Copyright 1984-2001 FileMaker, Inc. HBAM2016AUG95HPro 5.0 epositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesroc@@;basalticpyroclasticandflowrocksincludingminorpillowed@chieflyintercalatedgreenschistandblueschistbutincludes@depositsinhigherterracesalongmajorstreamsandinoldd@ndriftofwisconsinglaciationchieflylateralandgroundmor@Wduneswellsortedfinegrainedsandandsiltalignedinlong@elongateplutonsemplacedinvaldezgroupofmedium-grained@grading@tkm@morainal@ooriginal@present@smallbasaltplugsanddikesgenerallyamygdaloidalandvesithedepositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesroc@theglaciofluvialdepositsbroadlydistributedbelow900mi@thelimestoneismediumtothick-beddedwhitetomediumgray@Xvolcanicflowsofporphyriticandesitevolcanicmudanddebr@@@  sedimentary@ @€@{@E,HBAM3016AUG95@agamapavavpcczabd%dg?@dhp>dkm1dl.3dmsW?W@WBWEWKWOWVWWW,W-W.W0W{WEW`WWconfluence WLWMWWconformableWconglomeratejWWmWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W+W,W-W.W/W1W3W4W6W8W:W@WjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W!W(W*W-W5W=W_W~WWconglomeratecoarsetofine-grainedsandstonesiltstonemuds,VconglomeratefluvialdepositsderivedfromwrangelllavaandjVconglomeratesandstonesiltstoneandmudstone.Vconglomerate-brecciaWconglomeratesWWWWWWW,WconglomeraticWWWWW6WeW WqWectedWconsidered,WconsistaWWWWW(W9WWWWWWW3W:WiWWWWW creekaWqWrWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&W+W-W9W:W?WOWcWWWWWWW W W W W WW!W#W$WTWwWWcreepRWWcrestsWWcret-Wcretaceous<WPWQWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWWW^WxWcretacousEWFWcrop=WCWNWcrops=WcrossjWkWlWmWWculminatedWWWcumulateWcurrentsWWWWWcutW^WaWW W WW3W5WcycleZWdWWWWd2WWdaciteWWWWWWWWW"W'W(W4W5W6W:W;WIWMWOWQWRWTWVWWWZW\W^WcWfWlWmWnWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W%W-W3WWZW(oABig textB@% @6A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMC $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMD $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PME $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB`sedimentaryrocksVsediments5W6WWW#WdWsee&Wsegregated{WWWsegregationWsegregationsXWWWWWW@WseiciteWseldoviaWsemi-anthraciteWsemi-consolidated+Wsemi-induratedWWWsemi-induratedrocksarelightgrayandconsistofunsortedVsemianthraciteWWWsemiconsolidated(Wsemiconsolidatedandcrudelystratifieddepositsofunsorted(VsemigranoblasticWWsemischist:WsemischistosejWkWlWmWnWsWseparatexW WseparatedW"WWWS ††AQogBDrift of older glaciationCQuaternary, PleistoceneA*Chiefly ground-moraine and fluvial (?) deposits on a few gently sloping plateaus and ridge crests about about 1500 m elevation on northern parts of Mt. Drum. Diamicton and accumulations of subrounded to rounded pebbles, cobbles and boulders. Pre-Wisconsin, in large part possibly Illinoian in age*GGU101H125IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK200N2000†ATgB,Glacial, fluvioglacial, and boulder depositsCTertiaryDtWeakly consolidated, poorly sorted, fluvioglacial deposits, glacial volcanic boulder deposits, and localized tilliteELignitized woodGNB002H115INabesnaJ SedimentaryK220N2200†AQcgB ConglomerateC PleistoceneDWeakly indurated pebble to boulder conglomerate and interbedded lenses of sandstone. Conglomerate is continuation of more extensive sedimentary rock unit mapped in the contiguous Gulkana A-1 quadrangle (Richter and others, 1994).GVA007H6IValdezJ SedimentaryK455N4550†AQwdjˆIBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK3820ˆAJTrmlB!McCarthy Formation - Lower memberC(Early Jurassic and Late Triassic, NorianAImpure limestone (wackestone and subordinate lime mudstone) intercalated with shale (dark gray, fissile, finely laminated calcareous carbonaceous containing abundant microfossils) and minor chert (gray/brownish-black microcrystalline silica). Limestone has a localized hackly fracture pattern. Member has been cut by the Chitina batholith and Tertiary hypabyssal rocks. Some rocks are weakly metamorphosed, recrystallized and poorly foliatedEWidespread pelecypods of the genus Monotis indicate the late Norian Stage of the Late Triassic found in the lower parts of the memberGMC100H115IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK3820ˆATrlB LimestoneC Late Triassicrdominantlysandstonefine-grainedfeldspathicgraywackeand4Vdominantlyschistflyschmetamorphosedtolowergreenschist}VdominantlythickflowunitsofslightlyporphyritictholeiitV78AtomskeyB @A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB  O $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMP  U $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMV  YZ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM") PF $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMG $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMH $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMI $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM(* K $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PML $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMM N O P Q R S T U V W X Y[ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM] $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM)+ _ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMb $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMfg $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMi $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMj kl $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM*, m $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMn $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMopq $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMr s $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMt $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMu +- v $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMA$q7n$%8e<qO";$OgTqg"RMfhlt"i }iv'Ek,. Bv='oDdWDX\byub-vp qn  EX  DX  mCc(vq  bvdw  cw ~. f 2d"+ &-/ D. 'I\%) I]*br +f0!, ~. !-/{!. ;   ;/ ;Ev C, 0F(120(38(4|5((6 .MLabelNNSAclassO Quadrangle P Rock classQ Class codeR Source codeSRadiometric ageTFossilU DescriptionVAge.0 W Unit nameX Rock unitA&AjNSAmod+A"#$o Description0A)+,.r Minimum ageu Maximum age @B#"{@B#"{@AF  !%&'(*-FB#"{@         #$ "! +.),( @@#B s@A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM/1 RC $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMD $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PME $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMF $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMG $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM02 RH $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMI $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMK $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PML $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM13 RM $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMN $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMO $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMP $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMQ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM24 RR $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMS $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMT $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMU $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMV $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM35 W $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMX $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMY $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM46 A)x x))hh))XX))HH))8  8)  B) )F  F)  )  )TT))DD))44)57 C ) $ $) o  o)   ) 2  2)   @BBA2 2                     6' H$"#.)+,';lATableBB% @A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMC $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMD $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMG $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMUsandgravelbouldersdiamictonandrubblecolluviumtalusanWVsandierWWWsandstoneWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W-W.W/W0W1W3W4W5W6W7W8W@WeWpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW!W,W_WqWwWsandstoneandsiltstonedepositedatshallowtomoderatedepwVsandstonewithsparsevolcaniclasticrocksVsecondaryWWWsectionWWsectionsWWWWWWWsectorWsedimentWWsediment-gravityWsedimentaryWlWmWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*WWBD A DescriptionB_ @A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙B C $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙D E $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙F G $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙H I $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙J 8< pH $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMI $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJ  K  L  O  P  Q  R  S $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMT  V $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMW  X;= Y $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMZ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM[ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM<> A)I(*=-H:QbTpactfIsL^O7\| B/@ 3I@ #  K" ar dNr|U;1 B=? zCp ju'LJ Rock classK QuadrangleL Source codeO DescriptionPAgeQ Unit nameR Rock unitTNSAclassW Class codeA @B#"{@Bt#"{@A& &B#"{@   @@B s@ A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM>@ RC $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMD $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PME $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMF $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMG $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM?A UH $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMI $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMK $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PML $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM@B A%JJ%%MM%  %  % %  %K K%  %; Bj;%%+X @BBA             A: ?      FHs A GSA colorB  @:A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMB $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMC $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMD $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PME $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM:E  K $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙L M $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙N O $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙P Q $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙R S $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMff̙T VDF  A6PK6 IEHPtLH [E{OL{+D5JJ5HQ F B1  0 T0  .I9s<"5O7ELg5/AEC  Cm]  m]m] ~B Rock unitD Unit nameFAgeH Source codeJ Class codeL QuadrangleNNSAclassP DescriptionR descriptionTsourcesVMain @BfBA. .B     VX ANora'sBB @ A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM̙B C $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM̙D E $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM̙F G $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM̙H I $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM̙J CI P F $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMG $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMH $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMI $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMHJ  K $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PML $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMM N O P Q R S T U V W X Y[ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM] $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMIK  _ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMb $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMfg $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMi $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMj kl $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJL  m $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMn $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMopq $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMr s $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMt $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMu KM + v $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMw $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMx y  $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMz Tqg"RMfhlt"i }iv'EkLU  A$q7$%8e<qO";$OgTqg"RMfhlt"i }iv'EkBv='oDdWDX\aWta uN qn  EX  DX  m;O MMaplabel.  'I\%) I]*br +f0 !, ~. !-/{ !. ;   ;/ ;E C, 0F(120(38(4|5((6cnv7b6va8 MLabelNP  NNSAclassO Quadrangle P Rock classQ Class codeR Source codeSRadiometric ageTFossilU DescriptionVAgeW Unit nameX Rock unitA&AjNSAmod+A"#$o Description0A)+,.r Minimum ageu Maximum agexQclasszor this if NSAclass < 500 @B#"{@B#"{@fAN  !%&'(*-/012NB#"{@      /  #$ "! +.),( 1@@ B s@A $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMOQ R B $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMC $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMD $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PME $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMF $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMPR R G $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMH $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMI $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMJ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMK $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMQS R L $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMM  $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMN $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMO $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMP $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMRT R Q $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMR $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMS $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMT $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMU $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMS R V $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMW $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMX $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMY $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMZ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMM;  Cbu$  avdx# bv . f   2d "+$ &D. 'I\%) I]*+b +-fB !, -~@ !-,A{ !. ;   ;/ ; G O  @BBfA6 6                      /1$"#.)+,     ][AnnsakeyBnsarefsCnsalithD nsadescripEnsaageF maplabelsG maplabels 2`GW†AQB#Undifferentiated surficial depositsC QuaternaryDThe deposits include alluvium, colluvium, talus, landslides, rock glaciers, eolian and paludal deposits, and a variety of lacustrine, morainal, and ice contact.GVA002H100IValdezJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†AQsBSurficial depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneD$Surficial deposits, undifferentiatedGGU002H100IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†AQsB$Surficial deposits, undifferentiatedCHoloceneD|Surficial deposits, undifferentiated -- Alluvium deposited by nonglacial streams and outwash deposited by glacial meltwater.GCV003H110ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK100N1000† AQuBSurficial deposits, undividedCHolocenemˆˆAJsB+Undivided Jurassic marine sedimentary rocksCJurassicABLower parts of the Matanuska-Wrangell terrane; subdivided into Lubbe Creek Formation: spiculite and minor coquina; Nizina Mountain Formation: graywacke; Root Glacier Formation: mudstone, siltstone, and subordinate sandstone, shale, and conglomerate. Broadly correlate with Jurassic rocks in Valdez Quad and Talkeetna MtnsBEJ'Abundant fossils' indicate an age span from Pliensbachian to KimmeridgianGMC002H11IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK3000ˆAJkBKotsina ConglomerateCMiddle or Late Jurassic?AWell-indurated massive to very thick-bedded cobble- and pebble-conglomerate, with some bouldery strata. Olive-gray lithic and feldspathic sandstone, siltstone, and carbonaceous shale are interbedded in many places and increase in proportion west of Long Glacier.E Plant scrapsF^K-Ar age on biotite from a clast of 161 Ma and on hornblende from cross-cutting dike of 145 MaGVA002H3110IValdezJ SedimentaryK3110†JUnconsolidatedK129N1290†AQagBGlacial depositsCHoloceneDjDrift of Alaskan Glaciation. End and lateral moraine deposits of receding glaciers. Rubble and diamictonGNB002H106INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQmBYounger glacial moraineCHoloceneDUndifferentiated terminal, lateral, and ground moraine. Locally includes and kame and esker deposits of Guyot Glacier around Icy Bay.GBG002H117IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQmB%Terminal, lateral, and ground moraineCHoloceneDxTerminal, lateral and ground moraine-- Unsorted boulders, cobbles, gravel and sand deposited during retreat of glaciers.GCV003H135ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagBAlaskan glaciation depositsCHoloceneDKTerminal and lateral moraine at base of small ice field. Chiefly diamictonGMC003H199IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagBAlaskan glaciation depositsC QuaternaryDDrift of Alaska glaciation GMC004H405IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQm Cc(uq  gtz(p  ~ +# b.`"c<$D  /co%-+j& '/1=(/ =&)/=*B=schistoserWxW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWW#W0W5W=WschistoseclinopyroxenegabbroVschistosegranodioriteVschistosehornblendedioriteVschistosehornblendegabbroVschistosemarbleindividualmarblelayerscanbetracedfor#VhraderWschulze+WschwantWuWvWscoraceous WscoriaWWW0W1W2WWWscoriaceousW WW4WtWwW}Wsea4W:WWsecondZWsecondaryWWWsectionWW WsectionsWWWWWWWWWsectorWsedimentWWpWqWsediment-gravityWsedimentaryWlWmWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W9WCWNWXWcWdWiWjWkWlWmWpWqW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWW WW^W !@A!VDEF(LIST8LISTA8Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic Unconsolidated Tectonite8VDEFA((A!=VDEF(LISTHLISTAHALT ALT-POT ALT-BIO ALT-SER ALT-ARG HFS HFS-ALB HFS-HBL HFS-PYX HFS-SAN HVDEFA((ARock class ListB Nsamods list`@A7FMRLFMRLA A5FMRLFMRLAA6FMRLFMRLA A;FMRLFMRLA  A9FMRLFMRLA A<FMRLFMRLA  A@FMRLFMRLA `] A1 RPTH RolyNAME WSPCNAMEA Wrstrefs.FP5 RPTHA WRSTREFS.FP5 RolyAWSPCAE:\DB-5\WRST\ A1 wRPTH RolyNAMEWSPCNAMEA maplabels.fp5RPTHA MAPLABELS.FP5 RolyAWSPCAE:\DB-5\WRST\ A1SRPTHRolyNAMEWSPCNAMEAwrstdescrip.fp5RPTHAWRSTDESCRIP.FP5RolyAWSPCAE:\E.1\DB-5\WRST\RPTHRolyNAMEWSPCNAMEAwrstdescrip.fp5RPTHAWRSTDESCRIP.FP5RolyAWSPCAE:\E.1\DB-5\WRST\olyAWSPCAE:\DB-5\WRST\ A1 wRPTH RolyNAMEWSPCNAMEA maplabels.fp5RPTHA MAPLABELS.FP5 RolyAWSPCAE:\DB-5\WRST\dP^SundayMondayTuesday WednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdayJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugust SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberQ1Q2Q3Q4 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter,  , ^ArialSystemFujiyamaExtraBold Lucida FaxTimes New Roman Helvetica MS Sans SerifLucida HandwritingLucida Calligraphy Arial Narrow Verdana Times Tahoma Courier @  ҁ 9 w  IS A9FPTHRPTH NAME WSPCMARI FPTHAROCKET2:Databases:nnsakey.FP5MARIA nnsakey.FP3 NAMEA nnsakey.FP5 RPTHA NNSAKEY.FP5 WSPCAD:\Databases\A1 IRPTHRolyNAME WSPC NAMEA nnsakey.FP5 RPTHA::::E.1:DB-5:NNSAKEY.FP5RolyAWSPCA E:\E.1\DB-5\ A1 9RPTH RolyNAME WSPCNAMEA nsalith.fp5 RPTHA NSALITH.FP5 RolyAWSPCAE:\E.1\DB-5\WRST\A1 RPTHRolyNAME WSPC NAMEA nsaage.fp5 RPTHA::::E.1:DB-5:NSAAGE.FP5RolyAWSPCA E:\E.1\DB-5\ EE Pro 2.0 - 2.1F!-"(-"(P$IH Pro 5.0 - 5.5 WÄ$Ä$!Ä$a΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႆ₆らabcÄ$Ä%傆悆Ä*肆邆ꂆ낆Ä1Ä3ÄA! s‰D{In ponds, swamps, lagoons, and along low-gradient streams. Chiefly silt, clay, fine sand, peat, and other organic materialGCV004H707ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK112N1120‰AQbBBeach and delta deposits CHoloceneAZWave-deposited, coarse-grained material and driftwood along seacoast; fine-grained sediment in mud flats of Copper River Delta; and marine uplift terraces. Successive spit-building episodes of progressive gradation are preserved in beach sequences along coastal lowland between Cape Yakataga and Bering Glacier. Boulders, gravel, sand, and siltZGCV004H703ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK115N1150‰AQbBBeach and delta deposits CHolocene+†AThe glaciofluvial deposits, broadly distributed below 900 m in elevation, are, in part, products of intermittent deposition in a large periglacial Pleistocene lake that occupied extensive parts of the Chitina Valley and Copper River Basin. Also included are proglacial deltaic and similar lake margin deposits. Most weather to light brown or tan and are poorly consolidated, poorly sorted, and crudely stratified. Boulder-cobble rich gravels, with local dominations of sand and silt.GMC100H107IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK124N1240k?quaternaryWWWWW W W W W WWWWWWWWWWWWWW $W%W(W)W+W.W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWEWFYWZW[W\W]W^W_W`WaWbWcWiWjWkWlWmWnWstWuWvWwWxWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWNOPlquaternaryandtertiarylVmVnVVquaternaryandtertiaryholocenepleistoceneplioceneandmizVquaternaryandtertiarypleistoceneandpliocenekVwVVquaternaryandtertiarypleistoceneplioceneandmiocene+ViVjVtVuVvVxVVVVVVVVVVquaternaryandtertiarypleistoceneplioceneandolder|V}V~VVVV ‡DINabesnaJIgneousK355N3551‡EAQwjB1Jarvis volcanoes - Shield and intracaldera lavas CQuaternary, PleistoceneDChiefly andesiteGNB007H721INabesnaJIgneousK355N3551‡FAQwrB$Wrangell Lava (rhyolite cinder cone)C QuaternaryD9Rhyolite cinder cone and associated nuee ardente depositsGNB002H112INabesnaJIgneousK401N4012‡GAQdcBVolcanic rocks-Drum VolcanoC PleistoceneDCollapsed domeGGU002H121IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4011‡HAQsiBVolcanic rocks-Sanford VolcanoC PleistoceneDShallow plutonsGGU002H124IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4012‡IAQddBVolcanic rocks-Drum VolcanoC PleistoceneD Dacite domesGGU002H119IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4011‡JAQdrBVolcanic rocks-Drum VolcanoC PleistoceneDRhyolite domesGGU002H120IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4011‡KAQsrBVolcanic rocks-Sanford VolcanoC PleistoceneDRhyodacite dome and flowGGU002H125IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4012‡LAQsiB0Mount Sanford volcano -- Dikes, undifferentiatedC PleistoceneˆˆATopsB0Orca Group: Pillow basalt and sedimentary rocksCEocene (?) and PaleoceneAPillow basalt, massive basalt flows, minor volcanic breccia interbedded with sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Distinguished from the interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanics rocks unit on the basis of the predominance of pillow basalt in the section. Probably gradational with the pillow basalt unit. Two measured sections on Ellamar Mountain show significant differences in the percent of interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocks that reflect rapid lensing out of units probably due toB the presence of an irregular paleosurface. One section contains 92 percent volcanic rocks and 8 percent sedimentary rocks, and the other section about 1,200 ft laterally distant contains 75 percent volcanic rocks and 25 percent sedimentary rocks.GCV002H331ICordovaJIgneousK1136ˆATgbBALayered gabbro and cumulate ultramafic rocks in Fairweather RangeCTertiary?quaternarypleistoceneVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV V V V VVVVVVVVVVVVVV$V%V(V)V.V/V0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V:V;V<V=V>V?V@VAVEVYVZV[V\V]V^V_V`VaVbVcV{VquaternarypleistoceneandtertiaryplioceneandmioceneVtertiary+WBWiWjWkWlWmWnWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႇょ䂇傇悇炇肇邇ꂇ낇삇WWWWW WWWWW!$%W&W'W(W)W*W-WbWWtertiaryandcretaceous'V)V-VVWWWDspits W!W"W#WWWWWsporadicWsporadically WspottedyWspringWWKWspringsWWspurW&Wst8WstacksWWWWWstadeWstageaWstagesWYWWWOWstainsxWstarved{W|Wstation W WstauroliteWamBWstreambed9W:W;W=WstreamsW W!W"W#W(W+W,W-W.W/W0W1W2W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W@WAWPW\WkWlWnWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWzW}W~WWWWstructurelessW@Wsub-iceWWsubroundedWsuccessiveWWsuch W!W"W#WRWsuggesting9WsuperglacialWsuperglacialdriftVsupportpWWsupraglacialWsupraglacialmoraineunweatheredpoorlysorteddebrisonsurVsurfaceWWsurfacesWWWWWWsurficialWW W!W"W#WRWsurficialdepositsundifferentiatedVp&visited@volcaniclastic@6volcanoes@7weakly@weaklytostronglyfoliatedcompositionallydiverseplutonic@well@well-sorted@wide@wisconisin@withm!within@wrangell@wrangellvolcanotwo-pyroxenehigh-silicaandesiteflows@~yellow@abundantalgal-matchipsandstromatolites@agebasedonfossilevidenceinnabesnac-5@ages@salaskana@albian@ brachiopods@contains@containsasparsewarmwatermolluscanmegafaunaandlocally@_corbisema@elsewhere@}foraminifera@fossilleavesfromfrederikaformationindicateamioceneag@high@late@megafauna@Hmultiple@or@ingglacier@cordova@glacier@icy@nabesnasaint@G igneousZmetamorphic@qsedimentary@iunconsolidated@ Ã!