn Large Reserves of 87,900,000 tonnes grading 29.5-46.5% Fe. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of lenses and layers of magnetite skarn that occurs along the contact of Proterozoic and Riphian amphibolite and marble intruded by gabbro, peridotite, diorite, and granite. Metasomatic rock consists of magnesium and calcic skarn and aposkarn. The main bodies range from 320 to 1250 m long and from 220 to 700 m to depth. The deposit minerals occur in masses, lenses, beccia and in lesser veinlets and disseminations. The deposit mineral assemblages are are magnetite, sulfide-magnetite and martite. According to gangue minerals they may be differed to amphibolie, pyroxene-amphibolie, carbonaceous, garnet and biotitie varieties of deposit. In sulfide-magnetite assemblage, pyrrhotite, pyrite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite, and widespead minor cubanite, molybdenite, galena (up to 5-8%). Metamorphic recrystallisation is typical. Shepel and Tolkachev, 1976; Kalugin and others, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 64 Chilanskoye 52 37 00N 52.6166666666667 89 57E 89.95 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Grade of 27-48% Fe. Resources of 5,000,000 tonnes. Teisk Consists of hematite layers hosted in Eifelian and Givetian sedimentary, volcanic, and tuff. Low-grade layers contains about 27% of Fe in a horizon up to 43 m thick. Horizon contains layers grading 30-48% Fe, 130-420 m long, and 4-10 m thick. The ore minerals are hematite, lepidocrocite, hydrogoethite, and limonite that formes a breccia cement. Hematite is concentrated in breccia zone that cuts Devonian host rock. Veinlets and nests of recrystallized, colloform hematite occur in fracture zones. A dense network of hematite veinslets occurs in overlapping sandstone and locally form a stockwork. Belous and Klyarovskiy, 1959; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 45 65 Togulenskoye 53 57 00N 53.95 85 56 00E 85.9333333333333 Talc Talc (magnesite) replacement Large Reserves of 5,000,000 tonnes. Belininsk Consists of lenses of talc schist and talc in endo-and exocontacts of ultramafic massifs. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia N 45 66 Tamalykskoye 52 45 00N 52.75 89 25 00E 89.4166666666667 Phosphorite Sedimentary phosphate Medium Grade of 13-32% P2O5. Mrass Consists of phosphorite layers in Early Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Phosphate-bearing packet of 70 to 150 m thick extends about 8 km along strike and contains several phosphorite beds in siliceous carbonate rock. The richest beds beds extend 1.6 to 1.8 km along strike and vary from 3 to 50 m thick. Phosphorite consist of quartz microgranules (45 to 80%) and phosphate minerals (20 to 50%), along with carbonate, muscovite and rare pyrite. Phosphorite is metamorphosed into apatite and quartz-apatite rock along contact of a diorite inrusive. In these zones, P2O5 ranges from 26 to 32%. Secondary phosphorite occur in weathering crust to a depth up to 250 m. P2O5 content in weathering crust is about 14%. Phosphate occurs in F-apatite in both primary and secondary phosphorite. Mkrtychan, 1966; Gurevich, 1968; Kazarinov and Krasil'nikova, 1972. Russia N 45 67 Svetlyi Klyuch 53 08 00N 53.1333333333333 88 07 00E 88.1166666666667 Talc Talc (magnesite) replacement Large Reserves of 5,400,000 tonnes, Resources of 25,000,000 tonnes. Belininsk Consists of lenses of talc in Neoproterozoic dolomite along the contact zone of the Azass granitoid intrusive. Outward the intrusive's contact the following metasomatic zones occur: diopside, tremolite, talc and silica-altered carbonate rock. The six talc deposits of 350-800 m long and 15-80 m thick occur. There are some unexplored talc deposits of a few tens of m to 300 m thick. According to carbonate (Ca, wt.%) content, the three kinds of talc occur: (1) up to 0.08, (2) up to 6.2 and (3) 6.2-12.5. Foliated and fine-grained mica talc of 0.1-05 mm and 0.02-0.08 mm grain size, respectively, occurs. Kuznetsov, 1982; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 45 68 Obukhovskoye 54 09 00N 54.15 84 53 00E 84.8833333333333 Al Bauxite (karst type) Medium Reserves of 10,000 tonnes grading 28.0-64.52% Al2O3. Berdsko-Maisk Consists of corundum bauxite deposits on the rough surface of the Praghian (Early Devonian limestone. Deposit ranges up to 5800 m long and at the various parts extends to depths of 50-160 m; 240-440 m; and 480-720 m. Main deposit layer ranges up to 16 m thick (2.5 m on the average). Three mineral types of bauxite occur: corundian (64.52% Al2O3), mica-corundian (53.45% Al2O3), corundian-mica (28-42% Al2O3). The main part of ore reserves consists of the first two types of bauxite. Deposit minerals are corundum, diaspore, mica, chamosite and thuringite. Rutile, hematite, tourmaline, magnetite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and calcite also generally occur. Sulfur content is 0.63-2.26%. Sukharina, 1966; Rostovtsev and Suchkov, 1968; Ageenko, 1970; Roslyakov and Sviridov, 1998. Russia N 45 69 Kedrovskoye 53 18 00N 53.3 87 20 00E 87.3333333333333 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of streaks and disseminations of galena-sphalerite in a steeply-dipping breccia zone in Cambrian limestone. Limestone and sandy-argillaceous sedimentary rock overlap and are intruded by the diorite. Deposit extends 400 m along strike and is 12-30 m thick. Deposit consists of irregular disseminations and veinlets of galena and sphalerite in association with pyrite and pyrrhotite, and rare chalcopyrite, magnetite, and arsenopyrite. Gangue minerals are calcite, siderite, and chlorite, and lesser quartz, ankerite, and dolomite. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 7 Staro-Berikul 55 30 00N 55.5 88 10E 88.1666666666667 Au Granitoid related Au vein Medium Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of steeply-dipping gold-bearing quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins hosted in Early Cambrian porphyry at the exoconact of Dudetsk gabbro and diorite and syenite massif. Dikes of various ages are wide-spread. More than 100 veins of 300-800 m long and 0.1-0.7 m thick occur. A single veins are thick up to 4 m in swells. Local veins extend into gabbro and diorite. At the upper levels of veins enriched of gold quartz-arsenopyrite-polymetallic minerals widely occur. At depth they grade into lesser gold containing pyrite-arsenopyrite ones. In the root zone of vein pyrrhotite appears in significant amounts and gold decreases. Local vein pinching occurs with a decrease in sulfides and lesser calcite. Wallrocks intensely altered to beresite and listvenite. Deposit has been mined. Scherbakov and Roclyakov, 1970, 1976; Bulinnikov and Denisenko, 1983; Cheresov and others, 1992. Russia N 45 70 Telbes 53 16 00N 53.2666666666667 87 23E 87.3833333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 1,680,000 tonnes grading 42.5% Fe. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of irregular and lenses of magnetite-skarns. The host rock consists of Pennsylvanian porphyry, interbedded limestone and tuff and intruded by small granitoid stocks of Silurian Telbes Intrusive Complex. The bodies connected with skarn zone that extends 3,5 km long and are from 11 to 25 m thick and significantly deep. The deposit minerals occur in masses, spots and disseminations. The principal deposit mineral is magnetite. Garnet, epidote, calcite and minor pyroxene and quartz occur. Deposit is low-S. Deposit has been mined. Total output was 1,682 million tonnes of ore. Kuznetsov, 1982; Sinyakov, 1975. Russia N 45 71 Odrabash 53 15 00N 53.25 87 21 E 87.35 Fe Zn Fe skarn Small Average grade of 35.14% Fe, 6.22% S, 0.02% P, 0.12% Zn. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of series of lenses and interlayers of magnetite in Middle Cambrian volcanic and volcaniclastic rock. Host rock is altered to amphibolite and pyroxene-garnet skarn. The main deposit consists of 6 lenses of bodies. Deposit is 715 m long and 47.5 m thick. The deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations and layers. Deposit mineral assemblages are: amphibole-magnetite, amphibole-garnet-magnetite, garnet-magnetite and calcite-magnetite. Lesser minerals are cobaltine, glaucodote and Co-arsenopyrite. Deposit has been mined. Total output was 6.4 tonnes. Ivankin, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 72 Kul-Taiga 52 35 30N 52.5916666666667 89 02 30 E 89.0416666666667 Fe, Ti V Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Average grade of 13% Fe; 4% TiO2. Teisk Consists of layers of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in weekly differentiated Kultaiga gabbroic massif. Oval-sheped intrusive area is 20 sq.km. In top of intrusive horizon of titan-augite and titanomagnetite gabbro of 600-1200 m thick occurs. This horizon extends throughout the massif. Gabbro consists of plagioclase, augite and dense regular dissemination of ilmenite and titanomagnetite amounted to 1-3%. Other deposit minerals are olivine, apatite, pyrite, pirrhotite, chalcopyrite. Deposit minerals contain 5-25% Fe (13% to average); 1-10% TiO2 (4% to average); 0.01-0.15% V2O5; 1,5% P2O5. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 73 Pykhtun 53 04 00N 53.0666666666667 87 35E 87.5833333333333 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 30-40% Fe. Reserves of 17 000,000 tonnes. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of magnetite and hematite bodies. Deposit is hosted in Cambrian and Ordovician rock (limestone, sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate) inruded by Mostokol granodiorite intrusive (Silurian). There are two types of deposit mineral assemblages: hydrothermal-metasomatic (carbonate-magnetite and sulfide-magnetite) and hydrothermal hematite. Carbonate-magnetite and sulfide-magnetite bodies occur in a zone that is 100-180 m thick, up to 1 km long and 700 m to depth. Five steeply-dipping veins occur. The largest vein is 8 m thick and 700 m long. The deposit minerals occur masses, lenses and rare breccia. Content of magnetite is 50-70%. Carbonates consist of manganosiderite, calcite and dolomite. Associated minerals are quartz, chlorite, barite, biotite and on the deep levels: garnet, pyroxene, epidote, tourmaline, prenite. Average grade in carbonate-magnetite is 41-38%Fe2O3; 1,54%Zn; 0.03%P; 5,45%MnO. Sulfide-magnetite contains up to 40% sulfides: pyrite, galena, chalcoyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite. Host limestone is recrystallized and altered to quartz, sulfide, chlorite and sericite. Gematite bodiesoccurs in brecciated, silica-altered limestone and consist of colloform hematite, hydrotematite, quartz and chlorite. Quartz-calcite-sulfide veinlets occur. Grade of Fe in hematite masses is 34-36%. Ironstone originated by oxidation of sulfide-magnetite ore and occurs in karst cavities and contains 30-40%Fe, 1-11% MnO and small amount of P. Reserves of carbonate-magnetite are about 8 tonnes and ironstone ores about 9 tonnes. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 74 Kazskoye 53 04 00N 53.0666666666667 87 22E 87.3666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 38-45% Fe; 1-8% S; 0.02-0.75% P. Reserves of 120,000,000 tonnes. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of lenses and layers of magnetite skarn in siliceous, carbonate, and volcanic rock of Neoproterozoic age. Gabbro and syenite (Early Cambrian), diorite and granite (Silurian) and gabbro (Devonian) intrusives also occur. Five bodies occur and contain in 3 to 13 concordant layers ranging from 125 to 1040 m long, and 4 to 128 m thick. The ore minerals occur in masses, spots, breccia, disseminations, and layers. The principal ore mineral is magnetite. Associated minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, garnet, epidote, amphibole, chlorite, calcite, and flogopite. Deposit is being mined with production of 25 million tonnes of ore. Muchin and others, 1970; Sinyakov, 1974; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 45 75 Temirtau 53 02 30N 53.0416666666667 87 18E 87.3 Fe Zn Fe skarn Small Average grade of 44.2% Fe, 0.77% Zn, 1.9% S, 0.15% P, 0.12% As. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of a column of magnetite-skarn along the contact of Proterozoic volcanic and carbonate series and granite of Telbes pluton. Deposit occurs in relics of altered host rock in granitic massif. Mn skarn prevails and Ca skarn is less abundant. The size of body near the surface is 1250 x 520 m. It extends to a depth of 900 m. The deposit mineral assemblages are phlogopite-magnetite; phlogopite-pyroxene-magnetite and chlorite-serpentine-magnetite. The skarn contains associated ludvigite, asharite and sulfides (sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite). Admixtures of Co, V, Sn, Cd occur. Deposit has been mined. Total output was 40 million tonnes of ore. Lapin and Sharapov, 1964; Ivankin, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 76 Turgenevskoye 52 50 30 N 52.8416666666667 87 52 00E 87.8666666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of small lenses of streaks and disseminations of pyrite-polymetallic minerals in schistose Early Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock e. Host rock is siliceous volcanic rock and their tuffs, shale, sandstone, rare limestone and were intruded by plagioclase-porphyry dikes. There are three en-echelon deposits. They include the series of steeply-dipping lenses of bodies of 400-500 m long and 0.5-87 m thick. Pb-Zn and Zn sulfides occur in nests, streaks and disseminations. The major deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, rare pyrite, chalcopyrite, fahlore, magnetite, molybdenite, The gangue minerals are quartz, carbonates, fluorite, barite, albite. Deposit is oxidized up to depth of 35-40 m. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 77 Belkinskoye 52 39 00 N 52.65 88 21 00 E 88.35 Phosphorite Sedimentary phosphate Large Grade of 4-12 P2O5. Reserves of 170, 000,000 tonnes. Mrass Consists of bed-like deposits of phosphorites within dolomite-limestone series of the Vend-Lower Cambrian age. Phosphorite-bearing horizon is up to 400-500 m thick. It contains about 10 ore beds of phosphate-bearing limestones and dolomites whose thickness varies from 1 to 56 m. The total thickness of the ore beds is 96 m. Phosphorites comprise of fine intergrowths of fluorapatite, calcite, and dolomite. Sukharina and others, 1961; Eganov, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 45 78 Volshebnaya Zhila 52 16 00N 52.2666666666667 89 28E 89.4666666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Unassigned Consists of single quartz-sulfide vein hosted in Cambrian amphibole schist. The vein is conformable with host rock and extends along strike 20.7 m and 200 m to depth. Thickness of the vein ranges up to 1,5 m. Quartz vein is low-sulfide and contains pyrite, chalcopyrite, lesser sphalerite and galena. Gold deposition connected with selvages of veins and chloritic bands. Free gold has a banching distribution and associats with sulfides. The vein has been mined. Serdyuk, 1997. Russia N 45 79 Semeno-Krasilovskoye 53 32 00N 53.5333333333333 85 35 00E 85.5833333333333 Al Sedimentary bauxite Small Grade of 39-41.3 Al2O3. Belininsk Consists of bauxite deposits in crust of weathering of Cretaceous-Paleogene age. Pyrite-altered argillic shale and mafic volcanic rock served as substratum for crust of weathering. Crust of weathering is of linear-areal type and has kaolinite-hydromica and kaolinite with gibbsite composition. It has thickness from 5 to 40 m, in fault zones-up to 150 m. Bodies are from 0.8 to 6.9 m thick and are composed of stony and earthy pisolitic gibbsite bauxite. Deposit minerals contain 39-41.3% Al2O3, 12% SiO2. Kuznetsov, 1982; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 45 8 Novo-Berikul 55 27 00N 55.45 88 11E 88.1833333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of gold-bearing quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins hosted in Cambrian porphyry that are intruded by Cambrian-Ordovician Dudetsk gabbro, syenite and granite massif. Twenty veins of 300-800 m length and 0.1-0.5 m width occur. Wallrock is altered to beresite and listvenite. Sulfide content in veins is about 4%. Four mineral assemblages are distinquished among the deposit minerals: (1) quartz-scheelite-pyrite with chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, calcite; (2) quartz-pyrite, arsenopyrite with native gold and dolomite; (3) quartz-pyrite, sphalerite-galena with calcite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, native gold, lesser fahlore, Bi-minerals;(4) quartz-calcite-pyrite. Chlorite and sericite occur in veins in minor amount. Native gold is fine-grained and commonly associats with sulfides. More productive are quartz polymetallic and quartz-arsenopyrite assemblages. Kucherenko, 1970; Shirokich and others, 1991; Cheresov and others, 1992. Russia N 45 80 Taymetskoye 52 30 00N 52.5 88 17 00E 88.2833333333333 Cu Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Small Grade of 0.93% Cu. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of native copper in the Early Cambrian volcanic and pyroclastic series. Deposit is confined to the roofs of basalt flows and beds of pyroclastic rock characterized by highest jointing and porosity. One can distinguish the three deposits that are en-echelon. They are 400-800 m long. The individual bodies are from 23 to 390 m long. Native copper occurs in the form of dissemination, nests and interbeds. Individual interbeds of native copper range up to 1.5 m long and 6 cm thick. A nugget of native copper weighing as much as 2 tonnes has been found. Disseminated Cu associates with epidote, chlorite, carbonates, zeolite, rare actinolite and albite. Chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite and pyrite occur in quartz and quartz-carbonate veinlets. Cu in depoist ranges from 0.7 to 4.8%. Native copper is As-enriched (0.56-5.83% As). Sinyakov, 1997; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 81 Anzass 52 07 00 N 52.1166666666667 89 11E 89.1833333333333 Fe Co Fe skarn Large Grade of 34-38% Fe; 0.97-2.66% S. 0.09-0.18% P2O5. Reserves of 167,000,000 tonnes. North-Sayanian Consists of deep-steeping lens-like ore bodies of magnetite ores in Lower Cambrian volcanogenic-sedimentare rocks intruded by gabbro-albitites of O-S or Cm1 age. The host rocks are strongly dislocated. Metasomatic rocks contening albite, scapolite, epidote and flogopite are wide-spead. The ore bodies located within apogabbroic albitites and are of significant thick and stable by strike and deep. The halo of low-grade disseminated ore is also typical. The ore bodies that situated in aposedimentary albitites are much less in size. The main ore deposit is 1700 m long, up to 208 m (average 70 m) thick and traced to a depth of 600 m. The ores are mottled, bended, brecciated, rarely massive and disseminated. The main minerals of ore are: finegrained magnetite, actinolite and albite. The usual associated minerals are: pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, melnicovite. Admxture of Co in ores consistently fixed. Pavlov, 1964; Ivankin, 1974; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 45 82 Belininskoye 53 11 30 N 53.1916666666667 85 54 00 E 85.9 Ni Laterite Ni Medium Grade of 15% Ni, 0.01-0.09% Co. Belininsk Consists of Ni-bearing weathering crust developed on a ultramafic pluton consists of apodunite, apoperidotite serpentinite, and rare serpentinized pyroxenite.Seventeen layers and funnel-shaped shoots occur. The following deposit types occur: ferruginous-magnesian (1.15 % Ni and 0.01 % Co); magnesian (1.02 % Ni and 0.01 % Co); ferruginous-flinty (0.7 to 1.1 % Ni and 0.08 to 0.09 % Co); and aluminiferous (0.5 to 1 % Ni and 0.01 to 0.05 % Co). The ore minerals are nontronite, nepouite, serpentine, goethite, hydrogoethite, hematite, kaolinite, Mn oxides and hydroxides, ferrihalloysite, palygorskite, quartz, and chalcedony. Minaeva and Bykov, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 83 Sheregesh 52 33 00N 52.55 87 34E 87.5666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 184,700,000 tonnes grading 35.83% Fe. Production of greater than 50 million tonnes ore. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of a magnetite skarn is hosted in Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock including limestone, tufaceous sandstone, siltstnone and porphyritic trachite tuff that are intruded by gabbro, syenite and granite. The skarn consists of pyroxene and garnet and occur along exocontact zones of syenite that is the youngest granite intrusion. Pyroxene-phlogopite and pyroxene-spinel skarn occurs in gabbro dolomite host rock. The skarns consist of complicated lenses, stocks, nests, pipes and veins. The deposit mineral structures are mainly brecciated and rarely massive. At depths of 500 to 700 m, the structures are veinlets and disseminations that contain low-grade deposit minerals. Distal deposits are concordant with host rock bedding and consist of layers and lenses of banded deposit mineral. The principal deposit minerals are magnetite, mushketovite, hematite, minor pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena and arsenopyrite. Recrystallization of deposit minerals and skarns occurred during younger granite inrusion. Veselov, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 45 84 Alexandrovskoye 2 53 05 30 N 53.0916666666667 85 53 00 E 85.8833333333333 Ni Laterite Ni Medium Grade of 0.80-0.94% Ni and 0.05-0.07% Co. Belininsk Consists of the ancient nickel-bearing crusts of weathering developed on the ultrabasic rocks. The ultrabasic massif is composed of apodunite and apoperidotite serpentinites, rarely by serpentinized pyroxenites. The four ore areas are distinguished. Crust of weathering of the areal type is prevailed at the deposit. It consists of the zones of ochres, nontronites, and nontronitized serpentinites. Ore bodies occur at 15-47 m depth and are 2-4.6 m thick. Minaeva and Bykov, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 85 Shalym 52 31 00N 52.5166666666667 87 34E 87.5666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 45.1% Fe, 1.1% S, 0.07% P. Taidon-Kondomsk Consists of magnteite lenses and intercalations alternating with skarn and host rock. Host Late Carboniferous sedimentary-volcanjgenic series (tuff, tuffite, limestone) intruded by Shalym syenite massif. Two parallel layered magnetite-skarn zones thet bordered at depth by roof syenite where explored. Deposits are 900-1200 m long, 70-160 to depth and 20-165 m thick. The 1 deposit contain 25 separate bodies and the 2 deposit contains 16 ones. Bodies form en-echelon systems. The simple bodies are from some tens to 580 m long, 3-66 m thick and to 220 m to depth. The deposit mineral occur in masses, spots and lenses. The principal deposit mineral is magnetite, associated minerals are hematite, Co-pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite. The gangue minerals are garnet, pyroxene, actinolite, epidote, chlorite, carbonate. Deposit has been mined. Total output was 24.4 million tonnes of ore. Ivankin, 1974; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 45 86 Tashtagol 52 27 30N 52.4583333333333 87 33E 87.55 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 737.800,000 tonnes grading 45.57% Fe. Taidon-Kondonskiy Consists of lenses and layers of magnetite skarn in Middle Cambrian volcanic, carbonate and sedimentary rock. Widespead development of amphibole and amphibole-chorite-epidote metasomatite are typical. Deposit is conformable with host rock. It is 7.5 km long and from 100 to 300-500 m thick. Deposit is prospected by drill holes to depth of 1500 m. The deposit minerals occur in disseminations, masses and bands. The main deposit minerals are magnetite, martite, mushketovite, pyrite; associated minerals chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, fahlore. Along contact with latest syenite morphology of bodies become more complicated. Kuznetsov, 1982; Sinyakov, 1988; Zeic and Moiseeva, 1966; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 45 87 Kharadzulskoye 52 48 00 N 52.8 85 59 00 E 85.9833333333333 Cu, Co Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Not available. Kharadzhulsk Consists of steeply dipping veins in keratophyre dikes and Early Devonian mafic volcanic rock. Deposit contains 27 veins that extend up to 1.4 km along strike and 350 m downdip. Vein thickness varies from 1 to 10 m. Ore minerals occur in masses, breccia, disseminations, spots, and streaks. Main ore minerals are chalcopyrite, fahl, pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite. Accessory minerals are sphalerite, rammelsbergite, safflorite, smaltite, chloantite, cobaltite, cubanite, niccolite, and skutterudite. Co-Ni arsenides are associated with with chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. Unksov, 1961; Levchenko, 1975; Borisenko and others, 1984. Russia N 45 88 Kayanchinskoye 52 02 00N 52.0333333333333 86 56 15E 86.9375 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Medium Grade of 31-53% CaF2. Sarasinsk Consists of quartz-fluorite veins and zones of disseminated fluorite in Middle Devonian dacite and rhyolite that are dut by dikes of alkaline granitoids, diabase and plagioclase porphyry. The main body consists of a branching quartz-fluorite vein that extends up to 558 m along strike with an average thickness of 5.6 m. Wall-rock alterations are silica, sericite, fluorite, kaolinite, and epidote alterations. The ore minerals are quartz, fluorite, rare barite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena. Ore minerals are massive, banded, and brecciated. Koplus, Puzanov, 1976; Kuznetsov, 1982; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 45 9 Kundatskoye 55 27 00N 55.45 88 10E 88.1666666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Martaiginsk Consists of a gold deposit in a shear zone in early and middle Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock that are intruded by gabbro and granite intrusions. There are several deposit mineral assemblages: gold-containing, pyrite-polimetallic, gold-sulfide, gold-sulfide-quartz, Au-skarn, Au-Sb-Hg minerals. Thickness of bodies ranges from 1,5-3 m to 5-7 m. Bodies extend 700-1500 m and more along strike. Deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrie, sphalerite, galena, scheelite, molybdenite, stibnite and cinnabar. The principal bodies consist of gold-sulfide and gold sulfide-quartz assemblages. Sulfides account for 5-7%. Grade of gold varies from 7 to 12 g/t and increase in shoots. Alabin and Kalinin, 2000. Russia N 46 1 Irbinskoye 54 00 00N 54 92 32 E 92.5333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 38.8% Fe, 0.79% S. Reserves of 95,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of lensoid and layered magnetite in garnet and pyroxene-garnet skarn and aposkarn. Gangue minerals are amphibole, epidote, and chlorite. Skarn occurs in the contact zone of Ordovician gabbro, diorite and granodiorite plutons that intrude Early Carboniferous volcanic and sedimentary rock and in xenoliths. The main district containing the deposit is 5 km long, ranges from 300 to 400 m thick, and contain 50 deposits. Average size of individual deposit is about 650 m along strike, 350 m depth, and 60 m wide. Pyroxene-garnet-magnetite, garnet-epidot-magnetite, and epidote-chlorite-magnetite skarns occur. Deposit has high SiO2 and Ca, and low MgO and P2O5. The principal ore mineral is magnetite. Also occurring are minor hematite, various sulfides, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, pentlandite, and arsenopyrite. Dymkin and others, 1975; Kalugin and others, 1981; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia N 46 10 Beryozovskoye 54 29 00 N 54.4833333333333 93 02 E 93.0333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 50% Fe. Reserves of 38,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of magnetite skarn occurring along exocontact of a gabbro-diorite-sienite intrusion. The host rocks are intercalatedf carbonaceous, clastic and volcanogenic rocks of Vendian-Cambrian age. There are 22 ore bodies connected with a garnet and garnet-pyroxene skarn zone. Ore bodies range from 40 to 780 m long and 3 to 30 m thick and traced to a depth of 350-485 m. They are concordant bed-like and lens-like in shape and deep-steeping. The ores are massive, disseminated, veinlet-disseminated, banded and brecciated. The principal ore mineral is magnetite, acociated minerals are mushketovite, martite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite. The gangue minerals are pyroxene, garnet, actinolite, chlorite, serpentine, calcite, quartz. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 11 Lysanskoye 54 19 00N 54.3166666666667 93 27E 93.45 Ti, fe V Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Grade of 6-10% TiO2; 15-24% Fe. Reserves of 1,500,000 tonnes TiO2, 12,500,000 tonnes Fe. Lysansk Consists of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in gabbro and pyroxenite intrusions that intrude metamorphosed Neoproterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock. Intrusions are lens-shaped and range from 1 to 2 km long. Lensoid deposits occur along margins of intrusions and range from 600 to 1000 m along strike, 50 to 140 m thick and extend to 400 to 450 m depth. Titanomagnetite lenses contains 5 to 7% TiO2 and 13 to 17% Fe2O3. Ilmenite type contains from 4 to 10% TiO2, 3 to 6% Fe2O3. V2O5 is approximately 0.1%. Kurceraite and others, 1974; Sinyakov, 1976; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 12 Kedranskoye 54 18 00N 54.3 93 27E 93.45 Ti, Fe Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Large Not available. Lysansk Consists of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in a gabbroic intrusive hosted in metamorphosed Neoproterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Lens-shaped intrusive is of 5.3 by 0.5 km. Steeply-dipping body is bounded along SW part of massive, is elongated up to 9.6 km, and ranges up to 160 m thick. Two types of deposit occur: (1) titanomagnete associated with serpentinite; and (2) ilmenite associated with pyroxenite. The first type contains of 5-8% TiO2 and 14-20% Fe2O3; the second contains 4-10% TiO2 and 5-7% Fe2O3. Kurceraite and others, 1974; Sinyakov, 1976; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 13 Pionerskoye 1 54 20 30 N 54.3416666666667 93 14 00E 93.2333333333333 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Grade of 0.01-0.05% Mo. Agulsk Consists of zones of disseminated molybdenite in quartz-sericite metasomatite that occur over granitoids of the Kanzybinsk massif (Cambrian and Ordovician). The area of development of Mo minerals are 500x800 m2. Deposition is interpreted as related to younger Devonian granite porphyry intrusive. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 46 14 Dzhetskoye 54 22 00N 54.3666666666667 93 09E 93.15 Mo W Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Average grade of 0.069% Mo and 0.032% WO3. Agulsk Consists of a quartz-molybdenite stockwork hosted in Neoproterozoic sandstone and shale that are intruded by small stocks of early Paleozoic granite and granodiorite. Deposit occurs both in granitoid and in adjacent host rock. Wallrock is altered to K-feldspar, silica and sericite. Ore minerals are molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, scheelite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, sericite, and carbonate. Grade varies from 0.02 to 0.16% Mo. Two areas with an average grade of 0.069% Mo and 0.032% WO3 occur. Petrov and Mkrtychan, 1976. Russia N 46 15 Karaulnaya Gorka 54 22 00N 54.3666666666667 93 03E 93.05 Mn Weathering crust Mn (ñFe) Medium Grade of 13-40% Mn. Djotsk Consists of layers of loose Mn oxides in weathered silicious claystone and carbonaceous shale of Neoproterozoic age. Deposit is tabular, 200 m long, and 15-20 m thick, and extendsuto 70-90 m depth. Ore minerals are principally psilomelane and pyrolusite that are high in Fe-oxide. Percentages are 13-40% Mn, 2-32% Fe, and 0.3-1.2% P. Cykin, 19671,2; Matrosov and Shapashnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 16 Seibinskoye 1 54 21 00N 54.35 93 03E 93.05 Mn Weathering crust Mn (ñFe) Medium Average grade of 25% Mn. Reserves of 110,000 tonnes of ore. Djotsk Consists of Mn oxides in weathering crust that developed on Neoproterozoic siliceous and argillacoues shale. Deposit consists of loose and dense pyrolusite, psilomelane and limonite. Deposit sharply pinches out at depth. Deposit contains layers of loose oxide Mn minerals that range up to 15 m thick. The layers occur in weathered siliceous and carbonaceous shale along a contact with carbonate strata. Deposit contains about 16 bodies with surface dimensions of 100 by 20 m and 10-12 m thick. The bodies contain about 25% Mn, 9% Fe, 0.4% P and 37% SiO2. Cykin, 1967a, b; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 17 Djotskoye 54 20 00N 54.3333333333333 93 03E 93.05 Mn Weathering crust Mn (ñFe) Small Grade of 14-28.5% Mn. Djotsk Consists of manganese oxide ore deposti in the ancient weathering crust along the contact zone of Upper Proterozoic siliceous shists and dyke-shaped diorite intrusive. Deposit extends 500-600 m long and from 1-2 to 20-30 m width. Ores of psilomelane-pyrolusite composition contain 14-28,5% Mn. Source of manganese is assumed to be mainly dioritic eluvium. Cykin, 1972. Russia N 46 18 Margoz 54 14 30 N 54.2416666666667 93 10 00 E 93.1666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Reserves of 5,500,000 tonnes grading 49.06% Fe. Kizir-Kazyr Consist of lenses and ore-bunches of skarn with magnetite that occur along the contact of Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary and metamorphic rock intruded by gabbro and diorite, diorite, syenite-diorite and granodiorite intrusive supposedly of Ordovician age. The main types of ore are: pyrozene-magnetite, calcite-magnetite. garnet-magnetite, sulfide-magnetite and magnetite. The deposit minerals occur in masses, streaks, disseminations, streaks, rare bands and breccia. Manankov and others, 1973; Dymkin and others, 1975; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 46 19 Rudny Kaskad 54 11 00N 54.1833333333333 93 09E 93.15 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 37.7-59.1% Fe. Reserves of 52,600,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists lenses and masses of magnetite associated with garnet-amphibole skarn along the contact of gabbro and granodiorite intrusion with Cambrian carbonate-volcanic rock and their relics in intrusive rock. There are 15 bodies ranging from 90 to 750 m length, from 2 to 60 m thick and up to 550 m to depth. Deposit mineral assemblages are magnetite, amphibole-magnetite, pyroxene-garnet-magnetite, chlorite-calcite-magnetite and pyrite-mushketovite that occur in veinlets and disseminations. The latest stage of deposition is chlorite alteration, amphibole alteration, epidote alteration. Low-temperature quartz-carbonate veinlets contain pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, molybdenite. In addition to lode bodies, 6 deposits of deluvial rubbley martite-magnetite and ironstone deposit occur and range from 0.5 to 29.5 m, with a combined area about 1.7 sq.km. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 2 Leiba 55 20 00N 55.3333333333333 93 33 00E 93.55 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Large Grade of 1.15-15.03% Pb, 5.06-11.16% Zn, 0.062-0.096% Cd. Resources of 120,000 tonnes Pb, 125,000 tonnes Zn, 1140 tonnes Cd. Unassigned Consists of veins, stocks and veinlets of massive and streaky galena and sphalerite in Early Cambrian dolomite. Dolomite series overlaps Early Cambrianand Vendian sandstone and greywacke. Deposit is confined to brachyanticline cut by series of faults of NE and NW strikes. The majority of deposit mineral zones occur along faults of NW strike. Massive deposit minerals are widespread. Stocks and vein range up to 0.5 m thick. Individual deposit mineral nests have a size up to 2x3x5 m. Deposit minerals are (%): galena-45-90, sphalerite up to 20, pyrite and marcasite up to 15 and anglesite, additionally cerussite, smitsonite and limonite occur in oxidized deposit minerals. In deposit the four bodies of very complex structure occur and range from 20 to 70 m long and 5-15 m wide. Kuznetsov and others, 1966; Tokushev, Tomskaya, 1990. Russia N 46 20 Terekhovskoye 54 04 00N 54.0666666666667 93 29E 93.4833333333333 Fe Fe skarn Medium Reserves of 81,800,000 tonnes grading 37.2% Fe. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of layers and lenses of magnetite both in skarn along the contact of Early and Middle Cambrian carbonate and volcanic rock and a gabbbro-diorite intrusive. Bodies are concordant with host rock banding. Gluchariny area consists of 13 bodies ranging from 300 to 1470 m along strike, 40-380 m to depth and from 5 to 20 m thick. Medveziy area consists of 10 bodies ranging from 32 to 300 m long and 9-28 m thick. Deposit mineral assemblages are: garnet-pyroxene-amphibole-magnetite, amphibole-magnetite and epidote-magnetite. The deposit minerals are fine-grained. Associated deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Kalugin and others, 1981; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 46 21 Odinochnoye 54 12 00N 54.2 93 05E 93.0833333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Reserves of 72,600,000 tonnes grading of 35.1-60.0% Fe. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of steeply-dipping magnetite-skarn lenses of bodies, that occure in Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock intruded by diorite and granodiorite. The host rock altered in different extent in the form of epidote alteration, amphibolization and skarn formation. The main lenses of body is 1000 m long, 145 m thick and 850 m to depth. Accompanied by smaller bodies ranges from 100 to 450 m long and from 2 to 23 m thick. The central part of the main body contain the high-grade parts with 60% Fe and 0.07% S. They grade into low-grade areas (Fe-35,1% and S-0.65%) out of the flanks. The principal deposit mineral is magnetite, the gangue minerals garnet, pyroxene, amphibole. Sulphides are scare The deposit minerals are massive, disseminated, mottled and streaky. Vinogradov, 1966; Mazurov, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 22 Sydinskoye 54 28 00N 54.4666666666667 92 05E 92.0833333333333 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Average grade of 35% Fe. Resources of 100,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of layered hematite-magnetite bodies hosted in Proterozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock. Two large and several small bodies occur in band 2.2 km long. The largest bodies are from 70 to 525 m long and from 2 to 79 m thick. They contain hematite and magnetite layers alternating with quartz-chlorite schist. Quartz, feldspar, amphibole, chlorite and pyrite occur in deposit. Hematite bodies are banded, layered, plicated and massif. Magnetite bodies are mostly banded and plicated. Deposit grades 21-52% Fe; 0.02-0.33% S; 0.14-0.54% P. Andreev and Kurceraite, 1977; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 23 Mulginskoye 54 05 30 N 54.0916666666667 93 10E 93.1666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Grade of 37.5%Fe, 1.13-2.01% S; 0.005-0.43% P. Reserves of 15,300,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of layers and lenses of skarn with magnetite in a Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic sequence that inrtuded by gabbro and diorite intrusives. The bodies occur in two latitudial alongated skarn zones. The Central body extends 600-650 m along strike and to depth. The Eastern body is 200-250 m long. The bodies consist of series of close displaced lenses from 5 to 50 m thick. The deposit minerals are dissseminated, mottled and banded and consist of garnet-pyroxene-amphibole-magnetite; amphibole-magnetite; pyroxene-amphibole-magnetite and magnetitic. Minor pyrite, pirrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite and molybdenite occur. Admixture of Co is 0.03%. Belous and Klyarovsky, 1959; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 46 24 Raduga 53 23 00N 53.3833333333333 95 12 00E 95.2 Be W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Not available. Kizhi-Khem Consists of lens and stock of Be greisens and beryl-fluorite metasomatite. Deposit occurs along the exocontact zone of a granitoid massif intruding Early Cambrian carbonate rock. Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia N 46 25 Burlukskoye 54 02 00N 54.0333333333333 93 04E 93.0666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 36.2-49.9% Fe, 1.5% S. Reserves of 32 000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of the series of lens-like magnetite ore bodies along the contact within gabbro-diorite-granodiorite massif (O) in relics of carbonate volcanogenic rocks (Cm1-Cm2). The ore bodies situated in albite-amphibole-epidote-scapolite metasomatites and pyroxene-garnet skarns. The ore bodies are concordant with bedding ot host rocks as well as the contact of intrusive. The ore bodies ranges from 30 to 760 m length and from 2 to 30 m thick. The individual ore bodies traced to a depth of 250-300 m. Types of ores are: calcite-magnetite, actinolite-magnetite, sulphide-magnetite. The ores are massive, disseminated, mottled and streaky. The ore minerals are magnetite, mushketovite, pyrite, pyrrhotite. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 26 Samson 54 40 00N 54.6666666666667 91 05 E 91.0833333333333 Fe Co Fe skarn Large Reserves of 23,300,000 tonnes grading 44,28% Fe. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of six steeply-dipping lensoid skarn-magnetite deposits that occur along a contact zone between a Paleozoicgranitoid and Early Carboniferous marble. Deposits range from 100 to 600 m long and extend from 320 to 610 m depth and range ukp to 5 to 30 m thick. Deposit mineral assemblages are magnetite, magnetite-silicate and magnetite-sulfide. Associated minerals pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite. Gangue minerals are garnet, pyroxene, amphibole, calcite, epidote and minor scapolite. Average grade is 44.28% Fe, 0.15% P2O5, 0.83% S and minor Co, Cu, As. Kuznetsov and others, 1971; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 27 Tibik 53 53 30N 53.8916666666667 93 24 00E 93.4 Sb Ag-Sb vein Small Not available. Sorsk Consists of quartz veins and quartz zones that occur in Cambrian extrusive rock with propylitic alteration. Separate zones range from 50 to 800 m long and 1.5 to 12 m thick. Zones are irregularly saturated with quartz veins and veinlets. The veins do not persist along strike or at depth. Deposits in veins and zones consist of disseminations and nests of deposit minerals. Deposit minerals are stibinite, allemontite, pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, berthierite, and realgar. Amshinskiy and Sotnikov, 1976. Russia N 46 28 Petropavlovskoye 53 49 00N 53.8166666666667 93 37E 93.6166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Grade of 27-51% Fe. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of lenses of magnetite in among Middle Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock intruded by granite and syenite. Host rock altered to hornfels and skarn. Thickness of bodies is variable. The deposit minerals occur in lenses, spots, breccia, streaks and disseminations. The principal deposit mineral is magnetite, associated minerals hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, Co-sulphoarsenides. Gangue minerals pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, scapolite, quartz, calcite. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia N 46 29 Okunevskoye 53 39 00N 53.65 94 04 00E 94.0666666666667 Be, CaF2 W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Resources of 800,000 tonnes CaF2 grading 30% CaF2. Kizhi-Khem Consists of masses and lenses of fluorite-altered rock with beryl in the exocontact zone of the alkalic Seibinsk granitoid pluton. The steeply-dipping intrusive extends NE for 2.5 km and is altered to albite and fluorite. Host rock is marble, chert and metamorphosed extrusive rock that locally are altered to skarn. Both host rock and granite are altered to fluorite in the exocontact zone. Beryl deposits are closely associated with fluorite that contain leucophane and danalite. Deposits range from 1 to 3 m thick and extend along strike up to tens of m. Kachalo and others, 1976a, b; Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia N 46 3 Seibinskoye 2 54 40 00N 54.6666666666667 93 31 00E 93.5166666666667 Phosphorite Sedimentary phosphate Large Reserves of weathering crust phorphate are about 13,000,000 tonnes grading 5-35% P2O5. Bellyk Consists of packets of phosphate-bearing siliceous, carbonate and argilliceous rock underlain by bituminiferous limestone and overlapped by siliceous and argillaceous shale. Host rock is Neoproterozoic. Deposit consists of phosphorite and phosphate-bearing rock. Main deposit minerals are phosphate and chalcedony. P2O5 is about 15%. Primary ores reserve is about 3 million tonnes. Weathering crust is pervasive and consists of beds, lenses and irregular bodies of secondary phosphorite. The largest deposit is about 3 km long and 40 to 90 m wide. Phosphorite occur up to 100 m at depth. P2O5 content in secondary phosphorite ranges from 5 to 35%. Kazarinov and Krasil'nikova, 1972. Russia N 46 30 Telekskoye 54 19 00N 54.3166666666667 92 03 00E 92.05 Phosphorite Weathering crust and karst phosphate Medium Average grade of 15% P2O5. Reserves of 135,000,000 tonnes P2O5. Bellyk Consists of secondary phosphorite in the crust of weathering of the Early Cambrian dolomite alternating with coaly-flinty slate and quartzite. The two large lenses of phosphorite deposits occur in a belt of 8 km long and 1-2 km wide. Bodies extend 3.5-4.4 km along strike and are 15-25 m thick and 180-300 m wide. Typically, phosphorite occur in loose series, more rarely in karst cavities nearby the basement. Kazarinov and Krasil'nikova, 1972; Romanovich and others, 1982. Russia N 46 31 Znamenskoye 54 06 00N 54.1 92 34E 92.5666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 38.6% Fe. Reserves of 22,300,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of lenses of bodies of magnetite in contact zone between Cambrian carbonate rock with diorite and granodiorite intrusive. The bodies are placed in garnet-pyroxene skarn. Albite alteration, epidote alteration and chlorite alteration of wall-rock also occur. The bodies occur in a zone that extends NE 1150 m. The deposit minerals occur in masses in central part of deposit and stockwork along the flanks. The largest body N 2 occurs along strike for 1150 m, 365 to depth and is 26 m thick. The main part of the deposit consists of magnetite-chlorite-calcite, rare chlorite-epidote-magnetite. Sometines a high sulfide content occurs (up to 10-15%). Belous and Klyarovsky, 1959; Orlov, 1998 Russia N 46 32 Tayatskoye 53 31 00N 53.5166666666667 94 13E 94.2166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 37.21% Fe; 1.44% S; 0.11% P. Reserves of 22,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of lenses and layers of magnetite in scapolite and albite-altered Cambrian volcanic rock that is intruded by early Paleozoic gabbro, diorite and granodiorite massif. The bodies are concordant with host rock and elongate from 100 to 700 m along strike, extend to a depth of 50-640 m and are 10-50 m thick. The deposit minerals are mainly fine-grained, rhythmically banded and occur in disseminations, breccia and streaks. The deposit mineral assemblages are amphibole-scapolite-magnetite; pyroxene-amphibole-scapolite-magnteite; amphibole-magnetite and chlorite-amphibole-scapoloite-magnetite. Mushketovite and martite are scarce. Pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, apatite are widespread and local sulfides occur in separate veinlets. Kalinin, 1962; Mazurov, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 33 Tabratskoye 53 29 00N 53.4833333333333 94 05 30 E 94.0916666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 29.3% Fe; 0.1% S; 0.06% P. Reserves of 221,500,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of lenses, layers and stocks of magnetite in contact zones of gabbro, gabbro and diorite and granitoids with Cambrian carbonate and volcanic series. Host rock is pyroxene-epidote, amphibole-epidote and pyroxene-plagioclase skarn. There are three bodies. The Eastern area contains steeply-dipping lenses along the contact between diorite and marble up to 900 m. Thickness of this body is 40-60 m at the flanks and 270 m in the central part. Body extends to a depth of 1300 m. The Central area contains two bodies that have total square 400x500 m and extend to a depth of 120 m. The Western body contains a steeply-dipping lens along a contact zone between quartz-diorite and marble. It is 470 m long, 20 m thick and 70 m to deep. The deposit minerals occur in veinlets, breccia, streaks and disseminations and rare masses. The principal deposit mineral is magnetite, associated minerals epidote, amphibole, pyroxene, garnet, calcite. Also occurring are sulfides as pyrite and pyrrhotite. Knyazev, 1974; Korel and Perfilyeva, 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 34 Khabalykskoye 53 28 00N 53.4666666666667 94 01E 94.0166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Average grade of 37.2% Fe. Reserves of 12,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of steeply-dipping magnetite-skarn lenses in contact zone of Early-Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock intruded by a diorite stock. Deposit is concordant with volcanic and carbonaceous rock, is 1 km long, and 100-150 m thick. Seven lenses occur, the largest is 400 m long, 40 m thick, and 440 m deep. The ore minerals occur in lenses, masses, breccia, mots, and disseminations. The ore minerals are magnetite, amphibole, pyroxene, calcite, chlorite, epidote, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Sulfides comprise near 2-3%. The average grades are 1.88% S, 0.1% P. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 35 Oktyabrskoye 1 53 08 00N 53.1333333333333 94 35 00E 94.5833333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Kizhi-Khem Consists of gold-bearing quartz veins in Early Cambrian metamorphic schist. The veins are lens-shaped with apophyses. The thickness of veins ranges from 0.5 to 2 m (locally to 5.5 m). The total length of 5 major veins is about 1 km. In vein selvages, the host rock is altered to silica and pyrite. Quartz veins contain feldspar and sericite. Deposit minerals are sparese and consist ofpyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena and visible gold. Gold fineness is 800-850. Deposit has been mined periodically. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 46 36 Martyuhinskoye 54 02 00N 54.0333333333333 91 51 00E 91.85 Barite Bedded barite Large Not available. Bellyk Consists of barite lenses hosted in Neoproterozoic carbonate and -shale. Length of barite bodies ranges up to 100 m, thickness of 6-8 m. The age of barite deposition is interpreted as early Paleozoic. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia N 46 37 Oktyabrskoye 2 53 07 00 N 53.1166666666667 94 34 00E 94.5666666666667 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Average grade of 0.1% Hg. Sistigkhem Consists of a fracture zone in plagiogranite intruding Early Cambrian volcanic rock (Kuznetsov, 1981). Cinnabar occurs as fillings and thin coatings The occurrence is poorly studied. Kuznetsov, 1981. Russia N 46 38 Izykhskoye 53 35 00N 53.5833333333333 93 05 45 E 93.0958333333333 Fe Kizir-Kazyr Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 36.17% Fe. Reserves of 37 600,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of magnetite bodies in feldspar hornfels and siliceous rock along the contact of a quartz-diorite intrusive. The host rock is partly altered to garnet-amphibole skarn. The ore minerals occur both in host rock and in intrusive body. Magnetite is intercalated with low-grade skarn. The bodies range from 30x40 to 50x100 m. Btlous, Klyarovsky, 1959; Orlov, 1998. Russia N 46 38 Poselschik 53 36 00N 53.6 90 00E 90 Cu, Mo Fe,Au,Ag,Mo Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Average grade of 1% Cu, 0.01% Mo. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of compound layered veins with pinches and swells in contact zone of early Paleozoic granitoid massif with Early Cambrian series of carbonate rock. The bodies often coinside with pyroxene-garnet and garnet-skarns. There are 58 bodies ranging from 100 to 1000 m long, 0.5 to 10-15 m thick and up to 500 m to depth. Distribution of deposit minerals in deposit is irregular. The sulfides occur in masses, streaks and disseminations. The last is predominant. The deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, bornite, sphalerite, galena, fahlerz, molybdenite. Oxidizied zone extend from 10 to 60 m to depth. Vachrushev and Sotnikov, 1972; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 46 39 Kukshinskoye 53 08 30N 53.1416666666667 94 17 00E 94.2833333333333 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Not available. Sistigkhem Consists of small fracture zones in Middle Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. The occurrence consists of cinnabar in thin veinlets and disseminations in hydrothermally-altered tuff and sandstone. Argillic alteration is typical. Kuznetsov and others, 1978. Russia N 46 4 Belokitatskoye 53 57 00 N 53.95 95 36 30 N 95.6083333333333 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Grade of 36-88.6% Fe Reserves of 200,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of lenticular and layered deposits of hematite and magnetite in Early Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock consisting mainly of interbedded tuff, sandstone, phyllite, and by jasperite. The deposit occurs in the -Western and Eastern districts. The Western district is 1.5 km long and contains 10 deposits that vary from 0.75 to 9 m thick. The Eastern district contains ore layers that vary from 4.5 to 11.3 m thick and extend for 4 km. Deposits consist of alternating ore minerals layers and and jasperite. Ore layers contain magnetite, hematite, quartz, vermiculite, chamosite, and siderite, along with pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Deposits are interpreted as derived from metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary units. Andreev and Kurceraite, 1977; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 40 Tolcheinskoye 54 05 00N 54.0833333333333 90 57 00E 90.95 Ba Bedded barite Large Grade of 30-90% BaSO4. Bellyk Consists of barite deposits in Vendian and Cambrian siliceous and carbonate rock. Two deposits are defined: (1) a lensoid deposit aboout 400 m long and up to 60 m thick that occurs in a core of syncline; and (2) a layered deposit that is about 8 to 10 m thick and 1 km long. Deposits consist of alternating barite layers, barite-rich shale and limestone. Barite occurs in masses, bands and disseminations. Main deposit minerals are barite, witherite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, chalcedony and epidote. Calcite veinlets are abundant. Mkrtychan and Vasil'ev, 1976; Archinekov, 1986; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 41 Julia Mednaya 54 15 00N 54.25 90 26E 90.4333333333333 Cu, Mo Fe, Au, Ag, Mo Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Average grade of 1.7%Cu, 0.11% Mo. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of garnet, pyroxene, and vesuvian skarn in granitoids of early Paleozoic age. Five Cu and Mo ore zones occur in 17 small layers and lenses ranging from 50 to 200 m long, 1-5 to 13-15 m thick, and 50-100 m depth. The ore minerals are irregular and occur in nests, lenses, veinlets, and dissiminations. The main ore minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Associated minerals are molybdenite, sphalerite, galena, bornite, and fahl ore. Minor Au and Ag occur. Concentration of Mo increases at depth and Cu sharply decreases. Deposit was mined from 1964-1968. Kurbaton, 1934; Dymkin and others, 1974; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 46 42 Julia Svintsovaya 54 14 00N 54.2333333333333 90 28 00E 90.4666666666667 Pb Zn-Pb (Ag, Cu, W) skarn Small Not available. Sorsk Consists of Pb-Zn metasomatic layers and nests in the Cambrian limestone that grades upward into intercalating limestone, shale, and tuff. Limestone is intruded by Devonian syenite, granosyenite, and granite. Garnet-diopside skarn occurs along the intrusive contact and consists of layers, veins, and pipes that are concordant to host limestone. The major ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, and pyrite, along with lesser chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, tennantite, burnonite, and molybdenite. Gangue minerals are siderite, quartz, ankerite, sericite, and calcite, and rare fluorite and barite. A well-defined oxidation zone occurs. Ore minerals contain up to 1% Bi and up to 0.6 ppm Au. Bulynnikov, 1960; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 46 43 Kapchalskoye 53 32 20 N 53.5388888888889 91 45 45 E 91.7625 Barite Barite vein Medium Grade of 90-96% BaSO4. Chapsordag Consists of barite-calcite veins in a granitoid massif. Veins have a lenticular shape, range from 0.13 to 3.5 m thick, and extend 30 to 300 m along strike. Wallrock is slightly altered to argillite. Deposit is abandoned. Savel'ev, 1978. Russia N 46 44 Kysyl-Tashskoye 52 13 00N 52.2166666666667 95 28 00E 95.4666666666667 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Ulugoisk Consists of two pyrite lensoid deposits with superimposed magnetite that are hosted in Vendian and Early Cambrian volcanic rock. Deposit occurs close to a fault zone that borders the Ulugoi Basin that contains Devonian sedimentary rock. Deposit host rock is andesite and basalt porphyritic lava and tuff, siliceous tuff, tufaceous sandstone and breccia. These rock is intruded by subvolcanic rhyolite and dacite porphyry, gabbro, diabase and hypabyssal plagiogranite porphyry. Deposits are conformable with host rock and are related to fracture and shear and zones that range up to several tens of m wide. Deposit contains two districts. The first district is 700 m long and 15 to 20 m thick. The second district extends down to 230 m deep and ranges from from 1.5 to 32 m thick. Deposit consists mainly of pyrite composition and sparse chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Deposit minerals occur in masses and rare disseminations. Main deposit minerals are pyrite and magnetite and lesser chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and native Au. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, carbonates and epidote. Talc typically forms a selvage. Magnetite is superimposed on pyrite during contact metamorphism. Wallrock alterations are chlorite, talc, sericite and silica alterations. Distanov, 1977; Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia N 46 45 Sorskoye 54 00 00N 54 90 07E 90.1166666666667 Mo,Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Grade of 0.04-0.07% Mo, 0.2-0.3% Cu. Sorsk Consists of disseminations, streaks, and breccia that occur in intensely hydrothermally-altered gabbro and granitoid in the Cambrian and Ordovician Uibat pluton. The deposit minerals are associated with numerous stocks and dikes of subalkalic granite porphyry. Host rock is extensively hydrothermally-altered to K-feldsdpar, quartz-biotite-K-feldspar, albite, sericite, and silica. Mafic rock is altered to chlorite. Dissemination and streaks are the most economic and consist of quartz-molybdenite veins and veinlets that range from less thian 1 cm to 0.5 to 1.0 m thick. The associated stockwork in the central part of deposit extends to a depth of about 1 km and decreases along the flanks to 300 to 500 m. Stockwork consists of molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, quartz, feldspar and sericite. Average grade is 0.04 to 0.7% Mo and 0.2 to 0.3% Cu. The rich Cu is typical for the central part of deposit. Cu decreases along the flanks and Mo is relatively constant. At depth, Cu/Mo ratio decreases. Breccia also contains fluorite, galena, sphalerite and fahlore and grade locally ranges from 0.5 to 1% Mo. 40Ar/39Ar isotopic age is 385 to 400 Ma. Amshinskiy and Sotnikov, 1976; Pokalov, 1992; Sotnikov and others, 1993, 1995, 1998. Russia N 46 46 Sorminskoye 53 53 00N 53.8833333333333 90 27 00E 90.45 Barite Bedded barite Large Grade of 50-90% BaSO4. Bellyk Consists of stratiform deposits of barite in Vendian and Cambrian siliceous and carbonate unit. Bands of barite, barite-enriched rock and limestone alternate in the lenses and layers. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 47 Kyzyl-Tashtygskoye 52 00 30 N 52.0083333333333 95 59 00 E 95.9833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Large Average grade of 10.5% Zn, 1.5% Pb, 0.7% Cu. Ulugoisk Consists of lenses, stocks and ribbons of pyrite and polymetallic sulfides that are hosted in an Early Cambrian rhyolite and dacite and basalt complex. Deposit occurs in a paleovolcanic structure containing mafic and siliceous extrusiveand pyroclastic rock, diatremes and subvolcanic and hypabyssal rock. Deposit extends EWs for about 1200 m. Pyrite and polymetallic sulfides are conformable, and and occur mainly along contacts of subvolcanic intrusions. The upper part of the main deposit is stock-shaped and consists of pyrite that extends down to a depth 70 to 100 m. Most of deposit formed during hydrothermal-metasomatic alteration. In the upper parts of deposit are minor syngenetic sedimentary breccia. Wall-rock alterations consist of quartz-sericite metasomatite, Mg-chlorite alteration and formation of talc and dolomite. The deposit mineral assemblages are pyrite, Cu pyrite, barite and Cu-Pb-Zn-sulfides and quartz-carbonate and sulfide. Deposit minerals occur in masses, breccia and disseminations. Main deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena and tennantite. Gangue minerals are quartz, chlorite, dolomite, barite, talc and sericite. Distanov, 1977; Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia N 46 48 Sayanskoye 52 29 00N 52.4833333333333 93 44 00E 93.7333333333333 Chrysotile asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Large Reserves of 6,500,000 tonnes grading 3-6% fibrous asbestos. Khemchik-Kurtushubinsk Consists of chrysotile-asbestos confined to an exocontact part of the large (180 sq.km.) Idzhimsk ultramafic massif. The massif is concordant with host Vendian and Early Cambrian siliceous-spilite-diabase formations. The massif is mainly composed of harzburgite and apoharzburgite serpentinite. Commercial chrysotile-asbestos occurs in narrow serpentinite zone. This zone extends 4 km along strike and has a width of 35-260 m. The maximum depth of occurrence of commercial bodies varies from 90 to 650 m. Tatarinov and Eremeev, 1967; Eremeev and Sibilev, 1972. Russia N 46 49 Beiskoye 53 36 00 N 53.6 90 14 E 90.2333333333333 Mo Cu Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Grade of 0.001-0.2% Mo. Sorsk Consists of numerous small quartz veins and veinlets among K-feldspathizied and silicified Lower Paleozoic leucocratic granite massif. The ore mineralization manifested in a north-west-striking zone up to 2 km logn, and 500 m wide. Ore mineralization was discovered by drill-holes up to 250 m to the depth. Mo-content essentially is 0,001-0,003% (in some places up to 0,2% and more). Copper presents is insignificant amounts. Ore minerals are molibdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, rare sphalerite and galena. Amshinskiy and Sotnikov, 1978. Russia N 46 5 Alga 54 53 00N 54.8833333333333 92 33 00E 92.55 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 9.5% Pb. Reserves of 2000 tonnes Pb. Unassigned Consists of pipe-like ore bodies of lead ores in the Lower Cambrian limestones nearly the contact of leucocratic greisenized granites. Ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, argentite; in the zone of oxidation - anglesite, calamine, smithsonite, limonite. The ores have a hydrothermal-metasomatic genesis. