1_readme.txt Spatial databases for the geology of the Northern Rocky Mountains - Idaho, Montana, and Washington By Michael L. Zientek(1), Pamela Dunlap Derkey(1), Robert J. Miller(2), J. Douglas Causey(1), Arthur A. Bookstrom(1), Mary H. Carlson(3), Gregory N. Green(4), Thomas P. Frost(1), David E. Boleneus(1), Karl V. Evans(4), Bradley S. Van Gosen(4), Anna B. Wilson(4), Jeremy C. Larsen(3), Helen Z. Kayser(3), William N. Kelley(3), and Kenneth C. Assmus(3) 2005 Open-File Report 2005-1235 Version 1.0 U.S. Department of the Interior Gale Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. (1) U.S. Geological Survey, 904 West Riverside Avenue, Spokane, WA 99201 (2) U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, MS-901, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (3) Information Systems Support, Inc., 904 West Riverside Avenue, Spokane, WA 99201 (4) U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 INTRODUCTION A regionally consistent and integrated geologic spatial database for the Northern Rocky Mountains of Montana, Idaho, and eastern Washington, brings together forty-three 1:100,000- to 1:250,000-scale digital geologic maps into a common database format. The regional geologic database is an ArcInfo coverage (NR_GEO) that contains spatial data for both lines (contacts, faults, fold axes, dikes, sills, veins, garnet isograd, and boundaries) and polygons (geologic units). Three schemes are used to classify polygons and lines in this spatial database. The database represents the original content of the published maps and provides easily used and consistent attribute content. Information based on our interpretations of published reports is included in the database. In particular, attribute information has been added that 1) classifies igneous rocks by age, composition, and name, and 2) allows the creation of derivative maps based on lithology. This database can be queried to address an assortment of geological questions and to produce a variety of derivative geological maps. Digital themes derived from these digital spatial geologic databases will be used by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) for planning and research purposes and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to facilitate research and conduct mineral-resource assessments. REVISIONS AND UPDATES This GIS compilation will not be revised and updated as new data become available. FILE AND DATA FORMATS Text files (.txt) may be viewed without special software. Hypertext mark-up language files (.htm) require a browser such as Netscape Communicator or Internet Explorer. Adobe Portable Document Format files (.pdf) can be viewed with Acrobat Reader, a free application available from Adobe Systems Incorporated. Spreadsheets (.xls) are Microsoft Excel 2003 workbooks. Spatial databases require GIS software such as ArcReader, ArcView or ArcInfo. The spatial data files can be directly accessed by these applications. Excel, ArcView, and ArcInfo are licensed applications that must be purchased. The vector spatial databases are coverages compiled in ArcInfo (version 9.0, ESRI, 1999-2004), a commercial GIS, in geographic coordinates with datum NAD27. The raster dataset is in ERDAS IMAGINE image format. Each spatial database is accompanied by FGDC-compliant metadata. FILE ORGANIZATION Top level files: 1_readme.txt - this file. autohtml.exe, autorun.inf, index.html, showhtml.ini, and usgsid.ico ö Windows and Web operating files. data.zip - ArcInfo coverages and ArcGIS layer and published map files in zip archive. Coverages are geospatial databases that are directly accessible to ESRI GIS software such as ArcMap or ArcView. Layer files provide a pre-defined cartographic view of the spatial databases using ArcMap. ArcGIS published map files provide data views of maps that can be opened with ArcReader or ArcMap. of2005-1235.pdf - Report, appendices, and illustrations. version_history.txt ö Citation and release information. Top level directories: \Acrobat\ - Installer for Acrobat Reader 7 for Macintosh and Windows. \export\ Files that must be processed before using with GIS or relational database software programs. Information includes vector spatial databases as ESRI interchange files (nr_geo.e00, nr_maps.e00, and nr_extent.e00) in zip archive (nr_geology.zip); ERSDAS IMAGINE image format file of the topographic basemap spatial database in zip archive (nr_basemap.zip); and map unit descriptions in a text format (nr_geo-mud.txt). \fonts\ "GeoAgeFullAlpha" Geological Stratigraphic Age Font files. This font contains most geologic age characters as well as all lower-case and upper-case alphabets. \images\ - Images used for web interface. \map_unit\ - Map unit descriptions and references, along with selected information from look-up tables for the ArcInfo coverage NR_GEO, in an Adobe Portable Document Format (pdf) document. A subdirectory contains text format files with lists of terms found in the map unit descriptions. \metadata\ - metadata files in html format that provide information about the spatial databases in this report. \terms\ - Hierarchical list of standardized rock and sediment terms and their definitions in Microsoft Excel 2003 workbook and text format files. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Windows - Intel Pentium or Xeon processor, 800 MHz minimum, 1.0GHz or higher recommended - Microsoft Windows XP, or Windows 2000, - 256 MB minimum of RAM, 512 MB or higher recommended - VGA color monitor that can display 256 colors (16.7 million colors recommended) UNIX - Almost any UNIX workstation should be capable of manipulating these files. All platforms - Web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Browser version 7.0 or greater. Adobe Acrobat Reader 6.0 or higher. - GIS software capable of reading ArcInfo coverages, such as such as ArcView, or ArcInfo is needed to take full advantage of the GIS-capabilities of this publication. QUICK START 1. The ArcGIS layer files included in the archive, data.zip, provide pre-defined cartographic views of the spatial databases. When the information in the archive, data.zip is extracted into a directory \data\ and opened in ArcInfo or ArcView, the layer files reference a data source and joined tables to display symbols and classifications for a dataset. 2. ESRI ArcGIS published map files (.pmf) in the directory \data\ are also available to help view the data. These files can be used with ArcReader, a free mapping application available from ESRI. The published map files include several data layers that can be queried with the identity tool in ArcReader. The pmf files were created to only show the data view; layout views of the datasets were not created. The pmf files may also be opened with ArcMap. Maps were created using ArcGIS layer files to illustrate the geologic age of map units (age.pmf), igneous map units based on age, composition, and mode of occurrence (igneous.pmf), and lithology (lithology.pmf). The data presented in the .pmf files are projected to an Albers Equal Area Conic projection with the following parameters: North_America_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic Albers units: meters False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Central_Meridian: -114.000000 Standard_Parallel_1: 44.000000 Standard_Parallel_2: 48.000000 Latitude_Of_Origin: 41.000000 GCS_North_American_1927 3. The ArcInfo coverages in the directory \data\ can be opened using ArcInfo or ArcView; however, look-up tables must be joined to the coverages in order to associate detailed attribute information to polygons and arcs. The table relationships and attribute definitions are described in the report. 4. The topographic base map included in this report is stored in a compressed zip archive. When this map is extracted, it will expand from about 300 MB to about 4.2 GB. This file can be viewed with ArcInfo or ArcView and added to existing ArcGIS map documents. The image is projected, using the same parameters as the ArcGIS .pmf files. Two settings should be adjusted in the properties of the image in order to view this dataset with the geology database. First, the images should be displayed as semi-transparent. Second, the white and green colors (colors 1 and 5, respectively, in the colormap) of the base map should be set to "null" so that the colors of the image will not conflict with the colored symbology of the spatial database. 5. Adobe Acrobat Reader can be used to view and search the summaries of the map unit descriptions for the geologic spatial database in the file nr_geo_mapunits.pdf in the directory \map_unit\. Map units derived from the source maps for this compilation are identified by an integer in the field mu_id in the geology spatial database. This identification number also is included with the map unit description in the Adobe Portable Document Format file. In order to find a description for a particular map unit, use the search tool in Adobe Acrobat Reader to find the form for a given value of mu_id. 6. Two fields in the ArcInfo coverage NR_GEO utilizes a special font, GeoAgeFullAlpha, to properly display special geologic map symbols for Precambrian, Proterozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Triassic, Pennsylvanian, and Cambrian map units. For these symbols to appear properly the GeoAge font in the directory \fonts\ must be installed in the system font directory. Installation instructions for the GeoAge font are included with the files in the directory \fonts\. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Reed Lewis and Loudon Stanford with the Idaho Geological Survey and Karen Porter, Dick Berg, and Patrick Kennelly with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology cooperated in our effort to make this compilation. They worked with us to produce several new digital geologic maps and provided digital files of geologic maps and map-unit descriptions. They also answered numerous geologic questions that came up during the compilation process. Eastern Washington University students Rebecca Pitts, David Cleveland, Mike Koenig, and Richard D. West helped compile data. Ellen Burch, Information Systems Support, Inc., scanned map-unit descriptions and converted them to text format. Karen Lund and Mike O'Neill with the U.S. Geological Survey provided unpublished data for the database. Dave Bedford and Jordan Hastings, U.S. Geological Survey, and Ryan Stevens, Information Systems Support, Inc., provided Visual Basic programming for the Microsoft Access database used to compile map attribute data. Lorre A. Moyer assisted in developing lithologic symbolization. Technical reviews by Bruce R. Johnson, Stephen E. Box, Nora B. Shew, Peter N. Schweitzer, Lorre A. Moyer, Loudon R. Stanford, Reed S. Lewis, Karen Porter, and Ryan Portner greatly improved this report. The bibliographical reference for this publication is: Zientek, M.L. Derkey, P.D., Miller, R.J., Causey, J.D., Bookstrom, A.A., Carlson, M.H., Green, G.N., Frost, T.P., Boleneus, D.E., Evans, K.V., Van Gosen, B.S., Wilson, A.B., Larsen, J.C., Kayser, H.Z., Kelley, W.N., and Assmus, K.C., 2005, Spatial databases for the geology of the Northern Rocky Mountains - Idaho, Montana, and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1235 [available on the World Wide Web at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1235/ ]. This report and any updates to it are available on line at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1235/