@\ÃQ@@Ä5IÄ61@1lsoutheast-striking7WsoutheasterlyWWsoutheasternbWsouthernWdWWWUWˆ*ˆ+AKuB0Predominantly Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocksC CretaceousAParts of the Matanuska-Wrangell terrane; locally subdivided into Moonshine Creek Formation: siltstone and sandstone, with minor conglomerate; Schulze Formation: porcellanite, with minor sandstone and conglomerate; Chititu Formation: mudstone and shale, subordinate porcellanite, sandstone, and impure limestone; MacColl Ridge Formation: Coarse sandstone and minor granule and pebble conglomerate. Correlates to part of the Matanuska Formation in the Talkeetna Mtns, Matanuska Valley, and prB.obably with rocks of the Matanuska geosynclineEI'Abundant fossils' indicate an age span from late Albian to MaestrichtianGMC002H17IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK1940ˆ,AKsBContinental sedimentary rocksCLate CretaceousD[Conglomerate, coarse- to fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and subordinate shaleE0Petrified wood; well preserved leaves and plantsGNB002H116INabesnaJ SedimentaryK1941ˆ-ATKsYˆAJkBKotsina ConglomerateCLate and Middle JurassicDThin- to thick-bedded conglomerate with locally derived pebbles and cobbles and subordinate sandstone and shale. Extends into Valdez Quad. Correlates to rocks in Talkeetna MtnsFR'Isotopic age' indicates an age span from late Jurassic to Middle to Late JurassicGMC002H10IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK3110ˆAJTrcB-Marine clastic and carbonate rocks, undividedC(Late or Middle Jurassic to Late TriassicDWrangellia terrane, Consists of Kotsina Conglomerate (Middle or Late Jurassic), lower part of the McCarthy Formation (Late Triassic), and the Chitistone and Nizina Limestones (Late Triassic)GVA007H34IValdezJ SedimentaryK3110ˆAJkBKotsina ConglomerateCLEarly Cretaceous and Late Jurassic, Berriasian, Thithonian, and KimmeridgianLds@kyb@?qal@qoaf@qt@qws@wtops@Ztovs@trml@ablation@alluviumI alluviumalongstreams@:and@n2andesite@andesiteagglutinate@andesitemudflowshyaloclastitestephraandflows@'basaltictoandesiticplugsanddikes@capitol@cinderconesandassociatedflows@colluvialdeposits@colluvialdepositscolluviumandalluviummixed@cones@4dacite@debris@depositsofthecopperriverbasinundifferentiated@Hdome@driftofalaskanneoglacialglaciation+largelyrubble@chieflygravelandsandthathvebeenactivelywatertranspo@vchieflytalusbutincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesrock@icoalescing@consisting@creek@!depositsdepositsinbithactiverockglaciersandinactiverockglac@Odepositsinhigherterracesalongmajorstreamsandinoldd@st@| AcompositionsWdWWUWcompressedWcompriseWWconcertionaryWconchoidalWconcomitantWconcretionaryWWWWWWWWWWW8Wconcretionarypyriticandglauconiticreddish-weatheringarkVVVconcretionarypyriticglauconiticreddishweatheringdark-grVVconcretionarypyriticglauconiticreddish-weatheringdark-grVconcretionsWWWWWWWWW3W4W5W7WconditionsWWWconeWWWW2WFWvWWWjothedepositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesroc@theglaciofluvialdepositsbroadlydistributedbelow900mi@thick200mlight-coloredandintricatelyflow-bandedrhyoli@thickoftenglassyporphyriticflowswithplagioclasethemo@thickness@Kthintomedium-beddedmetamorphosedflyschinterlayeredmeta@thin-bedded@othree@@ti3a@}tight@/tomtoe@tongues@trace@tuffs@typicallyfinetomedium-grainedsemigranoblasticquartzofel@underlying@2undifferentiatedslopedepositsincludingglacialandalluvi@undividedandesiteanddaciteflows@unsorted@musually@usuallymarginsoflargerfanschieflysandandsilt@4valley@valley-fill@verydarkandesiteplugthatmaymarkaprincipaleruptivea@@ˆ^BHornblende-rich dioriteC CretaceousDQPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende-rich dioriteGNB002H141INabesnaJIgneousK2540ˆ_AKdBHorneblende DioriteCCretaceous (?)DUSmall stocks, chiefly of hornblende diorite. Hornblende largely altered to chlorite.GNB004H419INabesnaJIgneousK2540ˆ`AKuBUndifferentiated Granitic RocksCmiddle CretaceousD/Chiefly altered quartz diorite and granodioriteGNB109H337INabesnaJIgneousK2540MALTˆaAKntB TrondhjemiteC CretaceousDPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Medium- to coarse-grained leucocratic trondhjemite with sodic plagioclase, quartz, and biotiteGNB002H135INabesnaJIgneousK2570ˆbAKTjB Trondhjemite CTertiary or middle CretaceousDWhite (C.I. 0-5), fine-to medium grained, small trondhjemite stoks and associated dikes consisting of plagioclase and -quartz with sparse biotite and white mica in the southeastern part of the D-2 quadrangleGBG002H300IBering GlacierJIgneousK2570ˆcAKfcneoglacialWWWnewcWfWTWnikolaiWWWWWWWWWW]W~WWnikolaigreenstoneVVVVVVVVVV]V~VVrane.VnovatakWWnow;Wnuee2WnunatakWWWWWnutzotinWnutzotinmountainsequenceVofWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW(W9W:WYWqWrWWWWWWRW{WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWoffshoreWoilyWoldBWnWoWvWoldalluvialdepositsnVoVoldalluvialdepositsalluviuminfansBVolderkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWjWnWWWWW&WQWeWW,‰ ‰ APhlB#Skolai Group - Limestone and marbleC7Early Permian, Guadalupian, Leonardian, and WolfcampianAVThe limestone predominantly occurs at the base of the section and sporadically ditributed limestone and marble elsewhere. Coarse-grained bioclastic grainstone with local conglomeratic facies (containing pebbles derived from the Station Creek and Hansen Creek Formations) and their metamorphosed equivalents, primarily recrystallized calcite.VEAbundant crinoid columnals and lesser brachiopods, bryozoans, and gastropods. The multiple species of the brachiopod assemblage represents typical arctic Permian fauna of late Leonardian to early Guadalupian ageGMC100H123IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK5750‰ APlB&Limestone of the Hasen Creek FormationC Early Permian-ˆiA~Thick sequence of rhythmically alternating, multiply-deformed, metamorphosed turbidites that consist of metasandstone, metasiltstone, argillite, slate and phyllite and rare beds of pebbly argillite. Beds generally a few centimeters to a few meters thick. Primary internal sedimentary structures are common. Variably metamorphosed regionally from zeolite to lower greenschist facies.~GCV003H511ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2700ˆˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCTriassicDAmygdaloidal tholeiitic basalt lava flows and minor associated volcaniclastic rocks. Pillow structures common along lower Ptarmigan Creek, but lavas are typically subaerialGMC003H327IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK4420ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCLate and (or) Middle TriassicDAmygdaloidal basalt flows separated locally by volcaniclastic beds. Intermixed aa and pahoehoe flows with individual flow units.GNB004H416INabesnaJIgneousK4420ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCLate and (or) Middle Triassic)D&Wrangellia terrane, Nikolai GreenstoneGVA007H35IValdezJ MetamorphicK4420ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCUpper and/or Middle TriassicAGreen amygdaloidal basalt flows, separated by locally thin volcaniclastic beds. Intermixed aa and pahoehoe flows. Rocks largely thermally metamorphosed to fine-grained assemblages of actinolite, epidote, and chlorite. Includes a number of Triassic gabbro sills and dikesGNB108H542INabesnaJIgneous!chieflygravelandsandthathvebeenactivelywatertranspoCVchieflygroundandlateralmorainesincludesdrumlinoidfeatVchieflygroundmoraineextensivelymodifiedbyalluvialandVchieflyground-moraineandfluvialdepositsonafewgentlyVchieflyhornblende-feldsparandfeldsparporphyrysomeofthVchieflyintercalatedgreenschistandblueschistbutincludesVchieflylightgrayfinetocoarse-grainedhypabyssalmuscoviVVchieflylightgrayfinetomedium-grainedhypabyssalbiotiteVVchieflypalagonitizedair-falllapillituffaccretionalylapVchieflypalogonitizedair-falllapillituffandashandaccrVchieflyrubbleanddiamictonVchieflysandgravelandbouldersmayincludesomediamictonmVchieflysiltclayfinesandpeatandotherorganicmaterialzVchieflytalusandslopedebristhathasnotbeenactivelywaTVchieflytalusbutalsoincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesMVZOqwsqwsr`bqwuqwvqwws mqygׂacqzaf4qzdf:qzof;qzuf5sscgbsgdshdshgbsqdsqmstippletatanXYȂtautbytbatbctbltbpatc$tcctdtddtdhtdqdtdrtfdtg vtgbtggtgt"th肇ti ti2ti3ti3ati3btiftktkctkd)tkg'(tkm*tkp&tks-tm؂tmu#tocʂ˂̂͂toltopWWWWWWWWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWLolderHolderalluvium@orcagroupinterbeddedsedimentaryandvolcanicrocks@3plugs@pyroclasticflow@.quartzofeldspathic@;river@rocks-capital@schistoflibertycreekofwinklerandothers1981@schistose@schistosehornblendegabbrometamorphiccomplexofgulkanar@$sedimentaryrocks@shallow@shield@Aslope@stationcreekformationvolcaniclasticmember@surficial@tto@BnorthaWWWMWXWsWWWW=WW Wnorth-vergingWWnortheastHWMWWCWNWnortheasternlW~WnortherlyPWnorthernSWWdWWUWgWWnorthernmost<WnorthwardWnorthwestnW,WnorthwesternSWnorthwestwardWWnotBWTWWWWW7WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWhWkWnotmappedhVkVtakW"WnowWWnsaW"WdWUWnuee2WFWWWnumberW~WWnumerousZW[W\W]WW^WaWWWWWWOWnunataksWnutzotinWWWWobliterate;WSWobscuring8WobservedWhWobsidianWobviouslyWoccasionalWWW@Woccasionaly:WoccupiedWoccurWWWWWWWWWWWW/W8W<WCWNWWWWoccuring WoccurrenceWWW‡‡ATovB'Orca Group -- Volcanic rocks, undividedCTertiary, Eocene and PaleoceneAThick and thin tabular bodies of altered tholeiitic basalt consist chiefly of variably pillowed, massive, or crudely columnar flows, but also include pillow breccia, aquagene tuff, and diabase or gabbro sills. Minor mudstone and siltstone that are interbedded with basalt are included locally. Commonly contains green, gray, or red chert in interstices between pillows, rarely includes interpillow clots of pink limestone or black mudstone.GBG002H140IBering GlacierJIgneousK1135‡ATovB&Orca Group: Volcanic rocks, undividedCEocene and PaleoceneA Thick and thin tabular bodies of altered tholeiitic basalt. Pillowed, massive or crudely columnar flows; pillow breccia, aquagene tuff, and diabase or gabbro sills. Local interbedding of mudstone and siltstone. Metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies. GCV003H333ICordovaJIgneousK1135ˆATovB5Ã`ÃpÃMÃNÃOÃPà QÃ0RÃ@SÃPÃ`TÃpUÃCÃDÃqÃrà Ã0Ã@-ÃPÃ`ÃpÃÃ!ÃÃ_Ã0Ä!"Ä"FÄ$Ä$! Ä(!*Ä1"/Ä1#0Ä2!6Ä2;WbWhWkWnWxW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW%W1W5WjporphyriticWWWWWWW#W6W7W8W:WUWVWWWXWZW[W]W^WfWhWsWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW)W@WHWWWWWWWWWW*WdWporphyriticbiotite-hornblendegranodioriteandquartzmonzoHVporphyritichornblendegranodioriteVporphyritictoeqyigranulargraniticintrusivesthatarepre)VporphyroblastsWWWWporphyry6WeWWWWWWW W%W&WYWWporpytically\WportCWNWpWqWportionWWportionoftectonicinclusion10by15kminmchughcomplexVVpossibility9WpossiblyWWBWWWWfWWpostWpost-metamorphicW^WpotassiumW(WXWpoulWWWWWnantlycolluviumbutincludesalargepercentageofaPVpredominantlyconglomerategritandcoarsesandstoneconglom-V@/+ti3aWti3bWtidalWW‡GMC003H216IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATsuBShield lavas, undifferentiatedCTertiaryDMapped only along the north margin of the inferred caldera. Chiefly south-dipping andesite lava flows, but includes a variety of flows and volcaniclastic rocks. Thickness probably more than 500 m. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek shield volcano; shield rocksGMC003H301IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATbpaBProphyritic andesite flowsCTertiaryAVery extensive and thick two-pyroxene andesite lava flows that exhibit well-defined vertical columnar jointing. Coarsely porphyritic containing plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene. Minor lithic clasts and association with andesitic agglutinates (Tba) suggest these lavas may have originated as agglutinates. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek shield volcano; border volcanic and volcaniclastic rocksGMC003H211IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATbaBAndesite agglutinatesCTertiary:‡‡ATpB#Wrangell Lava - Hornblende porphyryCTertiary, MioceneD9Small, complex, intrusive, dacite to andesite porphyries.F,K-Ar age from adjacent quad B-4 is 18.4 m.y.GNB108H536INabesnaJIgneousK1055‡ATpB$Younger plutons - Wrangellia TerraneCTertiaryDtChiefly hornblende-feldspar and feldspar porphyry. Some of the younger plutons may be related to Wrangell volcanismF'K-Ar dates indicate ages of 17-39 Ma. GNB007H718INabesnaJIgneousK1055‡ATpvB/Poul Creek Formation: Volcanic rocks, undividedCMiocene to EoceneDBasaltic pyroclastic and flow rocks; locally interbedded with marine sedimentary rocks. Probably related genetically to mafic dikes, sills and plugs unit (Tm).GCV003H320ICordovaJIgneousK1080‡ATpvB0Poul Creek Formation: Volcanic rocks, undividedCMiocene, Oligocene, and Eocenevolcanicavalanchedepositsofnadinavalley(Vvolcanicdebrisflow%VeVvolcanicdebrisflowsnVoVvolcanicrockspVVVvolcanicrocksundividedVvolcanicrocks-capitalvolcanoVVdVgVvolcanicrocks-drumvolcanoV&VGVIVJVvolcanicrocks-nathliemountaineruptivecenteroVVvolcanicrocks-sanfordvolcanoV*VHVKVearlysW*WWWWWW&WWW^WxWWearlymtwrangelllavastheflowsnorthofthechetaslinaglsVearth-debrishWiWGWWearthslideseWeasilySWeastWWWWWWjWkWlWmWyWKWaWcWeast-westWeasternWW WgWWeastward8WeightWelevationWWWWelevationsWeliasWW8WellamarWWelongateUWWW Welongateplutonsemplacedinvaldezgroupofmedium-grained VelsewhereWWWW;WtWuWvWW WSW~WembaymentsWWemitsWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWendlateralandgroundmoraineandkamesandoutwashproximaVVendlateralandgroundmoraineofthealaskanglaciationswhVendlateralandgroundmoraineofwisconsinandolderglaciaVVendogenousWWenrichedWenstatiteWWenvironments:WorAva003#‚΂mvva004va005;cU\]^_va006DEFGIJKLOPQRVWXYZ[bcefgjva0070@Omׂ邆"#'VWXefhs9‚삉va008CHMN`adya0025VgÂĂ"Lw|89:;hya0039s 56@0O@PW`Vp‚!X‚"‚#'g‚$Ă(ˆ/AA very thick sequence of marine siltstone, claystone, and sandstone in interbedded with lenticular and channelized deposits of sandstone and conglomerate. Contact with lower part of unit presumed to an unconformity. Deposition thought to occur on the fringes of a deep-sea fan. Thinly interbedded siltstone, claystone, and sandstone, which predominate, represent deposition in interchannel areas; whereas thick beds and lenses of sandstone and conglomerate represent distributary channels.GVA002H2011IValdezJ SedimentaryK2010 yjointedWjointing WWW8W9W;W?WiWxWWjointsW<WWjtgWjtk0WAgulfWWWWgulkanaWXWguyotWWWhackly8WWWhaleyW#Whansen WhardWWWWWWWWWWWWharzburgiticWpWqWWhaveW+WYWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW:WCWNWXWcWtWuWvWhavingrWWheadCWNWpWqWheadlandsWWheadstWuWvWhenceWWWheterogeneousWWhighZW[W]WnWWWWWNWOWiWjWWWWhigh-levelWhigh-silicaWWWhigher7W8WlWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWWtWuWvWhighest7WhighlyWW4W?WWW&WhillNW\WhillsWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humdomecomplexanandesite-dacitedome-flowcenternortMVho-humdomecomplexchieflynortherlytrendingdikesapparenPVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQV'1†NDUndifferentiated colluvium on valley walls and hill slopes. Chiefly rubble, gravel, sand, silt, and diamicton; typically poorly sorted.GNB004H406INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†OAQcBColluvium, undifferentiatedCHolocene and PleistoceneA Chiefly talus but includes deposits of small landslides, rock glaciers, and other mass-wasting processes. Generally includes a large proportion of alluvium in small fans and cones and reworked glacial deposits. Cheifly poorly sorted silt, sand, gravel, and boulders. GVA007H2IValdezJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†PAQcaB1Colluvial deposits - Colluvium and alluvium mixedCQuaternary, HoloceneD{Predominantly colluvium but includes a large percentage of alluvium from small streams. Mostly diamicton, gravel, and sandGGU101H105IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†QAQcuB!Colluvial deposits - River bluffsCQuaternary, Holocenes‰ AWeakly metamorphosed, diverse, thin bedded argillite, with less abundant lithic graywacke, conglomerate, shale, chert, schist, marble, and limestone (carbonates are unit Phl). The argillite and shale are shades of gray, yellowish brown, fine grained, silica rich rocks. The graywacke and conglomerate are both variegated, have calcite rich matrices and multicolored clasts. The formation has been cut by Triassic gabbro, the Chitina Valley batholith, and Tertiary hypabyssal rocks. It is beBlieved to be the remnants of a late Paleozoic island arc. Believed to correlate with Eagle Creek Formation in the Alaska RangemGMC100H122IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK5750 =knightWWWWWknikWknotty>WotsinaWkulthiethWWWWkvsfWkysWkyxWlabradoritewWlaccolithsdWlacustrineW5W6W{W|WWWWW#Wlacustrinedeposits{V|VVlagoonalWlagoonaldeposits--fine-grainsiltrichinorganicmaterialVlagoonszW}W~Wlahars6WCWrWWWWlake+WWWWWWWWWWWWWWlakeswWxWWlaminaeWlaminatedWWWWWWWlaminationsjWkWlWmWlamprophyreWlandslide W!W"W#W^WbWdWeWlandslidedeposits^VbVlandslidedepositsofalltypesincludingslumpsblockglideeVlandslidesW%WHWKWMWOWRWWW`WcWgWWWWWWlandslidesunsortedangularrockdebrisderivedbyfailureo`VlandwardWWlapilliWWWW0W2WWWWWNmountsanfordvolcanodikesundifferentiatedLVmountsanfordvolcanolow-silicadaciteflowsVmountsanfordvolcanooldervolcanicrockschieflyinterlayeVmountsanfordvolcanoyoungbasalticandesiteandesiteanddV#IofWWWWWWWWWWWWW†N1350†AQwmeB,Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - End morainesCQuaternary, PleistoceneDPrincipally complexes of end with some lateral moraines; includes some ground-moraine and ice-contact deposits. Chiefly diamicton, with some gravel, sand, and silty organic depositsGGU101H120IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQlmB&Glacial deposits of the late WisconsinCQuaternary, PleistoceneD9Old terminal, lateral, and ground moraines. Chiefly tillGNB108H513INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQmmB1Glacial deposits of the main Wisconsin GlaciationCQuaternary, PleistoceneDQChiefly ground and lateral moraines. Includes drumlinoid features. Chiefly tillGNB108H514INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQgBDrift of older glaciationsCQuaternary, PleistoceneKoSthintomedium-beddedmetamorphosedflyschinterlayeredmetagVthintothickflowschieflyofandesiteanddacitecompositi6Vthintothick-beddedconglomeratewithlocallyderivedpebblVthintothick-beddedfossiliferouslimestoneincludesgolden Vthinunit10-30mofsandandsilt-richlimestonethatappea VWthinner-beddedWthinningWWWWthirdWWWCWNWthisiWWWWWWWWWWCWNWpWqWtWuWvWWWWWWthisunitconsistsofmassivegreenstonemetamorphosedpillotVthisunitiscomposedofapproximatelyequalamountsofintepVtholeiiteWtholeiiticWWWWW=WsWWWWWWtholeiiticmetabasaltandbasalticmetatuffincludinglocalsVtholeiiticpillowbasaltpillowbrecciaandminoraquagenetVthoroughlyWthoseWthoughtHWW/W sills!W,WX‡kD/Shield and intracaldera lavas, chiefly andesiteGNB007H728INabesnaJIgneousK451N4510‡lAQTwB Wrangell LavaCQuaternary and Tertiary?DAt least 2,000 m of flows, tephra, and minor sedimentary rocks in northeastern Valdez quadrangle. Consists of mainly pyroxene andesite but ranges from basalt to dacite.FlDates as old as 10 Ma in adjacent Nabesna quadrangle, thought to be largely Quaternary in Valdez quadrangle.GVA002H455IValdezJIgneousK301N3012‡mAQTwB Wrangell LavaCQuaternary and Tertiary\†aAIncludes large slump and debris avalanche deposits. Particularly common along steep north flank of mountain escarpment south of Beaver Creek. Slump deposits consist chiefly of masses of volcanic rock as much as hundreds of meters wide; deposits are chiefly diamicton and rubbleGMC003H204IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK108N1080oc‰DIn higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGCV004H705ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090‰AQaoBOlder alluviumCHolocene and PleistoceneDIn higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGCV004H705ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090‰AQaoBOlder alluviumCHolocene and PleistoceneDIn higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGCV004H705ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090‰AQflBFine-grained depositsCHoloceneNmountainsmWWWWW8W=WWWWWWWgWWmountiansWmouth8WmovementcWgWWWmovementsRWmtWWWWWWW'W)WYWZWsWWmtdrumvolcanochieflyvarigatedcrudelystratifiedandpoo'Vmtdrumvolcanomediumtodarkgrayporphyriticolivine-bearVmtwrangellshieldandvalleyfilllavasundifferentiatedreVmtwrangellshieldlavamediumtodarkgraymoderatelytohiVmtns+W1WWWWmuchaWW+WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW1W>WfWW5W~WWWWWWW~WmudclayandpeatyVmud-richWWmudflowWWmudflows!WWWWWWWmudstoneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W.W3W7W=W@WWWWWWW‰!EODaonella; Abundant brachiopods, cephalopods, corals, foraminifera, and bryozoanGNB002H122INabesnaJ SedimentaryK5950‰"APzmBSkolai Group -- marble unitC5Late Paleozoic, Middle Pennsylvanian to Early PermianDSubordinate light- or medium-gray and buff calcareous rocks, mostly recrystallized to marble but containing scanty fragments of fossils, interbedded with dark-gray calcareous siltstone and shale. Change unit designator to ma, per Winkler (1998)EAScanty fragments of bryozoans, crinoids, corals, and brachiopods.GVA002H5955IValdezJ MetamorphicK5955‰#AMB'Haley Creek terrane -- schistose marbleCmid-Cretaceous?ASchistose marble. Individual marble layers can be traced for several km, however the layers vary greatly in thickness, terminate abruptly in places, and are generally thoroughly folded. Small isolated bodies of marble mark unmapped fault within the Haley Creek terrane.FRK-Ar ages on hornblende range from 122 to 148 Ma. A muscovite age is 133 +/- 4 Ma4<daciteWWW WWWW"W1W8W9W:W;W<W=W>WOWPWQWRWSWTWVWWWXWZW[W\W]WaWqWWWWWWWdaciteagglutinateVdaciteblockandashdepositVdacitedebrisapron"Vdacitedikes]VdacitedomeVdaciteflowdomeWVdaciteflowsofsniderpeak9VdaciteintrusionXVdaciteofcapesainteliasVdaciteplugsVVdaciteporphyrydomesVdacitepyroclasticflowVdaciticW=WaWiWdadinaWdadinaschistVWIWNWPWQWRWSWVWWW^W_WaWbWcWdWeWfWgWhWiWnWoWwWxWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W$W'W(W)W2W†S†TAQcuBColluvial, undifferentiatedC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDChiefly talus and slope debris that has not been actively water transported. Includes various minor unconsolidated features. Poorly sorted, silt to bouldersGNB108H509INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†UAQtBTalusC QuaternaryDOWidespread elongate lobes and coalescing aprons. Mainly angular rock fragmentsGMC100H102IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK107N1071†VAQtBTalus depositsCHoloceneDdLarger areas of poorly sorted, angular deposits forming cones and aprons at the base of steep slopesGYA002H15IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK107N1071†WAQuB Slope deposits, undifferentiatedC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDSand, gravel, boulders, diamicton, and rubble colluvium (talus and small landslides), but may also include small glacial, rock glacier, and alluvial depositsGBG004H301IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†XAtanBTalusCQuaternary, HoloceneDTalusGCV005H503ICordovaJUnconsolidatedRmountain@Nmountains@mud@mudstonetosandstonelocallyfossiliferoussubmarinegravit@+nadina@nearby@north@ynote@Boccurs@ofU #outwashrelatedtomainphaseofwisconsinglaciationsilts@gparticularly@phase@piles@plains@{plutons@porphyritic@|predominate@WxWcharacterpWqWcharacteristicWWWWWWWWcharacteristicallyWW~WWWWWW]W~WWcharacteristicsMWtWcharacterizedWWWWWW~W"ˆˆATgBGranite and granodioriteCTertiary? (Eocene?)DTwo small discordant stocks of biotite-hornblende granite and granodiorite. Unfoliated, fine- to medium-grained hypiomorphic granular rocks. Equal proportions granite and granodiorite.GVA002H1305IValdezJIgneousK1300ˆATgB5Granite, granodiorite, and diorite -- Chugach terraneCTertiary, EoceneDChiefly light gray, fine- to medium-grained, hypabyssal, biotite and biotite-muscovite granite, granodiorite, and diorite that occur in small- to medium-size stocks that chiefly intrude the Valdez Group of the Chugach terraneGBG002H130IBering GlacierJIgneousK1300ˆATgB>Tonalite and granodiorite -- Wrangellia and Alexander terranesCTertiary, Eocenev% icy7WqWWWWWWWWWWicybay7VqVVVVVVVVVVmccarthy$%,-4KLUabkpy͂ςЂ䂆傇mz҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႇょ䂇傇悇炇肇邇ꂇ낇삇킇 +-145:?OVgÂ͂ςւׂقڂۂ܂߂₈悈ꂈ $&'()0lmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~untsaintelias6VVVVVVVVVVVV V VV'VzV{VVVVVVVVVmountsaniteliasVmountsteliascVnabesna()./23<=>?CDEFMNT\]^dfilovwx~‚˂̂΂т҂ӂԂՂւ܂݂ႆ₆ゆ肆삆 yescarpmentaWeskerWWeskersWWespeciallyWWWWWWWOWestimatedWWeuhedraleWWWWeutaxiticWevaporate}WevaporitesWeventEWFWPWQWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWevidenceWexaminedUWWWWexceedwWexceeds8Wexcept#W~WexclusivelyWexhibitW8W9WMWWWWexhibitingWWWWW?WsWWWWWw‡DDark