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 46 50 Kyzyk-Chadrskoye 52 10 00N 52.1666666666667 94 28 00E 94.4666666666667 Cu, Mo Au Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Grade of 0.1-0.3% Cu. Unassigned Consists of Cu-molibdenum-porphyry bodies that occur in contact zone of sandstone-shale rock with quartz porphyry and granite porphyry intrusive stocks. Stockwork and vein deposit minerals occur in strong-altered host rock with sericite, silica and chlorite alterations. The body of mineralizied quartz-sericite rock that replace of granite porphyry is 5 km long, from 0.2 to 1.0 km wide and extends up to 300-400 m to depth. Deposit minerals pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, magnetite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena. The veins contain mainly bornite, chalcopyrite, pyrite. Content of Cu is 0.1-0.3%. Admixture of Mo occurs. Au-bearing quartz veins spatialy associated with Cu-Mo minerals. Rafienko, 1956; Bucharov and others, 1982; Malich and others, 1988; Rogov, 1989. Russia N 46 51 Malo-Shushenskoye 53 02 00N 53.0333333333333 91 52E 91.8666666666667 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins, zones, streaks and disseminations of sulfides in metamorphic chlorite and sericite-chlorite schist and schistose Cambrian diabase -porphyry. Small intrusions of diorite and plagiogranite dikes occur. The veins extend along strike up to 350 m and are1.5 m thick. Deposit minerals are pyrite, hematite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, fahlore. Shoots of native gold are common. Fine-grained native gold concentrated in selvages of veins. Another type of gold occurs in quartz veinlets and small quartz lenses with disseminated sulfides in brecciated chlorite schist. Native gold usually associated with sulfides. Serdyuk, 1997. Russia N 46 52 Temir-Dag 53 36 00N 53.6 90 02E 90.0333333333333 Cu, Mo Fe, Au, Ag Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Small Not available. Kiyalykh-Uzen Consists of sublatitudal zones in gneiss and skarn in marble along exocontact of early Paleozoic granitoids. There are about 20 deposits, ranging from 150 to 80 m long and 1-4 m thick. Deposit minerals occur in nests, streaks and disseminations. The deposit minerals are pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, fahlore and rare molybdenite. Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 46 53 Taptan-Turazy 53 22 00N 53.3666666666667 90 30 00E 90.5 Barite Barite vein Medium Grade of 96-98% BaSO4. Chapsordag Consists of barite veins hosted in Devonian volcanic rock and tuff-conglomerate. Veins are from 20 to 400 m long and 0.1-1.5 m thick. Deposit minerals are high-grade in Cu sulfides. Deposit belongs to the transitional type of Cu-barite deposits of veined type. Deposit is partly abandoned. Savel'ev, 1978; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 46 54 Mainskoye 53 00 00N 53 91 28 00E 91.4666666666667 Cu Cyprus Cu-Zn massive sulfide Small Grade of 0.3-4.5% Cu, 0.2-4.9% Zn. North-Sayanian Consists of layers and lenses of Cu-pyrite and Fe-oxide in Early Cambrian volcaniclastic, and and sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs near the regional Sayan-Minusinsk fault zone. Host greenschist consists interbedded black schist and sandstone along with layers of conglomerate, jasperite and volcanic rock (porphyry, quartz albitophyre and diabase). Deposit occurs along the S exocontact of the Early Cambrian Mainsk plagiogranite and granodiorite intrusive. Fe-oxide and Cu-pyrite occurs along two stratified horizons. Layers and lenses in the major horizon extend up to 1 km along strike. Mineral zonation consists of hematite and hematite-magnetite along the flanks to magnetite-sulfide and sulfides in the central part of the deposit. Main deposit minerals are hematite, magnetite, maghemite, mushketovite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrrhotite and rare marcasite. Gangue minerals are quartz, carbonate, chlorite and hydrohematite. Garnet, epidote, biotite occur in the contact metamorphic zone. Layered and banded structures are typical for both Fe-oxide and oxide-sulfide deposits along with pisolitic structure (2 to 4 mm wide). Sulfide chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite deposits are mainly massive. Sulfide-magnetite in the contact zone of the granitoid pluton is locally metasomatically altered, recrystallized and cut by veins and masses of Cu and Pb-Zn sulfides. Belous and Novozhilov, 1969; Distanov, 1977. Russia N 46 55 Kamyshtinskoye 53 17 00N 53.2833333333333 90 26 00E 90.4333333333333 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Not available. Sorsk Consists of quartz-molybdenite stockwork in hydrothermally-altered early Paleozoic biotite and alaskite granite of the Syrsk intrusive. Host rock alterations are K-feldspar, sericite, silica, greisen, and argillite alterations. There are two stock quartz bodies. Molybdenite occurs largely in disseminations in hydrothermally-altered granite. Rarely occurs in the selvages of quartz veinlets and in quartz stocks. Ore minerals are molybdenite and pyrite, and rare chalcopyrite. Molybdenite is irregularly distributed in bodies, with local concentrations of 0.05-0.1%. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 46 56 Igr-Golskoye 53 24 00N 53.4 90 04 00E 90.0666666666667 Pb, Zn Sorsk Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Sorsk Consists of lenses, bodies, and stockworks Pb-Zn minerals in carbonate and clastic rock of Vendian-Cambrian age. The elongated deposit is connected with a fracture along the contact of the Askiz gneissous granitoid massif of early Paleozoic age. The host marble contains interbedded quartzite, siltstone, coaly-argillaceous shale, carbonaceous limestone, and thick (to 100 m) layers of amphibolite. Small bodies of granosyenite porphyry, quartz-porphyry, felsite, and volcanic breccia of Devonian age occur at the contact zone of the Askiz granitoid massif. These rocks are schistose and hydrothermally altered, and accompanied by ore minerals. The conformable bodies are 100-200 m long and 1-4 m thick. The ore mineral assemblages are Pb-Zn sulfideb and pyrite. The main ore minerals are galena and sphalerite, lesser pyrite and chalcopyrite, and rare arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. Gangue minerals are quartz, carbonates, chlorite, sericite, and dickite. Graphite is widespread in host breccia. The ore minerals occurs in masses, streaks, disseminations, bands, and breccia. The zone of oxidation extends to 100 m depth. Ore minerals are rich in Pb and Zn and contain Ag and Cd admixtures. Bulynnikov, 1960; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 46 57 Bazikskoye 53 17 00 N 53.2833333333333 90 20 00 E 90.3333333333333 Cu Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Chapsordag Consists of quartz-sulfide veins in Early Cambrian limestone. The veins occur in fault zones in Early Devonian sedimentary and volcanic rock and in porphyry dikes. Five bodies occur, are from 55 to 500 m long, range from about 3 to 5.5 m thick, and extend to a depth of 20 to 120 m. Ore minerals are bornite, chalcocite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Gangue mineral is carbonate that is more abundant in limestone host rock. Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 46 58 Chapsordag 53 11 00N 53.1833333333333 90 29 00E 90.4833333333333 Barite Barite vein Medium Grade of 62-98% BaSO4. Chapsordag Consists of about twenty barite veins in Devonian labradorite and augite porphyry that range from 30 to 1050 m long and 0.2 to 1.5 m thick. Ore minerals occur in masses and local breccia. Gangue minerals are quartz and calcite. Wall rocks adjacent to veins are slightly altered to argillite. Savel'ev, 1978. Russia N 46 59 Obkolskoye 52 34 00N 52.5666666666667 91 42 00E 91.7 Be W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kizhi-Khem Consists of beryl-containing quartz veinlets among greisen-altered granite and greisens in the northern part of the Devonian Gremyachinsk massif. Beryl occurs in nests in minor amounts. Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia N 46 6 Zhurskoye 55 21 00N 55.35 91 04 00E 91.0666666666667 Fluorite Carbonate-hosted fluorspar Medium Reserves of 3,100 tonnes CaF2 grading 76-85% CaF2. Chapsordag Consists of two conformable lenses of fluorite bodies in the lower part of Tournaisian limestone. The lenses extend 350 and 370 m along strike, are 0.2-0.4 m thick and pinchout rapidly at depth. Lenses contain from 5-10 to 85% fluorite. Kachalo and Vasil'ev, 1976. Russia N 46 60 Azkizskoye 53 05 00 N 53.0833333333333 90 08 00 E 90.1333333333333 Asbestos Rhodusite asbestos Large Not available. Unassigned Consists of rhodusite-asbestos deposits in the Devonian series composed of marls, siltstones, and sandstones. Rock alterations are albitization, dolomitization, and rarely kalispathization. The thickness of rhodusite-bearing series varies from 35 to 70 m. Seven ore bodies, which have an extent of 50 to 850 m and an average thickness of 7m are distinguished within this series. Three types of ores were revealed: streaky-veined, disseminated, and finely diffused. Veins are from a few mm to 25-30 cm thick and up to 30 m long. They contain hematite, calcite, albite, dolomite, rarely quartz and K-feldspar. Finely diffused ores contain celestite. It is assumed that rhodusite-asbestos has sedimentary-metamorphic origin. Unique deposit type. Piskarskii, 1965; Romanovich and others, 1982. Russia N 46 61 Butrakhtinskoye 52 46 00N 52.7666666666667 90 06 00E 90.1 Co, Cu Ni-Co arsenide vein Small Not available. Kharadzhulsk Consists of irregular, steeply-dipping veins in Middle Devonian sedimentary and volcanic rock that isare intruded by porphyry, diabase porphyry, and albite dikes. The veins occur mainly in tuffaceous rock and rarely in dikes. Veins range from 2 to 5 m thick, extend along strike for 50 to 300 m, and extend 70 to 350 m downdip. Eighteen veins occur. Typical ore minerals are fahl, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, smaltite, and chloantite, and rare arsenopyrite. Unksov, 1961; Borisenko and others, 1984. Russia N 46 62 Abakanskoye 52 25 00 N 52.4166666666667 90 02 E 90.0333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 38% Fe. Reserves of 172,500,000 tonnes. North-Sayanian Consists of large lenses and layers of magnetite that are hosted in Early Cambrian extrusive and tuffaceous rock, andesite and basalt extrusives, tufaceous sandstone, and aleurolite intercalated with conglomerate and limestone. The magnetite deposits about 3 km from a plagiogranite and pyroxene diorite intrusive. Wall rock exhibit albite, chlorite, and amphibole alterations. Deposits are concordant to bedding of host rocks. Four deep-steeping deposits occur and extend from 550 to 1000 m along strike, reach to 430 to 1150 m deep, and range from 14 to 60 m thick. Ores are mottled, massive, laminated, brecciated and disseminated. The main mineral ore assemblages are: amphibole-magnetite, amphibole-chlorite-magnetite, chlorite-calcite-magnetite, and epidote-chlorite-magnetite. The principal ore mineral is magnetite. Associated minerals are chlorite, gastingsite, albite, carbonate, quartz, anhydrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Garnet and pyroxene are rare. The deposits exhibit two main relations: (1) close temporal and spatial relation with Early Cambrian volcanic and sedimentary rock; and (2) occurrence of hydrosilicate skarn minerals as the result of contact-metasomatism related to Cambrian or younger intrusions. Bogatskiy and Kurceraite, 1966; Kalugin and others, 1981; Orlov, 1998; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia N 46 63 Karbai 52 01 00N 52.0166666666667 90 32E 90.5333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 20-54% Fe. Resources of 25,000,000 tonnes. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of magnetite and mushketovite in metasomaticaly altered Silurian carbonaceous and clastic rock intruded by plagiogranite, granodiorite (Silurian) and microclinic granite (Early Devonian). Numerous small bodies of gabbro and diabase, diabase, quartz-albitophire and porphyry in deposit occur. Pyroxene-, amphibole-, epidote-and chlorite-metasomatite are widespread. Lenses are concordant with wall-rock bedding, and extend along strike from tens to some hundred m, and range from 2 to 80 m thick. Principal ore minerals are magnetite and mushketovite. Associated minerals are hematite, pyrite, pirrhotite, chalcopyrite, bismuthite, sphalerite, and Co-arsenides. Gangue minerals quartz, actinolite, tremolite, and chlorite. Contents of S is 0.5-10%, P up to 0.04%. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia N 46 64 Sitikskoye 55 47 00N 55.7833333333333 93 35 00E 93.5833333333333 Hg Volcanic-hosted Hg Small Grade of 0.01-0.85% Hg. Unassigned Consists of streaks and disseminations of Hg minerals in silica- and carbonate-altered Devonian volcanic and sedimentary rock. Deposit extends for 180 m along strike and varies from 1 to 10 m thick. The deposit minerals are cinnabar, hematite, pyrite, chalcopyrite. Hg content ranges from 0.01 to 0.85%. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 46 7 Konstantinovskoye 54 24 00N 54.4 93 39E 93.65 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 18 g/t Au. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of gold-sulfide bodies in endo-and exocontact of Olkhovsk granitoid massif (Ordovician) with Cambrian carbonate rock (dolostone, limestone). Carbonate rock is altered to skarn. Quartz-porphyry and diabase dikes occur. Deposit ocurs in granite and quartz diorite in quartz veinlets, lenses and dissemination of sulfides formed a small-size deposits of 0.3-3 m thick. Deposits in fracture zones in carbonate rock are irregular and occur in lenses and pipes. The deposit minerals are calcite, hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, fahlore, native gold, Bi-minerals. Host rock alterations consist of beresite alteration, silica alteration, sericite alteration and chlorite alteration. Native gold associated with sulfide-polymetallic assemblage. Fineness of gold is 360-700. Timofeevskiy, 1950; Khazagarov, 1963, 1968; Romanov, 1971; Ivankin, 1974. Russia N 46 8 Olkhovskoye 54 22 00N 54.3666666666667 93 27E 93.45 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Kizir-Kazyr Occurs along the contact zone of the Ordovician Olchovsk granitoid pluton that intrudes Early and Middle Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic rock that is contact metamorphosed and metasomatized. Lenses and columns sulfide deposits commonly occur in carbonate rock. Quartz and quartz-sulfide veins and dense networks of stockwork veinlets occur in hornfels contact zones adjacent to granitoids. Also occurring in the pluton is disseminated Au. Wallrock is altered to beresite, silica, sericite and chlorite. Main deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, fahlore Bi-minerals and native Au. Gold deposits are mainly associated with polymetallic Timofeevskiy, 1950; Bulinnikov, 1968; Chazagorov, 1963, 1968; Smirnov, 1978. Russia N 46 9 Medvezhie 54 21 00N 54.35 93 26E 93.4333333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Kizir-Kazyr Consists of gold-sulfide minerals in contact zone of Ordovician Olchovsk granitoid massif that intrudes Early and Middle Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic rock. Host rock is altered to hornfels and skarn. There are three morphological types: (1) lenses, andcolumnar bodies of massive and disseminated deposit minerals in carbonate rock, having 200-250 m long and up to 20 m thick; (2) quartz and quartz-sulfide veins and zones that extend 150-200 m along strike and have 0.5-1,2 m thick; (3) streaks and disseminations of quartz-sulfides in granitoids and other rock. Wallrock alterations are: beresite, silica, sericite, chlorite alterations. Deposit minerals are pyrrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopirite, marcasite, native gold and Bi-minerals. Gangue minerals quartz, carbonates, sericite, chlorite. Fineness of gold is 690-360. Timofeevskiy, 1950; Khazagarov, 1963, 1968; Ivankin, 1974. Russia N 47 1 Beloziminskoye 55 34 N 55.5666666666667 100 33 E 100.55 Nb, Ta REE, P, Zr, Ti REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Large Grade of 0.39 %; Nb205 and 0.015-0.017 % Ta205. Prisayanskiy Consists of a stockwork body of carbonatites that occurs in a core of a alkaline ultramafic pluton. The stockwork extends over 10 km2, and in plan forms an ellipse trending northwest. The stockwork extends to about 750 m. The stockwork is surrounded by carbonatite veins in a zone about 100 m thick and up to 1 km long. Carbonatite contains relics of silicate rock in the peripheral part of the stockwork. The calcite carbonatites consists of apatite, magnetite, and phlogopite. The deposit formed in four stages; the second stage is the most ecnomic. Outward to inward, the major mineral zones consist of pyroxene, forsterite, mica, and monomineral calcite. REE minerals include dizanalite, baddeleite, zirkelite, hatchettolite, and pyrochlore. Baddeleite, dizanalite, and zirkelite occur only in peripheral parts adjacent to host rock. Hatchettolite is widespread in the external zone, and pyrochlore occurs in the internal zone. Pozharitskaya and others, 1972; Frolov, 1975; Emelyanov and others, 1998. Russia N 47 10 Zashikhinskoe 53o36'N 53.6 98o45'E 98.75 Ta, Nb Zr, Sn, Hf, REE Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Large Contains up to about 0.072% (on average 0.033%) Ta205 , average 0.25% Nb205. Zashikhinskiy Occurs in an alkaline granite pluton with riebeckite and rare aegerine-riebeckite. The pluton is a small lenticular stock with a surface area of 1 to 1.5 sq.km. The alkaline granite contains autometasomatic and post-magmatic albite alteration and associated Ta, Nb, REE and Zr minerals. The rich albite Ta-Nb metasomatite deposit occurs in the apical part of the pluton and at deeper levels is replaced by low-grade Ta-Nb deposits consisting of quartz, albite, microcline, riebeckite and arfvedsonite that occurs in a protolithionite metasomatite. Deposit contains Ta, Ni, Zr, Sn, Hf and REE. Arkhangelskaya, and others, 1997. Russia N 47 11 Verkhne-Iiskoye 5310 N 53 99 39 E 99.65 Ti, Fe W, Cu, Bi, In, Ag Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Average grade of 9.71% TiO2, 21-34% F, 0.47% P205. Iiskiy Occurs in the early Paleozoic Khaaktygoy layered massif that contains anorthosite, olivine and titano-magnetite gabbro, olivine pyroxenite and plagioperidotite (kanzaskite). The gabbros are melanocratic and vary from anorthosite to ultramafic with sulfides. Deposit is defined by a magnetic anomaly that extends for 12.5 km, andvaries from 1.2 to 3 km wide. A 3 sq.km. contains six lens-shaped sulfide bodies that range from 30-60 m thick and 350-800 m long with gradational contacts. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations and masses and consist of titano-magnetite, ilmenite, magnetite, apatite and pyrrhotite with rare pyrite and chalcopyrite. Shabalin, 1977; Baryshev, 1981; Bognibov and Mekhonoshin, 1990. Russia N 47 12 Botogolskoe 52o21N 52.35 100o45'E 100.75 Al Magmatic nepheline Medium Average grade of 21% Al203. Bokson-Kitoiskiy Occurs in the Botogol alkaline nepheline syenite massif that forms an elongated oval that is 6 x 2 km and intrudes Proterozoic schist and carbonate rock. The massif formed in three stages: normal pyroxene and quartz syenite; alkaline pyroxene and nepheline syenite; and leucocratic nepheline syenite. Two deposit bodies occur, the Severny body of 0.6 km2 size and the Yuzhny body of 0.2 km2 size. The bodies are separated by a kilometer-wide zone of a low-grade deposit. The Severny body is mainly leucocratic nepheline syenite with local biotite and pyroxene. The Yuzhny body is mainly a pyroxene nepheline syenite. The deposit is interpreted as forming in a back-arc rift. Solonenko, 1950. Russia N 47 13 Zun-Kholba 52 08 N 52.1333333333333 101 14 E 101.233333333333 Au Pb, An, Ag, Cu (Bi, Pt) Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 26 ppm Au, 24-37 ppm Ag, 1.7ppm Pt. Bokson-Kitoiskiy Consists of a steeply-dipping zone (8000 x 200-600 m) that strikes NW and contains over over 30 bodies of which 12 are economic. The bodies are divided into: (1) steeply-dipping quartz-polysulfide; (2) banded chalcopyrite-pyrite bodies; and (3) quartz veins. The first is economically important is hosted in talc-chlorite and carbonaceous-siliceous shale, are a combination of vein and dissemination with 20-50% sulfides. Major deposit minerals are pyrite (up to 30-45%), pyrrhotite (up to 5-30%), chalcopyrite (up to 10%), galena (up to 5-8%) and sphalerite (up to 5%) and rare bornite, chalcocite, bismuthine, native silver and Au and Ag tellurides. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and talc and rare albite, chlorite, muscovite, sericite and graphite. Wallrock contains zones of beresite, talc, graphitie and listvinite alterations. Sulfide body dimensions are 150-300 by 0.2 by 0.4 m and occur in limestone. Sulfide grade ranges up to 50-80% and sulfides are mainly pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Small quartz-sulfide veins 1-2% and rarely 5% sulfides with an average grade of 9.8 ppm Au and 13 ppm Ag. Deposit occurs in the central part of the Samarta-Kholba shear zone along the northern boundary of the Gargansky terrane. Feofilaktov, 1992; Zhmodik and others, 1994; Dobretsov and Ignatovich, 1989. Russia N 47 14 Barun-Kholba 52 09 N 52.15 101 13 E 101.000833333333 Au Pb, Zn, Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 1.8-18 ppm Au, 15-20 ppm Ag. Bokson-Kitoiskiy Consists of a series of small echelon-like located quartz veins and zones of veinlet-disseminated mineralization confined to subparallel zones of layering NW sublatitudinal strike (thickness of the zone of tectonites 100-150 m), in thge linear tectoinic block (13 km2). Twelve ore zones contain economic gold-bearing bodies (300 x 0.6 - 0.8 x 550 m). Sulfides about 10-15%, major ones - pyrite, galena, sphalerite, minor ones -pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, rarely bornite, bismuthine, grey ores; magnetite and scheelite are present. Vein minerals are quartz of several generations, carbonates, rarely sericite, epidote. Gold is fine, in places separations 0.5-1.0 mm. Distribution ios irregular. Near-ore rocks in the band 3-5 m are intensely bersitized. The zones of veinlet-impregnated mineralization are located beneath quartz veins. Enclosing rocks are represented by plagiogranites (AR2). The ore-bearing tectonic blockoccurs in the western part of the Samarta-Kholba block of shearing zone. Levitsky, 1966; Vinogradov,1958; Dobretsov and Ignatovich, 1989. Russia N 47 15 Pionerskoye 2 52 06 N 52.1 100 58 E 100.966666666667 Au Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 4.5 g/t Au. Bokson-Kitoiskiy Consists of a large vein zone (2700 x 60 m) counting 20 quartz veins, three are economic and are 90-270 m long, 160 m deep and 0.2-0.6 m wide (to 3 m in swells). In pillars the Au grade is 250 ppm, Ag 76 ppm. Deposit is gold-pyrite-quartz type: pyrite 82% all mass of sulfides; less abundant are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, rare bornite, stannine, chalcocite, tellurides Au, Ag, Bi. Vein minerals-quartz, in small amount-calcite, sericite, chlorite, rare albite, epidote, zoisite. Gold has high finess (930), occurs as dispersed dissemination in pyrite, rarely unbound coarse-crystalline, dendrite and veinlet. Distribution of Au in the plane of veins is extremely irregular, produces gently sloping pillars (7-10 m wide, 60-120 m long). Also occurring are beresite alteration and sericite alteration. Host rock is granite gneiss, gneiss and granitoids (Early and Middle Archean). In regional plan the zone is confined to a large rupture of WNW orientation. G.N. Belskaya and others, written commun., 1958; Vinogradov, 1958; Gromova, 1960; Globa, 1963; Levitsky, 1966; Feofilaktov, 1970. Russia N 47 16 Ilchirskoye 52o02'N 52.0333333333333 101o05'E 101.083333333333 Chrysotile asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Small Average grade of 2.5% asbestos fibre. Ranging 0.08-0.25% textile grade asbestos. Bokson-Kitoiskiy Occurs in the Ilchir lens-shaped massif (2.5 x 1 km) composed of Vendian peridotite and serpentinite. Deposit is an irregular lens with dimensions of 1700 by 100-380 by 150-550 m. Deposit has a concentric structure: a central part of asbestos-bearing serpentinite with a core of unaltered harzburgite; outward, serpentinite devoid of asbestos; and serpentinite-talc-carbonate rock. High-grade asbestos occurs in two tectonic zones of that cut the massif and vary from 100 to 400 m thick. Asbestos is a large network type with veinlets ranging from 20-30 mm thick (locally up to 70 mm), trending various directions, and spaced at about 1-2 m apart. The ore minerals are chrysotile-asbestos, bastite, serpentine, ophite, magnetite, talc, chromite, brucite, atagorite, carbonates, pyroxene, and olivine. Asbestos is silky and durable, aud is useful for technological purposes. Gokoev, 1932; Blinnikov and Lodochnikoiv, 1936; 1947; Shamansky, 1945; Blinnikov, 1947; Krutsko, 1964. Russia N 47 17 Aksug 53 26 00 N 53.4333333333333 96 34 E 96.5666666666667 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Grade of 0.5-1.0% Cu, 0.02% Mo. Kizhi-Khem Consists of a stockwork with streaks and disseminations of Cu-Mo minerals in intensely-sheeted and hydrothermally-altered Early Cambrian volcanic rock that is intruded by the Aksug stock. The stock varies from gabbro and diorite in periphyry to granodiorite and granite porphyry in the core. The dominant rocks are tonalite and Na-rich plagiogranite. Deposis occurs in outer zone of the porphyry intrusive around the quartz core. Two circular deposits occur. Host rocks are altered to K-feldspar, silicia and propylite. Cu deposits occurs in hydrothermally alteration of quartz and sericite. Locally, Mo occurs in quartz-K-feldspar metasomatite. The ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, molybdenite, fahl, enargite, and magnetite. Popov and others, 1988; Dobrjanskiy and others, 1992; Sotnikov and Berzina, 1993, 1998 Russia N 47 18 Daschkhemskoye 53 18 00N 53.3 96 54 00E 96.9 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Small Not available. Kizhi-Khem Consists of a Mo stockwork hosted in early Paleozoic silicified biotite granodiorite. Porphyry dikes occur in the district. The deposit occurs in seven areas that range from 1 to10 m wide and up to 30 m long. The total area of Mo deposits is 400 m2. Deposits consist of quartz-sulfide veins, veinlets (up to 1 cm thick), and fine molybdenite disseminations. Also occurring is pyrite. Grade ranges up to 0.3 to 0.4% Mo. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia N 47 19 Kazyrskoye 53 29 00N 53.4833333333333 96 09 00E 96.15 Be, Li W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Reserves of 30,000 tonnes BeO. Kizhi-Khem Consists of lenses and stocks of Be-bearing and beryl-fluorite metasomatite in Early Cambrian carbonate rock in exocontact zone of the granitoid intrusive. Kachalo and others, 1976; Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia N 47 2 Vishnyakovskoye 55 13N 55.2166666666667 97 42 E 97.7 Ta Nb, Li, Rb, Be, Sn REE-Li pegmatite Large Grade of 0.014-0.026% Ta205. Tagulskiy Occurs in the Tagul-Tumanshet mobile zone and consists of gently-lying veins in fine-grained ortho-amphibolite and metamorphosed diabase and gabbro. Pegmatite veins are tabular, upper veins are arched and range up to 12 m thick and 2 km long. The average grade in explores bodies ranges up to 0.018% Ta205. Deposit contains both Ta and Li-Ta facies. The Ta facies (with an average grade of 0.026% Ta205) occurs in the upper, central and eastern parts of the deposit. The Li-Ta facies (with an average grade 0.014% Ta205) occurs in deeper layers on the western and SW flanks of the deposit. About 89% Ta is contains in tantalite, vodginite, microlite, ixiolite, 3.6% in cassiterite, 10.7% as microtraces in rock-forming minerals. Petalite is the primary lithium mineral. Mica and K-feldspar contain Cs and Rb. Pegmatite also contains widespread apatite, beryl, topaz and fluorite. Pegmatite veins occur in the exocontact zone of the granitoid mass. Vakhromeev and others, 1983; Makagon and others, 1983; Ryabtsev, 1998. Russia N 47 20 Ulug-Alymskoye 53 01 00N 53.0166666666667 97 30 00E 97.5 W, Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kizhi-Khem Consists of zones of molybdenite and scheelite in a hydrothermal metasomatite in the dome of a Devonian granite massif. Streaks and disseminations of chalcopyrite, scheelite and molybdenite occur in sericite-, albite- and silica-altered granitoids in the endocontact zone of the massif. Pyatov, 1979; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia N 47 21 Aryskanskoye 1 53 12 00 N 53.2 96 24 00 E 96.4 REE, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Medium Grade of 0.2-0.5% REE. Kizhi-Khem Consists of of albite metasomatite with zircon (malacon) and Ti-Ta-Nb minerals that occur along a northwest-striking fault zone in the apical part of a middle Paleozoic granitoid massif. The deposit is 375 m long, varies from 15 to 70 m thick, and increases to 110 m thick at a depth 250 m. Albite formed during intrusion of aegirine-riebeckite granite and granosyenite with an isotopic age of 390-400 Ma. Three stages of formation of albite metasomatite are recognized. The first stage is albite-zircon (malacon) metasomatic veins with riebeckite. The second stage is priorite, and fergusonite that are closely associated with albitite metasomatite. The largest vein is 170 m long and 0.45 m thick. And the third stage is quartz veinlets with ilmenite, sulfides, native As, Ta-Nb minerals, and thorite. Ore minerals are priorite, fergusonite, pyrochlore, zircon (malacon), thorite, gadolinite, astrophyllite, xenotime, apatite, gagarinite, fluorite, bastnaesite, native As. Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia N 47 22 Ulug-Odir-Oiy 52 09 00N 52.15 98 02 00E 98.0333333333333 Ta, Nb, REE Peralkaline granitoid-related Nb-Zr-REE Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of veins of alkali metasomatite confined to the exocontact zone of the Dugdinsk nepheline syenite massif and Neoproterozoic contact metamorphosed schist. Bodies consist of mariupolite and albitite veins resulted from metasomatic replacement of nepheline syenite, schist, and, largely, nepheline and alkaline pegmatite. Host rock is pyroxene-amphibole schist with marble interbeds. Veins are elongated NW up to 500 m, their thickness ranges from 0.5 to 8.0 m. Totally 20 veins occur. Alkaline metasomatite consist ofbiotite-amphibole-nepheline rock with accessory fluorite and aegirine. Mariupolite is replaced by biotite-amphibole or aegirine-amphibole albitite with eudialyte, rinkolite and zircon (malacon). Kudrin and Kudrina, 1959. Russia N 47 23 Dalneye 52 00 30 N 52.0083333333333 96 05 00E 96.0833333333333 Zn, Pb, Cu Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Ulugoisk Consists of lens-like bodies of pyrite-polymetallic massive sulfide ores hosted in rocks of the rhyolite-dacite-basalt complex of the Lower Cambrian age. The ore deposit is situated at the eastern flank of the Kyzyl-Tashtyg ore field. Ore mineralization as well as subvolcanic intrusions of diorite-porphyrites, rhyolite-dacite porphyries of volcanic vent facies, gabbro-diabases and explosive breccias of basalt porphyrites are controlled by series of fractures. Ore bodies occur among alternated andesite-basalts, dacites, tuffs, coaly-silica-argillaceous shales and tufaceous sandstones. The massive ores are localized at the contacts between subvolcanic intrusions and explosive breccias of basalt-porphyrites. Ores have massive and disseminated structures. Pyrite, pyrite-sphalerite, sphalerite and barite-polymetallic mineral types are distinguished. The main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, subordinate galena. Arsenopyrite, magnetite, tennantite, hematite, enargite rarely occur. The gangue minerals are barite, carbonates, chlorite, quartz, lesser albite, sericite, kaolinite. Distanov, 1977; Zaikov and others, 1981. Russia N 47 3 Malo-Tagulskoye 54 49 N 54.8166666666667 97 06 E 97.1 Ti, Fe Pt, V Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Average grade in disseminated ore is 4.7% TiO2, 26.8% Fe. Tagulskiy Occurs in the Malotagulsky massif of metagabbro in blocks that total 160 sq.km. Fault zones bound occurrences that are about 2 km long and 300-800 m wide. Wallrock include amphibolite, migmatite and eclogite. Bodies are a series of steeply-dipping lenses and layers that extend for 1750 m and are 10-25 m thick. Deposit consists of: (1) disseminations in metagabbro, including magnetite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, ferri-ilmenite (magneto-ilmenite), hematite with gradational contacts with host rock; (2) sideronite that consists of silicate minerals with titano-magnetite, ilmenite and spinel; and (3) thin veinlets and large crossing veins of titano-magnetite and ilmenite that are divided into high-grade (15-24% TiO2) and medium grade (8-13% TiO2). The following stages formed the deposit: (1) magmatic with formation of mafic rock from tholeiitic magma in island arc; (2) progressive metamorphism at granulite facies resulting in initial eclogite, formation of titano-magnetite-ilmenite melts and formation of oxidized deposit minerals in disseminations; and (3) retrograde metamorphism at amphibolite facies and granitization with formation of most deposit mineral masses. Age of deposit interpreted as Mesoproterozoic. Mekhonoshinand others, 1986; Starostin, 1998. Russia N 47 4 Karasuk 54 18 00N 54.3 98 35 00E 98.5833333333333 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Not available. Sorsk Consists of Pb-Zn lenses and pipes in Cambrian limestone. Deposit occurs in a syncline formed in crystalline, microlaminated limestone interbedded with bituminous limestone and siltstone. Limestone is intruded by small granosyenite bodies surrounded by a wide zone of intrusive breccia. Quartz porphyry dikes cut the granosyenite. All intrusive rock is interpreted as Devonian. Deposit occurs along the dike contact and ranges from 0.4 to 0.8 m thick. The major ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, and pyrite, and minor minerals are arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and marcasite and native Au. Gangue minerals are calcite, quartz, ankerite, siderite, chlorite, sericite, and adularia. Ore minerals occur in masses, layers, and disseminations. Wallrock displays sideritie, silica, and pyrite alteration. A weak oxidation zone occurs. Deposit has been mined and is small. Bulynnikov, 1960; Levchenko, 1975. Russia N 47 5 Gutaro-Biryusinskoye 54 23 N 54.3833333333333 97 46 E 97.7666666666667 Muscovite Muscovite pegmatite Medium Over 170 small veins. Tagulskiy Consists of a large tectonic block with a number of pegmatite fields in hinges of gently-lying anticline folds of submeridional strike: Tepsinsky, Neroisky, and Gutarsky. Dimensions of pegmatite veins vary widely: length from 10 to 20 m to 800 m (average 50-60 m); thickness from 1 to 2 m to 10 m (average of 5-7 m); and depth of 50-100 m. Major minerals are quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, microcline, and rare biotite. Deposit consists of quartz-muscovite pegmatite with mainly plagioclase, rare plagioclase-microcline and, biotite along with muscovite. Paleoproterozoic granite hosts pegmatite and intrudes Paleoproterozoic two-mica gneiss and schist along the flanks of Middle Archean gneiss and amphibolite. Deposit occurs in the Archean Biryusinsky terrane. Glebov, 1969 and 1971; Fedorov and others, 1975; Konoplev, 1937; Kochnev and others, 1989; Sokolov and others, 1970; Shmakin and others, 1969. Russia N 47 6 Ingashinskoye 53 19'N 53.3166666666667 100o54E 100.9 Diamond Diamond-bearing kimberlite Small Low grade. Prisayanskiy Occurs in a dike field of nine small bodies (0.08-1.0 x 50-850 m) that intrude Paleoproterozoic schist. Dikes composed mainly of olivine and phlogopite, and minor serpentine, talc, calcite, titanomagnetite, pyrope, and Cr-spinel, and rare ilmenite, apatite, diamond, chlorite, and volcanic glass, and local praiderite, armakolite, and alkaline amphibole. Most abundant are Cr spinel, orange almandine, and pyrope, and rare Cr diopside and magnetite. The dike thicknesses are extremely irregular and the dike dip is subvertical. Dikes are subdivided into: (1) calcite free vitreous mass (olivine lamproite); (2) calcite with phlogopite (mica kimberlite); and (3) low-calcite with olivine (transitional). An isotopic age for the dikes is 1268 Ma. The small Yuzhnaya pipe at Belaya Zima consists of kimberlite breccia. Diamonds are rhombododecahedral and range up to 60 mg with green spots. A single crystal of balas diamond is known. Deposit occurs on the eastern flank of the Urik-Iisk graben where cut by the Urik-Tumanshet tectonic zone along the flank of the Birusinsky block. Dibrov and others, 1960; Odintsov and others, 1962;.Sekerin and Vladimirov, 1986,1989; Pechersky, 1965; Prokopchuk and Metelkina, 1985; Sekerin and others, 1993. Russia N 47 7 Sredneziminskoye 53o27'N 53.45 100o26'E 100.433333333333 Ta, Nb REE, P, Zr, Ti REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Large Not available. Prisayanskiy Consists of carbonatite with REE minerals in a multi-phase massif of ultramafic-alkaline rock. In plan, has a lenticular shape of 2.6 sq.km. and is extended NW along the controlling fault. Numerous relics of enclosing rock, both in periphery and in the center of the massif also display elongated shape and trend the same direction. The larger part of massif consists of carbonatite. The nepheline-pyroxene rock, nepheline syenite and phenite are less abundant.Carbonatite occur 500 m down. The main minerals making up REE minerals, including hatchettolite, zircon, rutile, sphene. Astrophyllite is available in adjacent albite. The average grade of Nb and Ta pentoxide in carbonatite deposit minerals is Nb205-0.17%, Ta205-0.028%. In addition to Nb and Ta, the deposit contains significant grades of U, Th, Ti, P, Zr and REE. There is a distinct pattern of distribution in the REE minerals. Zircon and sphene occur in the peripheral parts of the carbonatite bodies. Hatchettolite occurs ubiquitously. However, hatchettolite from internal parts of carbonatite bodies is noticeably lower in Ta, than that from peripheral zones. Pazharitsky and others, 1972; Frolov, 1975; Emelyanov and others, 1998. Russia N 47 8 Gorkhonskoye 53 31 N 53.5166666666667 99 29 E 99.4833333333333 Hg Cu Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Average grade of 0.2-0.85% Hg. Zashikhinskiy Consists of two districts with nests, streaks, and stockworks. The two districts occur along the feather branches of the Iisky-Gorkhon fault. In the first district, the deposit extends for 220, and extends for 100 m in the second district. Deposit consists of veinlets, nests, and irregular bodies. The ore minerals are cinnabar and pyrite, and rare chalcopyrite, marcasite, quartz, sericite, and hydromica. Layers of ore minerals also occur in dolomite in the core and flanks of anticlines.The main host rock is Neoproterozoic sandstone, shale, and dolomite that are discordantly overlapped by conglomerate and sandstone. Geological Studies of the USSR (Irkutsk Oblast), 1969. Russia N 47 9 Agulskoye 54 27 00 N 54.45 96 13 E 96.2166666666667 Cu Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Average grade of 0.07% Mo. Agulsk Consists of a Cu-Mo stockwork hosted in Proterozoic schist and gneiss intruded by a Paleozoic granitoid stock. The host rocks are altered to K-feldspar, silica, and sericite. A hydrothermal alteration zone contains some intensely brecciated and silicified areas. Ore minerals are molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, abd scheelite. Gangue minerals are quartz, feldspar, sericite, and carbonate Petrov and Mkrtychan, 1976. Russia N 48 1 Sosnovy Baits 52 43 N 52.7166666666667 102 03 E 102.05 Fe V, Cr, Ge Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Resources of 19.2 million tonnes grading 27.9% Fe. Sharizhalgaiskiy Consists of a series of alternating Paleoproterozoic garnet-biotite and amphibole gneiss and schist. About 30 beds of ferruginous quartzite (50-1000 x 1.4-11 m) occur and are composed of thin banded magnetite and hematite. Major minerals: hematite (to 55-75%), magnetite, partially martite, goethite, limonite; non-metalliferous-quartz (30-60%), as well as biotite, chlorite, garnet, amphibole; sporadically pyrite, pyrrhotite. Mineral types deposit minerals are hematite and magnetite-hematite. Useful admixtures are Ge, V, Cr, Ni, Co.The weathering crust (0.8-1.7 m with total Fe abundance 38%) occurs. Deposit minerals are martitisized. The content of P205-0.25%-0.67%. The beds of ferruginous quartzite occur on the slopes of granite-gneiss domes. It is confined to the Sharyzhalgay Suite. Small. Prospected reserves 19.2 mln.t. with total Fe 27.9%. Uchitel and others, 1966; Mikhailov, 1983; Geological Structure of the USSR, 1987; L.N. Suprunenko and others, written commun., 1966; V.G. Rybakov and others, written commun., 1988. Russia N 48 2 Onotskoe 52o38'N 52.6333333333333 102o04'E 102.066666666667 Talc Talk, magnetite Talc (magnesite) replacement Medium Not available. Prisayanskiy Occurs in the western part of the Onotsky graben that contains Paleoproterozoic volcanic and carbonate rock. Most of the talc is in carbonate in the Kamchadal sequence. Two productive horizons occur. (1) The lower horizon is 100-150 m thick and consists of dolomite and magnesite in lenses in limestone and various metamorphic rock. and (2) The upper horizon is 20 m thick and consists of magnesite. Deposit occurs in the lower horizon that is sheared and deformed into recumbent steeply-dipping folds. Deposit hosts seven large bodies of different morphology and composition. Of economic significance are veins and swells that form 32 bodies with thicknesses from a few to 50-80 m, lengths of tens 200-600 m and depths of over 260 m. Deposit minerals are talc, magnesite, chlorite, graphite, dolomite, serpentine, hematite, sagenite, apatite and quartz. The origin is interpreted as an apomagnesite talc deposit with massive structure (steatite). The structure is thin to scaly. The deposit mineral quality is high and the color varies from white to light green to light gray. Nadelyaev, 1958; Basmanov, 1960; Korenbaum, 1967; Romanovich and others, 1982. Russia N 48 3 Savinskoe 52 35 N 52.5833333333333 102 08 E 102.133333333333 Magnesite, talc Talc (magnesite) replacement Large Reserves of about 300 million tonnes. Resources of 2.5 billion tonnes. Magnesite is coarse-crystalline. Sharizhalgaiskiy Deposit consists of a lens trending NW (9000 x 600 m) and occurs along the western edge of a syncline dipping NE at 65-85o. Deposit contains magnesite (79-95%), chlorite (to 7%), quartz (0-7%), serpentine (to 1%), talc (1-6%), pyrite (to 3-5%), rare antigorite, brucite, pyrophyllite, graphite, dolomite, clinochlore. The dimensions of magnesite grains 3-25 mm; coarse-crystalline varieties of 1 and 2 grades (with MgO 46%) over 30%. The pyrite zones (thickness 1-15 m),located on the flanks of the deposit, includes Co minerals with Co grade from 0.02 to 0.5%; reserves of cobalt in pyrite concentrate 2.1 thousand tons with content 0.45%. On the flanks of the magnesite occurrence are layers of talc magnesite of 2-20 m to 100-300 m thickness (reserves over 2 billion tonnes). The economic magnesite occurs in a suite (1000-1300 m thick) of biotite-amphibole schist, Mn limestone, dolomite and amphibolite that contains thick layers (up to 300-600 m) of magnesite and talc. They extend along the zone of major fault to 25 km. Deposit occurs on the western side of the Onotsky graben filled with volcanic-clastic and carbonate sedimentary rock (Paleoproterozoic). Nadelyaev, 1958; Basmanov, 1960; Blinnikov and others, 1967; Baranov and others, 1971; Poletaev, 1973; Scherbakov and Poletaev, 1977; Romanovich and others, 1982; Urasina and others, 1993. Russia N 48 4 Zhidoyskoye 52 01 N 52.0166666666667 102 52 E 102.866666666667 Ti, Fe Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Average grade of 13.75%TiO2. Prisayanskiy deposit is hosted by pyroxenite of the Zhidoysky massif that contains the Devonian Ziminsky Intrusive Complex. The massif occurs in the tectoni zone in Archean gneiss and covers the area 0.7 sq. km. Its composition includes pyroxenite and ijolite. Massif's formation is multi-staged. The fisrt stage is intrusion of pyroxenite-bearing perovskite-magnetite and Ti minerals. The abundance of titano-magnetite is 10-30% the rock bulk, size of bodies 200-1100 x 15 m. The second phase is intrusion of ijolite, the third one is nepheline syenite, essexite, selvburgite and tinguaite, the fourth one carbonates and feldspar-nepheline-carbonate rock. Carbonates include REE minerals (pyrochlore, perovskite). Isakova and others, 1967; Konev, 1970. Russia N 49 1 Ulzutuiskoye 53 04 N 53.0666666666667 111 40 E 111.666666666667 Zn Pb Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Small Grade of 0.07-7.16% Zn, 0.06-0.83% PbO, 16.68-29.15; Fe, 7.13-11.68 S. Pb:Zn 1:6. Ozerninskiy Occurs in the Ozerninsky deposit and consists of host layer in the core of gently-lying syncline. The host layer contains a series of lenticular bodies occurring conformably to aleuro-sandstone and tuff, and andesite-basalt porphyry. Six bodies occur and vary in thickness from some to tens of m and extent 1200 m. Deposit is broken by faults. Deposits are composed of rhythmic, thin and concretion bodies. Layering is due to alternation of sulfides (1-5 mm thick) and siliceous and clastic aleuro-sandstone and sandstone. Sulfides comprise up to 10-15%. Deposit minerals consist of sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, rare arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and magnetite. Vein minerals are quartz, sericite, plagioclase, chlorite and carbonates. Pyrite and siliceous magnetite often occur in the roof deposits. The host rock is intruded by dikes of diorite porphyry, syenite porphyry and granite (middle and late Paleozoic), locally altered to skarn and K-feldspar. Skarns contain garnet, magnetite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and anomolous Mo, Sn and B. Kovalev, Buslenko, 1992. Russia N 49 2 Ozernoye 2 52 58 N 52.9666666666667 111 37 E 111.616666666667 Zn Pb, Ag, Cd, Fe, Tl, S, Ba Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Large Average grade of 5.49% Zn, 1.02% Pb, 25.57% Fe 20,13% S. Ozerninskiy Consists of stratified bodies of layered, banded, lenticular and complex form.The bodies extend from 1300 to 2340 m, thickness from 1-2 to 30-45 m.Deposit occurs in layers and extends to a depth of 350 m. Deposit is interpreted as pyrite-polymetallic type. Deposit minerals are primarily Zn with admixture of galena. Major deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, barite, siderite and magnetite. Minor ones are arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, gray ore, native silver, argenite, gold, bornite, stannite. Gauge minerals: quartz, calcite, dolomite, rhodochrosite and fluorite. On the surface, deposit minerals are oxidized. The deposit minerals occur in masses, bands, disseminations, veinlets and breccia. Local gradation exists and consists of pyrite through a zone of disseminated minerals into host rock. The host volcanic and carbonate sequence consists of Early Cambrian limestone andesite, andesite-basalt and basalt poyrphyry, tuff and tuffite that are intruded by granitoids of the Angara-Vitim batholith. The stratified sequence and granitoids is cut by dikes of siliceous porphyry, diabase and diorite porphyry, syenite porphyry and jointly with bodies are screened by the cover of siliceous volcanic rock. The siliceous-alkaline metasomatism is well displayed and consists of skarn, argillite and K-feldspar alteration. Distanov, 1977; Tsarev, 1995; Distanov and Kovalev, 1996. Russia N 49 3 Gundui 52 57 N 52.95 111 34 E 111.566666666667 Cu Fe, barite, Pb, Zn, Au, P, Mn, Co, V, Cd, In Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Grade of 0.92% Cu, 22-31% Fe, 27-46% barite. Ozerninsky Occurs in an outlier of Early Cambrian carbonate and pyroclastic rock along a contact with quartz-plagioclase porphyry. Deposit contains two large, steeply-dipping occurrences that range from 300-1000 m long, 600 m deep, and 8 to 105 m thick. Also occurring are three small occurrences along a major fault that also controls five Fe and Cu deposits. The ores minerals are chalcopyrite, barite, and magnetite. Lenses and layers of barite, chalcopyrite-barite, magnetite, apatite-magnetite, and Cu-pyrite also occur, and contain magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, hematite, barite, siderite, pyrrhotite, sphalelite, galena, bornite, and apatite. Gangue minerals are ankerite, calcite, quartz, chlorite, epidote, and K-feldspar. Chalcopyrite occurs as disseminations in masses with magnetite. Metamorphism formed chalcopyrite and barite nests and veins. Local siliceous and quartz-albite-chlorite metasomatite occur. Vetrov and Krupskiy, 1964; Konovalov, 1964; Vasiliev, 1977; Ponomarev and others, 1978; Nefediev and Vinogradov, 1982; Tsarev and Firsov, 1988; Kovalev and Buslenko, 1992; Tsarev, 1995. Russia N 49 4 Kydzhimitskoye 53o12'N 53.2 110o44'E 110.733333333333 Sn Pb, Zn, Ag Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Grades from 1 to 25% Sn. Eravninsky Consists of veins and layers in four zone fractures that strike sublatitudinally and are two km long and up to 30-40 m thick. The veins and layers consist of brecciated quartz-tourmaline metasomatite with sizes of 1500 by 220 by1-128 m and that occur in metamorphosed Early Carboniferous sandy shale and volcanic rock. The main deposit minerals are tourmaline, quartz, cassiterite, arsenopyrite, chlorite, galena and sphalerite; minor rutile, ilmenite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalocopyrite, magnetite, hematite, lollingite and native bismuth. Economically important are en-echelon lenses (with dimensions of 20 by 45 m) of arsenopyrite and cassiterite in the zones. Deposit contains dikes of Mesozoic diorite porphyry, microdiorite, spessartite that intrude the flanks of Triassic granite plutons and middle and late Paleozoic stocks of syenite, diorite, leucoratic granite and granosyenite. The host rock is altered to K-feldspar, greisen and chlorite. Khrustalev and Lositsky, 1970; Kopylov and others, 1977; Komarov and others, 1978; Shobogorov and others, 1983; Ignatovich and Martos, 1986; Belogolov and Sizykh, 1988. Russia N 49 5 Egitinskoye 52 32 N 52.5333333333333 111 02 E 111.033333333333 Fluorite Cu, Zn Carbonate-hosted fluorspar Large Average grade of 53.2% CaF2. Reserves of 4.2 million tonnes ore. Eravninsky Consists of 23 bodies and a series of small lenses in three deposits (600-1000 x 400 x 230 x 270 m) located at distances of 200-400 m. Three gently-lying, bedded, metasomatic occurrences (100-760 x 4-12 x 50-310 m) consist of breccia with clasts of limestone and argillite cemented by quartz-fluorite aggregate. Also occurring are massive and poorly-consolidated bodies. The major minerals are quartz, fluorite, calcite; minor-clay minerals, feldspars, Fe hydroxides (goethite and hematite), fluorine-apatite; and local magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, sphene, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. CaCO3 grade ranges up to 5-15%; Si02 about 15%; Al203 about 5.4%; P205 0.7%. Local average and high grades. Deposit is confined occurs at SE termination of a small xenolith (4 sq.km.) of carbonate rock of Early Cambrian age in granitoids (middle Paleozoic). Popov, 1981; Korotaev and others, 1986; Bulnaev, 1995. Russia N 49 6 Lugovoye 55 05 N 55.0833333333333 108 37 E 108.616666666667 Pb CaF2 Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Medium Average grade of 6.4% Zn with maximum of 16% Zn. Average grade of 0.38% Pb with of maximum 8% Pb. Average grade of 1% CaF2 with maximumm of 10% CaF2. Pribaikalskiy Consists of layered lenticular bodies in the syncline structure filled with carbonate rock. Bodies extend for 1200 m, thickness 2-5 m, depth of stripping 100 m. Deposit minerals occur in veinlets, disseminations and are primarily sphalerite (with galena, fluorite and pyrite). Deposit occurs in the Riphean Pribaikalsky near-craton trough. Ivanov and others 1993; Sinchuk, 1965; Geological Studies of the USSR, 1969. Russia N 50 1 Mokhovoye 55 48 N 55.8 115 43 E 115.716666666667 Sn Cu, Fe Porphyry Sn Medium Grade of 1.0-2.0% Sn, rarely to 8% Sn, up to 0.4% Cu. Muiskiy Consists of 23 lenses that range from 3-15 m thick and extend to 110 m depth. The lenses occur in pillars metasomatically altered cataclastic zones. Deposit assemblages are: (1) cassiterite-hematite; (2) magnetite-feldspar metasomatite with chalcopyrite and rare bornite, pyrite and scheelite; (3) mica-hematite-quartz in low grade metasomatite (about 0.004% Sn); (4) arsenopyrite-carbonate-sericite in greisen; and (5) molybdenite with rare beryl in quartz vein. The first assemblage is more economically important and the second and third assemblages are secondary and occur along the edges of the deposit. Deposit occurs in a paleocaldera with surface dimensions of 30 x 50 km that consists of Riphean metavolcanic rock, including basalt and rhyolite that are intercalated with with Vendian clastic calcareous sedimentary rock. The caldera is hosted in intensely deformed Mesoproterozoic granitoids that are alterted to K-feldspar and hematite. Metasomatism is most intense along NW fracture zones and less intense along NE zones. Deposit contains traces of Cu, Co, Zn and Mn. Deposit not explored at depth and or along flanks. Khrustalev and Yatsenko, 1977; Mitrofanova, 1979, 1981; Khrenov and others, 1983; Ignatovich, 1986; Skurskiy, 1996. Russia N 50 10 Budyumkanskoye 52o58'N 52.9666666666667 119o30'E 119.5 Sn (Pb, Zn, Cu, Bi, W) Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.26-1.5% Sn. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Consists of mineralized zone (1000 x 300 m) including 4 linear stockworks (100 - 960 x 1.5 - 4.4 m) of steep NW dipping. They are formed by short quartz-cassiterite veins of complex morphology. Composition of ores: cassiterite (crystal dimensions up to 2 mm), pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite; non-metalliferous - quartz, feldspar, chlorites, amphiboles, tourmaline, fluorite, carbonate. Three mineral types of ores are establsihed: quartz - feldspar-cassiterite-sulfide, cassiterite-sulfide and quartz-cassiterite-sulfide. Admixtures in ores are Sb, Mo, Co, Bi, Ni, Ag. Mineralization is hosted in carbonate rocks (Cm1) occurring from the sloping contact of dike-like body of greisenized leucocratic granites (MZ2). Magnesian skarn zones, replaced by greisen association with cassiterite, scheelite, sulfide, tourmaline, fluorite, are available. The deposit contains intra-ore dikes of granite-aplites and granites (J3) , as well as post-ore diorite porphyrites (J3-K1) Vasiliev and Vasilieva, 1988; Skursky, 1996; Sergeev, 1963; Radkevich, 1953; Dolomanova, 1963; Borisov, 1955, this study; V.D.Sazonov, 1979, this study. Russia N 50 11 Solonechinskoe 52o30'N 52.5 119o46'E 119.766666666667 Sb Au Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Grade of 7.2% Sb, 2-7 ppm Au . East Mongolian-Priargunskiy Occurs in the stratified bed of jasperoids (silica- and dolomite-altered carabonate breccia) about 200 m thick and to 4 km in extent in schist and carbonate sedimentary rock is Early Cambrian. The host schist and carbonate sequence is overthrust by granite porphyry of the Varissky Intrusive Complex. Dikes of Mesozoic quartz porphyry and lamprophyre occur. Deposit issteeply-dipping, lenticular and nest-shaped, is 50 to 180 m long, from 1.65 to 6.9 m thick. Deposit occurs in jasperoid on the contact with granite and on the contacts of carbonate rock with schist. In the latter there is formed specific "dolomite sypuchka". Stibnite is the main deposit mineral along with cinnabar, fluorite and gold; minor minerals are pyrite and arsenopyrite; rare minerals are cassiterite, kermesite and servantite. Quartz is the main vein mineral. Antimonite occurs as disseminations and nests of massive and veinlets and disseminations. No distinct boundaries are observed in deposits. Deposit formed in the Late Jurassic and occurs along the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture. Vasiliev, 1995. Russia N 50 12 Kariiyskoye 52o48'N 52.8 118o31'E 118.516666666667 Au Ag, Bi, W Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Average grade of 13.5 ppm Au. Ranging from traces to 140 ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Deposit occurs in NW segment of a dome formed in the Late Jurassic. Host rock is gabbro and diorite, diorite, granodiorite, and quartz diorite of Paleozoic age. Close to the deposit is the great Kara-Chachinsky granite massif (Middle and late Jurassic) of the Amudzhikan-Sretensky Complex that was a rigid internal block forthe dome. Deposit is controlled by two systems of fractures: sublatitudinal (260-280 with N dip) and NW (305-320, with NE dip). Bodies consist of subparallel veins and vein zones with thickness from 0.05 to 60 m. Thick vein zones often branch into a series of thin veins and veinlets in stockworks. Deposit contains four bodies including Dmitrievsky-quartz-pyrite-tourmaline body, Novinka-quartz-aktinolite-magnetite, sulfide-quartz-arsenopyrite body, and Amurian dike-actinolite-pyrite-quartz body. Associate perhipheral alterations are K-feldspar, albite, silica, chlorite, and hydromica alterations. The grade of Au ranges from traces to 140 ppm. Coarse gold (from 0.1 to 5.00 mm) occurs in the Novinka and Amurian dikes. Gold is high finess. Zhurba and others, 1968; Onischuk and others, 1968; Kolosova and others, 1970; A.M.Spiridonov and others, 1995. Russia N 50 13 Yekaterininskoye 52 38 N 52.6333333333333 118 41 E 118.683333333333 Pb As, Ag Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Low-grade As, Pb, Zn ores with minor 1.0-1.5% Zn. East Mongolian-Priarguskiy Consists of a series of vein-and nests in sheared dolomite limestone. The combination of some clusters produces a dense network in a thick but short zone. The nests occur at depth 30-40 m, locally 80 m, with the thickness 0.5-4,0 m. The stockwork dips nearly vertically. Deposit is oxidized to depth 200 m. The oxidized part of the deposit contains quartz and limonite, minor amounts of kaolinite, negligible cerussite, mimetesite, as well as smithsonite, calamine, galena. Extremely rare are primary minerals composed of quartz and pyrite with low-grade dissemination of arsenopyrite, galena and sphalerite. The upper parts of bodies include "Fe hat" of porous ferruginous rock, at deeper horizons bodies are composed of the mixture of ferruginous rock of various types: compact, porous quartz with interbeds and accumulations of ocherous, white and brown clays. The ochers consist of limonite and kaolinite, white clays of kaolinite, thin chocolate or brown clays consist of kaolinite saturated with limonite or nontronite. Besides, the bodies include limestons, involved in the ferruginate mass. The contacts with enclosing limestone are sharp and they are complicated by a series of streaks deviating from bodies. In addition to limestone, the host rock include carbonaceous-clay shale. Smirnov, 1961. Russia N 50 14 Zhirekenskoye 52 50 N 52.8333333333333 117 22 E 117.366666666667 Mo Cu, W Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Grade of 0.08% Mo, 0.03-0.15%Cu. Annual production of 2.4 million tonnes ore. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of isometric stockwork (with surface dimensions of 1200 by 100 m) with a central pipe (120 by 60 m) of explosive breccia that extends to a depth of 600 m. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations, veinlets and breccia and occur in a quartz-K-feldsparr-molybdenite assemblage with varying amounts of chalcopyrite, rare molybdenite, scheelite, magnetite, arsenopyrite, fluorite and tourmaline. Also occurring are younger, thin veinlets of quartz, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, gray ore, bornite and chalcocite with molybdenite, pyrite and charlcopyrite comprising about 90-95% and occurring in equal amounts. Deposit also contains up to 5-20 ppm Te, 20-900 ppm Se, 10-80 ppm Re and 380 ppb PGE. The upper part of the deposit contains up to 0.008-0.4% WO3. Deposit occurs adjacent to a zone of intersecting shears and late Mesozoic granite porphyry dikes that occur along the margin of a Middle and Late Jurassic granite porphyry stock with a surface area of 8 sq.km. The host rock is intensely altered to K-feldspar, argillite and sericite. Kalutskiy, 1966; A.V. Ivanov and others, written commun., 1966; Melnikova and Sudarikov, 1970; Pokalov, 1978; Sotnikov and others, 1995; Russia N 50 15 Usuglinskoye 52 41 N 52.6833333333333 115 08 E 115.133333333333 Fluorite Fluorspar vein Medium Average grade of 64% CaF2. Explored to 350 m. Margin of deposit contains resources of 2.9 million tonnes CaF2. Nerchinsko-Dzheltulakskiy Hosted in seven fault zones that strike NW and occur in an area from 1-3 km wide. The zones contain extensive, steeply-dipping veins that extend from 800-3000 m, range from 0.3-1.8 m thick and extend to a depth of100-400 m. Deposits occur in pillars that range form 8-45 m thick. The deposit minerals are fluorite and quartz (90%), minor kaolinite and rare dikkite, narkite, hydromicas, barite, calcite, pyrite, apatite, rutile, sphene, calcite and sericite. Deposits occur in masses, layers, breccia and veinlets. The vein texture is symmetrically banded with a variable color for fluorite. The main mineral assemblage is quartz-fluorite. Sulfur grade is about about 0.12% with 0.01-0.16% P205. Deposit is hosted in Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic granite and granodiorite along the northern edge of a late Mesozoic basin filled with Middle Jurassic through Early Cretaceous clastic, volcanic and sedimentary rock. Donenko, 1959; Soloviev and Struve, 1959; Yakzhin, 1962; Kotov, 1995. Russia N 50 16 Darasunskoye 52o22'N 52.3666666666667 115o33'E 115.55 Au Ag, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Te, Sb, Bi, In, Cd, Se, Tl, Ga Granitoid-related Au vein Large Grades up to a few to 300 ppm Au, with average grade 6.5 ppm Au. Nerchinskiy Consists of over 120 steeply-dipping quartz-sulfide veins that extend along strike for 1.0-1.2 km. The zone of veins ranges from 100 to 1000 m thick and individual veins range from 5-20 cm thick. A zone of wall rock marginal to the veins is about 0.6-1.5 m thick and contains disseminated sulfides. The ore minerals comprise the complex Darasun sulfide-sulfosalt type with up to 40-60% sulfides. The main ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, Pb, Cu, Ag, Bi, As, Sb sulfosalts, tellurides, native gold, quartz, carbonates, and tourmaline. The principal economic gold-bearing mineral assemblages are: chalcopyrite-gray ore, chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite, pyrite-arsenopyrite, and sphalerite-galena. Gold occurs in arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and gray ore, and is finely dispersed. The deposit ocurs along the Mongol-Okhotsk suture high Middle and late Cretacous K granodiorite-porphyry that intrudes a volcanic dome. The porphyry is accompanied by dikes of diorite and granodiorite porphyry, and explosive breccia. The deposit occurs both in the intrusion and in the enclosing early Paleoaoic gabbro, middle Paleozoic granodiorite, and in late Paleozoic and Triassic granite. Host rocks are altered to propylite. Zvyagin and Sizikov, 1971. Russia N 50 17 Teremkinskoye 52o23'N 52.3833333333333 115o28'E 115.466666666667 Au Ag,Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, Bi, In, Cd, Ga Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of few ppm to several hundred ppm Au. Nerchinsko-Dzheltulakskiy Bodies consist mainly of sloping and steeply-dipping quartz-sulfide veins and zones under screens of sloping dikes of plagioporphyry, felsite and felsite-porphyry (Middle and Late Jurassic) creating staged structure of the deposit. Sloping veins strike for 1000 m, on average 520 m, up to 1 m thick. The width of shoots ranges from 20 to 125 m along strike, on average 50 m, about 200 m long over dipping. The thickness of veins with steeply-dipping to 12 cm, in swells no more than 20 m. Where the veins are combined with the veins of pre-deposit quartz, thickness increases to 2.0-2.4 m. Thickness of deposits varies from 1.1 to 3.02 m. Thickness of veinlet zones ranges from 2.2 to 5.4 m. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, sulfosalts Pb and Ag, molybdenite, quartz, carbonates, tourmaline. Visible gold is common. Deposition was preceded by areal propylitic alteration of enclosing gabbro and granite. Bodies are accompanied by syn-deposit listvenite-beresite. Deposit is confined to the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture and is controlled by tectono-magmatic structure. Gulina, 1985; Kulikova, Zorina, 1989; Zorina and others, 1991; Seminsky and others, 1994; Yurgeson and Yurgeson, 1995. Russia N 50 18 Talatuiskoye 52o24'N 52.4 115o23'E 115.383333333333 Au Ag, Fe, Cu, W, Bi, Pd, Mo, Cd Granitoid-related Au vein Small Range of hundred fractions to some tens ppm Au. Nerchinsko-Dzheltulakskiy Consists of intricately shaped zones. Thickness of zones from 20 to 100 m.The bodies proper are echelons in lens-shaped zones. The central part of lenses is thickest and achieves 20-40 m, basically 5-10 m. The gangues consist ofquartz and tourmaline, deposit minerals are magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, pyrite (is 30-70% deposit), chalcopyrite, marcasite and low amount of scheelite, freibergite, molybdenite, local disseminations of gray ore, bismuthine, Bi sulfosalts, Co arsenides, native gold. Arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite are practically absent. Four mineral types of deposit mineral assemblages occur: quartz-tourmaline with magnetite, quartz-molybdenite, gold-polysulfide (productive) and chalcedony-carbonate. Gold is finely dispersed, concentrated in sulfides, e.g. pyrite, chalcopyrite, as well as minerals of Bi and cobalt arsenides. Gold occurs irregularly. The enclosing rock is gabbros (early Paleozoic), diorite and granite (late Paleozoic to Triassic). Granitoids exhibit intense K-feldspar alteration. Zones contain numerous dikes of Middle and Late Jurassic diorite porphyry, lamprophyre, quartz porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, granite porphyry that are associated with the deposit. The deposit occurs along the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture. G.F.Il'ina, 1994; Yurgeson and Yurgeson, 1995. Russia N 50 19 Kruchininskoye 52 12 N 52.2 114 22 E 114.366666666667 Ti Fe, P, V, Pt Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Unknown Average grade of 6% TiO2 in grey and 15% Fe in disseminated ores. Average grade of 6-15% Ti02 and 15-35% Fe in compact ore. Average grade of 1.43-3.93% P205, 0.09% V205. Kruchininskiy Occurs in the Variscian Angashansky differentiated gabbro and anorthosite massif that forms a large xenolith in younger granitoids. The massif has an irregular oval shape and extends EW. The massif consists of two complexes: sulfide-bearing gabbro and pyroxenite and anorthosite. The sulfide complex comprises the central and northern parts of the massif and has dimensions of 2.7 by 1.0 km and has a vertical thickness of 200-350 m. The gabbro and pyroxenite part of the massif consists of medium-grained gabbro with low-grade, disseminated ilmenite, magnetite and Ti-magnetite (average grade of 3.5% Ti02). Medium-grained gabbro contain numerous zones and lenses of olivine gabbro, sulfide gabbro, coarse-and gigantic-grained gabbro and sulfide-pyroxene deposits. Thickness of the largest bodies range from 10-200 m and are 1000-1500 m long. Disseminated sulfides are most widespread and include ilmenite (6-16%), titatanium-magnetite and magnetite (up to 20%), monoclinal pyroxene (20-28%), olivine (up to 8%), hornblende (1.5%), apatite (3%), iddingsite (2%) and small amounts of chlorite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Massive sulfides are composed of ilmenite (25-35%), Ti-magnetite (40-50%), apatite (30%) and minor pyrite and chalcopyrite. Vakhromeev, 1959; Demin, 1964; Lebedev, 1965; Balykin and Shabalin, 1984. Russia N 50 2 Irokinda 55 57 N 55.95 115 15 E 115.25 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.7-133.8 ppm Au. Muiskiy Consists of 36 variably-trending and gently-lying quartz veins that occur to a depth of 480 m. The average length is 150-180 m and thickness is 0.5-0.9 m. Veins contain about 0.2-0.5% sulfides that consist of pyrite (up to 78%) and galena (up to 15%), sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, hessite, argentite, and scheelite. Gangue minerals are quartz and carbonate (up to 2-4% veins). Gold has high fineness and locally occurs in nests that range to 1-5 mm thick. In veins, gold locally occurs in pillars with dimensions of 50-400 x 10-60 m. The most productive veins cut garnet-pyroxene gneiss that is altered to quartz, pyrite, sericite, and chorite in a band that varies from 3-4 to 30-40 m wide. Deposit occurs in a tectonic block with an area of 75 sq.km. that consists of Paleoproterozoic gneiss, limestone, and amphibolite. Deposit occurs in the central part of the southern Archean-Proterozoic Muya terrane where cut by the submeridional, major Kilyaro-Irokindinsky fault. Yatsenko, 1968; D.A. Tantsyrev and others, written commun., 1969; Rubanov and others, 1970; Levitskiy, 1971; Namolov, 1980; Rubanov, 1980; Dzasokhov, 1985; Dzasokhov, 1987; Shelkovnikov, written commun., 1986. Russia N 50 3 Muoklakanskoye 54o43'N 54.7166666666667 118o39'E 118.65 W Mo, Ag, Au W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Average grade of 0.8% WO3. Nerchinskiy Consists of two subparallel zones that host 30 steeply-dipping quartz-hubnerite-sulfide veins (with dimensions of 300-600 by 0.5 by 2.0 m). The first zone contains a series veinlets and about 1.0%WO3, up to 1400 ppm Ag and to 3.4 ppm Au. The second zone contains three large quartz veins and several small ones and grades 0.45% WO3. The deposit minerals are quartz, hubnerite, muscovite, native gold, molybdenite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and calcite. Host rock is altered to K-feldspar, beresite and silica. Deposit is hosted in Archean granitic gneiss, plagiogneiss, amphibolite and diopside quartzite along the exocontact of the Middle and Late Jurassic Dzhekdachinsky granite massif that intrudes the Archean Muoklakan block. Sizykh and others, 1985; Skursky, 1996. Russia N 50 4 Ukonikskoe 53o58N 53.9666666666667 119o43'00E 119.716666666667 Au Ag, Pb, Zn, S Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Range of 1-170 ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of two zones that range from 300 1.5 km long and contain quartz-carbonate-sulfide veins, lenses and streaks and disseminations. The zones varies from 0.15 to 4.5 m thick, extend 300-400 m downdip and from 40 to 220 m along strike, with an average 80-100 m. The zones occur in gneiss and schist that altered to quartz-sericite metasomatite and beresite near the bodies. The deposit minerals are sulfides and grades rangefrom 10 to 40% with an average about 30%. The main deposit mineral is quartz, carbonates, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite; and native gold. Secondary minerals are chalcopyrite, native bismuth, bismuthin and Ag. Two varieties of gold occur: finely dispersed old in pyrite and arsenopyrite of quartz-pyrite and pyrite-arsenopyrite-quartz bodies; and native (free) gold in polymetallic sulfides. Gold particles range from from 0.5 to 200 mm and the fraction of coarse gold ranges up to 5%. Formation of the deposit is linked with numerous (about 45 per 1 sq.km.) dikes of mafic, intermediate and siliceous porphyry granitoids. Fedchul and Lukin, 1995. Russia N 50 5 Orekitkanskoye 54o38N 54.6333333333333 116o42'E 116.7 Mo W, Be Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Grade of 0.15%-0.40% Mo. Karengskiy Consists of an intricate stockwork (with dimensions of 2100 by 1600 m) that forms three bodies with 0.03% Mo. The stockwork consists of a dense network of quartz-molybdenite and sparse pyrite-quartz-beryl, molybdenite and quartz-wolframite veinlets and rare quartz veins. The main deposit minerals are molybdenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and magnetite and minor galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, wolframite, beryl and native bismuth.Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, muscovite and fluorite. The stockwork occurs along the SE exocontact of the Early and Middle Jurassic Orekitkan granitoid massif that occurs along a shallowly-dipping fault that extends to a 500 m depth. The host rock is coarse-grained early Paleozoic granite that is intensely altered to greisen composed of quartz, feldspar, muscovite, wolframite, molybdenite, pyrite, ilmeno-rutile and fluorite. Molybdenite contains about 20-30 ppm of Re, Se and Te. Deposit contains low grade W, Be, F, Pb, Zn, Cu, Bi and Nb. Fillimonov, written commun., 1936; Pokalov, 1960, 1978; Zilov and Pokalov, 1962; Yablokov, 1963; Ignatovich and Scheglov, 1968; Bulnaev, 1995. Russia N 50 6 Itakinskoye 53o53'N 53.8833333333333 118o45'E 118.75 Au Ag, Sb, As Granitoid-related Au vein Large Range of traces to 60 ppm Au. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Deposit occurs in veins and stockwork that is 10-15 m thick.The body extends 150-600 m along strike, 400-450 m downdip with a thickness 0.2-0.3 to 15 m. Characteristic feature abundant antimonite. The main ore minerals, in addition to antimonite, are pyrite, arsenopyrite, gold, marcasite, sphalerite, hematite, vein quartz, carbonate, and tourmaline. Secondary ones are magnetite, pyrrhotite, ilmenite, galena, chalcopyrite, gray ore, and molybdenite. Deposit is divided into pyrite-arsenopyrite-quartz and antimonite-pyrite-arsenopyrite-quartz. Most gold is bound with sulfides and 7% with quartz. The host rock is Archean gneiss and amphibolite, Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous volcanic and sedimentary rock, and Early Cretaceous clastic rock. Intrusive rock (early Paleozoic-Early Cretaceous) occupies about 65% the deposit area. Adjacent to deposit is beresite alteration. Formation of the deposit is related to minor bodies of porphyry rock of average siliceous composition of Middle and Late Jurassic age. Deposit occurs along Mongol-Okhotsk suture. Melnikova and Krjukov, 1970; Kalashnikov and Davydov, 1995. Russia N 50 7 Davenda 53 33 N 53.55 119 19 E 119.316666666667 Mo Bi Au, Ag, As (W, Sn) Cu, Pb Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Grade of 0.19-0.47% Mo. Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of a series of 23 subparallel quartz veins of NE strike (200-1800 x 250 - 500 x 0.4-0.7m). Ore minerals:molybdenite, pyrite, rarely bismuthine, native bismuth, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sporadically galena, sphalerite, gold, silver, scheelite, tetradimite, magnetite, bornite, emplectite, grey ores, markasite. Gauge minerals: quartz, rarely tourmaline and carbonates. 6 stages of mineralization: quartz-molybdenite, quartz-molybdenite-pyrite, quartz-pyrite-tourmaline, quartz-carbonate-bismuth, quartz-calcite. The host rocks are Middle Paleozoic granodiorites, intensely sericitized, silicified, pyritised and tourmalinized in the circumore space. The deposit occurs in the supre-domal zone of open subvolcanic intrusion of granite-porphyries (J2-3). Small stocks and dyke of quartz porphyries, rhyolite-porphyries, lamprophyries, aplites and pegmatites produce the zone of N-E strike over the surface. Galaburda, 1958; Druzhinin, 1960. Russia N 50 8 Klyuchevskoye 53o32'N 53.5333333333333 119o22'E 119.366666666667 Au Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ga, Ge Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Average grade 3 ppm, Ag 2.1 ppm, Zn 0.08% Cu 0.06% Pb 0.09% Shilkinsko-Tukuringrskiy Consists of a system of zones of fracturing and crushing that are filled with numerous Middle and Late Jurassic siliceous dikes and stocks porphyry rock, hydrothermal formations with sulfides, occurring in K-feldspar- and albite-altered granite and granodiorite. Bodies consist of complex stockworks, zones of disseminated deposit minerals, explosion pipes, rare simple veins. The stockwork is confined to the zone of tourmaline rock about 2 km in extent and 1 km thick. The elements of stockwork are relatively large (300-400 m) quartz-tourmaline veins, nests and irregular eruptive breccia with quartz-tourmaline cement and host rock with tourmaline and quartz-tourmaline veinlets. Deposit consists of fractured, brecciated rock of quartz-tourmaline composition with sulfides or veinlets and disseminations of pyrite. The deposit minerals are mainly tourmaline, quartz and pyrite with lesser chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, freibergite, sulfides with Pb, Zn, Mo, Bi, Cu, Sb and gray ore. On average sulfides comprise 15-20%, rarely 80%. Gold is finely dispersed, bound with pyrite and occuring in close intergrowths with gray ore and chalcopyrite, occur extremely irregularly. The main economic reserves are concentrated in vein bodies of quartz-tourmaline composition with the highest development of late sulfides. Deposit occurs along the the Mongolo-Okhotsk suture. Borodaevskaya and others, 1957; Krivolutskaya, Gongalsky, 1995, Petrovskaya, Andreeva, 1969. Russia N 50 9 Aleksandrovskoye 53 33 N 53.55 119 15 E 119.25 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 2.4-18.6 g/t Au. Shilkinsko-Takuringrskiy Consists of gold-sulfide-quartz veins and veinlet-impregnated zones. Veins exhibit intricate morphology of shirt extent (up to 100 m over strike and tens of meters over dipping), thicknes varying from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The maximum size of mineralization from the surface 420 m, dipping 300 m. Ore is referred to low-sulfide gold-quartz-pyrite type. Sulfide grade in ore 3 %. Major mineral pyrite. Two productive associations: gold-pyrite-quartz and quartz-polymetallic. Gold in ore is both dispersed and visible fine (from 8 to 90 micron). About 98% of gold occurs in free state in ore, the rest is pyrite-associated. The hosting rocks are Early Proterozoic and Early Mesozoic granitoids burst by a series of dykes of hybrid porphyries of the Late Mesozoic age. It is involved into Amudzhikan-Kluchevsky ore-bearing zone. Formation of the deposit is related to dykes. The ore process begins with the quartz-molybdenum stage, and is finished with gold deposition. Fischer, 1968. Russia N 51 1 Kavakta 55ø53' 55.8833333333333 125ø22' 125.366666666667 P, Ti, Fe Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Reserves of apatite & Ti magnetite ores are 5 billion tonnes grading 15% Fe, 3.6%TiO2, 2.3% P2O5 , 0.06% V2O5. Kavakta Consists of apatite and Ti-magnetite hosted in the central part of a pluton with a core of dunite, peridotite, troctolite, and anorthosite, and a margin of norite, magnetite-bearing gabbro, and norite and gabbro. The ultramafic rock contains sulphides, including pyrite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotine, and minor pentlandite, and rare mackinawite, cubanite, valleriite, violarite, and bornite. The pluton intrudes biotite and amphibole-biotite gneiss with bands and lenses of amphibolite. The host rock is metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. The pluton contains two deposits. The first is an apatite and Ti magnetite body in the NE part of the pluton, and is 4.5 km long, and about 1.5 km wide. The second occurs in the W and SW parts of the pluton, is 0.5 to 10 km wide, and extends for 5.25 km. Stogniy and others, 1992. Russia N 51 2 Bamskoe (Chul'bango) 55 59 00 N 55.9833333333333 123 54 00 E 123.9 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 8.4 g/t Au and 25 g/t Ag. North Stanovoy Consists of thirty-five zones of listwenite and beresite hydrothermal alteration that occur in granite and gneiss. The altered zones contain eight Au prospects with abundant veins, pods, and small quartz and quartz-carbonate veinlets. Prospects range from 140 to 960 m long and have an average thickness of about 3 m. The deposits are related to, and occur around the periphery of an Early Cretaceous subvolcanic rhyolite and rhyodacite stock that intrudes Neoproterozoic granite and biotite-amphibolite gneiss of the Tynda terrane. A.V. Lozhnikov and others, written commun., 1989; Kurnik, 1992. Russia N 51 3 Kirovskoe 54 27 00N 54.45 124 14 00E 124.233333333333 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Mined until 1961. Production of about 10 tonnes gold. Shilkinsko-Tukutingrskiy Consists of NW-striking gold-quartz-sulfide veins hosted in an Early Cretaceous granodiorite stock. Veins commonly occur along contacts of diabase porphyry dikes that cut the granodiorite. Contacts of veins are generally sharp, although host rock is hydrothermally-altered. Veins range from 0.5 to 1.0 m thick and the surrounding altered rock ranges from 5.0 to 9.0 m thick. Altered rock consist mainly of quartz, albite, sericite and hydromica; the veins consists predominantly of 40 to 95% quartz. Main sulfides are pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite, with less abundant galena, sphalerite, bismuthite and tennantite-tetrahedrite. Gold ranges up to 0.28 mm diameter. Fineness of 844 to 977. Deposit source for the placer deposits of the Dzhalinda, Yannan and Ingagli Rivers, the largest in the Russian Far East. Gurov, 1969; G.P. Kovtonyuk, written commun., 1990. Russia N 51 4 Burindinskoe 53 41 00N 53.6833333333333 124 54 00E 124.9 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 9.5 g/t Au, 42.6 g/t Ag. Reserves of about 827,400 tonnes ore. Inferred reserves of 6,230 kg gold and 38,200 kg silver. North Stanovoy Occurs in steeply-dipping quartz and quartz-carbonate gold-bearing veins. Veins range up to 200 m length, with an average thickness of about 10 m. Hosted in an Early Cretaceous volcanic sequence overlying the Gonzhinsky terrane of the Burea-Khanka superterrane. V.A. Taranenko, written commun., 1991; G.P. Kovtonyuk, written commun., 1993. Russia N 51 5 Berezitovoe 54 19 00N 54.3166666666667 122 35 00E 122.583333333333 Zn, Pb, Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Average grade of 3.3 g/t Au, 14.3 g/t Ag, 0.93% Zn , 0.57% Pb. Contains an estimated 42.3 tonnes Au, 201.0 tonnes Ag, 131.0 thousand tonnes Zn, 80 thousand tonnes Pb. Shilkinsko-Tukutingrskiy Consists of massive Pb-Zn sulfides that occur in a lenticular, northwest-striking, steeply-dipping (75-85ø) zone that ranges up to 1000 m long and 100 to 160 m thick. The deposit hosted in Early Proterozoic gneissic granite. The sulfidesare metamorphosed and galena-sphalerite aggregates contains younger andradite and gahnite (zinc spinel). Host muscovite-quartz-potassium feldspar rock also contains metamorphic garnet. Adjacent Mesozoic igneous rocks are not metamorphosed, indicating pre-Mesozoic mineralization. The deposit occurs in narrow northeast-trending fracture zones. Gold mineralization is later than polymetallic sulfide mineralization. Thin Au-bearing zones, associated with quartz-sericite altered rock, occur beyond the polymetallic sulfide deposit in gneissic granite. A.K. Ivashchenko and A.A. Kuzin, written commun., 1982; Vakh, 1989. Russia N 51 6 Ershiyizhan, Heilongjiang Province 52 30 10N 52.5027777777778 125 40 05E 125.668055555556 Au Cu Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Small Not available. East Mongolian-Priargunskiy- Deerbuga Consists of veinlets and disseminations of gold and Cu and Mo sulphides in granite porphyry and quartz diorite. Cu minerals occurs in the inner zone of the intrusion whereas Au occurs in the outer zone. Alterations include K feldspar, silica, quartz-sericite, chlorite, and carbonate alterations. Deposit closely related to silica alteration. Deposit occurs in a volcanic-sedimentary basin of Jurassic-Crataceous age. NE and NW-trending faults control the distribution of plutonic-volcanic belt. Granite porphyry, rhyolite porphyry and dacite dikes are younger than quartz diorite. Gu Qiaogen and Ji Shaoxin, 1996. China N 52 1 Borgulican 53 40 00N 53.6666666666667 126 39 00E 126.65 Cu, Au Ag, Mo Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Medium Unexplored. Grades up to 1% Cu, up to 3.3 g/t Au, up to 0.3-16.0 g/t Ag, up to 0.6% Mo. North Bureya The deposit is located at the intersection of North-Bureya zone and Sutam-Tygda deep fault. The mineralization is hosted by Early Cretaceous dacite and andesite of taldanskaya suit and monzonite of Arbinsky intrusive massive. Well zoned alteration is described in the ore field. The inner part composed of quartz and sericite is surrounded with argillization zone and propylite alteration within the outer zone. The quartz-sericite zone has width from 50 up to 200 m. It includes stockwork quartz-sulfide mineralization. The thickness of individual veinlets is from 1 up to 5 cm. Pyrite and rare magnetite occupy central part of veinlets. Pyrite forms also monomineral veinlets and disseminated impregnations as well. Pyrite bunches up to 5-10 cm size occurs in places. Other ore minerals are presented with hematite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, covellite, malachite, azurite, native copper, gold, sphalerite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite. The size of gold impregnation is from 0.05 up to 0.2 mm. The deposit is unexplored yet completely. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1966. Russia N 52 1 Kolchedanny Utyos 55 26 00N 55.4333333333333 131 46 00E 131.766666666667 Au Volcanic-hosted Au-base-metal metasomatite Medium Grade of 1-2-120 g/t Au with average of 5-20 g/t Au, 6-64.1 g/t Ag, locally up to 1,384 g/t Pt. Not mined. Tyrkanda-Stanovoy Consists of a linear set of en echelon quartz-pyrite veins with irregular unclear contacts that strike NW. Gold-bearing quartz-sulfide veins range up to 2.5 m thick. The deposit minerals occurs in micromeritic masses and breccia. Deposit minerals are pyrite (20-90%), chalcopyrite (5-15%), magnetite, sphalerite and pyrrhotite. Native gold occurs irregularly in the shape of a small plates (up to 2 mm), but the main volume of gold is connected with pyrite. Three gold generation are subdivided: 1, small and thin gold grains (fineness 780-850) closely connected with pyrite and chalcopyrite; 2, medium-grained (to 1 mm and more) gold (fineness 830-990) in a paragenic assemblage with quartz and fine-grained gold with metal oxides. Platinum minerals up to 1,384 g/t occur (Kuper-Konin, 1926) or in native gold up to 491 g/t (Sushkin, 1991) Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia N 52 2 Malomyr 53 06 00N 53.1 131 50 00E 131.833333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 5.0-12.4 g/t Au. Resources of 30-50 tonnes gold. Kerbi-Selemdzha Consists of quartz veins and local stockworks, with an area of 12 sq.km. Most of gold reserves occur in the gently-dipping Diagonalnaya zone that extends about 3 km along strike and ranges from 30 to 150 m thick. The zone has average grade of 1 to 2 g/t Au and consists of ten, gently-dipping deposits ranging from1.0 to 28 m thick and 50 to 400 m long with an average grade of 5 to 12.4 g/t Au. Assemblages in deposit formed during five successive stages: (1) quartz breccia with abundant disseminated pyrite; (2) quartz-sulfide veinlets; (3) veinlets of chalcedony-quartz; (4) monomineral pyrite veinlets; and (5) quartz-carbonate veinlets with pyrite. The second and third stages are separated by the intrusion of dikes of Early Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry and diorite porphyry. Only pre-dike mineral assemblages contain gold. Dikes occur in districts and are controlled by the same fractures as deposits. Gold is fine-grained and ranges up to 0.02 mm. Shape of gold grains is predominatly lumpy, less commonly platy. Gold fineness ranges from 700 to 820. Typical admixtures are Fe, Ti, Cu and Hg. Deposit is hosted in early Paleozoic quartz-mica rock, shale, slate and metasandstone of the Tukuringra-Dzhagdi terrane. K.F. Klyzhko and V.P. Levshuk, written commun., 1982; S.G. Parada, written commun., 1984; B.D. Melnikov, written commun., 1993. Russia N 52 3 Zolotaya Gora 54 19 00N 54.3166666666667 126 44 00E 126.733333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of grade 52 g/t Au. Intermittently mined from 1917-1948. Production of 2.5 tonnes Au. Djeltulaksky Consists consists of quartz veins and zones of hydrothermally-altered metamorphic rock that is conformable to host rock layering. Alteration assemblages are predominantly sericite and quartz and chlorite, amphibole and quartz. The main mineral assemblages are mainly: sulfide, biotite and quartz; sulfide, sericite and quartz; and biotite, quartz, amphibole and chlorite. Less common is and assemblage of amphibole, quartz and feldspar. Four successive stages of deposition occur: (1) magnetite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and quartz; (2) gold, carbonate and sulfide; (3) zeolite; and (4) supergene. Gold occurs both in early and late quartz and in hydrothermally-altered rock. Gold generally occurs in films and fine plates in fractures and is concentrated in selvages of quartz and quartz-pyrite veins. Gold fineness is high (985). Deposit is hosted in gneissic granite, granulite, calcareous shale and quartzite of the Tynda terrane. Mel'nikov, 1984. Russia N 52 4 Kamenushinskoe 52 43 00N 52.7166666666667 129 07 00E 129.116666666667 Cu, FeS Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai type) Small Not available. Shimanovsk-Gar Consists of sulfide lenses that range from 100 to 800 m long and 2 to 12 m thick that are conformable to bedding. Eleven lenses occur to depths of up to 300 m. Pyrite is the main ore mineral along with lesser hematite, magnetite, and pyrite, and rare chalcopyrite. Deposit is locally contact-metasomatized into skarn that formed during intrusion of Paleozoic granite. Deposit is interpreted as forming during exhalation associated with felsic seafloor volcanism. Deposit occurs in Cambrian rhyolite of the Mamyn terrane. The rhyolite underlies a basalt and limestone sequence that contains the Gar deposit. P.N. Radchevsky, written commun., 1956 , V.V. Ratkin in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia N 52 5 Pioneer 53 27 00N 53.45 126 27 00E 126.45 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 2.7 g/t Au, and 5.2 g/t Ag. Reserves of 17.1 tonnes Au, 20.1 tonnes Ag. North Bureya Occurs near the margin of an Early Cretaceous granodiorite intrusion in both the intrusion and in adjacent country rock that consists of contact-metamorphosed Jurassic sandstone and siltstone. Deposit consists of veins of quartz, quartz-feldspar, quartz-tourmaline and quartz-carbonate and altered zones of quartz, K-feldspar, sericite and albite. The veins and zones vary from 1 to 50 m thick and in branch plan view with variable trends. Deposit is large, is low grade and has no visible boundaries. Extent of deposit determined by geochemical sampling. Gold and Au-sulfides occur. The Au deposit mineral assemblage consists of quartz-adularia-carbonate veins and the Au-sulfide type consists of quartz veins with pyrite, galena, stibinite and Ag-sulfosalts. N.E. Malyamin and V.E. Bochkareva, written commun., 1990; V.N. Akatkin, written commun., 1991. Russia N 52 6 Gar 52 34 00N 52.5666666666667 129 04 00E 129.066666666667 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Resources of 389.1 million tonnes. Average grade of 41.7% Fe. Not mined Shimanovsk-Gar Consists of sheeted Fe deposits that occur in metamorphosed Early Cambrian(?) felsic and mafic volcanic rock interlayered with limestone lenses in the Gar terrane. Magnetite is the dominant ore mineral. The Fe beds occur chiefly in an upper Early Cambrian(?) section composed mainly of mafic volcanic rock. The Fe minerals occurs in 220 to 250 m thick section, but mainly in an interval ranging from 156 to 184 m. Deposit extends 4 km along strike. Deposit has estimated reserves of 389.1 million tonnes, grading 41.7% Fe. Total inferred reserves in the metallogenic belt are 4 billion tonnes. Deposit is intruded by early Paleozoic gabbro, diabase and plagiogranite and is locally metamorphosed to skarn. Similar volcanic Fe deposits occur N of the Gar deposit. Deposit has not been mined and needs further exploration. Zimin, 1985; Zimin and Konoplev, 1989. Russia N 52 7 Pokrovskoe 53 08 00N 53.1333333333333 126 17 00E 126.283333333333 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Average grade of 4.4 g/t Au, 15 g/t Ag. Reserves of 15 million tonnes. North Bureya Hosted in a sequence of Early Cretaceous andesite, dacite, and tuff that overlie a Jurassic coal-bearing sequence of sandstone, siltstone and argillite. Deposits consist of gently-dipping quartz veins and zones of hydrothermal alteration. The main alterations are propylitic (albite, sericite, calcite, chlorite and pyrite), beresite (quartz, sericite and hydromica) and argillite (kaolinite, montmorillonite, hydromica, carbonate, quartz and pyrite). The largest part of the deposit is a gently-dipping zone of altered rock that occurs near the lower contact of an andesite sequence with a granodiorite porphyry sill. Hydrothermally-altered rock consists of quartz (25 to 85%), carbonate (2 to 5%), hydromica (5 to 12%), adularia (up to 5%), kaolinite (5 to 7%) and sulfides (less than 1%, mostly pyrite). Gold is fine-grained (0.0005 to 0.032 mm), is associated with quartz and is rarely or not associated with sulfides. Ag grains (0.002 to 0.016 mm) occur in Fe-hydroxide alteration. Deposit is interpreted as forming in the Early Cretaceous. Khomich and others, 1978; Mel'nikov, 1984; Khomich, 1990;V.D. Mel'nikov, written commun., 1993. Russia N 52 8 Chagoyan 52 19 00N 52.3166666666667 128 22 00E 128.366666666667 Pb, Zn, Ag Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Small Resource of 65 thousand tonnes Zn. Average grade of 1.42% Pb, 5.16% Zn, and up to 3,000 g/t Ag. Chagoyan Consists of a galena-sphalerite aggregate that occurs as cement between grains in sandstone. Veinlets are also common. The deposit is about 270 m long and one m thick, and is hosted in quartz-feldspar sandstone that underlies Cambrian(?) limestone and dolomite. Galena and sphalerite are the dominant ore minerals, with subordinate pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Post-ore dikes and stocks of Early Cretaceous diorite and granodiorite cut the deposits. The Mesozoic igneous rocks intrude the stratiform deposit locally exhibit hydrothermal silica, sericite, and tourmaline alterations. The deposit occurs on the northern bank of the Zeya River. I.G. Khel'vas, written commun., 1963; V.V. Ratkin in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia N 53 1 Etara 55 52 00N 55.8666666666667 136 05 00E 136.083333333333 Au Ag Granitoid-related Au vein Small Up to 53.6 g/t Au, up to 92 g/t Ag, Preddzhugdzhursky Consists of a set of quartz and quartz-sulfide veins, veinlets, and lenses that range from 10 m to 300 m long and 0.1 m to 2-3 m thick. Deposit bodies occur in the NS-striking shear zone that is 3 km long and 1 km wide and is hosted in Late Cretaceous monzodiorite and granosyenite of the Etara stock that intrudes Precambrian anorthosite. Numerous diorite dikes occur. Stock along a shear zone and dikes are exhibit silica, sericite, argillite alterations. Altered rock surrounds quartz and quartz-sulfide bodies. Main ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, molybdenite, wolframite, native gold (fineness 800), and bismuthine. Au:Ag = 1:2. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia N 53 10 Nelkanskoe 54 18 26N 54.3072222222222 134 59 22E 134.989444444444 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 4-30% P2O5 with average of 7-11% P2O5. Uda-Shantar Consists of a phosphorite sedimentary breccia that occurs in a steeply-dipping sequence of jasper and volcanic rock that is exposed in an erosional windows below gently-dipping Jurassic sedimentary rock. Host rock is silica-altered dolomite and limestone. Phosphorite beds range up to 1.8 km long; however, some are only several tens of m long. Thickness varies from 2 to 41 m. Deposit drilled to almost 300 m. In addition to fragments of primary phosphorite, deposit contains fragments of silica-altered carbonate rock that range from 0.5 to 2 cm wide and are cemented by phosphate and hydromica. Phosphates are radioactive. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 11 Ir-Nimiiskoe-2 54 08 08N 54.1355555555556 134 37 30E 134.625 P Sedimentary phosphate Medium Ranging from 3-12% phosphorus anhydrite averaging 7-8%. Uda-Shantar Consists of numerous and unusual phosphorite bodies that occurs in a sedimentary breccia formed in atoll fans and seamounts. Deposits occurs in an area 25 to 30 km long and 6 to 8 km wide, and are hosted in complex, steeply-dipping and folded rock that form a reef edifice. Some carbonate is silica-altered. Boundaries of deposits are gradational due to variable amount of fragments of primary phosphorite in dominant host limestone, dolomite, and siliceous carbonate, and in rare jasper, volcanic rock, and siliceous claystone fragments. Primary phosphorite seldom occur occurs mainly in thin beds and small lenses of coquina formed predominantly of inarticulate brachiopods with phosphate shells and some Cambrian trilobites. Phosphorite breccia occurs at various stratigraphic levels with no clear boundaries. Margin determined by sampling. Approximately 30 phosphorite layers occur. Layers range from several tens of m to several km long and are commonly discontinuous. Deposit generally has simple mineral composition. In addition to phosphorite, contains quartz, dolomite, calcite, rare pyrite, chert, and volcanic rock fragments. Thickness of the phosphorite ranges from 0.5 to 24 m, but varies greatly over short distances. S.G. Kostan'yuan and others, written commun., 1973. Russia N 53 12 Ir-Nimiiskoe-1 54 08 31N 54.1419444444444 134 36 14E 134.603888888889 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Small Average grade of 22.4% Mn. Uda-Shantar Consists of partly metamorphosed, steeply-dipping, lenticular and sheeted, bedded Mn bodies that occur in a diverse Early Cambrian sequence of jasper, shale, spilite, basalt, and basaltic tuff that overlay a carbonate reef complex and seamounts. Mn bodies range from several tens to several hundred m long and vary from 1.5 to 120 m thick. Bodies vary from massive to banded to thinly-banded. Mn bodies consist of oxidized braunite, hausmannite-rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite, and rhodonite-rhodochrosite. Bodies also contain quartz and minor magnetite, hematite, manganite, sulfides, piedmontite, manganophyllite, tordite, viridine, amphiboles, muscovite, and plagioclase. Mn content varies greatly, extending up to 50 to 56% Mn in oxidized bodies and 47% Mn in carbonate bodies, along with 0.01 to 0.12% P, up to 3% Fe and 9 to 70% SiO2. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 13 Kolchedannyi Utyos 55ø00' 55 132ø01 E 132.016666666667 Au Cu, Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb, Co, and Au and Pt Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Range of 1-2-120 g/t, Au, 6-20 g/t Ag, and locally up to 64.1 g/t Ag. Tyrkanda-Stanovoy Consists of a NW-trending linear system that contains close-spaced quartz-pyrite veins with irregular, indistinct contacts. The veins are hosted in pyroxene, biotite-pyroxene and hornblende-pyroxene gneiss and schist interlayered with amphibolite, marble and garnet-and graphite-bearing rock. The deposit minerals occur in disseminations, masses and local breccia and are mainly pyrite (20 to 90%) with lesser chalcopyrite (5 to 15%) and magnetite, sphalerite and pyrrhotine. Quartz (from 30 to 70%) occurs in honeycombed frameworks, veinlets and nests and locally crystal druses. Deposits are separated by silica-altered barren gneiss and pegmatoid microcline-plagioclase metasomatite. At the surface, deposits are oxidized to limonite, lazurute, malachite and jarosite. Karsakov and Romanov, 1976; L.B Sushkin, written commun., 1991; Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia N 53 14 Milkanskoe 54 03 33N 54.0591666666667 134 08 14E 134.137222222222 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Average grade of 30.9% total Fe, 29.1% soluble Fe, 2.1% Mn, 0.27% P, 0.01% S. Uda-Shantar Consists of several deposits in a district of 100 sq.km. Deposits consists of numerous lenticular and sheeted magnetite bodies that consist of conformable, steeply-dipping bodies of complex composition. Magnetite bodies occur in a layer up to 600 m thick that consists of alternating, weakly metamorphosed Cambrian jasper, schist, shale, spilite, basalt and basalt tuff that is interlayered with rare sandstone, siltstone, limestone and dolomite. Largest deposit consists of a sheeted body over 6 km long and a variable thickness of 100 to 330 m that is ntercalated with jasper and low-grade schist and shale. About 2/3 of sequence is potentially economic. Individual deposits range up to 40-50 m in thickness; maximum thickness of interlayered barren rock is 25 m. Deposit explored for 530 m downdip and exhibits constant thickness. Geophysical data indicates the deposit may extend about one km downdip. Seven smaller deposits extend 600 to 800 m along strike and contain mainly magnetite and local magnetite and hematite that is often intercalated with spherolitic siderite. Smaller deposits are finely-bedded, banded, rarely massive, have variable mineral compositions and contain relatively abundant Fe chlorite, hydromica, stilpnomelane, muscovite, sericite and apatite and rare pyrite, covellite and chalcocite. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 15 Lagapskoe 53 53 53N 53.8980555555556 134 15 47E 134.263055555556 P Sedimentary phosphate Medium Range of 4-30% anhydrous phosphorous averaging 5-7%. Uda-Shantar Consists of carbonate beds that contain phosphorite breccia with Cambrian fossils. Beds locally range up to 30 m thick, but generally range from several tens of cm to 20 m thick. Phosphorite breccia contains fragments of primary phosphorite, dolomite, limestone and rare jasper, schist and shale. carbonate is commonly completely altered to quartz. carbonate bed intercalated with jasper, shale, schist, siltstone, spilite, basalt and basalt tuff. Zagorodnykh, 1984. Russia N 53 16 Boguchanskoe 52 39 00N 52.65 137 08 00E 137.133333333333 W Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Average grade of 0.18% WO3, 0.32% Sn. Reserves of 21,000 tonnes WO3, 3,000 tonnes Sn. Pilda-Limuri Zones of skarn, quartz-feldspathic, and quartz-sericitic alteration are located within the sandstone-siltstone sequence intruded by Boguchan stock of sub alkaline granite and by numerous kersantite and spessartine dikes. The thickness of the zones of most intensive alteration is from 1 up to 30 m and extension is up to 200 m. Numerous quartz veins and veinlets form the stockwork of about 3.3 km length and about 2.0 km width surrounded by zones of alteration. The thickness of separated quartz veins is up to 70 cm. Veinlets are up to 1-3 cm thick. The number of veinlets is from 5-10 to 30-35 for 1 meter. Veins and veinlets are composed of quartz, sericite, muscovite, sheelite, wolframite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, molybdenite, sphalerite, and galenite. The contents of WO3 is from 0.1% to 0.772%, Sn - 0.1%-0.69%. The deposit is unexplored completely. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia N 53 17 Galamskoe 53 36 47N 53.6130555555556 133 55 54E 133.931666666667 Fe Mn, P2O5, S Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Grade of 42.4% Fe; 39.8% soluble Fe; range of 1.7-13.6% Mn and average grade of 6.9% Mn. Average grade of 0.9% P2O5, 0.03% S. Uda-Shantar Consists of six lenticular, steeply-dipping bodies in jasper beds that are in a contact metamorphosed zone adjacent to Late Cretaceous granite and granite porphyry. Additional undiscovered bodies may occur. Individual bodies range from 10 to 90 m thick, extend for up to 3 km, with beds of barren rock. Dominant ore mineral is magnetite that grades from massive to banded, brecciated and fine-grained forms. Also occurring are minor pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, actinolite, hornblende, cummingtonite, dannemorite, grunerite, olivine, chlorite, garnet, rhodonite, and apatite. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 18 Davakit 53 44 00N 53.7333333333333 133 12 00E 133.2 Ti, P Anorthosite-apatite Ti-P Large Resources of 65.34 million tonnes P2O5. Baladek The deposit consists of 12 vein-like mineralized bodies occurred within the intrusive massif consisted of gabbro, gabbro-norite, and pyroxenite. The ore bodies of 29-700 m width each extend for over 1000-3700 m along strike and 100-300 m dip. Ores are characterized of apatite-ilmenite-magnetite and magnetite-ilmenite composition. The main ore minerals are represented of apatite, magnetite, and ilmenite. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia N 53 19 Gerbikanskoe 53 29 14N 53.4872222222222 133 12 18E 133.205 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Grade of 42-43% Fe, 33-53% soluble Fe. Average grade of 1.8% Mn and 9.6% P. Uda-Shantar Consists of two zones separated by a sequence of sandstone and siltstone. The zones consist of approximately 30 steeply-dipping, sheeted, and lenticular bodies of magnetite and hematite. Individual bodies range from several tens of m to 5 to 7 km long, and are locally closely spaced in an en-echelon pattern. Thickness varies from 5 to 50 m and is commonly 8 to 28 m. Fe mineral layers vary from banded to thinly-banded, lenticular, and bedded, and consist of finely-dispersed hematite and magnetite, and rare pyrite and chalcopyrite. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 2 Kuma 55 45 00N 55.75 135 58 00 E 135.966666666667 Cu Zn Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Grade of 1.06% (0.1-12.9%) Cu, 0.88% (0.1-21.2%) Zn, 0.13% (0.1-8.4%) Pb, 12.37 g/t (locally up to 300.0 g/t) Ag, 0.16 g/t (locally up to 3.1 g/t) Au. Resources of 66,600 tonnes Cu, 55,500 tonnes Zn, 8,200 tonnes Pb, 78.1 tonnes Ag, 1,000 kg Au. Preddzhugdzhursky Veinlets, disseminations and pockets of chalcopyrite, chalcocite, magnetite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, galena and sphalerite occur in (1) garnet-pyroxene skarn bodies along the contact between Archean plagiogneiss and Cretaceous(?) granodiorite body; (2) zones of intensive silica alteration in Archean plagiogneiss; (3) linear zones of, andalusite-muscovite-quartz alteration. Main body occurs in the skarn zone. Skarn forms a single high-dipping zone with a combined length of 0.5 km and thickness ranging from 10 to 100 m. Deposit is unexplored. V.I. Pilipeyko, written commun., 1983. Russia N 53 20 Itmatinskoe 53 21 06N 53.3516666666667 133 24 08E 133.402222222222 Fe P2O5, S, Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Medium Grade 40-43% total Fe, 39-42% soluble Fe, 0.6% P, 0.05% S, 1.5% Mn. Uda-Shantar Deposit hosted in a steep syncline that contains up to 17 conformable, lenticular and sheeted bodies of magnetite-hydroxide Fe minerals in a zone up to 4 km long and 40 to 50 km thick. Total length of zone of bodies is 12 to 15 km and total stratigraphic thickness ranges up to 135 m. Host rock is dark gray jasper, schist, and shale, with subordinate mafic extrusive rock, sandstone, and sedimentary breccia. Ore minerals occur in masses and bands, are fine-grained, and consist of magnetite, goethite, and hydrogoethite with intergrowths of martite, manganosiderite, manganite, pyrite, and Mn hydroxides. Other minerals are quartz, colloidal silica, Fe-bearing quartzite, clay minerals, calcite, gypsum, and actinolite. Magnetite/Fe hydroxide ratio ranges from 1:2 to 1:8. Fe hydroxides formed from weathering. S.G. Kostan'yuan and others, written commun., 1973. Russia N 53 21 Kurumskoe 53 22 35N 53.3763888888889 132 52 40E 132.877777777778 Fe Mn, S, P2O5 Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Small Average grade of 42% Fe, 40% soluble Fe, 0.8% Mn, 0.4% S, 0.85% P. Uda-Shantar Consists of steeply-dipping, lenticular and sheeted bodies of contact metamorphosed magnetite that ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 km long and 15-30 m thick. Bodies occur in a band up to 4.0 km long along the contact of a Late Cretaceous granodiorite. Host rock is mainly jasper, schist and shale, with rare sandstone and siltstone. Deposit minerals occur in masses and layers. In addition to magnetite, bodies contain from1-2% ilmenite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrite, along with actinolite, tremolite, chlorite, biotite and quartz. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 22 Ingagli 53 03 39N 53.0608333333333 133 21 36E 133.36 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Not available. Kerbi -Selemdzha Consists of a quartz vein hosted in a late Paleozoic stock. Vein contains quartz, gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. Gold fineness of 720. Eirish, 1972. Russia N 53 23 Kharga 52 57 05N 52.9513888888889 133 37 37E 133.626944444444 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grades up to 40 g/t Au, up to 2.5 g/t Ag, up to 0.4% WO3. Production of 5.3 tonnes Au. Intermittently mined from 1901-1955. Kerbi-Selemdzha Consists of two types of veins: (1) thick veins that intrude early Paleozoic greenstone (spilite); and (2) short, branching veins that intrude carbonaceous schist and highly altered zones in albite-mica-quartz schist. Veins have constant dip thickness, and along strike range from 0.5 to 3 m across, and up to a few hundreds of m long. Quartz comprises up to 95 to 97% of veins. Ore minerals are gold and arsenopyrite, with minor pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and tennantite. Scheelite occurs locally. Two generations of gold occur, early gold is 636 fine; later gold is 800 to 950 fine. Deposit cut by dikes. Thirty bodies occur, including both quartz veins and zones of hydrothermally altered rock. Twenty-four bodies are mined. Moiseenko, 1965; Eirish, 1972. Russia N 53 24 Lednikovy-Sarmaka 52 34 00N 52.5666666666667 134 41 00E 134.683333333333 W Cu W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Grade of 0.37% (0.31-0.43%) WO3, 0.18% (0.14-0.21%) Cu. Resources of 41,000 tonnes WO3, 28,000 tonnes Cu. Ezop-Yam-Alin Occurs in apical portion of a Late Cretaceous granite pluton and granite porphyry dikes that intrudes sandstone and siltstone. Deposit consists of a linear stockwork that ranges up to 2 km long and about 300 m wide. The stockwork consists of quartz and fluorite-topaz-quartz veins and veinlets that vary from 1.0-30.0 cm thick, and that occur in an altered zone that contains greisen, chlorite-quartz and sericite-chlorite-quartz metasomatite. The major minerals are quartz, muscovite, wolframite, arsenopyrite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The deposit minerals comprise 5 to 40% veins. A.I. Bukhanchenko, written commun., 1988. Russia N 53 25 Tokur 53 09 06N 53.1516666666667 132 49 29E 132.824722222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Production of 27.1 tonnes Au. Mined from 1933 to 1940. Kerbi-Selemdzha Consists of Au-bearing veins. Deposit minerals comprise 3% the veins and consist of pyrite, arsenopyrite, gold, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, tennantite and scheelite. Gangue minerals are quartz, adularia, sericite, chlorite and calcite. Gold fineness ranges from 650 to 800. Sphalerite and arsenopyrite increase with depth. Carbonaceous material occurs along vein margins. Vein zones normally range from 25 to 90 m thick. Veins commonly are conformable to bedding of host rock, but are are locally discordant. Veins range up to 800 m long and vary from 0.2 to 0.7 m thick. Maximum depth of deposit is 500 m. Diorite dikes and stocks intrude the veins. Ar-Ar adularia isotopic age is 114 Ma. Veins are hosted in a structurally-deformed middle Paleozoic sequence of sandstone, shale and quartzite. Radkevich and others, 1969; Eirish, 1972; Mel'nikov and Fat'yanov, 1970; P.H. Layer, V. Ivanov, and T.K. Bundtzen, written commun., 1994. Russia N 53 26 Afanas'evskoe 52 49 41 N 52.8280555555556 133 23 32 E 133.392222222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 6.3 g/t Au. Mined from 1929-1949. Kerbi - Selemdzha Consists of quartz veins and zones of hydrothermal alteration (quartz-albite-chlorite-carbonate-sulfide). Zones are up to 1100 m long; thickness rarely exceeds 2.0 m. Largest zone consists of a series of quartz veins and veinlets that occur in brecciated quartz- and chlortite-rich rock. Zone is 0.1 to 1.8 m thick and grades 10 g/tonne Au. Deposit hosted in early Paleozoic sequence of micaceous-albite-quartz, chlorite-quartz shale, and metamorphosed polymictic sandstone. Eirish, 1972; Yu.P.Tsykunov, written commun., 1981; B.D. Melnikov, written commun., 1993. Russia N 53 27 Zazubrinskoe 53 09 00N 53.15 132 22 00E 132.366666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Resources of 9,046 thousand tonnes ore grading 11.2 g/t Au. Mined from 1927 to 1947. Kerbi-Selemdzha Consists of gently-and steeply-dipping quartz veins with gold (fineness 750), predominante arsenopyrite and lesser pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, cassiterite and molybdenite. Up to 7% As. Veins are about 2.5 m thick and up to 600 m long. Steeply-dipping veins are richest in gold. Gold is fine-grained. Deposit is interpreted as forming in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Deposit is hosted in quartz-mica schist of the Nilan subterrane (Galam terrane). O.F. Shishkanova, written commun., 1970. Russia N 53 28 Poiskovoe 53 08 00N 53.1333333333333 132 12 00E 132.2 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Average grade of 37.4 g/t Ag. Partly mined at surface. Kerbi -Selemdzha Consist of NE-trending, steeply-dipping quartz veins. Six veins occur for 400 m and range from 0.25 m to less commonly 1.5 m thick. In addition to fine-grained gold (less than 0.5 mm), veins contain galena, pyrite and arsenopyrite. Pyrite and arsenopyrite are gold-bearing, containing 98.22 and 26.0 g/t Au respectively. Host granodiorite exhibits berezitie hydrothermal alteration. Veins occur in a late Paleozoic granodiorite that intrudes metamorphosed Paleozoic shale. Deposit interpreted as forming between Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Deposit not explored at depth. N.S. Ostapenko and G.I. Neronsky, written commun., 1975. Russia N 53 29 Ezop 52 27 58N 52.4661111111111 134 10 55E 134.181944444444 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Contains up to 0.2% Sn. Ezop-Yam-Alin Consists mostly of sulfide-bearing veins, veinlets and disseminations. Disseminated zones range up to 18.7 m thick; veins vary from 0.1 to 2 m thick. Sulfides, including arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite, form up to 80% of veins. Pyrite, cassiterite, sphalerite, and rare stannite and wolframite, are subordinate. Gangue minerals are quartz and tourmaline with rare topaz. Deposit hosted in a system of EW en-echelon fracture zones in Late Cretaceous felsic extrusive rock. Deposit occurs along contact of the Late Cretaceous high-potassium Ezop Granite. Usenko and Chebotarev, 1973. Russia N 53 3 North-Shantarskoe 55 09 15N 55.1541666666667 137 35 06E 137.585 P Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of less than 6-8% P2O5. Uda-Shantar Consists of phosphorite deposits that occur in a sedimentary breccia with indistinct borders. Deposit ranges up to 15 to 16 m thick and is hosted in carbonate rock in a sequence of chert and volcanic rock that is partially altered to quartz-carbonate rock. Sequence occurs for approximately 8 to 10 km at the NE end of Bolshoi Shantar Island. Shkolnik, 1973. Russia N 53 30 Sagurskoe 52 58 46N 52.9794444444444 132 35 54E 132.598333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.3-35.2 g/t Au. Production of 2,940 kg Au from 1944 to 1956. Kerbi -Selemdzha Consists of comformable quartz veins that crosscut foliation and dip from 30ø to 60ø. Veins are 0.1 to 1.0 m thick and a few m to 240 m long. About 80 veins occur. Veins contain gold (grains up to 3 mm, fineness 857) and arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, scheelite and scorodite. Gold distributed unevenly in veins; hanging walls of veins generally richer in gold. Deposit is hosted in early Paleozoic metamorphic rock consisting of quartz-mica schist with less common actinolite and epidote-actinolite schist. Eirish, 1972; B.I. Shestakov, written commun., 1988. Russia N 53 31 Talaminskoe 52 42 00N 52.7 133 24 00E 133.4 Sb, Au Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 6.94% Sb, 0.3% As, 1.5 g/t Au, 15 g/t Ag. Mined from 1938 to 1943. Produced 511 tonnes of stibnite concentrate. Kerbi-Selemdzha Consists of quartz veins, less common quartz-calcite veins, with stibnite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite and one vein of quartz-scheelite. Eighteen veins, dipping at 45ø to 90ø, are prospected. Veins range from a few cm to 4 m thick and from 40 to 680 m long. Prospecting occurs to 42 m depth. Deposit interpreted as forming during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous regional metamorphism. Deposit is hosted in early Paleozoic mica schist of the Nilan subterrane. A.F. Amerikantsev, written commun., 1953. Russia N 53 32 Olgakanskoe 52 20 41N 52.3447222222222 134 04 17E 134.071388888889 Sn W, Mo, Bi Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Ezop-Yam-Alin Consists of three varieties of greisen: (1) pods and veins in granite; (2) flattened bodies in the apices of domal granite cusps and partly in Late Cretaceous felsic extrusive rock; and (3) zones with late-stage, cassiterite-quartz and cassiterite-sulfide veinlets at the granite contacts. Quartz-mica greisen bodies are small, several m thick and occur in zones up to 80 m along strike. In addition to quartz and mica, greisen contains wolframite, cassiterite, arsenopyrite; and minor molybdenite, bismuthinite and native bismuth. Sulfide veinlets contain arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Deposit associated with Late Cretaceous Ezop Granite. Usenko and Chebotarev, 1973. Russia N 53 4 Feklistov 54 55 00N 54.9166666666667 136 43 00E 136.716666666667 PGE Cr, Ni, Co Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Small Average grade of 0.018 g/t PGE; 10.0 g/t Zr; 1,386 g/t Cr; 260.0 g/t Ni; 53.0 g/t Co. Kondyor-Feklistov Natural alloys of PGE and Ni-Cr-Co occur in central dunite part (1.9x3.0 km) of a zoned ultramafic complex surrounded by peridotite, pyroxenite, and gabbro in circular zones. The zoned ultramafic complex of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous age intrudes accretionary complex of Tugur subterrane. Pt placer deposit occurs nearby. Resource of placer Pt is 240 kg. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia N 53 5 Mayskoye 1 54 55 00N 54.9166666666667 136 43 00E 136.716666666667 Zn,Pb Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Average grade of 22% (1.0-61.0%) Zn, 7.5% (1.0-34.0%) Pb, 11-46 g/t Ag. Preddzhugdzhurskiy Deposit is hosted in Riphean dolomite and schist. Based on limited outcrop data the deposit is interpreted as conformable with the host rock that dip at 60-70o to the SE. The Riphean sequence forms a block (approximately 45-60 by 20 km), that is fault bounded to the N against Archean gneissic basement and intruded by Jurassic(?) granodiorite to the S. The Riphean sedimentary rock hosting deposit are weakly to moderately contact metamorphosed and dolomitised. The entire sequence has been intruded by dikes of rhyolite, diorite and quartz diorite composition. A series of stacked lenses has occurs over a strike length more than 2 km. The more intensive deposition occurs over a strike length of 1 km and has a maximum massive sulfide width of 3.5 m. The massive sulfide sampled is dominated by very low Fe sphalerite with a grain size averaging about 1 mm in the high grade zones and ranging from 0.1 mm to 3.0 mm in other zones. Galena also occurs as coarse-grained clots up to 3 mm by 6 mm. Trace fine-grained pyrite, chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite are also occur. Secondaries after sulfides comprise smithsonite, cerussite and limonite. Field relationships show several generations of sulfide crystallization or recrystallization: (1) The crystalline, low Fe, honey colored sphalerite associated with the stratiform massive sulfides is interpreted as the first generation of sulfide; (2) Sulfide (sphalerite and galena) intimately intermixed with carbonate. Petrology suggests that both the carbonate and sulfide recrystallized at the same time. The sphalerite appears to be slightly more Fe-rich; (3) Sphalerite remobilized along dominantly subvertical fractures having an average width about 1 cm. The sphalerite is dark, Fe-rich and has well developed slickensides on exposed surfaces; (4) Disseminated sulfides occur and are dominated by sphalerite (both Fe-rich and Fe-poor varieties occur). Based on the above observation it is believed that the dominant control on the deposit mineral distribution is primarily stratiform overprinted by structural remobilization. Deposit is not well explored. S.Rodionov, D. Andrews, written commun., 1993. Russia N 53 6 Gayumskoe 55 42 58N 55.7161111111111 134 14 51E 134.2475 Ti, P Anorthosite-apatite Ti-P Large Grade of 8.7% P205, locally up to 31.6% P205. Estimated resources of 40 million tonnes P2O5. Baladek Consists of a group of closely-spaced, veins and stocks (nelsonite) of apatite, ilmenite, and titanomagnetite in anorthosite that occurs in lenticular and irregular bodies of olivine gabbro, gabbro, pyroxenite, and dunite. Apatite is a hydroxyl-F-bearing and contains up to 2.75% H2O. Titanomagnetite contains from 3.8 to 21% TiO2. Ilmenite is fairly oxidized and contains up to 2.5% Fe2O3. U-Pb isotopic age for igneous host rock is 1,700 Ma. Deposit occurs in the upper reaches of the Gayum River. Lennikov, 1968, 1979; Panskikh and Gavrilov, 1984; Neimark and others, 1992. Russia N 53 7 Maimakanskoe 55 37 11N 55.6197222222222 134 29 42E 134.495 Ti, P Anorthosite-apatite Ti-P Large Resources of 63 million tonnes P2O5 extending to 400 m depth. Baladek Consists of sparsely to densely disseminated, sheeted and lenticular, apatite-ilmenite-Ti magnetite deposits in olivine gabbro, gabbro and norite, gabbro and pyroxenite and pyroxenite. Deposit minerals are massive apatite, apatite-ilmenite, ilmenite and apatite-ilmenite-Ti magnetite in steeply-dipping (50 to 60ø) in nelsonite veins that are hosted in coarse-grained anorthosite. The main deposit minerals are apatite, ilmenite and Ti magnetite and comprise up to 80% the deposit. Apatite contains F. Ti magnetite averages 13.6% TiO2 and 0.37% V2O5. Ilmenite contains 6 to 7% Fe2O3. Apatite content ranges up to 50 to 60% in masses, but averages 15 to 20%. U-Pb isotopic age for igneous host rock is 1,700 Ma. Deposit occurs in the upper reaches of the Maimakan River near Kendeke Spring and occurs over an area of approximately 30 sq.km. Lennikov, 1968, 1979; Panskikh and Gavrilov, 1984; Neimark and others, 1992. Russia N 53 8 Dzhaninskoe 55 30 43N 55.5119444444444 134 08 56E 134.148888888889 Ti, P Anorthosite-apatite Ti-P Large Grading up to 4% P205. Resources of 78 million tonnes P2O5 to a depth of 400 m. Baladek Consists of sparsely disseminated apatite, ilmenite, and Ti-magnetite in melanocratic olivine gabbro and pyroxenite in stocks in anorthosite. Apatite contains up to 1.14% F. Ti magnetite contains up to 10.7% TiO2 and 0.28% V205. Ilmenite contains 7.8% Fe2O3. U-Pb isotopic age for igneous host rock is 1,700 Ma. Deposit occurs on the right bank of the Dzhana River near the mouth of the Kurung River. Lennikov, 1968, 1979; Panskikh and Gavrilov, 1984; Neimark and others, 1992. Russia N 53 9 Bogidenskoe 55 37 58 N 55.6327777777778 133 41 39 E 133.694166666667 Ti, P Anorthosite apatite Ti-P Large Grade of 3-15% apatite averaging 5.7% P2O5. Contains an estimated 34.3 million tonnes P2O5. Extends to depth of 400 m. Baladek Consists of densely disseminated, massive lenticular, and sheeted bodies that occur in strongly stratified, rhythmic layers in olivine gabbro, syenite, syenite, anorthosite, norite, and pyroxenite. The sheeted deposits extend over 10 km along strike. Ore minerals are alternating massive, spotted, and disseminated apatite-ilmenite, Ti-magnetite, and ilmenite. Apatite contains up to 2.4% F. Ti magnetite contains up to 21% TiO2 and from 0.3 to 1.1 % V2O5. Ilmenite contains up to 3.1% Fe2O3. U-Pb isotopic age for igneous host rocks is 1,700 Ma. Deposit occurs in the upper basins of the Bogide and Soroga Rivers. Lennikov, 1968, 1979; Panskikh and Gavrilov, 1984; Neimark and others, 1992. Russia N 54 1 Mnogovershinnoe 53 53 22N 53.8894444444444 139 48 24E 139.806666666667 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Not available. Lower Amur Consists of hydrothermally-altered, adularia-sericite-quartz vein zones that range up to 800 m long and contain a series of adularia-quartz veins and veinlets. Some deposits consist of rhodonite-carbonate veins and lenses of skarn and sulfides. The deposit minerals are pyrite, marcasite, gold, argentite, Au-and Ag-tellurides, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and freibergite. The deposit minerals comprise up to 1% veins and the Au:Ag ratio is 1:1. Deposit is hosted in Paleocene andesite and dacite that are genetically related to a multiphase intrusion of highly alkaline granitoids. K-Ar isotopic studies yield deposit age of 49 to 69 Ma. During formation of local Au-bearing skarn, that presumably formed during intrusion of Paleogene subalkaline granite, Au was remobilized. Associated placer Au deposits occur. Zalishchak and others, 1978; Ivanov and others, 1989. Russia N 54 2 Iskinskoe (Askum) 53 24 00N 53.4 140 26 00E 140.433333333333 Al Epithermal quartz-alunite Large Average of grade of 26.1% alunite. Reserves of 336,581,000 tonnes alunite ore. Lower Amur Hosted in intensively-altered Tertiary dacite and rhyolite. Deposit consists of a metasomatic body of quartz-alunite surrounded by a concentric zone of quartz-sericite alteration and an outer zone of propylitic alteration. Deposit is 2.3 km long, 1.2 km wide, and down to 360 m depth. The ore minerals are 29.4-32.0% alunite; 60.0-66.0% quartz; 2.0% halloysite; 1.5-5.0% Fe oxides; 1.5-1.6% kaolinite; and up to 2.0% beudantite. Rare minerals are pyrite, diaspore, andalusite, dickite, montmorillonite, and kaolinite. Pure alunite occurs in discrete masses ranging up to 8 to 10 cm in diameter. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia N 54 3 Bichinskoe 52 32 11 N 52.5363888888889 139 32 24 E 139.54 W, Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Avearge grade of up to 0.2% Sn, 0.155% W, and 0.01% Mo. Lower Amur Consists of a stockwork of veinlets, small veins, and greisen in granite, porphyry dikes, and hornfels over an area of 0.2 km2. Ore minerals are cassiterite and wolframite, with rare molybdenite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and magnetite. Cassiterite, wolframite, molybdenite, and arsenopyrite form an early assemblage; other minerals form a later assemblage. Deposit occurs along contact of the Paleogene Chayatinsky granitic stock with K-Ar isotopic age of 55 Ma. The hornfels is cut by granite porphyry, aplite, and spessartite dikes. Complex composed of granite porphyry and fine-grained granite. Age of mineralization interpreted as Paleogene. Usenko and Chebotarev, 1973. Russia O 44 1 Kolpashevskoye 58 00 00N 58 82 19E 82.3166666666667 Fe V Sedimentary Fe-V Large Resources of 27,000,000,000 tonnes grading 20.33% Fe. Bakcharsk Consists of hydrogoethite-leptochlorite layers hosted in weakly cemented marine shallow-water deposits. Deposit consists of submeridional belt of 26 km wide and 50 km long. Major deposit occurs in Maastrichtian Kolpashevsk Fe horizon that consists presumabey of carbonaceous clays. Horizon is 2-23 m thick (12 m in average) and occurs 150-200 m deep beneth the surface. Types of ore are loose hydrohematite compact, hydrogoethite with siderite-leptochlorite cement, hedrogoethite-glauconite-leptochlorite with siderite-clay, chloritic and somtimes phosphatic cement. Average grade of Fe in Kolpashevsk ore horizon amouts to 35,9%. Fe-deposits in Santonian-Campanian Narymsk horizon and consists of glauconite sandstone containing oolite of leptochlorite-hydrogoethite and glauconite composittion. Average grade of Fe in horizon is 20.33% Shachov, 1964; Rosljakov and Sviridov, 1998. Russia O 44 2 Parabel-Chuzikskoye 57 23 OON 57.3833333333333 80 34E 80.5666666666667 Fe V Sedimentary siderite Fe Large Average grade of 33.6% Fe. Resources of 77,000,000,000 tonnes. Bakcharsk Consists of hydrogoethite-leptochlorite oolitic deposits hosted in weakly cemented marine shallow-water sedimentary rock. Deposit occupies band of 25-45 km wide. Deposits connected with Narymsk Fe horizon (Santonian-Campanian). They occur at depth 270-390 m beneth the surface. Deposit mineral layer is 2-15 m thick. Average grade of admixtures are: TiO2-0.39%, V2O5-0.24%, P2O5-1,34%, S-0.07%. Zn, Pb, Cu occur in ammounts from traces to 0.05% Shachov, 1964; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia O 44 3 Bakcharskoye 56 32 30N 56.5416666666667 82 12 30E 82.2083333333333 Fe V Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Reserves of 28,000,000,000 tonnes with average grade of 37.4% Fe. Bakcharsk Consists of brown ironstone beds hosted in loosely or weakly cemented marine shallow-water Late Cretaceous and Paleogene sedimentary rock that overlies the Siberian Platform. The deposit covers an area of 1,200 km2 and occurs in three stratigraphic levels. (1) The Eocene Bakcharsk horizon consists of by dense hydrogoethite with siderite cement with an average thickness of 12.8 m. (2) The Maastrichtian Kolpashevsk horizon consists of brown ironstone and oolitic ferruginous sandstone. The average thickness is 3.1 m. (3) The Santonian-Campanian Narimsk horizon consists of hydrogoethite-leptochlorite oolite and averages 2.3 m thick. The major Fe reserves are in the Bakcharsk horizon. Grades range from 30.32 to 53.48% Fe, up to 0.33% V2O5, and 0.055% S. Shachov, 1964; Sviridov, 1988; Rosljakov and Orlov, 1998. Russia O 44 4 Parbigskoye 56 29 00N 56.4833333333333 80 32E 80.5333333333333 Fe V Sedimentary siderite Fe Medium Average grade of 30% Fe. Bakcharsk Consists of goethite-hydrogoethite-leptochlorite layers hosted in weakly-cemented marine shallow-water, Santonian-Campanian sedimentary rock (Narimsk Fe horizon). Deposit horizon occurs at depth 150-185 m beneath the surface and varies from 3 to 32 m thick. Deposit layer contains more than 30% Fe and ranges up to 7.5 m thick. Deposit mineral structure is oolitic. Average grade of admixtures in deposit minerals is 0.26% V2O5; 1,63% P2O5; 0.03% S. Kalugin and others, 1981; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia O 45 1 Iverskoye 56 05 30N 56.0916666666667 86 33 30 E 86.5583333333333 Fe Sedimentary siderite Fe Large Resources of tens of million tonnes. Unassigned Consists of lenses of siderite hosted in limestone and shale of Early Cretaceous age. Thickness of siderite lenses is 0.5-32 m and cover an area of 4.5 sq.km. Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia O 45 2 Semiluzhinskoye 56 22 00N 56.3666666666667 85 14 30 E 85.2416666666667 Sb, Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Small Grade of 1-21.4% Sb, 2 g/t Au. Unassigned Consists of mineralized brecciated zone with quartz-stibnite gold-bearing veins and veinlets and disseminations. Deposit consists of Early Carboniferous carboniferous clastic rock that is cut by diabase dikes. In a sublatitudinal breccia zone the body is 15-20 m thick and 200 m long. Deposit extends to 180 m depth. The deposit minerals occurs in veins, brecciated zones, streaks and disseminations. The main deposit minerals stibnite, pyrite; the secondary and rare minerals-arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, fahlore, cinnabar, galena, sphalerite and native gold. Gangue minerals quartz (prevail), calcite, ankerite, sericite, dickite. Wallrock alterations are: silica alteration, carbonate alteration, sericite alteration and argillite alteration. Ivanova and Iljenok, 1970; Bazhenov and Dobner, 1995; Roslyakov and Sviridov, 1998. Russia O 46 1 Ust-Talskoye 59 52 00N 59.8666666666667 93 20 30 E 93.3416666666667 Li, Sn REE-Li pegmatite Small Average grade of 0.01% Sn. Tatarsko-Tyradinskoye Consists of cassiterite-bearing pegmatite veins. Eleven pegmatite bodiesare associated with granite and aplite dike in Paleoproterozoic amphibole schist and limestone of age. Pegmatite veins occur a the fracture zone between two Neoproterozoic granitoid plutons. Veins are concordant with host rock. Pegmatite is albite-altered. Cassiterite, beryl, Ta-Ni minerals and lepidolite occur in quartz-mica and albitic aggregates of the pegmatite. Deposit minerals contain little Sn. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 10 Mutovskoye 58 36 00N 58.6 95 42 00 E 95.7 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of Hg minerals that occur in a zone of steeply-dipping overthrust upon that the silt-shale series is overthrust Cambrian limestone and dolomite. Finely-disseminated cinnabar occurs in the latters. The size of the deposit is unknown. Smirnov and others, 1976; Obolenskiy, 1985. Russia O 46 11 Polkan Gora 59 13 00N 59.2166666666667 93 33 00E 93.55 Fe Fe skarn Large Average grade of 60% Fe. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of magnetite deposits in metasomatically altered Proterozoic calcareous hornfels along the contacts of the Neoproterozoic Chirimbinsk granitoid massif. Magnetite is associated with amphibole-epidote metasomatite and rarely occurs in hornfels along the contacts with granite-gneiss. There are 10 bodies of 200 to 800 m length along strike and 20-70 m thick. The deposit minerals occur in masses, bands and disseminations are magnetite, amphibole, epidote and pyroxene. The deposit minerals are poor in P and S. V content ranges up to 0.5%. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia O 46 12 Lendakhskoye 59 08 00N 59.1333333333333 93 33E 93.55 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 180,000,000 tonnes grading 39-63%Fe. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of layered and lenticular bodies of magnetite hosted in middle Riphean sedimentary and metamorphic rock along contact of Chirimbirsk granite massive. Host rock alterations are hornfels, carbonate and sericite alterations. Epidote-amphibole-garnet metasomatite is widely developed. Five bodies of 20-82 m thick and more than 200 m long occur. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations, masses and layers, and are manly magnetite, silicate-magnetite and hydrosilicate-magnetite. One body of hematite occurs. Percentage of S is 0.02%, P2O5-up to 0.5%. Deposit is of polygenetic origin. Primary siliceous-carbonate-ferriferous sedimentary rock is regionally metamorphosed and contact metasomatized. Komov, 1969; Kalugin and others, 1981; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 13 Enashiminskoye 2 59 29 00N 59.4833333333333 92 28E 92.4666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 450,000,000 tonnes grading 36-51% Fe. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of layers and lenses deposits of magnetite in metamorphosed middle Riphean volcanic, carbonate, and clastic rock. Host rock and deposit are intruded by Chirimbinsk granitoid pluton. The contact zone is contact metamorphosed, carbonate-altered and silica-altered and contains epidote-amphibole-garnet skarn. The district containing the deposit extends up to 4.7 km along strike and contains more than 20 deposits that vary from 5 to 70 m thick, range up to 700 m long and range up to 650 m deep. Deposit minerals are magnetite, epidote, and amphibole. Deposit contains anomalous Ti, V, Cr and Mn, and anomously low S and P. Deposit is polygenetic with initial formation of primary siliceous-carbonate and ferruginous sedimentary rock and was subsequentely regionally metamorphosed and contact-metasomatized. Komov, 1969; Kalugin and others, 1981; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 14 Ilinskoye 58 53 15 N 58.8875 94 05E 94.0833333333333 W Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.1-0.3% WO3. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of lenses of scheelite skarn that occurs along the endocontact zone of Tatarskiy granite massif. Deposit occurs in roof pendants of Proterozoic marble, transformed into pyroxene-garnet skarn. Eleven skarn bodies occur in a sublatitudal zone that is 600 m long and 250 m thickr. Separate bodies range up to 100 m long and 0.1 to 5-15 m thick. The principal skarns minerals are garnet, pyroxene, plagioclase, scapolite, and amphibole. Associated minerals are fluorite, epidote, calcite, sphene, scheelite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite. Minor Bi and Sn occur. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 15 Nikolaevskoye 58 47 00N 58.7833333333333 94 10E 94.1666666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 6-8 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of gold-bearing stockwork deposits that formed as a results of intrusion of quartz-carbonate tabular bodies by quartz veins and veinlets. Host rock is biotite and biotite-chlorite metamorphic schist, phillite and black-shale with Proterozoic quartzite bands. Neoproterozoic granitoids of Tatarsk massif also occur in the district. Metasomatite extends along strike 1.7 km and up to 11 m thick. Quartz veins and veinlets are 150-200 m long and 0.2-6,5 m thick. Deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, lesser chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena. Gold occurs in quartz and sulfides (mainly in pyrrhotite). Gold concentrations connected with cutting veins and veinlets. Serdyuk, 1997; Li, 1979. Russia O 46 16 Vasilievskoye 58 41 00N 58.6833333333333 94 21E 94.35 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 8 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of series of parallel quartz veins. Wallrock consists of strongly sheestose siltstone and sandstone. About 150 quartz veins occur. The more productive Vasilievskoya vein extend along strike 740 m. Thickness of deposit including mineralizied wall-rock arrieves from 10 to 15 m. The wallrocks exhibit silica alteration, sericite alteration, pyrite alteration, chlorite alteration and ankerite alteration. The deposit minerals are sulfide-poor. The deposit minerals are pyrite, lesser arsenopyrite, fahlore, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, bornite. The native gold is relatively coarse (from 0.1 to 3 mm and more). The nests of gold up to 1,5x2,5 cm occur. Gold occurs in small nests, bunchs and shoots. Li, 1997; Serdyuk, 1997. Russia O 46 17 Sokhatinoye 58 47 00N 58.7833333333333 94 01 00E 94.0166666666667 Al Bauxite (karst type) Small Average grade of 38% Al2O3 . Verkhoturovsk Consists of karst-type bauxite deposits in a Proterozoic limestone sequence. Karst cavities are 2500-28000 m2 in area and up to 150 m depth. Eight lenses occur. Productive horizons consist ofPaleogenic variegated in color clays, bauxitic clays and bauxite. Fe-rich bauxite of brecciated structure are widespread. Gibbsite is the main deposit mineral. The Fe-minerals hematite, magnetite, maghemite, hydrogoethite and goethite present in significant amounts. Rutile and ilmenite also occur. Peltek, 1967; Smirnov, 1978. Russia O 46 18 Gerfedskoye 58 42 00N 58.7 94 14E 94.2333333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 6-8 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of gold-bearing stockwork that formed on crossing of tabular bodies of carbonate-quartz metasomatite by quartz veins. Metasomatite formed during replacement of schist and volcanic rock of Proterozoic age. Wall-rock alteration consists of carbonate, chlorite, albite, and silica alterations. Metasomatic rock is concordant with host rock and extends from 150 m to 2 km along strike and up to 20 m thick. At the hanging wall, metasomatite is cut by steeply-dipping quartz veins and veinlets that are 25-200 m long and 0.2-10.5 m thick. Ore minerals occurs both in metasomatite and in veins and veinlets. Ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, and magnetite, and lesser chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Total ammount of sulfides comprise up to 10%. Gold is tiny flour form, submicroscopic, and rarely visible. Gold concentrated in veins and veinlets. Au content in metasomatite is not more than 1-2 g/t. Li, 1979; Serdyuk, 1997. Russia O 46 19 Mokrinskoye 58 27 00N 58.45 94 57E 94.95 Fe Sedimentary Fe-V Medium Ranges from 20-25-57% Fe. Angara-Pit Consists of bedded deposits of hematite that occur in Proterozoic sandy-shaly rock series. Deposit consists of alternating hematite and barren beds that range from some cm to tens of m thick. Horizon is several km long and up to 100-130 m thick. Deposit mineral assemblages are hematite, sandy hematite, argillaceous chlorite-hematite and rare hematite-siderite. Deposit minerals are hydrohematite, hematite, goethite; lesser siderite, magnetite, pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, leptoclorite, clay minerals and sericite. Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia O 46 2 Enashiminskoye 1 59 55 00N 59.9166666666667 92 57E 92.95 Au Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Medium Not available. Central-Yenisey Consists of gold-bearing quartz, quartz-feldspar and quartz-carbonate veins and veinlets hosted in Neoproterozoic mica and, andalusite schist and quartzite. Deposit is 750 m long and 10-90 m wide. The main ore minerals are stibnite, berthierite, native gold, and pyrite. Brovkov and others,, 1985. Russia O 46 20 Verchne-Kamenskoye 59 10 00N 59.1666666666667 92 35 00E 92.5833333333333 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of streaks and disseminations of polymetallic sulfides hosted in quartz-porphyry and plagiogranite porphyry dikes cutting Neoproterozoic shale and limestone. Tectonic zone has NE strike and contains 7 quartz-porphyry dikes that are more than 2 km long and up to 50 m thick. The dikes as well as host rock is intensely hydrothermally-altered sericiteed, silica, tourmaline and chlorite. Limestone is altered to silica, dolomite, ankerite, phlogopite. The total area of altered rock is about 1 sq.km. Sulfides occur in streaks and disseminations and local stockwork. Sulfides are oxidized at the surface. Oxidized areas contain 1% Pb, 0.5% Zn, 0.1% Cu, up to 1% As, 1% Bi, 0.1% Co. Deposit is rich in Ag, W, Mo and Sn. The gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, tourmaline, chlorite, rutile. Okhapkin and others, 1976; Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 21 Verkhoturovskoye 58 19 00N 58.3166666666667 95 08 00E 95.1333333333333 Al Bauxite (karst type) Small Average grade of 44.5% Al2O3, 14.8% SiO2. Verkhoturovsk Consists of valley-shaped type of karst bauxite deposits that occur in the contact zone of Proterozoic carbonate rock and metamorphic schist. Karst depression is about 400 m long. Karst depression is filled out by Cretaceous-Paleogenic drift beds and lacustrine bauxite-bearing deposits. Bauxite consists of gibbsite and exhibits pisolitic and layered structure. Eighteen lenticular bodies are known. Bodies in the bauxite deposit are about 12 km long and 0.6-12 km wide. They occur at at depth of 50-215 m Kashtanov, 1967; Lesgaft, 1967; Smirnov, 1978. Russia O 46 22 Kirgiteiskoye 2 58 25 00 N 58.4166666666667 94 48 00 E 94.8 Talc Talc (magnesite) replacement Large Not available. Verkhoturovsk Consists of two types: (1) lode deposits of massive talc in Proterozoic dolomite, quartzite and metamorphic schist and (2) loose talc in a Cretaceous-Paleogene weathering crust. Deposit is 100 m thick extends up to 3.5 km long. The bodies of pure talc in dolomite form a steeply-dipping deposit about 550 m long and up to 20 m wide that extends 228 m at depth. Talc-dolomite, talc-chlorite and talc-quartzite rock occur as well. Loose talc in the crust of weathering form irregular deposits of 200x800 to 300x100 m in area. The most important type is powdery that formed at the expense of apodolomitic talc. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988; Eremin, 1991. Russia O 46 23 Mulinskoye 59 25 00N 59.4166666666667 91 47E 91.7833333333333 Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of pegmatite veins hosted in Neoproterozoic shale. Pegmatite veins occur along the contact zone of subalcaline leucogranite of Gluchikhinsk Complex (653-658 Ma). Pegmatite veins range up to 900 m long and to 3.7 m thick. Deposit minerals are spodumene, circon and cassiterite. Dacenko and others, 1994; Karpuzov, 1996. Russia O 46 24 Kirgiteiskoye 1 58 25 00N 58.4166666666667 94 43 00E 94.7166666666667 Al Bauxite (karst type) Small Grade of 39-62% Al2O3. Verkhoturovsk Consists of bauxite deposits of karst type. Bauxite-bearing deposit is about 30 km long. Karst cavities consist oftwo types: (1) valley-type depressions up to 150 m depth related to a fracture zone; (2) shallow (up to 50 m depth) oval-shaped karst cavities. Basement rock is Proterozoic limestone and dolomite. Productive series consists of variegated color clays, bauxitic clays, pisolitic bauxite, lenses of marshallite and loose talc. Valley-type karsts contain the narrow stratiform bauxite bodies up to 600 m long and from 10 to 120 m wide. They have a thickness from 3 to 40 m in the axial part. Oval karsts include the bodies of 150 X 130 m in area and up to 93 m thick. Bauxite is of the gibbsite type. Kashtanov, 1967; Peltek, 1967; Smirnov, 1978. Russia O 46 25 Murlinoye 58 44 00N 58.7333333333333 93 45 00E 93.75 Al Bauxite (karst type) Small Not available. Verkhoturovsk Consists of karst-type bauxite deposits hosted in Proterozoic marbles. Karst cavities filled out by Paleogenic variegated and bauxitic clays, bauxite, coaly clays and brown coals. A depth of carst cavities ranges up to 260 m. Five bodies up to 17000 m2 in area and up to 220 m thick occur. Deposit minerals consist mainly of stony bauxite. Gibbsite is a main deposit mineral. Hematite, maghemite, goethite, hydrogoethite, magnetite, ilmenite and rutile occur. Peltek, 1967; Smirnov, 1978. Russia O 46 26 Sredne-Tatarskoye 58 41 00N 58.6833333333333 93 53 00E 93.8833333333333 Al Bauxite (karst type) Small Average grade of 38% Al2O3. Verkhoturovsk Major part of the deposit occurs in karsts. The areas of bodies vary from hundreds to 40000 m2. Their thickness ranges from 10 to 200 m. There are three productive horizons among Paleogene sedimentary rock that consist of variegated clays, bauxitic clays and lightened bauxite oversaturated by fragments and concretions of stony bauxite. Two bodies occur in the outlier of ancient valleys. Generally, bauxite consists of gibbsite with admixture of kaolinite, boehmite, diaspore and corundum. Fe-minerals: magnetite, hematite, maghemite, goethite, hydrogoethite are abundant. Fine-grained rutile and ilmenite also occur. Pel'tek, 1969; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 27 Teneginskoye 59 06 00N 59.1 92 28 00E 92.4666666666667 Zn, Pb Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Small Average grade of 5.5% Zn, 0.5% Pb. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of a zone of brecciated limestone and shale containing veinlets and nest aggregates of oxidized Pb and Zn minerals hosted in Neoproterozoic carbonate rock. The main deposit has sublatitudinal strike and dips at the angle 50-80ø. It extends up to 2.5 km along strike and has an average thickness 10 m. The main deposit mineral is villemite (30-60%). The other deposit minerals are calamine, monheimite, smitsonite, plumbojarosite, limonite and goethite, rare pyrite. According to drilling data, the deposit minerals extend to a depth 180 m. Zn grade is 0.4 to 44.8%. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 28 Udorongovskoye 58 23 30 N 58.3916666666667 94 33 00 E 94.55 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Reserves of 1,146,000,000 tonnes grading 35.6% Fe. Angara-Pit Consists of bedded hematite hosted un Neoproterozoic rock series that characterizied by alternating argillite, siltstone and sandstone. Ore horizon is 45-180 m thick. Eight layers of 20 m total thickness occur. Separate layers extend up to 3-4-km along strike. Bodies are divided by sedimentary rock horizons of 2-15 m thick. Deposit minerals are hematite, sandy-hematite, argillo-chlorite-hematite gritstone, hematite-siderite. Main deposit minerals are hydrohematite, hematite, goethite. Lesser siderite, magnetite and pyrite occur. Gangue minerals are quartz, leptochlorite, clay minerals and sericite. Grade of S is 0.02-0.04%, of P-0.02-0.04%. Yudin, 1968; Kalugin and others, 1981; Brovkov and others, 1985; Orlov, 1998. Russia O 46 29 Udereiskoye 58 30 00N 58.5 94 09E 94.15 Sb,Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Medium Grade of 0.8-4.2 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of quartz veins and veinlets with Au and Sb minerals hosted in Mesoproterozoic quartz-chlorite-sericite, quartz-sericite and chlorite-sericite schist. Deposit is mainly in a steeply-dipping shear zone that is conformable with host rock structure. Saddle-shaped reefs also occur. Deposit consists of about 12 to 15 veins that total up to 10 to 80 m thick. Commercial deposits are outlined by sampling and contain both veins and host rock. Host rock is slighly hydrothermally-altered with formation of sericite, chlorite, silica, sulfides, carbonate and tourmaline. The main deposit minerals are quartz, stibnite, berthierite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, carbonate, sericite, native gold, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, argentite and fluorite. Distribution of Au in deposit is irregular. Higher Au concentrations occur in arsenopyrite. Deposit is interpreted as forming in a complicated multistage process. Two younger mineral assemblages are quartz, arsenopyrite and pyrite with Au and quartz, berthierite, stibnite with sparse Au. Distanov and others, 1975; Berger, 1981; Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 3 Oleniya Gora 59 52 00N 59.8666666666667 93 05 30 E 93.0916666666667 W W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 0.1% WO3 Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of scheelite-bearing quartz veins cutting Neoproterozoic metamorphic rock that is intruded by Tatarsk-Ayachtinsk Granitoid Complex. Deposit occurs along the contact of quartz-carbonate-mica and quartz-mica schist with quartzite. Deposit extends along strike for about 900 m long, varies from 1 to 60 m thick and contains numerous quartz veins from 15 to 18 m long and 0.8 to 4 m thick. Quartz veins also occur concordant to quartzite and hornfels. The deposit minerals occurs in streaks, nests and disseminations. The principal deposit mineral is scheelite and associated minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, stibnite, berthierite, native silver and gold. Antimony and Au deposits superimposed on W deposits. Shoots are common. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 30 Detalnoye 59 00 00N 59 92 26 00E 92.4333333333333 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Unassigned Represented by streaky-disseminated cinnabar mineralization at the contact between limestones and shales of the Kergetei series (PR) in the zone of the Chernorechensk fault. Disseminated cinnabar occurs in the cement of breccia and in quartz-calcite-dolomite veinlets. Stibnite and pyrite are accessory minerals. The scale of mineralization is unknown. Obolenskiy, 1985. Russia O 46 31 Nizhne-Angarskoye 58 16 00N 58.2666666666667 94 33E 94.55 Fe Sedimentary siderite Fe Large Reserves of 1,200,000,000 tonnes grading 40.4% Fe. Angara-Pit Consists of layered hematite hosted in late Riphean argillite, siltsone and sandstone. Fe horizon is 45 to 180 m thick and occurs in 36 separate deposits that range up to 29 m thick, extend up to 15 km along strike and range to 650 m depth. Fe layers are intercalated with sedimentary rock ranging up to 2 to 15 m thick. Layers consist of hematite, sandy-hematite, argillaceous chlorite hematite gritstone, hematite-siderite. Main deposit minerals are hydrogoethite, hematite and goethite with lesser siderite, magnetite and pyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, leptochlorite, clay, and sericite. Deposit contains 0.03% S and 0.08% P. Yudin, 1968; Kalugin and others, 1981; Brovkov and others, 1985; Orlov, 1998. Russia O 46 32 Goltsovoye 58 22 00N 58.3666666666667 94 03E 94.05 W, Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of quartz veins in exocontact zone of Neoproterozoic Tatarsk granite massif. Veins occur in metamorphozed carboniferous phyllite, siltstone, and shale of Mesoproterozoic age. Sedimentary rock in some places contact metamorphosed to hornfels near major Tatarsk granite massif. The major veins vary from some tens m to 450 m and 0.1-1.5 m thick. About 150 veins occur. Host rock is altered to greisen, tourmalinej and silica. Ore minerals are cassiterite, wolframite, rare pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, bismuthite, and pyrrhotite. Gangue minerals are quartz, tourmaline, and muscovite. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 33 Rudakovskoye 58 13 00N 58.2166666666667 94 26 00E 94.4333333333333 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Small Grade of 1.3-4.9% Pb, 0.6-4.3% Zn. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Occurs in a fracture zone in Late Riphean limestone. The thickness of the zone is about 50 m. The bodies occur in streaks disseminations of galena and sphalerite with a thickness from 0.2 to 5.5 m. Okhapkin and others, 1976. Russia O 46 34 Moryanikhinskoye 58 31 00N 58.5166666666667 93 31 00E 93.5166666666667 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Average grade of 2.5% Pb, 1.1% Zn. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of consists of layered bodies of disseminated, streaky and massive Pb-Zn sulfides hosted in late Riphean dolomite and limestone. Deposit occurs in a SE periclinal closing of an anticline complicated by a shear zone. Host rock is are 320 m thick and consist of dark-grey dolomite and algal ferruginous limestone with interbedded shale, marl and tuffaceous siltstone, with. single beds of schistose metabasalt porphyry and blastoporphyritic quartz-sericite schist. A spatial relation between Pb-Zn deposits and organic carbonate units exists. Five concordant layered deposits occur and extend more than 500 m along strike and range up to 600 m deep. The thickness of deposits ranges from 3.0 to 8.7 m, occasionally up to 33 m. Boundaries of deposits are gradational, particularly for disseminated part. Main deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite and pyrite and rare pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, burnonite and fahlore. The main gangue minerals are quartz and Fe-carbonate. Galena and sphalerite with a Zn:Pb ratio of 2:5 are predominant. Chalcopyrite and fahlore are typical minerals in veins along with sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Deposit is interpreted as forming under polygenous hydrothermal and sedimentary conditions. A model Pb isotopic age for the deposit is 740 to 849 Ma. Brander and others, 1985; Brovkov and others, 1985; Ponomarev and others, 1991. Russia O 46 35 Razdolninskoye 58 14 30N 58.2416666666667 94 20E 94.3333333333333 Sb Au Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Small Not available. Central-Yenisey Consists of quartz-stibnite veins hosted in carboniferous sandstone and siltstone, quartz-chlorite-sericite and quartz-sericite schist. Host rock alterations are: silica alteration, carbonate alteration, sericite alteration and chlorite alteration. Hydrotermally altered rock just in contacts of veins with disseminations and veinlets with sulfides. There are three quartz-stibnite veins. Deposits and veins are conformable with folded structure of host rock. A single quartz veins is related to fractures and occurs outside of the conformable deposits. This kind vein is low-grade. The principal deposit minerals are stibnite and berthierite; lesser pyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, fahlore, native gold and marcasite. Deposit has been mined. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 36 Lineinoye 58 30 00N 58.5 93 28 00E 93.4666666666667 Zn, Pb Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Medium Average grade of 1.03% Pb, 3.78% Zn. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of concordant layers and lenses of pyrite-polymetallic minerals hosted by late Riphean in carbonaceous clastic and carbonate rock. Deposit is confined to steeply-dipping (40-60ø) limb of sublatitudinal anticline bordered at the hanging wall by a shear zone. The host rocks are schistose graphitic siltstone, carbonaceous quartz-mica and quartz-carbonate-mica schist alternating with argillic shale and sericite quartzite. Pyrite impregantion and laminas in host rock is typical. Thin layers of tuffite also occur. A single diabase dikes occurs at the deposit. Deposit extends up to 1400 m along strike. Consists of a series of en-echelon lenses of different length and thickness (to 10-35 m). Alternation of massive pyrite-bearing layers and carbonaceous quartz-sericite schist is typical. The deposit mineral structures are rhythmical-layered and wavy-layered. The deposit minerals have a simple mineral composition. The deposit minerals are pyrite (60-70%), sphalerite (5.5%) and galena (1.2%). Accessory minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, burnonite. The gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, phlogopite, chlorite, muscovite, carbonates, rutile, sphene. Along with the earlier galena-sphalerite-pyrite assemblage characterized by a fine-grained globular sulfide aggregates, a later coarse-grained galena-sphalerite-pyrrhotite-pyrite assemblage occurs. The latter corresponds to the stage of metamorphic recrystallization of deposit minerals. Wall-rock alterations are weakly expressed and consists of silica alteration, siderite alteration, ankerite alteration and phlogopite alteration. Pyrite-bearing deposit minerals are intensely oxidized at the surface. According to Pb-isotopic geochronology, the model age of deposit is 780-850 Ma. Okhapkin and others, 1976; Brovkov and others, 1985; Ponomarev and others, 1991. Russia O 46 37 Dolgozhdannoye 58 14 00N 58.2333333333333 94 12 00E 94.2 Al Sedimentary bauxite Small Not available. Verkhoturovsk Represented by bauxite deposits of hollow morphological type. Bauxite-bearing horizon overlays discordantly the crust of weathering of Proterozoic amphibolites and metamorphic schists. Ore horizon is composed of bauxitic clays and highly ferruginous bauxites with thin lenses of pisolitic, earthy, and stony bauxites. From top to bottom bauxitic rocks turn into coaly and sandy kaolinitic clays of Upper Cretaceous age. Ore horizon is 10-15 m thick. An average thickness of the ore body is about 4 m. Bauxites belong to the gibbsite type; hematite, magnetite, maghemite, goethite, hydrogoethite occur. Smirnov, 1978. Russia O 46 38 Kiiskoye 59 10 00N 59.1666666666667 91 19 00 E 91.3166666666667 REE, Zr, Nb, Li Weathering crust carbonatite REE-Zr-Nb-Li Large Resources of 1,020,000 tonnes grading 1.57% REE. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of REE-Nb-polymetallic and U-REE-Th deposit minerals in the Kiisk nepheline-syenite massif. The main deposit minerals are bastnaesite, rabdofanite, parisite, zircon, monazite, loparite, xenotime, thorianite and thorite. The content of useful components in primary deposit minerals is low. Only a weathering crust is of economic value. Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia O 46 39 Tatarskoye 58 24 00N 58.4 93 28 00E 93.4666666666667 REE, Ta, Nb REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Large Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of phosphate and Ni minerals in carbonatite and alkali metasomatite that occur in an exocontact zone of a granitoid pluton that intrudes interbedded Proterozoic quartz-mica schist, marble, quartzite, amphibolite and amphibole-chlorite schist. The district containing the deposit extends more than 20 km and ranges from 50 to 300 to 400 m wide. Twelve lensoid and sheeted deposits occur in the district. Carbonatite is interpreted as a metasomatic unit and consists of dolomite-amphibole-biotite and calcite-amphibole-biotite carbonatite. Dolomite carbonatite has highest grade. Deposit minerals are Fe-dolomite, phlogopite, alkali amphibole, apatite, magnetite, pyrochlore, columbite, pyrrhotite. Also occurring are minor pyrite, chalcopyrite, ilmenite, molybdenite, zircon, rutile and sphene. Deposit is interpreted as a near-fault type of alkaline metasomatite related to alkali basalt magmatism. Weathered surface rock containg up to 5% Nb2O5, is widespread and contains complex Ni and phophorus minerals and vermiculite. Brovkov and others, 1985; Lapin, 1996; Serdyuk, 1998; Elutin and others, 1999. Russia O 46 4 Visokaya Gora 59 54 00N 59.9 92 49 00E 92.8166666666667 W, Mo, Au, Sb W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of the zones of greisen-altered granite that are part of the Neoproterozoic Vysokaya Gora pluton.The zones occur in quartz-mica schist and quartz-biotite-sillimanite hornfels. A net of quartz veins and veinlets varied from some centim to 1 m thick occurs in greisen-altered granite. Veins and veinlets contain wolframite, scheelite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, rare pyrrhotite, molybdenite, galena, sphalerite, magnetite, gold, stibnite, cinnabar. The same minerals but in lesser amount occur in greisen-altered granite nearby quartz veins and veinlets. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 40 Krutoye 58 29 35 N 58.4930555555556 93 05 00E 93.0833333333333 Zn, Pb Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Small Not available. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of pyrite-bearing galena-sphalerite layered and lenses of bodies hosted in Late Riphean dolomite and dolomitic limestone. The major deposit minerals occur in a zone of crush in that hydrothermal alterations of rock is widespread. The elongated zone of brecciation extends along the contact of dark carbonaceous dolomitic limestone with light dolomite. The zone of brecciation consists of fragments of fine-grained dolomite, Fe-carbonates, quartz, and, local sulfides. The deposit minerals occur in masses, lenses, streaks and disseminations of. The main deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite; rare chalcopyrite and rutile. The gangue minerals are quartz, ankerite, dolomite, calcite, lesser sericite, chlorite. The Pb:Zn ratio in primary deposit minerals varies in the range from 0.5 to 2.0. The zone of oxidation extends to a depth 40 m. The zone of secondary Pb enrichment (corkite, plumbogummite, cerussite) is 30 m thick with an average grade 10% Pb. Brovkov and Okhapkin, 1976. Russia O 46 41 Kondakovskoye 58 00 00N 58 94 02 30E 94.0416666666667 Be REE-Li pegmatite Medium Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of pegmatite bodies occurred in Early Proterozoic metamorphic rock (binary mica disten-garnet-sillimanite schist, quartzite and amphibolite). More than 270 pegmatite bodies occur. They generally consist of layered veins, rarely by nests and stocks up to 200 m long and 15-20 m thick. Pegmatite bodies have a zonal structure with quartz zone in the axial part. The central part of bodies having the coarse-grained structure is the most productive. The mineral in the pegmatite are quartz, feldspar, muscovite, biotite, garnet, tourmaline, disthene, sillimanite, zircon, beryl, epidote, apatite, pyrite and magnetite. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988; Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia O 46 42 Gorevskoye 58 07 00N 58.1166666666667 93 30 00E 93.5 Pb, Zn Ag Sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn (SEDEX) Large Average grade of 7.02% Pb, 1.36% Zn. World class deposit. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of concordant lenses of Pb-Zn sulfides hosted in late Riphean clastic and carbonate rock. Deposit occurs in a small synclinal fold on the limb of a larger anticline that is cut by the Main fault and associated fracture and shear zones on the NE limb. Host rock consists of a uniform sequence of dark-gray lenticular limestone with thin interbedded marl and shale. Host rock is intensely deformed and metamorphosed to greenschist facies. Also occurring are numerous diabase dikes up to 10 m thick and several hundred m long occur. Three separate deposits occur and range from 20 to 150 m wide, extend NW for up to 1200 m, form an en-echelon system, and dip at 75 to 85ø. Deposits extend to 1000 m depth at the SE flank of the deposit. Host rock is siliceous siderite rock and sideropile. The ore mineral structures are lenticular, layered, streaky, massive, brecciated, and disseminated. Main ore minerals are galena, pyrrhotit and sphalerite, and lesser pyrite, marcasite, burnonite, boulangerite, jamsonite, arsenopyrite, ilmenite, rare chalcopyrite, tennantite, argentite, pyrargirite, prustite, sternbergite, diskrasite, native silver, and lollingite. In decreasing abundance, gangue minerals are quartz, siderite, ankerite, dolomite, calcite, biotite, muscovite, and garnet. Sphalerite occurs mainly on hanging wall of the district, whereas galena is concentrated on the footwall. Ag, Cd, Ta and Te occur in solid solution. A model Pb isotopic age for the deposit is 834 to 852 Ma. Okhapkin and others, 1976; Distanov, 1985; Brovkov and others, 1985; Kuznetsov and others, 1990; Avdonin, 1997. Russia O 46 43 Tchernoretchenskoye 58 27 00N 58.45 92 15 00E 92.25 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of Hg minerals along the thrust of Proterozic coal, clay, shale and limestone over Early Cambrian variegated sedimentary rock. Deposit is hosted in metasomatic quartzite and silica-altered limestone making up the hanging block of the thrust. Hg minerals occur in disseminations, veinlets and small cinnabar nests. The zone is 150-200 m long and 15-20 m thick. The size of the deposit is unknown. Obolenskiy, 1985. Russia O 46 44 Ust-Angarskoye 58 08 00N 58.1333333333333 93 00 00E 93 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Small Not available. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of streaks and disseminations of deposit minerals in skarn in late Riphean limestone. Deposit occurs in the exocontact zone of the Sogrinsk granitoid massif (850+/-50 Ma). Deposit minerals occurs in the edge zone of limestone and dolomitic limestone altered to diopside-tremolite-carbonate rock. Skarn zone ranges up to 100-120 m wide. Deposit is 40 m wide. The deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, rare chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, argentite, magnetite. The gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, ankerite, diopside, tremolite. Brovkov and Okhapkin, 1976. Russia O 46 45 Kurishskoye 56 31 00N 56.5166666666667 94 58 00E 94.9666666666667 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Average grade of 1% Cu. Bedobinsk Consists of stratiform Cu minerals in Late Riphean clastic red molasse. The most abundant Cu minerals occur in variegated sedimentary rock formed in a coastal-marine and deltaic facies. Four Cu horizons range from 0.5 to 4.5 m thick and display features of high stability over a large area. The deposit minerals are chalcocite and bornite and rare chalcopyrite, covellite, malachite and azurite. Fractured Cu-bearing rock is along the southern margin of the Siberian Platform may are the source of Cu. Malich and others, 1987. Russia O 46 46 Predivinskoye 57 03 00N 57.05 93 13E 93.2166666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Small Average grade of 33.8% Fe. Kansk Consists of ferrous quartzite deposits hosted in Early-Proterozoic metamorphic rock. Host rock is mica-, chlorite-, chlorite-actinolite schist; mica quartzite, metavolcanic rock with lenses of limestone and dolostone. According to geophysical data, deposit horizon is 50-60 m thick, extends up to 700 m along strike and pinchs out at 150-170 m depth. Deposit consists of beds (0.5-4,7 m thick) and intercolations (1-2 cm) of magnetite alternating with barren layers. Total thickness of magnetite bodies is 20-25 m. Deposit minerals are thin-layered chlorite, quartz and magnetite. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 47 Kuzeevskoye 56 43 00N 56.7166666666667 93 58E 93.9666666666667 Au Ag, Pb, Zn Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Not available. Kansk Consists of quartz, quartz-sulfide veins and quartz-low-sulfide veinlets zones in brecciated Archean and silica-altered gneiss and mylonite. The veins are from some tens m to some hundred m long and to 1-2 m thick. Wall-rock alteration are silica alteration, sericite alteration, sulfide alteration, chlorite alteration and carbonate alteration. Along the quartz (from 70 to 95 vol%), calcite, siderite, sericite and chlorite in veins occur. The deposit minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, rare arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, native gold, molybdenite, cassiterite, fahlore. Sulfide content reach locally up to 25-30%. Distribution of gold is extremally irregular. The deposit minerals contain abnormally high amounts of Ag, Pb and Zn. Average contents of Ag-about 15 ppm, Pb-2-12%, Zn-2,6%. Au/Ag ratio varyes from 1,5 to 2,2. In fracture zones among silica-altered mylonite with disseminated gold also occur. Li, 1979; Serdyuk, 1997. Russia O 46 48 Bogunai 56 12 00 N 56.2 94 35 E 94.5833333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Not available. Kansk Consist of more than 40 quartz veins hosted in Archean metamorphic rock. The main host rocks are garnet and pyroxene plagiogneiss, granulite, migmatite, charnockite, and pegmatite, and diabase, diabase porphyry and gabbro dikes. Venis range up to several hundred meters length and are up to 1 km, and up to 2 m thick. Veins located in ares of greenschists facies metamorphism. Host rocks are altered to are silica, sericite, pyrite, chlorite, and carbonate. Main ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, and galena; and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, cubanite, magnetite, native gold, cassiterite, stannite, andmolybdenite. Gangue minerals are quartz (70 to 95%), calcite, siderite, chlorite, and sericite. Native gold is fine-grained and is associated with sulfides. Deposit is partly mined. A Pb-isotopic age of Au-sulfide deposits is 900ñ150 Ma. Li, 1974; Bovin and Li, 1976; Serdyuk, 1997. Russia O 46 49 Barginskoye 56 07 00 N 56.1166666666667 94 35 00 E 94.5833333333333 Be REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Kansk Consists of pegmatite veins in Archean garnet-hypersthene gneiss. Host rocks along veins are altered to mica, staurolite-mica, and amphibole gneiss. 121 pegmatite veins occur and are generally conformable to host rock schistosity. Veins are layered, extend up to 400 m, and range from 1 to 2 m thick. The Giant vein is 2 km long and 10 to 50 m thick. Also occurring are lensoid pegmatite bodies. Major pegmatite minerals are quartz, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, garnet, beryl, epidote, and apatite. 15 veins contain commercial muscovite. Muscovite is low grade. Deposit has been mined. Pegmatite is genetically related to a Neoproterozoic granite sequence (Brovkov and others, 1985). Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988; Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia O 46 5 Olympiada 59 52 00N 59.8666666666667 92 53E 92.8833333333333 Au Sb Au in black shale Large Reserves of 700 tonnes Au grading 3-4 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Occurs at the central part of the Central-Yenisei metallogenic belt in the Verkhne-Enashiminsk district and consists of layered and saddle-shaped bodies of disseminated Au-sulfide in metasomatite hosted in regionally-metamorphosed Late-Proterozoic carboniferous and clastic rock. Deposit occurs in a roof pendant above the large Neoproterozoic Chirimbinsk granitoid pluton. Host rock is quartz-carbonate and mica schist with intercalated dolostone and carboniferous and quartz-muscovite schist. Host rock is hydrothermally-altered to quartz-carbonate and mica, mica-carbonate and zoisite-quartz-mica metasomatite. Skarn locally occurs with metasomatite. Deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, berthierite, pyrite and native Au and rare galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, scheelite, fahlore and Bi-minerals. Deposit minerals constitute 4 to 5% total amount of deposit. Free gold is fine-grained and disseminated and varies from 0.001 to 0.1 mm wide. Gold occurs with arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and granoblastic quartz. Two generations of native gold occur, an early generation with a fineness of 910 to 997 and a later generation with a finenest 647 to 757 that is associated with carbonate and Sb deposits. Weathering crust is wide-spead and contains higher-grade Au. Mining of Au-bearing crust is continuing. Weathering crust ranges to 390 m depth. Li and others, 1990; Genkin and others, 1994; Li, 1997; Safonov, 1997. Russia O 46 50 Kanskoye 56 11 00N 56.1833333333333 94 08E 94.1333333333333 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Kansk Consists of quartz-molybdenite veins in the Neoproterozoic Nizhnekansk granitoid pluton. Veins range up to 270 to 300 m long, and from 0.16 to 0.38 m thick. Host rock is altered to greisen. Ore minerals are molybdenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and ilmenorutile. Molybdenite occurs irregular grains. Sparese disseminated molybdenite occurs along with wolframite, scheelite, and cassiterite in greisen, scheelite skarn, and pegmatite. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia O 46 51 Mazulskoye 56 05 30 N 56.0916666666667 90 24E 90.4 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Large Grade of 18.2-19% Mn, 13-18% Fe. Reserves of 6,500,000 tonnes ore. Unassigned Consists of layered Mn minerals in Early Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic rock (diabase porphyry, tuff, tuffite, argillitic-siliceous schist, quartzite). A single body is 160x40 m thick. Deposit minerals are Mn carbonate, manganite and Mn-hydrosilicate. Psilomelane-rich in Fe-hydrooxides occur in hypergenesis zone. Twenty beds exist. Deposit was mained from 1932-1955. Mirtova, 1978; Kuznetsov, 1982. Russia O 46 6 Pravoberezhnoye 59 57 00N 59.95 92 36 00E 92.6 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Average grade of 0.1% Hg. Unassigned Consists of a lensoid quartz vein cutting Neoproterozoic quartz-carbonate-mica schist. Cinnabar occurs in fissures in quartz grains. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia O 46 7 Ayakhta 59 13 00 N 59.2166666666667 94 05 E 94.0833333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 4.4 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of gold-bearing quartz vein zones that occur in Proterozoic sequence of shale and siltstone are intruded by Ajachta granit massif. Host rocks are metamorphosed in green-shist facies. Small bodies of leucocratic granitis intrusives at the ore deposit area also occur. Pegmatite bodies and granite dikes are catted by quartz lenses and veinlets. Two ore quartz-ore zones in the deposit were explored. They are up to 2 km long, and 60-70 m width. Single ore bodies are 370-970 m long, and 0,5 m average thickness. Gangue minerals are quartz, lesser carbonate. Ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, lesser pyrrhotite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, native gold, bismuth-minerals. Sulfides account for up to 3%. Native gold occures as irregular dissemination and small nests near selvages of quartz bodies. The highest gold concentrations occur in places of gathering of arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite. Wall-rock alterations are silicification, sulfidization; muskivite and turmaline also occur. Serdyuk, 1997. Russia O 46 8 Bolshepitskoye 59 15 00 N 59.25 93 54 00 E 93.9 Pb, Zn Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Small Average grade of 9% Pb, 0.3% Zn, 0.02% Cu. Vorogovsko-Angarsk Consists of lens-like bodies, veins and disseminated ore mineralization in limestones within volcanogenic-terrigene-carbonate series of the Upper Riphean age. Ore-containing rocks are dark fine-grained and detrital grey limestones. The fracture zones are widespread within the ore field. The ore bodies have various and often complex shapes. The main mineralization is confined to lens-like body of metasomatites of quartz-dolomite-barite composition whose thickness is 1.5 m. Vein-like bodies of barite-quartz-carbonate and barite-carbonate ores also occur. Within zones of brecciation in limestones mineralization is disseminated and streaky. The ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite; rarely boulangerite, burnonite, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, jamesonite. The extent of the mineralized zones reaches 80-90 m, their thickness - 2.5-5 m. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia O 46 9 Ishimbinskoye 59 03 00N 59.05 94 28E 94.4666666666667 Fe Sedimentary siderite Fe Large Average grade of 39.4% Fe. Reserves of 238,200,000 tonnes. Angara-Pit Consists of bedded hematite hosted in Late-Riphean rock that consists of alternating argillite, siltstone, and sandstone. Ore horizon is 45-180 m thick and extends up to 20 km along strike. Ten ore mineral layers with total thickness of 35-35 m occur. Deposit extends to 500-600 m depth. Ore minerals are hematite, sandy-hematite, argillochlorite-hematite gritstone, and hematite-siderite. Main ore minerals are hydrogoethite, hematite, and goethite, and lesser siderite, magnetite, pyrite,. Gangue minerals are quartz, leptochlorite, clay minerals, and sericite. Ore minerals are poor in S (0.002%) and P (0.038%). Yudin, 1968; Kalugin and others, 1981; Brovkov and others, 1985; Orlov, 1998. Russia O 47 1 Nizhne-Gondinskoye 59 52 00N 59.8666666666667 98 32E 98.5333333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Small Not available. Bedobinsk Consists of stratiform deposits of cupriferous rock related to argillite, clastic and carbonaceous Middle and Late Cambrian Evenkiisk Suite. Host rock is light-grey calcareous sandstone and dolomite with regular dissemination of chalcopyrite and pyrite. The thickness of deposit is 0.8-1.0 m. Bogdanov and others, 1973; Narkelun and others, 1977. Russia O 47 10 Kliminskoye 58 35 30 N 58.5916666666667 98 27E 98.45 Fe Fe-Zn skarn Small Average grade of 61% Fe. Reserves of 30,000,000 tonnes. Angara-Ilim Consists of magnetite bodies in steeply-dipping eruptive breccia pipe. Deposit constracted by chlorite-calcite rock, pyroxene-garnet skarn and skarn in tuff, siliceous-carbonate and siliceous rock and microquartzite. Layered bodies are wide spread. There are 14 bodies of oval shape varying from 70 x 40 m to 100 x160-800 m at the surface. The deposit minerals are magnetite and martite-magnetite; massive and mottled. The host rock is carbonates and metasomatite. Grade of Fe varied from 40 to 67%, S and P are low. The deposit minerals are oxidized up to 400-500 m depth. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia O 47 11 Levoberezhnoye 58 35 30 N 58.5916666666667 98 22E 98.3666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Resources of 110,000,000 tonnes grading 20-30% Fe. Angara-Ilim Consists of layered magnetite bodies in brecciated zone and metasomatically altered Cambrian carbonate rock that is intruded by Triassic diabase. Metasomatic rock is of serpentine-chlorite-calcite composition. Deposit is 2 km long, 200 m thick and extend 400 m to depth. It is steeply-dipping and flattens at the deep levels. The length of separate bodies ranges up to 1500 m along strike and 200-500 m down the deep. The first body is 10-80 m thick and the second one-136 m. The main deposit minerals are magnetite, calcite, chlorite, serpentine. The grades are Fe-20-30.13%; S-0.46%; P2O5-0.16%. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia O 47 12 Bedobinskoye 58 48 00 N 58.8 97 12 30 E 97.2083333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Grade of 0.1-0.6% Cu. Bedobinsk Consists of stratiform Cu sulfides in the Middle to Late Cambrian argillaceous, clastic, and carbonaceous rock of the Evenkiisk suite. The Cu sulfide horizon is 2 to 3 m thick. Host lithologies are red aleurolite and siltstone. Host rocks are dolomitic sandstone, limestone, and marl. Ore minerals are chalcocite, pyrite, hematite, chalcopyrite, bornite, arsenopyrite, fahl, sphalerite, and native silver. Ore minerals occur marinly in cement of sedimentary rocks in disseminations, concretions, and thin laminae. Narkelyun and others, 1977. Russia O 47 13 Porozhinskoye 2 58 38 00N 58.6333333333333 96 41 00E 96.6833333333333 Al Bauxite (karst type) Medium Average grade of 43.6% Al2O3. Verkhoturovsk Consists of karst bauxite deposits that occur in the contact zone of Proterozoic clastic and carbonate rock. Bauxite horizon consists of variegated bauxitic clays, earthy and stony clay bauxite. Horizon is 15 km long and 12 to 45 m thick. Separate deposits are from 120 to 1200 m long, 50 to 150 m wide and 12 to 37 m thick. Bauxite is pisolitic, occurs as gibbsite and is enriched in Fe oxides. Main deposit minerals are gibbsite, kaolinite, corundum, magnetite, hematite, goethite. Deposit is medium size with an average grade of 43.6% Al2O3. Peltek, 1967, 1969; Smirnov, 1978. Russia O 47 14 Kichetskoye 57 29 00N 57.4833333333333 96 02E 96.0333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Medium Not available. Angara-Ilim Consists of skarn with Mn magnetite formed in an explosion pipe that is associated with development of trap magnatism (Early Triassic). Deposit is controlled by Chunsk major fault zone. Principal deposit minerals are magnetite and garnet. Associated minerals are pyroxene, chlorite, calcite, epidote, in lesser amount pyrite, pyrrhotite. The deposit minerals occur in breccia, masses and disseminations. There are layered deposits of hematite ore with admixtures of barite and celestine in the calderas bowl structure at the upper part of diatreme. Krugovich and Kiselev, 1982; Dunaev, 1998. Russia O 47 2 Chuktukonskoye 59 26 00N 59.4333333333333 98 58 00E 98.9666666666667 Nb, REE REE, Zr, Nb, Li REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Medium Not available. Angara-Ilim Consists of Nb-REE minerals and phosphate minerals that occur in weathered carbonatite that is part of the Chadobetsk alkalic ultramafic complex. The carbonatite contains mainly calcite and dolomite, has an isotopic age of 260 to 200 Ma. The weathered crust varies from 70 to 100 to 350 m and more thick. Minerals inthe crust are of goethite, hematite, psilomelane, pyrolusite, barite, monacite, florensite, gorceixite, cerianite, and pyrochlore. At the bottom of the crust is francolite, quartz, and hydromica. Nb-REE minerals occur in residual lateritic ochre that formed in a leach zone and contains from 1 to 1.5 % Nb2O5, 3 to 6 % TR2O3 (0.1 to 0.3 % Y2O3). Phosphatic and Nb-phosphate minerals occur in francolite rocks in a cemented zone and contain from 10 to 30 % P2O5 (average of 17 to 20 %). Ore minerals formed in an epigenetic altered weathered crust at the top of the deposit in a bleached horizon that is depleted in Fe and Mn and rich in Nb (up to 3 to 5 % Nb2O5) and REE (up to 15 to 20 % TR2O3). Thickness of this horizon ranges from 3 to 12 m. Ore minerals are monazite, florensite, crandallite, pyrochlore, anatase, pyrite, and goethite. . Lapin, 1992, 1996; Lapin, Tolstov, 1993. Russia O 47 3 Taloye 1 58 32 30N 58.5416666666667 99 21E 99.35 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 37.10% Fe. Reserves of 66,500,000 tonnes. Angara-Ilim Consists of magnetite deposits in a brecciated zone of Early Cambrian carbonate rock intruded by Triassic diabase bodies at depth. The host rock altered to skarn and to serpentine-chlorite-calcite metasomatite. The major body contains 80% common resources. It is 1200 m long, 110 m thick and extend 800 m to depth (by geophisical data). The deposit minerals are brecciated, mottled and massive. The principal deposit mineral is magnetite. Associated minerals are serpentine, chlorite, calcite, pyrite, ilmenite, chalcopyrite. The weathering crust ranges up to 20 m thick and contains lenses of magnetite and martite. Britan and Gorshkov, 1975; Kalugin and others, 1981; Orlov, 1998. Russia O 47 4 Verkhne-Ollonokonskoye 59 31 00N 59.5166666666667 96 08 30 E 96.1416666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Resources of 300,000,000 tonnes grading 55-65% Fe. Angara-Ilim Consists of magnetite bodies along the NW fault zone in early Paleozoic clastic-carbonate rock. Intrusive body of diabase occurs in deposit. Deposit extended by magnetic prospecting and ranges up to 5 km long and 0.5-1.5 km thick. The bodies occur in lenses and stocks. The wall-rock is carbonate-chlorite-serizite metasomatite and non-altered carbonate rock. The deposit minerals are magnetite-hematite and hematite, and occur in masses, disseminations, breccia, and streaks. Deposit grades 0.18-1.5 P2O5, up to 0.15% S. Kalugin and others, 1981; Malich and others, 1987. Russia O 47 5 Beryambinskoye 58 23 00 N 58.3833333333333 99 32 E 99.5333333333333 Fe Fe-Zn skarn Medium Reserves of 39,800,000 tonnes with average grade of 34% Fe. Angara-Ilim Consist of bed-like and lens-like ore bodies of magnetite ores in Middle-Upper Cambrian brecciated rocks (dolomite, limestone, sandstone, marl, siltstone). Calc-silicate and magnesium-silicate skarns are wide spread in the brecciated zone and altered into chlorite, serpentine and epidote. The longines of mineralization zone is 4 km, thickness is 250-650 m. There are 3 places with ore mineralization in this zone 0,1-0,5 km2. Ore mineralization traced up 400-600 m at the depth. The ores are brecciated (90%), rarely massive and bended. Minerals of ore are: magnetite, chlorite, calcite, serpentine, pyrite, pyrrhotite, markasite. Grade of Fe varied from 16 to 60% (average 34%); S - 1,44-3,99%; P - 0,09-0,37%. Chesnokov, 1967; Kalugin and others, 1981; Malich and others, 1987; Orlov, 1998 Russia O 47 6 Pikhtovoye 58 31 00N 58.5166666666667 99 06E 99.1 Fe Fe skarn Medium Resources of 100,000,000 tonnes. Angara-Ilim Consists of steeply-dipping magnetite bodies in a volcanic diatreme. The volcanic pipe occurs at the intersection of NE and NW disjunctives and filled by fragments of Early Cambrian carbonate-clastic rock with tufogenic matrix. The deposit minerals occur in breccia masses, streaks and disseminations. The deposit minerals are magnetite, chlorite, calcite, zeolite, serpentine, hornblende, talc, pyrite. The host rock altered to carbonate-chlorite-serpentine metasomatite and garnet-pyroxene skarn. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia O 47 7 Ognenskoye 58 27 30 N 58.4583333333333 99 14E 99.2333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 33.7-52.84% Fe. Reserves of 40,200,000 tonnes. Angara-Ilim Consists of shallow -angle lodes of magnetite in brecciated zone in Early Cambrian carbonate rock intruded at depth by Triassic diabase bodies. The host rock metasomatically altered to calc-silicate skarn and chlorite-serpentine-calcite rock. Two deposits (Eastern and Western) occur. The Eastern magnetite deposit is 770x500 m at the surface and extends 1 km to depth. Deposit contains 80% common Rv of magnetite. Deposit also contains serpentine, chlorite and calcite. The deposit minerals occur in breccia (70%), masses, spots and layers. The Western deposit is 250x490 m in plan. Magnetite is covered by weathering crust, containing magnetite-martite that forms a mantle deposit 460x580 m in plan and 25.6 m thick. Britan and Gorshkov, 1975; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia O 47 8 Vostok 58 27 00N 58.45 99 09E 99.15 Fe Fe skarn Medium Resources of 50,000,000 tonnes grading 30-40% Fe. Angara-Ilim Consists of bowl-shaped body of Fe minerals along the contact of skarn and limestone in a volcanic diatreme. The body is about 600 m long and 35 to 140 m thick. The deposit minerals occur in breccia, streaks and disseminations and veins. The deposit minerals are magnetite, garnet, pyroxene, chlorite, calcite, serpentine. Kalugin and others, 1981; Orlov, 1998. Russia O 47 9 Tagarskoye 58 27 00N 58.45 99 08E 99.1333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 24% Fe (primary ore), 38-41.2%Fe (oxidized ore). Reserves of 265,300,000 tonnes. Angara-Ilim Consists of Fe-bodies in skarn and late metasomatite that replaced explosive breccia containing fragments of limestone, diabase, dolostone and siltstone. There are two types of skarn: magnesium-silicate (forsterite and spinel) and more recent calc-silicate (garnet-pyroxene). Aposkarn metasomatite contains chlorite, serpentine, phlogopite and epidote. The body is 1600 m long, 300-400 m thick and up to 1000 m to depth. The magnetite bodies are brecciated, rarely massive, disseminated, banded and mottled. Associated minerals are serpentine, chlorite, calcite, pyrite, pyrhotite, chalcopyrite. S grade is 1,35%, P2O5 grade is 12%. Weathering crust developed to 200 m depth and contains Fe-rich magnetite-martite (Fe-41,2%), martite and goethite-hydrogoethite (Fe-38%). Dymkin and others, 1974l 1979; Kalugin and others, 1981; Smirnov, 1987. Russia O 48 1 Tatyaninskoye 56 42 N 56.7 104 26 E 104.433333333333 Fe Trap-related Fe skarn (Angara-Ilim type) Small Average grade of 30.96% Fe. Angaro-Ilimskiy The main body (280x260 m) has isometric shape, occurs in the central part of the volcanic pipe filled with tuffite. At depth the body acquires lens shape. Deposit-controlling volcanic pipe (1000x500 m) extends NE and extends 500 m down. The rock enclosing the pipe are Ordovician aleurolite and sandstone of the sedimentary cover of the Siberian platform. Main deposit minerals are magnetite, magnomagnetite and diopside (total 95%) and the main gangue minerals are garnet (grossular-andradite), calcite, chlorite, and serpentine, and sporadic zeolite, quartz, apatite, sphene, gypsum, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite. The deposit minerals occur in breccia, disseminations, veins and masses. Fe deposit is metasomatic and consists of pyroxene-garnet skarns saturated in magnetite. Ore contains martite. The content of harmful admixtures: P205-0.25%, S-0.67%. Deposit occurs in SW part of the Siberian Platform in the Angara Fe province. Shiryaev and others, 1958; Pekarin, 1960. Russia O 48 2 Yubileinoye 1 59 05 30 N 59.0916666666667 103 28 00 E 103.466666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Reserves of 65,000,000 tonnes. Angara-Ilim Consists of two lenses of Mn magnetite in skarn in brecciated zone with a NE strike. The skarns formed near the trap sill. Skarns are predominatly of garnet composition. Replacement of skarn by chlorite, serpentite, epidote occurs. The deposit minerals occur in breccia, masses, streaks and disseminations. Momdzi, 1976; Dunajev, 1998. Russia O 48 3 Sputnik 1 58 57 00N 58.95 103 52E 103.866666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Reserves of 70,000,000 tonnes grading 35-40% Fe. Angara-Ilim Consists of a steeply-dipping Mn magnetite body in skarn zone among Permian clastic and Early Triassic tuffaceous rock, intruded by diabase dikes and stocks. Garnet skarn is predominant. Replacement of garnet skarn by serpentine, chlorite and epidote occurred. The body is 2.6 km long and 50 m thick. It consists of intercollated massive magnetite veins and metasomatic bodies. The separate bodies vary from 0.3 to 1.5 km long and from 1 to 20 m thick. Deposit is complicated by apophysis. The deposit minerals are brecciated, densely dissiminated and masive. Momdzi, 1976; Fon-der-Flaas, 1977; Kalugin and others, 1981; Dunajev, 1998. Russia O 48 4 Atavinskoye 1 58 57 00 N 58.95 103 50 30 E 103.841666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Grade of 30-35% Fe. Reserves of 50,000,000 tonnes ore. Angara-Ilim Consists of magnesian magnetite ore deposits among the skarnized and hydrothermaly alterated sandstone of Permian age and Lower Triassic tufacceous rocks. There are some dolerite intrusive bodies within the limits of the ore field. Scarnized rocks are of carbonate-pyroxene-garnet composition. They andergo of chloritizatization, serpentinization and epidotization. The ore bodies are vein-like and nest-like and connected with volcanic diatreme. The ores are brecciated, massive, mottled, streaky-disseminated. Mineral composition of ores are: magnetite, chlorite, serpentine, pyroxene, garnet, calcite, epidote, hematite, rarely pyrite and chalcopyrite. According to geophysical data reserves of ores estimated as 50 Mt. Momdzi, 1976. Russia O 48 5 Nerjundinskoye 58 50 N 58.8333333333333 103 48 E 103.8 Fe Trap-related Fe skarn (Angara-Ilim type) Large Resources of 622.2 million tonnes Fe grading 30.58% Fe. Forecasted resources to 1500 m depth of about 825 million tonnes with cut-off grade of 22% Fe. Angaro-Ilimskiy Consists of two large occurrences: a pillar (2500x20-400 m) occurrence confined to the central part of explosion pipe; and a gently plate (250-1980x3.4-132.6 m). Deposit occurs at depth of 400-500 m in basal sill of diabase porphyry. Major deposit minerals are magnetite; minor ones are hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, native copper, marcasite, chalcocite, bornite, ilmenite, limonite, martite. Gangue (about 10%) is metasomatic and locally contains abundant magnetite. Ggarnet, pyroxene and epidote skarns occur. Somewhat later skarn is overlapped by hydrothermal magnetite and sulphides. The deposit minerals occur in breccia (50%), masses (25%) and veinlets and disseminations and local bands and oolites. The composition is P - 0.04-0.20%; sulphur - 0.04-0.18%. Host rock consists of lower clastic and calcareous rock layers (Cambrian through Permian); and an upper layer of tuffaceous and sedimentary rock (Early Triassic). Deposit occurs in SW part of the Siberian Platform. Vorontsov, 1976; V.D. Parovoy and others, wriiten commun., 1976, Strakhov, 1978; Vakhrushev and others, 1976; Pukhnarevich, 1986; Modzhi and others, 1976; Geological Structure of the USSR, 1987; Fon-der-Flaas, 1977. Russia O 48 6 Kapaevskoye 58 31 N 58.5166666666667 103 45 E 103.75 Fe Trap-related Fe skarn (Angara-Ilim type) Large Average grade of 30.28% Fe to 1400 m depth. Resources of 743.2 million tonnes. Angaro-Ilimskiy Consists of a large inricate volcanic pipe that contains 82 bodies (40-1750 x 2,500 x 40-1430 m). The main deposit occurs in 6 steeply-dipping lenses, two subhorizontal occurrences, and one crater occurrence, in the upper part ofthe pipe. Ore minerals occur in veins and metasomatic replacements. The former are primarily massive, the latter are brecciated and diffuse. The main ore minerals are magnetite (13 to 55%), martite magnetite (6 to 42%) and martite (0.5 to 18%), and rare hematite. The skarn-vein minerals are pyroxene, grossulare andradite, calcite, chlorite, and hydromica, and rare epidote, phlogopite, datolite, and celestine. The content of harmful admixtures: P 0.18-0.38%, S 0.05-0.22%. The host rocks are terriigenous-calcareous units (Cambrian through Permian) overlapped by thin layers of trap basalt (Early Triassic) and tuffaceous rock (Early Triassic) with dikes and stocks of diabase (Early Triassic). The deposit occurs in SE Siberian platform. Momdzhi and others, 1976; Vakhrushev and others, 1976; Fon-der-Flaas, 1977; Srakhov, 1978; Rozhkov and others, written commun., 1981; Pukhnarevich, 1986. Russia O 48 7 Rudnogorskoe 57 15 00 N 57.25 103 42 00 E 103.7 Fe Trap-related Fe skarn (Angara-Ilim type) Large Grade of 35.47-30.65% Fe. Angaro-Ilimskiy Consists of four closely located explosion pipes filled with tuffite and occurring in sublatitudinal and submeridional fracture zones. The largest one has oval shape with dimensions 600x1500 m. The main deposit is hosted by 3 steeply-dipping sublatitudinal occurrences lying inside and beyond the volcanic pipes: the 1st as an elongated lenticular occurrence (3800x40 m), the 2nd as a platy body (650x30-100 m), the 3rd consists of two pillars (150 x 56 x 750 m). The main deposit minerals are magnetite, magnomagnetite, hematite, martite, pyroxene, garnet, chlorite, serpentine, calcite; minor minerals: apatite, quartz, epidote, rarely pyrite, chalcopyrite; randomly occurs spinel, vesuvian, zeolite, hornblende, sphene, montomorillonite. The zone of oxidation is well developed: semi-oxidized deposit minerals occur 50 through-300 m down (martite, hematite, goethite, rarely limonite). Harmful admixtures: P2O5-0.4-0.79%, S-0.33%; useful admixtures: Cu-0.01-3.4%. Deposit is hosted by sedimentary calstic and carbonate rock (early Paleozoic) and tuffaceous and sedimentary rock (Permian and Triassic). In regional plan the deposit occurs in SW part of the Siberian platform in the Angara Fe province. Roslyakov and others, 1960; Momdzhi and others, 1976; Vakjhrushev and others, 1976; Strakhov, 1978; Fon-der-Flaas, 1981; Pukhnarevich, 1986; Geological Structure of the USSR, 1987; Seminsky and others, 1994; Speshilov and others, written commun., 1987. Russia O 48 8 Korshunovskoe 56 32 N 56.5333333333333 104§ 08 E 104 Fe Trap-related Fe skarn (Angara-Ilim type) Large Resources of 637 million tonnes ore grading 26% Fe to depth of 1200 m. Angaro-Ilimskiy Consists of a stockwork (with plan dimensions of 2,400 by 700 m) composed of four partly merged layers that contain variable amount of hematite and martite in upper layers, calcite and magnetite in middle layers and halite and magnetite in lower layers. In the first type of deposit, the major minerals are magnetite, pyroxene, chlorite and minor epidote. Lesser minerals are amphibole, serpentine, calcite and garnet and rare quartz, apatite and sphene. Deposit minerals occurs in oolite, druses, masses and disseminations. In the second type pf deposit, the calcite increases to 20 to 30% and deposit minerals occur in nets, streaks, disseminations and layers. In the third type of deposit, halite, amphibole and Mn-magnetite are more abundant and the deposit minerals occur in incrustates and streaks. All deposits contain pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Magnetitite-rich deposits are polygenic-hydrothermal-metasomatic deposits, skarns are associated with magmatic intrusion and rare metamatite-martite deposits are hypergenic. Host rock is Early Carboniferous limestone, Ordovician salt-bearing rock and Permian through Triassic tuffaceous sandstone. Antipov, 1960: Vakhrushev and others, 1976; Momdzhi, 1976; Strakhov, 1978; Geological structure of USSR, 1987; Fon-der-Flaas, 1981; Seminsky and others, 1994; B.P. Fitsl and others, written commun., 1995. Russia O 48 9 Ponomarjovskoye 58 39 N 58.65 104 48 E 104.8 Fe Trap-related Fe skarn (Angara-Ilim type) Small Prospected reserves 81 milliont/, with Fe content from 18-50% Angaro-Ilimskiy Consists of 6 bodies of NW and NE strike (50-750x13.5-25.0 m) confined to steeply-dipping zone of faults crossing volcanic pipe (1200 x 1400 m). Major deposit minerals: magnteite, martite, rare hematite. Deposit mineral assemblages are calcite-magnetite and serpentine-calcite-magnetite. The zone of oxidation occurs to 100 m depth. The pipe occurs in clastic and carbonate rock (Cambrian through Permian); it is filled with tuffaceouys formations of Triassic, skarns and altered dikes of diabases. Deposit occurs in SW part of the Siberian platform. Strakhov, 1976; Romanchenko, written commun., 1983; Nikulin and others, 1989. Russia O 49 1 Chuyskoye 58 25 N 58.4166666666667 113 26 E 113.433333333333 Muscovite Feldspathoids Muscovite pegmatite Large Largest mica-bearing site of the Mamsky province with 73 prospected veins. Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of 4 pegmatite fields (Chuisky, Dovgakitsky, Mochikitsky, Rybachinsky) controlled by the same named granite-migmatite domes. The clusters of pegmatite veins occur along the zones of reverse strike faults. Plagiopegmatites are contained in large branching occurrences, kalifeldspar pegmatites in crossing dike-like bodies and net-like zones. The dimensions of bodies vary in a wide range (20 - 1000 x 1 - 40 x 100 - 200 m); the composition is primarily kalispar-plagioclase, rarely plagioclase; type of mineralization muscovite-quartz, rarely fractures and pegmatoid. The hosting rocks are represented by plagiogneisses, schists, quartzites and crystalline limestones (PR2). Granites (PR2 -PZ1) are pegmatite-bearing. The deposit occurs on the extreme SW flank of the Mamsky muscovite province. Chesnokov, 1975; Sokolov, 1959 and 1960; Vasilieva, 1960, 1963 and 1983; Vasilieva and Sychev, 1966; Andreev, 1959, 1969. Russia O 49 2 Vitimskoye 58 13 N 58.2166666666667 113 26 E 113.433333333333 Muscovite Kyanite, feldspathoid Muscovite pegmatite Large Reserves comprise 12% of mica in the Mama-Chuya region. Medium-sized veins predominate. Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of 130 veins located in 4 pegmatite fields controlled by the shear zones and flat-lying flexure folds. The dimensions of veins vary in length from 20 to 1000 m, in thickness from 1 to 30 m (average 10 m) and from 100 to 150 m over dipping. Crossing dike and tube veins are dominant, concordant and bedded veins are rare. The basic composition is plagioclase-microcline, rare plagioclase, quartz-muscovite pegmatite, in some cases fractured. Major minerals are plagioclase, quartz, microcline muscovite, rare biotite, beryl, clevelandite. The host rock is disthene and mica schist, gneiss (Mesoproterozoic), pegmatite-bearing granitoids (Mesoproterozoic-early Paleozoic). In structural plan the deposit occurs in the extreme NE flank of the Mama muscovite province. Drugov and Karpov, 1975; Zavalishin and Lvova, 1954; Kremlyakov, 1966, 1969. Russia O 49 3 Bolshoye Severnoye 58 01 N 58.0166666666667 113 22 E 113.366666666667 Muscovite Kyanite, feldspathoids Muscovite pegmatite Medium Reserves of about one thousand tonnes. Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of a series of pegmatite veins (20 - 200 x 15 x 10 - 100 m) both of concordant layers and transverse crossing and diagonal-crossing types. Pegmatites are two-feldspar, micatization if quartz-muscovite. Major minerals: muscovite, quartz, microcline, plagioclase; rarely biotite; minor ones: garnet, apatite, tourmaline. The inner structure of veins is zonal. The depositoccursin the granitized core oof a large anticline composed of gigantic migmatites. It is located in the NE part of Mamsky mica-bearing province located in the Mamsky zone of shearing. The hosting rocks are represented by micaceous gniesses and and crystalline schists (PR2). Makaraov, 1937; Sokolov, 1959; Timofeev, 1961; Kremlyakov, 1962; Morakhovsky, 1966. Russia O 49 4 Lugovka 58 04 N 58.0666666666667 112 54 E 112.9 Muscovite Feldspatoids, kyanite Muscovite pegmatite Large Reserves are 150 kg/m3 of large-scale muscovite with a raw muscovite content of 100-300 kg/m3. Contains up 14% of total mica in Mamsky mica-bearing province. Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of two pegmatite fields and a series of veins that occur along a sublatitudinal tectonic zone and associated shear folds. Vein dimensions vary from small (920-50 x 1-5 m) to very large (200-500 x 10-30 m), at depth of 115 m. The vein are concordant and form plates crosscutting pipes. Locally, the veins occur in clusters of extensive veins. Main types are plagioclase-microcline pegmatite, quartz-muscovite and pegmatite, plagioclase pegmatite and fractured biotite-muscovite (pegmatite). Host rock is. Mesoproterozoic two mica gneiss and schist. Veins are associated with Mesoproterozoic to early Paleozoic granite. Deposit occurs in the central part of the Mamsky muscovite province. Twenty-two veins are mined. Zavalishin, Chesnokov, 1960; Verkhozin and Kochnev, 1979; Kochnev,1966, 1968, 1971; Rudenk and others, 1980. Russia O 49 5 Kolotovskoye 58 01 N 58.0166666666667 113 01 E 113.000277777778 Muscovite Kyanite, feldspathoids Muscovite pegmatite Large Not available. Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of a large field pf 150 pegmatite veins of diverse forms: widespread crossing and longitudinal dikes and rare pipes and veins. Crossing bodies vary from 50 to 150 m long, locally extending 1500 m, 2-15 m thick. Concordant bodies are 20-100 m and 2-10 m. Crossing veins composed of microcline and two-feldspar pegmatite and concordant veins are composed of plagioclase pegmatite. Deposit minerals occur in in crossing veins includes quartz muscovite and rare pegmatoid muscovite, in concordant veins it is quartz muscovite.Host rock is mica gneiss and disthen-bearing schist (Mesoproterozoic), pegmatite-producing are granite (Mesoproterozoic to early Paleozoic). Deposit occurs in NE part of the Mamsky mica-bearing province, on the southern end of the Mamsky synclinorium; the deposit-enclosing structures are gently-lying flexure folds, zones of schistosity and strike-slip shears. Altgausen, 1934; Petrovskaya, 1941; Dvorkin-Samarsky, 1961; Sokolov, 1970; Kochnev and others, 1971. Russia O 49 6 Komsomolsko-Molodezhnoye 57 46 N 57.7666666666667 112 29 E 112.483333333333 Muscovite Muscovite pegmatite Small Small and average-sized ore bodies. Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of a series of small concordant layered pegmatite veins (15-150 x 2-15 x 10-80 m) having plagioclase-microlcline composition. The type of micatization is basically quartz-muscovite, rare pegmatoid. Mineral composition: quartz, plagioclase, microcline, muscovite, rare biotite, tourmaline. Enclosing rock include two-mica gneiss, schist and limestone (Mesoproterozoic). Granite (Mesoproterozoic to early Paleozoic) is pegmatite-bearing Deposit is confined to a large horst-anticline and occurs on SE end of the Mamsky mica-bearing province. Suchkov, 1961; Tarasov and others, 1975. Russia O 49 7 Synnyrskoye 56 56 N 56.9333333333333 111 31 E 111.516666666667 Apatite Magmatic and metasomatic apatite Large Grade of 5-10-80% apatite. Synnyrskiy Occurs in the Synnyrsky zoned massif of alkaline and nepheline syenite and in an associated large zone of metasomatite. Deposit consists of two types of apatite-rich areas. (1) one type of area is melanocratic metasomatite composed of combinations of ijolite, faiyialite and mica shonkinite. Individual areas vary from a few cm to several hundred m wide. The second type of area is leucocratic, simplektite synnyrite metasomatite that ranges up to tens of m2. The mirmektite structure of synnyrite consists of intergrowths of K-feldspar, kaliophilite, K nepheline and biotite that replaces host rock. Apatite-rich areas in melanocratic metasomatite consist of pyroxene, biotite and apatite with traces of orthoclase, nepheline, plagioclase, magnetite (locally up to 10-20%) and sphene. High-grade areas contains up to 80% apatite and low-grade areas contain about 5-10% apatite. Apatite-rich areas in synnyrite are manly apatite composition with orthoclase, biotite, pyroxene and magnetite. Grade is 70-80% apatite. Deposit is interpreted as forming during rifting. Arkhangelskaya, 1964. Russia O 49 8 Kholodninskoye 56 13 N 56.2166666666667 109 49 E 109.816666666667 Pb, Zn Cu, Ag, Cd, As, Sb Volcanogenic-hydrothermal-sedimentary massive sulfide Pb-Zn (ñCu) Large Grade of 4.0-6.3% Zn, 0.5-1.7% Pb, 0.02-0.05% Cu, 80-100 ppm Cd, 200-500 ppm As, 30-50 ppm Sb. Olokitskiy Consists of a series of steeply-dipping, lenticular, rhythmic and thin-layered bodies of massive pyrite and polymetallic sulfides. Deposit extends up to 7 to 8 km. Host rock consist of alternating beds of graphite-mica-carbonate-siliceous schist (tens to some hundred m thick) and porphyroblastic rock. Also occurring is skarn with masses and disseminations of galena, sphalerite, and pyrite, and layered sulfides. Host rock is alternating layers of graphite-siliceous schist. The main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Pyrite is dominant, and sphalerite and galena are widespread, and chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite occur in veins. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and graphite. Deposit contains layered sulfide bodies that formed during hydrothermal and sedimentary activity, and recrystallized sulfides that formed during prograde metamorphism to amphibolite facies, and crossing veinlets and disseminations that formed during retrograde metamorphism. Also occurring are metamorphosed dikes and stocks of gabbro, diabase, and lamprophyre. Host rock is altered to graphite and chlorite. Deposit is interpreted as forming in the Riphean at about 1,000 to 740 Ma in association with bimodal volcanism. Distanov E.G, 1977; Distanov E.G, Kovalev, 1995, 1996. Russia O 49 9 Sogdiondonskoye 57 42 N 57.7 112 10 E 112.166666666667 Muscovite Muscovite pegmatite Unknown Rare large veins are prevalent Mamsko-Chuiskiy Consists of a series of veins (20-300 x 1-25 x 150 m) of various shape with predominant cross-cutting veins and dikes controlled by sublatitudinal fractures zones and flexures. Deposit consists of plagioclase-microcline pegmatite and quartz-muscovite pegmatitel. Host rock is mica schist and gneiss (Mesoproterozoic), pegmatite-bearing granitoids (Mesoproterozoic-early Paleozoic). Deposit is controlled by the Chuya-Sludianka structural zone and occurs in place of its intersection with granite and migmatite dome occurring in the NW and central parts of the Mamsky muscovite province. Semenenko, 1948; Ignatova, 1957; Chesnokov, 1966; Tyurin, 1966, 1967; Galkin, 1969. Russia O 50 1 Murunskoe 58o 22' N 58.0333333333333 119o11'E 119.183333333333 Charoite Charoite metasomatite Large Not available. Charskiy Deposit of charoitite and charoite rock and consists of breccia, vein, and crossing bodies with dimensions from a few cm to several tens of m. Occurs in Archean and Proterozoic in phenitized gneiss, quartz sandstone, and dolomite. The charoite rock is a typical metasomatic formation. Deposit consists of charoite stone of diverse lilac shades, locally brownish and colorless. The color results from solid solution of Mn in structure of mineral. As to chemical composition, charoite is close to kanasite (Na, K)5 Ca4[()H, F)3]Si10025, but is different in predominance of K over Na. In addition, charoite has traces of Ba and Sr. Mineral composition of charoite rock is fairly diverse varying from practically monomineral charoite composed of 90-95% charoite mineral, to the rock in that charoite is one of rock-forming minerals, along with aegirine, pectolite, poassic feldspar, quartz, tinaxite, fedorite, kanasite and calcite. Total of 50 different minerals occur in charoite rock. Formation of these rock is related to ultrapotassic alkaline syenite that is the final phase of the Murun intrusive massif. Konev and others, 1996. Russia O 50 10 Sakinskoye 56 35 N 56.5833333333333 118 42 E 118.7 Cu Ag Sediment-hosted Cu Large Average grade of 0.74% Cu. Uguy-Udokanskiy Occurs in hinge and SE edge of the Sakinsky syncline. The host is the middle part of the Upper Sakukansky subsuite (650 m) and the lowermost part of the Naminginsky Suite (250 m) of the Udokan serisd, Paleoproterozoic. The suite consists of variagated sandstone, aleurolite and argillite of the molassa formation of the coastal-marine,flood-lagoon, on-land-deltaic facies. The Cu minerals are low-grade to economic through entire cross-section. Bodies consist of steeply-dipping (50-80o) layered and lenticular occurrencs of abundant deposit minerals. The dimensions of occurrences are 12000 x 1-3 m.The occurrences are divided by sequencs of barren rock, 100-300 m thick. The bodies are composed of quartzite. The major deposit minerals are bornite, chalcocite, rare chalcopyrite and pyrite. Deposit minerals are disseminated. On the surface sulfides are oxidized. Chechetkin and others, 1985; Volodin, Chechetkin and others, 1994. Russia O 50 11 Udokanskoye 56 34 N 56.5666666666667 118 30 E 118.5 Cu Ag, Au, Tl, S Sediment-hosted Cu Large Grade of 1.86-2.43% Cu, 13.6 ppm Ag, 0.51 ppm Au. Resource of 1,200 million tonneds grading 2% Cu. Uguy-Udokanskiy The structure of the deposit consists of the Sakukansky quartzite with interbeds of thin-layered ferruginous sandstone 1400-1500 m thick and Naminginsky siltstone with interbedded of sandstone and shale, 300-500 m thick. Units are intruded by Paleoproterozoic Udokan Complex, granite of the Krmensky massif and dikes of gabbro and diabase, lapmprophyre, quartz porphyry. The Cu sequence occurs in the uppermost part of the Sasukansky Suite, concordantly with host rock and consists of quartz sandstone with interbeds and lenses of quartz-carbonate sandstone, siltstone and argillite with Cu sulfides and oxide-carbonate minerals. Deposit occurs in a trough that is 21.4 km deep in central part with thickness on the northern edge of 150-200 m, on the southern edge of 3 m. Deposit contains chalcocite masses (sequences of some tens m thick, average 2.3 Cu%), and and nests and disseminated beds with thickness of 6 m with 1.5-4% Cu, covellite-calcocite-bornite masses in some layers 0.5-1 m thick inn quartz-carbonate sandstone 0.5-3% Cu, chalcopyrite in interbeds 0.2-0.3 cm and disseminations in quartz and quartz-carbonate sandstone. Boundaries deposit not defined. Nine deposits extend for 14,870 m with average thickness of 22 m. Also occurring are quartz veins with bornite, covellite, rare calcocite and malachite. Chechetkin and others, 1985; Kirkham and others, 1994; Volodin and others, 1994; Chechetkin and others, 1995; Starostin, 1998. Russia O 50 12 Chineyskoye 56 28 N 56.4666666666667 118 43 E 118.716666666667 Fe, Ti V, PGE, Ni, Co, Au Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Large Grade of 0.40-16.75% Cu, 0.1-72.0 ppm Pt; 1-255 ppm Pd; 0.15-9.60 ppm Au, 0.027-0.260% Ni; 0.005-0.01% Co. Uguy-Udokanskiy Occurs along contact of the Chineisly stratified gabbro and anorthosite pluton in the Chiney complex (2300-1800 Ma) with sedimentary metamorphic rocks of the Early Proterozoic age. Deposit extends for 13.7 km and has an inhomogeneous structure with four sites varying in from 0.5 to 6.2 km. Rich Cu sulfides occur in (1) thin laminated titanium-magnetite ores; (2) highly alkaline rocks in the endocontact of the pluton; (3) leucogabbro; (4) sandstone; (5) skarn; and (6) tectonic zones. Chalcopyrite is predominant (90%). Occurring are endocontact disseminations (pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite, pyrite-chalcopyrite) and exocontact disseminations and masses (pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite, bornite-chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite). Ores minerals are pentlandite, sphalerite, minerals of linneite, arsenides, sulfoarsenides. Disseminated Cu sulfides (1-3%) occurs in all varieties units of the Chineisky massif. Melnikova and others, 1983; Gongalsky and others, 1995. Russia O 50 13 Ledyanoe 56ø10' 56.1666666666667 119ø30' 119.5 Au Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Ranging from 11.7-30 g/t Au. Kalar-Stanovoy Occurs in shear zone and quartz vein and zones in blastomylonite that cut retrograded Paleoproterozoic gabbro and anorthosite, leucocratic anorthosite and rare melanocratic anorthosite, charnockite and pegmatoid granitoid. The veins vary from 0.2 to 0.5 to 4 m thick and are 2 km long. Deposit occurs in an area with dimensions 6 by 3 km. The veins are concordant with blastomylonite and dip both steeply S and N. Wallrock blastomylonite is cut by quartz and carbonate veinlets that comprise 15 to 30% rock volume. The veins consist of white saccharoidal cavernous quartz and sulfides (pyrite and rare chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotine) that comprise 5% rock volume. Glukhovsky and others, 1993; Koshelev and Chechyotkin, 1996; Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia O 50 14 Chineiskoye 56 29 N 56.4833333333333 118 33 E 118.55 Ti, Fe Cu, V, PGE, Ni, Co, Au Mafic-ultramafic related Ti-Fe (V) Large Average grade of 4.9% TiO2, 25.7% Fe; 0.56% Cu, 0.34% V205, 12.5 ppm PGE. Uguy-Udokanskiy Deposit is located in the Chineisky horiozontally layered gabbro-norite massif (2300-1800 Ma) of lopolite-like shape. Massif is about 15 km long, 708 km wide. Highly-titanium gabbroids occupy 85% and are subdivided into two series: iron ore with maximum thickness 1000 m and leucograbbro thickness to 1500 m. The iron ore series contains 5 sequences with thickness varying within first hundred meters. They are composed of titanium magnetites with pyroxenes and anorthosites. Two promising sites: Vershino-Ingamakit and Verkhne-Chineysky. The first one is characterized by diseminated ores (titanium magnetite contributes to thin layering) and massive, thin (0.5 m) interbeds in association anorthosites. 8 ore bodies are distinguished. They are grouped into ore-bearing sequence of 100-700 m thick and 10-12 km in extent (visible thickness 1.5-3.0). Thickness of some ore bodies from 2 to 200 m, average 20-80 m. On Verkhniy Chiney predominant are vein and lense-like bodies of massive ores, from 5.7 to 26.5 m thick. The entire ore-bearing sequence varies in thickness from 400 m 4.5 km. Major ore minerals titanomagnetite (90-99%) and ilmenite (to 5%) with a small amount chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, bornite, pentlandite, arsenides of cobalt, sphene, hematite, limonite etc.; non-metalliferous - botite, amphibole, garnet. Petrusevich, 1946; Belova, 1980; Melnikova and others, 1983; Konnikov, 1986; Gongalsky and Krivolutskaya, 1993; Gongalsky and others, 1995; Skursky, 1996. Russia O 50 15 Sulbanskoye 56 50 N 56.8333333333333 117 26 E 117.433333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Up to 17 ppm Cu and Au./ Uguy-Udokanskiy Deposit occurs in Kodaro-Udokan trough in metamorphosed sedimentary rock (metasandstone, metaquartzite, shale, phyllite) of the Alexandrovsky Suite that refers to flishoid formation of the Udokan series (Paleoproterozoic). The entire Alexandrovsky sequence is host through thickness 1200-1400 m. It contains three host layers with thickness from from first to tens m, divided by barren rock varying in thickness from 200 to 900 m. The host horizons encompass 1-2 bodies of layered and lense-nest shape with thickness 1-3 m. The structure of bodies includes quartzite. Major deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrrhotite, rare chalcocite and Ni. Pyrrhotite is concentrated in the upper parts of host horizons. Deposit is cupriferous sandstone with pyrite. Cupriferous sandstones...", 1966; Truvachev, 1980; Chechetkin and others, 1985; Volodin and others, 1994; Skursky, 1966. Russia O 50 16 Pravo-Ingamakitskoye 56 25 N 56.4166666666667 118 34 E 118.566666666667 Cu Ag Sediment-hosted Cu Large Average grade is economic. Uguy-Udokanskiy Occurs in the Kodaro-Udokan trough in the Tchitkandinsky Suite of flysch formation, Udokan series (Paleoproterozoic). The lower subsuite (thickness 1000-1100 m) consists of oligomictic, rare calcareous sandstone and aleurolite. Its upper part contains the layer of cupriferous sandstone, 15 m thick. The middle subsuite (thicknss 360-400 m) consists of oligomictic and calcareous sandstone, aleurosandstone and siltstone. Its lower part contains the layer of supriferous sandstone, thickness 15-20 m. The upper subsuite (thickness 400 m) consists of sandstone, aleurosandstone and shale. Lenses and beds extend for 900-1120 m with thickness 30 m. Major deposit minerals are chalcocite, bornite, chalcopryrite; minor ones: pyrite, pyrrhotite, ilmenite, tennantite, graphite. Symmetrical vertical zonation (from bottom to to): pyrite-chalcopyrite-bornite (calcocite)-chalcopyrite-pyrite. Cupriferous sediemnts..., 1966; Chechtkin and others, 1985; Apolsky and others, 1988; Volodin and others, 1994. Russia O 50 17 Burpalinskoye 56 29 N 56.0333333333333 119 40 E 119.666666666667 Cu Ag Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Average grade deposit. Uguy-Udokanskiy Consists of the zone of disseminated sulfides of iron and copper in the LOwer Proterozoic coastal-marine sediments (quartzite-like and calacreous sandstones, siltstones, argillites). The zone strikes for 9 km, 150 m wide. On the SW edge occur a seriees of thin zones of poorly diseeminated sulphides, basically pyrite. Major minerals: pyrite, bornite, charlcopyrite, white and blue calcite; sparcely spread - pyrrhotite, markasite, sphalerite, galena, hematite, native silver; rare - magnetite, ilmenite, arsenopyrite, grey ore, molybdenite, cassiterite, etc. The ore-bearing sequence and ore rocks are disrupted by the dike of gabbro-diabases, in plcaes it occurs concordantly with hosting rocks.Thickness varies from 20 to 200 m, extentds for 1 lm. The sulfide copper mineralization is concentrated in two ore layers. 6 layered and lense-like ore bodies are distinguished. The major ore layer extends for 3 km with thickness from 3 to 42 m (on average 8-11 m), the composition of ore is made of bornite, calcocite, chalcopyrite. The second ore layer extends for 5 km with thickness 2-70 m, with predominance of chalcopyrite. The copper-bearing layer has zonation: from bottom upwards calcocite-bornite ores are replaced by bornite, then chalcopyrite and finally pyrite with gradual transitions in between. Mineralized hosting rocks are intensely silicified, seriticised, scapoliticised and albitised. Narkelyun and others, 1968; Aksenova and others, 1969; Chechetkin and others, 1985; Apolsky and others, 1988. Russia O 50 18 Verkhne-Sakukanskoye 56 47 N 56.7833333333333 116 57 E 116.95 Au Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 18 ppm Au, 36 ppm Ag. Muiskiy Gold-quartz deposit in gabbros in veins and veinlet zones. About 50 veins occur and extend for 80-400 m and range up 0.5-3 m thick. Thickness of veinlet zones about a few tens of m, and extend for a few km. Deposit consists of quartz and gold, and lesser sulfides (galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite) and carbonate (ankerite). The age of deposits is late Paleozoic. Koshelev and Chechetkin, 1996; Skutsky, 1996. Russia O 50 19 Molodezhnoye 56 09 N 56.15 115 01 E 115.016666666667 Chrysotile-asbestos Serpentinite-hosted asbestos Large Average grade of 7.7%. asbestos, 15-20% textile grades fibre. Baikalo-Muiskiy Consists of lens-shaped stockwork trending NW, is 760 x 520 m wide and 630 m deep. The stockwork occurs in a Paleoproterozoic layered massif with the same name (0.5 x 5.0 km) that is composed of dunite and harzburgite. The stockwork has concentric zonation: a central part contains an unaltered core (about 350 m) surrounded by zones of variable asbestos content. The largest veinlets of asbestos (50-70 mm, rarely 200 mm) lie in the internal zone 90 m wide. Deposit contains chrysotile-asbestos, magnetite (10-20%), rare brucite, lizardite, nemalite, serpophyte, ophite, magnesite, hydrotalc, et al. Rich parts of deposit contain 31% asbestos, with the yield of high grades of about 20%. Regionally, the massif is confined to the Kelyansky fault zone that occurs along the boundary of the Muysky block. Malyshev, written commun., 1960; Krutsko, 1964; Bashta, 1966; Zamanshikov, Tatarinov and Artemov,1967; Novikova, 1967; Bashta, 1970. Russia O 50 2 Chertovo Koryto 59 28 N 59.4666666666667 114 48 E 114.8 Au Au in black shale Medium Average grade of about 2.6 g/t Au. Tonodskiy Consists of three gently lying stockwork zones conformable with submeridional striking thrust. Zones contain quartz and sulphides in Paleoproterozoic carbonaceous schist and sandstone. Stockwork consists of variably-oriented veins and veinlets in fault zohes and range from 3 to 8 m thick (locally up to 300 m thick). Sulfides occur in quartz veins and enclosing rocks. Main ore minerals are arsenopyrite (0.1-0.5 %), pyrrhotite, and pyrite, and lesser galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite; ilmenite, apatite, rutile, garnet, zircon, and tourmaline. Fineness of gold is 870-904. Deposit occurs in central part of the Tonod uplift in the Patom district. B.V. Antonov and others,wriiten commun., 1967; Ivanov and others, 1995; Kotkin, 1995. Russia O 50 20 Kelyanskoye 56 19 N 56.3166666666667 114 27 E 114.45 Hg Sb Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Large Grade of 0.01-25.1% Hg, 0.1-0.78 Sb. Muiskiy Consists of a series of steeply-dipping zones that occur along a major thrust fault that cuts Early Cambrian dolomite. The zones consist of layers and lenses with dimensions of 160-450 x 2.8-4.0 m. The zones extend for a few tens of km and consist of quartz dolomite breccia that is cemented by veins containing cinnabar. The vein minerals are quartz, calcite, and dolomite, and rare fluorite and barite. The ore minerals are cinnabar, antimonite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Cinnabar is also disseminated in dolomite and in veins. Cinnabar nests occur in areas of disseminations, crossing zones, and fractures. Kiselev, 1968; Demidova, 1976. Russia O 50 21 Katuginskoye 56 18 N 56.3 119 12 E 119.2 Ta, Nb, REE Sr, V, Y Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Large Not available. Uguy-Udokanskiy Consists of microcline-albite-quartz metasomatite with finely disseminated REE minerals. Deposit is divided into two blocks (Western and Eastern) by a NE-striking fault. The eastern block is uplifted 400 m relative to the western block. In plan view, the body is triangular with outcrops elongated to W and SE. The internal structure of metasomatite bodies is conformable with structure of enclosing gneiss and schist. The thickness of metasomatite in Eastern body is 600 m, and in Western body is over 900 m. Mafic mineral assemblages are biotite, biotite-riebeckite, riebeckite-arfvedsonite, arfvedsonite-aegirine, and varieties of microcline-albite-quartz metasomatite. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore, zircon, rare-earth fluorite, gagarinite, and cryolite. The content of pyrochlore increases 10-fold from biotite through arfvedsonite to arfvedsonite-aegirine metasomatite (from 700 to 63,100 ppm). Chemical composition and REE concentrations (Ta, Nb, TR, Zr) indicate a deep, possibly mantle origin of solution forming alkaline metasomatite and associated economic REE deposit. Beskov, 1995; Sobachenko, 1998. Russia O 50 22 Unkurskoye 56 50 N 56.8333333333333 118 34 E 118.566666666667 Cu Ag Sediment-hosted Cu Large Average grade deposit. Uguy-Udokanskiy Occurs in the Unkursky brachysyncline disrupted by gabbros of the Luktursky granitoids of the Kemensky massif and dikes of gabbro and diabases. Two Cu-bearing layers occur in metamorphosed deposits of the Early Sakukansky subsuite (thickness 450-600 m) of the Udokan Complex (Paleoproterozoic) and occur 250 m lower its roof. The layers are composed of carbonate medium-fine-grained and sparse carbonate sandstone and siltstone-argillite rock of the molassa formation. Rhuthmic pattern of these rock is common. The layers are underlain by pyrite-bearing sandstone and siltstone. Bodies recognized from the results of sampling, occur in the central parts of cupriferous layers and have the shape of layered deposits with dimensions 4200-12-50x300 m, locally divided by barren rock. Primary deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, rare chalcocite, magnetite, hematite along with local gray ore, pyrrhotite, ilmenite, native gold and Ag. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations, lenses and nests, veinlets and along cleavage. The distribution of deposit minerals is a symmetric vertical zonation with bornite in the center, chalcopyrite and pyrite on the periphery (top-bottom). Lateral zonation occurs on the SE edge. In the center there is pyrite and chalcopyrite and on the NW edge bornite and chalcopyrite. Economic zones are associated with chalcopyrite-bornite and chalcopyrite zones. Melnichenko and others, 1972; Chechetkin and others, 1985; Volodin and others, 1994. Russia O 50 3 Vysochaishiy 58 45 N 58.75 115 32 E 115.533333333333 Au Au in black shale Medium Average grade of 2.36 ppm Au. Bodaibinskiy Deposit includes a thick (90-210 m) zone of sulphide veinlets and disseminations that extend over 1600 m long. Summary content of sulphides from 0.5 to 5-6%, of that the main ones are pyrite (90-95%) and pyrrhotite (1-4%). rare chalcopyrite. Of minor importance are galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pentlandite, cubanite, marcasite, magnetite and melnikovite. Sulphide is separated as small lenses, veinlets and dispersed disseminations. The abundance of gangues (quartz, carbonates, sericite, chlorite) is low (1-7% veinlet volume). Gold is fine (0.1-0.17 mm), of high finess (810), is confined to pyrite, pyrrhotite and enclosing phyllite. Deposit occurs in the northern hanging wall of sublatitudinal asymmetric fold of the third order about 30 km long, consists of intensely layered phyllite, aleurolite and sandstone (Mesoproterozoic). The core contains limestone; the hinge of fold gently dips eastwards. In regional plan the deposit occurs on the western flank of the narrow linear trough of the second order located in the extreme NE part of the Bodaibo synclinorium composed of the Neoproterozoic sequences subjected to regional metamorphism of the greenschist facies. Buryak, 1959, 1963a, 1963 b;Buryak and Popov, 1969. Russia O 50 4 Sukhoy Log 58 37 N 58.6166666666667 115 15 E 115.25 Au Pt Au in black shale Large Grade of 2.8-3.6 ppm Au and similar grade for Pt. Bodaibinskiy Deposit consists of two types: (1) quartz and sulfide veinlets and disseminations of (75% reserves); and (2) low-sulfide quartz-veins (25% reserves). The first type consists of layered linear stockwork consisting of veinlets and disseminations with pyrite and quartz. Sulfides range from 2 or to 5%, pyrite is abundant (95%). Rare minerals are galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, millerite and cubanite. Au is very fine-grained (0.1-0.14 mm) and fineness is 780-820. Gold occurs in cracks in pyrite and rarely in arsenopyrite. The second type consists of 22 quartz veins with complicated morphology and occurs on the western edge of the deposit. This type consists of coarse-crystalline quartz (90-95%), pyrite (1-3%), carbonates (siderite, ankerite, dolomite, calcite) and pseudomorphs of limonite after pyrite. Also occurring are rare muscovite, chlorite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite. Gold is intergrown with pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and galena. Pt grade increases with sulfide content. The Sukhoy Log deposit occurs in the central part of a 3rd order anticline with sublatitudinal strike. The anticline core contains Neoproterozoic black shale alternating with limestone and quartz sandstone that are metamorphosed to greenschist facies. Kazakevich, 1959; Popov, 1969; Kazakevich, 1963; Kotkin, 1968, 1975; Buriak, 1969, 1975; Lobanov and others, 1976; Inshin and Gerasimova, 1977; Konovalov, 1985; Sher and Mitrofanov and others, 1998. Russia O 50 5 Olondo 57ø05' 57.0833333333333 119ø44' 119.733333333333 Au Ag, Pt Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 3-5 g/t Au, up to 2.5 g/t Pt. West Aldan Consists of quartz veins and massive carbonate-amphibole-quartz-sulfide metasomatite zones cutting metamorphosed ultramafic rock in the Olondo greenstone belt. Au content of the metavolcanic host rock increases with intensity of metasomatism to a maximum of 0.2 to 0.5 g/t. The sulfide bodies vary in thickness from a few centim to 10-15 m and are steeply-dipping. Several areas in the Olondo greenstone belt are marked by higher concentrations of platinum-group elements in laminated gabbro and diabase, quartz-magnetite-cummingtonite schist and diaphthorite of mafic to ultramafic composition. Total Pt content of some samples runs to 2.5 g/t. Popov and others, 1990; Zhizhin and others, 1994; Popov and others, 1997; Smelov and Nikitin, in press. Russia O 50 6 Charskoye 57 12 N 57.2 118 40 E 118.666666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Average grade of 28% Fe. Uguy-Udokanskiy Consists of a large number of deposits of ferrous quartzites (Sulumatsky, Nizhne Sakukansky, Sakunnyrsky et al.), each consisting of a few steeply dipping occurrences (550-1950 x 4.5-178 x 1000 m) of magnetite-hematite layers in linear zones of submeridional strike (24 - 40 x 0.9 km). The average thickness of magnetite bodies is about 57 m. Rich magnetite-hematite bodies consist of: magnetite (30-40%), hematite (5-15%), quartz (20-65%) and silicate (hornfeld, garnet, kummingtonite, hypersthene, diopside, epidote). The content (%): FeO - 14.24; FeO - 14.24; Fe203 - 22.21; TiO2 - 0.11; V205 - 0/03. The grade of total iron in concentrate is 68.5%. Poor magnetite-hematite have low content of magnetite (less than 10%) and essentially schistose composition (grunerite, hypersthene, fayalite, almandine, hornblende); contents (%): FeO - 40-50, Fe203 - 3-4; Mn0 over 2; harmful admixtures: S - 0.01-0.08, P about 0.1. Structurally, the deposits occur in a near-fault trough filled with metamorphosed volcanogenic and terrigenous rocks of the Proterozoic, which experienced repeated granitization and ferrous-siliceous metasomatism. The deposits are located in the western part of the Aldan crystalline shield within the southern flank of the Chara-Tokka iron ore region. Babkin and others, 1977; Glagolev and Myznikov, 1990; Kudryavtsev and others, 1979; Mironjuk and others, 1971; Petrov, 1976; Shakhov, 1969; Myznikov, 1995; Devi and others, written commun.,1979. Russia O 50 7 Krasnoye 56 48 N 56.8 119 01 E 119.016666666667 Cu Co, Mo, Ag. Bi Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Average grade. Uguy-Udokanskiy Occurs in the sedimentary rock of Chitkandisnky Suite (thickness 400 m) of the Udokan seris of the Paleoproterozoic. The suite consists of variagated-colored sandstone, aleurolite and argillite, is interpreted as flishoid formation. Bodies consist of rich layered and lenticular occurrences of great thickness (1-25 m), concordant with host rock. The extent of Cu-bearing thickness 7500-1000 m. Seventeen en-echelon deposit mineral-bearing layers of various thickness and extent occur. The highest concentrations of Cu are commonly confined to the lower parts of these horizons. Major deposit minerals: chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bornite; rare chalcosite and pyrite, secondary-magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, hematite; rare-scheelite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite et al. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations and laminae and are designated cupriferous sandstone type with pyrite. Pyrrhotite is concentrated in the upper parts of the deposit. On the surface, sulfides are oxidized with formation of malachite, azurite and hydrohoetite. Crossing sulfide bodies (0.5-1.0 m) are lenticular and consist of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, marcasite, pyrite and non-metalliferous minerals. Feoktistov, 1966; Cupriferous sediments..., 1966; Trubachev, 1980; and others, 1985. Russia O 50 8 Dogaldynskoe 58 13 N 58.2166666666667 114 43 E 114.716666666667 Au Pt Au in black shale Small Resources of 2.9 tonnes Au. Average grade of in ore pillars 8.5 ppm Au. Bodaibinskiy Consists of a large quartz saddle-like vein of about 2 km long (economic part makes up 560 m. The vein is the monominetal quartz aggregate (93-97%) with insignificant amounts of ankerite, siderite, calcite, sericite, rarely apatite, chlorite, albite. Of sulfides there occur pyrite (1-4%), rarely galenite, chalcopyrite; smaller amounts of pyrrhotite, sfalerite, arsenopyrite and gray ores. Gold is very fine (900-950), gold particles are large, irregularly distributed. Ore pillars are linear (160x20m). Au is confind to salband veins. The vein occurs in the interlayered crack of shearing, in the hinge part of the anticline of NW strike having gently lying hinge. Thicknes of vein: in the hinge 10-15 m; on the wings 0.5-1.5 m; in NE direction the vein is traced to the depth over 350 m (at angle of dipping 40-50%), in the SW to 30-50 m (at angles 75-85o). The deposit occurs in the southern part of the Bodaibo sunclinorium located in the axial part of the Alexander-Dogaldyn anticlinroium (Artemovsky ore field) clomposed of massive sanfstone sequencs alternated with thin layers of carbonaceous shales (PR3). Nikolaeva, 1961; Sher, Kondratenko, 1962; Buriak, 1969. Russia O 50 9 Tarynnakh 58ø19' 58.3166666666667 119ø17' 119.283333333333 Fe,Au Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Resources of 2 billion tonnes grading 28.1% Fe. West Aldan Consists of three deposits separated by gneissose granite, gneiss and schist of varying composition. Deposits are dominated by fine-grained hornblende-actinolite-magnetite ferruginous quartzite. Cummingtonite-magnetite, chlorite-magnetite and magnetite varieties also occur. Fe quartzite is interlayered with biotite-quartz and muscovite-sericite-quartz schist (locally with garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, and, andalusite) and quartzite in units ranging up to 1.4 to 3.3 km thick, as well as with amphibole-plagioclase schist and amphibolite that is 0.5 to 7 m wide and granitoid as thick as 0.2 to 8 m. Units are metamorphosed to epidote-amphibolite facies at moderate pressures. Deposits extend for 22.5 km and have a thickness of 330 m. Deposits dip predominantly W at high angles (60 to 90ø). The structure of the bodies is mainly controlled by sublongitudinal faults. Bilanenko and others, 1986;Gorelov and others, 1984; Akhmetov, 1983; Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 51 1 Seligdar 58 36 N 58.6 125 11 E 125.183333333333 P Apatite carbonatite Large Reserves of 1,616 million tonnes grading 6.72% P2O5. Nimnyr Consists of apatite in an asymmetric carbonatite stock with dimensions of 2 by 1.02 km. At depth of 1.6 km, the stock narrows to a few hundred square m. The stock contains carbonatite composed of: apatite and carbonate; apatite, quartz and carbonate; martite, apatite, quartz and carbonate; martite, apatite and carbonate; and quartz. Occurring in the periphery are apatite-quartz-feldspar metasomatite and tourmaline-K-feldspar-quartz metasomatite. Both early and late-stage carbonatite occur. The early carbonatite occurs in veins, vein zones and stockworks in a mafic complex and in crystalline basement of the Aldan-Stanovoy shield. Thickness of the veins varies from a few centim to 30 to 40 m and the length varies from a few m to 500 m and rarely up to 1.5 km. The early carbonatite is mainly calcite-rich with lesser feldspar, magnetite, serpentine, phlogopite and apatite. The late carbonatite occur in dikes and stocks that intrude the early carbonatite and consists of dolomite, anhydrite, apatite, quartz, chlorite and lesser barite. Martite also occurs along with rare tourmaline, fluorite, sulfates and apatite. A typical lithology consists of apatite-silica-altered rock with hematite that resembles jaspilite. Smirnov, 1982; Entin and others, 1991. Russia O 51 10 Usuu 57 51 57.85 120ø14' 120.233333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Small Not available. Uguy-Udokan Consists of Cu occurrences in the Goruoda Formation that extends for 25 km along the eastern flank of the Uguy Basin. The formation exhibits lagoonal and bar facies. Three thick horizons of Cu deposits occur. The lower horizon contains carbonate rock and sandstone. Deposit consists of rare Cu-sulfides in disseminations. The middle horizon contains quartz sandstone-bearing and more abundant Cu-sulfides in disseminations. Thickness of the horizon ranges locally up to 60 m with Cu grades of up to 1%. The upper horizon contains disseminated Cu-sulfides in brecciated sandy dolomite and cross-bedded sandstone with a carbonate matrix. The upper horizon is 84 m thick and Cu grade is 0.11 to 1%. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocine and pyrite, with subordinate magnetite and hematite and rare fahlore, covellite, galena and native copper. Hypergeneic malachite, azurite and chrysocolla also occur. Davydov and Chiryaev, 1986. Russia O 51 11 Dagda 57ø14' 57.2333333333333 121ø04' 121.066666666667 Fe, Al Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Resources of 100 million tonnes ore. West Aldan Consists of several bodies of poor (10-25% magnetite) Fe quartzite. The deposit occurs in amphibole and amphibole-plagioclase schist and amphibolite of Late Archean age. Thickness of the orebodies varies from 0.5 to 1.3 m, the length is 0.2-1.0 km. In an area of 400 by 1200 m in the district, numerous clasts of rich (30-70% magnetite) cummingtonite-magnetite quartzite were found. Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 51 12 Pravokabaktanskoe 56ø41' 56.6833333333333 122ø31' 122.516666666667 Au Ag, Cu, Pb Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.003-1.5 g/t Au, 10 g/t Ag, 2% Cu, 0.1% Pb, 0.001%) As. Eastern continuation of the zone contains sulfide-quartz veins from 0.4-0.8 m thick with up to 10 g/t Au. Kalar-Stanovoy Consists of a linear stockwork of actinolite-chlorite-plagioclase blastomylonite saturated with quartz veins and veinlets varying from a few millim to a few m in thickness. The veins are hosted by Late Archean diaphthoric and silica-altered rock of mafic to ultramafic composition metamorphosed to the granulite facies. Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 51 2 Perekatnoe 58ø19' 58.3166666666667 124ø20' 124.333333333333 piezoquartz Piezoquartzite Large Not available. Upper Aldan Consists of piezoquartz quartzite in high-alumina gneiss and mafic schist. The rock crystal deposits tend to occur at rupture intersections and in fold flexures and periclines. They form single veins that range from 0.5 to 2 m thick and 20 to 30 m long and veins that range from 1 to 30 m thick with an average of 5 to 15 m and lengths of a few tens of m to 400 m, with an average of 100 to 200 m. Most important are pipe veins and stockworks that are a few tens of m across. The veins consist of rock crystal or smoky quartz, clay in voids, and K-feldspar, and rare crystals of hematite, chlorite, sericite, tourmaline, albite, epidote and adularia. Rock crystals occur on void walls or in lower parts of the voids in clay. The voids occur in quartz veins, at contacts of veins and the host rock, or in adjacent host rock that is altered to sericitie, chlorite and epidote. Deposits cut Paleoproterozoic metadiabase dikes and rock crystal clasts occur in Vendian conglomerate. The veins have K-Ar isotopic ages of 1830 to 1750 Ma. Dorofeev and others,1979. Russia O 51 3 Tayozhnoe 2 57 46 N 57.7666666666667 125 26 E 125.433333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 1.2 billion tonnes grading 20-60% Fe with average grade of 39.8% Fe, 2.12% S, 0.1% P2O5. Dyos-Leglier Deposit horizon iis 200 m thick and consists of magnetite skarn, Mg skarn, amphibole-diopside rock, Paleoproterozoic coarse-grained marble and biotite gneiss with an isotopic age of 2.3 to 2.1 Ga. Subjacent rock is amphibole gneiss and schist and the overlying rock is high-alumina and quartz gneiss. Metamorphic rock is intruded by metamorphosed ultramafic rock and metagabbro and diorite. Host rock is metamorphosed to granulite facies. In plan the deposit is horseshoe shaped, curved to the NW and in section forms a recumbent synform that dips steeply SW. Concordant and en-echelon deposits are 2 km long and range from 10 to 100 km thick. The major sulfides are pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Some layers contain ludwigite and ascharite. Gangue minerals are diopside, olivine, chinohumite, salite, hornblende and phlogopite in various combinations. Dorofeev, 1979; Bilanenko and others, 1986; Biryul'kin and others, 1990; Biryul'kin and others, 1990; Kovach and others, 1995a, 1995b. Russia O 51 4 Nadyozhnoe, Fyodorovskoe 57ø36' 57.6 125ø05' 125.083333333333 phlogopite, vermiculite Phlogopite skarn Large Resources of about 7,000 tonnes grading 45.1 kg/m3 phlogopite. Tympton Consists of phlogopite occurring in Paleoproterozoic diopside and phlogopite-diopside schist, marble and coarse-grained marble that are metasomatized into coarse-grained phlogopite-diopside skarn with isotopic ages of 1.9 to 1.8 Ga. Deposit occurs on the northern limb of a latitudinal synform, extends for 5 km and ranges from 100 to 150 km wide. Twenty mica-bearing zones occur that are concordant with host rock. The zones vary from 20 to 200 m long and 3 to 12 m thick and consist of skarn with phlogopite, diopside, hornblende, scapolite, apatite and actinolite. Phlogopite forms nests ranging from 0.5 to1 m to 1.5 to 6 m, with an average of 1 to 2 m. Phlogopite rarely occurs in thin veins. Phlogopite content ranges from 15 to 86.9 kg/m3. Almost all deposits are associated diopside-magnetite skarn. Local diopside and diopside-scapolite-plagioclase metasomatite contain molybdenite. Biryul'kin and others, 1990; Kovach and others, 1995a, 1995b. Russia O 51 5 Dyosovskoe 57ø35' 57.5833333333333 124ø32' 124.533333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 700 million tonnes ore, with concentrate grading 66.7% Fe and Mn, and 0.43% Cu and Co. Impurities are 1.11% S, 0.12% P, 0.02% Zn. Dyos-Leglier Consists of Fe skarn extending sublatitudinally for 20 km and varies from 1-3 km wide. Fe ore horizon occurs in three parallel synforms overturned to the N that dip at 30-70ø and are complicated by larger folds and zones of longitudinal thrust and strike-slip faults. Structures causes sharp variations in thickness of ore horizon both along strike and downdip. Thickness of Fe orebodies varies from 1 to 40 m. Diopside-magnetite and serpentine-magnetite are predominate. Deposit is metamorphosed to amphibolite facies. Deposit and host rock contain irregularly distributed pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite in disseminations. Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 51 6 Bugarykta 56ø47' 56.7833333333333 125ø33 125.55 Piezoquartz Piezoquartzite Medium Not available. Upper Aldan Consists of piezo-quartz deposits occuring in quartzite strata associated with high-alumina gneiss and basic schist. The rock crystal deposits tend to occur in places of intersection of rupture dislocations, in flexures and periclines of folds. They form single veins (0.5-2 m thick and 20-30 m long) and vein zones (thickness from 1 to 30m, average 5-15m, length from a few tens of meters to 400 m, average 100-200 m). Most important are pipe veins and stockworks a few tens of meters across. The veins consist of rock crystal or smoky quartz, clayey material infilling voids, K-feldspar, and rare crystals of hematite, chlorite, sericite, tourmaline, albite, epidote, and adular. Rock crystals grow on the walls of the voids or occur in the lower part of the voids amidst the clayey material. The voids are developed inside the quartz veins, at the contacts of the veins and the host rocks, or immediately in the host rocks. The latter are sericitized, chloritized, and epidotized. The deposit is in the central Aldan-Stanovoy shield, within the limits of the Nimnyr charnockite-granite gneiss terrane. Geology of the USSR,1979. Russia O 51 7 Lemochi 57 50 N 57.8333333333333 121 19 E 121.316666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Up to 14.1 g/t Au in metabasalt. Quartz veins and veinlets with up to 8.2 g/t Au. Quartz-tourmaline metasomatites with up to 8.1 g/t Au. Quartz metasomatites with up to8.1 g/t Au. Metagabbro with up to 3.3 g/t Au, in association with low-sulfide quartz veinlets. West Aldan Gold deposit is associated with pyrrhotite-bearing metabasalt, quartz veins and veinlets, quartz-tourmaline and quartz metasomatite, diaphthorite and metagabbro. Bodies range from 0.1 to 1.2 m thick and tend to occur along hinges and limbs of folds and consist of interbeded subparallel plagioclase-quartz veinlets 1 to 5 cm thick. Also occurring are quartz veins and fillings in metasomatized host rock, as well as quartz metasomatite. Gadiyatov and others, 1984; Duk and others, 1986; Gadiyatov, 1992. Russia O 51 8 Nelyuki 57ø40' 57.6666666666667 121ø40' 121.666666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Resources of several hundreds of millions tonnes (to a depth of 500 m) grading 36.11-45.39% Fe, 0.026-0.04% F, trace S. West Aldan Consists of magnetite-bearing quartzite hosted in amphibole, pyroxene-amphibole microgneiss and schist with amphibolite interbeded with biotite, garnet-biotite, garnet-two mica microgneiss and quartzite-gneiss, locally with sillimanite. Two bodies, each 20 m thick, occur, separated by biotite microgneiss as thick as 50-150 m. The bodies extend for 10 km. Structurally, the deposit is a synform complicated by some ruptures displacing the bodies both vertically and horizontally. Kudryavtsev and Akhmetov, 1977; Smelov, 1989;Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 51 9 Kuranakh 59 01 N 59.0166666666667 125 37 E 125.616666666667 Au Au potassium metasomatite (Kuranakh type) Large Production of 7.1 million ounces of gold through 1997 from 74.1 million tonnes of ore grading 3.57 g/t Au. Chara-Aldan Consists of Au-bearing potassium metasomatite that occurs along horizontal Cambrian calcareous rock and Jurassic sandstone where intruded by lamprophyre dikes emplaced along high-angle fault and especially bedding. Host rock is Jurassic arkose, Early Cambrian limestone and dolomite, underlying Precambrian metamorphic basement and abundant Mesozoic plutonic rock. Deposit occurs in subhorizontal sheets that range from a few m to a few tens of m thick and extend for several km along sublongitudinal faults and Mesozoic dikes. Deposit formed during Jurassic and Early Cretaceous intrusion of dike swarms and (or) small plugs and sills of bostonite, microgabbro and minette. Gold deposits are spatially related to dikes that range from pre-mineral to post-mineral in relative age. Several subhorizontal depsoits occur in blankets or ribbons, range up to a few dozen m thick and are located mainly along and (or) above, or under the contact between Cambrian calcareous footwall and overlying Jurassic clastic rock in a long narrow zone that is bounded by several NS-trending faults. The two types of metasomatite are quartz-adularia and quartz replacing adularia. The main metasomatite minerals are quartz, pyrite, marcasite, gold, Ag, native bismuth, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, carbonate and barite. The main part of the Au deposits contain pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite and galena with sulfide comprising only a few percent of rock volume. Deposit is thoroughly oxidized and only a few traces of arsenopyrite and pyrite occur. The Au occurs primarily as grains less than 5 microns thick and usually contains friable porous goethite. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures range from 80øC to 220øC but generally averaging 110øC to 160øC. Metasomatite is controlled by interplate rift structures. Local parts of complicated by formation of karst cavities with deposition of secondary rubble deposit minerals and by surficial weathering of deposit minerals and replacement of Au. The Kuranakh deposit was discovered in 1947 and modest production began in 1955. Large scale open pit mining began in 1965 and continues to the present. The Kuranakh mine is one of the largest lode gold mines in Russia. Gold recovery averages 83% using resin columns. Benevolskiy, 1995; Fredericksen, 1998; Fredericksen and others, 1999. Russia O 52 1 Megyuskan 58ø15' 58.25 130ø41' 130.683333333333 phlogopite, vermiculite, Fe Phlogopite skarn Large Resources of 7.5 thousand tonnes phlogopite with average grade of 46-79 kg/m3 phlogopite. Uchur Consists of phlogopite skarn that occurs on the limbs of the Bas-Muguskan synform. The skarn forms lenticular bodies that are concordant with the host phlogopite-diopside and scapolite-diopside metasomatite. Several deposits vary from 4 to 12 m thick and extend up to 250 m long. Phlogopite forms veins and nests and the size of phlogopite crystals is 30 to 40 cm. Most common defects are undulation, cracks and intergrowths The phlogopite is low Fe with a light color. Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 52 2 Emeldzhak 58ø30' 58.5 126ø43' 126.716666666667 Fe B, phlogopite Fe skarn Large Reserves of several tens million tonnes grading 31.9-63.2% Fe2O3, 8.04-24.9% FeO. Dyos-Leglier Consists of two bodies of magnetite and diopside-hypersthene-magnetite in thick sequence of diopside and diopside-amphibole, phlogopitie gneiss. Aeromagnetic survey reveals deposit is 4 km long. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations with minor pyrite. Fe2O3 constitutes 31.9-63.2%, FeO-8.04-24.9%. Deposit extends to a depth of 172 m. Geology of the USSR, 1979; Biryul'kin and others, 1990. Russia O 52 3 Atugey 56 22 N 56.3666666666667 128 20 E 128.333333333333 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Unknown Grade of 29.6-70.7% Fe, 0.01-0.05% S, and 0.1-0.2% P2O5. Davangra-Nalurak Consists of concordant beds of hematite that range from 0.3-3 m thick and extend for 40 km. The beds are interbedded with siltstone in the middle part of Proterozoic sandstone units in the Atugey-Nuyam graben. REE occurrences are in gravelstone and conglomerate horizons that range from 15-30 m long and vary from a few meters to 150 m thick. Principal minerals in the heavy fractions of rocks are monazite and zircon (up to 95%). Samples from the conglomerate-gravelstone horizons contain 0.1-0.8% Ce, 0.01-0.1% Y, 0.03-0.05% La, 0.01-1% Tb, and up to 0.005% Nb. Klimov, 1979; A.P. Smelov, V. Nikitin, and G. Biryul'kin, this study. Russia O 52 4 Olimpiyskoe 56ø05' 56.0833333333333 127ø55' 127.916666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Resource of 500 million tonnes of iron ore to a depth of 300 m, and 900 million tonnes to a depth of 500 m. Range of 25.3-36.98% femagnetite, 0.08-0.13% S. Sutam Consists of eleven lenticular deposits of medium-and coarse-grained banded hypersthene-magnetite quartzite. Deposits occur in an area that is 11 km long and ranges from 3 to 4 km wide and contains two rock groups. The first and main group consists of magnetite-hypersthene and magnetite-two mica gneiss interbedded with amphibole-two mica and magnetite-two mica-plagioclase schist in the core of an aniform. The Fe horizon with magnetite and hypersthene-magnetite quartzite occurs in the outer part of the antiform. The second-group occurs in the core of a synform and consists of feldspar quartzite interlayered with garnet-and sillimanite quartzite. Beds of diopside-bearing rock and coarse-grained marble also occur. Occurring in the second-group rock is a Fe horizon of magnetite hypersthene and spessartine-magnetite hypersthene. Deposits vary from 0.5 to 4 km thick and 20 to 200 m long. Nikitin, 1990. Russia O 53 1 Yur 59 54 49N 59.9136111111111 137 48 28E 137.807777777778 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 3.5-5.7 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun Consists of four interbedded quartz veins that occur along a zone of meridional faults in Middle Carboniferous sandstone and shale. Veins range from 0.3 to 0.4 m thick and are 100 to 500 m long. The main deposit minerals are gold, arsenopyrite, galena, pyrite and sphalerite and comprise up to 2% veins. Gangue minerals are quartz, ankerite and albite. Wallrock alteration is insignificant and consists of sericite, silica minerals and arsenopyrite. Strona, 1960; Kobtseva, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 10 Tas-Yuryakh 58 43 00N 58.7166666666667 137 28 00E 137.466666666667 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 20 g/t Au, 10 g/t Ag. South Verkhoyansk Occurs in Yudoma-Maya thrust fault zone. Gold occurs near steeply-dipping NE-striking fault along the contact of Early Cambrian siltstone and Vendian dolomite. The host rock is intruded by lamprophyre dikes of 116-119 Ma age (K-Ar biotite age). Main alteration types after siltstone are propilitic and argillic. The dolomite is brecciated. Altered rock contain ribbon bodies of disseminations and veinlets of gold-quartz-sulfide or gold-quartz-carbonate-sulfide. Gold is fine-grained-from 2 to 20-40 mkm. Fineness of gold varies from 845 to 970. Deposit is highly oxidized. Relics of primary sulfides occured by pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and rare galena and sphalerite. Moiseyenko and Eirish, 1996; S.M. Rodionov and others, written commun., 1991; Pereverzev and others, 1990. Russia O 53 11 Borong 58 33 08N 58.5522222222222 137 40 19E 137.671944444444 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Small Grade of 0.1-1% Cu. Sette-Daban Consists of supergene minerals such as malachite, azurite, and chrysocolla that occur in fine-fissured stringers. Hosted in a bed of Late Proterozoic quartz-feldspar and polymictic sandstone that is 2 m thick and extends for 7 km. Kogen and others, 1976; Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 12 Malyutka 58 38 17N 58.6380555555556 137 16 23E 137.273055555556 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Range of 0.01-98 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun Consists of approximately EW-trending shear zones, up to 1 km long and 0.3-3 m thick and in quartz veins up to 40 m long and 0.5 to 40 cm thick. Shear zone minerals are quartz, ankerite, barite, rutile, fluorite, hematite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite and gold. Deposit is hosted in Early Cambrian sedimentary rock on the the SE limb of a syncline. