Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publication_Date: 2004 Title: H11043_GEO_WGS84.TIF - Composite digital sidescan sonar mosaic of NOAA survey H11043 off Branford, Connecticut Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: Data are released via CD-ROM media. Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1003/data/sidescan/h11043/h11043_geo_wgs84.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L.J. Poppe Originator: V.F. Paskevich Originator: M.S. Moser Originator: M.L. DiGiacomo-Cohen Originator: E.B. Christman Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Sidescan Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Sea Floor off Branford, Connecticut Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2004-1003 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: This digital publication may also be available via the web at pubs.usgs.gov Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1003 Online_Linkage: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/openfile/of2004-1003 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, has produced detailed geologic maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound, a major East Coast estuary surrounded by the most densely populated region of the United States. These studies have built upon cooperative research with the State of Connecticut that was initiated in 1982. The current phase of this research program is directed toward studies of sea-floor sediment distribution, processes that control sediment distribution, nearshore environmental concerns, and the relation of benthic community structures to the sea-floor geology. Anthropogenic wastes, toxic chemicals, and changes in land-use patterns resulting from residential, commercial, and recreational development have stressed the environment of the Sound, causing degradation and potential loss of benthic habitats (Koppelman and others, 1976; Long Island Sound Study, 1994). Detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to help evaluate the extent of adverse impacts and to help manage resources wisely in the future. Therefore, in a continuing effort to better understand Long Island Sound, we have constructed and interpreted sidescan sonar mosaics (complete-coverage acoustic images of the sea floor) within specific areas of special interest (Poppe and Polloni, 1998; fig. 1). The mosaic presented herein covers a 41.1 km2 of the sea floor in north-central Long Island Sound off Branford, Connecticut. The mosaics and their interpretations serve many purposes, including: (1) defining the geological variability of the sea floor, which is one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity; (2) improving our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and (3) providing a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities. The sidescan sonar mosaics also serve as base maps for subsequent sedimentological, geochemical, and biological observations, because precise information on environmental setting is important for selection of sampling sites and for accurate interpretation of point measurements. Purpose: This GIS overlay is a component of the Branford Survey, Long Island Sound, ArcView GIS database and contains the completed sidescan sonar mosaic for the study area. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. Supplemental_Information: The image, which has not been enhanced, has a white background surrounding the composite mosaic. High dn values represent high backscatter and low dn values represent low backscatter. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.869907 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.775833 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.237200 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.151200 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: NOAA Ship RUDE Theme_Keyword: geotiff Theme_Keyword: ArcView Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar mosaic Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: geographic Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: northeast United States Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: U.S. East Coast Place_Keyword: Townshend Ledge Place_Keyword: Branford Reef Place_Keyword: Branford Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration as the originators of this dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lawrence J. Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: h11043_geo_wgs84 Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Overview of the digital sidescan sonar mosaic produced for NOAA survey H11043 Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: There are no attributes associated with a GEOTIFF image. Completeness_Report: All collected data were processed and used to generate the digital mosaic. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation was by differential GPS; positional accuracy to less than 10 m. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: H11043mosaic Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Publication_Information: Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H11043mosaic Source_Contribution: Orginal sidescan sonar mosaic created by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This image was projected from UTM to geographic. Process_Step: Process_Description: The sidescan sonar imagery contained in this report was produced from data collected during 2001 as part of NOAA survey H11043 aboard the NOAA Ship RUDE. The data for these surveys were acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format) using an Edgetech (EG&G) 272T sidescan sonar tow fish set to sweep about 100 m to either side of the ship's track. The Edgetech model 272T tow fish emits two 50°-wide beams tilted down 20° from horizontal, and transmits at 100 kHz. Analog side scan sonar data were converted to digital using an EG&G Analog Converter Interface (ACI). These digital data were then recorded through a Triton Elics International ISIS data acquisition system. The sidescan sonar data were multiplexed and filtered to convert the data into the desired processing format and to remove speckle noise and corrected for slant-range distortions. and imported into SonarWeb, an application that creates mosaics from raw XTF sidescan sonar data. The mosaic include the following standards: 1 meter resolution, image 'shine through', and auto contrast adjustment (with a 12.9% contrast increase). The image includes a white background (no data) surrounding the sidescan sonar image. High dn values represent low backscatter and low dn values represent high backscatter. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: XTF sidescan sonar data Process_Date: 2002 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: H11043mosaic.tif Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: H11043mosaic.tfw Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: LTJG Marc Moser Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Contact_Position: Field Support Liaison Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: Hydrographic Systems and Technology Program City: Norfolk State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 23510 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (757) 441-6726 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Marc.S.Moser@noaa.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The original image was renamed to h11043_utm18_wgs84 for archival purposes and to be more descriptive. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H11043mosaic.tif Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H11043mosaic.tfw Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_utm18_wgs84.tif Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_utm18_wgs84.tfw Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lawrence J. Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The original image was projected from UTM zone 18 to geographic and greyscale inverted. Lower digital values (dark) represent low backscatter and higher digital values represent high backscatter. The final image was saved in GEOTIFF format. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_utm18_wgs84.tif Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_utm18_wgs84.tfw Process_Date: 20030926 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_geo_wgs84.tif Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_geo_wgs84.tfw Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Valerie Paskevich Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Information Specialist, GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2281 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vpaskevich@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 9524 Column_Count: 8076 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000012 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000009 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data: sidescan sonar mosaic of NOAA survey H11043 off Branford, CT - h11043_geo_wgs84.tif Distribution_Liability: Although this data set has been used by the USGS and NOAA, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Information_Content: Two files: h11043_geo_wgs84.tif and h11043_geo_wgs84.tfw File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 75.152 Kb Digital_Transfer_Option: Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 650 Recording_Density_Units: Mbytes Recording_Format: ISO 9660 Compatibility_Information: The user must have a CD-ROM capable of reading an ISO 9660 standard CD-ROM Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: The user must have a program capable of reading and processing TIFF images. Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20040404 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None