gray, slightly porphyritic basaltic andesite flows containing phenocrysts of olivine, and a trace of clinopyroxene in a groundmass consisting of plagioclase laths.GVA007H7IValdezJIgneousK455N4550‡AQclB@Lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and breccias, undifferentiatedC PleistoceneDLava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and breccias, undifferentiated. Chiefly a variety of dark brownish gray andesite lava flows.FDWhole rock K/Ar ages of 1580 ka and 980 ka from andesitic lava flowsGVA007H9IValdezJIgneousK455N4550‡AQwlfBFFlow and pyroclastic rocks from Mt. Wrangell - Dacite / andesite flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDcFlows of dacite and andesite (?). Rock is medium gray, locally vesicular, and contains phenocrystsGGU101H141IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3011‡AQslBLava flows from Mt. SanfordCQuaternary, PleistoceneD+Lava flows exposed beneath glacial depositsGGU101H144IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3014‡ AQbfB2Wrangell Lava - Basalt and basaltic andesite flowsb†\†]AQcbBBluff colluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDColluvium along the high steep bluffs of the Copper River and its principal tributaries. Includes numerous local exposures of Copper River deposits (unit Qcr) and drift of older glaciations (unit Qg). Unsorted silt, sand, gravel, and bouldersGNB007H715INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1072†^AQlBColluvial depositsCHoloceneDLandslide depositsGNB002H108INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK108N1080†_AQlsBLandslide depositsCHoloceneDdLarger deposits of unsorted, angular rock debris derived by massive failure of steep bedrock slopes.GBG002H120IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK108N1080†`AQlsB LandslidesCHoloceneDPLandslides-- Unsorted, angular rock debris derived by failure of bedrock slopes.GCV003H145ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK108N1080†aAQlBLandslide depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneW‡ DBroad, irregular-topped piles of massive columnar-jointed lavas. Rocks are chiefly dark-gray to black andesites and dacites containing small phenocrysts. Source local, probably in part extruded beneath ice coverGNB109H314INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡ AQgbfB4Wrangell Lava - Mt. Gordon Basalt and Andesite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneD{Thin flows with oxidized dark-red scoriaceous tops and bottoms. Fresh rocks are dark gray and contain abundant phenocrystsGNB109H316INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQpafB?Wrangell Lava - Porphyritic Andesite and Dacitic Andesite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDMedium, dark-gray to black vesicular flows chiefly of two-pyroxene andesite. Rocks contain abundant, large conspicuous phenocrysts. Source unknown, probably localGNB109H317INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQbfB2Wrangell Lava - Basalt and Basaltic Andesite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneaocomplexesWcomplexlyWWWWWWWdWW1W2WUWcomponentWcomposed W!W"W#W2WmWWWWWWpWqWWWW%WcompositemWWcompositionWWWW6WWWWWW%WjWkWlWmW,WcompositionallyWWW#WdWWWWWW)WUWYWjWzWcompositionallydiversequartzmonzodioriterangingfromgraYVjVzVWconchoidalWconcomitantWconcretionaryWWWWWWWWWWW8Wconcretionarypyriticandglauconiticreddish-weatheringarkVVVconcretionarypyriticglauconiticreddishweatheringdark-grVVconcretionarypyriticglauconiticreddish-weatheringdark-grVconcretionsWWWWWWWWW3W4W5W7WconditionsWWWconeWWWW2WFWvWWW~ˆGF0K-Ar dates indicate emplacement of 92 to 94 m.y.GNB002H161INabesnaJIgneousK2475ˆHAKmgB'Tok-Tetlin Pluton (Mineral Cairn phase)C CretaceousD[Porphyritic biotite-hornblende granodiorite and quartz monzonite with minor biotite dioriteF0K-Ar dates indicate emplacement of 92 to 94 m.y.GNB002H163INabesnaJIgneousK2475ˆIAKtgBTok-Tetlin Pluton (Tok phase)C CretaceousD7Fine- to medium-grained biotite-hornblende granodioriteF0K-Ar dates indicate emplacement of 92 to 94 m.y.GNB002H162INabesnaJIgneousK2475ˆJAKtmB&Tok-Tetlin Pluton, Mineral Cairn phaseC CretaceousDMineral Cairn phase. Chiefly granodiorite but gradational into diorite and quartz monzonite. Rocks are weakly to strongly foliated.FOK-Ar dates indicate an emplacement age of 92-94 m.y. (Richter and others, 1975)GNB004H420INabesnaJIgneousK2475ˆKAKttBTok-Tetlin Pluton,Tetlin phase.C Cretaceousa‡-K320N3200‡.AQabvB*Wrangell Lava - Andesite and basalt scoriaCQuaternary, PleistoceneDbRed to black cinder cones, less than 500 m in diameter. Usually identifiable from air photographsGNB108H515INabesnaJIgneousK320N3200‡/AQbcBCinder cones, flows, and tuffs CQuaternary, PleistoceneD,Chiefly olivine basalt and basaltic andesiteGGU003H315IGulkanaJIgneousK320N3200‡0AQbcB#Wrangell Lava - Basalt Cinder ConesCQuaternary, PleistoceneDBasalt and basaltic andesite cinder cones. Chiefly scoria, blocks, spindle bombs, and lapilli intermixed with spatter debris, agglutinates, and minor thin flows. Many cones still retain original formGNB109H310INabesnaJIgneousK320N3200‡1AQdacB"Wrangell Lava - Dacite Cinder ConeCQuaternary, PleistoceneDIChiefly dense glassy scoria. Rocks are dark gray and contain phenocrystsF5K-Ar on plagioclase indicates age of 1.34 +/- 0.20 myGNB109H312INabesnaJIgneousK320N3200‡2AQrc<leastWlWWWWWWWWWWWleft W!W"W#WlensesWwWWWWWWWWWWWW/W3W5W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW2W4W7W9W\WlensingWWlenticularWWWW/WtWuWvWWlentil Wless W!W"W#WW.WmWWWWWWWWjWkWlWmWWWWWWW WlessermWWWWWWWhWWW%WfWWleucocraticW!WEWZWaWWWleucocraticdikessillsandsmallstocksthatarenotobviouVleucodioriteWleucogabbroWWWgreenish-grayporphyriticcontainingpheXVlight-buffWlight-bufftolight-graydepositsoftuffandprobablyashfVlight-colored^WWWWWWWWWWlight-coloredcrystal-poorflow-bandedrhyoliterockcontainV"VˆD}Mostly biotite tonalite, but also some biotite-muscovite +/- garnet trondhjemite and granodiorite. Unfoliated plutonic rocksGCV006H508ICordovaJIgneousK1273ˆATi3aBTonaliteCTertiaryD7Mostly biotite tonalite, weakly foliated, syn-D plutonsGCV006H512ICordovaJ MetamorphicK1273ˆATmB Mafic plugsC Oligocene (?)AOnly includes mafic plugs in the eastern Cordova quadrangle west of Nichawak Mountain mainly in the Blying Sound quadrangle. Miller (1975) and Winkler and Plafker (1981) described the mafic plugs as coarse grained and diabasic with 45 percent euhedral plagioclase intergrown with 30 percent anhedral augite and enstatite. The remainder of the rock is composed of 5 percent opaque minerals and 20 percent secondary chlorite. GCV002H423ICordovaJIgneousK1285ˆATggBGranite and granodioriteCEocene ˆ/ˆ0AKmlB!Matanuska Formation -- lower partCJCretaceous -- late-early-Albian, Cenomanian, Turonian, and early ConiacianA6Marine siltstone, shale, sandstone, and pebbly sandstone are interbedded with subordinate silicieous, foraminiferal shale and fine-grained zeolitized sandstone. Contact with upper part of unit (unit Kmu) presumed to be an unconformity and is angular unconformity with the lower Talkeetna Formation (unit Jtk).6GVA002H2012IValdezJ SedimentaryK2010ˆ1AKlB"Lower Cretaceous sedimentary rocksCEarly CretaceousAdParts of the Matanuska-Wrangell terrane; locally subdivided into unnamed Neocomian rocks: sandstone, shale, and impure bioclastic limestone with Inoceramus; (Albian) Kennecott Formation: sandstone, siltstone, minor basal and intraformational conglomerate, and shale. Correlates to much in Matanuska geosyncline and Matanuska formation in Talkeetna Mtnsd-0intertonguesWWWintervalW‰‰AmcbBHMetamorphosed clinopyroxene basalt; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Paleozoic (?) or olderD"Metamorphosed clinopyroxene basaltGGU002H170IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5641‰AamB1Amphibolite; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Paleozoic (?) or olderD AmphiboliteGGU002H171IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5680‰APhBHasen Creek FormationC Early PermianD~Argillite, shale, sandstone, chert, limestone, and minor conglomerate. Locally thermally metamorphosed near Jurassic plutons.GMC002H20IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK5750‰APhBHasen Creek FormationCPermianDMarine argillite and minor sandstone and chert, locally fossiliferous. May include some volcaniclastic rocks. Abundant Triassic gabbro sills. Correlative with the Mankomen Group in Nabesna quadrangleGMC003H311IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK5750‰ APhB$Skolai Group - Hasen Creek FormationC7Early Permian, Guadalupian, Leonardian, and Wolfcampiandepositsofglaciallakesclaysiltsandandminorgravel@description@differences@differentiatedcalc-alkalinelavaflowsofandesitebasaltic@dioritegranodioriteandgabbronorite@Mposures@extensively@few@Pflowsq3flowsareequivalenttotheolivineandesiteflowsunitqfm@flowsofdaciteandandesiterockismediumgraylocallyves@form@gentle@glaciers@glides@|great@groundmoraineofmainphaseofwisconisinglaciationdiamic@ho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusion@hummockylobatemassesconsistingofdisarrayedangularand@inpondsswampslagoonsandalonglow-gradientstreamschief@includes@including@ is@djumbled@ large@Zlargerareasofpoorlysortedangulardepositsformingcones@lavaflowspyroclasticdepositsandbrecciasundifferentiate@lavender@WtokunWWWWWWtonWWWtonalite WWWWWWWWWWW W"WLWWWWWtonalitedioriteandleucodioriteofchitinavalleybatholitVtonaliticWled WtrenchesWWtrendWWtrendingPWtributariesZW[W]Wtrubid6WtuffWWWWW6WmWWWWWWtuffsWWWaWnWtumbleqWrWtwo)WUWhWtwodikesofthefiveobservedwereaccessibleandsampledbhVtwo-pyroxeneWWWW4W6W;WsWtwo-pyroxeneandesiteandminortwo-pyroxenedaciteflowsfl4Vtwo-thirdsWWWWtypeGWWWWtypesRWeWtypicallyNWWunconsolidated4WQWTWpW+W2Wunconsolidateddetrituschieflysiltsandandgravelthatge4Vunconsolidatedtopoorlyconsolidatedtotallyunsorteddiami+VunderWunderlainRWW_‡A&Structureless to locally stratified mudflows(?) containing clasts of angular volcanic rock as much as 10 m in diameter and minor rounded clasts of exotic plutonic rock. Unit appears to form basal unit in Sonya Creek caldera(?). Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; intracaldera(?) rocks&GMC003H305IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040belongingWWWWbelownWWbeltW<W=WyWbelts<WbenchespWbenchesandterracesthatsupportvegetationalongancestralpVbeneathW Wberg9W:WberingWW WWWWWWWbernardcWTW&ho-humdomecomplexhighsilicaandesiteanddaciteflowsOVho-humdomecomplexquartz-bearinghighsilicaandesiteflowNVhornblendeW WWWWWWWhornblendeandesiteflowstalkeetnaformationVhornblendegabbroandleucogabbroVhornblendequartz-dioriteVhornblende-biotiteWWWhornblende-biotitegranodioritepeninsularterraneVhornblende-biotitequartzdioritepeninsularterraneVhornblende-biotitequartzmonzonitepeninsularterraneVhornblende-rich^WWhornblende-richdiorite^VVhorneblende_Whorneblendediorite_Vhubbard6W7W8W9WWhyaloclastites!WrWhypabyssalWWWhypabyssalrocksVViceWicefieldjWin,W0W>W@WAWBWWWincludesSWinterbeddedWWWWWnWoWpWqWWintercalatedWintermediateWWWintracalderaWEWWintracalderalavasundifferentiatedVZqoafBqoagqoalqodXqogЂ҂ւ肆邆삆qpafqpf)fqr?qrb@qrc2qrd^qrdd_qrfAqrgQqs+56qsdqsdf 9qsfqsglqsh*qsiHLqslqsmqsoqspqsrKqsrdYqswHqsyqwmlqwo傆qygstippletanXYȂtgyellow&'ablationWactive-WWactivealluvium-Vactivecliff-headdunedepositsVageWWWWWalaskanWWWWWWWWWWWWWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWbyW W!W"W#W+WAWBWRW_W`WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW'WXW^WaWtWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW-W3W5W=WCWNWcWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW W)W,WKWOWTWYW^W_WjWzW~WbytowniteWcbWcacheW W W!WcairnJW>Wcalc-alkalinemWzWcalc-alkalinevolcanicprovinceincludingflowstephraandsmVcalc-schistWcalc-silicateWWW%Wcalcarenite6WcalcareousWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3W5W6W7WWWWWWWWW W"W4W<W=WAWWcalcereous!WWWWWWcarbonateWW&W=WWWWWWWchargedWcheiflyOW`WchemicallyWchertWWWW*W-W=WpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W6W8W\WxW{W}WWWWWWWchevrons7Wchiefly.W/W0W1W2W3W4W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WBWCWDWEWMWNWOWRWTW\WaWdWfWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWW'W(W/W0W1W2W3W6WEWMWPW\WcWkW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3WJW_W`WnWWWW1* marble-granodioriteWmarginWWWWWW=WWOWxWmarginalWWWvWmarginsDWWWCWNWmarineWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W0W3W4W5W6W7W9WXWeWWWWWW_WwWyW{W|W}WWWmarineandnon-marineandesiticandbasaltictufftuffbreccVmarineargilliteandminorsandstoneandchertlocallyfossiVmarineargillitesiltstonesandstoneandconglomerateargillV_VmarineassemblageofdarkargillitegraysiltstoneandgradeVmarineclasticrocksconsistingmostlyofsandstonesiltston7Vmarineclasticrocksconsistingofcalcareousconglomeratec6V)SJho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusionRVho-humdomecomplexdacitetephraVho-humdomecomplexhighsilicaandesiteanddaciteflowsOVho-humdomecomplexquartz-bearinghighsilicaandesiteflowNVho-humdomecomplexundifferentiateddomerockandflowsinSVholoceneqWrWsWtWuWvWHWIWWWWWholocrystallinewWhomogeneousfWhomogenousyWhomogenouspeliticschistandminoramphiboliteincludesspoyVhorn WhornblendeWW"W(W6W?WMWVWWWXW_WfWWWWWWWWWW#W(W)W-WFWKWPWQWSWXWZW[W\W_WdWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W+WUWhornblendeandesiteflowsV Whornblende-rich9W^WhornblenditeRWdWhornfelsWWWhornfelsedhWhostWXWhot)WhubbardWWWhummockyWjinpondsswampslagoonsandalonglow-gradientstreamschief}V~VJVVinactiveqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWHWIWKWWWWWincipientlyWincludeW1WHWWW\WeWmWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWmWtWWWWWWWWW7W<WWWWWHWIWQW\WWWWWWincludedWW&0Fbasaltandbasalticandesitecinderconeschieflyscoriablo0VbasaltandesiteanddacitelavaundifferentiatedVbasaltdikesandsillspossiblyrelatedtowrangelllavasBVbasaltflowsbrecciaandtuffregionallymetamorphosedgreen[Vbasalt--pillowedWbasalticWWWWWWW/W0W3WnWrWzW{W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW@WAWsWWWWWiWsWtWuWWbasalticandesiteandesiteanddacitelavaflowsandesiticlsVtVuVlasticandflowrockslocallyinterbeddedwithVbasaltsWWW&WbaseVWW<W>WzWWWWWW4W8WWW W WbasedWWWbasement+WbasinLWWWWWWNWOWbasinbluffcolluviumLVbasisWWWWWbatholithWWWWWWWWWWW WbatholithicWWbeachWWW/toWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWWWWWW W(W+W.W2W4W6W7W9W:W;W<W?WBWPWVWXWYWZW[W\W]W_WaWfWiWlWmWsWtWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W W WWWWWWWWWWWWWW W!W"W#W%W&W)W+W,W-W/W0W1W4W8W=W>W?W@WCWGWIWJWKWLWNWWWXW_WaWdWeWgWhWiWjWkWlW9ˆˆATrmlBMassive limestoneC Late TriassicA.Massive fine-grained limestone. Locally abundant lenses of chert and irregular patchwork of siliceous material. Chiefly micrite and microsparite, locally dolomitized. Contact metamorphism with quartz diorite produced a garnet-rich calc-silicate skarn locally containing disseminated sulfide minerals.E+Age based on fossil evidence in Nabesna C-5GNB108H541INabesnaJ SedimentaryK4029ˆATrlB Chitistone and Nizina LimestonesC"Late Triassic (Karnian and Norian)ALight- to medium-gray limestone of diverse textural varieties and include minor dolomite lower in the sequence and nodules and lenses of dark-gray chert high in the sequence. Lower thicker-bedded sequence is Chitistone Limestone, upper, thinner-bedded sequence is Nizina Limestone.GVA002H4030IValdezJ SedimentaryK4030ˆATrcnB!Chritistone and Nizina LimestonesC Late Triassic+ ABCDEFGHI J K L M N  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~‚ÂĂłƂǂȂɂʂ˂̂͂΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႆ₆ゆ䂆傆悆炆肆邆ꂆ낆삆킆  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR79glacialWWWWWWWWWWWWWW'WglacialdepositsVVVglacialdepositsofthealaskanglaciationVglacialdepositsofthelatewisconsinVglacialdepositsofthemainwisconsinglaciationVglacialdepositsundividedVglacialfluvioglacialandboulderdepositsVglaciationWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWaWcWWSNhummockylobatemassesconsistingofdisarrayedangularandVhundredW%WhundredsaWhveCWhyaloclastite*hyaloclastites!WrWhydrothermally#WWdWhypabyssalWWWWWW&W5WWWWWWW W5WWhypersthene WtWwWxWWhypersthene-hornblenWhypidiomorphicW W W WWWWW"WLWOWWhypidiomorphic-granu WWWKWWWWhypiodiomorphic-granWhypiomorphicWWibWiceWWWWWWWWW WWWWWQWice-contactWWWice-covered Wice-flow@Wice-raftedWicefieldsWjWicyWWWidenticalWWidentifiable.WillinoianWWimbricated4WpWWWWWWWWWWW"W+W.W2W6WSWVWWWXW_WeWfWiWlWmWuWwWxWWWWWWWWWWWˆˆAKJsBMarine sedimentary rocksCCretaceous and JurassicDThin- to medium-bedded argillite and graywacke. Graywacke is typically graded and rhythmically bedded. Metamorphosed to hornfels near Klein Creek pluton. Part of the informal Nutzotin Mountains sequenceGMC003H325IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK2820ˆAKJsBMarine sedimentary rocksC"Early Cretaceous and Late JurassicDGraded sedimentary rocks and conglomerate. Argillite grading to stiltstone to graywacke with interbedded massive, fine- to coarse-grained graywacke, and pebble and boulder conglomerate. Locally known as the Nutzotin Mountains Sequence.GNB004H412INabesnaJ SedimentaryK2820ˆAJaB ArgilliteC Late JurassicDDark shaly argillite in poorly defined beds with abundant thin beds and lenses of dense dark-gray iron-carbonate-bearing mudstone and siltstone. Minor interbeds of gray calcareous siltstone and sandstone.GNB004H413INabesnaJ SedimentaryK2820ˆAKJsBNutzotin Mountain Sequence |jurassicandtriassicVVVVjurassicorcretaceousVVVjurassictriassicpermianearlypennsylvanianandlatemissiVkarnianWWWWWWW\WkimmeridgianWladinianWWlateWWWWWW,W.W/W=W>WCWNWeWfWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W1WVWWWYW\W]WjWwWxWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWpVqVrVsVtVuVvVwVxVyVzV|V}V~VVVVVVVVVVs alaskana3WdescriptionXWdesignatedWdesignator"WdetailWWWdetritus4WpWW8WWdevelopedQWWWjWkWlWmWWWdevelopmentWWdevitrifiedWWWWdevonianWWdiabaseWWW#WWWdiabasicWWdiagnosticW_WdiameterW+W.WWWWWWW5WdiamictionWWWWWdiamictiteWWWWdiamictonNWPWQWRWWWaWfWhWiWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+WEWGWOWRWaWbWcWWWWdiamictonlocalgravelandsandinendlateralandgroundmoVdiamictonofactiverockglaciersVdiatomsWWWdifferpWqW STUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~‚ÂĂłƂǂȂɂʂ˂̂͂΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႇ₇ょ䂇傇悇炇肇邇ꂇ낇삇킇  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\ ÃD`45678ÃDp9:;<=>?@ÃDAÃFBÃF`CDEpÃQ FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUYZ[\]^_`abcÃQ0dutˆK4420ˆATrngBNikolai GreenstoneCBLate Middle Triassic and Early Late Triassic, Karnian and LadinianAA voluminous undifferentiated tholeiitic basalt that attains a composite thickness of 3000 m. Unit is composed of very fine to fine grained flows which contain abundant amygdules and is partially porphyritic. It has been intruded by the Chitina Valley batholith, Tertiary hypabyssal rocks, small gabbro feeder dikes, and veinlets of quartz and calcite. Parts near the batholith have been thermally metamorphosed and contain hornblende. It is believed to be part of an extensive upper mantleB/ lava field produced during tensional tectonicsGMC100H121IMcCarthyJIgneousK4420ˆAGGB#Gabbroic phaciods in McHugh ComplexCJurassic and Late Triassic(?)DUStrongly altered gabbroic phacoids that are tectonic inclusions in the McHugh ComplexGVA004H4890IValdezJ MetamorphicK4890ˆAdsB Dadina schistCLate Paleozoic (?) or olderc†"APredominantly alluvium deposited by nonglacial streams and outwash deposited by glacial meltwater. Consists of sand and gravel; terminal, lateral, and ground moraine composed of unsorted deposits of boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand left by the retreat of alpine, valley, and regional glaciers; and talus and landslide deposits from adjacent bedrock. Also includes less extensive deposits consisting mostly of sand that may be locally abundant and form such features as beaches, spits, offsB_hore bars in coastal areas, and dunes on the Copper River delta. Surficial deposits, undividedMGCV002H100ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK100N1000hFZtertiaryearlyeoceneandlatepaleoceneVtertiaryeoceneVVVVVVVVtertiaryeoceneandlatepaleoceneVVVtertiaryeoceneandpaleoceneVVVtertiarymioceneyVVtertiarymioceneandoligoceneVVtertiaryoligoceneandearlyeoceneVVVtertiaryorcretaceous%V&V(V*VtertiaryormiddlecretaceousbVthithonianWWtoWWWWWW/W=W>WWWW"W5WtriassicWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW\W]WxW{W|W}W~WWWturonian0WupperWWupperand/ormiddletriassicVwolfcampian W WyoungermW‡DlMassive, clast-supported, well-rounded pebble, cobble, and boulder conglomerate. Variable clast composition.GCV003H270ICordovaJ SedimentaryK952‡ATocBOrca Group: ConglomerateCEocene (?) and PaleoceneARanges from matrix-supported pebbly mudstone and sandstone to massive clast-supported pebble, cobble, and boulder conglomerate. The generally well-rounded clasts consist of various lithologies that have locally predominant types as follows: greenstone, sandstone, argillite, and limestone; felsic porphyry and tuff, granite, and sandstone; felsic tuff and porphyry; white quartz, felsic porphyry, and argillite; sandstone and siltstone. The conglomerates usually occur as lenses 300-700 ft tBhick within flyschoid rocks. The matrix-supported conglomerates and pebbly mudstones may have been formed by sub-marine landslides on unstable slopes.E;Crab: Branchioplax washingtoniana Pelecypod: Acila decisaGCV002H270ICordovaJ SedimentaryK952‡AToc ‡XAYLight olive-gray to greenish-gray porphyritic, containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, hornblende, and biotite in a cryptocrystalline groundmass locally flooded by calcite. Description from principal exposure to the north in the Gulkana A-1 quadrangle where unit intrudes older andesite flows of the Chetaslina lavas (Richter and others, 1994). YFK-Ar age of 1.35 MaGVA007H10IValdezJIgneousK465N4650‡X‡YAQsrdBRhyodacite dome of Snider PeakCQuaternary, PleistoceneDRemnant core of rhyodacite dome representing one of the latest stages of eruptive activity of Mt. Drum volcano. Rocks are light gray to light buff gray, have a sugary texture, and are locally vesicularGGU101H127IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4011‡ZAQlddB&Late dacite domes and associated flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDSix distinctive hornblende-biotite dacite domes and associated short massive flows mark climax of second cycle of eruptive activity of Mt. Drum volcano. Dacites are light to medium gray and conspicuously porphyritic with abundant phenocrystsGGU101H129IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4011‡[AQeddB'Early dacite domes and associated flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDThree hornblende-dacite domes. Rocks of domes 1 and 2 are light to dark gray and porphyritic with abundant phenocrysts. Dome-3 rocks are generally coarser grained with common to abundant biotite.GGU101H130IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4011‡\AQuiV†XK107N1071†YAtanBTalusCQuaternary, HoloceneDTalusGCV006H503ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK107N1071†ZAQcbBBluff colluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDColluvium along the high steep bluffs of the Copper River and its principal tributaries. Includes numerous local exposures of Copper River deposits (unit Qcr) and drift of older glaciations (unit Qg). Unsorted silt, sand, gravel, and bouldersGGU003H305IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK107N1072†[AQcbBBluff colluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDColluvium along the high steep bluffs of the Copper River and its principal tributaries. Includes numerous local exposures of Copper River deposits (unit Qcr) and drift of older glaciations (unit Qg). Unsorted silt, sand, gravel, and bouldersGGU004H402IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK107N1072†\AQcuBColluvium undifferentiatedCQuaternary, Holocene g†GGU002H115IGulkanaJIgneousK455N4550†AQwcB(Wrangell Volcano -- East Crater depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDNWrangell Volcano -- East Crater deposits. Altered flows, breccias, and tuffs.GNB008H808INabesnaJIgneousK301N3011†AQwaB;Wrangell Volcano -- Two-pyroxene high-silica andesite flowsC PleistoceneDWrangell Volcano, two-pyroxene high-silica andesite flows. Medium- to dark-gray, thin to thick (5-30 m) lava flows that generally exhibit oxidized and slightly scoriaceous tops and bottoms.GNB008H809INabesnaJIgneousK301N3011†AQwbfB3Wrangell Volcano -- Olivine basalt flow and brecciaC PleistoceneD2Wrangell Volcano, olivine basalt flow and breccia.GNB008H810INabesnaJIgneousK301N3011†AQwbcBWrangell Volcano -- Cinder coneC PleistoceneD^Wrangell Volcano, cinder cone. All rocks probably of basalt or basaltic andesite composition.GNB008H811INabesnaJIgneousK301N3011†AQsdB0Mount Sanford volcano -- Low-silica dacite flowsC Pleistocene$>fine-toWWbWWfinelyWfinely-laminatedWfiner1WWfiner-grainedWWWWW~WW_WfiordWWfissileWWfivehWflankaWWflanksSWflat-lyingWpWqWflat-lyingandesiteanddacitelavaflowsatertiarytilliteqVflatsLWMWWWWflattenedWflood(W,W.W/W0W1W2W3W<WnWpWCWDWWfloodedXWfloorWflowWWWWWWWW W#W$W%W)W<W>WAWCWKWNW`WbWiW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&W_WdWeWfWnWoW~WWWWflowsSWeWhWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWW!W,W0W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W?WCWDWMWOWSWTWXWZWaWiWjWlWmWnWoW(`†@DMainly large, broad, generally active fans and cones on mountain slopes chiefly along major streams. Chiefly sand, gravel, and boulders.GVA007H1IValdezJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†AAQafB*Young alluvial deposits - Alluvium in fansCQuaternary, HoloceneDAlluvium in fans deposited by active, steep-gradient streams. Mostly pebble and cobble gravel, and sand; locally silt and boulder gravel. Includes some glacial outwash from young phase of Alaskan GlaciationGGU101H102IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†BAQoafB(Old alluvial deposits - Alluvium in fansCQuaternary, HoloceneArAlluvium in fans and cones that are not graded to present-day stream levels. Chiefly cobble to pebble gravel, and sand; locally silt, boulder gravel, and organic deposits. Commonly overlain by veneer of younger alluvial and colluvial deposits. Includes glacial outwash, mostly from older phases of Alaskan Glaciation. Three sequences of deposition recognized locallyrGGU101H104IGulkana'activityZWaddicottWW^williamWwolfcampian WwoodW,W-W3W@WyieldgWzones4Wbg002+HI_BÂ8=>bhnx~΂؂邉%15bg003!