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 13 Algaminskoe 58 39 31 N 58.6586111111111 135 33 36 E 135.56 Zr, W Carbonate-hosted Zr (Algoma type) Large Weathered zones grade from 2.8-3.2% W2O3 and 0.5-40% ZrO2. Ingili Consists of lenses up to 1,100 m long with irregular bodies of W-Zr minerals. Ore bodies range from 2, 3, and 5 m thick occur in layers of siliceous, cavenous dolomite. Layers spaced between14 and 25 m apart. Layers contain loose aggregate that is rich in baddeleyite, the principal mineral that contains the Zr and W. Weathered zones contain from 2.8 to 3.2% W2O3. Baddeleyite forms cryptocrystalline and colloform aggregates that fill cavities and voids in quartz-bearing dolomite. Hydrous zircon and Ca- and Fe-zirconium silicates also occur in weathered ore. Zircon dominates primary ore. Baddeleyite was deposited from oversaturated chloride-hydroxide solutions at 100-180øC. Deposit originally interpreted as latest Proterozoic (Vendian) age; however a recent U-Pb zircon isotopic age of 110 Ma indicates a Cretaceous age. Deposit hosted in the Yudomsky Dolomite Sequence of latest Proterozoic (Vendian) age at about 7 km from the contact of the alkalic to mafic Ingili stock. Unique deposit type. Nekrasov and Koezhinskaya, 1991; J.N. Aleinikoff, written commun., 1993. Russia O 53 14 Ingili 58 35 00N 58.5833333333333 135 22 00E 135.366666666667 REE, Nb, Ta REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Small Average grade of 1.4% REE oxides; up to 1.1% Nb2O5. Ingili Occurs in circular alkaline intrusive body composed of ijolite-melteigite, syenite, and theralite of Precambrian(?) age. Alkaline igneous rock intrudes Archean amphibolite and gneiss, and Neoproterozoic calcareous and clastic rock. Deposit consists of two types of carbonatite - calcite and dolomite. Calcite carbonatite contains Ta-Nb minerals and forms small (up to 150 x 200 m) bodies of irregular shape. Nb and Ta occur in pyrochlore and zircon. Dolomite carbonatite contains REE minerals in veins that are 10 to 80 m long and 0.1-2 to 3 m thick. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 15 Chad (Mokhovoy) 58 55 00N 58.9166666666667 134 18 00E 134.3 PGE Au Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Kondyor-Feklistov PGE minerals occur within central part of a zoned ultramafic complex consisted of dunite in the central part, and pyroxenite and gabbro-diorite in the outer part. Zoned mafic-ultramafic body intrudes Archean - Proterozoic metamorphic rock of Southern-Eastern flank of Aldan shield. Gold-platinum placer deposit was discovered near lode deposit. The thickness of platinum placer is from 0.4 m to 13.3 (average - 2.1 m), length - 6,200 m, width - 97 m. Pt averages is 39.3 g/m3, Au averages - 3.3 g/m3 . Reserves of associated placer deposits are 2,989.9 kg of Pt and 349.2 kg of Au. The deposit is recommended for further investigation. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 16 Sigilyakh 57 42 25N 57.7069444444444 137 24 08E 137.402222222222 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Small Grade of 0.1-3.7% Cu. Sette-Daban Consists of veins that intrude contact metamorphosed Late Jurassic sandstone. Veins range from 55 to 140 m long and 0.05 to 6.8 m thick. Veins strike NW and dip SW at 60ø. Major minerals are quartz, marcasite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Arsky and others, written commun., 1963. Russia O 53 17 Maly Komui 57 23 00N 57.3833333333333 137 32 07E 137.535277777778 Cu Pb, Zn Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Grade of 0.1-11.0% Cu, 0.1-9.3% Zn, 0.1-4.9% Pb. Chelasin Disseminations and pockets of chalcopyrite, chalcocite, malachite, galena and sphalerite occur in garnet-pyroxene skarn bodies along the contact between Neoproterozoic limestone and Cretaceous granitoid bodies. Skarn forms three zones with a combined length of 1.5 km and thickness ranging from 1 to 80 m. Detailed studies are lacking. Krasny and Rasskazov, 1975; Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 18 Dzhagdag 57 22 09N 57.3691666666667 137 13 03E 137.2175 Cu Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Small Grade of 0.3-2.94% Cu. Sette-Daban Occurs in two layers of Neoproterozoic (Late Riphean) amygdaloidal basalt, that are 90 and 60 m thick, respectively, and are intercalated with tuff and sandstone. The Cu-bearing horizons are 0.4-5 m thick. Ore is finely disseminated to spotted. Ore minerals are chalcocite, bornite, native copper, cuprite, covellite, and malachite. Cu content correlates with Ag content. Kutyrev and others, 1988. Russia O 53 19 Chelasin 56 47 00N 56.7833333333333 137 02 00 E 137.033333333333 Cu Au, Ag Porphyry Cu (ñAu) Unknown Grade of 1.0-9.4% Cu, up to 10.0 g/t Au, up to 1,119.0 g/t Ag, up to 3.0% Pb, up to 3.0% Zn. Chelasin Consists of stockwork zones and quartz-sulfide veins. 42 stockwork zones were discovered. All zones are located within the single belt. Extension of the belt is about 2.5 km. One zone was dissected by three trenches. On the data of the trenching the thickness of the zone is 10-28 m, and extension - more than 400m. The total extension of the zone is about 700 m in accordance with geophysical data. The zone splits into several branches at the flanks. The host rocks are represented by dacite and andesite-dacite. Numerous dikes of rhyolite, andesite, diorite-porphyry and granodiorite are presented too. The rock are silicifided and propylized. The age of the altered rock is 64-67 mln years. The deposit is unexplored, and new ore bodies may be found with further investigation. S.M. Rodionov, A.A. Cherepanov, and E.V. Kurbatov, written commun., 1994. Russia O 53 2 Duet 59 47 32N 59.7922222222222 137 44 14E 137.737222222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 29 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun Consists of eighteen rootless, conformable, sheets of quartz veins that occur at various levels in an 60-80 m interval of Middle Carboniferous sandstone and siltstone that is 150 to 120 m thick. Veins occur in both the limbs and hinge of the Duet syncline and range up to 1,600 m long and up to 0.9 m thick. Ore minerals are 1-3% veins and include arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and gold. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 20 Kondyor 57 32 44N 57.5455555555556 134 37 55E 134.631944444444 Pt Zoned mafic-ultramafic Cr-PGE Medium About 13.5 tonnes PGE produced from 1984-1993. Annual production of about 2.5 to 3.0 tonnes PGE since 1993. In 1999, approximately 2.9 tonnes PGE were produced. Kondyor-Feklistov Hosted in the Kondyor pluton and consists of two types: (1) short lenses, veins and disseminations that areabout 2 to 50 m long and range up to few m thick that occur in the central part of a dunite stock; and (2) oval-shaped, roughly equidimensional metasomatite with dimensions about 200 by 300 m. The first type contains PGE minerals in intergrowths with chromite and olivine; and in small inclusions. Isoferro Pt is the major PGE mineral. The second type consists of PGE minerals that form intergrowths with magnetite, pyroxene and rarely with metasomatic phlogopite, Cr diopside and magnetite. Deposit is intruded by alkalic igneous veins and dikes including nepheline syenite, lujavrite, ijolite and urtite. In addition to isoferro Pt and tetraferro Pt, deposit contain up to 5 to 8% sulfide and As minerals. Controversy exists about age and tectonic environment for the host mafic and ultramafic rock. The host rock were originally interpreted as an integral part of the Neoproterozoic and older cratonal rock of the Stanovoy block of the North Asian Craton. However, A.I. Khanchuk (written commun, 1994) interprets the mafic and ultramafic rock as Jurassic because the intrusions are similar in composition to other Jurassic plutons of the Ariadny igneous belt. This igneous belt is interpreted as forming possibly immediately before Late Jurassic accretion in the region, or possibly in the mid-Cretaceous. Unpublished K-Ar isotopic ages for the zoned mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Kondyor metallogenic belt range from 110 to 160 Ma (A.M. Lennikov, written commun., 1993). An Ar-Ar isotopic age of 127 Ma (Early Cretaceous) exists for alkalic mafic and ultramafic igneous rock at Ingagli (Dalrymple and others, 1995) that may be part of the same igneous belt that hosts the Kondyor metallogenic belt. Marakushev and others, 1990; Zalishchak and others, 1993; Cabri and Laflamme, 1997; Bundtzen and Sidorov, 1998; Bakulin and others, 1999. Russia O 53 21 Avlayakan 57 13 00 N 57.2166666666667 134 41 00 E 134.683333333333 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Average grade of 18.2 g/t Au. Preddzhugdzhursky Occurs along the southern flank of Dzhugdzhur district and is hosted in Late Cretaceous dacite, rhyolite, and andesite that overlie Precambrian gabbro and anorthosite. The deposit consists of quartz and quartz-carbonate veins that occur in several sublongitudinal zones. Two zones are well explored. The Central zone varies from 5 up to 40 m thick, is about 3 km long, and consists of quartz and quartz-carbonate veins and veinlets with disseminated gold. Hosted volcanic rocks are altered up to chlorite, sericite, hydromica, and quartz propilite. The average gold content for two intersections is 34.5 and 72.5 g/t Au. The Northeastern zone occurs 450 m north of the Central zone, ranges from 50 to 120 m thick, is 3 km long, and consists of numerous branching quartz veins and breccias with minor sulfides. The average grade is about 10.8 g/t Au for one intersection. The average for the whole deposit is 18.2 g/t Au and 38.1 g/t Ag. Au:Ag=1:2-4. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia O 53 22 Klin 57 46 00N 57.7666666666667 132 49 00E 132.816666666667 Au Au skarn Small Up to 13.2 g/t Au. Chara-Aldan Consists of two zones of epidote-garnet-magnetite skarn that range from 4.6 to 5.2 m thick. Zones occur in a block of Cambrian carbonate and clastic rock that is intruded by Late Cretaceous syenite and alkaline granite of Orochen pluton and diorite and syenite dikes. The bodies form circular zone in the exocontact zone of intrusive massif. Main minerals are gold, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, arsenopyrite. Gold is medium-grained (up to 5 mm) and is tabular, wire, or octahedron. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia O 53 23 Krutoy 57 46 00N 57.7666666666667 132 34 00 E 132.566666666667 Au Cu, Hg Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 7 g/t Au (locally up to 800 g/t Au), up to 550 g/t Ag, up to 0.1-0.2% Cu, up to 0.1-0.3 g/t Hg ./ Chara-Aldan Occurs in the field of Neoproterozoic sandstone intruded by Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous monzodiorite. Lowermost part of sandstone sequence contains intensively silica altered and fractured deposit. The zone consists of several quartz stockworks and stringers. The zone ranges up to 4 to 5 m thick and up to 200-250 m long. Moiseyenko and Erish, 1996. Russia O 53 24 Ulakhan 57 38 00N 57.6333333333333 132 03 00E 132.05 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Medium Grade of 84 g/t Au (from 1942-1945). Grade of 100-300 g/t Ag. Production of 1.9 tonnes Au. Chara-Aldan Subhorizontal deposit occurs in the horizon of Cambrian gray bituminous oolitic dolomite. The length of explored part of the zone is 140 m, width-from 5-7 up to 20 m, average thickness-1.04 m. Deposit is highly oxidized and consists of Fe oxides (45-75%). fine-grained quartz (30-50%) and rare pyrite and chalcopyrite. Deposit is now under development. Moiseenko and Eirish, 1996. Russia O 53 25 Ulkanskoe 56 19 01N 56.3169444444444 134 48 52E 134.814444444444 REE, Be, Zr Ta-Li ongonite Small Not available. Verkhneuchur? Deposit is hosted in alkalic, rapakivi-type granitic stock that occurs in the Ulkansky Basin containing Proterozoic and Mesozoic volcanic and sedimentary rock and intrusive rock. Four groups of deposit minerals occur: (1) columbite, zircon and cassiterite that occur in albitite veins; (2) cassiterite, wolframite and chrysoberyl that occur in topaz-muscovite-biotite greisen; (3) phenakite, zircon, pyrochlore, polylithionite, chevkinite and columbite that occur in hydrothermal molybdenite-quartz veins and with alkalic granitic pegmatite and fenite; and (4) bertrandite, helvite, genthelvite, gold, zircon, thorite, gagarinite, parisite, bastnaesite that occur in hydrothermal veins. Deposit similar to the Pikes Peak area in Colorado. Nedashkovsky, 1984; Kirillov, 1993. Russia O 53 26 Begundya 56 20 00 N 56.3333333333333 134 26 00 E 134.433333333333 REE, Be, Zr Felsic plutonic U-REE Unknown Not available. Verkhneuchur Mineralization is located within the endocontact zone of Early Proterozoic albitizated granite intrusion hosted by Uda block of Archean metamorphic rock. Exploration work with trenches and prospecting shafts shows the presence of ore body of complicated irregular shape with average dimensions of 385x37 m. The ore is represented of intensively albitized granite with disseminated mineralization of bertrandite, beryl, phenacite, columbite, thorite, xenotime, fluorite, and bastnasite. The element contents are: niobium oxide - 0.005-0.08%; yttrium - 0.001-0.1%; ytterbium - 0.001-0.1%; lanthanum - 0.001-0.003%; zirconium - 0.003-1.0%; cerium - 0.003-1.0%; gallium - 0.001-0.03%; beryllium oxide - 0.004-5.416%. The deposit is unexplored and is recommended for further investigation. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 27 Nygvagan-II 56 18 00N 56.3 134 25 00E 134.416666666667 Nb, Ta REE REE-Li pegmatite Small Grade of 0.12-0.4% Nb2O5; 0.01-0.03% Ta2O5. Verkhneuchur Consists of veinlets and disseminations of zircon, cyrtolite, pyrochlore, columbite, ortite and monazite in albite-altered alkaline (riebickite-rich) pegmatite at the contact of Neoproterozoic aegirine-riebickite granosyenite and Archean schist. Deposit is unexplored Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 28 Neozhidannoye 56 14 00N 56.2333333333333 134 31 00E 134.516666666667 REE Be, Zr Felsic plutonic U-REE Large Average grade of 0.1251% Nb2O5; 0.4713% ZrO2; 0.134% TR2O3. Resources of 14,809 tonnes Nb, 52,000 tonnes Zr, 12,533 tonnes TR. Verkhneuchur Deposit is hosted in quartz syenite stock that occurs in the Ulkansky Basin containing Proterozoic and Mesozoic volcanic, sedimentary and intrusive rock. Deposit has dimensions of 2.0 by 1.7 km. The intrusive rock in the area are altered and contain superimposed albite, fluorite, hematite and carbonate. Several bodies occur. The main body is 420 m long, 180 m wide, and has an irregular shape. Deposit minerals are lepidolite, columbite, zircon, bastnaesite, thorite, monazite and synchysite. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 29 Khaykan 56 23 00N 56.3833333333333 132 59 00E 132.983333333333 REE Zr Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Not available. Verkhneuchur Deposit occurs in Tyrkansky block of Archean crystalline rock in the SE part of Aldanskiy shield. Lens-like intrusive bodies and dikes of granite and pegmatite are hosted in Archean gneiss and schist . Disseminations of rutile, ilmenite, and other REE-bearing minerals occur in pegmatite and granite and surrounding gneiss. All minerals contain yttrium, ce, La, Th. Deposit is unexplored. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 3 Gornoye Ozero 59o55' 59.9166666666667 137o04' 137.066666666667 P, Nb, Ta, REE REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Large Resources to a depth of 200 m are 5,423,000 tonnes of Nb2O5 (grading 0.10-0.12%), 246,500 tonnes Ta2O5 (grading 0.01-0.011%); 223,446,491 tonnes REE. Range of 2.04-5.38% P2O5 in carbonatite with average of 4%. Resources to a depth of 200 m are 24 million tonnes P2O5.ÿAverage grade is 0.35% REE oxides; 0.09 to 0.36% Nb205; 0.011% Ta205. Sette-Daban Occurs in early-and late carbonatite stages. The early stage occurs in steep veins up to 25 m thick and to 150 m long. The veins are composed of augite, diopside, calcite, forsterite, calcite, and pyrochlore-betafite. Late stage consists of a small stock with an area of 1 sq.km. that consists of aegirine, dolomite, and ankerite along with bastnaesite, parisite, monazite, pyrochlore, and columbite. K-Ar isotopic ages range from 280 to 350 Ma. The stock is concentrically zoned and composed of 90% carbonatite along with pyroxenite, ijolite, and nepheline and alkalic syenite. The complex covers an area of 10.3 sq.km. Age of deposits interpreted as 290 Ma. Deposit has no visible boundary and is defined by concentrations of Nb2O5 and Ta2O5. Elyanov, Moralov, 1973; Samoilov, 1991; Entin and others, 1991; Tolstov and others, 1995. Russia O 53 30 Amulican 56 25 00 N 56.4166666666667 132 27 00 E 132.45 REE Zr Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Not available. Verkhneuchur The deposit is located within Tyrkansky block of Archean crystalline rock in the South-Eastern part of Aldanskiy shield. Lens-like intrusive bodies and dikes of granite, and pegmatite hosted in Archean gneisses and crystalline schists. Dispersed impregnation of rutile, ilmenite, and other REE-bearing minerals is typical for pegmatite and granite, and surrounded gneisses as well. The contents of mineral are the following (kg/t): monazite - 3.1-20.4; zircon - 0.13-17.5; ilmenite - up to 43.0; rutile - up to 12.5. All minerals contain yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, thorium. Deposit is unexplored. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 53 31 Algama 58 40 00N 58.6666666666667 135 29 00E 135.483333333333 Zr Stratiform Zr (Algama type) Large Reserves of 73,150 tonnes ZrO2 with average grade of 4.62% of ZrO2. Resources of 93,668,900 tonnes ore grading 1.14% W, 0.84% Hf, 0.07% Y, and 0.12% Nb. Ingili The deposit is hosted mainly in subhorizontal dolomite marble that, along with other sedimentary rocks, form the Late Proterozoic and Early Paleozoic sedimentary cover of the Stanovoy block of the North Asian Craton. This deposit consists of hydrozircon and baddeleyite in lenses and veins that occur mainly in a layer of cavernous dolomite marble that ranges up to about 40 m thick. The ore occurs as breccia composed of fragments of metamorphic quartz and dolomite cemented by an aggregate of hydrozircon and baddeleyite. Baddeleyite also occurs as loose aggregates formed by weathering of primary ore. Some caverns in the dolomite contain colloform, sinter-type aggregates of hydrozircon and baddeleyite, but breccia ores predominate. The host dolomite is not hydrothermally altered. The main distinctive features of the Algama deposit are as follows: (1) Accommodation of the mineralization in sedimental carbonate masses, consisting of mainly dolomite rocks. The deposit occurs far (5-17 km) from a central-type intrusion of alkaline-ultrabasic composition with carbonatite that is on the outskirts of activated parts of an ancient North Asian Craton and being the primary sources of zirconium. (2) Sub-horizontal close-to-surface occurrence of deposit, subordinated to sub-layer zones of intensive karst-formation in dolomites of complex origin. Two main ore formation stages can be marked out: a) chemogenic-sedimental stage of accumulation of primary disseminated ore elements in dolomites of marine shallow fades, b) the next stage of regeneration and ore formation - as a result of the imposed processes of diagenesis, catagenesis and, mostly karst-making process, connected with dyke magmatism, with efflux of easily-solved carbonates and formation of ore deposits on certain hypsometric levels, marking ancient levels of underground waters. (3) The significant degree of ore disintegration in the deposit facilitates development and provides some advantages for primary ore enrichment. (4) High concentration of main (Zr) and accompanying valuable (W, Hf, Nb etc.) elements, determined by natural ore enrichment during primary sediment accumulation and karst formation. (5) Fine size of main ore minerals (zirconium, baddleyite, scheelite), about a few tens of microns. (6) Baddleyite and zirconium occur in hydrated form. An U-Pb isotopic age of about 100 Ma was obtain for hydrozircon (J.N. Aleinikoff, written commun., 1993). Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; Buryak and others, 1999. Russia O 53 4 Urui 59 51 32N 59.8588888888889 136 46 35E 136.776388888889 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Grade of 9.9-25.6% Pb, 6.4-21.3% Zn, 6.8-200 g/t Ag, up to 10 g/t Ge. Kyllakh Consists of stratified ribbons that vary from 2-3 to 40 m thick and 0.5 to 1.2 km long that occur in metamorphosed Neoproterozoic (Vendian) dolomite. Bodies are conformable to host rock and strike 30-45øNW; and commonly wedge out at depth of 30-40 m. Deposits vary from massive, pocket-stringer-disseminated, to banded. Galena and sphalerite are the main deposit minerals; pyrite, maracasite and arsenopyrite are secondary; pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and electrum are scarce. Calcite, quartz and anthraxolite also occur. Deposit associated with a significant recrystallization of dolomite and formation of peculiar zebra dolomite rock. General structural pattern of deposit controlled by monoclinal strike of sedimentary rock to the W and by numerous post-deposit faults that trend roughly EW and strike NW. Local Paleozoic diabase dikes in area. Ruchkin and others, 1977; Volkodav and others, 1979; Bogovin and others, 1979; Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 5 Khamna 59 42 39N 59.7108333333333 136 25 03E 136.4175 REE, Nb REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Unknown Grade of 0.2-1.93% REE; 0.03-0.26% Nb205. Sette-Daban Consists of steep fluorite-carbonate veins and stockwork in Neoproterozoic metasomatic carbonate near dikes and stocks of probable Late Devonian alkalic syenite and alkalic magmatic breccia. Veins range from 0.1 to 1.5 km long and from 1.4 to 30 m thick. Individual stockworks are 100x500. Disseminations also occur. Main ore minerals are bastnaesite, parisite, and galena. U-Th-Pb isotopoic age is 240 to 417 Ma for syenite. Elyanov and Moralev, 1973; Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 53 6 Yudoma 59 25 00N 59.4166666666667 136 25 00E 136.416666666667 Zn Ag Polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Ag) carbonate-hosted metasomatite Unknown Average grade of up to 11.24% Zn; up to 12.5 g/t Ag. Kyllakh Occurs in Early Cambrian dolomite and limestone along a thrust fault. Host rock is altered up to ankerite body along one of the thrust-fault. Abundant large sphalerite crystals occur in the lower part of the ankerite body. Deposit is not well explored and is recommended for further investigation. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; Onikhimovskiy and others, 1989. Russia O 53 7 Pukhanil 59 12 00N 59.2 136 46 00E 136.766666666667 Zn, Pb Cd Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Unknown Grade of up to 22.74% Zn, up to 23.9% Pb. Kyllakh Disintegrated blocks of oxidized Pb-Zn ore minerasl are occur on slopes among dolomite and limestone upon the area of 15 km long. The dimension of the largest block ranges up to 1 m in diameter. Deposit is unexplored and is recommended for further investigation. S.M. Rodionov, A.A. Cherepanov, and E.V. Kurbatov, written commun., 1994. Russia O 53 8 Lugun 59 07 31N 59.1252777777778 136 39 04E 136.651111111111 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Not available. Sette-Daban Consists of stratiform galena-sphalerite layers in Neoproterozoic (Vendian) algal dolomite. Sulfide layers range from 3 to 15 m thick. Deposit associated with bedding silica alteration and recrystallization of dolomite. Sulfide layers in zone that is 350 m thick. Deposit and enclosing strata occur in brachyform fold. Stavtsev, 1976; Krasny and others, 1979. Russia O 53 9 Muromets 58 47 36N 58.7933333333333 137 38 28E 137.641111111111 Cu, Mo, W Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Medium Grade ranges up to 10% Cu, up to 0.92% WO3, up to 0.3% Mo. Allakh-Yun Hosted in Middle Cambrian dolomite along the contact with an Early Cretaceous quartz monzodiorite. Deposit consists of a band skarn bodies that are 1 km long and dip gently (20-40ø) under the intrusion. The bodies range from 6 to 12 m thick and occur in disseminations, stringers and rare masses. Minor magnesian skarn consists of spinel, forsterite, phlogopite, tremolite, diopside and serpentine. Predominant limestone skarn consists of salite, diopside, scapolite, grossular, and, andradite. Deposit minerals are magnetite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, bornite, pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Skarn formed several stages: (1) magnesian skarn with magnetite; (2) calcareous pyroxene-garnet skarn with magnetite and scheelite; and (3) metasomatic quartz-feldspar rock with molybdenite and Cu sulfides. Disseminated Cu sulfides also occurs in adjacent altered quartz monzodiorite is a skarn-related porphyry Cu deposit. Krasny and Rasskazov, 1975; Nikitin and Rasskazov, 1979. Russia O 54 1 Larisa 59 54 00N 59.9 139 14 00E 139.233333333333 Zn Pb, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.0% Zn, 10 g/t Ag, 0.2% Pb. Upper Udoma Consists of several steeply-dipping (65-90O) bodies of quartz and quartz-chlorite breccia, up to several hundred m long, from 8 to 21 m thick and about 200 m dip. The breccia contain numerous sulfide veinlets up to 2 cm thick and occur along a contact of granitoid plutonic body (K-?) and sedimentary rock (C2-3-P1). Several dikes of diorite and granite porphyry occur. Sphalerite, galena and arsenopyrite are the dominant deposit minerals. The breccia and veinlets also contain disseminated cassiterite, wolframite and chalcopyrite. Kislyakov, written commun., 1990; Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia O 54 2 Burgali 59 56 15N 59.9375 138 50 31E 138.841944444444 Mo, W Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Unknown Grade of 0.2-0.9% Mo; 0.08-1.4% W. Upper Udoma Consists of a quartz stockwork that extends over an area 60 by 80 m composed of veins that range from 0.5 to 40 cm thick. Veins hosted in Middle Carboniferous clastic rocks of the Ekachan suite, near the contact of Cretaceous granite intrusions. Ore minerals are molybdenite, wolframite, and cassiterite. Gangue minerals are biotite and sericite. Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 54 3 Balaakkalakh, Diring-Yuryak 59 50 57 N 59.8491666666667 139 00 46 E 139.012777777778 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.002-0.04% Sn, 0.01-0.03% W, from 1%-10% As, up to 10 g/t Au. Upper Udoma Consists of three ore zones that strike northeast, are 10 to 200 m thick, and 100 to 1,100 m long. Zones consist of quartz-chlorite-sulfide stockworks and stringers. Stringers range from 0.2 to 1.5 cm thick and consists of shear zones that contain intergrown quartz, tourmaline, and arsenopyrite. Major ore minerals are arsenopyrite, wolframite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite. Subordinate ore minerals are cassiterite, scheelite, galena, fahlore, and acanthite. Zones hosted in sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate of the Middle Carboniferous Ekachan suite and also in a diorite porphyrite dike. Aeromagnetic data indicate a granitic body occurs at a depth of 50-150 m. Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 54 4 Zhar 59 44 31N 59.7419444444444 138 11 21E 138.189166666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 4.2 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun Consists of a quartz vein that is about 500 m long and 1.5 m thick. Vein strikes W to NW and dips steeply (85ø) to E. Deposit minerals are disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and gold that constitute up to 1% the vein. No indications of wallrock metasomatic alteration. Vein hosted in Permian clastic rock. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988. Russia O 54 5 Dies 59 10 19N 59.1719444444444 138 10 50E 138.180555555556 Cu Cu (ñFe, Au, Ag, Mo) skarn Unknown Grade of 0.2-15% Cu, up to 0.8% Zn, 17.3-70 g/t Ag, 0.3-1.7 g/t Au. South Verkhoyansk Consists of garnet-diopside and garnet-epidote skarns that are 20 to 60 m thick and 400 m long. Skarns occur along the contact of Ordovician clastic and carbonate rocks and Lower- to Middle-Cretaceous granitoids that occur along a north-south-trending fault. Ore minerals occur as stringers and lenses of chalcopyrite, malachite, azurite, bismuthine, acanthite, scheelite, and galena. Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia O 54 6 Verkhnenyotskoe 58 16 37N 58.2769444444444 139 06 11E 139.103055555556 Au, Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Unknown Average grade of 5.0 g/t Au, 94.0 g/t Ag. Kukhtuy-Uliya Consists of quartz and quartz-adularia-calcite veins and linear zones of quartz stringers that are 40-50 m long, 0.5 m thick. Veins and zones composed of up to 25% disseminated galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and gold. Deposit occurs around the periphery of a paleo-caldera. Host rock is Late Cretaceous andesite-dacite tuff, rhyolite and granite porphyry dikes. Kobtseva, written commun., 1988. Russia O 54 7 Etandzha 57 29 14N 57.4872222222222 138 39 16E 138.654444444444 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Unknown Grade of 0.02-2.0% Cu, 0.02-0.74% Mo; up to 4 g/t Au, up to 15 g/t Ag. Chelasin Consists of stringers and disseminations of molybdenite and chalcopyrite that occur in Cretaceous quartz diorite. Deposit occurs in a NE-trending zone over an area of 400 by 200 m. Kobtseva and Devyatkina, written commun., 1988. Russia P 45 1 Eloguiskoye 62 32 OON 62.5333333333333 85 51E 85.85 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Resources of 4,000,000,000 tonnes grading 26-32% Fe. Turukhansk Consists of ferriferous strata on clay rock and ovelapped by quatrz-kaolinite sand of Maastrichtian-Danian age. Thickness of host strata is 50-70 m. Deposit is extends to 54 to 235 m depth. Host strata are beds and lenses of Fe minerals and ferous clastic rock. Ore mineral layers range up to 12.5 m thick. Ore minerals exhibit oolitic structure. Ore minerals are leptochlorite, hydrogoethite and leptochlorite-hydrogoethit-siderite. Ore minerals are high in P (up to 7% P2O5). Shuchov, 1964; Kashtanov, 1990. Russia P 45 2 Porozhinskoye 1 61 08 00N 61.1333333333333 89 58E 89.9666666666667 Mn Volcanogenic-sedimentary Mn Large Average grade of 18.29% Mn Isakovsk Consists of beds and lenses of rhodochrosite in Vendian chert and carbonate clastic and pyroclastic rock with oxidized Mn in various deposits. Host rock vary from 25 to 85 m thick. Deposit contains small beds and lenses of rhodochrosite that locally comprise larger deposits. Twelve deposits, with sizes from hundreds m to a km long along strike occur. Deposits range from 0.5 to 10 m thick with a average of 2 to 3 m. Rhodochrosite is microcrystalline, is often oolitic and replaces pyroclastic fragmen. Siderite and dolomite are widespread along with pyrite and apatite. Carbonate with 8 to 29% Mn are not ecomically important. Near the surface, primary carbonate is oxidized locally up to several tens of m depth. Oxidized parts contain manganite with up to 48% Mn and 7.9% Fe and pyrolusite and psilomelane with uup to 29% Mn and 28% Fe. Age of oxidized deposit formation is Cretaceous and Paleogene. Kavickiy and others, 1980; Mkrtychan and othersm 1980; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia P 46 1 Suringdakonskoye 63 22 00N 63.3666666666667 91 16E 91.2666666666667 Fe Fe skarn Large Resources of 600,000,000 tonnes grading 20-59% Fe. Kyreisko-Tungsk Consists of a steeply-dipping magnetite body in Late Devonian limestone and Permian clastic rock intruded by trapp magma. Deposit is 1.9 km long and varies from 35 to 40 m thick. Along strike massive deposit mineral grade into streaks and disseminations in a zone that extends for 1.5 km and ranges from 50 to 350 m thick. Host rock for streaks and disseminations is garnet-chlorite-carbonate metasomatite. Masses grade 58.43% Fe and disseminations grade 20.39 to 47.07% Fe. Pavlov, 1961; Staritskiy and others, 1970; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia P 46 10 Proletarskoye 60 11 00N 60.1833333333333 93 16 00E 93.2666666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Reserves of 900 kg Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of gold-bearing quartz veins. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia P 46 11 Eldorado 60 08 00N 60.1333333333333 93 17E 93.2833333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 2.5-4 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of zones of quartz-low sulfide veins and veinlets in a belt that is 6 km long and 2.5 km wide. There are four vein-veinlets zones that vary from 1.4 to 4.4, km long and 1.6 to 68 m thick. Zones include up to 40 quartz veins, lenses and veinlets. Larger ore veins range up to some hundreds m along strike and 0.2-1.0 m thick. Host rock is quartz-biotite-chlorite, quartz-biotite-muscovite, and black schist with horizons of biotite quartzite of Proterozoic age. Wall-rocks near quartz veins altered to quartz, sericite, chlorite, biotitie, and sulfur. In addition to quartz veins and veinlets, bodies include selvages of hydrothermaly-altered rock. The deposit is low-sulfide and sulfides range up to 1-3%. The main ore mineral is arsenopyrite; lesser pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena occur. Thin gold occurs in quartz, rarely in arsenopyrite. Fineness of gold is 720-930. In addition to quartz, gangue minerals are albite, muscovite, tourmaline, biotite, sericite, chlorite, carbonate, fluorite, and K feldspar. Deposit has been mined. Li, 1997; Serdyuk, 1997. Russia P 46 12 Grigorevskoye 60 10 00N 60.1666666666667 93 03 E 93.05 Ag Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Central Yenisey Consists of quartz-sulfide veins and disseminated metasomatic ore minerals. Deposit occurs in North-Yenisey gold region near Sovetskoye Au-quartz vein deposit. Deposit hosted by phyllite and siltstone and shale of Sukhopit Series of Middle Riphean age. Sedimentary rock is intruded by small bodies of gabbro and diabase, along the contact of which zones of hydrothermal-metasomatic alterations occur. The quartz-sulphide veins have irregular thickness and are short. Vein minerals are carbonates (ankerite, calcite, siderite), and minor chlorite, muscovite, sericite, albite. Sulfide contant is 3-5%. Ore minerals are pyrite aud arsenopyrite with minor pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, markazite, bithmuthinite, native silver, freibergite, maucherite, violarite, calaverite, and native gold. Wall-rock alterations are chlorite , sericite, silica, and sulfide alterations. Pb isotopic age of deposit is 880ñ100 Ma. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia P 46 13 Enashiminskoye 3 60 02 00N 60.0333333333333 93 01E 93.0166666666667 Sn, Be, Li REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of Sn-bearing pegmatite veins in carbonate and mica schist adjacent to small bodies of Neoproterozoic leucocratic granite. Veins vary from tens of m to few hundreds of m long and 0.2 to 4 m thick. Veins are intensely altered to albite and consist of quartz, albite and microcline with subordinate lepidolite, zinnwaldite, fluorite, spodumene, tourmaline, spessartine, apatite, cassiterite, and magnetite. Columbite-tantalite, beryl, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite occur rarely. Cassiterite is more abundant in areas of more intensely albite-altered pegmatite. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia P 46 14 Khariuzikhinskoye 2 60 46 00N 60.7666666666667 90 40E 90.6666666666667 Be REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of Be pegmatite veins among pegmatoid granite and alaskite of Khariuzikhinsk massif of Vendian age (635 Ma). Nozhkin and Trofimov, 1982. Russia P 46 15 Isakovskoye 2 60 32 00N 60.5333333333333 91 08 00E 91.1333333333333 Ta, Nb, Be Ta-Nb-REE alkaline metasomatite Small Not available. Tatarsko-Tyradinsl Consists of beryl-microcline-fluorite-biotite-amphibole-biotite syenite that occurs in a vein in Proterozoic biotite-amphibole gneiss. Body extends up to 100 m along strike and is 10 m thick. Be content is low. Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia P 46 16 Khariuzikhinskoye 1 60 43 00N 60.7166666666667 90 34 00E 90.5666666666667 Cu, Zn Volcanogenic Cu-Zn massive sulfide (Urals type) Small Average grade of 2.86% Cu, 0.38% Zn. Isakovsk Consists of layers of Zn-Cu sulfides and pyrite that are hosted in late Riphean metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rock. Sulfide deposits occur at crest of a brachyanticline and dips 20-50ø NW together with host mafic volcanic rock and tuff. Deposit is 15 m thick and extends about 60 m along strike. Host mafic lava and tuff are schistose and altered into chlorite-epidote-actinolite rock and pyrite. A gossan occurs at the surface. The lenses and layers of oxidized massive sulfides are hosted in schistose tuff. Primary ore minerals occur in bands and disseminations, and are medium- to fine-grained. Sulfide content ranges up to 80 to 90%. Main ore minerals are pyrite (60-80%), chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and bornite. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, chlorite, albite, calcite, epidote, biotite, actinolite, barite, and gypsum. Okhapkin and others, 1976. Russia P 46 17 Isakovskoye 1 60 21 00N 60.35 91 10E 91.1666666666667 Fe Banded iron formation (BIF, Superior Fe) Large Average grade 19.6% Fe, range 17-43% Fe. Resources of 400,000,000 tonnes. Isakovsk Consists of layered bodies of magnetite hosted in carbonate-quartz-chlorite-sericite-biotite schist of Mesoproterozoic age. Main horizon ranges up to 200 m thick and contains around 20 bodies that extend EW for more than 7 km. Thickness of individual bodies ranges from 1 to 30 m, and length from 100 to 1500 m. Ore minerals are thin-layered and banded, and consist of alternating magnetite-quartz-chlorite-sericite-biotite schist and quartzite containing great amount of magnetite (up to 60%). Bodies are low in S and P (less than 1%). Kalugin and others, 1981; Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia P 46 18 Levotyradinskoye 60 31 00N 60.5166666666667 90 22 00E 90.3666666666667 Be, REE, Sn WñMoñBe skarn Small Grade of 0.1-0.7% Sn, 0.1-0.3% Zn, 0.2-1% Cu, 0.06-0.15% Be. Tatarsko-Tyradinsk Consists of Sn-and Be-bearing skarn in the exocontact zone of the Tyradinsk Proterozoic granitoid massif that intrudes Paleoproterozoic clastic and carbonate rock. The skarn is 400 m wide and more than 2 km long. The skarn minerals are vesuvianite-diopside, amphibole-pyroxene, talc-amphibole, scapolite-amphibole, garnet-amphibole, amphibole-zoisite. Six deposits occur. The longest is 600 m long and 40 m thick. Deposit minerals are cassiterite, magnetite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, native bismuth, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, molybdenite. Brovkov and others, 1985. Russia P 46 2 Komdalskoye 63 06 00N 63.1 91 51E 91.85 Fe Fe skarn Small Average grade of 39-62% Fe. Reserves of 8 000,000 tonnes. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of veins and lenses of magnetite in calc-silicate garnet skarn. Veins occur in subparallel latitudal system in Permian quartz-felspar sundstone intruded by a neck and sills of diabase. Three bodies extend up to 280-340 m long and 20-30 m thick. The deposit minerals occurs in breccia, masses and spots. Admixtures of 0.2% P and 0.3% S occur. Pavlov, 1961. Russia P 46 3 Bakhtinskoye 63 17 00 N 63.2833333333333 91 02 E 91.0333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Small Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Represents by deposits of magnesian magnetite ores at the plases of intrusive traps development. Host rocks are chloritizied, serpentinizied and calcitizied. The earliest pyroxene-garnet skarn bodies are noted. The ores are predominatly of carbonate-magnetite type with chlorite and scapolite. Pavlov, 1961; Dunaev, 1998. Russia P 46 4 Guryevskoye 62 15 00N 62.25 92 10 00E 92.1666666666667 Phosphorite Sedimentary phosphate Small Grade of 5.1-10.2% P2O5. Unassigned Consists of phosphorite deposits among sandy-carbonate-argillaceous rock of Early Ordovician age. The thickness of phosphorite-bearing series is 13-23 m. In this series two phosphoritic horizons from 0.5 to 2.5 m thick and are composed of granular-shelly phosphorite and phosphoritic conglomerate with interlayers of low-grade phosphatic siltstone. A high P content is typical for shells composed of calcium phosphate that is similar to fluorite-apatite. The highest phosphate concentrations occur in conglomerate. The total area of phosphate deposit is about 19 sq.km. Krasil'nikova and Smirnov, 1955; Malich and others, 1987. Russia P 46 5 Bilchany River 61 48 00 N 61.8 93 05 E 93.0833333333333 Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfides in a Triassic dolerite intrusive. The sulfides occur in nests and disseminatons. Ore minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. . Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia P 46 6 Kamyshenskiy Baikitik 61 33 00N 61.55 93 09E 93.15 Fe Fe skarn Medium Average grade of 53.3% Fe. Reserves of 50,000,000 tonnes Fe. Resources of 140,000,000 tonnes Fe. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of a gently-sipping, layered Fe body in Ordovician argillaceous and calcareous rock intruded by dikes of Triassic gabbro and diabase. The host rock is altered into serpentine, chlorite, and calcite. Deposit is concordant, layered, varies up to 21 m thick, extends 970 m along strike, and 1200 m depth. The principal ore minerals are magnetite, Mn magnetite, hematite, calcite, serpentine, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. Associated minerals are chlorite, apatite, and quartz. Anomalous V occurs. Pavlov, 1961; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia P 46 7 Sukholebyazhinskoye 61 48 00N 61.8 90 27 00E 90.45 Al Sedimentary bauxite Small Range of 30-50% Al2O3. Unassigned Consists of trihydratic bauxite deposits. Bauxite-bearing deposits occur in depressions above the lateritic weathering crust upon trapp diabases. Deposit horizon has a flat or mantle-shape. Deposit mineral layer is 5 sq.km. in area and 10-12 m thick at the central part. Two structural types of bauxite occur: massive stony and coarse-block bouldering in bauxitic clays. Massive stony bauxite compose the central part of deposit and forms a lens up to 5 m thick containing 30-50% Al2O3. Peltek, 1967; Rodin and others, 1967; Sherman, Barkov, 1970; Malich and others, 1987. Russia P 46 8 Organovskoye 61 00 00N 61 92 25E 92.4166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Grade of 38.5-54% Fe. Resources of 100,000,000 tonnes. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of magnetite bodies in Cambrian carbonate deposits intruded by Triassic diabase and porphiryte intrusives. Host rock is altered to serpentine-chlorite-calcite metasomatite. Two bodies occur. The SE body is a lens of disseminated magnetite with average content of 39% Fe. The NE body is cylindrical and occurs around the diabase stock of 180x200 m in lateral section. External diameter of body is 600-700 m. The bodies extend to 550 m depth. The magnetite occurs in masses, disseminations and breccia. Massive magnetite is predominant. The deposit minerals are magnetite, serpentine, calcite, hematite and chalcopyrite. Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia P 46 9 Sovetskoye 60 23 00N 60.3833333333333 93 02 30 E 93.0416666666667 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Average grade of 2.2 g/t Au. Central-Yenisey Consists of f quartz-Au veins cutting Neoproterozoic phyllite that is intruded by small gabbro and diabase bodies and a Paleozoic syenite porphyry. Deposits occurs in a thick conformable shear zone that is complicated by small-scale folds. The district containing the deposit extends up to 8 km along strike, ranges up to 650 m wide and extends to 390 m depth. Deposit consists of subparallel, branching veins, veinlets and lenses. Separate veinlets and veins vary from less than a cm to 10 to 20 cm thick. Veins contain mainly coarse-grained quartz and fragments of low-grade altered host rock. Gangue minerals are carbonate, sericite, albite and chlorite. Deposit minerals constitute about 5% and are pyrite, arsenopyrite, lesser chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite and marcasite. Gold is fine-grained. Fineness of Au averages 940. Deposits consists mainly of quartz, quartz-pyrite, quartz-arsenopyrite, and quartz-sulfide assemblages. Quartz-sulfide assemblagecontains the most Au. Contact zones of deposits are more productive. Hydrothermal wall-rock alterations are: (1) combination of tourmaline, albite, sericite, and chlorite alteration; and (2) silica, sericite, chlorite, and sulfide alteration. Intrusive rock occurs 2 to 5 km to the NE and consist of diabase and gabbro and dikes of mica lamprophyre, syenite porphyry, and a slightly eroded granitoid pluton. Bernstein and Petrovskaya, 1954; Bogdanovich, 1964; Petrovskaya, 1967; Petrov, 1974; Smirnov, 1978; Serdyuk, 1997; Simkin, 1997. Russia P 47 1 Novoye I 63 41 00N 63.6833333333333 101 12 00E 101.2 Island spar Hydrothermal Iceland spar Medium Not available. Central Tungussk Consists of nests and veins of Iceland spar in Triassic basalt volcanic breccia and mandelstone. The veins in mandelstone range up to 15-20 m long and up to 30 cm thick. Iceland spar nests are more abundant in cement. Productive horizon extends up to 700 m along strike. Iceland spar associates with quartz and chalcedony. Andrusenko, 1971; Kievlenko, 1974; Malich and others, 1987. Russia P 47 2 Tychanskoye 61 12 00N 61.2 98 05 30E 98.0916666666667 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Small Not available. Central Tungussk Consists of disseminated sulfides (galena) hosted in the Ordovician carbonate rock and breccia zones. The most abundant Pb sulfides are related to oolitic and stromatolitic dolomite along the contacts with pelitic carbonate and clastic rock. Host rock contain the increased Pb content (0.02-0.07%). Deposit is confined to gentle brachyanticline complicated by the breccian and fracture zones. Sedimentary rock is overlapped by Late Permian and Early Triassic diabase sills. Host rock is exposed along the Tychany River in a band that is 6 km wide in an area of 40 sq.km. The thickness of the host horizon is 20-25 m. Deposit is very irregularly developed. The main deposit mineral is galena that is accompanied by calcite, celestine and barite in porous dolomite and fracture zones. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, marcasite occur in small amounts. The gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite, barite. Host rock alterations consist ofweak sericite alteration and dolomite alteration. The calcite-galena assemblage formed at 100-130øC. The stratiform deposit is interpreted as of polygenic genesis. Pogodin, 1956; Markov and Pustyl'nikov, 1982; Gibsher and others, 1983. Russia P 47 3 Nizhne-Lakur-skoye 1 60 01 00N 60.0166666666667 101 33E 101.55 Fe Fe skarn Medium Resources of more than 100,000,000 tonnes grading 55-60% Fe. Angara-Ilim Consists of veins and lenses of Fe deposit minerals in skarn. The Permian coal-bering deposits and Triasic subvolcanic diabase intrusions wide spread. Fourteen bodies occur in skarn and diabase. The deposit minerals are magnetite (40-60%), goethite (1-50%), hematite (1-3%), maghemite, mushketovite, ilmenite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, apatite (up to 10%), pyroxene, garnet, chlorite, calcite, zeolite. The deposit minerals are massive and densely disseminated. Admixtures of 0.04-0.05% S; 0.4-0.5% P and minor V occur. Chesnokov, 1967; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia P 48 1 Ilimpeiskoye 1 61 40 00N 61.6666666666667 105 31E 105.516666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Not available. Unassigned Consists of Mn magnetite bodies in brecciated zones in tuff. Thin veins of diabase (T), veins of garnet-chlorite-carbonate rock, Mn magnetite, and carbonate-magnetite veins occur. Deeply-dipping zones extend 600-800 m along strike and are 100-200 m thick. Separate bodies range up to 50 m long and 0.6-2 m thick. The ore minerals occur in masses and disseminations. The main ore minerals are magnetite and calcite. Associated minerals are chlorite, hematite, serpentine, quartz, pyrite, marcasite, and chalcopyrite. Pavlov, 1961; Odincov and Domashev, 1977; Filonenko, 1977; Malich and others, 1987. Russia P 48 2 Zeleznaya Gora 1 61 45 00N 61.75 102 57 00E 102.95 Island spar Hydrothermal Iceland spar Medium Not available. Central Tungussk Consists of steeply-dipping veins of Iceland spar. Host rock consist oftufogenic formations that are cut by Triassic diabase dikes. Host rock adjacent to dikes are altered to skarn with formation of magnetite. Veins range up to 1.5 m thick and 70-100 m long. Iceland spar associates with calcite, quartz and chalcedony. Andrusenko, 1971; Kievlenko, 1974; Malich and others, 1987. Russia P 48 3 Khrustalnoye 60 41 00N 60.6833333333333 102 16 00E 102.266666666667 Island spar Hydrothermal Iceland spar Medium Not available. Central Tungussk Consists of veins of Iceland spar in a crush zone in Triassic diabase tuffs. The zone is about 10 m thick and extends up to 450 m along strike. Individual veins have thickness up to 2 m. Iceland spar occurs with calcite. Andrusenko, 1971; Kievlenko, 1974; Malich and others, 1987. Russia P 49 1 Mir 62ø32' 62.5333333333333 113ø54' 113.9 Diamond Diamond-bearing kimberlite Large Not available. Botuobiya -Markha Consists of a pipe intruding Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate, clastic and halogen-bearing rock. The pipe is associated with two Late Devonian sills and a diabase dike. From the surface to a depth of 200 m, the pipe is funnel-shaped and at greater depth, down to 900 m, is cylindrical shaped. At greater depths, the pipe grades into a feeding dike. Diamond forms are octahedra (61.2%), rhombododecahedra (9.7%), combined habit crystals (28.8%) and cubes (0.6%). Most common colors are colourless (75.4%), brown (7.2%), bluish-green (0.6%), lilac (2%) and smoky-grey (13.9%). Secondary minerals are serpentine, carbonate and chlorite comprise most of the kimberlite throughout the pipe. Khar'kiv and others,1997. Russia P 49 2 Internatsional'naya 62ø25' 62.4166666666667 113ø42' 113.7 diamonds Diamond kimberlite Large Not available. Botuobiya -Markha Consists of a well-defined funne- shaped pipe in the upper part and at depth an almost cylindrical diatreme with subvertical contacts. The size of the pipe is cotstant to a depth of 1000 m. The pipe intrudes horizontal Early Ordovician and Cambrian clastic and carbonate rock and is overlain by Early Jurassic deposits that range from 2,200 to 9,200 m thick. A characteristic feature of the pipe is sparse Ti minerals (picroilmenite, orange pyrope) and abundant Cr minerals (Cr spinel, and Cr diopside, Cr pyrope). Khar'kiv and others, 1997. Russia P 53 1 Kurpandzha 63 31 24N 63.5233333333333 137 00 59E 137.016388888889 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Medium Range of 0.45-12% Cu. Resources of approximately 500,000 tonnes Cu. Sette-Daban Consists of more than three stratified horizons of finely disseminated to massive Cu deposit minerals that are hosted in Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous coastal and deltaic sandstone. Main deposit minerals are chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. Oxidized sulfides are rare. Bodies range from 0.2 up to 4 m thick and up to 1.5 km long. Host polymictic sandstone of the Menkule Formation contains pyroclasts of various types of mafic and siliceous volcanic rock. Deposit occurs in a stratigraphic interval from 50 up to 300 m thick that is underlain by Famennian basalt that also contains Cu minerals. Deposit occurs in a major syncline that has an amplitude of up to 4 km. Bodies and host rock strike at 40 to 70ø on syncline limbs. In center of deposit, deposit minerals form extensive (up to 1,5 km) ribbons and beds of complex structure, 0.2-4 m thick, grading 0.5-4% Cu. In the W, deposit (with up to 8% Cu) occurs in small lenses. Guriev and others, 1978; Kutyrev, 1984; Bogdanov, 1984; Kutyrev and others, 1988; Loganson, 1988. Russia P 53 10 Sardana 60 05 33N 60.0925 136 44 38E 136.743888888889 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Large Reserves of more than 1.0 million tonnes combined Pb+Zn. Pb:Zn ratio of 1:3-4. Average combined Pb+Zn grade is 6%. Kyllakh Consists of disseminated, banded, massive, brecciated and stringers of deposit minerals in and adjacent to a dolomite bioherm that ranges from 30 to 80 m thick and is hosted in the Neoproterozoic (Late Vendian) Yudom Formation. Lensoid deposits are concordant with dolomite in the Upper Sardana subformation that contains three members (from bottom to top): (1) light-grey fine-grained dolosparite (17 to 30 m thick); (2) dark-grey bituminous limestone and dolosparite (5 to 29 m thick); and (3) layered limestone and massive saccharoidal dolosparite (31 to 87 m thick). Several ore horizons occur and the central area on the western limb of the Kurung anticline is the most productive. In this area, three Pb-Zn sulfides deposits extend for 150 to 1300 m and range from 9 to 70 m thick. The largest part of the deposit occurs in the third member and ranges up to 50 m thick. Galena and sphalerite are predominant and occur in masses, veinlets and disseminations. Main deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena and pyrite, with subordinate chalcopyrite, marcasite and arsenopyrite. Oxidized deposit minerals are smithsonite, cerussite, anglesite, goethite, hydrogoethite and aragonite. Deposit is the largest deposit in the Sardana Formation and occurs in the Selenda syncline that is complicated by the Kurung anticline and longitudinal thrusts. Low grade disseminations occur in Neoproterozoic (Late Vendian) dolomite for many km in both limbs and in the axis of a NS-trending syncline that is 3 km wide and more than 10 km long. Deposit intruded by sparce diabase and diabase dikes. Ruchkin and others, 1977; Kuznetsov, 1979; Kutyrev and others, 1989; Davydov and others, 1990. Russia P 53 2 Dzhalkan 63ø38' 63.6333333333333 136ø38' 136.633333333333 Cu Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Unknown Grade of 0.3-4.5% Cu. Sette-Daban Consists of disseminated Cu in Famennian basalt flows that are 180 m thick. The flows were erupted into a shallow marine to subaerial environment. Deposit occurs in horizons from 0.5 to 2.0 m thick in breccia and amygdaloidal basalt at the top of flows. Ore minerals are native copper and cuprite with lesser bornite, chalcocite, and chalcopyrite. Epidote and quartz wallrock alteration occurs locally. Deposits range from 0.3 to 1.0 m thick and up to 100 m long. Areas of Cu deposits are separated by barren areas that range up to several km wide. Host basalt are folded and fold limbs generally dip 40 to 60ø. Kutyrev and others, 1988. Russia P 53 3 Segenyakh 63 10 13N 63.1702777777778 137 50 44E 137.845555555556 Pb, Zn, CaF2 Mississippi Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Unknown Not available. Sette-Daban Consists of concordant horizons of disseminations, stringers and bedded breccia of sphalerite and fluorite that are hosted in Late Silurian (Ludlovian) dolomite and limestone that is overlain by Prjidolian marl. Deposit horizons consist of dolomite, calcite, fluorite, sphalerite and lesser galena and common metasomatic quartz, microcline, hyalophane and pyrite. Bedded breccia contains up to 20% sphalerite and 15% fluorite. Also occurring is cross-cutting breccia veins, that contain up to 70% fluorite and up to 8% sphalerite. The two known deposit horizons trend NS for 10 km and dipping eastward from 40 to 60ø. Distribution and concentration of sulfides is irregular. Kutyrev, 1984. Russia P 53 4 Rossomakha 63ø02' 63.0333333333333 137ø57' 137.95 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Unknown Grade of 0.5-2.5% Cu. Sette-Daban Consists of Cu sulfides that occur along endo-and exocontacts of a lava flow that is 200 m long and 35-120 m thick. Levashov, 1973; Kutyrev and others, 1988. Russia P 53 5 Onello (Lider) 62 22 44N 62.3788888888889 137 51 58E 137.866111111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Up to 264 g/t Ag. Au grade unknown. Allakh-Yun Consists of quartz veins and stringers that are hosted in Late Devonian diabase dikes. Vein minerals are quartz, bornite and pyrite. Veins range from 0.3 to 0.5 m thick and are short. Host dikes intrude Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate rock. Kokin, 1987. Russia P 53 6 Svetly 61 27 46N 61.4627777777778 137 18 33E 137.309166666667 Au Au in black shale Small Grade of 0.6-3.2 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun (or Khandyga?) Veins are hosted by Neoproterozoic (Riphean) clastic and carbonate deposits. Kirusenko, written commun., 1963. Russia P 53 7 Bular 61 13 20N 61.2222222222222 137 49 38E 137.827222222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Average grade of 24 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun Consists of disseminated galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and gold in a quartz vein that is 0.8-1 m thick and up to 1,200 m long. Vein strikes N30øE and dips steeply (60-80ø). Vein hosted in Lower Permian sandstone. T.S. Kirusenko, written commun., 1964; Grinberg and others, 1970. Russia P 53 8 Povorotnoye 60ø39' 60.65 137ø22' 137.366666666667 Nb, Ta REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Small Not available. Sette-Daban Consists of Nb minerals hosted by calcite carbonatite in the center of a pluton comprised of pyroxenite, ijolite, nepheline syenite and calcite and ankerite carbonatite. The pluton intrudes early Paleozoic carbonate rock. Entin and others, 1991. Russia P 53 9 Pereval'noe 60ø08' 60.1333333333333 136ø42' 136.7 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Unknown Average grade of 6% Pb+Zn with maximum of 50%. Average Pb/Zn ratio of 1:4. Kyllakh Consists of three stratiform Pb-Zn bodies occurring in the roof the Sardana Formation. They are 500-700 m long with a thickness ranging from 1 to 17 m. Deposit is 15 km to the SW of the Sardana deposit, on the eastern limb of the Kerbi-Khamna syncline. Davydov and others,1990. Russia P 54 1 Darpichan 61 42 00N 61.7 143 56 00E 143.933333333333 Cu, Mo Au, Ag Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Large Grade of 0.01-2.0% Cu, 0.02-0.40% Mo, up to 0.3 g/t Au, and up to 96 g/t Ag Kuydusun Consists of three stockwork zones associated with intensive metasomatic alteration composed of sericite, quartz, and pyrite. Deposit hosted in a Late Cretaceus phyolite and subalcaline granite and monzodiorite that intrudes volcanic rocks. The stockwork zones are of 600-1200 m length and of 250-500 m width. Ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, bornite, galena, and arsenopyrite. Sulfide contents is 1-5%. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia P 54 10 Tsvetok 61 36 00N 61.6 141 48 00E 141.8 Zn, Pb Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Small Up to 3.56% Zn, up to 2.38% Pb, up to 60 g/t Ag. Kukhtuy-Uliya Occurs in a fracture zone in propilized Late Cretaceous rhyolite-dacite of Ul'inskaya volcanic area intruded by a granite porphyry stock and rhyolite dikes. Consists of NE-trending, steeply-dipping zone of altered (chlorite-carbonate propilite) volcanic rock included dissemination and numerous small veins of sulfide and quartz-sulfide composition. The zone is 1000 m long and from 9 to 30 m wide. Major deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, rare-arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Gangue minerals are quartz, Fe-carbonate, chlorite, sericite, epidote and fluorite. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; S.T. Gorokhov, written commun., 1982, 1987. Russia P 54 11 Sakyryr 62 42 33N 62.7091666666667 138 21 39E 138.360833333333 Zn, CaF2 Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Unknown Not available. Sette-Daban Consists of sphalerite and fluorite in beds and in crosscutting breccia zones that are hosted in Late Silurian (Ludlovian) dolomite-altered limestone that is overlain by the Late Sulirian Prjidolian Marl. Bedded breccia range in thickness from 8 to 45 m. Fluorite comprises up to 60% one cross-cutting shoot. Dolomite zone is 5 km long. Kutyrev, 1984. Russia P 54 12 Surkho 61 35 00N 61.5833333333333 141 20 00E 141.333333333333 Sn W, Ag, Au Porphyry Sn Medium Grade of 0.1-2.92% Sn, 0.1-1.91% WO3, 1-200 g/t Ag, 1-3 g/t Au, up to 2.0% Cu. Kukhtuy-Uliya Deposit's location is controlled by SE-NW-trending normal fault along the contact of Dochkonakh granite and granodiorite laccolith and Permian sandstone with siltstone interlayers. The fault zone of 400-600 m wide includes numerous dikes of subalkaline fine-grained granite, rhyolite, diorite porphyry and diabase. The host rock is altered up to quartz-biotite hornfels, feldspar-rich rock and greisen along linear parallel zones. The altered rock includes several steeply-dipping linear stockwork zones of quartz-sulfide-cassiterite composition. Stockwork boundaries coincide with the aureole of quartz-biotite, sericite and greisen alteration, that is overprinted by chlorite-carbonate propylitic alteration that extends to periphery of the deposit. Distribution of deposit minerals is irregular. Disseminated deposit minerals locally contains rich zones in heavily fractured and brecciated rock. The deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite, stannite, cassiterite, scheelite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, tennantite and covellite. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; S.T. Gorokhov, written commun., 1982, 1987. Russia P 54 13 Dochkanakh 61 30 00N 61.5 141 13 00E 141.216666666667 Mo, W Au Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Medium Average grade of 0.12% WO3, 0.5 g/t Au. Upper Udoma Late Cretaceous elongated granite-porphyry body intrudes terrigenous sequence near the boundary of Ul'inckaya volcanic zone. Granite-porphyry and hosted sadnstone-siltstone sequence is altered at a square of 1.5 km2. Feldspathic, argillic, and propilite zones are developed. Altered rock hosts stockwork of quartz, quartz-feldspathic, quartz-carbonate-chlorite composition with sheelite, cassiterite, wolframite, molybdenite, gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite. Onikhimovsky and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia P 54 14 Rozovoye 60 21 00N 60.35 142 38 00E 142.633333333333 Mo Porphyry Mo (ñW, Sn, Bi) Large Resources of 10,000 tonnes Mo grading 0.15% (range of 0.06-0.6%) Mo. Kukhtuy-Uliya Occurs in the Northern part of Ul'insky volcanic depression. The basement of the depression consists of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic volcanic and sedimentary sequence. The volcanic cover of the depression predominantly consists of Late Cretaceous rhyolite and dacite, that is intruded by leucocratic granite, subalkaline granite and diorite. Sublatitudinal stockwork zone was discovered at the contact of leucogranite and subalkaline granite. Stockwork zone contains Mo molybdenite in disseminations in quartz and in quartz-feldspar veinlets cutting zones of silica, feldspar and weak pyrite alteration in granite. Associated minerals are pyrite, with rare chalcopyrite, sphalerite, wolframite and pyrrhotite. Onikhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996; L.R. Pereverzev and others, written commun., 1984. Russia P 54 15 Voskhod 61 22 15N 61.3708333333333 139 22 19E 139.371944444444 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Not available. South Verkhoyansk Consists of quartz veins up to 18 m thick and up to 1,000 m long that locally grade into stringers. Veins composed of quartz, albite, carbonate, arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and gold. Veins occur in faults that cut Permian sandstone and shale. Host sandstone exhibit quartz, sericite, albite and carbonate alteration. Grinberg and others, 1970. Russia P 54 16 Novinka 61 41 46N 61.6961111111111 138 17 18E 138.288333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Ranging up to 90 g/t Au. Allakh-Yun Consists of a quartz vein in Permian clastic deposits. Vein ranges up to 0.9 m thick and 100 m long. Major minerals are quartz, albite, sericite, native gold (fineness 955), galena, pyrite, sphalerite and tetrahedrite. Petrusevich, 1939; Grinberg and others, 1970. Russia P 54 17 Zaderzhnoe 60 27 28N 60.4577777777778 138 10 31E 138.175277777778 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown No data. Allakh-Yun Consists of sort veins (100-300 m long) and contortion zones, both up to 2 m wide, that generally trend EW. Veins are composed of quartz (96-98%), carbonate minerals (1-2%) and sulfides (1-2%) including pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and native gold (fineness 695-815). Deposit occurs in the core of an anticline formed in Early Permian black shale, argillite and siltstone in the Anchin fault zone. Pre-deposit diorite porphyry dikes intrude sedimentary rock. Deposit extends vertically about 350 m. Barakovsky, 1993; V.I. Shpikerman in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia P 54 2 Imtachan 62 57 16N 62.9544444444444 139 44 23E 139.739722222222 Pb, Zn, Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Adycha-Nera Consists of Sn polymetallic veins that occur in a linear, steeply-dipping fault zone that cuts Late Permian sandstone and shale. Main ore minerals are pyrrhotite, pyrite and sphalerite with lesser galena, arsenopyrite, maracasite, cassiterite, and stannite. Gangue minerals are quartz, siderite, and manganankerite. Deposit occurs in the dome of a plunging brachyform anticline in the contact metamorphic aureole of an unexposed granitoid intrusion. Indolev and Nevoisa, 1974. Russia P 54 3 Senduchen 63 21 04N 63.3511111111111 138 23 59E 138.399722222222 As, Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Small Grade of 10-58% As, 2.9% Sb. Khandyga Consists of quartz-carbonate veins composed of orpiment, stibnite, realgar, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, enargite, chalcopyrite and jamesonite. Individual orpiment concretions range up to 10 tonnes. The veins intrude dark-gray Silurian limestone, range up to 3.5 m thick, and occur in a fault zone that cuts an anticline. V. Korostelev, written commun., 1963. Russia P 54 4 Upper Menkeche 62 56 16N 62.9377777777778 139 27 14E 139.453888888889 Pb, Zn, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 2.7-11% Pb, 3.9-7.0% Zn, 138-332 g/t Ag. South Verkhoyansk Consists of abundant Ag polymetallic sulfide lenses and veins that occur in a linear, steeply-dipping NE-trending fault zone in Late Permian sandstone, siltstone and shale. The fault zone is about 10 km long and 1 km wide. The sulfide bodies occur mostly parallel to the fault zone, dip steeply, range from hundred of m to 3.5 km long and from 1 to 10 m (average 3 m) thick. The main deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite and pyrite. Lesser deposit minerals are cassiterite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, owyheeite, pyargyrite, tetrahedrite, diaphorite, boulangerite, native silver and gold. Gangue minerals are quartz, siderite, ankerite and calcite. Three sulfide assemblages and stages of deposit formation are: (1) sphalerite-quartz-siderite; (2) sulphoantimonite-galena; and (3) sulfide-carbonate. Regional metamorphism occurred between stages 2 and 3. The fault zone occurs along the dome of a plunging brachyform anticline. Part of deposit occurs in the contact metamorphic aureole of a Late Cretaceous granitoid intrusion that forms stocks and numerous dikes of granite porphyry and granodiorite porphyry. Lamprophyre and diabase dikes are widespread. V. Korostolev, written commun., 1963; Indolev and Nevoisa, 1974. Russia P 54 5 Stibnitovoe 63 13 36N 63.2266666666667 138 29 39E 138.494166666667 Sb Cu, Pb, As Ag-Sb vein Small Up to 1.37% Sb, up to 0.81% Cu, up to 0.5% Pb, up to 0.17% As. Khandyga Consists of a vertical quartz vein that cuts Devonian limestone. Vein composed of quartz, calcite, stibnite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, chalcostibnite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. Vein ranges from 0.5 to 2 m thick, more than 250 m long. Korostelev, written commun., 1963; N.A. Goryachev, written commun., 1992. Russia P 54 6 Levo-Dybin 62 50 14N 62.8372222222222 139 34 36E 139.576666666667 Au, W, Bi Te Granitoid-related Au vein Unknown Ranging up to 3% As, 7-13 g/t Au, up to 2.5% WO3, up to 1% Bi, up to 0.6% Te. South Verkhoyansk Consists of abundant quartz stringers, from 0.2 to 0.3 m thick, that form peculiar sheet stockworks in contact metamorphosed Late Permian sandstone beds, that range from 5 to 20 m thick. Stringers consists of quartz (90-95%), muscovite, potassium feldspar, scheelite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, niccolite, l”llingite, pyrrhotite, native bismuth, gold, bismuthine, Bi tellurides and sulfotellurides and maldonite. Deposit occurs for 800-1,000 m along strike of the bedding, above an Early Cretaceous granitoid body and in adjacent country rock. Kokin, written commun., 1978; Zubkov, 1984; N.A. Goryachev, written commun., 1993. Russia P 54 7 It-Yuryak 62 42 03N 62.7008333333333 139 38 11E 139.636388888889 W Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.05-5% WO3 . South Verkhoyansk Consists of quartz-wolframite and sulfide veins and stringers that range up to 20 m thick. Bodies range up to 250 m long. Vein minerals are quartz, wolframite, scheelite, muscovite, cassiterite, beryl, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. Veins intrude contact metamorhosed Late Permian siltstone and are associated with minor greisen. Korostelev, written commun., 1963; Shur, 1985. Russia P 54 8 Avliya 62 14 00 N 62.2333333333333 140 35 00 E 140.583333333333 Sn Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Average grade of 0.41% Sn. Range of 0.05% up to 14.88% Sn. Kuydusun Three stockworks and 27 mineralized fractured zones and quartz veins are hosted by terrigenous rocks of Verkhoyansky folded complex. Several small stock-like bodies of Late Cretaceus granodiorite and sub alkaline granite and dikes of acid composition are fixed within the ore field. Stockworks are characterized with 100-280m length and 74-220 m width. Vein-like mineralized bodies have high-angle dip. Their extension is from 150 up to 1100 m and thickness is from 0.2 up to 60.0 m. Cassiterite is the main ore mineral. It occurs in the shape of small graines or crystals of 0.1-2.0 mm size. Cassiterite graines and crystals aggregates form disseminated impregnations within the altered host rock along the veins. In places cassiterite forms the margin up to 2 cm width along the vein selvage. Other ore minerals are represented of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and hematite. Quartz and chlorite are the main gauge minerals. The deposit is unexplored completely. Onokhimovskiy and Belomestnykh, 1996. Russia P 54 9 Nezhdaninka 62 33 41N 62.5613888888889 139 18 34E 139.309444444444 Au, Ag Au in shear zone and quartz vein Large Reserves of 475 tonnes Au. Estimated resources of more than 500 tonnes Au. Minimum grade of 5 g/t Au, up to 6,748 g/t Au, up to 8,300 g/t Ag. South Verkhoyansk Consists of disseminated gold that occurs in: (1) steeply-dipping shear zones up to 40 m thick and 5.4 km long; (2) related tension-gash quartz veins that range up to 200 m long and 1.2 m thick; and (3) quartz lenses in shear zones. The vein minerals are quartz, carbonate, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, scheelite, sericite, albite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, Pb and Cu sulfosalts, stibnite and gold. Wallrock display silica, sulfide and sericite alteration. Quartz Ag polymetallic deposits cross-cut and post-date feathered quartz-veins. Deposit occurs along a major fault that cuts the core of a doubly-plunging anticline in Late Carboniferous to Early Permian sandstone and shale. Deposit extends extends more than 1,000 m vertically and is explored by boreholes and seven levels of adits. Korostolev, written commun., 1963; Silichev and Skobelev, 1970; Grinberg and others, 1970; Gamyanin and others, 1985; Gamyanin and others, written commun., 1990; Benevolsky and others, 1992. Russia Q 45 1 Nizhny Chopko 67 33 00N 67.55 89 25 00E 89.4166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Small Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of magnesioferrite bodies in diatremes related to the Permian-Early Triassic trappean magmatism. Pyroxene skarns predominantly occur. They replace the early Paleozoic calcareoargillaceous rock and marbles, trapps and trappean breccia. Local boreholes intersect magnesium-silicate skarns containing forsterite, spinel and serpentine and chlorite pseudomorphs after forsterite. Deposit minerals and wallrock contain halite, qypsum, and ankerite at deep levels. Dunaev, 1998. Russia Q 45 10 Turukhanskoye 65 51 00N 65.85 85 26 30 E 85.4416666666667 Fe Volcanogenic-sedimentary Fe Large Reserves of 3,000,000,000 tonnes grading 30-33% Fe, 1% P2O5; 0.4% MnO, and up to 0.16% V205.. Turukhansk Consists of ferruginous strata that overlie Turonian-Conyacian clay. The strata varies from 35 to 70 m thick and occurs at 30 to 40 m beneath the surface. Three Fe horizons range from 2 to 16 m thick. Deposit minerals are oolitic and consist of leptochlorite, hydrogoethite and leptochlorite-goethite. Shachov, 1964; Kashtanov, 1990. Russia Q 45 11 Fatyanichinskoye 64 10 00N 64.1666666666667 88 27 00E 88.45 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Large Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of stratified deposits of graphite and graphite shale in Paleozoic coal-bearing series which are intruded by a trapp sill of Triassic age. Graphite beds extend 120 m along strike and 0.7-2.6 m thick. Graphite occurs in columns, layers, masses, and breccia along with crystalline graphite. Deposit is abandoned. Malich and others, 1974, 1987. Russia Q 45 2 Degen River 66 44 00N 66.7333333333333 89 48E 89.8 Cu, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of sulfide copper-nickel ore deposits in large differentiated Degen intrusive of gabbro-dolerite composition. The main ore minerals are: pentlandite, cubanite, pyrrhotite, lesser chalcopyrite. Gradual transition from streaky to disseminated ores related to different rock horozons of intrusive is noted. Aureol of hornfelsed host rocks contaning streaky-disseminated ore mineralization occures in exocontact zone. Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia Q 45 3 Koly River 66 35 00N 66.5833333333333 89 56E 89.9333333333333 Cu, Co Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in Koly mafic-ultramafic massive of lopolith. Massif is differentiated from troctolite diabase to gabbro and diorite, that are in minor ammount and occur in upper part of intrusion. The thickness of intrusive is changing but not more than some tens m. Deposit occurs in interstitial dissemination and schlieren of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, cubanite and pentlandite, that occur as a thin bands often in middle parts of intrusive. Veins and streaks and disseminations of chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite occur in exocontact inside intrusive. Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia Q 45 4 Graviiskoye 67 35 00N 67.5833333333333 86 50 00N 86.8333333333333 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Small Not available. Igarsk Hosted in late Riphean red and grey sedimentary rock consisting of alternating argillite, clay limestone, and marl). Southern, Northern, Central, and Eastern deposits occur. The Southern and Northern deposits occur in basal layers of lagoonal sedimentary rock. The Southern deposit is 3.3 km long and the Northern deposit is 1 km long. Both vary from a few m to 60 m thick. Sulfides occur in streaks. Main ore minerals are diagenite, bornite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. Slight silica alteration of wallrock occurs. The Central deposit occurs above a paleouplift between two reefs. Deposit is 900 m long and up to 70 m thick. Main ore minerals are djurleite and bornite that occur in lenses and streaks. Sparse chalcopyrite and galena occur at the deposit periphery. Wall-rock alteration consists mainly of intense silica alteration with widespread antraxolite. The Eastern deposit consists of numerous lenses and masses of Cu minerals in conglomerate and breccia in the reef shelf. Main ore minerals are digenite and bornite with rare chalcopyrite, galena, and pyrite. Wall-rock alteration consists of carbonate and sparse antraxolite. Rzhevskiy and others, 1980; Gablina and others, 1986; Djuzhikov and others, 1988; Lurie, 1988. Russia Q 45 5 Severnaya River 2 66 35 00N 66.5833333333333 89 30E 89.5 Cu, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of disseminated Cu-Ni sulfides in weakly differentiated intrusive, that is composed mainly of olivine diabase containing lenses of troctolite diabases. Principal deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite. Intrusions of gabbro and diorite accompanied by thick aureoles of contact-altered and sulfide-altered rock also occur. Kavardin and others, 1967. Russia Q 45 6 Kureiskoye 2 66 54 00N 66.9 88 20 00E 88.3333333333333 Graphite Magmatic graphite Large Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of a bed of amorphous (cryptocrystalline) graphite in a Permian and Carboniferous coal-bearing sequence. The bed occurs above thick (150 m) interstratal Triassic trapp intrusion. Graphite bed extends up to four hundreds of m along strike. The thickness of a bed ranges from 4.5 to 15 m. There is also a bed of graphitized argillite of 3.8 m thick. The different types of graphite occur: columnar, layered, massive and brecciated. Crystalline graphite also occurs. The ore grade is 86.5-98.5% C, 3.9-10.5% ash, 0.86-2.88% volatiles.Deposit was abandoned. Solonenko, 1954; Malich and others, 1987. Russia Q 45 7 Sukharikhinskoye 67 14 00N 67.2333333333333 87 01 00E 87.0166666666667 Cu Sediment-hosted Cu Small Not available. Igarsk Consists of Cu minerals in Vendian and Cambrian marine grey-colored sedimentary rock overlapping the red-colored series. Two types of bodies occur: sheet and cross-cutting in the zone of crush. Sheets occur in a band up to 800 m wide and 1800 m long. The thickness of deposit varies from 4 to 15 m. Deposit minerals occur in disseminations and irregular masses. Deposit minerals are digenite, bornite and chalcopyrite. Nests of the massive chalcocite and bornite that occur at the upper exposed part of the zone of crush. Downward these deposit minerals are changed rapidly by bornite-chalcopyrite and low-grade chalcopyrite assemblages. It is likely that massive chalcocite and bornite are a zone of secondary sulfide enrichment. Djuzhikov and others, 1988; Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988. Russia Q 45 8 Kureiskoye 1 66 33 00N 66.55 88 08 30 E 88.1416666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of Mn magnetite depostis in limestone and marl and intruded by Triassic diabase. Deposit occurs in a disjunctive zone defined by geophysical data with up to 1.9 km-long veins of trapp diabase. Garnet-pyroxene-scapolite-wollastonite skarn also occurs. There are two types of deposit. Deposit consists of lenses and veins in contact zone of amphibolizied gabbro and diabase range up to 2.5 m thick. Their mineral composition is magnetite, Mn magnetite, calcite, scapolite, pyroxene, garnet, chlorite, amphibole, phlogopite. The lesser significant deposit is hosted in younger olivine diabase. Deposit minerals are Mn magnetite, feldspar, wollastonite, zeolite, zoisite, chlorite, calcite, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Kasatkin, 1949; Pavlov, 1961; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia Q 45 9 Severnaya River 1 66 03 00N 66.05 89 01E 89.0166666666667 Fe Fe skarn Medium Resources of greater than 100,000,000 tonnes grading 25-50% Fe. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of layered and lenses of magnetite in skarn in middle Paleozoic limestone along the border of amphibole gabrro and diabase sills (Triassic). Eight steeply-dipping bodies exist. The bodies extend 300-700 m along strike and range up to 15 m thick. Some small lenses and veinlets in brecciated zones in occur in diabase. Deposit minerals are magnetite, Mn magnetite, calcite, serpentine, chlorite, scapolite, pyroxene, garnet, wollastonite, phlogopite, amphibole, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite. P and S grade is about 0.06%. Pavlov, 1961; Kavardin, 1976; Kalugin and others, 1981; Djuzikov, 1988. Russia Q 46 1 Ulovny Kamen' 65 55 00N 65.9166666666667 94 00 00E 94 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Medium Not available. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of a bed of amorphous (cryptocrystalline) graphite in metamorphosed Early Permian coal-bearing sedimentary series. Metamorphism is related to the trappean intrusion (T). Graphite bed occurs in contact metamorphosed graphitized shale overlapping Devonian(?) limestone. The graphite bed extends up to 600 m along strike and has thickness of 2.8-4 m. Deposit occurs in columns, layers, masses and breccia. Crystalline graphite occurs. Deposit is abandoned. Malich and others, 1974. Russia Q 46 2 Anakitskoye 64 39 00 N 64.65 90 56E 90.9333333333333 Fe Fe skarn Large Grade of 24-61% Fe. Reserves of 500,000,000 tonnes. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of deep-steeping lens-like ore bodies of magnetite ore in contact zone of gabbro-diorite (T?) with Ordovician-Soiurian carbonate sequences. The host rocks are calc-silicate skarn and serpentine-chlorite-calcite metasomatites. Thickness of ore bodies varied from 15 to 37 m. The ores are massive (grade of 60%Fe) and dissiminated (grade of 24%Fe). The principal minerals are: magnetite magnesian magnetite, serpentine, diopside, chlorite. Associated minerals are: garnet, apatite, calcite, pyrite, chalcopyrite. Contents of S and P are insignificant. Recourses of Fe were establiched by data of magnetic prospecting. Kavardin, 1976; Kalugin and others, 1981. Russia Q 46 3 Noginskoye 64 28 00N 64.4666666666667 91 18 00E 91.3 Graphite Metamorphic graphite Large Grade of 71.33 to 90.56% C, 8.53 to 24.34 % ash, and 0.28 to 3.06 % volatiles. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of beds of amorphous (cryptocrystalline) graphite in an Early Jurassic coal-bearing sedimentary sequence that is intruded by a stratified trapp Triassic intrusion. Host rock consist of graphite and contact metamorphosed and graphite shale. Two beds of high-quality graphite occur, a lower bed that ranges up to 6.7 m thick and an upper bed that is 1.7 m thick. The beds extend for 1.2 km. Graphite occurs in crystalline form and comprises up to 40% by volume. Small amounts of hydrothermal graphite occur in carbonate veinlets with sulfides. Graphite occurs in columns, layers, masses and breccia. The grade is 71.33-90.56 C, 8.53-24.34% ash, 0.28-3.06% volatiles. Deposit was abandoned. Malich and others, 1974, 1987. Russia Q 47 1 Skala Suslova 64 11 00N 64.1833333333333 99 19 00E 99.3166666666667 Island spar Hydrothermal Iceland spar Medium Not available. Central Tungussk Consists of nests and veins of Iceland spar in Triassic basalt sheets. Flat-lying lava sheets are from 7 to 20 m thick. Veined manifestations of Iceland spar occur in mandelstone. The bodies range up to 5-7 m long and up to 1 m thick in swells. Crystals of Iceland spar occur in the central parts of bodies, whereas the outer parts of the latters are composed of quartz (amethyst) and chalcedony. Nest segregations of Iceland spar occur at the bottom of lava flows and occur in gruss cement between rounded blocks of mandelstone. Crystals of some tens of kilograms weight occur. Andrusenko, 1971; Kievlenko, 1974; Malich and others, 1987. Russia Q 47 2 Krutoye (Gonchak) 64 05 30 N 64.0916666666667 99 13 00E 99.2166666666667 Island spar Hydrothermal Iceland spar Medium Not available. Central Tungussk Consists of nests, veins and aggregates of Iceland spar in Triassic basalt sheets. The thickness of basalt sheets ranges up to 30 m. Vein deposits occur in mandelstone underlying lava. Veins range up to 7 m long and up to 1 m thick in swells. Iceland spar occurs in the central part of veins and is replaced by quartz (amethyst) and chalcedony towards the margin. Nests and veins of Iceland spar occurs also in spherulitic lava. Cement of spherulitic lava is hydrothermally-altered with formation of palagonite-chlorophaeite, zeolite, calcite, analcite, apophyllite, chalcedony and quartz. The lenses of spherulitic lava vary from 20 to 360 m long and range up to 8 m thick. Andrusenko, 1971; Kievlenko, 1974; Malich and others, 1987. Russia Q 49 1 Udachnaya 66ø26' 66.4333333333333 112ø13' 112.216666666667 Diamonds Diamond kimberlite Large Not available. Daldyn-Olenyok Consists of two conjugate western and eastern bodies that are shaped like a distorted figure eight in plan view. The pipe extends downward to 1400 m. In the upper levels, to a depth about 250 to 270 m, the western and eastern bodies merge, but separate at deeper levels. At depth of 280 m, both bodies are isometric and almost round in plan view. The pipe is Devonian The host rock is Early Ordovician, Late and Middle Cambrian massive dolomite, dolomite-altered limestone, marl, mudstone, silstone, sandstone and calcareous conglomerate. Brakhfogel' and others, 1997. Russia Q 49 2 Sytykanskaya 66ø01' 66.0166666666667 111ø41' 111.683333333333 Diamonds Diamond kimberlite Large Not available. Daldyn-Olenyok Consists of kimberlite pipe intruding Cambrian, Ordovician, and Early Silurian clastic and carbonate rock and overlain by Permian and Carboniferous coaly-clay shale, sandstone and siltstone as thick as 0 to 22 m, as well as trapps. Thickness of the trapp sill over the pipe varies from 5 to 72 m. The pipe consists of two independent bodies: NE (main) and SW. The contacts between the kimberlite and the host rock is sharp; slickensides are widespread. A brecciated zone up to 10-12 m thick occurs locally at the contact. Kimberlite in both bodies is intensely altered by secondary processes. Main secondary minerals are serpentine, calcite, dolomite, chlorite and pyroaurite making up 96% the rock volume; serpentine and calcite are predominant. Brakhfogel' and others, 1997. Russia Q 49 3 Yubileinaya 66ø00' 66 111ø41' 111.683333333333 Diamond Diamond-bearing kimberlite Large Not available. Daldyn-Olenyok Consists of kimberlite pipe intruding Cambrian, Early and Middle Ordovician and Early Silurian rock masses and is overlain by volcanic and late Paleozoic through early Mesozoic clastic rock intruded by diabase. The pipe provides an example of a combination of a typical diatreme (central part) and dike-shaped bodies (on the sides) forming three independent shoots. The central shoot has a characteristic tube form in section, with a cup-shaped in the upper widening part and almost round horizontal sections. The dike-shaped western and eastern shoots have wavy outlines both in plan and vertical section. Rock corresponding to two major phases of kimberlite emplacement occur: the sides consist of massive porphyry kimberlite of the first phase, whereas the central diatreme (below 300 m) consists of autolithic breccia of the second phase. The upper cup-shaped part of the pipe has a most complex structure and is inhomogeneous in composition. It consist of volcanic and sedimentary rock underlain by tuffs and tuff breccia injected by kimberlite breccia of the extrusive (final) stage of the diatreme formation. The pipe is not uniform in diamond content. The highest diamond concentrations occur in kimberlite under the cup-shaped widening. Brakhfogel' and others, 1997. Russia Q 49 4 Aikhal 65 54 N 65.9 111 31 E 111.516666666667 Diamond Diamond kimberlite Large Not available. Daldyn-Olenyok Consists of a kimberlite pipe hosted in Lower annd Middle Ordovician and Lower Silurian argillaceous carbonate sedimentaryh rock. The pipe is elongated to the northeast, and has irregular outlines in plan view at different levels and in cross-section. The pipe narrows at depth and grades into a dike that is 2-3 m thick with swells.Also occurring are numerous kimberlite dikes that crop out at the surface (four dikes) and at various depths. The amount of deep-level, associated minerals is minor. The minerals are rare picroilmente, and more abundant chrome-spinel, pyrope, and olivine. In breccia in the southwestern ore shoot and in tuff, the concentration of chrome-spinel is higher than pyrope, whereas in the central part of the pipe their occur in equal amount. Olivine only occurs in a third phase breccia, up to 5-9%. Brakhfogel' and others, 1997. Russia Q 52 1 Betyugen 67 05 41N 67.0947222222222 131 35 33E 131.5925 Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Grade of 35-40% Sb, up to 4.5% As. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Consists of small quartz-stibnite vens in gently-dipping interbed fractures. Veins range from 0.5 to 10 m thick and 30 to 200 m long. Two ore bodies predominate. Main minerals are stibnite, quartz, kaolinite, dickite, hydromica, ankerite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and gold. Wallrocks exhibit minor sericite, kaolinite, and sulfide alteration. Deposit occurs in the Dulgalak anticline dome formed in an uniform sequence of Upper Permian siltstone. Maslennikov, written commun.,1985. Russia Q 52 10 Bochiyskoe 66 14 14 N 66.2372222222222 129 57 45 E 129.9625 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.36-0.52% Sn. Verkhoyansk Deposit occurs in a sandstone bed on the eastern limb of an anticline and consists of a stringer from 8 to 10 m thick and 600 m long. Veins consist predominantly of sulfides, including chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, and stannite. Other vein minerals are quartz, tourmaline, calcite, ankerite, and cassiterite. Wallrocks exhibit tourmaline, chlorite, sericite, and kaolinite alteration. Ivensen and Proschenko, 1961. Russia Q 52 11 Imtandzha 66 07 56N 66.1322222222222 129 36 19E 129.605277777778 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Not available. West Verkhoyansk Occurs in a fissure zone that ranges up to 500 m wide, 2 km long along the axis of an anticline. Intruding the sedimentary rock is granodiorite porphyry dikes that are associated with deposit. The dikes cut polymetallic veins and in turn are cut by Sn-sulfide veins. Early-stage Ag-polymetallic veins are mostly conformable. Later-stage veins are mostly cross-cutting, but are less common. Veins range from 0.01 to 0.85 m thick. Major ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, and siderite. Lesser vein minerals are quartz, tetrahedrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and boulangerite. Later-stage veins contain quartz, chlorite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, cassiterite, tourmaline, and stannite, and range from 0.1-0.6 m thick. Stringers range 2 to 3 m thick and up to 1 km long. Ivensen and Proschenko, 1961; Indolev and Nevoisa, 1974. Russia Q 52 12 Mangazeika 1 65 46 07N 65.7686111111111 130 34 40E 130.577777777778 Pb, Ag Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Grade of 75% Pb, 0.3-5% Zn, 500-3,938 g/t Ag, 0.1-0.5 g/t Au. Reserves of 62,375 tonnes Pb, 2,900 tonnes Zn, more than 1,000 tonnes Ag. Ag mined from 1915-1922. Vostochno-Verkhoyansk Consists of nine interbedded polymetallic veins that occur in Early Permian deposits that are deformed into gently-plunging, tight folds that form a long, thin map pattern. Veins fill fissures along argillite and sandstone bed contacts. Bodies are conformable to bedding, 50 to 1,300 m long and 3 cm to 1 m thick. Main deposit minerals are galena and sphalerite. Minor deposit minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, owyheeite, freibergite, diaphorite, boulangerite, pyrargyrite,miargyrite, cassiterite, stannite and native gold, native silver and argentite. Gangue minerals are manganosiderite, quartz, ankerite, sericite, chlorite and tourmaline. Deposit formed in seven stages. Indolev and Nevoisa, 1974; Tseidler, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 52 13 Bezymyannoe 65 38 48 N 65.6466666666667 130 36 11 E 130.603055555556 Ag, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Grade of 4,800 g/t Ag, up to 41% Pb, up to 3% Zn, 0.11-0.54% Sn, 0.33-4.5% As, 0.11-0.54% Cu. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Consists of twelve gentlly-dipping veins that occur near the dome of an anticline formed in Lower Permian clastic rocks. Veins occur along or inclined to bedding, along sandstone and siltstone contacts, in fissures, and in cement breccia in sandstone beds. Veins are 50 to 600 m long and 5 to 60 cm thick. Veins consist mostly of quartz and siderite. Ore minerals comprise 10 to 15% of veins. Main ore minerals are owyheeite, diaphorite, galena, and miargyrite. Subordinate minerals are freibergite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrargyrite, stannite, sphalerite, cassiterite, argentite, native silver and gold, boulangerite, jamesonite, ferberite, and pyrrhotite. Deposit formed in nine stages. Indolev and Nevoisa, 1974; Tseidler, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 52 14 Chochimbal 65 53 36N 65.8933333333333 129 45 17E 129.754722222222 Au, Ag, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Grade of 0.1-15 g/t Au. Average grade of 2-3 g/t Au, up to 6,000 g/t Ag, 0.1% Sb, up to 1% As, 2% Zn, 18% Pb. West Verkhoyansk Consists of shallow-dipping, and steeply-dipping crosscutting carbonate-quartz-sulfide veins that occur in the Imtandzha anticlinal dome formed in Middle Carboniferous clastic rocks. Ten known ore bodies are known. Ore bodies range from 0.1 2.8 m thick and are 400-500 m long. Major ore minerals are quartz (30-60%), siderite (20-25%), sulfides (25-30%), pyrite, arsenopyrite, Fe-sphalerite, and galena. Lesser ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, tetrahedrite, bournonite, native gold (fineness 713-743), and boulangerite. Ivensen and others, 1975; Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 52 15 Dyabkhanya 65 29 52N 65.4977777777778 129 59 52E 129.997777777778 Au, Ag Cu, Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Grade of 3.9-11% As, up to 5.6 g/t Au, 1-4.31% Cu, 0.2-0.86% Pb, 0.49-1.48% Zn, 40-589.2 g/t Ag. Verkhoyansk Consists of sulfide-quartz veins and stringers that are hosted in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian sedimentary rock. Deposit occurs in three zones that are 270 to 2,000 m long and 1 to 30 m wide. Stringers range from 0.15 to 0.3 m thick. Major ore minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite. Rare ore minerals are pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and tetrahedrite. Gangue minerals are quartz and siderite. Host rock exhibits minor carbonate and sulfide alteration. Ivensen and others, 1975; Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 52 16 Galochka 65 42 03N 65.7008333333333 128 25 33E 128.425833333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Ranges up to 20.5 g/t Au, up to 6.4 g/t Ag. Verkhoyansk Consists of quartz stringers that are 30 m wide and 170 m long that occur along a NS-trending fault that cuts an anticlinal dome formed in Early Permian sandstone and shale. Stringers are 0.02 to 0.1 m thick and include quartz, calcite, chlorite, sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and gold. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 52 17 Mangazeika 2 65ø 73' 65.1166666666667 130ø 20' 130.033333333333 Ag Au in black shale Large Not available. Verkhoyansk Consists of high-angle veins that have a variable dip and strike and thin or branch into closely-spaced veinlets. The veins range from tens of centim to 2 to 2.5 m thick (in swells) and extend from a few m to tens of m to 700 to 1000 m long. Swells in veins range up to 25 to 30 m thick. Crush zones and closely spaced vein systems also occur. Deposit is discontinous in an area 3 km across and 19 km long and is hosted in Late Carboniferous and Early, Early Permian clastic rock. Deposit contains native silver, Sb Ag minerals, animikite, allargentum, acanthite, Pb-acanthite, Cu-acanthite, Ag2S-Cu2S sulfide series, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, stannite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, bismuthinite and stibinite. Also occurring are sulfosalts, including fahlore pyrargyrite, miargyrite, diaphorite, owyheeite, polybasite, stephanite, canfieldite, freieslebenite, geocronite, bournonite, boulangerite, gustavite and Ag-Bi-sulfotelluride. Deposit is interpreted as forming during Devonian rifting. Metals are interpreted as having been leached from Devonian basalt by sea water that circulated along faults. Deposit is large. Indolev and Nevoisa, 1974;Kostin and others, 1997. Russia Q 52 18 Balbuk 64 49 02 N 64.8172222222222 130 36 38 E 130.610555555556 Pb Au, Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Average grade of 11.2% Pb. Local areas with 380-420 g/t Ag and 70-80 g/t Au. Verkhoyansk Consists of a set of cross-cutting quartz-galena veins that occur in the dome of an anticline formed in Permian sandstone and siltstone. Main vein dips vertically, is 120 m long, and has an average thickness of 0.88 m. Vein contains swells up to 3 m thick that are spaced every 10 to 12 m. Swells form verticle columns. Breccia ores formed when host rock clasts were coated with quartz and galena. Some evidence indicates that some minerals crystallized from colloidal suspension. Veins locally consist mostly of galena (75%). V.I. Shpikerman in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia Q 52 2 Iserdek 67 08 19N 67.1386111111111 130 40 38E 130.677222222222 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Unknown Not available. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Occurs in dome of an anticline formed in Early Permian sandstone and siltstone along cross-cutting, steeply-dipping faults and along subconformable inter- and intra-bedded fractures. Main ore minerals are cinnabar, quartz, and dickite. Maslennikov, written commun., 1985; 1977; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 52 3 Zagadka 66 55 07N 66.9186111111111 131 01 07E 131.018611111111 Hg, Sb Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Large Grade of 0.22-6.2% Hg, 0.8-20% Pb, 2-10% Zn, 4-10% Sb, and up to 30 g/t Ag. Resources of 1,718 tonnes Hg, 1,000 tonnes Sb. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Consist of cinnabar and metacinnabarite and are relatively younger than associated Sb-Au vein deposits that consist of stibnite and berthierite. The Zagadka clastic sediment-hosted Hg deposit occurs in Late Permian sandstone and siltstone that is gentle folded and cut by steeply-dipping faults. Deposit occurs a linear zone about 2.4 km long in one of the faults. Thickness and morphology of deposit is controlled by shear zones and associated feathered veins and stringers. Deposit is mainly cinnabar that occurs in zones that range from 0.4 to 3 m thick. Subordinate minerals are galena, sphalerite, stibnite, Pb-sulfosalts and cassiterite. Gangue minerals are quartz, dickite and carbonate minerals. Wallrock exhibit dickite, quartz and carbonate alteration. Maslennikov, written commun., 1977, 1985. Russia Q 52 4 Syncha-I & II 67 49 36N 67.8266666666667 128 02 49E 128.046944444444 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Up to 2-5 g/t Au. Verkhoyansk Consists of two deposits about 20 km apart. Au quartz veins occur in an extensive NW-striking zone in anticlinal domes formed in calcareous sandstone and shale. Most veins are tabular, 2 to 3 m thick and 120 to 150 m long. Veins occur both parallel to and across bedding. Also occurring are extensive, conformable, sheet veins that are about 2.5 m thick and to 300 m long. Also occurring are small networks of veins in shear zones that range up to 5 m thick and 300 m long. Vein gangue is mostly quartz with subordinate carbonate and chlorite. Deposit minerals comprise 1% veins and include galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite(?), cassiterite and gold. Host rock exhibit mild silica, sericite and carbon alteration. Amuzinsky, 1975; Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia Q 52 5 Zvyozdochka 66 43 18N 66.7216666666667 131 02 44E 131.045555555556 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Medium Grade of 1.5-1.95% Hg. Reserves of 3,712 tonnes Hg. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Hosted in intercalated Triassic sandstone and siltstone that is deformed into small folds that strike roughly NS. Deposit is 0.2 to 11 m thick, dips W at 70 to 75ø and occurs along a fault that cuts an anticlinal axis. The margin of the deposit is not distinct and is defined by geochemical channel sampling. The major host lithology is sandstone along the western limb of an anticline. Cinnabar is the major deposit mineral and native Hg occurs at depths greater than 100 m. Other minor deposit minerals are metacinnabarite, pyrite, maracasite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite and rare stibnite, Au and Ag. Gangue minerals are quartz, ankerite, calcite, dickite and kaolinite. Wallrock exhibits intense silica, dickite and carbon alterations. Maslennikov, 1977; Klimov, 1979; V. Maslennikov, written commun., 1985; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 52 6 Kholbolok 66 15 27N 66.2575 131 48 25E 131.806944444444 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Unknown Contains up to 0.62% Hg. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Occurs in an anticlinal dome formed in Middle Triassic sandstone along intersections of variably-trending faults. Located by geochemical sampling. Disseminated ore minerals occur in silica-altered sandstone and metasomatic shear zones. Bodies range up to 15 to 20 m thick. Major ore minerals are cinnabar (5%), quartz, ankerite, and dickite. Rare ore minerals are pyrite, stibnite, realgar, orpiment, metacinnabarite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and gold are rare. Wallrocks exhibit silica and dickite alteration. Ivensen and others, 1975; Klimov, 1979; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 52 7 Kysyltas 65ø85' 66.4166666666667 130ø20' 130.333333333333 Ag, Au,Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Pentium vein 1 has an average grade of 575.5 g/t Ag, 3.06 g/t Au, 11.5% Pb, 8.32% Zn. Pozolota vein has grade of 3.38-14.1% Pb, 0.12-2.16% Zn, 60-1500 g/t Ag, 0.4-200 g/t Au. West Verkhoyansk Consists of quartz-sulfide veins with galena, sphalerite, bournonite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, tetrahedrite, Ag-tetrahedrite, freibergite, pyrargyrite, covellite and free gold. The veins cut Middle and later Carboniferous and Early Permian siltstone and sandstone in the core of the Kysyltas anticline. Ivensen and others, 1975; Kostin and others, 1997b. Russia Q 52 8 Kuolanda 67 10 31N 67.1752777777778 127 45 11E 127.753055555556 Pb, Zn, Ag Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Grade of 20-30% Zn, 2% Pb, 1.3% Cu, up to 953 g/t Ag. Reserves of 15,000 tonnes Pb, 120,000 tonnes Zn. Verkhoyansk Consists consists of a breccia with abundant veins and stringers of massive and disseminated galena and sphalerite that are hosted in Early Carboniferous siltstone and sandstone. Main deposit mineral is sphalerite with lesser galena and chalcopyrite. Subordinate minerals are siderite, arsenopyrite, glaucodot, pyrite, melnikovite, pyrrhotite and native silver. Veins are divided into sulfide and quartz-sulfide types. Some veins range up to 20 m long and 0.2-0.3 m thick. Vein zones range up to up to 280 m long and from 1.5 to 10 m wide. Deposit occurs along axis of an anticline. Ivensen and others, 1975; V. Tseidler, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 52 9 Anomalnoe 65 37 17N 65.6213888888889 131 49 18E 131.821666666667 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.001-2.57% Sn. Yana-Adycha Consists of three types of veins: (1) concordant occurrences in interbed fractures; (2) cross-cutting veins from 0.1 to 20 m thick; and (3) mineralized shear zones from 0.1 to 9 m thick. Vein zones range from 100 m to 2 km long. Main ore minerals are tourmaline, chlorite, quartz, arsenopyrite, cassiterite, wolframite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Lesser ore minerals are galena, Fe-sphalerite, Mn-siderite, scheelite, stannite, and tetrahedrite. Wallrocks exhibit tourmaline, silica, and chlorite alteration. Deposit occurs along western limb of an overturned syncline formed in Triassic to Early Jurassic sandstone and intercalated siltstone and conglomerate. Sedimentary rocks are contact metamorphosed from an unexposed intrusion. Pre-ore lamprophyre dikes occur within the ore field. Ivensen and others, 1975; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 53 1 Kysylga 67 33 21N 67.5558333333333 137 55 06E 137.918333333333 Au, Ag Ag-Sb vein Unknown Grade of 3.0-84.5 g/t Au, 1-37 g/t Ag, 0.01-0.1% As, 0.01-0.04% Sb, 0.002% Sn, 0.03% Pb. Selennyakh Consists of veins in a zone that varies from 0.60-1.25 m thick and up to 400 m long. Veins composed of gangue quartz and calcite with deposit minerals (1-5%) of arsenopyrite, pyrite, Ag-tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, boulangerite, Ag-jamesonite and gold (fineness of 638). Veins strike from roughly EW to NE and dip steeply to S. Veins exhibit breccia or, less commonly, comb and massive structures and often grade into stringers. Deposit occurs in feathered fissures of a NW-striking major fault in Late Triassic sandstone and siltstone. Host rock exhibit linear folding and intense contact metamorphism adjacent to a granitic intrusive. Wallrock exhibit sericite, chlorite and feldspar alteration. Shoshin and Vishnevsky, 1984; E. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985; Nekrasov and others, 1987; Gamyanin and Goryachev, 1988. Russia Q 53 10 Ulakhan-Egelyakh 67 08 51N 67.1475 134 21 02E 134.350555555556 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Large Average grade of 0.7% Sn, Pb, Zn, Cu. Yana-Adycha Consists of shear zones, extensive veins, and, stockworks that strike NE. Deposits average 1.6 m thick and range up to 2 km long. Minerals are quartz, chlorite, cassiterite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, siderite, fahlore, tourmaline, bismuthine and pyrargyrite. Deposit is hosted in Late Triassic sandstone and shale that is contact metamorphosed near the contact of the Arga-Ynnak-Khai granite pluton. Flerov, 1974; Shur and Flerov, 1979; Shur, 1985; Spomior and others, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 11 Delyuvialnoe 66 17 00N 66.2833333333333 136 53 01E 136.883611111111 Au W Granitoid-related Au vein Medium Grade of 0.1-75.8 g/t Au, average grade of 5 g/t Au, 0.1-3% W ; 0.01-1.1% As. Adycha-Nera Consists of shear zones and quartz stringers that occur in a brachyanticlinal dome formed in contact metamorphosed Late Triassic (Norian) sandstone and siltstone. The deposit area is 500 by 1,500 m. The shear zones range from 1 to 20 m thick, and stringers occur in zones up to 100 m thick. Shear zones and stringers occur in an areas that is 250-300 m long, trends east-west, and dips 50-70ø. An unexposed part of the neighboring Chenkelenyn intrusion is interpreted to occur at depth. The ore minerals are arsenopyrite and pyrite, and lesser galena, chalcopyrite, scheelite, wolframite, bismuthine, native gold (fineness 600-700), and cassiterite. Gangue minerals are mainly quartz and less common chlorite and carbonate minerals. Wallrocks exhibit chlorite and sulfide alteration. Rozhkov and others, 1964; Flerov and others, 1979; V. Vladimirtseva, written commun.,1985. Russia Q 53 12 Khoton-Khaya 67 17 27N 67.2908333333333 133 46 57E 133.7825 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Unknown Grade of 1.2-1.8% Sn. Yana-Adycha Consists of steeply-dipping shear zones that average 1 to 1.5 m thick and 100 to 1,000 m long. Deposit minerals are quartz, tourmaline, cassiterite, stannite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, bismuthine, chlorite and siderite. Wallrock exhibit silica, tourmaline and sulfide alteration. Deposit is hosted in Late Triassic sandstone and shale near the top of an unexposed granitic intrusion. Sedimentary rock is contact metamorphosed and is cut by numerous dikes of granite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry and less common diorite. Flerov, 1974; Spomior and others, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 13 Ak-Altyn 67 01 44N 67.0288888888889 133 59 46E 133.996111111111 Au Ag Au-Ag epithermal vein Small Grade of 0.2-60.4 g/t Au, 0.1-1% Ag, Hg, Pb, Sb, Zn, As, and Cu. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Consists of quartz and quartz-carbonate veins, up to to 2 to 3 m thick and stringers that occur in a zone 10-30 m wide and 150 m long. Deposit is hosted in gently-dipping Middle Triassic (Ladinian) clastic rocks that are intruded by Lower Cretaceous diorite porphyrite dikes. Ore is dominated by fine-grained quartz (chalcedony) with sparse sulfides (about 1%), including galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrite. Gold fineness is low. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 14 Ilin-Tas 65 59 56N 65.9988888888889 135 55 54E 135.931666666667 Sn W, Au Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Grade of 0.7-2.5% Sn, 0.3-1.0% W03; up to 10 g/t Au. Yana-Adycha Consists of complex veins and less common shear zones and stringers that cut contact metamorphosed, Late Triassic sandstone and siltstone adjacent to the Bezymyanny granitoid pluton. Bodies dip steeply, range from 0.01 to 6 m thick, and are about 100 m long. Veins are most dense at 500-1,000 m from the intrusive contact. Major minerals are quartz, tourmaline, cassiterite, stannite, wolframite, (ferberite), pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite. Also occurring are Bi and Te minerals. Shur and Flerov, 1979; Spomior and others, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 15 Alys-Khaya 65 55 49 N 65.9302777777778 135 42 50 E 135.713888888889 Sn Co Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. Yana-Adycha Consists of complex steeply-dipping northeast-striking polymetallic veins. Zones of closely-spaced veins are common. Veins range up to 1 m thick and about 100 m long. Veins are mainly quartz and chlorite. Main ore minerals are cassiterite, stannite, Co-arsenopyrite, safflorite, and sphalerite. Rare minerals are wolframite and chalcopyrite. Deposit occurs in one limb of a north-northwest-trending anticline formed in contact metamorphosed Upper Triassic (Norian) sandstone and shale. Sedimentary rocks are intruded by rhyolite, dacite, and andesite-basalt dikes that were also contact metamorphism during intrusion of Khatakchan granodiorite. Flerov, 1974; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 53 16 Burgochan 65 45 54N 65.765 134 45 18E 134.755 Sn Co Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 1.2% Sn, up to 0.34% Co. Yana-Adycha Consists of shear zones and steep-lying complex veins that are about 1 m thick and up to 800 m long. Deposit extends more than 200 m vertically. Minerals are quartz, chlorite, cassiterite, stannite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, sulfosalts, molybdenite, glaucodot, and bismuthine. Wallrocks exhibit silica, chlorite, sulfide, and tourmaline alteration. Deposit hosted in Upper Triassic (Carnian) sandstone, siltstone, and argillite that are contact metamorphosed and intruded by granodiorite, diorite porphyrite, and lamprophyre dikes. Flerov, 1974; Shur, 1985; Spomior and others, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 17 Singyami 64 41 39N 64.6941666666667 137 40 11E 137.669722222222 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Unknown Not available. Khandyga Consists of cinnabar that occurs in cross-cutting and interbedded shear zones. Deposit is hosted in Middle to-Late Triassic sandstone and siltstone that are deformed into brachyanticlines associated with faults. Klimov, 1979. Russia Q 53 18 Erikag 64 29 53N 64.4980555555556 137 18 01E 137.300277777778 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Not available. Tompo Consists of sulfide-quartz veins and stringers in a zone parallel to bedding. Veins and stringers extend in an EW-trending band that dips steeply S. Major minerals are quartz, pyrite, and stannite. Subordinate minerals are arsenopyrite, lollingite, cassiterite, bismuthine, native bismuth, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite with minor pyrargyrite and tetrahedrite. Wallrock exhibits intense chlorite, sericite, and tourmaline alteration. Deposit is hosted in steeply-dipping, contact metamorphosed sandstone and shale in the contact aureole of the Erikag granodiorite pluton that has a K-Ar isotopic age of 125 to 130 Ma. Flerov and others, 1974. Russia Q 53 19 Prognoz 65 40 37N 65.6769444444444 133 29 17E 133.488055555556 Ag, Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Large Grade of 3% Pb, 1% Zn, up to 600 g/t Ag. Resources of more than 2,000 tonnes Ag. World class deposit. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Consists of long and thin sulfide-carbonate veins in Triassic clastic rock. The major deposit minerals are siderite, galena, pyrargyrite, owyheeite, various Ag minerals and sphalerite and in granite porphyry dike. E. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1985; Alekseev and others, 1991. Russia Q 53 2 Ege-Khaya 67 38 07N 67.6352777777778 134 46 53E 134.781388888889 Sn, Zn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Grade of 0.1-3% Sn, 0.1-3% Zn. Limited production. Yana-Adycha Consists of shear zones, stringers, and less common veins that occur in zones that range from 0.7 to 4 m thick, extend for up to 1 km long, dip steeply and extend downdip for about 500 m. Host rock is weakly contact metamorphosed Late Triassic shale and interbedded sandstone. Major minerals are quartz, chlorite, cassiterite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, marcasite, siderite, and calcite. Subordinate minerals are arsenopyrite, galena, stannite, chalcopyrite, wolframite, native bismuth, tourmaline, and albite. Sulfides are predominant at depth. Wallrock exhibits chlorite, silicaj and sulfide alteration. Average grades are 0.1 to 3% Sn and 0.1 to 3% Zn. Limited production has occurred. Flerov, 1974; V. Spomnor and others, written commun., 1985; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 53 20 Agylky 64 17 24N 64.29 137 16 18E 137.271666666667 W, Cu WñMoñBe skarn Medium Not available. Tompo Consists of pyroxene-garnet-scheelite skarn that occurs in layers of metamsomatized limestone in contact metamorphosed Early Triassic argillite and siltstone. Layers range up to 3 to 5 m thick. Three successive metasomatic mineral assemblages ocur: (1) scheelite-quartz; (2) sulfide; and (3) calcite. Most W occurs in scheelite and rarely in wolframite. Main sulfide minerals are pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. Subordinate minerals are pyrite, arsenopyrite, stannite, sphalerite, galena, native bismuth, and bismuthine. Contact metamorphosed argillite does not contain ore mienrals. Deposit occurs on limbs of a brachyform anticline in the thermal aureole of an unexposed granitoid intrusion with numerous apophyses of granodiorite porphyry dikes. Deposit dips 20 to 35ø on anticline limbs. Flerov and others, 1974. Russia Q 53 21 Imnekan 64 45 32N 64.7588888888889 135 44 27E 135.740833333333 Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Not available. Khandyga Consists of massive quartz-stibnite veins that contain up to 1% pyrite, and arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and other sulfides. Deposit associated with older lamprophyre dikes and occurs in the dome of the Korobchataya anticline formed in intercalating Early to Middle Triassic siltstone and sandstone. Veins occur along a zone of major longitudinal and transverse intersecting faults, and in fractures that occur diagonal to the fold axis. Veins also occur along contacts between dikes and host rock. Wallrock exhibits quartz-sericite, carbonate, and silica alterations. Klimov and Indolev, 1979. Russia Q 53 22 Bugdogar 65 12 29N 65.2080555555556 133 58 39E 133.9775 Sn Pb Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.01-0.2% Sn, 0.1-3% Pb, up to 0.2% W. Yana-Adycha Consists of more than 30 shear zones with mainly quartz and sulfide minerals. Shear zones range from 1 to 8 m thick, up to 1 km long, and occupy an area of 1.5 km2. Main ore minerals are limonite, cassiterite, wolframite, galena, arsenopyrite, and chalcopyrite. Ore partly oxidized. Deposit hosted in Middle Triassic contact metamorphosed sandstone and shale adjacent to contact of the small Bugdogar granite stock. Tseidler, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 23 Khunkhada 64 34 03N 64.5675 134 49 17E 134.821388888889 W, Sn WñMoñBe skarn Small Contains up to 0.25% W03. Tompo Consists of sheeted skarn bodies in contact metamorphosed Late Permian to Early Triassic siltstone. Skarn bodies range from 1.4 to 3.5 m thick and from 10 to locally more than 100 m long. Major minerals are pyroxene, garnet, quartz, pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and scheelite. Natapov, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 53 3 Burgavli 66 27 40N 66.4611111111111 137 38 42E 137.645 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Medium Not available. Chybagalakh Consists of stockworks, mineralized shear zones and short feathered veins. Ore minerals are quartz, adularia, arsenopyrite, muscovite, cassiterite, fluorite, tourmaline, beryl, topaz, apatite, scheelite, wolframite, and bismuthine. Some ore bodies are dominated by pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, ferruginous sphalerite, stannite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and siderite. Wallrocks altered to greisen along with tourmaline, and quartz alteration. Deposit occur in an east-west trending fault that cuts Middle Jurassic sandstone in a small anticline. Host rocks are contact metamorphosed over an area of 3 km2. Flerov, 1974; Flerov and others, 1979. Russia Q 53 4 Billyakh 67 35 03 N 67.5841666666667 134 06 11 E 134.103055555556 Sb, Au Ag-Sb vein Unknown Grades up to 23.2% Sb. Eckyuchu-Billyakh Consists of stibnite and quartz veins, stibnite stringers, and two stockworks in the dike, adjacent to hanging wall of dike. Main ore minerals are stibnite, quartz, ankerite, calcite, gold, and dickite. Deposit occurs in an east-west trending granite-porphyry dike that intrudes Upper Triassic sandstone and siltstone deformed into a gently-plunging fold. Wallrocks exhibit sericite, silica, and sulfide alteration. A granite body is interpreted to occur at depth. The dike has a K-Ar isotopic age of 119 Ma, is 7 km long, 2-35 m thick, and dips steeply to south. Indolev and others, 1980; Maslennikov, written commun., 1985; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 53 5 Kere-Yuryakh 66 16 30N 66.275 137 57 36E 137.96 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Average grade of 0.6% Sn, 0.487% As, 0.62% W. Chybagalakh Occurs in the apical portion of a granite pluton that intrudes an anticline formed in Middle Jurassic sandstone. Deposit consists of stockwork, veins, and stringers that occur along the upper contact of the pluton. The veins and stringers are 0.1 to 2 m thick and range up to 100 m long. Outcrops of vein and stringer zones vary from 50 to 150 m wide. Major minerals are quartz, tourmaline, muscovite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite, and wolframite. Rare minerals are topaz, apatite, scheelite, tetrahedrite, pyrite, molybdenite and bismuthine. Deposit exhibits intense greisen alteration. Flerov and others, 1979. Russia Q 53 6 Lazo 66 38 07N 66.6352777777778 136 50 46E 136.846111111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.1-9.1 g/t Au. Adycha-Nera Consists of a set of en-echelon quartz veins and locally a stockwork that strike NE. Veins are 0.04 to 0.4 m thick and up to 100 m long. Density of veins ranges from 1 to 10 per one meter. Deposit minerals are arsenopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, galena, boulangerite and sparce scheelite. Gold occurs irregularly with an average grade of 1.2 g/t Au in the stockwork. Wallrock exhibit beresite alteration. Deposit occurs along limb of a syncline formed in contact metamorphosed Late Triassic siltstone and sandstone. Sedimentary rock is intruded by diorite porphyry dikes and two small stocks of diorite and granodiorite. Rozhkov and others, 1964; Flerov and others, 1979; Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987. Russia Q 53 7 Sentachan 66 29 23N 66.4897222222222 137 03 11E 137.053055555556 Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Medium Grade of 3.2-40.3% Sb, cally up to 30% Sb and 50 g/t Au. Reserves of 100,000 tonnes Sb. Taryn Consists of two rod-like veins, from 85 to 200 m long and 0.2-3.1 m thick, occur in shear zones that strike NW and dip 60-80ø NW. Veins extend to at least a depth of 600 m. Main deposit minerals are stibnite and quartz. Subordinate deposit minerals are ankerite, muscovite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, dickite and hydromicas. Rare minerals are sphalerite, gold, chalcostibnite, berthierite, tetrahedrite, zinkenite, jamesonite, aurostibnite and chalcopyrite. Wallrock exhibit quartz, carbonate, hydromica and dickite alteration. Disseminated pyrite and stibnite occur in aureoles around deposit. Deposit is hosted in Late Triassic (Norian and Rhaetian) clastic rock that is deformed into NW-trending, gently-plunging folds. Bodies occur along NW-trending Adycha-Taryn fault zone and are conformable to folding. Berger, 1978; Zharikov, 1978; Indolev and others, 1980; Maslennikov, written commun., 1985; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 53 8 Kester 67 17 29N 67.2913888888889 134 37 41E 134.628055555556 Sn, Ta, Nb, Li Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.3% Sn, up to 0.5% Nb205; up to 0.35% Li20 . Partly mined. Yana-Adycha Consists of greisen with major minerals of quartz, muscovite, albite, K feldspar, molybdenite, zinnwaldite, tourmaline, topaz, amblygonite, apatite, cassiterite, wolframite, and tantaloniobate, and lesser stannite, arsenopyrite, and Pb sulfosalts. Host granite exhibits intense greisen alteration with local tourmaline and sulfides. Deposit is irregularly shaped and occurs along the margin of a stock of subalkalic alaskite granite that intrudes the Arga-Ynnakhai granodiorite pluton. Deposit is 80 by 1,200 m in plan view and extends to a depth of 60 m thick. Flerov, 1974; V. Spomnor and others, written commun., 1985; Shur, 1985. Russia Q 53 9 Uzlovoe 66 06 13N 66.1036111111111 137 47 33E 137.7925 Au, Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Unknown Average grade of 6.64 g/t Au for one ore body, range of 0.2-36.2 g/t Au. Average grade of 0.1-48% Sb. Taryn Consists of quartz-stibnite veins and stringers that occur in mylonitc formed in Triassic rock in the Adycha-Taryn fault. Two stringers occur, along with stibnite lenses and tabular bodies. Zones range up to 2.5 to 3 m thick and up to100 m long. Stringers are associated with disseminated sulfide aureoles. Major minerals are quartz, stibnite, arsenopyrite and pyrite. Maslennikov, written commun., 1985. Russia Q 54 1 Khotoidokh 66 26 50N 66.4472222222222 141 08 39E 141.144166666667 Pb, Zn, Ag Cu, Au, Barite Volcanogenic Zn-Pb-Cu massive sulfide (Kuroko, Altai types) Large Average grade of 5.15% Pb, 14.9% Zn, 0.7% Cu, and more than 100 g/t Ag. Known resource of 180,000 t Pb, 900,000 Zn, 150,000 tonnesCu, about 1,000 tonnes Ag. Erikit Hosted in Late Jurassic siliceous and calcareous shale interbedded with tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, andesite, ignimbrite, rhyolite and rhyodacite lava. The volcanic and sedimentary rock is deformed into a sublatitudinal syncline, are intruded by two small-sized subvolcanic rhyolite bodies, are altered to carbonate and chlorite propylite and grade northward into albite alteration. Deposit is bounded by a major fault that is exposed for for 3 to 4 km and occurs in the subsurface along topographic lows and contains a rusty surface rock caused by oxidation of pyrite. Deposits consists of a lenticular body of quartz, barite and pyrite that occurs at the base of a rhyolite unit in silica-clay rock. Deposit is about 12 m thick, 400 m long and is surrounded by quartz-sericite-pyrite metasomatite. The metasomatite contains quartz, sericite, barite and pyrite with up to 10% barite, greater than 15% pyrite, 50 g/t Ag and 2 to 5 g/t Au. The principal deposit minerals (>10%) are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, barite and quartz in various mineral assemblages. (1) The oldest assemblage is quartz, sphalerite and barite with mainly sphalerite and barite. In weakly-altered areas, barite ususally forms large prismatic crystals, sphaliterite occurs in equigranular quartz aggregates. (2) A younger assemblage of tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, bornite and galena is enriched in Ag. Ag content in galena ranges up to 3500 g/t. Also occurring are native silver, Au, matildite and andorite. Ag deposits are extensive and average 150 to 200 g/t Ag. Distribution of Au is irregular, with a maximum of 12 g/t and an average of 1 to 2 g/t Au in electrum (fineness of 482 to 780). During regional metamorphism, early assemblages were recrystallized into fine to coarse layers with spiral, lenticular and concentric structures. (3) A youngest assemblage of calcite and dominant pyrite metasomatically replaces the older two assemblages. The parts of the deposit that are not regionally metammorphosed exhibit stable Au/Ag ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:300. A quartz-sericite-pyrite metasomatite with contrasting Zn, Pb and Ag geochemical anomalies serves as a criterion for search for blind deposits. E. Naumov, written commun. 1987; Danilov and others, 1990; Shpikerman, 1998. Russia Q 54 2 Titovskoe 67 32 32N 67.5422222222222 139 13 40E 139.227777777778 B Sn Sn skarn Medium Average grade of 9.5% B2O3; 0.3% Sn. Chybagalakh Consists of forty bodies that of Mg skarn that occur along the contact between the quartz monzonite phase of an Early Cretaceous granitoid intrusion and Silurian and Devonian dolomite and limestone. The skarn range from 5 cm to 20 m thick and from 50 to 1,000 m long. Main deposit mineral is ludwigite that forms up to 70 to 80% some deposits. The skarn also contains ascharite, kotoite, datolite, harkerite, monticellite, fluorborite, clinohumite, calcite, periclase, forsterite, diopside, vesuvianite, brucite, garnet, axinite, tourmaline, biotite, phlogopite, serpentine, spinel, hornblende, pyroxene, feldspar, quartz and magnetite. Sn occurs as an isomorphous admixture in ludwigite. Ludwigite is often replaced by sulfides, including pyrrhotite, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite. Kotoite veins occur along margins of ludwigite bodies. Contact between the intrusion and carbonate is highly irregular. Most skarn bodies occur in embayments into the intrusion. Deposit occurs in an area 3 by 6 km, is medium-size to large, and has an average grade of 9.5% B2O3 and 0.3% Sn. Dorofeev, 1979. Russia Q 54 3 Dogdo 67 21 07N 67.3519444444444 139 26 49E 139.446944444444 Hg Barite Volcanic-hosted Hg Medium Grade of 0.35-0.90% Hg. Selennyakh Consists of four lenticular and podiform ore bodies that occur in strongly silicified Late Jurassic andesite-dacite tuff. Ore bodies are 20 to 100 m long and 2 to 8 m wide. Ore minerals are quartz, calcite, barite with disseminations and stringers of cinnabar, pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite. Ore district is characterized by a close correlation between Hg content and barite. Deposit controlled by a northwestern thrust fault, secondary quartzite occurrences, and occurrence of ore bodies along feathering fractures of the thrust fault. Klimov, 1979; Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987. Russia Q 54 4 Aleshkino 67 11 01 N 67.1836111111111 138 22 25 E 138.373611111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Medium Grade of 8-45.6 g/t Au. Chybagalakh Consists of six quartz veins that range from 0.35 to 1 m thick and up to 160 m long, in a single shear zone. Deposit hosted in contact- metamorphosed Late Jurassic(?) rocks at top of a major granite intrusion. Main ore minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, gold, and molybdenite. Veins occur in an minor aureole of altered rock. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987. Russia Q 54 5 Uchui 65 46 34N 65.7761111111111 138 22 06E 138.368333333333 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Not available. Adycha-Nera Consists of quartz veins in thin sandstone beds. The veins are short and cross-cutting, have a complex morphology and range up to 250 m long and 26 m thick. The veins locally grade into sheet stockworks that ranges from 10 to 20 m thick and up to 150 m long. Six major veins occur. The major vein minerals are quartz, albite, carbonates and sericite and lesser arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite and gold. Disseminated arsenopyrite commonly occurs in Wallrock that exhibit silica, albite and carbon alteration. Deposit is hosted in Late Triassic shale that is folded into a major anticline. V. Skornyakov, written commun., 1951; Rozhkov and others, 1964. Russia Q 54 6 Darpir 65 30 04N 65.5011111111111 138 54 35E 138.909722222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Not available. Adycha-Nera Consists of about 70 quartz and quartz-carbonate veins hosted in Upper Triassic sandstone and shale. Most veins strike northeast and range up to 200 m long and from 0.5 to 0.8 m thick. Vein zone extends for 30 km. Vanina, Malyutka, Iskra, and Dar veins are most important and consist of lenses up to 60 to 80 m long. Ore minerals are arsenopyrite, galena, and native gold (fineness 789). Shale exhibits minor chlorite, carbon, and pyrite alteration. Sandstone locally altered to beresite. Skornyakov, written commun., 1951, Russia Q 54 7 Tumannoe 65 36 26N 65.6072222222222 138 33 01E 138.550277777778 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.1-177 g/t Au. Adycha-Nera Consists of small, conformable quartz veins hosted in Norian siltstone. Veins consist of scheelite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and gold. Sulfide disseminations occur in an aureole of host rock. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987. Russia Q 54 8 Seikimyan 64 07 37N 64.1269444444444 139 51 48E 139.863333333333 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Unknown Ranges up to 0.1-0.5% Hg. Khandyga Consists of stringers and disseminations with quartz, dickite, cinnabar, calcite and pyrite and rare galena, sphalerite and arsenopyrite. Deposit is hosted in feathered shear and breccia zones in sandstone with dimensions of 0.4-7 by 50-200 m. Deposit occurs on NE limb of an anticline formed in Late Triassic sandstone and siltstone. Deposit is bounded by faults that occur parallel to the major, regional Bryungadin fault. Grade ranges up to 0.1-0.5% Hg. Klimov, 1979; E. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987. Russia Q 54 9 Erel 64 30 13N 64.5036111111111 138 25 25E 138.423611111111 Hg Clastic sediment-hosted HgñSb Small Average grade of 0.65% Hg. Khandyga Consists of three steeply-dipping bodies that occur in zones of brecciated Triassic sandstone that are cemented with quartz and carbonate. Bodies range from 2.8 to 7 m thick and up to 50 m long. Ore minerals are cinnabar, with less than 1% pyrite and arsenopyrite. Gold is very scarce. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987. Russia R 45 1 Telmi River 70 18 00N 70.3 89 15E 89.25 Cu Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfides in differentiated gabbro and diabase intrusive. Two types of deposit occur: (1) disseminated in intrusive rock (olivine, picritic and taxitic gabbro and diabases); (2) streaks and disseminations in metamorphic and metasomatic rock at the contact aureole. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite, talnachite, cubanite and millerite, Dyuzhikov and others, 1988. Russia R 45 10 Chernaya Gora 69 11 00N 69.1833333333333 88 20E 88.3333333333333 Cu, Ni, Co, PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Average grade of 0.25% Ni and 0.55% Cu. Norilsk Consists of mainly disseminated copper-nickel sulfide ores at the base of the host layered intrusion. Ore-containing intrusive body differentiated from gabbro and quatrz gabbro-diorite at the top to picritic and taxitic gabbro-diabase near the base. Intrusive deeped gently (4-8o), is 500-700 m wide in plane, 100-150 m thick, and was discovered up to 4 km to the depth. The ores located in picritic and taxitic gabbro-diabases. Industrial ore horizon is from 2 to 25 m thick. The main ore minerals are: pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, cubanite; as secondary minerals occur: magnetite, titanomagnetite, chromite, bornite, valleriite, pyrite. Ivanov and others, 1971; Zolotuchin and Vasil'ev, 1976; Smirnov, 1978. Russia R 45 11 Ergalakh River 69 03 00N 69.05 87 07E 87.1166666666667 Cu,Co Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of local sulfide Cu-nickel minerals in gabbro and diabase of Permian age. Sulfide mlnerals occur in zones of disseminated pentlandite, chalcopyrite. pirrhotite, marcasite, and ilmenite. Kavardin and others, 1967. Russia R 45 12 Chabechete Lake 68 46 00N 68.7666666666667 87 35E 87.5833333333333 Cu, Co Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of zones of disseminated copper-nickel sulfide mineralization in gabbro-dolerite intrusive of Permian age. Ore minerals are pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, ilmenite. Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia R 45 13 Serebryany Brook 68 42 00N 68.7 87 04E 87.0666666666667 Cu, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of zones of disseminated Cu-Ni sulfides in Permian(?) gabbro and diabase. Deposit minerals are pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcazite and ilmenite. Sulfide amount is low. Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia R 45 14 Bolgokhtonskoye 68 21 00 N 68.35 86 50 E 86.8333333333333 Cu, Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Medium Not available. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Mo sulfides in veinlets and disseminations in hydrothermally-altered rock along contact of Bolgokhtokh granite pluton, in both the pluton and in adjacent intrusive rock. The granite pluton stock intrudes Silurian and Devonian limestone, marl, and siltstone and Permian and Triassic volcanic rock and diabase. Metasomatite consists of calc-silicate skarn, quartz-feldspar, quartz-sericite and quartz-calcite-chlorite rock. Two main districts occur. A Southern district occurs at depth and consists of streaks and lesser disseminations and nests. Thickness ranges up to 0.8 to 1 cm. A Western zone crops out at the surface and consists of streaks and disseminations. Ore minerals are magnetite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite, scheelite, bornite, fahl orewolframite, and galena. Gangue minerals are quartz, sericite, K-feldspar, and carbonate. Polymetallic sulfides increase in the propylite in the exterior part of the deposit. Matrosov and Shaposhnikov, 1988; Dyuzhikov and others, 1988. Russia R 45 2 Oktyabrskoye 3 69 33 00N 69.55 88 19E 88.3166666666667 Cu, Ni, Co, PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Not available. World class deposit. Norilsk Consists of Cu sulfides-Ni deposits in differentiated mafic-ultramafic Talnakh intrusive (P-C). Intrusive composed by gabbro, non-olivine- and olivine-biotite gabbro and diabase. The role of olivine-rich rock increases to the intrusive floor. Deposit-hosting intrusive is at the 600 to 1400 m depth and hosted in Middle Devonian metamorphosed rock. Three types of Cu sulfides-Ni minerals occur: massive, disseminated in intrusive rock and disseminated in host rock. Massive sulfides occur in layers dipping at low angles over an area about 4 sq.km. and range from 1 to 46 m thick. Disseminated deposit minerals compose some horizons at the base of intrusive having total thickness up to 40 m. Disseminated essentialy Cu deposit minerals occur in contact zone of intrusive and are from 2 to 10 m thick. Principal deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, cubanite. Secondary minerals: magnetite, ilmenite, chromite, valleriite, bornite, pyrite. The deposit minerals are PGE-enriched. Zolotukhin and others, 1975; Smirnov, 1978. Russia R 45 3 Imangdinskoye 69 07 00N 69.1166666666667 89 35E 89.5833333333333 Cu, Ni, Co, PGE Cr Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Medium Not available. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfide minerals in differentiated Imangda ultramafic-mafic intrusive that intrudes along the contact of Silurian and Devonian rocks. The intrusive contains gabbro, diorite, non-olivine and olivine gabbro, diabase, and picrite. Schlieren of leucogabbro are widespread at the upper exocontact zone of intrusive. The total thickness of intrusive body is 30-100 m. Two types of ore minerals occur: (1) disseminations in a horizon of chromite taxitic gabbro at the upper exocontact of intrusive; and (2) disseminated ore minerals in picrite and taxitic gabbro and diabase in the differentiated part of the intrusive. Streaks and dissemiations also occur. The principal ore minerals are pyrrhotite (30-62%), chalcopyrite (15-25%), cubanite (0-25%), pentlandite (15-12%), andmagnetite (8-15%). Lesser pyrite, ilmenite, and valleriite also occur. Picrite gabbro and diabase contain abundant chromite along with sulfide disseminations. Cr concentrations correlate with elevated Pt. Zolotuchin and Shchedrin, 1977; Dyuzhikov and others, 1988. Russia R 45 4 Talnakh 69 27 00N 69.45 88 21E 88.35 Cu,Ni,Co,PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Grade of 0.5-30% Cu, 0.5-6% Ni; 0.01-0.15% Co. World class deposit. Norilsk Consists of layersand lenses of Cu-Ni sulfides in differentiated Permian and Triassic Talnach mafic-ultramafic intrusive. Dipping at low angle layered intrusive body ranges up to 200-220 m thick (70-80 m in average) is constructed by alternating horizons of leucocratic gabbro, non-olivine and olivine gabbro and diabase, picritic diabase and picrite. The deposit minerals occur in masses, streaks and disseminations. Disseminated deposit minerals are wide-spread and occur at the lower horizons of intrusion. Streaks and disseminations of deposit minerals are lesser and occur mainly around massive sulfide bodies as well as in altered rock at contact aureol of intrusion. Thickness of layered bodies in the base of the host layered intrusion is small, but at the top of intrusion more thick bodies (up to 10-20 m) and saddle deposits formed. Massive sulfides are located at the base of intrusive and in underlying rock. Usually, each of deposits contain some variable size bodies of massive sulfides. The main, massive Southern body ranges up to 45 m thick. The principal deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, millerite, heazlewoodite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, bornite, chalcocite, pyrite, magnetite. Pt minerals occur. Along with different silicate minerals, gangue minerals contains anhedrite, brucite, apatite, graphite and others. Grade of PGE and gold range up to several g/t. Kavardin and Mitenkov, 1971; Zolotuchin and others, 1975; Smirnov, 1978; Dyuzhikov and others, 1988. Russia R 45 5 Makus 69 03 00N 69.05 89 23E 89.3833333333333 Fe Fe skarn Small Average grade of 66% Fe. Kureisko-Tungsk Consists of magnetite bodies in metasomatically alterd rock at the hanging wall of Triassic diabase intrusive. Rare deposit minerals occur in diabase, hornfels and xenolite of sedimentary rock. Metasomatite consists of diopside-garnet, diopside-albite and diopside-cordierite varieties of rock. Deposit extends up to 800 m along strike and is 20-30 m thick. The bodies are irregular and sharply thinned out to depth. The deposit minerals occur in masses, disseminations, and and consist of magnetite, diopside, garnet, chlorite, albite and calcite. Staritsky and others, 1970; Malich and others, 1987; Djuzikov and others, 1988 Russia R 45 6 Norilsk II 69 17 00N 69.2833333333333 88 20E 88.3333333333333 Cu, Ni, Co, PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Not available. World class deposit. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfides in a differentiated mafic-ultramafic intrusive that has a honolithe form and extends for 7 km, ranges from 100 to 300 m thick and ranges from 100 to 800 m wude in plan view. The intrusion is layered and consists of gabbro and diabase at the top and olivine-biotite and picritic at the bottom. An irregular sulfide horizon occurs near the base of the intrusive, but often occurs in the footwall. The principal deposit minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, cubanite, chalcopyrite; bornite, chromite, valleriite, pyrite, PGE-minerals also occure. The deposit minerals are enriched in PGE. Zolotuchin and Vasil'ev, 1967; Ivanov and others, 1971; Smirnov, 1978. Russia R 45 7 Norilsk I 69 17 00N 69.2833333333333 88 16E 88.2666666666667 Cu, Ni, Co, PGE Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Large Not available. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits hosted in the Triassic Norilsk differentiated mafic-ultramafic intrusive. The intrusive has a layered layered form that extends for 12 km and ranges from from 30 to 350 m thick (130 m average). The intrusive is composed by gabbro, diabase and norite that intrude Permian sedimentary rock, trachydiabase, trachybasalt, and andesite and basalt. Sulfides occur in disseminations and nests of pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite mainly in the lower olivine-rich picrite and diabase and to a lesser extent in bands in diabase near the bottom of intusive. Veins of massive sulfides occur in the lower part of intrusive and in underlying rock and consists of streaks and disseminations in wallrock. These veins form an interrupted aureole around the intrusive and extend for 15 km and range from 3-8 m thick. The sulfides mainly comprise form a stable layer that is concordant in plan view with the intrusive outline. The main mineral assemblages are: pyrrhotite; chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite with pentlandite; cubanite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite; bornite-chalcocite; and millerite-pyrite. Elevated Pt in sulfides is characteristic. The oldest Cu-Ni sulfides are overprinted by low-temperature hydrothermal replacement with development of carbonate, chlorite, galena and sphalerite. Godlevskiy, 1959; Smirnov, 1966; Ivanov and others, 1971; Smirnov, 1978. Russia R 45 8 Vologochan River 69 25 00N 69.4166666666667 87 46E 87.7666666666667 Cu, Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of places of disseminated and streaky pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite hosted in metasomatically-altered Late Devonian welded-tuff, anhydrite, dolomite and marl and gabbro and diabase. Zones of metasomatite extend 3 km along strike and they are from 70 to 250 m wide. Mineral ssemblages in metasomatite are: albite-chlorite-calcite, pyroxene-albite-calcite, quartz-feldspar, calcite-serpentine, anhydritic-calciphyre and others. Skarn minerals are garnet, epidote, actinolite. Sulfides in metasomatite occur in nests, veinlets and schlieren. In separate samples grade of Cu is 0.67-0.79% Nemenenok and Nesterovskiy, 1973. Russia R 45 9 Zub-Marksheiderskoye 69 22 00N 69.3666666666667 87 53E 87.8833333333333 Cu Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Medium Not available. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfides in slightly differentiated intrusive that consists of contaminated Permian and Triassic quartz diorite, quartz-, olivine-, picritic- and taxitic gabbro and diabase. Host rock consists of Early and Middle Devonian argillite and carbonaceous units. Host intrusive is layered with pinches, swells and apophyses. The main deposit is on the average 120 m thick, more than 6 km long and from 0.5-0.7 to 2,5 km wide. Deposit occurs in picritic gabbro and diabase is low-grade, contain 1-2% sulfides. More intensive disseminations occur in taxitic gabbro and diabase. The deposit minerals are titanomagnetite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite, cubanite. Dyuzhikov and others, 1988. Russia R 46 1 Namakan River 1 70 35 00N 70.5833333333333 94 44 00E 94.7333333333333 Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of zones of disseminated sulfides in Early Triassic basalt. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia R 46 10 Lama Lake 69 28 00N 69.4666666666667 91 43E 91.7166666666667 Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of sulfide Cu-Ni disseminated deposit minerals that are hosted in undifferentiated intrusions of olivine diabase. The main deposit minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Kavardin and others, 1967. Russia R 46 2 Namakan River 3 70 29 00N 70.4833333333333 94 29 00E 94.4833333333333 Ni, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of zones of disseminated sulfides in Early Triassic basalt. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia R 46 3 Samasik River 70 08 00N 70.1333333333333 94 30 00E 94.5 Cu Co Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of disseminated Cu minerals in Early Triassic picrite. The main deposit minerals are native copper and pyrrhotite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia R 46 4 Namakan River 2 70 13 00N 70.2166666666667 94 13 00E 94.2166666666667 Ni, Cu, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of zones of disseminated sulfides in Early Triassic basalt. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pentlandite, pyrrhotite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia R 46 5 Neizvestnoye 70 10 00N 70.1666666666667 93 15 00E 93.25 Cu, Ni, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of simple nests, dissemination and veinlets of sulfides in Early Triassic basalt and tuffs. The main deposit minerals are chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia R 46 6 Chopko River 70 10 00N 70.1666666666667 92 45 00E 92.75 Cu Ni, Co Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of Cu-Ni sulfide mineralization in the dykes and hosting basalts. Dyke rocks are represented by picrites, picritic trachydolerites, nephelinites, pyroxenites, limburgites and dolerites. Sulfide mineralization is disseminated and streaky-disseminated. The main ore minerals are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, cubanite, valleriite, pyrite, bornite, magnetite, hematite. Ni content is up to 0.1%, Cu-0.02-0.04%, Co - 0.006-0.009%. Malich and others, 1987. Russia R 46 7 Chapomi River 70 25 00N 70.4166666666667 92 00 00E 92 Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of disseminated and nest-like sulfide mineralization in the basaltoids of the Early Triassic age. Ore minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia R 46 8 Arylakh River 70 29 00 N 70.4833333333333 90 40 E 90.6666666666667 Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Norilsk Consists of sulfide copper-nickel ore deposits hosted in weakly differentiated steeply-dipping Arylakh intrusive of dyke-shaped form. Thickness of intrusive body ranges from 30-40 to 300-400 m. Intrusive includes alternated olivine, olivine-biotite, picritic and tractolite gabbro-dolerites. Absence of taxitic rock varieties is characteristic. Sulfide mineralization is minor is scale and represented by interstitial and drop-shaped impegnation of pentlandite-chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite in the endocontact zone of intrusive. Sometimes streaky-disseminated cubanite, millerite, bornite ores occur in exocontact zone. Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia R 46 9 Arylakhskoye 70 25 00 N 70.4166666666667 90 30 00 E 90.5 Cu Ag Basaltic Cu (Lake Superior type) Medium Not available. Norilsk Consists of stratiform layers of native copper in Permian and Triassic carbonaceous breccia, in overlying basalt, and in underlying tuff. Ore minerals are native copper, cuprite, tenorite, chalcocite, and covellite. Gengue minerals are calcite, zeolite, chlorite, adularia, and quartz. The deposit and host rocks are regionally metamorphosed, and exhibit carbonate, chlorite, and zeolite alteration. Cu-bearing horizon is 2 to 10 m thick and extends for 40 km along the flank of the trapp basins. The highest concentration of native copper is in brecciated carbonate rocks. Native Cu occurs along the contacts of fragments in a carbonaceous matrix. Coarse grains (up to 0.7 to 1 cm) and dendrite (up to 3 to 5 cm) are widespread. The native copper occurs in veinlets, nests, fine disseminations, and amygdules. In tuff Cu occurs fine disseminations. Large aggregates (15 by 20 cm) and dendrite-like crystals (5 to 10 mm) of native copper occur in large amygdules and carbonate veins. Djuzhikov and others, 1976, 1977, 1988. Russia R 47 1 Gulinskoye 1 71 00 00N 71 101 48E 101.8 Fe, Ti Fe-Ti (ñTa, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) carbonatite Large Average grade of 22.4% Fe. Resources of 1,800,000,000 tonnes. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of titanomagnetite in the zoned Gulinsk alkalic ultramafic pluton. Titanomagnetite occurs in pyroxenite and peridotite in a half-ring zone that is 30 km long and 100 m wide. Titanomagnetite occurs in disseminations and locally in veins, nests, lenses, and large masses that comprise up to 25 to 30% of pyroxenite bodies. Dimensions of discrete concentrations range from 100 to 200 m to 5 km along strike and from 10 to 30 to 600 m thick. Kalugin and others, 1981; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia R 47 2 Gulinskoye 3 70 54 00N 70.9 101 15 00E 101.25 Phlogopite Phlogopite carbonatite Large Not available. World class Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of phlogopite deposits in the zoned Gulinsk alkaline-ultramafic massif. Deposit is related to a carbonatite stock. The major phlogopite bodies occur in six areas of melilite rock. One of the sites is in nepheline pyroxenite and melteigite. Phlogopite occurs in nests, veins, and disseminations. Veins extend several hundred m. In dunite, phlogopite is 10-30% of rock volume. The large phlogopite deposits occur at the contact of alkaline rock with hyperbasite along fissure zones parallel to concentric zonal internal structure of the massif. Prochorova and others, 1966; Dyad'kina, Orlova, 1976; Malich and others, 1987. Russia R 47 3 Gulinskoye 2 70 52 00N 70.8666666666667 101 16 00E 101.266666666667 Ta, Nb, REE REE (ñTa, Nb, Fe) carbonatite Large Not available. World class deposit. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of REE minerals in alkalic ultramafic carbonatite plutons. Two carbonatite plutons have outcrop areas of 3 and 5 sq.km. and occur around the Gulinskoye phlogopite deposit. The plutons consist of vertically-dipping, isometrical bodies of mainly ankaratrite, picrite, peridotite, and melilite. Deposits consist of irregular, fine-grained disseminations of ore minerals in calcite, calcite-magnetite, calcite-dolomite, and dolomite carbonatite. Pyrochlore occurs with magnetite, serpentine, and REE minerals. Perovskite occurs in nests with magnetite and melanite and is more abundant in mica melanite and pyroxenite in the Gulinskii pluton. Kavardin, 1967. Russia R 48 1 Iriaas 1 70 12 00N 70.2 105 20E 105.333333333333 Fe, Ti Fe-Ti (ñTa, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) carbonatite Large Grade of 24-28% Fe. Resources of 500,000,000 tonnes. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of apatite-magnetite deposits in a zoned Iriaas ijolite-carbonatite intrusive. Ijolite occurs in an area of 1.6 sq.km. in NE part of massif are injected apatite-magnetite veins. Veins, nests, and lenses occur in brecciated, fenite-altered, and apatite-altered gneiss of Archean age. Bodies vary from 0.3 to 30 m thick (average of 6.6 m). A single vein ranges up to 100 m thick. Separate bodies are 300-400 m long. Ore masses with grade of 24-2% Fe are evaluated to 400 m depth and constitute 300-500 Mt. Secondary weathering crust contains 11-5% Fe. Kalugin and others, 1981; Malich and others, 1987. Russia R 48 2 Odikhincha 1 70 54 00N 70.9 103 10 00E 103.166666666667 Phlogopite Phlogopite carbonatite Medium Not available. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of phlogopite deposits in the central type Odikhincha alkaline-ultramafic pluton. Phlogopite formation occurred in the ijolite and carbonatite stages of the pluton. The major phlogopite concentrations occur in dunite, and and along contacts with ijolite-melteigite. Dunite contains up to 10 to 30% phlogopite. Monomineralic phlogopite veins occur in fissure zones in dunite. The veins range up to several tens of m long and up to 1.5 to 2 m thick. Veins also contain olivine, titanomagnetite, calcite and perovskite. Diopside-phlogopite veins occur near the contact of the pluton with wallrock. Phlogopite also occurs in of garnet-nepheline-pyroxene and nepheline-melilite pegmatite veins. Prochorova and others, 1966; Dyad'kina and Orlova, 1976; Malich and others, 1987. Russia R 48 3 Kugda 1 70 46 00N 70.7666666666667 103 28E 103.466666666667 Fe, Ti Nb, Zr Fe-Ti (ñTa, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) carbonatite Large Resources of 150,000,000 tonnes ore grading 31.8% Fe. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of perovskite-titanomagnetite deposits spatialy and genetically related to Kugda carbonatite-alcali-ultramafic circular massive. Major concentrations of titanomagnetite connected with olivinite. Titanomagnetite in olivinite concentrates in small separate places, forming ring-shaped zone of total area 0.5 sq.km. Deposit mineral concentrations comprise lenses of bodies up to 2,5 m long and 0.2-0.7 m thick. Gentle dipping mode of occurence of bodies agree with protomagmatic jointing. Transition from bodies to olivinite is gradual through zone of disseminated deposit minerals. Most of bodies associate with zones of pegmatoid olivinite development. Deposit mineral assemblages are olivine-titanomagnetite, olivine-titanomagnetite-perovskite. Along with perovskite and titanomagnetite, associated minerals are lovchorrite, sphene, ilmenite, pyrochlore, eudialyte, sphalerite and other minerals. The largest concentrations occur in carbonatite. Average grade of Fe at the district N 3 equal 31,8%. At other places contant of Fe range from 12 to 23%. Vasil'ev, 1976; Kalugin and others, 1981; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia R 48 4 Magan 1 70 14 00N 70.2333333333333 104 24E 104.4 Fe, Ti Fe-Ti (ñTa, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) carbonatite Large Ranges from 22-44% Fe Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of magnetite deposits in Magan alcali-ultramafic intrusive of the central type. Three types of magnetite occur: phlogopite-magnetite, forsterite-magnetite and nepheline-magnetite. Phlogopite-magnetite is exposed at the area about 1 sq.km. Magnetite forms a vein stockwork and irregular bodies up to 1,5 m thick (locally up to 30 m) that occur in phlogopitizied ijolite-urtite. Forsterite-magnetite veins vary from 0.1 to 30 m thick are devoped among jacupirangite and ijolite. Nepheline-magnetite deposit minerals in ijolite and nepheline-pyroxene metasomatite and contain 60-80% nepheline and 20-30% magnetite. Apatite and magnetite in Magan massive also occur. Their perspectives take a positively evaluation. Accroding to detail magnetic mapping, deposit covers 4-6 sq.km. In addition, magnetite-and titanomagnetite-containing ijolite at the area of 1,5 sq.km. occur. Kalugin and others, 1981; Malich and others, 1987; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia R 48 5 Bor-Uryakh 1 70 01 00N 70.0166666666667 102 16E 102.266666666667 Fe, Ti Nb, Zr Fe-Ti (ñTa, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) carbonatite Large Average grade of 10-30% Fe. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of titanomagnetite ore deposits hosted in pyroxenite and olivinite Bor-Uriakh massif of the central type. Massive concentrations of titanomagnetite connected with olivinites, especially their pegmatoid differencies. Numerous veins and lens-like ore bodies of 0,2-0,7 m thick and 2,5 , long occur in olivinites. Ore mineralization is developed at the area of 1,35 km2. Mode of occurens of ore bodies coincides with gently sloping protomagmatic jointing orientation. Types of ore are: (1) olivine-titanomagnetite and olivine-titanomagnetite-perovskite (in ovilinites); (2) pyroxene-titanomagnetite and olivine-titanomagnetite-pyroxene (in pyroxenites). At the north part of massive pegmatoid flogopite-titanomagnetite-high in perovskite contant ore bodies were noted in the area of 0,16 km2. Ore bodies are from 40 to 200 m long and 0,1-5,8 m thick. Vasil'ev, 1976; Vasil'ev and others, 1978; Butakova, Egorov, 1962; Kalugin and others, 1981; Sinyakov, 1988. Russia R 48 6 Esseiy 1 69 16 00N 69.2666666666667 102 15 E 102.25 Fe, Ti Fe-Ti (ñTa, Nb, Fe, Cu, apatite) carbonatite Large Grade of 15-50% Fe. Resources of 1,000,000,000 tonnes ore. Maimecha-Kotuisk Consists of apatite-forsterite-carbonate-magnetite masses that are spatially and genetically connected with a zoned alkali carbonatite ultramafic intrusive. Pluton covers about 9 sq.km. area and intrudes Ordovician carbonate rock. Central core of massive consists of dolomite carbonatite. It bounded by fine-grained calcite carbonatite with relics of jacupirangite, ijolite, and host rock. Ore minerals occur in fine-grained calcite carbonatite and form conical bodies dipping to the centre of massive, at angles of 60-70 degrees. Rhythmically-banded ore minerals prevail. Ore mineral assemblages are carbonate-apatite-magnetite (Fe content about 30%); carbonate-apatite-forsterite-magnetite (Fe content up to 40-50%); apatite-carbonate (Fe content about 15%). Ore minerals are rich in P2O5 (5 to 20%). Phlogopite, sulphides, actinolite, serpentine, and zircon are minor. Panina and others, 1973; Egorov, 1980; Malyshev, 1980; Sunyakov, 1988. Russia R 49 1 Popigay 71 30 N 71.5 111 00 E 111 Diamond Impact diamond Unknown Not available. Popigay Occurs in an impact structures that is about 80 km in diameter on the NE margin of the Anabar shield. The ring structure forms a round basin with a floor that is 200 to 300 m lower relative to the surrounding plateau. The basin contains a specific rock complex, including volcanic rock. Impactite contains varying amounts of glass that chemically corresponds to andesite and dacite, rock and mineral fragments; explosive allogenic breccia that fell after the explosion in, or beyond the limits of the crater; and authigenic breccis formed from brecciated material at the bottom of the crater and that underwent high-grade shock metamorphism with melting and formation of pseudotachylite. The impactite is classified as a massive lava - tagamite and glassy-clastic suevite. The tagamite and impact glasses have an 40Ar/39Ar isotopic age of 35.7 ñ 0.2 Ma. Diamond occurs in graphite gneiss and tagamite that undersent shock metamorphism (Masaitis and others, 1998). Diamond crystals range from 0.05 to 2.0 mm diameter. Adjacent placer deposits contain diamonds up to 8 to 10 mm. Most abundant are yellow; colourless, transparent, grey and black crystals are rare. Diamonds from the gneiss retain morphological and structural features inherited from crystalline graphite. Common are tabular crystals with a characteristic striation of basal planes due to repeated twinning, parallel intergrowths, irregular intergrowths and aggregates. Masaitis and others, 1975, 1998. Russia R 50 1 Tomtor 71ø05' 71.0833333333333 116ø40' 116.666666666667 Nb, REE, P Weathering crust carbonatite REE-Zr-Nb-Li Large Resources of 500 million tonnes to a depth of 500 m. No commercial concentrations of P2O5 or Nb2O5. Udzha Consists of a volcanic and plutonic assemblage comprised three groups of rock. (1) Carbonatite II comprise the bulk of the carbonatite core of the pluton with P2O5, Nb2O5, TR2O3 values of 0.7 to 11.4, 0.1 to 0.78 and 0.45%, respectively. The carbonatite comprises the substratum for a weathering crust that constitutes a hypergene complex that forms a P-REE deposit. The weathering crust consists of alternating subhorizontal goethite-siderite, francolite, francolite-goethite-siderite, hematite and groutite. The francolite horizon consists of francolite (>60%), siderite, rhodochrosite and goethite in varying proportions (up to 40%). Nb2O5 ranges from 0.2 to 2.4%, TR2O3 to from 0.8 to 4.5%, P2O5 to from 10 to 35%, Sc2O3 ranges up to 0.011%, Y2O3 to 0.09% and V2O3 to 0.22%. The goethite horizon contains goethite and hydrogoethite (70 to 80%), francolite (5 to 15%), siderite (up to 10%) and chlorite, francolite, siderite, hematite and rhodochrosite. Nb2O5 varies from 0.1 to 3.0%, TR2O3 varies from 1.3 to 5.4%, P2O5 varies from 0.2 to 8%, Sc2O3 ranges up to 0.006%. The siderite horizon is made of siderite (50 to 80%), alumophosphates of the crandallite group (20 to 30%), goethite (up to 10%), chlorite or kaolinite (up to 10%). Nb2O5 ranges from 0.3 to 0.8%, TR2O3 to from 0.8 to 1.3%, Sc2O3 to from 0.009 to 0.01%, P2O5 is as high as 12% and Y2O3 to 0.09%. The main upper horizon of the deposit consists of thin-bedded alumophosphate pyrochlore monazite, alnoite, tinguaite and carbonatite and varies from a few m to 12 to 15 m thick. Carbonate and breccia occur. The upper ore is a weathering crust for the carbonanite metasomatite substratum that is rich in REE and P. Economic metals occur mainly in monazite and rhabdophanite (REE, Y, Sc), pyrochlore (Nb) and Al-and FE-Al-P (P2O5, Al2O3). Estimated reserves are 500 million tonnes to a depth of 500 m. No commercial concentrations of P2O5 and Nb2O5 occur. Orlov, 1994; Tolstov and others, 1995. Russia R 52 1 Mengeniler 71ø45' 71.75 127ø35' 127.583333333333 Pb, Zn Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Medium Grade of 0.04-0.6% Pb and 0.2-6.7% Zn. Tuora-Sis Consists of three lensoid stratiform deposits that range from 70 to 135 m long and 0.4 to 3.6 m thick. The principal deposit minerals are sphalerite and galena. Sphalerite is predominant and consists of honey-yellow and colourless cleiophane. Pb and Zn average 0.04 to 0.6% and 0.2 to 6.7%, respectively. Deposit minerals are disseminated and locally grade to massive. Deposit is well-bedded and consists of alternating rich-and low-grade sulfide beds. The belt contains some stratiform Pb-Zn sulfide occurrences that are hosted in dark-brown bituminous silty dolomite (about 30 m thick) that occurs at the bottom of the Aldanian stage. Natapov, 1981; Davydov and others, 1988. Russia R 52 2 Kyongdei 71 26 36N 71.4433333333333 127 19 56E 127.332222222222 U Sediment-hosted U Unknown Channel samples with 0.01-11% U. Tuora-Sis Consists of an uraninite crust in Neoproterozoic (Vendian) and Early Cambrian sandstone and limestone. U concentration increases in sulfides disseminations (pyrite and sphalerite) and in bitumen (kerite) inclusions. Deposit occurs along specific stratigraphic intervales in anticlinal domes as lens-shaped bodies that range from 0.3 to 2.3 m thick and from 100 to 400 m long. Length of the uranium-bearing zone is 50 km. Arsky and others, written commun., 1963. Russia R 52 3 Nikolaevskoe, Otkrytoe 70 20 00N 70.3333333333333 129 33 13E 129.553611111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Unknown Not available. Verkhoyansk Consists of conformable and cross-cutting quartz veins with gold, galena, arsenopyrite, pyrite, tetrahedrite, sulfosalts, carbonates and albite that are hosted in Early Permian sandstone beds. The veins occur in anticlinal hinges, range up to 1 km long and range from 0.2 to 1 m thick, locally up to 10 m thick. Sulfides comprise up to 5% the veins. The Au quartz vein deposits are not economic, but the source for the placer Au mines of the Verkhoyansk district. Abel and Slezko, 1988. Russia R 52 4 Anna-Emeskhin 68 55 38 N 68.9272222222222 128 24 22 E 128.406111111111 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grades up to 20 g/t Au, up to 23% As. Verkhoyansk Consists of eight quartz-carbonate veins that occur over an area 70 by 100 m. Veins cut a dike of Triassic diabase. Veins range up to 20 m long and up to 2 m thick. Major minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite. Sulfides comprise 1 to 2% of veins. Diabase exhibits quartz-sericite-chlorite-albite-carbonate metasomatic alteration near veins. Arsky and others, written commun., 1963; Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 52 5 Aga-Kukan 69 04 19 N 69.0719444444444 126 45 35 E 126.759722222222 Pb, Zn, Cu Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn (Mississippi valley type) Small Grades up to 1-3% Cu, 0.15 ppm Au, 400 ppm Ag. Orulgan Consists of disseminated galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite that occurs in a layer in lower part of Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) limestone of the Agakukan Formation that consists of limestone in the lower and upper parts separated by sandstone. Sulfide layer is 40 cm thick; host limestone is 20 m. thick. Limestone unconformably overlies cross-bedded, green sandstone and red siltstone that contains disseminated malachite, azurite, covellite, chalcopyrite, and Cu- hydrocarbonate films. Cu-bearing sandstone and shale contains up to 3% Cu. Sulfides are gently folded and extend along strike for long distances. To the north and south, the sulfide layers thins and grades into small (0.1x1.5 m) lenses. Melnikov and Izrailev, 1975. Russia R 52 6 Syugyunyakh-Kende 68 42 04N 68.7011111111111 127 45 38E 127.760555555556 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 5-8 g/t Au, locally up to 20 g/t Au, up to 50 g/t Ag. Verkhoyansk Description for two separate deposits about 20 km apart. Each deposit consists of a set of sheeted quartz veins that range up to 0.5 m thick. Major minerals are gold, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Veins intrude Middle Carboniferous argillite and sandstone. Veins occur in anticlinal hinges and do not extend along either strike or dip. Sulfides comprise 1 to 3% the veins. Arsky, Borisov, and Lazurkin, written commun., 1963; Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 52 7 Enichan-Tolono 68 11 29N 68.1913888888889 128 11 20E 128.188888888889 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 10-24 g/t Au. Verkhoyansk Consists of a set of thin quartz veins with minor sulfides. Veins occur in zones with contorted outlines. Deposit less than 0.5 m thick and several ten of m long. Arsky, Borisov, and Lazurkin, written commun., 1963. Russia R 53 1 Burguat 70 41 51N 70.6975 134 31 29E 134.524722222222 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grades up to 5-8 g/t Au, up to 1% Pb, up to 1% Zn, up to 0.01% Ag. Kular Consists of lenticular veins and shear zones of quartz and carbonate-quartz that contain gold and scarce sulfides (1 to 2%) including pyrite, galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Veins strike northeast and dip steeply to southeast or northwest at 50-65ø. Veins range from 0.1 to 4 m thick and up to 100 to 200 m long. Major minerals are carbonate, quartz, and sulfides, including pockets and disseminations of pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and other minerals. Gold is fine-grained, mostly 0.1 to 0.2 mm, with some to 3 mm. Deposit hosted in Upper Permian and Triassic sandstone and shale. Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 53 10 Novoe 69 35 55N 69.5986111111111 133 06 32E 133.108888888889 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Grade of 0.2-6.8% W03, 0.03-0.16% Sn, 0.5-5% As. Kular Consists of steeply-dipping, cross-cutting shear zones and lenticular veins that occur in tension gashes. The shear zones strike NE and dip NW or SE at 15-60ø, commonly range up to several m thick, locally to 10-12 m thick and up to 1.5 km long. The lenticular veins range from 0.1-2 m thick and up to 50-100 m long. Major minerals are quartz, wolframite, arsenopyrite, carbonates minerals, cassiterite and gold. Deposit is hosted in Late Permian sandstone and shale near the dome of the Central-Kular anticline. Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 53 11 Argin 68 02 57 N 68.0491666666667 135 50 06 E 135.835 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Up to 4.13% Sn. Chybagalakh Consists of a set of thin quartz veins and stringers that range from 1 to 10 cm thick. Major minerals are cassiterite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, galena, wolframite, scheelite, tourmaline, and zinnwaldite. Most veins about 100-120 m long; one vein is 470 m long. Deposit hosted in an Early Cretaceous granite altered to greisen. Arsky and others, written commun., 1963. Russia R 53 2 Sigilyakh 69 54 17N 69.9047222222222 136 47 03E 136.784166666667 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 1.27% Sn. Chokurdak Consists of veins that intrude contact metamorphosed Late Jurassic sandstone. Veins range from 55 to 140 m long and 0.05 to 6.8 m thick. Veins strike NW and dip SW at 60ø. Major minerals are quartz, marcasite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Arsky and others, written commun., 1963. Russia R 53 3 Aragochan 69 44 28 N 69.7411111111111 137 00 10 E 137.002777777778 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 5.28% Pb, 3.6% Zn. Polousny Consists of seven sheet-like veins. Veins range from 120 to 700 m long and 0.4 to 1.13 m thick. Major minerals are quartz, calcite, siderite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and rare cassiterite. Veins hosted in Upper Jurassic sandstone and shale that dip 60-65ø N. V. Shpikerman in Nokleberg and others, 1997. Russia R 53 4 Ulakhan-Sala 69 47 30N 69.7916666666667 136 39 51E 136.664166666667 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Small Average grade of 0.84% Sn. Polousny Consists of four quartz-tourmaline and tourmaline-chlorite-quartz veins that range from 320 to 1400 m long and 0.2 to 3.6 m wide. Major minerals are cassiterite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, wolframite, scheelite and calcite. Veins are brecciated. Sn decreases with depth. Wallrock altered to silica and sulfides. Veins hosted in Late Jurassic sandstone and shale are display minor contact metamorphism. Host rock form monocline that strikes from N to E. Arsky and others, written commun., 1963. Russia R 53 5 Baidakh 70 05 01 N 70.0836111111111 135 31 38 E 135.527222222222 Sb Clastic-sediment-hosted Sb-Au Small Grade of 39.9-72% Sb. Lower Yana Consists of a lenticular shear zone that ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 m thick and dips steeply to the southeast at 60ø. Shear zone cuts veins with a complex mineralogy. Shear zones and veins contain breccia zones and stringers. Deposit occurs in anticlinal dome formed in Middle Triassic sandstone and shale. Main minerals are stibnite, ankerite, and quartz. Rare minerals are chlorite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, galena, sphalerite, calcite, kaolinite, and gold. Shear zones and veins intrude diorite-porphyrite (Lower Cretaceous) and spessartite (Mid-Cretaceous) dikes. Wallrocks altered to graphite, sericite, and chlorite. Ivensen and others, 1975; Indolev and others, 1980. Russia R 53 6 Dzhuotuk 70 13 25N 70.2236111111111 134 17 20E 134.288888888889 Au Au in shear zone and quartz vein Small Grade of 0.1-30.0 g/t Au, greater than 1% As, up to 1% Pb & Zn, up to 0.1% Bi & Sn, up to 0.01% Ag. Kular Consists of more than 20 areas of steeply-dipping shear zones and cross-cutting veins that are hosted in Late Permian and Early Triassic clastic rock. Host rock altered to silica and sulfides. Individual deposits range up to 1500 m long and from 1 to 30 m thick. Major minerals are quartz, carbonate, arsenopyrite, galena, and pyrite, with lesser sphalerite and chalcopyrite. Conformable and cross-cutting arsenopyrite-quartz veins range up to 1.5 m thick and up to 100 m long. Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 53 7 Tirekhtyak district (Nagornoe, Podgornoe, Poputnoe) 69 58 20N 69.9722222222222 134 40 32E 134.675555555556 Sn, W Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Up to 5% Sn, up to 1% W03 ; up to 0.6% Pb, up to 1% As. Kular Consists of veins of tourmaline-quartz and cassiterite-scheelite-quartz; and cassiterite stringers. The major minerals are beryl, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, muscovite, sphalerite and galena. Veins and stringers range from 0.01-1.2 m thick and up to 100 m long. Veins and stringers strike NE and occur near the contact of the Early Cretaceous Tirekhtyak granite pluton. Veins and stringers intrude aplite dikes and granite and adjacent Triassic clastic rock that is contact metamorphosed. Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 53 8 Kyuchyus 69 47 57N 69.7991666666667 134 45 16E 134.754444444444 Au, Hg, Sb Ag-Sb vein Large Grade of 4.5% As, up to 15% Sb, up to 0.6% Hg, up to 300 g/t Au. Resources of 240 tonnes Au. Lower Yana Consists of steeply-dipping, reverse shear zones that range from 0.1 to 1 m thick and veins that range from 0.1 to 0.5 m thick. The shear zones and veins consist of quartz-stibnite, cinnabar-stibnite-quartz, realgar-quartz and quartz, with varying amounts of ankerite, calcite, kaolinite, dickite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, orpiment, berthierite, sphalerite, galena, bournonite, pyrrhotite, fahlore native Hg (up to 15%) and Au. The deposit minerals occur in stringers and disseminations. Veins and shear zones intrude and cut Middle Triassic (Anisian and Ladinian) sandstone and siltstone that are part of a flysch sequence. The shear zones range up to 3 km long, and, and, as based on drill data and data from two adit levels, extends 500 to 550 m deep. The alteration minerals are argillite, hydromica, silica and graphite. Ivensen and others, 1975; Indolev and others, 1980; Konyshev and others, 1993. Russia R 53 9 Solur 70 01 23N 70.0230555555556 133 23 31E 133.391944444444 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Up to 10 g/t Au, 0.03-1% W; 0.07-0.1% Bi; 0.03-0.1% Sn, 0.01-0.3% Cu. Kular Consists of lenticular quartz and carbonate-quartz veins and shear zones that strike NE and roughly EW. Major minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, wolframite, native bismuth and gold. Deposit is hosted in Late Permian clastic rock in a zone adjacent to an Early Cretaceous granite pluton. Ivensen and others, 1975. Russia R 54 1 Ukachilkan 69 55 16N 69.9211111111111 139 19 25E 139.323611111111 Sn Cassiterite-sulfide-silicate vein and stockwork Unknown Not available. Central Polousny Consists of steeply-dipping shear zones and veins that strike about NS and range up to 1,500 m long and up to 15-20 m thick. Major minerals are quartz, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, calcite, sericite, pyrite, siderite, arsenopyrite, muscovite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, cassiterite, stannite, axinite, tourmaline, chlorite, wolframite, Ag, native bismuth and sulfosalts. Deposit has a vertical extent of 350 m. Shear zones and vein occur in an anticlinal dome in contact-metamorphosed Middle to Late Jurassic and Late Triassic sandstone and siltstone and Late Jurassic and Cretaceous rhyolite and quartz diorite porphyry dikes. Deposit ooccurs adjacent to an Late Cretaceous granodiorite stock. Wallrock altered to silica and sericite Yakovlev, 1975; Shur and Flerov, 1979. Russia R 54 2 Dalnee 69 49 15N 69.8208333333333 138 29 47E 138.496388888889 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Unknown Not available. Polousny Consists of veins ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 m thick, up to 100 to 150 m long. Veins composed of quartz, manganosiderite, and galena veins with sphalerite and fahlore. Veins intrude Late Jurassic sandstone and shale that are contact-metamorphosed by Cretaceous granite stock. Epov and Sonin, written commun., 1964. Russia R 54 3 Deputatskoye 69 15 19N 69.2552777777778 139 58 17E 139.971388888889 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Large Grade of 0.3-0.7 Sn. Up to 10% Sn. Central Polousny Contains about 150 separate bodies in shear zones, veins, and linear stockworks. The deposit ranges up to 18 m thick and up to 1400 m long. The major minerals are quartz, tourmaline, chlorite, axinite, fluorite, pyrrhotite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, siderite, ankerite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, wolframite, stannite, franckeite, boulangerite, bismuth, bismuthine, topaz, apatite, scheelite, and sulfosalts. The main part of the deposit is explored to depths of more than 350 m by adits and drillholes. The wallrocks altered to silica, tourmaline, chlorite, and less commonly to greisen and sulfides. The deposit hosted in contact metamorphosed Middle Jurassic shale and in an unexposed granite stock that is penetrated by drilling at 377 m depth. The stock has a K-Ar isotopic age of 108 Ma. Widespread are pre-deposit, coeval,and post-deposit mafic, intermediate, and felsic dikes. Abundant polymetallic veins occur in felsic and intermediate dikes. The deposit is large with an average grade of 0.3 to 0.7 Sn, and locally up to 10% Sn. Flerov, 1974. Russia R 54 4 Takalkan 68 58 41N 68.9780555555556 139 43 46E 139.729444444444 Sn Sn-W greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Unknown Grade of 0.02-1.0% Sn. Central Polousny Consists of a stockwork zone that strikes nearly NS and ranges up to 700 m long and up to 170 m wide. Stockwork includes tourmaline-muscovite-quartz and topaz-muscovite-quartz veins and stringers that range up to 0.55 m thick. Main minerals are fluorite, arsenopyrite, wolframite, cassiterite, beryl. Rare topaz-muscovite-quartz greisen bodies range up to 1.4 m thick. Deposit is hosted in Cretaceous leucocratic biotite granite pluton that is intensely altered to greisen. Nekrasov, 1962; Epov and Sonin, written commun., 1964. Russia R 54 5 Chibagalakh 68 13 25N 68.2236111111111 139 50 41E 139.844722222222 B, Sn Sn skarn Unknown Not available. Chybagalakh Consists of several tens of magnesium skarns that range from 0.2 up to 20 m thick and up to 260 m long. Skarns occur at the contact of an Early Cretaceous granitic pluton that intrudes Ordovician and Silurian dolomite and limestone. Skarn contains B ores, and adjacent limestone altered to skarn and greisen contain Sn ore. Main B minerals are suanite, ludwigite, kotoite, fluorite, magnetite, plagioclase, calcite, spinel, pyroxene, forsterite, phlogopite, clinohumite, talc, and serpentine. Sn skarn minerals are cassiterite, plagioclase, pyroxene, garnet, wollastonite, quartz, scheelite, fluorite, hornblende, epidote, calcite, chlorite, muscovite, axinite, tourmaline, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, l”llingite, and valleriite. Most skarns occur as beds, lenses, pockets, shoots, and veins. Skarns occur along contacts between the intrusion and carbonate country rock, in intrusion apophyses, along contacts between various sedimentary rocks, and in large carbonate xenoliths. Flerov and others, 1974. Russia S 44 1 Uboininskoye 73 09 00 N 73.15 82 31 00 E 82.5166666666667 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Tari-Bigaiy Hosted in fractures in Ordovician and Early Carboniferous limestone and dolomite Permian clastic sedimentary rock in the core of anticline. The occurrence consists of quartz-carbonate veins, lenses, nests, disseminations and stockworks that occur along contacts between sedimentary rock and lamprophyre dikes. The occurrence extends several hundred m and 20 m thick. The deposit minerals are cinnabar, stibnite, pyrite and orpiment and gangue minerals are quartz, calcite and ankerite. Wall-rock is altered to kaolinite and silica. Ravich, 1959. Russia S 45 1 Lenivaya River 74 08 30 N 74.1416666666667 89 18 00E 89.3 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consist of quartz-molybdenite veins occuring in the Precambrian granitoids and Paleozoic clastic rock in the exocontacts of small syenite intrusions (Permian and Triassic). Molybdenite in veins consist of disseminations and small nests.Deposit is poorly studied. Ravich, 1959; Ravich and Markov, 1959. Russia S 45 2 Rostorguev Island 74 01 00N 74.0166666666667 84 17 00E 84.2833333333333 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of zones of disseminated molybdenite in Paleoproterozoic granitoids. Deposit minerals are molybdenite, scheelite, pyrite. Deposition was Paleozoic. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 46 1 Kolomeitseva River 75 18 00N 75.3 95 33 00E 95.55 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consist of quartz veins with disseminated molybdenite. The veins cut Precambrian granitoid and Paleozoic clastic rock and exocontacts of small Permian and Triassic syenite intrusions. Molybdenite occurs also in the exocontact of an augite syenite intrusion in an older granitoid pluton. Scheelite occurs in heavy concentrates. Ravich, 1959; Ravich and Markov, 1959. Russia S 46 2 Mamont River 2 75 13 00N 75.2166666666667 94 32 00 E 94.5333333333333 Mo Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of quartz veins with disseminations and nests of molybdenite. The veins occur small Permian and Triassic syenite intrusions that cut large Precambrian granitoid plutons. Quartz veins are accompanied by silica and sericite alteration. Along with molybdenite, the quartz veins contain pyrite, scheelite, sericite and feldspar. Deposit is poorly studied. Ravich, 1959; Ravich and Markov, 1959. Russia S 46 3 Mamont River 1 75 12 00N 75.2 94 18 00E 94.3 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of quartz veins with disseminated sulfides in Mesozoic granitoids. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, galena and pyrite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 46 4 Morzhovoye 75 23 00N 75.3833333333333 91 17E 91.2833333333333 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of a grossular-diopside-calcite skarn with disseminated molybdenite in a roof pendant in a Triassic(?) syenite intrusive. The deposit minerals are fine-grained molybdenite and disseminated pyrrhotite, pyrite, pentlandite and marcasite. A stockwork of thin garnet-epidote-calcite veins with coarse molybdenite occurs in the northern part of the roof pendant. Altered rock along vein walls contain disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite and magnetite. Scheelite occurs in heavy concentrate. Ravich, 1959. Russia S 46 5 Ilistaya River 74 50 00N 74.8333333333333 92 32 00E 92.5333333333333 Cu Porphyry Cu-Mo (ñAu, Ag) Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of small zones of disseminated sulfides in a Paleoproterozoic porphyritic granite. Ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 46 6 Shtellinga Cape 75 22 00N 75.3666666666667 90 30 00E 90.5 Be REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Birulinsk Consists of small beryl-containing pegmatite bodies in the Neoproterozoic porphyry granitoids. Thickness of pegmatite bodies is 0.1-0.5 m. Pegmatite contain muscovite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 46 7 Geologicheskaya Gryada 74 18 00N 74.3 92 26 15 E 92.4375 Cr Podiform chromite Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of disseminations and nests of chromite minerals in ultramafic rock of Paleoproterozoic age. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 46 8 Izvilistaya River 74 08 00N 74.1333333333333 92 01 00E 92.0166666666667 Hg Carbonate-hosted Hg-Sb Small Not available. Tari-Bigaiy Consists of Hg minerals that occur in Ordovician limestone and dolomite over an area of 6 sq.km.. Hg minerals occur in crush zones at the contacts of lamprophyric dikes and limestone. Hg minerals occur in veins, lenses, nests, and stockworks. The main ore minerals are realgar and cinnabar, and accessory minerals are stibnite, pyrite, and orpiment. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, and ankerite. Host rock is altered to carbonate, kaolinite, and silica. Size of deposit unknown. Smirnov, Kuznetsov, Fedorchuk, 1976; Ravich, 1959. Russia S 47 1 Surovoye Lake 1 74 51 00N 74.85 101 36 00E 101.6 Pb, Zn Ag Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Grade of 10-20% Zn+Pb. Byrranga Consists of steeply-dipping veins and breccia in Early Permian sandstone, siltstone and argillite. The series is intruded by diabase dikes. About 30 bodies occur. They extend a few hundred of m (rarely 2-3 km) and have an average thickness of 40-60 cm. Bodies are often confined to the contact of the diabase dikes. Deposit minerals generally occur in a cement of breccia. Rock fragments consist ofaltered host rock. Deposit minerals are sphalerite, galena, rare pyrite, chalcopyrite, fahlore. Gangue minerals are quartz, calcite, siderite, ankerite, dolomite. Wall-rock alterations consist ofcarbonate alteration, pyrite alteration, silica alteration, argillite alteration, chlorite alteration. Ravich and Markov, 1959; Ravich, 1959. Russia S 47 2 Oranzhevaya River 1 74 42 00N 74.7 100 03 00E 100.05 Pb, Ag Polymetallic (Pb, ZnñCu, Ba, Ag, Au) volcanic-hosted metasomatite Medium Not available. Byrranda Consists of layered sulfide bodies in Late Permian mafic volcanic rock e. Deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 47 3 Partizanskoye 74 42 00N 74.7 99 34 00E 99.5666666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Medium Not available. Byrranga Occurs in a district located along the contact of diabase dike and Early Permian sandstone and siltstone. The district extends 1.5 km along strike and averages 1.5 m thick. Deposit is 800 to 900 m long and from 0.25 to 3.5 m thick (in swells). Sphalerite and galena are the main deposit minerals with less abundant pyrite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, fahlore pyrrhotite and native silver. Gangue minerals are siderite, calcite and quartz. Wall-rock is altered to carbonate, sericite, silica and argillite. Total grade of Zn+Pb in deposit minerals ranges from 15 to 20%. Ravich and Markov, 1959; Ravich, 1959. Russia S 48 1 Nirkaika-Tari 1 75 22 00N 75.3666666666667 106 50 00E 106.833333333333 Pb Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Byrranga Consists of quartz-sulfide veins in the early Mesozoic metamorphic rock and gabbro and diabases. Theickness of veins is 5-10 cm. Deposit minerals are galena and sphalerite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 48 2 Malachai-Tari 1 75 06 00N 75.1 106 52 00E 106.866666666667 Cu Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Byrranga Consists of quartz-sulfide veins in altered trapps and early Mesozoic gabbro and diabases of. Thickness of veins is 5-10 cm. The deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia S 48 3 Kungasalakh 1 74 47 00N 74.7833333333333 107 28E 107.466666666667 Cu Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Byrranga Consists of local sulfide Cu-Ni minerals in Triassic gabbro and diabase. Deposit minerals consist of disseminated sulfides including pyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite. Kavardin and others, 1967; Kavardin, 1976. Russia T 46 1 Birulinskoye 76 06 00 N 76.1 94 27 00 E 94.45 Be REE-Li pegmatite Small Not available. Birulinsk Consists of beryl-muscovite pegmatite bodies that occur in Proterozoic two-mica granite and rarely-in plagiogneiss. The pegmatite bodies generally exhibit a zonal structure. The deposit is part of a pegmatite district that contains about 3,000 pegmatite bodies with extremely irregular beryl distribution. Beryl content varies from sporadic crystals to 21.8 kg/t. Weight of individual beryl crystals ranges up to 5.5 kg. Be oxide ranges up to 0.41 %. Low concentrations of scheelite occur in pegmatite selvages. Ravich, 1959; Ravich and Markov, 1959; Serdyuk and others, 1998. Russia T 47 1 Lagerny Cape 79 53 00N 79.8833333333333 99 49E 99.8166666666667 Cu Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Small Not available. Severo-Zemelsk Consists of zones of disseminated sulfides in Permian and Triassic gabbro and diabase and metamorphosed Neoproterozoic sandstone and shale. Disseminations of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pyrite occur. Dodin and others, 1985. Russia T 47 2 Studeninskoye 78 28 00N 78.4666666666667 100 48E 100.8 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of gold-bearing quartz veins and zones of berisite alterations among metamorposed Proterozoic clastic rock. Deposit is interpreted as related to late Paleozoic granitoid magmatism. Karpuzov, 1996; Vernikovskiy, 1996. Russia T 47 3 Ozernaya River 79 30 00N 79.5 96 52E 96.8666666666667 Cu Ni Mafic-ultramafic related Cu-Ni-PGE Medium Not available. Severo-Zemelsk Consists of zones of streaks and disseminations of Cu-Ni sulfides in Permian and Triassic gabbro and diabase and diabase that intrude sandstone, limestone and sandy dolomite. Deposit minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pentlandite and pyrite. The metallogenic belt may be a northern extension of the Yenisei-Sererozemelskiy belt that trends N-NE for up to 1600 km, ranges up to 300 km wide and extends from Kureika River in the S to the Severnaya Zemlya Islands to the N. Dodin and others, 1985. Russia T 47 4 Olovyanny Cape 78 33 00N 78.55 99 33 00E 99.55 Sn W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of cassiterite-bearing greisen zones and quartz veins hosted in biotite garnite and granodiorite.The zones extend 200 m along strike. Veins range up to 2 m thick and up to 200 m long. The deposit minerals are cassiterite, scheelite, pyrite, tourmaline, quartz. V.I. Sotnikov, this study. Russia T 48 1 Kunarskoye 1 77 38 00N 77.6333333333333 104 00E 104 Au Granitoid-related Au vein Small Not available. Unassigned Consists of gold-bearing quartz veins and metasomatite among late Riphean volcanic, sedimentary rock that are related to Cheluskin ophiolite belt. Flyschoid and volcanic and sedimentary host rock is metamorphosed in conditions of epidote-amphibolite and green-schist facies and intruded by late Paleozoic collisional granitoid massifs. The veins conist of carbonate-quartz and contain rare dissemination of pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena. Elevated level of gold and Ag contant has been estimafed. Thickness of veins ranges from 0.6 to 1,2 m. Metasomatical alterations of beresite-listvenite types are typical for volcanic rock. Thickness of metasomatic zones ranges up to several m. The metasomatite is stable and gold-bearing. Vernikovskiy, 1996; Karpuzov, 1996. Russia T 48 2 Lodochnikov Plateau 1 76 16 00N 76.2666666666667 104 11 00E 104.183333333333 Mo W-Mo-Be greisen, stockwork, and quartz vein Small Not available. North Taimyr Consists of molybdenite-containing quartz veins and lenses among postcollisional Late Carboniferous granitoids. The deposit minerals are molybdenite and scheelite and rare native gold. Vernikovskiy, 1996. Russia U 47 1 Proliv Krasnoy Armii 80 09 00N 80.15 97 16E 97.2666666666667 Pb, Zn Polymetallic Pb-Zn ñ Cu (ñAg, Au) vein and stockwork Small Not available. Byrranga Consists of zones of streaks and disseminations of sulfides and separate small veins hosted by Neoproterozoic sandstone, phyllite and schistose felsite. Deposit minerals are galena, sphalerite. Hydrothermal origin of deposit is interpreted. Karpuzov, 1996. Russia