Ƃkbg0048Wrzǂނɂ}Ăcv002 "łǂȂ̂͂CNjlpqtucv003J`Ă˂#iosycv004cv005&X{Ȃcv006'Y|ɂgu002*Gj &*,GHIJKdgopςЂ2UȂɂႈ肈+gu003:Zht}ʂ $%)/`.łigu004;[u#separatelyWsepta?Wsequence W|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W7WiWWWWWWWWWWWWXWZW\WWsequenceofinterlayeredflowsandlaharschieflyandesitecVsequencesBWnWWWWWWWWjWkWlWmWWWseriatesW W WWWW"WLWsericiteWsericitized WserpentiniteCWMWNWserpentiniteserpentinizedperiodotiteanddunitewithsuborMVserpentinized*WCWMWNWWWWWserpentinizedalpine-typeintenslyshearedultramaficrockiVserpentinizedperidotiteandduniteoccuratthreelocalitieNVWWsevereWshades(WWWWshalemWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W0W1W4W5W8WpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgwˆDOLayered gabbro and cumulate ultramafic rocks in Fairweather Range -- not on mapGMS002H98IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1207ˆATdqdBQuartz dioriteCTertiaryDMedium-grained, subhedral granular quartz diorite containing plagioclase, quartz orthoclase, chinopyroxene, and minor hornblende and biotite. Locally highly altered. Probably mostly subvolcanic and a variant of the diorite intrusive unit (Tdd)GMC003H213IMcCarthyJIgneousK1055ˆATddBDioriteCTertiaryDMedium-grained, subhedral granular diorite consisting of subhedral plagioclase, clinopyroxene generally altered to actinolite, and locally minor hornblende and biotiteGMC003H322IMcCarthyJIgneousK1055ˆ ATpBPorphyryCTertiaryD9Light-gray to gray hornblende-plagioclase dacite porphyryGNB109H336INabesnaJIgneousK1234ˆ ATgB GranodioriteCTertiaryDNonfoliate, fine- to medium-grained hypidiomorphic granular rocks of granodiorite, and subordinate granite, and local dioritic or gabbroic border zonesisteep>WRWSWVWZW[W]W_WaWWFWWsteep-gradientAWstellerWWstilbiteWstill0WstillwaterWWWWWstilpnomelaneWstiltstoneWstocksWWWWWWWW_WWWWstockworkWstoksbWstormWWstrataWWWWWWWWWW6W7WWWW W_WstratalWWstratified+W,W.W0W2W3W>WWWWW'W(WWCWDWstratovolcanomWstratovolcanoesWstreakedxWstreaksWstreaky~WWstreamBWstreambed9W:W;W=WstreambedsWstreamsW W!W"W#W(W+W,W-W.W/W0W1W2W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W@WAWPW\WkWlWnWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWzW}W~WWWWCWDWHWIWJWWWWWWWWWWWWWWYW^WjWzW chieflyWWWWWW,W5W=WCWDWEWHWIWJWQW`WbWmWrW}WWWWWWWaup-WupperWWupperpaleontologicalevidenceindicatesanagespanfromheVwashingtonianaWWWwaterWWWwell,W:Wwere3WwestWwilliamWwoodW,W-W3W@WyieldgWzones4Wbg002+HI_BÂ8=>bhnx~bg003!Ƃkbg0048Wrzǂނɂ}cv002 "łǂȂ̂͂CNjlpqtucv003J`Ă˂#iosycv005&X{Ȃcv006'Y|ɂgu002*Gj &*,GHIJKdgopςЂ2UȂgu003:Zht}ʂ $%)/`.gu004;[uX†/GNB004H401INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†0AQaBAlluvium in streamsCHolocene and PleistoceneDIncludes alluvium in active flood plains and in principal terraces of major and some minor streams. Chiefly stratified silt, sand, gravel, and boulders.GVA007H22IValdezJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†1AQalB"Young alluvial deposits - AlluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDAlluvium underlying active flood plains and low terraces of major and some minor streams. Chiefly pebble to cobble gravel, and sand. Some small deposits are finer grained and include silt, sand, and gravelGGU101H101IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†2AQalB/Alluvium, Modern coarse-grained stream alluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDwActive flood plains and lower terraces of larger streams. Chiefly gravel and sand, some boulders; generally stratifiedGNB108H503INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†3AQalfB-Alluvium, Modern fine-grained stream alluviumCQuaternary, Holocene GdaciticWWiWnWWdadinaWWaWcWWW WWWW1W4W6W7W:W;WUW[W]WaWhWzW{WWWWWWWWWWWW4W5W8WCWNWcWhWWWWWWWWWWdarkaphaniticlavaflowsandinterlayeredlapillituffsthaVdarkbasalttoandesitelavaflowsandminorinterlayeredmuVdarkgenerallyaphaniticdenseandesiteandbasaltrockmassVdarkgrayslightlyporphyriticbasalticandesiteflowscontaVdarkgreenish-graytoverydarkgrayshalelocallyconcretio8VdarkshalyargilliteinpoorlydefinedbedswithabundantthVdarkvolcanicbrecciasandagglomeratesallgenerallyweldedVdark-brownWWWWWdark-colored^WaWdark-grayW WWWW>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWVz{hˆB&Orca Group: Volcanic rocks, undividedCEocene (?) and PaleoceneDMostly tabular or lenticular bodies of mafic volcanic rocks altered to greenstone and not examined in detail. As mapped, may include pillowed or massive flows, broken pillow breccia, tuff, and dikes.GCV002H333ICordovaJIgneousK1135ˆATopBOrca Group: Pillow basaltCEocene (?) and PaleoceneAORCA GROUP: Pillow breccia and massive flows are subordinate in quantity to pillow basalt. Minor intercalated sedimentary rocks are predominantly siliceous mudstone and argillite. Interpillow material consists of silicious mudstone, sandstone, or carbonate rocks. Pillow basalts are porphyritic and have phenocrysts of plagioclase and clinopyroxene; olivine is present but not abundant. Altered brown-colored volcanic glass makes up much of the matrix especially in the outer parts of pill&YdominateW_WdominationsWdominatlyWWWWdominentWWdominentlyWdominentlyslightlyporphyritictholeiiticbasaltsequencebVdoublyWWWW:Wdown WdownslopeRWcWgWdpWWdrab-brown|Wdrak-grayWWdriftZW[W]WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW'WFWPWlW3.plugsUWVW\WWWWWWWWWpluton!WEWFWGWHWIWJWKWOWPWQWRWSWTWUWVWZW[W\W]WWWWplutonic#WDWWvWplutonsWporphyriticWporphyryWWWW &WYWpoulWWWWWWWWWpoulcreekformationVVpoulcreekformationsedimentaryrocksundividedVVpoulcreekformationvolcanicrocksundividedVVVpredominantly+Wpredominantlyuppercretaceoussedimentaryrocks+VprophyriticWprophyriticandesiteflowsVpumiceWpyroclasticWWWWW)WWWfWˆˆAKvsmBGValdez Group -- Undifferentiated metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocksCLate CretaceousDLargely interbedded mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks that were mainly volcaniclastic and metaclastic. Metasedimentary sequence locally includes metachert and thin lenses of marble.GMS002H81IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKsmB@Valdez Group -- Pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneissCLate CretaceousDReddish weathering, varibly banded, strongly schistose to granoblastic pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneiss. Typically a garnetiferous graphitic schist. Sedimentary clastic protolith.GMS002H79IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKvsm?BPSchist of Mount Augusta -- Interbedded quartzofeldspathic schist and amphiboliteC Cretaceous(?)D`Reddish weathering doubly foliated quartzofeldspathic schist interbedded with amphibolite schistGMS002H73IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKsm?ˆˆAdBTonaliteCJurassicDLarge bodies of foliate, fine- to medium-grained hornblende biotite tonalite associated with meta-greenstones. Interpreted as allochthonous blocks in the melange.F#K-Ar ages ranging from 146-178 m.y.GYA002H51IYakutatJIgneousK2954ˆAKybB'Metamorphic rocks of the Brabazon RangeC Cretaceous(?)AMainly amphibolite facies rocks more than 1,000 -m-thick. Grades over narrow interval into zeolite- and prehnite-pumpellyite-grade rocks of the Yakutat Group. Protolith mainly graywacke-carbonaceous pelite sequence recrystallized to quartzofeldspathic schist.GYA002H59IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2980ˆAKymB!Schist of Nunatak Fiord -- schistC Creatceous(?)DNTypically fine- to medium-grained, semigranoblastic quartzofeldspathic schist.GMS002H61IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2981ˆAKymB!Schist of Nunatak Fiord -- schistC Creatceous(?)DNTypically fine- to medium-grained, semigranoblastic quartzofeldspathic schist.GYA002H61IYakutatQ‡2B>Wrangell Lava - Rhyolite Cinder Cone and Nuee Ardente DepositsCQuaternary, PleistoceneACinder cone consists chiefly of unconsolidated rubble of dense glassy blocks, pumiceous scoria, and lapilli. Nuee andente deposits composed largely of bread-crust blocks in a matrix of unconsolidated ash and lapilli. Rocks are buff to light gray and contain rare small phenocrystsGNB109H319INabesnaJIgneousK320N3200‡3AQbcBCinder cones, flows, and tuffs CQuaternary, PleistoceneD,Chiefly olivine basalt and basaltic andesiteGNB007H720INabesnaJIgneousK320N3200‡4AQzafB8Second-cycle cone-building flows - Two-pyroxene andesiteCQuaternary, PleistoceneDTwo-pyroxene andesite and minor two-pyroxene dacite flows. Flows are from 1 to 20 m thick, with scoriaceous tops and bottoms, and are locally highly vesicular. Rocks are dark gray to meduim brownish gray. They contain small phenocrystsGGU101H131IGulkanaJIgneousK335N3350‡5AQzufbagenotgivenVVVVVVVVValbian4WandW)W0W@WFWKWMWOWSWTWWWaWeWfWhWiWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWWWWWWWWWWWWW W+WiWjWkWlWmWnWpWtWuWvWwWxWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW#W'W)W-W0W5W:W<WgWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWnqtheW W!W"W#WHWVWZW[W]WoWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W$W%W)W8W9WMWXWYWaWhWiWjWmWsWtWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W&W*W+W/W0W1W3W4W5W7W8W:W<W=W>WCWEWFWNWOWbWcWdWfWhWjWkWlWmWpWqWrWtWuWvWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW~wrangelljWWWWWWWWBWmWsWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWOWgWvWWWwrangellvolcanocinderconeallrocksprobablyofbasaltorVwrangellvolcanoeastcraterdepositsalteredflowsbrecciasVwrangellvolcanoolivinebasaltflowandbrecciaVOdepositsinhigherterracesalongmajorstreamsandinolddlVdepositsofactiverockglaciersexhibitingwell-definedlobV|ZglaciersW W!W"W#W%WKWMWOWRWnWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWtWuWvWWEWRW`WWglacio-fluvial&W'Wglacio-fluvialdeposits&V'VglaciofluvialWWWglaciolacustrine%WWWWWWOWbWglaciolacustrinedepositsonfloorandslopingshoreareasoVglaciomarineWWWWglaciomarinetillandtillassociatedwithaneoglacialadvaVglassWWWglassyWW1W2W8W<W=W>WAWiWuWxWWWWWWWglassydensedacitedomeexhibitingwell-developedcolumnarVglauconiteWWWglauconiticWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWAWBWHWKWOWQW\WeWkWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWzW}W~WWWWWWtWuWvW*H1markZWW#WmarkedWWWWmarkedlyW%WmarkerWmarkings4WmarksWWWWmaroonWmarshesWWmartinWWWWmasksWmassHWmass-flow$W%WeWnWoWmass-wastageRWmass-wastingKWMWOW\WEW`WmassesaWWW?WWXWWWWWmassive_WeW WWW6W9W:W;W=W>W?W@WAWZWjWwW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW-W;W>WAWCWNWhWrWsWtWuWvWwWzWWWWWWWWWWWWW-W1W2W5W:W;W?W@WBWSW^W|WaA AzHHzA@HP LJ5M (lj5m1)@w@yXX @MSUD7HP LaserJet 5M%d A{dDvezoic@MSUD7HP LaserJet 5M%d A{dD(Andesite-dacite domes (?) and breccias Light gray domes ranging from andesite containing plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine to porphyritic dacite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and hornblende in a cryptocrystalline groundmass."great Wgreatly#Wgreen(WiWWWWWWcWWWWWWWWW6W8W;WTWgreenamygdaloidalbasaltflowsseparatedbylocallythinvoVgreen-grayWgreen-graytobrown-graypebble-to-boulderconglomeratecongVgreen-gray-brown:Wgreenish6W4W5WWWW;Wgreenish-blackwWzWWgreenish-grayXWWWWWWWWWW7W8WW(W)Wgreenschist$W;W>WcWeWfWhWiWnWpWqWrWtWuWvW}WWWWWWWWWW%W(W)W+W.W/W4W:W<W?WAWSWTW[W^WWWWWgrit-W3W@WWgrooveWWWWground W!W"W#WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgroundmorainechieflydiamictonVrdistalWdistance WWWWdistantWWdistiguishingtWdistinct+WdistinctiveZWdistinguishedWWcWtWuWvWTWdistributary/WdistributedWWWWW W WW5WOWditributed WdiversemWWWWWW W WW*W<W?WdWWWWWWWWW WWUWYW\W^W_WjWzWdiverseupperpaleozoicvolcanicvolcaniclasticandmarinesVW W9WAWGWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWYW_W`WbWWWWWWWWWWdome-3[Wdome-flowMWdomelike?WdomesWIWJWZW[W]W^W_WfWnWWWWWWWWdominaeWdominancecWdominantWWWWWdWWWdominantlyWW W WW4W>WAWnW}WWWWWWWdominantlyfinetomedium-grainedequigranulartoseriatehy V VVYyounger@@eage@bagenotgiven@andand/or@barremian@cenomanian@cretaceouslate-early-albiancenomanianturonianandearlyc@earlycretaceousandlatejurassicberriasianthithonianand@kequaternaryholocene@?quaternarypleistocene@htertiaryearlyeoceneandlatepaleocene@F3@ asequenceofthintothick-beddedsandstonesiltstoneandm@atransgressivemarinesequenceconsistspredominantlyofco@accretionaly@activityZadjacent@all@alluviuminfansandconesthatarenotgradedtopresent-da@Jalluviumonactivefloodplainsandonlowestterracesofma@'alpine@ancestral@4andanddacite@Nandesite@andesiteanddaciteflowsdacitedomesandinterbeddedbrecc@angular@area@areas@pargillite@g@rracesalongmajorstreamsandinoldd@‡_DDissected hornblende rhyodacite dome probably related in age to rhyolite domes (Qrd). Rock is light gray with small phenocrystsGGU101H138IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4010‡`AQwsrBSanford volcano - DomeCQuaternary, PleistoceneDRhyolite dome and flowGGU003H338IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4012‡aAQjdB1Wrangell Lava - Dacitic Andesite and Dacite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDFlows with minor interbedded tuffs and breccias representing the main cone-building stage of Jarvis volcanoes. Rocks are dark gray to pinkish gray. Cut by numerous dark-colored andesite dikesF:K-Ar date on plagioclase indicates age of 1.63 +/- 0.42 myGNB109H329INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡bAQwsrBSanford volcano - DomeCQuaternary, PleistoceneDRhyolite dome and flowGNB007H727INabesnaJIgneousK401N4012‡cAQwjdBJarvis volcanoes - Dome CQuaternary, PleistoceneDChiefly daciteGNB007H729INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡dAQcrBVolcanic rocks-Capital VolcanoC PleistoceneDRhyolite dikes and laccolithsx-processesKWMWOWWEW`WWWWproductsKWWprogenitorsWproglacialWprominentWWWprominenteskerschieflygravelandsomesandVprominentverypalegraydaciteplugcomplexthatformscapeVpronoucedWpronouncedWW8W;WiWWprophyyriticWproportionOWWproportionsWWWoWpropyliticTWpropylitizedBWprotolith|WWWWWprovided WprovincemWproximalWWWpryoclasticWpsammiticWptarmiganWW WpumiceWW'W(WWWpumiceous2WWpyriteWWWWWWpyriticWWWWWWpyroclasitcWpyroclasticWWWW#W)WtW~WWWWWWWWpyroxeneUWlWWWpyroxeniteWWpyrrhotiteWpzmWpzsWqbcWWqbtWqcrZW[W]WWqcu?WEWqdaaWqdac<Wqdd3Ws‡\B:Undifferentiated plugs and small intrusive bodies - DaciteCQuaternary, PleistoceneD|Chiefly light to medium gray dacite rocks with phenocrysts. One intrusive rhyodacite is light gray and contains phenocrystsGGU101H135IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4010‡]AQddB Dacite dikesCQuaternary, PleistoceneDGenerally associated with rhyolite and rhyodacite domes. All dikes sampled are medium to dark gray and sparsely porphyritic with small phenocrystsGGU101H136IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4010‡^AQrdBRhyolite domesCQuaternary, PleistoceneDFour conspicuously light-colored rhyolite domes that are deeply dissected by erosion and expose light-colored cores cut by numerous dark-colored dacite dikes. Rocks are light gray, pink, and buff, and weakly porphyritic with small phenocrystsGGU101H137IGulkanaJIgneousK401N4010‡_AQrddBRhyodacite domeCQuaternary, PleistoceneflowsofdaciteandandesiterockismediumgraylocallyvesVflowswithdark-redscoriaceoustopsandbottomsconsistschVflowswithminorinterbeddedtuffsandbrecciasrepresentingaVfluteWWWWfluvial5W6WjWWfluvialglacialWfluvially+Wfluvio-glacial5W6WfluvioglacialWWWWWfluvioglacialice-contactdepositsmainlyinkamesandsmallVflysch WWgWjWkWlWmW}WWWWWWWWWWVWyWflyschmetamorphosedtoamphibolite-faciesschistVVflyschmetamorphosedtolowergreenschist-faciesmainlymudsyVflyschoidWWWWyWfmW Wfolded7WWWW#W%W1W2W:W^WW#WDWEWFWJWPWQWWWZWdWeWrWWWWWfoliationfWWWWfollowsWWWforWWWW"Wforaminiferal0WforaminifersWWWforkWforks)W1major(W,W.W/W0W1W<W@WlWnWWWWWWWWWWCWDWYWjWzWmakesiWWWmalaspinaWmankomenWW W WW!W&WgWWmanlyWmantleWWWmantledWmanyWW0WWWWWW7WjWkWlWmWnWWWWWWWmapHWWWW WiWWWWWwWWWWWmappedoWWWWWWWhWkWrinesiltstonesandstoneandconglomeratethesandstonemeVVVmarkZWmarksWWWWmarshesWWmartinWWWWmassHWmass-flow$W%Wmass-wastageRWmass-wastingKWMWOW\WmassesaWWW?WWmassive_WeW WWW6W9W:W;W=W>W?W@WAWZWjWwW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWk.pleistoceneorpliocene!VqVrVVVpleistoceneplioceneandmioceneVpleistocenepliocenemioceneoroligocenevVpleistoceneplioceneormioceneqVrVpleistocenetomioceneVVVpliocene!W+WiWjWkWpWqWrWtWuWvWwWxWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWqWrWvWplioceneormioceneVVpliocenetooligoceneVquarternaryiWquarternarypleistoceneiVboulderyWbread-crust2WbreadcrustWbrecciaWW#W6W@WvWwW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWnWoWpWqWWWW&W(W5W[WdWyWbrecciasWWWWW6WCWaWfWnWoW{WWWWAWbrecciatedWWW&W~WbreciasWbremnerLWMWWbrightWWW%ˆlB+Valdez Group: Sedimentary rocks, undividedCLate CretaceousAVALDEZ GROUP: Thick sequences of deformed and metamorphosed flysch consisting of metasandstone, metasiltstone, argillite, slate, and phyllite, with rare beds of conglomerate and pebbly argillite. In many places primary internal sedimentary structures, consisting of graded bedding, cross laminations, and convolute bedding are preserved. All sedimentary rocks studied contain metamorphic biotite. The sandstones display a moderately developed semischistose texture that has abundant randomlBy oriented interstitial biotite and less abundant weakly aligned biotite. Sandstones range from lithic to feldspatholithic in composition. Samples become less lithic-rich and more feldspar- and quartz-rich from west to east.ERPelecypod: Inoceramus kusiroensis, Inoceramus ulrichi, and Inoceramya concentricaF5K/Ar date on biotite semischist of 51.5 + or - 1.5 MaGCV002H510ICordovaJ SedimentaryK2700ˆmAKvs+mud5W6WyWWWWWWWW~W*W,WKWWWmudclayandpeatyVmud-richWWmudflowWWmudflows!WWWWWWWmudstoneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W.W3W7W=W@WWWWWWWW*W,W-WyWz<volcanoesEWcWpWwestWwikiWwinkler[WwisconsinWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWaWcWwrangellWWWWWWWWWW W W W W WWWWWWWWWWWW+W.W0W1W2W7W8W<W=W>W?W@WFWaWiWlWmWnWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWmWwrangelllavalVmVzVasalticandesiteflows VVtVwrangelllavaandesiteanddaciteflows8VwrangelllavaandesiteflowsV7VwrangelllavaandesiteflowsflowbrecciasandvolcaniclastiwVwrangelllavabasaltVwrangelllavabasaltandandesitedikesxVwrangelllavabasaltandbasalticandesiteflows VVwrangelllavabasaltcindercones0VwrangelllavabasaltflowsyVwrangelllavabasalttuffVVZq metamorphic{tà .Ã0>Ã@MÃPÃ`ÃpÃÃÃÃà Ã0LÃ@ÃPzwrangelllavadaciteandandesitedomesandflows Vwrangelllavadaciteanddaciticandesiteflows=Vwrangelllavadaciteandesiteagglutinateflow<Vwrangelllavadacitecindercone1Vwrangelllavadaciteflow>VwrangelllavadaciticandesiteanddaciteflowsaVwrangelllavahornblendeporphyryVwrangelllavamassiveandesitedaciticandesiteflowsandagiVwrangelllavamassivebasalticandesiteflowVwrangelllavamtgordonbasaltandandesiteflows VwrangelllavaoldandesiteandbasalticscoriavVwrangelllavaolderpartnVwrangelllavaporphyriticandesiteanddaciticandesiteflowVwrangelllavarhyodacite?VwrangelllavarhyodaciteandrhyoliteVwrangelllavarhyodacitebrecciaVwrangelllavarhyodacitedikesVwrangelllavarhyodacitedomeVwrangelllavarhyodacitedomesandassociatedflowsVwrangelllavarhyodacitetuffbrecia@VvarhyolitecinderconeFVAVH,debrisSW W"W#W$W%WdWeWnWoWdeletefWdeleted;WcWSWTWdeltaWWdeltaicWdeltaicdepositsVdepositWWWNWdepositsWWW W!W"W#W$W%W&W'W(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWFWGWHWIWNWPWQWRWSWVWWW^W_WaWbWcWdWeWfWgWhWiWnWoWwWxWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W$W'W(W)W2WWGWJWKWLWMWOWQWWWWWWW4valley W!W"W#WNW\WWWWWWWWWWWW WW+WWWWWWWWWWW WOWaWbWcWWWvalleysHW\WeWvapor-phase>WvariableWWWWWWWWWWW#WoWsWvariableproportionsofinterbeddedtholeiiticbasaltandtuVvariableproportionsofinterbeddedtholeiiticbasalttovanVvariablyWiWvariantWvariantsWvaribly|WWWvariegatedWWWW WvariesWWWWWWWvarietiesW\WvarietyW%WWW~WWvarigated'WvariousRWTWnWWWWvaryWW#W%WvegetationpWWveinedWveinletsWWWWWveinsXWveneerBWveneersWventWWvents Wverigated:WverticalxWWveryWWWWWWWWW/W5W8WhWxWWWWAdrumlinoidWdrumlinoidalWdueWWduneWWduneandremnantsanddunedepositssandandsiltVdunes W!W"W#WWWWWWWLWMWWdunesontopsofriverbluffswindblownflatsandriverbarsLVMVVduneswellsortedfinegrainedsandandsiltalignedinlongVduniteCWMWNWWWXWZWduniteharzburgiticdunitewehrlitewebsteriteandclinopyroVduringWWWWWfWdutro,We WWWWeagle W W WearlierWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWendlateralandgroundmoraineandkamesandoutwashproximaVVendlateralandgroundmoraineofthealaskanglaciationswhVendlateralandgroundmoraineofwisconsinandolderglaciaVVeolianWepisodeWxWepisodicWWWequigranular6WequivalentWWerodedW+Werosion^WWWWWX‡dGGU002H128IGulkanaJIgneousK402N4020‡eAQtpB Andesite plugC PleistoceneDMedium gray, plagioclase-rich andesite porphyry containing phenocrysts of fresh, euhedral plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene in a cryptocrystalline groundmass.FWhole rock K/Ar age of 529 kaGVA007H36IValdezJIgneousK301N3011‡fAQcdB&Andesite-dacite domes (?) and brecciasC PleistoceneAAndesite-dacite domes (?) and breccias. Light gray domes ranging from andesite containing plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and olivine to porphyritic dacite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and hornblende in a cryptocrystalline groundmass.FWhole rock K/Ar age of 874 kaGVA007H20IValdezJIgneousK465N4650‡gAQcdBVolcanic rocks-Capital VolcanoC PleistoceneDRadial dike swarm and plugsGGU002H129IGulkanaJIgneousK403N4030‡hAQciBAndesite dikesC Pleistocene7fluvio-glacialWfluvio-glacialdepositsVfluvioglacialWWfluviolacustrinewWyWJWfluviolacustrineandswampdepositsyVfluviolacustrinedepositswVJVflysch}WWWWWVWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W0W2W4W5W6W:W?W@WAWBWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W!W&W'W(W)WfoxcWTWfoxcreekterraneunitdeletedonnewvamapcVTVfragmentalWfromWWWWgabbroWWWWWWWWWWgabbroandanorthositeVgabbroanddiabaseandgabbronoritedikeswrangelliaterraneVgabbroandleucogabbroVgabbroandorthogneissVgabbroicWgabbroicphaciodsinmchughcomplexVgabbronoriteWgardinerEWgardinercreekplutonEV%5‡DGlassy, dense dacite dome exhibiting well-developed columnar joints. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; ring fracture(?) related rocksGMC003H316IMcCarthyJIgneousK1043‡ATrBRhyolite dome and plugsCTertiaryALight-colored, crystal-poor, flow-banded rhyolite. Rock contains a few percent of small plagioclase and biotite phenocrysts in a devitrified chalky matrix. The dome, exposed north of Ptarmigan Lake, apparently was endogenous, and it structurally deformed older sedimentary rocks (TKs) into which it was emplaced. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; ring fracture(?) related rocksGMC003H318IMcCarthyJIgneousK1043‡ATdhBDacite porphyry domesCTertiaryDBroad belt of at least eight coalesced endogenous and exogenous dacite domes that extends more that 19 km around and under the Sonya Creek shield volcano.FT23 Ma, by K/Ar on hornblende from dome overlain by Sonya Creek intracaldera(?) rocksGMC003H215IMcCarthyJIgneousK1043‡ATdr~‡‡ATvuB'Intracaldera(?) lavas, undifferentiatedCTertiaryDMainly lava flows of intermediate composition; also includes interlayered mafic flows, pryoclastic deposits, lahars, and tuffs. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; intracaldera(?) rocksGMC003IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATslBAndesite flowsCTertiaryAAphanitic to porphyritic andesite and possibly dacite lava flows and minor interbedded mudflows and glassy agglomerates. Flows are mostly flat-lying and are generally less than 10 m thick; aggregate thickness about 350 m. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek shield volcano; shield rocksGMC003H218IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATsmBAndesitic mudflowsCTertiaryA#Thick (25 m), poorly sorted, and clast-supported mudflows and minor thin interbeds of mud-rich sand and gravel of andesite lava. Unit may include a few thin andesite lava flows. Aggregate thickness more than 230 m; base not exposed. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek shield volcano; shield rocks#+fdriftofthealaskanglaciationVdriftofwisconsinagemorainesVdriftofwisconsinageundifferentiatedVdriftofwisconsinglaciationVdriftofwisconsinglaciationchanneledgroundmoraineVdriftofwisconsinglaciationendmorainesVdriftofwisconsinglaciationeskersVdriftofwisconsinglaciationfluvioglacialVdriftofwisconsinglaciationglaciolacustrineVdriftofwisconsinglaciationgroundmoraineVdriftofwisconsinglaciationlateralmorainesVdriftofwisconsinglaciationoutwashVdriftofyoungerwisconsinglaciationVaVcVdrumWduneWduneseagle!Weaglecreekformation!Vearly[WsWearlydacitedomesandassociatedflows[VearlymtwrangelllavassVeastWeliasWendWWWWeolianWLWMWWandepositsVLVMVeolian/duneeruptiveoWWeskersWfaciesWWWWWWWfairweatherWlateralendandafewgroundmorainesthatarerelicsofextVlateralmorainessomeofwhichhavegentlyslopingridgecreVlaterallyWWWWWWlatestYWWlathsWlatiteWlaumonite-richW{|plutonsHWWW WWWWWWW?WhWWWWWWWWWWYW^WjWzWWpodsWWW%W:WWpoikiliticWpolygonWpondWWWOWpondandlakesedimentsdepositsassociatedwithhighlakelVpondswWzW}W~WWWWJWWpoorly4W>WKWNWOWTWVW\WpWWWWWWWW'W+W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWW]W`WWWpoorlyfoliatedfinetomedium-grainedhypidiomorphic-granuVpophyriticWporcellanite+W<WporphhyriticGWporphhyriticbiotite-hornblendequartzmonzonitelocallygraGVporphoriticDWporphoriticmedium-grainedbiotite-hornblendegranodioritecDVporphorytic@WporphyoriticWWporphyriesWWWporphyriesrangingfromandesitetorhyodacitedikesandsilVbutincludesalargepercentageofaPVWUrangesWWlWWWWWW-WWYWjWzWrangesfrommatrix-supportedpebblymudstoneandsandstonetVrangingWWfWWWW*W-WYWjWzWrangongWrankWWWrapidRWWW4W5Wrare2WWWWiWjWkWlWmWWWrarelyWrWWraspberryWratiosWWWWrecedingWrecentlyWWWWrecessionWWrecognizedBWnWWrecrystallizedWWWWW W"W.W3W;Wred.WwWWWWWNandesiteWWW`P#BUUX  $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PM= ObÄA" esmÄA#lÄA$ÄA%ÄA&ÄBÄB!ÄB1 !#$%denoÄBQ&'()fÄBq*ÄB+ÄC,-./0123iÄDa45678ÄDq9:;<=>?@ÄDAÄFBÄFbCDEpÄQ!\]^_ÄQ"GIJYZ[ÄQ#FHKL`bÄQ$MNOPQRSTUacÄQ1dÄQAgÄV!kÄV"iÄV1jÄVahmnopqrtuvwxyz{|}~₉qÄWÄWAÄWa"VWXfrQc‡7DMedium to thick augite-hypersthene-olivine-bearing andesite flows from local but unknown sources. Light to dark gray rock; not conspicuously porphyritic.F>K-Ar date of similar rocks indicates age of 1.46 +/- 0.03 m.y.GNB108H516INabesnaJIgneousK335N3350‡8AQadfB-Wrangell Lava - Andesite and dacite (?) flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDThick, often glassy porphyritic flows with plagioclase the most common phenocryst. Flows exhibit small-scale but pronounced columnar jointing. Sources unknown, probably localGNB108H520INabesnaJIgneousK335N3350‡9AQsdfBDacite flows of Snider PeakCQuaternary, PleistoceneA[Massive dark-gray-weathering hornblende-rich flows that radiate from the general area of Snider Peak dome. Flows appear to consist of complex multiple-flow cooling units suggesting possibility of more than one source. They locally contain abumdant xenoliths and exhibit conspicuous columnar jointing. Rocks are light gray to pinkish meduim gray[GGU101H128c@granulesWgraphic(Wgraphitic|WWWAWW#W(W+W,W.W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWEWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWWWZW[W\W]WlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgravelsWgravityWWWgrayWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWW(W1W2W4W6W7W9W:W;W<W?WAWUWVWWWYWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWeWfWhWiWuWwWzW{W}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWW-W3W4W5W8W:W>WhWxW? Ä61&()OPQRSTUVWXÄ66YÄ6QZ[\]^_`Ä6abÄ8cefghijklm}TynopqÄ8rstuvÄ8!wxyz{Ä8&|~Ä91Ä95Ä9RÄ:Ä:aÄ:bÄ:cÄ:dÄ:eÄ:Ä:ÄAÄB!ÄCaÄDQÄEÄEÄE‚ÂĂÄEÄFQǂÄFVÄG!ʂÄI1̂͂΂ÄQ:Ђт҂ӂÄQAՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂ÄRAÄT1߂ႈÄU!ÄU&ÄU1傈悈炈肈邈ꂈ낈삈킈ÄYÄcÄcVdÄd6ÄeqÄeÄfaÄg6ÄgAÄgFÄgGÄgRÄgÄha Ähf Ähg ÄiÄiÄiÄj1ÄjQ Äja!Äjf"#$%Är1&'()Äs1*+,-ÄzB.b‡‡ATovsB8Orca Group -- Interbedded sedimentary and volcanic rocksCTertiary, Eocene and PaleoceneDRVariable proportions of interbedded, tholeiitic basalt (Tov) and turbidites (Tos).GBG002H141IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK951‡ATovsB8Orca Group -- Interbedded sedimentary and volcanic rocksCEocene and PaleoceneA Variable proportions of interbedded, tholeiitic basalt and turbidites. Basalt--pillowed and massive flows, pillow breccia, and tuff. Turbitdites--mudstone, siltstone, and fossiliferous volcanogenic sandstone. Metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies. GCV003H335ICordovaJ SedimentaryK951‡ATosvB>Orca Group -- Interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocksCEocene (?) and Paleocene?dsggggraygreen{W|Whbgdhbqdhbqmjajagjc‚ÂĂłYjzjgbjgdjgljgrjkjlgjmpjntXZjphcjs7jtjtajtkjtrcjtrdjtrgjtrm̂͂΂{jtrmljtrqjtrsjtrtWjtsjujumkagkahRkasQkb6kbc:;SkbdZkc?@ABkcgFkcs]kd_kdd\kfccTkgLUWXkgdkgqEkhcdUkjmW@WcWeWfWhWiWrW}WWWWWWWWWWWW,WKWTW\WbWgWyW}WWlowerlatepaleozoicmagmaticarcandassociateduppersedimgVVlowerpartsofthematanuska-wrangellterranesubdividedintVlowersandstonememberabouttwo-thirdsthick-beddedsandstoVlowermost,WWlowest(W/W9W:W;W=WWWWWlowlandWWlubbeWlyingW9granodioriteandgraniteVVgranodioriteandquartzdioriteXVgranodioritehypabyssalandplutonicrocksvVgranodioriteplutonUVgranodioritetoquartzdioriteVgranodioritewrangelliaterraneVpWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*WCWNWeWfWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWgulkanaWhaleydWhaleycreekterranedVhighNWOWhigh-silicaWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humcreekdomecomplexMVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQVho-humdomecomplexdacitedikesPVho-humdomecomplexdacitedomeandflowsSVho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusionRVho-humdomecomplexdacitetephraV ÃQ@gÃV ikÃV0jÃV`hmnopqrtuvwxyz{|}~₉qÃWÃW@ÃW`"VWXfrÃaÃg`ÃuÃx`ÃyÃÃÃÃ`Â_ĂłƂǂȂÃ0ʂ˂̂͂Ä!ςÄ!"Ä!Q҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂Ä!Rょ䂇傇Ä!SÄ!T邇ꂇ낇삇킇Ä!bÄ!dÄ!fÄ!Ä!Ä"6Ä"FÄ"GÄ#Ä#E肈 Ä#a Ä# Ä#Ä$Ä$Ä$Ä$! Ä$1!Ä$a"Ä$#Ä%!$Ä'%Ä'f'Ä(*Ä*Q+Ä*R,-.Ä1!/023Ä24Ä25Ä2!16789:Ä2;<=SÄ2>Ä4Q?@ABÄ5QCÄ5qDÄ5EFGHdh†DGlaciolacustrine deposits on floor and sloping shore areas of glacial Lake Atna. Mostly clayey silt and silty fine sand; locally pebbly silt. Sand and pebble gravel near shorelines, especially close to 745 m elevationGGU101H121IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK124N1240†AQlBLacustrine depositsC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDPond and lake sediments - Deposits associated with high lake levels during the Alaskan Glaciation. Others from small ponds and commonly covered with peat. Chiefly clay and siltGNB108H501INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK124N1240†AQgfBGlaciofluvial depositsC QuaternaryZlacustrineW5W6W{W|WWWWW#WdWlacustrinedeposits{V|VVlagoonalWlagoonaldeposits--fine-grainsiltrichinorganicmaterialVlagoonszW}W~WJWWlaharsWtWuWlahars6WCWrWWWW-WlainWlake+WWWWWWWWWWWWWW WNWOWbWlakeswWxWWlaminaeWlaminatedWWWWWWWWlaminationsjWkWlWmWlamprophyreWlandslide W!W"W#W^WbWdWeWlandslidedeposits^VbVlandslidedepositsofalltypesincludingslumpsblockglideeVlandslidesW%WHWKWMWOWRWWW`WcWgWWWWWWEW`WWlandslidesunsortedangularrockdebrisderivedbyfailureo`VlandwardWWlapilliWWWW0W2WWWWWWlapilli-pumice*W,W-WrmudWWKWmudflows!WWWnabesnaTWnabesnaplutonTVnadina'W(Wnadinavolcanicavalanchelandslideandglacialdepositsund'VWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWoffshoreWoldBWnWoWoldalluvialdepositsnVoVoldalluvialdepositsalluviuminfansBVolderkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWolderalluviumkVlVmVpVqVrVsVtVuVvVVolderendgroundandlateralmorainedepositsVolderglacialdepositsVolderglacialmoraineVolderglaciationdepositsVolderwisconsinglaciationdepositsVolivineWonWorWoutwash5W6WWpartWphaseWWporphyriticWpumiceWpyroclasticWWWWW'WandesiteagglutinateVandesiteagglutinatesVandesiteandbasaltfragmentalrocksVandesiteandbasaltplugsVandesitecinderconesVandesitedikeshVVandesiteflowsVVVandesiteflowsandtephraVandesiteflowsmetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariverVandesitelavasandmudflowsVepositsfrommtwrangellormtdrumVassociated,WZW[WWWavalanche'W(WbarsWbasaltW W WWWWWW.W0WBWDWxWyW{W}WWWbasaltdikesandsillsBVbasalticWW W WWWWWrWtWvW{W}WbasalticandesiteflowsVbasinWWbeachbeachesWWWbeachesandspitsVVbeachesspitsandoffshorebarsVblockWbluffLWZW[W]WbluffcolluviumLVZV[V]VbluffsQWbodies\WboulderWbrecciaW|WWWbrecciasW6WfWwW{W~WWbrecia@W=nregressiveWWrelatedoWWWW WBW_WWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WW=W?WYWjWzWrelationWrelativelyWWWrelicsW}Wrelict;WcWWSWTWremainderWWremnantWAWYWremnantcoreofrhyodacitedomerepresentingoneofthelateYVremnantofflow-bandedmassiveandglassyrhyoliteflowthatAVremnants WrepetitiveW_WreplaceWreplaces WreplacingWrepresentWxWWW/WWWrepresentingYWaWWrepresents@W4W?WyWresembles*WresistantWWWresponseOWrestWrestricted3WWPWWWWrestrictedtoactivefloodplainschieflysandandsiltsome3VresultedWresultingfWresurrectionCWNWpWqWretain0Wretained;WcWWSWTWretainingW(holoceneandpleistoceneV)V0V@VFVKVMVOVaVwVVVVVVVVCVDVEVFVHVJVKV`VVVVVVVholoceneandpleistocene0.65maandyoungermVjuarssicjurassic7W<W=W>WgWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWXWYWZW[jWxWzW{WWjurassicandlatetriassicVjurassicandmiddlepennsylvanianVWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWlateandmiddlejurassicVlatecretaceous,V.VCVNVeVfVhViVjVkVlVmVnVoVpVqVrVsVtVuVvVwVxVyVzV|V}V~VVVVVVVVVV$†BWrangell Lava (younger part)C QuaternaryA9Andesite and dacite flows, dacite domes, and interbedded breccias and pyroclastic rocks (near Mount Shields stratovolcanoes). basalt, andesite, and dacite flows and basaltic lapilli tuff (near Icefields Plateau area), dacite flow (near Drop Glacier and Copper River). Basalt and andesite flows (near West Glacier)9GNB002H111INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550†AQccBVolcanic rocks-Capital VolcanoC PleistoceneD Caldera lavasGGU002H130IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3015†AQcsBVolcanic rocks-Capital VolcanoC PleistoceneD Shield lavasGGU002H131IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3015†AQdfBVolcanic rocks-Drum VolcanoC PleistoceneDCone building flowsGGU002H118IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3013†AQsfBVolcanic rocks-Sanford VolcanoC PleistoceneD3Basalt, andesite, and dacite lava, undifferentiatedGGU002H123IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3014†AQwfBVolcanic rocks-Wrangell VolcanoCHolocene (?) and PleistoceneD#Andesite flows and fragmental rocks+albian+W3W4W<WalderWWWWalgal-matWalnusWWWWalsoWammonite5WWammonites3WWWammonitesbrewericerashulenenseandpuzosiaalaskanaoflat3Vamphipora1WanWWWW+WWWWW WandWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW,W1W3W5W:WgWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWWW W W W!W"W*W.W1WWWand/or3WarachinodiscusWWWarctic WareaWas:WasperaWWWassemblage Waucellina4WbWbarremian1W5W:WbasedWWbedsWbelemnites:WbothWbrachiopod W5Wcallovian7WcarbonizedWcenomanian<WcfWWWWWWchert<WclarkgWcm-WcollectedeWconcentricajWkWlWmWconstrictaWWWI‰KB'Mineral spring and mud volcano depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneA~Deposited by warm, Na-HCO3-rich, CO2-charged, saline spring waters forming the Klawasi Group (Shrub, Upper Klawasi, and Lower Klawasi) mud volcanoes (Motyka and others, 1989) located west of Mount Drum. Also includes one or more inactive deposits west of Capital Mountain; a methane-charged mineral spring found on Copper River's east bank near Copper Center. Mud and clayey-silt~GVA006H6037IValdezJUnconsolidatedK118N1180‰LAQeBEolian depositsCHoloceneDDunes on tops of river bluffs, windblown flats, and river bars. Includes informally named Bremner sand dunes, a large barchan field, located at confluence of Bremner and Copper Rivers. Fine-grained sandGVA006H6023IValdezJUnconsolidatedK120N1200‰MAQeBEolian depositsCHoloceneV s B*  *Y   Y* * *  *******Cj*  *   *  * E  E*   *   *  FC}9‰TAIntercalcated lower greenschist and transistional blueschist facies metasedimentary and mafic metavolcanic rocks. Over broad areas the rocks have a cataclastic fabric, locally relict primary sedimentary and volcaniclastic textures are retained. Unit is distinguished from Bernard Creek terrane (unit Kbc) by the dominance of dark, very-fine-grained metapelitic rocks; where green metavolcanic rocks are present in the Fox Creek terrane they indistinguishable from greenschist of the Bernard CB reek terrane.GVA002H2700IValdezJ MetamorphicK2700:kaskawulshgroupofkindle0Vkennicott4Wkennicottformation4Vkindle0WkleinOWSWVWkleincreekplutonOVSVVVkotsinaWWWkotsinaconglomerateVVVkulthiethWWWWWWWWkulthiethformationVVVVVVVVkuskulana5Wkuskulanapassformation5Vlacustrine{W|WWWlacustrinedepositsVVlagoonalWWWlagoonaldepositsVVVlaharsrWsWtWuWlakeW0adjacent W!W"W#WWWWWWW8WadvanceWWWadvancesOWafterWageSWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWW_WWWWWW*W<WWW WHWIWWWWWWagesWXWYWjWzWagglomeratesWWagglomeraticWagglutinateWWnWWagglutinates0WiWWWaggregateWWWWWWahtellWair.Wair-fallWWWWWWairfallW6WalaskaWWmWWWWWWW W WWgWWWalaskanAWBWnWoWWWWWWWWWalbian1WaleutianmWalgal-matW}WalignedWWjWkWlWmWalkaliWalkalicWW-W/W0W1W9W:W;W<W=WAWBWKWOWPW\WkWnWsWtWuWvWWalluviuminactivestreambedandlowestterracesalonglarge9V:V;V=VIeÃ) Ã) Ã*%Ã* Ã*Ã1,1Ã1 9Ã10KsÃ1@Ã1PaÃ1`Ã1pÃ1Ã1Ã2ނ#5Ã2 Ã20Ã2@Ã2PÃ2`Ã2pÃ2Ã2Ã2Ã3炉Ã4Ã4`Ã5Ã6Ã6`Ã6pÃ8˂̂Ã8 Ã80ÃAՂbÃA :ɂÃBp ÃB)よÃBÃB2ႈ}ÃC킇ÃC ÃC0?ÃC@@ÃCP ÃC`ÃCpVÃCÃC{ÃCaÃDÃD ǂÃD0$|łƂÃD@}ÃDP ÃD`~ÃDp .9neoglacialWnorianWWWWW\WnotWWWWWWWWWolder|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW0W2W3W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W>W@WBWoligoceneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWsWtWuWvWoligoceneandeoceneVVVoligoceneandmioceneVVVor!WBWqWrWWWWW%W&W(W*WbWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW1WXWZW]W^WqWrWsWtWuWvWWordovician5WoceneVVVpaleozoicWWWWWWWWWWWWpennsylvanianWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWchertyWWWW|W}WchetaslinaW$W%W)WXWsWOWaWcWeWfWnWoWchetaslinavolcanicmass-flowdepositprobablysourcedfromeVnVoVchevronWWWWWWWWchevrons7Wchiefly.W/W0W1W2W3W4W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WBWCWDWEWMWNWOWRWTW\WaWdWfWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWW'W(W/W0W1W2W3W6WEWMWPW\WcWkW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3WJW_W`WnWWWW_9‰1ERContains sparse tabulate corals and Amphipora of Middle or early Late Devonian ageGBG002H200IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK7220‰2APzmBKaskawulsh Group -- marbleCDevonian and older(?)D{Massive to thin-bedded white, gray, and black marble in complexly folded beds and lenses totalling more than 1,000-m-thick.GMS002H95IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK7220‰3ADlB&Metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocksCDevonian and older (?)D@Coasre grained recrystallized limestone. Locally fossiliferous.GNB004H424INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7220‰4ADpBPhylliteCDevonianDDark- to light-gray phyllite and brownish-gray metaconglomerate, containing clasts of quartz mica schist, quartzite, calcareous mica schist, quartz-chlorite schist and thin marble lenses. Regionally thermally metamorphosed (greenschist facies)GNB002H152INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7230‰5APzkB$Kaskawulsh Group, Metavolcanic rocksCMississppian to OrdovicianpaleoceneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW#W_WpaleoceneandeoceneVVV_VpaleozoicWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W0WAW^WpennsylvanianWWWWWWWWWWWWWWt0VtoWWW~WWWtokIWtok-tetlinGWHWIWJWKWtok-tetlinplutonmineralcairnphaseHVJVtok-tetlinplutontetlinphaseGVKVtok-tetlinplutontokphaseIVtokunWWWWWtokunformationVVVVVtonaliteWW W"WLWWthick200mlight-coloredandintricatelyflow-bandedrhyoliVthick25mpoorlysortedandclast-supportedmudflowsandmiVthickandthintabularbodiesofalteredtholeiiticbasaltcVthickandthintabularbodiesofalteredtholeiiticbasaltpVthicklobateflowsofdaciteandminorrhyodacitethatform:Vthickmassiveflowsandirregulardomelikemasseslocallyex?VR‡m‡nAQTwBWrangell Lava (older part)CQuaternary and TertiaryDUndivided andesite and basaltic andesite flows, dacite flows anddacite domes, tuffs and breccias, and dacitic andesite agglutinate flows.F'K-Ar dates suggest a minimum of 10 m.y.GNB002H113INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡oAQnfB/Volcanic rocks-Nathlie Mountain eruptive centerC PleistoceneD&Flows, breccias, and sedimentary rocksGGU002H127IGulkanaJIgneousK455N4550‡pAQTuBVolcanic rocksCPleistocene and Pliocene (?)D Volcanic rocks, undifferentiatedGGU002H110IGulkanaJIgneousK455N4550‡qAQTtdB&Lavas of Tumble Creek -- Dacite flows?CPleistocene or PlioceneD%Lavas of Tumble Creek. Dacite flows?GNB008H829INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡rAQTtaBYLavas of Tumble Creek -- Andesite and basaltic andesite flows, lahars, and hyaloclastitesCPleistocene or PlioceneDXLavas of Tumble Creek. Andesite and basaltic andesite flows, lahars, and hyaloclastitesGNB008H830INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡sAQweˆNˆOAKkgBKlein Creek PlutonC CretaceousDMedium grained, hypidiomorphic granular, unfoliated hornblende-biotite granodiorite and quartz monzonite. Coextensive with, or satellites of, the Klein Creek intrusive of Nabesna Quad.FNabesna Quad date of 111+3 m.y.GMC002H15IMcCarthyJIgneousK2520ˆPAKsgB Slana PlutonC CretaceousDkPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende granodiorite. Locally weakly foliatedGNB002H130INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆQAKasBAntler Creek PlutonC CretaceousDcPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende syenodiorite. Weakly foliatedF.K-Ar data yields ages between 105 and 117 m.y.GNB002H138INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆRAKahBBorder of Antler Creek PlutonC CretaceousDHPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Coarse-grained hornblenditeGNB002H139INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆSAKkgBKlein Creek PlutonC Cretaceous‡mACalc-alkaline volcanic province including flows, tephra, and sedimentary units. Derived from shield or composite stratovolcano flows, or their satellite centers. Flows mainly andesite, also range from basalt to rhyolite, and less abundant dacite. Local sedimentary units include tuff and tillite. Wrangell Lava includes Tertiary tillite and the Frederika Formation which is mainly composed diverse conglomerate and sandstone, with lesser siltstone, shale, impure limestone, and lignite. CBoextensive with counterparts in Nabesna Quad. Correlatives in Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska Peninsula, and the Aleutian Islands.mE=Fossil leaves from Frederika Formation indicate a Miocene ageF(K-Ar dates of tillite of 2.7 and 10 m.y.GMC002H24IMcCarthyJIgneousK455N4550valdezgroupgVvaldezgroupamphiboliteschistwVzVvaldezgroupamphibolite-faciesflysch}VVVvaldezgroupgneissVuVvVvaldezgroupinterbeddedmetavolcanicandmetasedimentaryronVoVvaldezgroupinterbeddedvolcanicandsedimentaryrockspVqVvaldezgroupmetaflyschhVvaldezgroupmetasedimentaryrocksundividedeViVvaldezgroupmetavolcanicrocksundividedrVsVvaldezgrouppeliticandquartzofeldspathicschistandgneis|VvaldezgroupphylliteandschistdeleteunitonnewvamapfVvaldezgroupschistyVvaldezgroupschistosemetaflyschxVvaldezgroupschistosetogneissicmetaflyschandmigmatite~VvaldezgroupsedimentaryrocksundividedjVlVmVvaldezgroupultramaficrocksCVNVvalleyW(Wvalley-fillWvolcanicSWWWWWWW#W$W%W&W'W(W*W+WCWDWGWHWIWJWKWTWUWdWgWjWoWpWWWmundividedandesiteanddaciteflows5Vundividedmass-wastagedepositsonmoderatelysteepslopesuRVundulatingWunfoliatedWWWOWunfossiliferousWWuniformlyWunit?WZW[W]WjWWWWWWW<W>WXWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW#W/W0W5W8W;W=W>WCWNWcWdWfWpWqWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWW"W%W)WSWTWUW^WxWunitconsistsoflocallyvariableamountsofvolcanicandseVunitconsistsofmassivetothin-beddedcoal-bearingarkosicVunits9WmWWWWW>WWWWWWWunknownWW7W8W;WiW8WunlikeWunmapped#Wunmetamorphosed*WWunnamed1W8W9WW3rflowsareequivalenttotheolivineandesiteflowsunitqfmVflowsbrecciasandsedimentaryrocksoVbapronsUWVWWaquageneWWWarc WWWgWWWWardenteFWWWare1WBWaWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWW'W1W2W4W6W9W:W;W<W?WYWZW[W]W^WaWhWiWsWtWzW{W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W)W0W4W5W6W7W8W;WCWEWFWJWKWLWNWcWdWiWjWkWlWmWnWrWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW#W(W)WSWTWUWYW^W_WjWzW~WWWz)amphibolite-diorite@ancestral@4and_anddacite@Nandesite@andesiteanddaciteflowsdacitedomesandinterbeddedbrecc@angular@aprons@area@areas@pargillite@ark-gray@ash@atBjumbledWjunction)Wjurassic*W<WWWWWWWWWWWYW[W^WjWzWWjuvenile'WjuxtaposedWWWWWWk-ar WWXWYWjWzWk-sparWWWkameWWWWkame-likeWWWWbWkamesWWWWWWRWbWWkayakWkbccWTWkenai=Wkennecott1WkgWkilometersWWkjsXWklawasiWWKWklein?WOWWWklutinaWkmW=W>WWW#W,Wkmg>Wkmu0WWWlaminatedWWWWWlandslide W!W"W#W^WbWdWeWlandslidedeposits^VbVlandslidedepositsofalltypesincludingslumpsblockglideeVlandslidesW%WHWKWMWOWRWWW`WcWgWWWWWWlandslidesunsortedangularrockdebrisderivedbyfailureo`VlandwardWWlapilliWWWW0W2WWWWWˆDPart of "diorite complex." Medium- to coarse-grained hornblende quartz-diorite, hornblende-biotite quartz diorite, and subordinate leucocratic quartz dioriteFXK-Ar dates of Middle Jurassic for plutonic rocks and Late Triassic for metamorphic rocksGNB002H144INabesnaJIgneousK3403ˆAJtB?Tonalite, diorite, and leucodiorite of Chitina Valley batholithC Late JurassicAdTonalite, diorite, and leucodiorite of Chitina Valley batholith. Mainly diorite, leucodiorite, and tonalite, but locally includes gabbro, especially near contacts. Generally medium-grained but varies from fine to coarse and pegmatitic. Ranges from weakly to non-foliated in interior of plutons to strongly foliated and locally mylonitic towards contacts.dGBG002H170IBering GlacierJIgneousK3403ˆAJcBChitina Valley batholithC Late JurassicD-Wrangellia terrane, Chitina Valley batholithGVA007H32IValdezJIgneousK3403ˆAJcBChitina Valley batholithsiltyRWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WsimilarWW<WWWWWWWWW WWW)W^WsimilarityWsingleW<W>WWWsingleoutcropconsistingof10mofintenselyshearedreddiVsitlstone3WsixZWsixdistinctivehornblende-biotitedacitedomesandassociatZVsizeWWWWWWsizedWWWskarnWWWskolaiWWW WW!W^Wskolai-tetelnaWslanaW&WslanaspurformationVslategWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWWWWWslaty8WWslideseWslightlyWWWhW#WWWxW3denseflowswithlocalizedcolumnarjointinggrayolivineba Vdenseharddark-graysiltstonewheresiltstoneiscarbonaceoVdensethintothickextensiveflowslocallyexhibitingpronoVdenselyWdepositW#W$W%W)W@WdWeWfWnWoWdepositedW W!W"W#W+WAWjWWWWWWWWWKWfWwWxW{W}Wdepositedbywarmna-hco3-richco2-chargedsalinespringwatKVdepositionBWnWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W4W5W_WdepositsWWW W!W"W#W$W%W&W'W*W+W1WBWGWHWIWKWMWOWQWRWSWVWWWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWbWdWeWjWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxW{W|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWP,fine-grainedWWxWWWWWW,W0W4W{WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW5W@WLWMWOWWWWfine-grainedbiotitegraniteVfine-grainedlimestoneinbeds2minterbeddedwithcarbonacVankaWWflanksSWflat-lyingWflattenedWflood(W,W.W/W0W1W2W3W<WnWpWfloodedXWfloorWflowWWWWWWWW W#W$W%W)W<W>WAWCWKWNW`WbWiW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWflow-bandedAWWWflowsSWeWhWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWW!W,W0W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W?WCWDWMWOWSWTWXWZWaWiWjWlWmWnWoW-o‡K1041‡ATwrBRhyolite flow(s)CTertiaryA%Thick (200 m), light-colored and intricately flow-banded rhyolite lava containing abundant, pristine black obsidian. Locally includes as much as 2 m of overlying rhyolitic lapilli tuff and 10 m of rhyolitic volcanic sandstone. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; intracaldera(?) rocks%GMC003H220IMcCarthyJIgneousK1042‡AThBHypabyssal rocksCTertiaryA0Dacite, andesite, and rhyodacite porphyry. Typically strongly porphyoritic. Correlates with younger porphyry of Nabesna quadrangle and with hypabyssal rocks associated with the Wrangell Lava in Alaska and Canada. Subdivision of unit Th of MacKevett (1978) south of range divide and Chitna River valley0FWzWWWWWW4W8WWW W W~WWbasedWWWbasement+WbasinLWWWWWWNWOW{W|WbasinbluffcolluviumLVbasisWWWWWbatholithWWWWWWWWWWW WWbatholithicWksouthernly<WsouthwardyWsouthwestWsouthwesternWsparinglyWsparseWW WWWWWWCWNWbWWsparsely]WWWW5Wspatter0WspheneW 5andnWoWpWqW|W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWW3W6W7W8W9W:W=W>W@WKWZW[W\WiWpWqWrWsWtWuWvW}WWWW> flowsqWrWsWtWwWyWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW?W@WAWBWWWWWWWWW'W(W)W*W,W-W5WGW[WmWpWqWsWtWuW~WWWconesCWDW,W-W/W0W3WWiWconglomeratejWWWWWWWWWconglomerateandsandstoneVconglomerateandshaleVconglomeraticWcontinental,W-Wcontinentalsedimentaryrocks,V-VcopperWWOWcopperriverdepositsOVcopperriverdepositsundifferentiatedVcottonwood$Wcottonwoodcreekcomplex$VcraterWWcreekMWqWrWWWWWWWWWWWW!W$W6W:W;WEWOWQWRWSWVWZWcWdWWWWW W WW!W#W&W'W(W)WSWTWUW[WWcretaceous+W1WcumulateW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W$W'W(W)W2W†CHoloceneD5Dune, and remnant sand dune, deposits. Sand and siltGNB002H110INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK120N1200†AQdsBActive cliff-head dune depositsCHoloceneDActive cliff-head dune depositsGGU002H105IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK120N1200†AQdBDunesCHoloceneDWell-sorted fine-to medium-grain sand with abundant driftwood and sparse pebbles along the coast south of Bering Glacier. Dunes are nourished by prevailing southeasterly storm winds that blow across outwash deposits of the Bering Glacier.GBG002H114IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK120N1200†AQdBDunesCHoloceneDODunes-- Well sorted, fine grained sand and silt aligned in longitudinal ridges.GCV003H125ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK120N1200†AQeB Eolian/DuneC QuaternaryD Sand dunesGMC004H411IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK120N1200†AQdBDunesCHoloceneD=Larger sand dunes associated with present beaches and streamsGYA002H5IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK120N1200†AQdBDunesCHolocene7[volcaniclastic+WWWWWWWWWWWW;W@WAWBWcWWWWWWWWWWW W'W-W5WSWTWWWWWvolcaniclastics*WvolcanicsWWWWW&W'W+WgWWvolcanilutite&WvolcanismWWWWvolcanoWWWWWWWWWWW W'WLWYWZWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWvWvolcano-glacial~Wvolcanoclastic?W&Wvolcanoclastics&WWWwater-laidWwaveWwavedepositedsandandgravelVweaklyWWW^WWW$WweaklyconsolidatedpoorlysortedfluvioglacialdepositsglaVweaklyinduratedpebbletoboulderconglomerateandinterbedVweatherW:WzWWWweatheredSWWweatheringWWWWWWW7W8Wweathers4WweldedWWWW&catleast2000mofflowstephraandminorsedimentaryrockslVatleast3000moforangeweatheringlight-grayfeldspathicVVVatnaWWWWWOWbWattainsWaugiteWW)WAWXWW/Waugite-bearing$Waugite-hornblende)Waugite-hypersthene-o7Waugite-olivine)Wavalances*W ‰I‰D‰!E‰#G‰%r‰(D‰*E‰-J_‰1E‰5A9*‰9D0‰=B‰@De‰DB]‰GC‰KB ‰MD‰OBC‰TA}‰WDD‰YFy‰\Au‰^BMp‰aD‰dD‰fF‰jA.‰pBC‰tJ‰xAY]‰zFK‰}AT‰Alx‰B>‰Bo‰D‰Dc‰As‰F @`* @`*‰5AChiefly schistose, fine-grained metaandesite tuff and flows, and coarse-grained breccia and conglomerate, along with minor dark-gray argillite. Metavolcanic and volcaniclastic rocks massive to crudely layered. Metavolcanic breccia and conglomerate contain fragments of fine-grained metavolcanic rocks as much as 1 cm diameter. Includes local metamorphosed hypabyssal intrusive rocks, chiefly meta-hornblende diorite..GBG002H210IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK7240 alluviumalongstreams.Valluviumalongstreamsandinfans,Valluviumcoarse-grainedalluvialfansandconesCValluviumfine-grainedalluvialfansandconesDValluviuminfans>V@Valluviuminstreams0VCVDValluviummoderncoarse-grainedstreamalluvium2Valluviummodernfine-grainedstreamalluvium3Valong,W.Waltered WLWalteredbiotiteandhornblendetonalite ValteredtonaliteLVamphibolitewWzW{WWWWWWWamphibolitefaciesrocksVamphibolitegneissmetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariverVamphibolitemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariverVamphibolite-dioriteWamphibolite-facies}WVWW\WaWfWiWjWrWtWuWvWwWxW{W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W"W#WXWfWUN U E C, 0F(120(38(4|5((6bfu7a.uY8{$FP9y@: Alavender(WlawsoniteWlayered"WWW*WWWWWWW5WlayeredgabbroandcumulateultramaficrocksinfairweatherVlayeredgabbroandleucogabbrolayeredgabbroisdominantlyVlayeringWyW~WWWlayers~WWWWWWWW#WWlessermWWWWWWlevelsBWWWlightWWWW(W2W7W9W:W?WAWVWWWXWYWZW[W\W^W_WfWWWWWWWlightgraymoderatelyporphyritichornblendedacitecontainiVVlightgrayporphyritichornblendedacitecontainingphenocryWVlightgraytobuffmassiverockswithsmallphenocrystsofpVlightolive-graytogreenish-grayporphyriticcontainingpheXVlight-buffWlight-bufftolight-graydepositsoftuffandprobablyashfVlight-colored^WWWWWWWWWlight-coloredcrystal-poorflow-bandedrhyoliterockcontainVT$coal-likeWcoalescedW3Mflow-bandedAWWWflowsSWeWhWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWW!W,W0W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W?WCWDWMWOWSWTWXWZWaWiWjWlWmWnWoWehquaternaryholocene&V'V1V2V3V7V8V9V:V;V<V=VAVBVCVDVEVHVPVQVRVXVYVZV[V\V]VnVoVzV{V|V}V~VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVquaternaryholoceneandpleistoceneSVTVWVeVfVhViVqVrVsVtVuVvVVVVVVV VquaternaryholoceneneoglacialVquaternaryortertiaryBVernarypleistoceneVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV V V V VVVVVVVVVVVVVV$V%V(V)V.V/V0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9V:V;V<V=V>V?V@VAVtertiary+WBW0.3)W1W+W4W1.3W1200SW1290W1500W150mmW1700WW1791WW1993W1994W2W20W4WTWverydarkandesiteplugthatmaymarkaprincipaleruptiveaVveryextensiveandthicktwo-pyroxeneandesitelavaflowsthVverypoorlybeddedconglomeraticsandstoneandargillitemanVverythickcomplexlydeformedmonotonoussequenceofthintoVVvery-fine-grainedcWTWvesicularWWW4W>WYWyWWWvesicularfmglocallyporphyriticflowsrockslocallychloyVvesticlesWWvienletsWvirtually*W)hasTWWWWWWWW W4WjWkWlWmWpWqWWWWWWW WWW^WhasenW W$WWhaveW+WYWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW:WCWNWXWcWtWuWvWWWWW WWTWhavingrWWWWW^WhawkinsvWhaydonWheadCWNWpWqWvWheadlandsWWheadstWuWvWhenceWWWheterogeneousWWWWWWhettangianWhiddenWhighZW[W]WnWWWWWNWOWiWjWWWWWFW\WaWcWWhigh-gradeWhigh-gradeamphibolite-dioritecomplexcharacterizedbysegrVWhillsWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humdomecomplexanandesite-dacitedome-flowcenternortMVho-humdomecomplexchieflynortherlytrendingdikesapparenPVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQV{wÄqIÄq"bÄq$JÄq&OÄq(cÄq*eÄq2GÄq4LÄq6[Äq8PÄq:VÄqBYÄqDFÄqFXÄqGZÄqHKÄqJgÄqRWÄqTjÄqVfÄr#ÄsÄsÄtDÄufÄv!mÄw"v bay7WqWWWWWWWWWWbering!W+W8WHWIWWW_WrWzWWWWWWWWWBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW8W=W>WbWhWkWnWxW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW%W1W5W‰pB7Shield and intracaldera lavas -- Mount Jarvis volcanoesCPleistocene, 1.7-1.0 MaD$Extensive flat-lying andesitic flowsGMC006H430IMcCarthyJIgneousK355N3551‰qAQTwBHLava flows and sedimentary rocks -- Older volcanic and sedimentary rocksC!Pleistocene, Pliocene, or MioceneD}Flat-lying andesite and dacite lava flows; a Tertiary tillite and the fossil-rich conglomeratic sandstone Frederika FormationGMC006H439IMcCarthyJIgneousK455N4550‰rAQTwrBADomes and intrusive rocks -- Older volcanic and sedimentary rocksC!Pleistocene, Pliocene, or MioceneDChiefly dacite and rhyoliteGMC006H416IMcCarthyJIgneousK465N4650‰sATwB-Lava flows and lahars -- Older volcanic rocksCMiocene or OligoceneDLBasaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lava flows; andesitic lahar depositsGMC006H427IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‰tATwB-Lava flows and lahars -- Older volcanic rocksCMiocene or OligoceneDLBasaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lava flows; andesitic lahar depositsGMC006H434IMcCarthyˆ{DJDark-greenish black, fine-grained, partially segregated amphibolite schistGMS002H69IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2710ˆ|AKsmB@Valdez Group -- Pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneissCLate CretaceousDReddish weathering, varibly banded, strongly schistose to granoblastic pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneiss. Typically a garnetiferous graphitic schist. Sedimentary clastic protolith.GYA002H79IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2715ˆ}AKvmB'Valdez Group, amphibolite-facies flyschCLate CretaceousDDDominantly schist. Flysch metamorphosed to lower greenschist faciesGBG004H319IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2700ˆ~AKvgB>Valdez Group -- Schistose to gneissic metaflysch and migmatiteCLate Cretaceous‡‡ATkBKulthieth FormationCEoceneAConsists of massive to thin-bedded coal-bearing, arkosic sandstone, dark-gray to black carbonaceous siltstone and shale, and minor coal. Sandstone and shale ratios in measured sections average about 1:1. The sandstone varies from massive intervals as much as 492 ft thick to thin bedded and shaly. Bituminous to semianthracite coal in beds as much as 10 ft thick is a conspicuous, but minor part of the sequence. Commonly intensely deformed into imbricated stacks of fault-bounded chevron Bfolds with shearing and structural thinning and thickening of coal beds. Mostly nonmarine and has minor tongues of transitional marine strata lithologically similar to the underlying Stillwater Formation and overlying Tokun Formation.Eplants, and mollusks GBG003H250IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK860‡ATkBKulthieth FormationC#Tertiary, Eocene and late Paleocene~‰C1middle Paleozoic(?) and older(?) (Pennsylvanian?)DGranite and syenite, medium- to coarse-grained, and schistose. Syenite chiefly schistose, gray-green hornblende-Kspar-biotite-plagioclase syenite. Local K-spar rich areas up to 8 cm diameter. Contains local inclusions of meta-andesite.GMS002H87IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK5870‰APagBDiorite and quartz dioriteC1middle Paleozoic(?) and older(?) (Pennsylvanian?)DGranite and syenite, medium- to coarse-grained, and schistose. Syenite chiefly schistose, gray-green hornblende-Kspar-biotite-plagioclase syenite. Local K-spar rich areas up to 8 cm diameter. Contains local inclusions of meta-andesite.GYA002H87IYakutatJIgneousK5870‰APPfB Ahtell PlutonCPermian and PennsylvanianDFine-grained biotite graniteGGU002H145IGulkanaJIgneousK5871‰APPpB Ahtell PlutonCPermian and PennsylvanianD#Porphyritic hornblende granodioriteGGU002H146IGulkanaJIgneousK5871‰APPgB Ahtell PlutonCPermian and PennsylvaniantalusW W!W"W#W%W5W6WIWJWKWMWOWRWTWWWXY\WWWEW`WWbble-sizedangularrockdebrisJVtalusbutalsoincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesrockglKVtalusdepositsIVtanWterminal W!W"W#WtermininWterrace+Wterraces(W,W/W0W1W2W7W8W9W:W;W<W=WlWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWthat W!W"W#W4WBWCWTWpWWWWWWWWWtheW W!W"W#WHWVWZW[W]WoWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWthedepositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesrocVtheglaciofluvialdepositsbroadlydistributedbelow900miVtheyWthicknessmWthoseWthoughtHWthreeBWtidalWWtillWto1W3W>WBWHWJWSWTWnWoWWWWWWWWWWWdepositsofthecopperriverbasinundifferentiatedVdevils\Wdevilsmountainpluton\VdiabaseWdikesBWLWPWUW]WhWxWWWWWWW%WWdioriteWWW)WXW^W_WWWWWWWWWWWdioriteandquartzdioriteVVdioritecomplexVVdioriteundifferentiated)Vdiorite-gabbro/WOWPWQWRWSWWWYW_W`WbWcWuWWWWWWWdomes WZW[W^WfWWWWWWWWdriftWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWdriftofalaskanglaciationVVVdriftofalaskanglaciationablationmorainesVdriftofalaskanglaciationolderphaseVdriftofalaskanglaciationyoungerphaseVdriftofalaskanneoglacialglaciationVV:{lavasoftumblecreekdaciteflowsqVlavasofwikipeakVlayeredWWlayeredgabbroandcumulateultramaficrocksinfairweatherVlayeredquartzgabbroVleucodioriteWleucogabbroWWlibertyW[WlimestoneWWWWWWWW W W .|Wlimestoneofthehasencreekformation VlimestonesWWWW\W}Wlobate:Wlow-silicaWlower0W1WWWlowercretaceoussedimentaryrocks1VmaficWWWWWW#WWZWmaficandultramaficplutonicrocks#VmaficandultramaficrocksZVugsVmaficplugsVVmaficplutoniccomplexVmainWWmankomenW Wmankomengroup VmankomengroupundividedVmapcWfWTWmarbleWW W"W#W$W%W2Wmarbleofthemetamorphosedskolaigroup$VmarineW7W9WWWWWWWmarineclasticandcarbonaterocksundividedVWK)structurallychaoticmelange-likeunitofdominantlymassive>VstructureW^WstructurelessW@W|WWWstructurelesstolocallystratifiedmudflowscontainingclasVstructuresWWWWWWWiWjWkWlWmWW)WstudiedjWkWlWmWstudyWWWstyleWWWstylolitesWsub-bituminousWsub-iceWWsub-marineWWWsubaerial@WWWWsubaerialporphyriticbasaltflowsinterbeddedwithvolcanicVsubangularWsubaqueous@Wsubaqueousandsubaerialvolcanicandvolcaniclasticrocksu@Vsubareial~Wsubdivided+W1WWsubdivisionWsubdivisionsWWWWWWsubductionYWjWzWsubduedsWsubhedralWWXWJsubmarineWWWWWW~WWsubmarine-fanWWsubophiticWsubophitiicWsubordinateWWWWWWWW W+W,W0W5W8W:W=WMWZWdWhWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W"W(W7W9W=WUWWsubordinatelightormedium-grayandbuffcalcareousrocksm"VbvolcanicWWsuccessiveWWsuch W!W"W#WRWWWWWWWsufidesWsugaryYWsuggestWCWNWsuggesting9WsuggestiveWWWsuiteWsulfideXWWWsulfidesWsuordinate@WsuperglacialWsuperglacialdriftVsupportpWWsupportedWsupraglacialWsupraglacialmoraineunweatheredpoorlysorteddebrisonsurVsurfaceWWWsurfacesWWWWWWWWsurficialWW W!W"W#WRWsurficialdepositsundifferentiatedV ˆ3EAmmonites, Brewericeras hulenense and Puzosia alaskana of late early Albian age were found in the shallow marine rocks. Fragments of lignitized wood is very abundant in the shallow marine and/or terrestrial rocksGGU101H146IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK2010ˆ4AKkBKennicott FormationCEarly Cretaceous, AlbianADominantly sandstone (fine-grained feldspathic graywacke and arkosic wacke) and siltstone, but includes shale and some conglomerate, whose clasts are predominantly Nikolai Greenstone, at the base. Generally dark greenish gray and weathers to brown; is thin-bedded; and has crude graded bedding, cross-bedding, sole markings, and spherical limy concretions. Represents fairly rapid shallow marine deposition in a transgressive seaEYThe pelecypods of the genus Aucellina represents the older of the two Albian faunal zonesGMC100H110IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK2101ˆ5AKkpBKuskulana Pass FormationC6Early Cretaceous, Neocomian, Barremian and HauterivianydioritegranodioriteandgabbronoriteVdioritic WWWWWdipWdipsWWdirectioncWgWWW_ianddacitenWand/oruW3WandalusiteWWWandalusite-bearing>Wandente2WabsensetWabumdant9Wabundant W!W"W#WWW WWWWWW<WZW[WmW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3WKWdWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWUW^W_WfWwWxWacceleratedWaccessiblehWaccessoriesWaccessoryWWaccreted=WyWF$LfewWWWWWWWWWWiWWW%WfewerWfiammeWfidalgoCWNWpWqWfieldWWWWLWMWWfieldsWWWWfillWfilledWWfillsWfinezW}W~WWW6WuW|WW W W WWWWWWWWWW W"W5WIWLWXWhWwWxWzW~WWWWWWWWWWWWW WW$W*W/W0W1WJWWfinetomedium-grainedbandedimpuremarblelocallydeformed$Vfinetomedium-grainedbiotite-hornblendegranodioriteIVfinetomedium-grainedcalcite-richmarblelocallydolomiticVfinetomedium-grainedequigranulartoseriatehypidiomorphiLVfinetomedium-grainedsubhedralgranularrockscontaininghXVWWWWW!W,W0W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W?WCWDWMWOWSWTWXWZWaWiWjWlWmWnWoWˆ5ˆ6AKbBBerg Creek FormationCEarly CretaceousDMarine clastic rocks consisting of calcareous conglomerate, conglomeratic sandstone and siltstone, and calcarenite. Basal strata generally are pebble, cobble, and boulder conglomerate consisting of clasts derived from nearby bedrock.E InoceramusGVA002H2110IValdezJ SedimentaryK2110ˆ7AJsB)Unnamed Jurassic marine sedimentary rocksCMiddle Jurassic (Callovian)?AMarine clastic rocks consisting mostly of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone, which contain many interbeds of pebble- and cobble-conglomerate. Greenish-gray sandstone predominates in lower part of the sequence, in many places it is calcareous and cross-stratified. Highest rocks in the sequence include rusty-gray weathering limey siltstone interbeds and concretions. Rock strata in upper part are tightly folded into southeast-striking chevrons and isoclinesEUnnamed Callovian fossilsGVA002H3120IValdezJ SedimentaryK2110ˆ8AKlBClastic sedimentary rocks [‡sBEarly Mt. Wrangell lavasC QuaternaryDEarly Mt. Wrangell lavas. The flows north of the Chetaslina Glacier are porphyritic, olivine-bearing, two-pyroxene andesites exhibiting magma mixing features. The isolated flows are also olivine-bearing tow-pyroxene porphyritic to seriate andesites.FK/Ar age of 690 kaGVA007H19IValdezJIgneousK301N3011‡tAQTafB4Wrangell Lava - Andesite and basaltic andesite flowsC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneA;Extensive flows with oxidized scoriaceous tops and bottoms. May include younger thin basalt flows from local eruptive centers. Locally, rocks are altered to chlorite and clay minerals. Distiguishing characteristics to QTau include a predominance of olivine over hypersthene and by the absense of pyroclastic beds;GNB108H525INabesnaJIgneousK455MALTN4550‡uAQTadB1Wrangell Lava - Andesite and acitic andesite domeC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneaWWWWWWWWWW W WWWW W!W%W&W(WEWKWLWMWTWXWZW^W`WfWqWxWyW{W}WWWadiverseandintimatelymixedgroupoflowtomedium-gradeV^Vl‰}‰~ATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCLate and Middle TriassicAAltered tholeiitic basalt. Largely subareial, locally submarine in northeastern part of quadrangle. where basal sections contain pillow basalt and intercalated argillite. elsewhere, base generally characterized by volcanic conglomerate as much as 70-m-thick. Consists dominantly of pahoehoe and aa flows between 15-cm- and 15-m-thick; some flow tops are brecciated. Characteristically amygdaloidal except interiors of thicker flows. Typically altered and metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyB ite faciesGMC002H29IMcCarthyJIgneousK4420‰ATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCLate and(or) Middle Triassic#ofWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWWWWW W"W#W'W(W)W+W2W6W9W:W<W=W@WAWMWPWSWVWWWXWYWZW[WaWeWfWhWiWjWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWzW|W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWWWP†IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK140N1400†AQwoB'Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - OutwashCQuaternary, PleistoceneDOutwash probably of main phase of glaciation. Located in well-defined plains and broad channels; surface pitted in places. Chiefly well bedded gravel and sand, mantled locally by organic siltGGU101H114IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK140N1400†AQwfB-Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - FluvioglacialCQuaternary, PleistoceneDFluvioglacial ice-contact deposits mainly in kames and small eskers. Includes some small outwash and ground-moraine deposits. Typically silt-laden pebble and some cobble gravel; locally short beds of sand and siltGGU101H115IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK140N1400†AQogBGlacial depositsC PleistoceneDQGlacial drift deposits older than Wisconsin glaciation; probably of Illinoian ageGNB002H105INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK190N1900†AQogB0Drift of older (Wisconsin and older?) glaciationC Pleistoceneb2 altity}~LX`alt-biohfsłƂȂׂڂ܂>Ä! !"#%&'5Ä!a(*+,-./012346789:;<=CDÄ!q>?ABCDEÄ!$FGHKMNOPQRSTW\EÄ!IJUVXY`Ä!LZ[]FÄ!^_`abcdefghiGÄ!)@jklmnopqrstuvHIÄ"1wxyz{|}~JÄ"aÄ"qÄ"KÄ#LMÄ#AÄ#QNOÄ#aÄ#qPlÄ#QÄ#Ä#Ä$‚ÂłƂǂȂɂʂ˂̂RÄ$!Ä$a΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႆ₆らabcÄ$Ä%傆悆Ä*肆邆ꂆ낆Ä1Ä3ÄA! †+DPrimarily well-sorted stratified gravel and sand deposited by nonglacial streams and outwash deposited by glacial meltwater. Locally includes lake and terrace depositsGBG002H113IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†,AQalB"Alluvium along streams and in fansCHoloceneDMainly in active flood plains and lowermost terraces of major and some minor streams and in larger active fans. Stratified silt, sand, gravel, and boulders.GMC003H200IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†-AQaBActive alluviumC QuaternaryD*Active alluvium in larger streams and fansGMC004H400IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†.AQalBAlluvium along streamsCHoloceneDMainly in active flood plains of major and some minor streams. Chiefly stratified boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand; silt locally common.GNB008H801INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†/AQalBYounger alluviumCHoloceneDmAlluvium on active flood plains and on lowest terraces of major streams. Chiefly boulders, gravel, and sand.driftdepositsmostlyonmoderatelysteepslopeschieflygroVdriftmostlygentlyrollingtoundulatinggroundmoraineexhVdriftofalaskaglaciationVdriftofalaskanglaciationendandlateralmorainedepositsVdriftoflatewisconsinageVVdriftofmainwisconsinageVdriftofolderglaciationsVdriftofolderglaciationsincludeslakedepositsinthechiVdriftofthealaskanglaciationVdriftofwisconsinglaciationchieflydiamictonlocalsandgVdriftofwisconsinglaciationchieflylateralandgroundmorVdriftofwisconsinglaciationendlateralandgroundmoraineVdriftwoodWWWWdropWdropstonesWdropstones-areWW  igneous !"#%&'()?@ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRSTUVWYZ[\]^_`abpq‚ÂĂłƂǂ߂ႈ₈よ䂈傈悈炈邈낈킈&'*,-WXYZ]defijmnopqrstuvz~R‡uDGray rocks with plagioclase phenocrysts in a fine grained glassy matrix. May be associated with younger rocks of QTau and/or QTafGNB108H526INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡vAQTavB4Wrangell Lava - Old andesite and basaltic (?) scoriaC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDXZones of bright-red breccia and bomb fragments. No topographic expression of small coneGNB108H527INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡wAQTauBYWrangell Lava - Andesite flows, flow breccias, and volcaniclastic rocks, undifferentiatedC1Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene and PlioceneA#Gray hypersthene andesite flows with red scoriaceous tops and bottoms. Holocrystalline rocks with labradorite phenocrysts in a trachytic groundmass of plagioclase, minor clinopyroxene, and traces of olivine. Collective package of flows (< 5m) may exceed 1000 m. Massive lenses of breccia.#FYK-Ar age of 2.77 +/- 0.10 m.y. Similar rocks in C-5 yielded an age of 1.97 +/- 0.15 m.y.GNB108H528INabesnam Ã!^_`abcdefghiGÃ!)@jklmnopqrstuvHIÃ"0wxyz{|}~JÃ"`Ã"pÃ"KÃ#LMÃ#@Ã#PNOÃ#`Ã#pPlÃ#QÃ#Ã#Ã$‚ÂĂłƂǂȂɂʂ˂̂RÃ$ Ã$`΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႆ₆らabcÃ$Ã%傆悆Ã*肆邆ꂆ낆Ã1Ã3ÃA  elsmÃBÃB ÃB0 !#$%denoÃBP&'()fÃBp*ÃB+ÃC,-./0123i@ÃDAÃFBÃF`CDEÃQ FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUYZ[\]^_`abcÃQ0de‰DBAlluvium in streamsCHolocene and PleistoceneDIncludes alluvium in active flood plains and in principal terraces of major and some minor streams. Chiefly stratified silt, sand, gravel, and boulders.GVA006H6007IValdezJUnconsolidatedK105N1050‰EAQcBColluvium, undifferentiatedCHolocene and PleistoceneAChiefly talus but includes deposits of small landslides, rock glaciers, and other mass-wasting processes. Generally includes a large proportion of alluvium in small fans and cones and reworked glacial deposits. Sand, gravel, boulders, diamicton, and rubbleGVA006H6001IValdezJUnconsolidatedK107N1070‰FAQcbBBluff ColluviumCHolocene and PleistoceneDOccurs along high steep bluffs of the Copper River and its principal tributaries. Locally includes small areas of the Copper River deposits (Qcr) and the drift of older glaciations (Qg). Unsorted silt, sand, gravel, and bouldersGVA006H6033IValdezJUnconsolidatedK107N1072‰GAQlBLandslide deposits8frontWWftWWWWWWWWWWWWWfull}WgyWgabbroWWW#W*W<WCWDWNWSWdWwWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWW W)W,W/WUWXWZWWgabbropyroxeniteperidotiteandduniteincludesthenelchinXVZVgabbroic6W WsWWW WW!WgabbroicrocksrocksconsistingofsillsdikesanddiscordanVgabbronoriteWWWXWZWgallonsWWWgallowayOWgarnetWWWWgarnet-bearingWWWWWWWWWWWWW4W6W;WAWiWWWWWWWgenerallyassociatedwithrhyoliteandrhyodacitedomesall]Vgenerallyconsistsoffine-grainedgranoblasticcalcitewithVgenerallymediumandmediumtocoarse-grainedhypidiomorphicVVgeneticallyWWWWW‰-JIgneousK6220‰.ADlB LimestoneCDevonianDZGray to dark-gray recrystallized limestone. Regionally metamorphosed (greenschist facies)ERugose and tabulate coralsGNB002H153INabesnaJ MetamorphicK6931‰/AMzPziBDiorite-gabbroCDevonianDDark-greenish-gray, fine- to coarse-grained augite- and hornblende-bearing mafic diorite and gabbro. Regionally metamorphosed (greenschist facies)GNB002H156INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7080‰0APzkBKaskawulsh Group of KindleC$Devonian (?) and Older (?) PaleozoicDMainly thick-bedded, fine- to coarse-grained, locally schistose, banded, or granulated marble, also schist, phyllite, and minor amphibolite, all strongly schistose.E+Tabulate horn corals suggest a Devonian ageGMC002H23IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK7220‰1ADkmBKaskawulsh Group, CalcschistCearly Late or Middle DevonianDMassive to thick-bedded, gray to white fine- to coarse-grained marble, dolomite, and muscovite-quartz-calcite schist; commonly complexly and tightly folded into isoclines.+  x@‡)DIncludes the extensive Nadina hot avalanche deposit from Mt. Drum and a pyroclastic flow (0.3 Ma), probably from Mt. Drum, at the junction of the two forks of the Chetaslina RiverGGU003H317IGulkanaJIgneousK314N3140‡*AQshBVolcanic rocks-Sanford VolcanoC PleistoceneD HyaloclastiteGGU002H122IGulkanaJIgneousK316N3160‡+AQTvgBWrangell Lava - Volcanic gravelC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneA&Unconsolidated to poorly consolidated. Totally unsorted diamicton, with boulders of lava and basement rocks as much as 1 m in diameter to well-bedded, locally sorted volcaniclastic debris that may have been fluvially reworked. Where semi-consolidated, locally eroded to form distinct pillars.&GNB108H530INabesnaJIgneousK317N3170‡,AQbcB!Cinder cones and associated flowsC PleistoceneD!Cinder cones and associated flowsGGU002H111IGulkanaJIgneousK320N3200‡-AQbcB Cinder conesC PleistoceneD Cinder conesGNB008H833INabesnaJIgneouse6ageWWWWWWWWWnotgivenVVVVVVVValbian4WandW)W0W@WFWKWMWOWSWTWWWaWeWfWhWiWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWWWWWWWWWWWWW W+WiWjWkWlWmWnWpWtWuWvWwWxWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW#W'W)W-W0W5W:W<WgWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgranitic'W)WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgranitoidWgranitoidrocksbiotiteandbiotite-hornblendegranodioriteVgranoblastic|WWWWWgranodiorite W W W WWWWWWWWWWW W(WDWFWGWHWIWJWOWPWSWTWUWVWWWZW\W`WdWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWUWgranodioriteplutonVgranodioriteplutonwrangelliaterraneUVgranodiorite-dioriteDWgrantz8WgranularWW WWOWXWWWWgranulated0Wgranule+W8W%ˆˆAJTrmBMcCarthy FormationC Early Jurassic and Late TriassicANamed by MacKevett (1963) for exposures in the Wrangell Mountains. Exposed in Bering Glacier D-2 quadrangle only along the south side of the Chitina River where it consists of a few hundred meters of consists mostly of dark-gray to black, calcareous carbonaceous shale and subordinate thin-bedded limestone containing numerous calcite veinlets. Formation contains minor asymmetric, north-verging tightly-appressed folds and is cut by numerous south-dipping faults roughly parallel to the ChitiBna Valley fault. Paleontologic evidence (cited in MacKevett, 1970a, b; 1971, p. 15, 29) documents Early Jurassic ages that range from Hettangian to Pliensbachian Stages; possibly the unfossiliferous lowermost parts of the unit are as old as latest Triassic.EPaleontologic evidence (cited in MacKevett, 1970a, b; 1971, p. 15, 29) documents Early Jurassic ages that range from Hettangian to Pliensbachian StagesGBG002H172]‰@DMassive greenstone, consisting of fine-grained epidote, chlorite, and altered feldspar with segregations of actinolite and occasional small phenocrysts of clinopyroxene. May be intrusive.GNB004H425INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7320‰AAPzsBQuartz mica schistCEarly(?) PaleozoicDTan, light-gray, and light-gray-green quartz-muscovite schist, quartz-muscovite-chlorite schist, dark-gray graphitic schist, and minor calcareous mica schist. Regionally metamorphosed (greenschist facies)GNB002H157INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7400‰BAPzpBKaskawulsh Group -- metasiltiteCDevonian and older(?)DTDark-reddish brown weathering, black massive meta-siltstone interbedded with marble.GMS002H89IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK7400‰CAQaBAlluvium in streamsCHolocene and PleistoceneDIncludes alluvium in active flood plains and in principal terraces of major and some minor streams. Chiefly stratified silt, sand, gravel, and boulders.GVA008H51IValdezJUnconsolidatedK105N1050‰DAQamostlybiotitetonaliteweaklyfoliatedsyn-dplutonsVmostlyendandlateralmorainesincludingsomegroundmorainVmostlyendandlateralmoraineslocallyinfrontofrockglaVToutwashrelatedtomainphaseofwisconsinglaciationsiltsVovertWcWWWTWoverlainBWWWWWWOWoverlie\WWoverliesWW|WoverlyingHWWWWWWWoverturnedWWWowenWoxidesWWoxidizedW W WtW{W}WWoxidizedbasalticbrecciasapparentlyfromoldcindercones{VoxyhornblendeWWpWWpackagewWpackstoneWpagoWpahoehoeWWWW~WpalagoniticWpalagonitizedWW6W@WWpalagonitizedair-falllapillituffandashandaccretionaryVpaleWWWWWWWpaleyellowishbrowntomoderateyellowishbrownpyroclasticVpaleocene*WpaleontologicWpaleosurfaceWWpaleovalley-fillingWpaleozoicW W WgWWpalogonitizedWpaludalWparagneissWWWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWbWdWWWWRV‡‡ACzabBOlivine basalt and andesiteCCenozoicDOlivine basalt and andesiteGGU002H114IGulkanaJIgneousK1000‡ATaB4Andesite flows; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverC Tertiary (?)DAndesite flowsGGU002H158IGulkanaJIgneousK1000‡ATifB1Felsic to intermediate hypabyssal intrusive rocksCTertiaryDDikes, sills, and small stocks, compositionally diverse, dacite predominates but rocks range from rhyodacite to quartz latite and andesite.FeK-Ar age of 47 and 52 Ma reported as well as numerous 40 to 50 Ma ages and some as young as Pliocene.GVA002H1011IValdezJIgneousK1011‡ATspBAndesite and basalt plugs(?)CTertiaryDDark, generally aphanitic, dense andesite and basalt rock masses contained within breccias of unit Tsb. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; ring fracture(?) related rocksGMC003H313IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATsfBAndesite flows and tephraCTertiarywsmall-scale8Wsmaller5W6WWW"W@WfWsmoothWsnider9Wso;WSWsodicaWsoft-sedimentWsole4WsolifluctionRWWsolifluctionandcreepsurfacesonhigh-levellow-gradientsVsome,W.W0W1W2W3WAWeWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWW~WWWWWWWWWW4WWWWWWWWWW)WCWDW~WsometimesWWsonyaWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWsorted4WKWNWOWTWVW\WpWWWWWWWWW'W+WWW:WWWWWWHWIW`WWWWWWWsoundWWsourceW WWWWWWW9W;WiWWeWfWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWsouth-centralWsouth-dippingWWW\ˆˆATrmBMarbleC Late TriassicDFine- to medium-grained calcite-rich marble, locally dolomitic, sometimes schitose or banded. Contact-metamorphosed Chritistone and Nizina Limestones, near granitic plutons of the Chitina Valley batholith.GMC002H33IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK4030MHFSˆATrnB Chitistone and Nizina LimestonesCLate and Middle TriassicAThe limestone is medium- to thick-bedded, white to medium gray, and commonly emits fetid odors when freshly broken. Undifferentiated Chitistone and Nizina limestones occur locally along the south side of the Chitina River in the D-2 quadrangle and between the Chitina and Logan glaciers in the D-1 quadrangle. Maximum aggregate thickness of the two formations in these areas is about 250 meters and both formations are characterized by marked lateral changes in thickness. Local minor to majoequaternary$%&W'W-1W2W3W47W8W9W:W;W<W=WAWBWCWDWEWHWLPWQWRWSWTWUWWXWYWZW[W\W]WbeWfWhWiWknWoWpqWrWsWtWuWvWyzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWJmixedSWW'WMWWWdWWWWUW^WmixingsWmmWWWmoderateWwWmoderate-sizeWWmoderatelyRWSWWWWWVW#WjWkWlWmW}Wmoderatelytohighlyporphyritictwo-pyroxenehigh-silicaanVmodificationWmodifiedWmodulesWmoffitWmoldedWmonotis-bearingWmonotonousWWmonzodioriteWWWWYWjWzWmonzonite!WEWFWGWHWJWKWOWSWVW]WWWWWWWW*Wmoonshine+WwW††AQgBDrift of older glaciationsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDChiefly diamicton, local gravel, and sand in end, lateral, and ground moreanie of Wisconsin and older glaciations. Locally includes kames, kame-like deposits, and outwash.GYA003H14IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQgBDrift of older glaciations CQuaternary, PleistoceneAEnd, lateral, and ground moraine of Wisconsin and older glaciations. Locally includes kame and kame-like deposits and outwash. The Chitina River valley includes glaciolacustrine deposits near the complex interface with glacial Lake Atna. Chiefly diamicton, local gravel and sandGGU003H321IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwm B!Drift of Wisconsin Age - MorainesCQuaternary, PleistoceneDKWell-defined lateral moraines of the late Wisconsin age. Chiefly diamictonGNB109H307INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwgB)Drift of Wisconsin Age - UndifferentiatedCQuaternary, Pleistocene thatlWmWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWQWSW]WA‰B Slope deposits, undifferentiatedCHolocene and PleistoceneDColluvium consisting of talus and small landslides, also includes small glacial, rock glacier, and alluvial deposits. Sand, gravel, boulders, diamicton, and rubbleGCV004H701ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070‰AQlBLandslide depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDVSlumps, earth-debris flows, block glides, and debris avalanches. Diamicton and rubbleGCV004H713ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK108N1080‰AQaoBOlder alluviumCHolocene and PleistoceneDIn higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGCV004H705ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090‰AQaoBOlder alluviumCHolocene and Pleistoceneareas W!W"W#W5W6WVWWWWWWWW/WcWWWWWW*WFWTWWareniteWargillicTWyWWWarkosicWWWWW3W4W8Warkosic-lithic5Warkosic-subordinate5WarmWaroundWWWWarrowWWarrowscWgWas W!W"W#WRWaWWWWWW+WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W8W<W>WashWWWWWW'W(W2Wash-flowWash-richWassemblage<WassocWassociatedWWWWW,WFWZW]WuWWWWWWWassociatedwithhigherlakelevelsduringthealaskanglaciaVassociationWassumed WatVWWWWWWWW)WlWWWWWWWWWWWW4WCWNW qtheWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W W WWWW W!W#W$W%W&W'W(W)W>WFWKWNWOWTWUWXWYWZW\W^W_WaWbWcWfWgWjWqWvWwWxWzW}WWWWWWW‰%‰&APPascBStation Creek FormationCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianAA volcanoclastics member, which grades from coarse volcanic breccia through volcanic graywacke to volcanilutite; Also a volcanic flow member, locally pillowed and brecciated, and includes altered lavas of andesites and basalts, and minor intercalated volcanoclastic rocks. Volcanoclastic member correlates with Early Permian Slana Spur Formation of Mankomen Group. Volcanic flow member correlates with parts of the Tetelna Volcanics in the Nabesna Quad. See also 5810 Permian(?) volcanic roBcks.GMC002H18IMcCarthyJIgneousK6120‰'APlPscBStation Creek FormationCPennsylvanian and PermianDChlorite-rich amygdaloidal andesitic lava flows and volcaniclastic rocks. Correlative with the Tetelna Volcanics in the Nabesna quadrangleGMC003H310IMcCarthyJIgneousK6120‰(APPasvcB/Station Creek Formation - Volcaniclastic memberC-Lower Permian, Early and Middle Pennsylvaniankg†DConstructional shoreline deposits of well-sorted gravel and sand formed as spits extending westward or northwestward from headlands and beaches consisting of successive sequences of marshes and ridges extending landward from the present shoreline.GBG002H115IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK115N1150†AQbB!Beaches, spits, and offshore barsCHoloceneDfBeaches, spits, and offshore bars -- Constructional shoreline deposits of well-sorted gravel and sand.GCV003H115ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK115N1150†AQbBBeachC QuaternaryDWave deposited sand and gravel.GMC004H412IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK115N1150†AQbBMarine shoreline depositsCHoloceneDvMainly sand and gravel of present and former beaches, beach ridges, beach bars and spits. Includes smaller sand dunesGYA002H7IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK115N1150†AQbBBeaches and spitsCHolocene†fINabesnaJUnconsolidatedK108N1080†gAQlsBLandslide depositsCHoloceneD‰‰APPasBSkolai Group, undividedCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianDLower late Paleozoic magmatic arc and associated upper sedimentary rocks. Equivalent to the Mankomen Group (Pe, Pel, and PPass) and the Tetelna Volcanics (PPat) in northern Wrangell Mountains and eastern Alaska RangeGMC006H433IMcCarthyJIgneousK5325‰APPasmB1Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989)CQJurassic(?), Triassic(?), Permian, Early Pennsylvanian, and Late Mississippian(?)ADominantly calcareous metasedimentary rocks, schist, phyllite, amphibolite, and marble; lesser quartzite, meta-andesite, and metabasalt in thin to thick thrust sheets containing local pods of the tectonically emplaced ultramafic rock and marble (PPam); overlying the gabbro and orthogneiss (Pago). Includes the Jurassic Uranatina Metaplutonic Complex and the Dadina Schist of Carboniferous and possibly older(?) age exposed near Mount Drum. Metamorphic grade increases closer to the Chitina VMdirectlyWdisarrayedWdisconformablyWWdiscontinuous~WWdiscontinuously=WdiscordantWWWdiscordanthypabyssalplutonsandrelateddikesatmtowenaVdiscrete<WdisplayjWkWlWmWdisplayingWdisrupted=Wnce WWWWdistantWWdistiguishingtWdistinct+WdistinctiveZWdistinguishedWWdistributary/WdistributedWWWWW W WW5WdiversemWWWWWW W WW*W<WdivideWdodds8WdomeW W9WAWGWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWYW_W`WbWWWWWWWWWWdome-3[Wdome-flowMWdomelike?WdomesWIWJWZW[W]W^W_WfWnWWWWWWWWdominaeWdominantWWWWWdominantlyWW W WW4Wdominantlyfinetomedium-grainedequigranulartoseriatehy V VVwrangelllavaandesiteandaciticandesitedomeuVwrangelllavaandesiteandbasaltscoria.Vwrangelllavaandesiteandbasalticandesiteflows VVtVwrangelllavaandesiteanddaciteflows8Vwrangelllavaandesitebreccia|VwrangelllavaandesiteflowsV7VwrangelllavaandesiteflowsflowbrecciasandvolcaniclastiwVwrangelllavabasaltVwrangelllavabasaltandandesitedikesxVwrangelllavabasaltandbasalticandesitebreccias{Vwrangelllavabasaltandbasalticandesiteflows VV}Vwrangelllavabasaltcindercones0VwrangelllavabasaltflowsyVwrangelllavabasalttuffVVxˆBows. Vesticles are usually filled with calcite and (or) chlorite. This unit is gradational into sheeted dikes on Glacier and Knight Islands and into mixed sedimentary and volcanic rocks elsewhere.GCV002H330ICordovaJIgneousK1135glideseWhWiWGWWgneiss$W-W|W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW^WgneissesWgneissicWWWWWWWYWjWzWWgneissoseyWW^WgniessicWgolden WgordonWgossanWWWgradationWWWWWgradationalWWWW$WGWJWWgradationallyWgrade>WtWuWvWWWWyWWgradedBWWWWWW4WjWkWlWmWWWWWWWW-WgradedsedimentaryrocksandconglomerateargillitegradingVWWgrayWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWW(W1W2W4W6W7W9W:W;W<W?WAWUWVWWWYWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWeWfWhWiWuWwWzW{W}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWrelsewhereWeoconuloidesWWWevidenceWWWWfauna5WW Wfaunal4WtˆˆAKagB)Haley Creek terrane -- metaplutonic rocksCmid-Cretaceous?AMetamorphosed complexly deformed and tectonically mixed plutonic and sedimentary rocks. Metaplutonic rocks are most abundant in southern part of the terrane and are compositionally diverse and weakly to strongly foliated. Although diorite and granodiorite are most abundant lithologies, compositions range from trondjhemite to hornblende gabbro and hornblendite. Amphibolite is is widespread within the metaplutonic rocks.FRK-Ar ages on hornblende range from 122 to 148 Ma. A muscovite age is 133 +/- 4 MaGVA002H2721IValdezJ MetamorphicK5245ˆAJagB!Uranatina River metaplutonic unitC!Jurassic and Middle PennsylvanianamphibolitegneissVMdifferentiatedcalc-alkalinelavaflowsofandesitebasalticzVdikegW3Wdike-like*WWdikesBWLWPWUW]W^WaWdWhWxW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW%WbWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W!W)W,Wdikesofhornblende-feldsparporphyryprobablyandesitetod%VdikessillsandsmallstockscompositionallydiversedaciteVdikessillsandsmallstocksofsilica-richsubvolcanicphasVdimensionWWdiopsideWWWWdioriteWWWW W$W)WHWJWSWTWZW[W\W]W^W_W`WdWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W/W5WUWYW^WjWzWdioritic WWWWWdipWdipsWWdirectioncWgWWWh‡DDark, aphanitic lava flows and interlayered lapilli tuffs that overlie fragmental rocks of unit Tsb. May include some basalt flows. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; ring fracture(?) related rocksGMC003H315IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATsbB$Andesite and basalt fragmental rocksCTertiaryAgDark volcanic breccias and agglomerates, all generally welded and minor mudflows that are locally palagonitized. Breccias contain clasts as much as 5 m in diameter; agglomerates contain round and spindle bombs as much as 1 m long. Aphanitic to locally sparsely porphyritic. Unit appears to form the base of the sequence of lava flows and tephra in unit TsfgGMC003H314IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATccBAndesite cinder conesCTertiaryDReddish, oxidized cinder and scoria. West of Sonya Creek, unit may include thin andesite flows. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; ring fracture(?) related rocksGMC003H300IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATwlBLavas of Wiki PeakYˆA0Lithologically diverse sequence of metasediementary and metavolcanic rocks. Mainly thin-bedded metapelite, tuffaceous metapelite, pelitic schist, and quartzofeldspathic schist with subordinate stretched pebble conglomerate, metachert, gray-weathering marble, and thinly laminated tuffaceous greenschist.0F#K-Ar recrystallization age of 65 MaGYA002H65IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2981†3D\Restricted to active flood plains. Chiefly sand and silt, some gravel; generally stratifiedGNB108H504INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†4AQalBAlluviumC QuaternaryDrUnconsolidated detritus, chiefly silt, sand, and gravel, that generally is poorly sorted and locally is imbricatedGMC100H101IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†5AQsBAlluvial and outwash depositsCHoloceneD{Mainly fluvial and fluvio-glacial gravel, sand, and mud. Includes smaller areas of talus, glacial, and lacustrine sedimentsGYA002H1IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†6AQsBAlluvial and outwash depositsCHoloceneD{Mainly fluvial and fluvio-glacial gravel, sand, and mud. Includes smaller areas of talus, glacial, and lacustrine sedimentsGMS002H1IMount Saint EliasJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†7AQaBAlluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneD~Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt, and boulders in higher terraces along larger streams and active alluvial fansGIB003H303IIcy BayJUnconsolidatedK105 ˆDLarger lenticular bodies to 300m thick of massive laumonite-rich lithofeldspathic to feldspatholitihic sandstone mainly within the flysch facies. Probably represent deep sea channel fills with andesitic volcanic detritus dominant in the lithic componentGYA002H53IYakutatJ SedimentaryK2951ˆAcB ConglomerateC Age not givenAvLarger lenses and beds of well rounded and sorted pebble and cobble conglomerate to 200m thick that are locally developed within both the flysch and melange facies. Includes abundant angular blocks of gray oolitic limestone containing chert nodules in Kys unit at Russell Fiord near Hidden Glacier and olistostrome deposits exhibiting soft-sediment deformation in Kyx unit.vGYA002H47IYakutatJ SedimentaryK2952ˆAgB GreenstoneC Age not given Bdirectly@ydissected@distal@divide@rdominantlysandstonefine-grainedfeldspathicgraywackeand@&dominate@driftdepositsmostlyonmoderatelysteepslopeschieflygro@Ydrum@drumlinoid@early@emplaced@eolian@werupted@escarpment@exhibits@yexposures@extensively@failure@feldspar-rich@hfeldspathic@Ffew@Pfine-grained@$fine-to@flow-banded@>flowsq3flowsareequivalenttotheolivineandesiteflowsunitqfm@flowsofdaciteandandesiterockismediumgraylocallyves@folds@form@formed@#fresh@front@^garnet-rich@8gentle@glaciers@glides@|grades@granitic@cgranules@gravel@bandedquartzofeldspathicgneiss@grayhyperstheneandesiteflowswithredscoriaceoustopsan@Qgrayrubble-covereddomerelationtoothervolcanicunitsis@"ˆNASerpentinized peridotite and dunite occur at three localities underlain by the Valdez Group: two of these are on the Resurrection Peninsula and the third is near the head of Port Fidalgo. On the Resurrection Peninsula small sparse inclusions of altered dunite are found in the gabbro unit. Blocks of serpentinite and serpentinized peridotite crop out within the interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocks unit. Their strongly shared margins suggest that these rocks have been tectonically eBmplaced. The third outcrop of ultramafic rocks is northeast of the head of Port Fidalgo. This outcrop consists of both banded and massive dark- to light-green serpentized dunite and peridotite. ultramafic rocksGCV002H553ICordovaJIgneousK2510shrubKWsideWWWWWsignificantWWsignificantlyWsilicaNWOWjWW Wsilica-richWsiliceousWWWW!WsiliciceousWsilicieous0WsiliciousWWsillimaniteWsillsBWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW-WsWWWWWWW W W<lavaflowspyroclasticdepositsandbrecciasundifferentiateVlavasWWWWW WBWXWkWqWrWsWzWWWWW&W)WOWlavasoftumblecreekandesiteandbasalticandesiteflowslrVlavasoftumblecreekdaciteflowsqVWlightWWWW(W2W7W9W:W?WAWVWWWXWYWZW[W\W^W_WfWlightgraymoderatelyporphyritichornblendedacitecontainiVVlightgrayporphyritichornblendedacitecontainingphenocryWVlightolive-graytogreenish-grayporphyriticcontainingpheXVlight-buffWlight-bufftolight-graydepositsoftuffandprobablyashfVlight-colored^Wlight-grayWW>WlignitemWlimestonemWlinearWlithic<WlobateWWWW:WlobesUWlocalZW[W]WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWW7W8WmWˆ~ˆAapB)SCHIST OF MOUNT AUGUSTA -- Pelitic schistC Cretaceous(?)AReddish-weathering, quartzofeldspathic pelitic schist; characteristic assemblages consist of plagioclase (An 15), biotite, and quartz with accessory magnetite and sulfides. Locally contains porphyroblasts of euhedral garnet and poikilitic staurolite. Occurs in a large fault-bounded block of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks metamorphosed to dominantly epidote-amphibolite facies assemblages that are in part doubly foliated. Inferred to be correlative with the Valdez Group metamorphiBbc rocks on basis of lithology, metamorphic grade, and structural style (Plafker and others, 1994).PFK-Ar dating of a biotite and hornblende pair in the adjacent Saint Elias quadrangle yields recrystallization ages of 17-23 m.y.GBG002H150IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAavB-SCHIST OF MOUNT AUGUSTA -- Amphibolite schistCCretaceous(?) and Jurassic(?)7weaklyWWW^WWW$WDWJWPWQWWWdWeWjWkWlWmWrWWWWWWWWW WWWUW]WweaklyconsolidatedpoorlysortedfluvioglacialdepositsglaVweaklyfoliatedtofoliatedgranodioritetoquartzdioritepVweaklyinduratedpebbletoboulderconglomerateandinterbedVweaklymetamorphoseddiversethinbeddedargillitewithless VweaklymetamorphosedlightlyalteredtholeiiticbasaltthatV]V~ˆAPortion of tectonic inclusion 10 by 15 km in McHugh Complex consisting of layered quartz gabbro, amphibolite, and orthogneiss. This unit consists of compositionally banded very mafic amphibolite to hornblende-biotie dioritic and quartz dioritic gneiss. Contains lenses of pyroxenite as much as 2 m across. Foliation of the rocks is swirled or tightly folded in many places and large hornblende or hornblende-plagioclase pods have grown in the hinges of many folds. Most of unit is likely ofB] Jurassic age but is known to contain at least locally Middle Pennsylvanian metagranodiorite.KFuLow-potassium hornblende yielded K-Ar age of 267 +/- 8 Ma (mid-Permian), thought to approximate time of metamorphism.GVA002H5245IValdezJ MetamorphicK52454amphibolite-dioriteWamphibolite-facies~WWWWWWVWyWamphibolite-faciesschistbandedgneissandmigmatiticgneis~VVamphibote-bearingpWqWamygdaloidalWWWWWW'W]W~WWamygdaloidalbasaltflowsseparatedlocallybyvolcaniclastiVamygdaloidaltholeiiticbasaltlavaflowsandminorassociatVamygdulesWWan WW@WMWWWWW&W/W0WWWWWfW}WWlˆ*AConsists of extensive serpentinized ultramafic rocks including dike-like bodies of rodingite, as well as blocks of layered gabbro, crossite schist, pillow basalt, marble, chert of probable Late Triassic or Early Jurassic age, and diverse metamorphosed and virtually unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks, including conglomerate that resembles lithologies within the Ckickaloon Formation of Paleocene age.GVA002H1710IValdezJ TectoniteK1790<prevailingWWprimarily+WW@W Wprimarilyconsistsofdenseharddark-graysiltstonewheresVprimarilywell-sortedstratifiedgravelandsanddepositedb+VprimaryWW;WcWiWjWkWlWmWWSWTW_WWprincipal0WZW[W]WXWWCWDWFWprincipallyW3WprincipallycomplexesofendwithsomelateralmorainesinclVprincipallyshallowmarineand/orterrestrialinoriginthe3VpristineWprobableWWW*WeWfWnWWWWprobablyoWWWWWWWW WWWWWW)W6W8W@W_W~WWWWWWWWWWWW%W+W:W?WwWyWzWWWWWeWnWoW W!W"W#WWrelatedoWWWW WrelativelyWWrelicsWremnantWrepresentWrestricted3WWrestrictedtoactivefloodplainschieflysandandsiltsome3VF‰D+Biotite-hornblende granite and granodioriteGGU002H147IGulkanaJIgneousK5871‰AJTrdBHornblende-rich dioriteCJurassic and TriassicANPart of "diorite complex." Hornblende diorite with subordinate hornblende granodiorite, hornblende-biotite quartz monzonite, biotite quartz monzonite, hornblende diorite gneiss, clinopyroxene-hornblende gneiss, hypersthene-hornblende gneiss, and amphibolite with subordinate syenite-monzonite gneiss. Amphibolite-facies metamorphismNFXK-Ar dates of Middle Jurassic for plutonic rocks and Late Triassic for metamorphic rocksGNB002H143INabesnaJ MetamorphicK5880‰AMzaB AnorthositeCMesozoicDPart of "diorite complex." Medium- to coarse-grained bytownite anorthosite with hypidiomorphic to allotriomorphic texture. Diopside pyroxene and gabbro pegmatiteFXK-Ar dates of Middle Jurassic for plutonic rocks and Late Triassic for metamorphic rocksGNB002H146INabesnaJIgneousK5880‰APPaBDiorite ComplexCPermian and PennsylvanianM(eoceneandpaleoceneVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV#VgivenWWWWWWWWWguadalupian W Whauterivian5W:WxgˆAPillow breccia and massive flows are subordinate in quantity to pillow basalt. Minor intercalated sedimentary rocks are predominantly siliceous mudstone and argillite. Interpillow material consists of silicious mudstone, sandstone, or carbonate rocks. Pillow basalts are porphyritic and have phenocrysts of plagioclase and clinopyroxene; olivine is present but not abundant. Altered brown-colored volcanic glass makes up much of the matrix especially in the outer parts of pillows. VesticlBes are usually filled with calcite and (or) chlorite. This unit is gradational into sheeted dikes on Glacier and Knight Islands and into mixed sedimentary and volcanic rocks elsewhere.GCV002H330ICordovaJIgneousK1136paleontologicevidencecitedinmackevett1970ab1971p15VpaleontologicalWpartsWparvulusWWWpelecypodWWW5WjWkWlWmWWˆ&DBaultoff Creek region is highly altered chlorite, carbonate mineral, and zoisite matrix with plagioclase phenocrysts. Chisana region is an andesite porphyry with plagioclase phenocrysts. May be a hypabyssal equivalent to the Chisana FormationGNB002H127INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆ'ATKgBFelsic granitic rocksCTertiary and CretaceousDFelsic granitic rocksGMS002H41IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1655ˆ(ATKgBGraphic granodioriteCTertiary or CretaceousDBHornblende granodiorite with graphic quartz and potassium feldsparGNB002H128INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆ)ATKdBDiorite (undifferentiated)CTertiary and CretaceousDPorphyritic to eqyigranular granitic intrusives that are predominantly augite-hornblende diorite, equigranular hornblende diorite, augite-olivine syenodiorite, and augite bearing noriteGNB002H129INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆ*ATKmBOrca Group -- melangeCTertiary or Cretaceous‡~‡AQTwB1Older volcanic and sedimentary rocks - Lava flowsC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDChiefly andesite and dacite. Includes the sedimentary non-marine Frederika Formation that occurs locally at the base of the Wrangell volcanic field in the southern Wrangell MountainsGNB007H719INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡AQTiBIntrusive rocksCPleistocene and Pliocene (?)DIntrusive rocksGVA002H460IValdezJIgneousK460N4600‡AQbpBPlugC PleistoceneDFSmall plug of olivine-bearing, sparsely porphyritic basaltic andesite.GNB008H831INabesnaJIgneousK463N4630‡AQTaiBAndesite dikesCPleistocene or PlioceneDAndesite dikes GNB008H837INabesnaJIgneousK463N4630‡AQTwrB'Wrangell Lava (rhyodacite and rhyolite)CQuaternary and TertiaryDRhyodacite and rhyolite domes, associated, nuee ardente and air-fall deposits (both locallized), local mudflow and tillite (?) deposits, and pumice lapilli tuffGNB002H114INabesnaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQnigmaximummWWWW%Wmay W!W"W#WWW\WeWmWqWrWWWWWWWWW+WtWuWwWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&WtWuWvWWWWWWW@WHWIWQWWWWWmccarthy8WWWWWWmchugh>WWWWxWmeasuredWWWWWW%Wmedial<WmediumWWWWW WWW7W:W;WZW\W]WeWzWWWWWWWWW!W#W:W>WKWOWWWaWbWxW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWmediumbeddedwithoccasionalycross-beddingrocksconsisto:Vmediumdark-graytoblackvesicularflowschieflyoftwo-pyrVticbiotitequartzmonzonit!Vmediumtothickaugite-hypersthene-oandesiteflowsfromloc7Vmedium-bedded?WVlateandmiddlejurassicVlateandmiddletriassicV~VlateandormiddletriassicVVVVVVlatecretaceous,V.VCVNVeVfVhViVjVkVlVmVnVoVpVqVrVsVtVuVvVwVxVyVzV|V}V~VVVVVVVVVVVVyVknownWWWWkotsinaWkulthiethWWWWkvxWkvsfWkysWkyxWlabradoritewWWlaccolithsdWlacedWlacksW^WWWWW#Wlacustrinedeposits{V|VVlagoonalWlagoonaldeposits--fine-grainsiltrichinorganicmaterialVlagoonszW}W~Wlahars6WCWrWWWWlainWlake+WWWWWWWWWWWWWW WlakeswWxWWlaminaeWlaminatedWWWWWWWWlaminationsjWkWlWmWlamprophyreWlandslide W!W"W#W^WbWdWeWlandslidedeposits^VbVlandslidedepositsofalltypesincludingslumpsblockglideeVlandslidesW%WHWKWMWOWRWWW`WcWgWWWWWWlandslidesunsortedangularrockdebrisderivedbyfailureo`VlandwardWWlapilliWWWW0W2WWWWWWcinderconesandassociatedflows,Vcinderconesflowsandtuffs/V3ViVclastic8WWclasticsedimentaryrocks8Vcliff-headWclinopyroxeneWWcoarse-grained2WCWcolluvialFWGWNWPWQWRWSWTW^WdWfWW.‰fF0Whole rock K/Ar age of 342 ka from a scoria bombGVA006H6045IValdezJIgneousK314N3140‰gAPPasBSkolai Group, undividedCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianDLower late Paleozoic magmatic arc and associated upper sedimentary rocks. Equivalent to the Mankomen Group (Pe, Pel, and PPass) and the Tetelna Volcanics (PPat) in northern Wrangell Mountains and eastern Alaska RangeGVA006H6039IValdezJ MetamorphicK5625‰hB Not mappedD Not mappedGYA002H98IYakutatK98‰iAQbcBCinder cones, flows, and tuffsCQuarternary, PleistoceneD$Olivine basalt and basaltic andesiteGGU003H3110IGulkanaJIgneousK320N3200‰jAJcBChitina Valley batholithC Late Jurassic5†JUnconsolidatedK118N1180†AQmeBMineral spring depositsC QuaternaryD Chiefly mudGMC004H409IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK118N1180†AQsmB'Mineral spring and mud volcano depositsC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneAUpper Klawasi Mud Volcano cone. Chiefly silt and clay deposited by mud-rich, relatively warm Na-Cl-HCO3 springs; includes some glacial drift deposits@A> g h >GGU101H122IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK118N1180†AQmsBMineral spring deposits CQuaternary, HoloceneAQChiefly mud (clayey silt) deposited by warm, Na-HCO3-rich saline water charged with CO2 from 3 active springs (Klawasi mud volcanoes) west of Mt. Drum and at least one inactive spring west of Capital Mountain. Unit also includes the Copper Center spring, a methane-charged spring, on the east bank of the Copper River near Copper CenterQGGU003H331IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK118N1180†AQeBEolian depositsu‡~AKChiefly flows of andesite, basaltic andesite, and basalt interbedded with a variety of pyroclastic deposits, volcanic mud flow deposits, and probably some volcano-glacial deposits. Rocks are locally altered to chlorite and clay. Sources from a number of poorly defined and covered older eruptive centers. Abundant andesite dikesKFQK-Ar from correlative volcanic strata in B-5 suggest an age apan of 1.0 to 2.5 myGNB109H335INabesnaJIgneousK455MALTN4550‰Btaceous plutons. Has been thought to metamorphosed equivalent of the Strelna Formation or the Skolai Group, however it lacks any meta-limestone as would be expected for the Skolai Group. Unit is also similar to Triassic and Jurassic diorite complex of the Nabesna quadrangle.FLK-Ar age on hornblende from metagabbro of 152 +/- 6 Ma; thought to be reset.GVA002H5920IValdezJ MetamorphicK5920‰DThermally altered, weakly foliated, Mankomen Group. Wollaston-, diopside-, and garnet-bearing marble, calcareous metasiltstone and metasandstone, and pyroxene and hornblende hornfelsGNB002H121INabesnaJ MetamorphicK5940MHFS‰ APmBMankomen GroupC Lower PermianAArgillite with subordinate interbedded calcareous siltstone and grit. Alternating beds of argillite and siltstone, grading to silty limestone showing a ribbon-like appearance in the upper strata. Locally intruded by gabbro dikes and sills of Triassic ageEACephlapods, brachiopods, and corals indicate an Early Permian ageGNB108H544INabesnaJ SedimentaryK5940‰!APeBEagle Creek FormationC Early PermianAPart of Mankomen Group. Thin-bedded argillite and siliceous siltstone, with interbedded of calcereous siltstone and sandstone, biomicritic limestone, and a pebble to cobble conglomerate. Gabbroic dikes and sills. Equivalent to parts of the Cache Creek Group and the Skolai Group‰dDMulti-colored, voluminous debris avalanche deposit containing megablocks of both porphyritic and aphanitic andesite lava, hydrothermally altered lava, volcanic breccia, pyroclastic flow deposits, lacustrine sediments, and glacial deposits.GVA008H65IValdezJIgneousK312N3120‰eAQvdBVolcanic debris flowC PleistoceneDChetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, probably sourced from Mount Drum, exposed along Chetaslina and Copper Rivers; Sanford volcanic debris flow exposed along Sanford and Copper Rivers. Large blocks of lava and varied debrisGVA006H6019IValdezJIgneousK312N3120‰fAQpfBPyroclastic flowsC PleistoceneAHThe extensive informally named Nadina hot avalanche deposit resulting from Mount Drum's cataclysmic eruption and a smaller pyroclastic flow (0.3 Ma) possibly derived during an explosive episode from Mount Drum deposited at Chetaslina River's two forks. Abundant bombs, scoria, pumice, and ash; lesser andesite and dacite blocksH4 andWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWWWWWWW!W"W#W$W%W'W(W)W+W,W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W9W:W;W<W>W?W@WAWBWCWFWKWMWOWSWUWVWWWXWYWZW[W\W]W^W`WaWbWdWeWfWgWhWiWkWlWmWnWoWrWtWvWwWxWyWzW{W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWpiles W:Wpillars+WpillowWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*WnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWW)W~WpillowbasaltmassivebasaltflowsminorvolcanicbrecciainVpillowbrecciaandmassiveflowsaresubordinateinquantityVpillowedWWWWWWWWWWW=W&WxWWWWWWpink^WWWWpink-grayWpink-weatheringWWpinkish(W9W:W?WaWpinkish-grayWpinnacleWpittedWplacesWWWWWWW7W8WjWkWlWmWnWWWWW#WplafkerWWWW=WWWWYWjWplagioclaseWWW W6W8WVWWWXWeWfWuWwWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W&WKWXWYWaWbWWWWWWplagioclase-richeWI‡‡ATosvB>Orca Group -- Interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocksCEocene (?) and PaleoceneAORCA GROUP: Unit consists of locally variable amounts of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. In some cases unit is marginal to thicker sequences composed of pillowed and massive basalt flows. The lithologies are quite variable throughout the study area. In Ragged mountains volcaniclastic and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks are abundant, and pillow basalt is rare. These rocks are typically metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies and on Knight Island they have been converted toB] a hard hornfels by the abundant sills(?). Interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocksKEForaminifers: Globigerina or Subbotina; Globigerina sp. (?) Globorotalia sp.; Globigerina cf. G. senni, Globorotalia sp., ?Eoconuloides parvulus, Globigerina sp. (high spired), Globigerina sp. (hispid)GBG003H332IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK951MHFS‡ATops‡‡ATosBOrca Group, turbiditesC)Tertiary, early Eocene and late PaleoceneDDMudstone to sandstone, locally fossiliferous submarine gravity flowsGBG004H315IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK951‡ATocB-Orca Group -- Conglomeratic sedimentary rocksCPaleocene and Eocene?AVery poorly bedded conglomeratic sandstone and argillite mantle the tops of volcanic sequences. Conglomeratic rocks are very poorly sorted; clasts vary in size from granules to boulders and are supported by matrix. Basal parts of conglomeratic frequently contain angular to partly rounded clasts of basalt identical to substrate. Gradationally upward, the conglomeratic strata contain fewer volcanic clasts, but all other clasts are of lithologies that may be intrabasinal, in contrast to otB)her conglomeratic beds in the Orca Group.GVA002H952IValdezJ SedimentaryK952‡ATocBOrca Group: ConglomerateCEocene and PaleocenecÃD%`ÃD`BÃQ-ÃQ /;kÃQ0?[yÃQ@LuÃQPbÃQ`dÃQpNÃQlÃQÃQÃR$ÃR ÃR0ÃR@lÃRPтzÃR`҂ÃRp낉rÃR,{ÃR%ÃR_ÃSJnÃS KÃS0=ÃS@>xÃSP3ÃS`@ÃSp}ÃSsÃSmÃTpÃT |YÃaP3ȂÃa`CÃapDÃaoÃafÃaTÃbɂjklÃb iÃb0‚Ãb@ÃbPÃb`.sÃbp7Ãb ÃbÃb Ãc8Ãc iÃc0Ãc@ÃcPÃc`tÃcpuÃcvÃcwÃcxÃd+Ãd Ãd0Ãd@ÃdPÃd`yÃdpÃdXÃdAÃdÃeÃe Ãe0Ãe@ÃeP Ãe`-Ãf@CNÃfPpqÃf`oÃh0Ãj ÃqyÃqÃrÃr tuà iÃ@=Ã`Ã~Ãà vÃ@Ã`]ÃÃÃÃ3à EÃ0Ã@ÃPjÃ`ÃpÃbÃkÃc+}nadinaeWnW)WfWnamedWWWLWMWfWWnamedbymackevett1963forexposuresinthewrangellmountaVnarrow=WWneWnearnWWWWWWWWzWWWWW#W8WCWNWhWpWqWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWKWbWWnear-shore:WFvaldezgroupundifferentiatedmetavolcanicandmetasedimentaVVvalleyW(WWWWWWWWYWjWzWvalley-fillWvolcanicSWWWWWWW#W$W%W&W'W(W*W+WCWDWGWHWIWJWKWTWUWdWgWjWoWpWWW1levelsBWWWlherzoliteWlightWWWW(W2W7W9W:W?WAWVWWWXWYWZW[W\W^W_WfWWWWWWWWWW:W~WWWWWWWWW"W\WlightgraymoderatelyporphyritichornblendedacitecontainiVVlightgrayporphyritichornblendedacitecontainingphenocryWVlightgraytobuffmassiverockswithsmallphenocrystsofpVlightolive-graytogreenish-grayporphyriticcontainingpheXVlighttomedium-graylimestoneofdiversetexturalvarietiesV\Vlight-buffWlight-bufftolight-graydepositsoftuffandprobablyashfVlight-colored^WWWWWWWWWWlight-coloredcrystal-poorflow-bandedrhyoliterockcontainVtWWWtabulate.W0W1Wtabulatehorncoralssuggestadevonianage0Vterrestrial3Wthat1WWtheW3W4W5W:WWWWW Wthepelecypodsofthegenusaucellinarepresentstheoldero4VtoW+W-W<WWWWWW WtriaconthaWWWtriassic<WWWWtrinacriaWWWtropitesWWtwo4Wtypical WulrichijWkWlWmWundiagnosticWundiagnosticcomminutedremainsofechinoidsandgastropodsVunfossiliferousWunfossiliferousinthemccarthyquadrangletothenorthdiagVunnamed7Wunnamedcallovianfossils7Vcv003J`Ă˂#cv005&X{Ȃcv006'Y|ɂgu002*Gj &*,GHIJKdgopςЂ2gu003:Zht}ʂ $%)/`.gu004;[uydissectedlW^W_Wdissectedhornblenderhyodacitedomeprobablyrelatedinage_VdisseminatedWWWdisseminationsWWWdistantWWdistiguishingtWdistinct+WdistinctiveZWdistinguishedWWcWtWuWvWdistributary/WdistributedWWWWW W WW5WdiversemWWWWWW W WW*W<W?WdWWWWWdivideWdoWdocumentsWdodds8WdomeW W9WAWGWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWYW_W`WbWWWWWWWWWWdome-3[Wdome-flowMWdomelike?WdomesWIWJWZW[W]W^W_WfWnWWWWWWWWdominaeWdominancecWdominantWWWWWdWWWdominantlyWW W WW4W>WAWnW}WWWWWWdominantlyfinetomedium-grainedequigranulartoseriatehy V VV#OdepositsWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W#W&W'W(W2W6WFW~WWWWW/WWWWWWEWFWHWIWKWNWOWRW`WbWdWsWtWuWWWWWWWWZW†B1Younger end, ground, and lateral moraine depositsCHoloceneDMainly till, but locally includes lacustrine and glaciofluvial deposits. Arrow indicates direction of ice movement as inferred from trend of elongate trenches and ridges. Advance of Hubbard Glacier culminated in Yakutat Bay between 1700 and 1791 A.D.GMS002H11IMount Saint EliasJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagBDrift of Alaskan glaciationCHoloceneDEnd, lateral, and ground moraine of the Alaskan glaciations which were deposited during the recession of existing glaciers. Diamicton and rubble; local gravel and sand.GNB008H805INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQamBDrift of the Alaskan GlaciationCHoloceneD=Drift of the Alaskan Glaciation Chiefly rubble and diamicton.GNB004H403INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagBDrift of Alaskan glaciationCHolocene(impuremW+W1W:WWWWWW$W{WimpurelimestonewackestoneandsubordinatelimemudstoneinVWQW\WeWkWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWW"W+W.W2W6WSWVWWWXW_WeWfWiWlWmWuWwWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWWWWW W%W+W-W/W1W3W4W7W8W:W<W=W?WCWKWNWbWcWdWhWjWkWlWmWnWpWqWfˆmB+Valdez Group: Sedimentary rocks, undividedCLate CretaceousAVALDEZ GROUP: Thick sequences of deformed and metamorphosed flysch consisting of metasandstone, metasiltstone, argillite, slate, and phyllite, with rare beds of conglomerate and pebbly argillite. In many places primary internal sedimentary structures, consisting of graded bedding, cross laminations, and convolute bedding are preserved. All sedimentary rocks studied contain metamorphic biotite. The sandstones display a moderately developed semischistose texture that has abundant randomlBy oriented interstitial biotite and less abundant weakly aligned biotite. Sandstones range from lithic to feldspatholithic in composition. Samples become less lithic-rich and more feldspar- and quartz-rich from west to east.ERPelecypod: Inoceramus kusiroensis, Inoceramus ulrichi, and Inoceramya concentricaF5K/Ar date on biotite semischist of 51.5 + or - 1.5 MaGVA003H6510IValdezJ SedimentaryK2700ˆnAKvvmCtrml҂trn؂傈悈炈肈ꂈ낈삈킉]~trng邈trnztrnzmtrptrrtrttrtlтtstsatsbtsdtsftsltsmtsptsq!tsutt tvtvutwstutwltwryellow&'1981[W1989WWactivealluvium-Vactivecliff-headdunedepositsVageWWWWWagglutinateW<WWagglutinatesiWWahtellWWWahtellplutonVVValaskanWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValexanderWalluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWCWDWHW metamorphosedclinopyroxenebasaltVmetamorphosedcomplexlydeformedandtectonicallymixedplutdVVUVmetamorphosedhornblendeandesiteVmetamorphosedpeliticandcalc-schistVmetamorphosedplutonicrocksmostlyti2plutonswithinthegVVmetapelitedWhWxWWWWUWmetapelitic>WcWTWmetaplutonicdWWW%WUWWmetapsammitedWUWmetasandstoneiWjWkWlWmWnWoWWmetasediementaryWmetasedimentarycWdWfWnWoWyWWWWWWWWWWW7W9WTWUWWmetasedimentaryandmetavolcanicrocksdominantlyinterlayerV7V9V3olderalluviumkVlVmVpVqVrVsVtVuVvVVHVIVVVVVolderandesitesandbasalticandesitesundividedVolderendgroundandlateralmorainedepositsVolderglacialdepositsVolderglacialmoraineVolderglaciationdepositsVolderporphyry&VoldervolcanicandsedimentaryrocksdomesandintrusiverocVVoldervolcanicandsedimentaryrocksicefieldflowsjVoldervolcanicandsedimentaryrockslavaflowsVolderwisconsinglaciationdepositsVolivineWWolivinebasaltandandesiteVolivine-bearing;WonWcWfWTWorWorcaWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W_WorcagroupconglomerateVVVVorcagroupconglomeraticsedimentaryrocksVorcagroupinterbeddedsedimentaryandmaficvolcanicrocksVVVWeW‡BOrca Group: ConglomerateCEocene (?) and PaleoceneAORCA GROUP: Ranges from matrix-supported pebbly mudstone and sandstone to massive clast-supported pebble, cobble, and boulder conglomerate. The generally well-rounded clasts consist of various lithologies that have locally predominant types as follows: greenstone, sandstone, argillite, and limestone; felsic porphyry and tuff, granite, and sandstone; felsic tuff and porphyry; white quartz, felsic porphyry, and argillite; sandstone and siltstone. The conglomerates usually occur as lensesB 300-700 ft thick within flyschoid rocks. The matrix-supported conglomerates and pebbly mudstones may have been formed by sub-marine landslides on unstable slopes.E;Crab: Branchioplax washingtoniana Pelecypod: Acila decisaGCV002H270ICordovaJ SedimentaryK952‡ATocBOrca Group: ConglomerateCEocene (?) and Paleocene@‡DpPale yellowish brown to moderate yellowish brown pyroclastic flow containing abundant bombs, scoria, and pumice.F0Whole rock K/Ar age of 342 ka from a scoria bombGVA007H27IValdezJIgneousK314N3140‡AQhtB$Ho-Hum dome complex -- Dacite tephraC PleistoceneD#Ho-Hum dome complex. Dacite tephraGNB008H824INabesnaJIgneousK311N3110‡AQbtBTuffC PleistoceneDKChiefly palagonitized air-fall lapilli tuff, accretionaly lapilli, and ash.GNB008H834INabesnaJIgneousK311N3110‡AQwpB;Flow and pyroclastic rocks from Mt. Wrangell - tuff and ashCQuaternary, PleistoceneD@Light-buff to light-gray deposits of tuff and probably ash flowsGGU101H142IGulkanaJIgneousK311N3110‡AQafpB:Ash flow and pumice deposits from Mt. Wrangell or Mt. DrumCQuaternary, PleistocenexUprovided WprovincemWproximalWWWRWWpryoclasticWpsammiticW^WptarmiganWW WpumiceWW'W(WWWfWpumiceous2WWpyriteWWWWWWpyriticWWWWWWpyroclasitcWpyroclasticWWWW#W)WtW~WWWWWWWWdWfWpyroxeneUWlWWWpyroxeniteWWXWZWpyrrhotiteWpzmWpzsWqbcWWqbtWqcrZW[W]WWFWbWqcu?WEWqdaaWqdac<Wqdd3WGZ igneous "#$%'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ǂςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႇ₇ょ䂇傇悇炇肇邇ꂇ낇삇킇 #fform W!W"W#WWWW+W0W:WWWWsWxWformationmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&W*W+W0W1W2W9W:W=WWWWWWWWWWW W W WW$W&W,W^WqWWformationsW WwWtsUWW"W@WvWfrederikamWWfreshfWW WeW{Wfresh-appearing(Wfrom W!W"W#W?WAWBWEWHWPWSWjWnWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWW W(W)W.W4W7W9WAWXWfWlWmWtW{W~WWWWWWWWWWfrontWWftWWWWgyWgabbroic6WgallonsWWWgeneral9Wgenerally2W3W4W@WOWpWWWWW6W[W]WWWWWgenerallyassociatedwithrhyoliteandrhyodacitedomesall]VgeneticallyW|ApermianWWWWWWW W W WBU~occursWWW>WWWWW WFWoccursalonghighsteepbluffsofthecopperriveranditspFVoceanicW=WWW[WxWodorsWofW W!W"W#W%W(W,W.W/W0W1W2W5W6W<WAWBWDWHWKWMWOWPWRWSWVWZW[W\W]W_W`WaWeWnWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/ˆrAMafic metatuff and minor massive or weakly foliated greenstone having rarely preserved vague pillow shapes. Lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Most of these metavolcanic rocks are schistose and the metavolcanic are often the loci of intense deformation in the Valdez Group.FSK-Ar whole-rock age on metatuff of 53.5 +/- 1.6 Ma is thought to date matamorphism.GVA002H2705IValdezJ MetamorphicK2705|pleistoceneW)W0W@WFWKWMWOWSWTWWWaWeWfWhWiWjmqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWW΂ςт҂ӂԂՂւWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW肆WWWWWWWW W W W W WWWWWWWWWWWWWW!W"#$W%W&'(W)W*+W,-.W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWCDEWGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYWZW[W\W]W^W_W`WaWbWcWdefghiWjWkWopWqWrWtWuWvWwWxWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW~yellowWWyellowishWzWW Wyielding<Wyields<WyoundfWyoundfreshdebrisavalancheschieflycoarserubblydiamictofVyoungAWdWWWW<WYWjWzWyoungerBWWWWWMWtWuWWWWWWyukon WzeoliteWWWWWWWiWWzeolitized0Wzoisite&WzoneWzonesvWW WWWWzonesofbright-redbrecciaandbombfragmentsnotopographivV15W1970aW1971W1973gW1978W29W30-WamWWWWWWWWWWWWW0WabundantWWWWWWWWW+W-W.W3W:WWWWW W W!W{W|Wdicateanagespanfromlatealbiantoma+VabundantfossilsindicateanagespanfrompliensbachiantoVacilaWWWagemW+W3W8WgWWWWWWWWWWnnabesnac-5VVabundantalgal-matchipsandstromatolitesVabundantanddominantinocerimusaswellaspinnasimbirskit:Vabundantcrinoidandcoralfragments Vabundantcrinoidcolumnalsandlesserbrachiopodsbryozoans Vabundantfossilsindicateanagespanfromlatealbiantoma+VabundantfossilsindicateanagespanfrompliensbachiantoVacilaWWWagemW+W3W8WgWWWWWWWWWWWW W W0W1W ?andW W WWWWWWWWWWWW$W&W'W(W*W,W-W0W2W3W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W>W@WBWCWDWEWFWHWJWKWWW\W]W_W`WgWmWwWxW{W~WWWWWWWWWWWYamount@'basaltictoandesiticplugsanddikesVVbasinWWbatholithWWWWWWWYWjWzWbeachWWbeachanddeltadepositsVVbeachesWWWbeachesandspitsVVbeachesspitsandoffshorebarsVberg6W:Wbergcreekformation6V:Vbernard;WSWbernardcreekterranedeletednowmchughcomplex;VSVbetween6W7W8W9Wbiotite Wbiotite-epidoteWbiotite-epidotegraniteVbiotite-hornblendeWWbiotite-hornblendegranodioriteVblockWblueschistWbluffLWZW[W]WFWbluffcolluviumLVZV[V]VFVbluffsQWbodies\WborderRW6W7W8W9WborderofantlercreekplutonRVboulderWbrabazonWbrecciaW|WWWbrecciasW6WfWwW{W~WWbrecia@WbuckZWbuckcreekplutonZVcairnHWJWcalc-schistWcalcschist1WcapeW fbrachiopodsW W W W!W"W*WWWbrachiopodsandcephalopods*VbranchioplaxWWWbrewericeras1W3Wbryozoan!Wbryozoans W W"WbuchiaWWWbuchiaindicatelatejurassicandearlycretaceousageVbuchiapelecypodindicatinglatejurassicageVbut8WbygWWc-5WWc-75WcalcareousWcallovian7WcarbonizedWcenomanian<Wcephalopods!W*Wcephlapods Wcephlapodsbrachiopodsandcoralsindicateanearlypermian VcfWWWWWWchert<WchipsWchitistoneWWchitistonetropitesindicateakarnianagenizinaammonitesVcitedWclarkgWcm-WcollectedeWcollectionsWcolumnals WcomminutedWWconcentricajWkWlWmWconstrictaWWWcontainW~‡AILocally extensive 2-pyroxene andesite agglutinates as much as 30 m thick. Rock contains lithic clasts and, locally, streaks of glassy fiamme. Unlike the associated columnar-jointed flows (Tbpa), the agglutinates are only sparsely porphyritic. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek shield volcano; border volcanic and volcaniclastic rocksIGMC003H210IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040 % Ä5IJKÄ5LÄ6!MNrIÃ"IڂIЂÃ#_ۂJ₈Ã# GÃ#0* !Ã#@ꂆ Ã#P낇H(Ã#`킇K)*Ã#p(Ã#Yo&Ã#9d(Ã#Zg)Ã$[PÃ$ 4ZÃ$0:[Ã$@;TÃ$P5YÃ$`\aÃ$p]\Ã$^U]Ã$_QÃ$ARÃ%J6SÃ% Â^Ã%0hÃ%@xÃ%P~NÃQlÃQÃQÃR$ÃR ÃR0Ãa {|Ãa0&'Ãa@2XYÃaP3Ãa`CÃapDÃaoÃafÃaTÃbÃb Ãb0Ãb@ÃbPà iÃ@=Ã`Ã~Ãà vÃ@Ã`]ÃÃ0à .Ã0>Ã@MÃPÃ`ÃpÃÃÃÃà Ã@ÃPÃpÃ0Ã`Är# bay7WqWWWWWWWbering!W+W8WHWIWWW_WrWzWWWWWWWWWAslopeWWWWWslopedepositsundifferentiatedWVVVVslope-washHWslope-washdepositsHVsmall\Wsnag!Wsnagcreekpluton!Vsnider9WYWsolifluctionWWWsolifluctionandolderglacialdepositsVsolifluctiondepositsVspitsWWWspringWWWWKWspurWWstation&W'W(W)WWstationcreekformation&V'VVstationcreekformationvolcanicflowmember)VWWstillwaterformationVVVVstocksWstocksandplugswrangelliaterraneVstockworkWstream2W3Wstreams,W.W0WstrelnaWW%WstrelnametamorphiccomplexVstrelnametamorphicsmarble%VstrelnametamorphicsmetasedimentaryandmetavolcanicrocksVsummitWsuperglacialWWsuperglacialdriftVVsupraglacialWWWWWsupraglacialdepositsVVsupraglacialmoraineVVVy>nearbyeW6WnearlyxWWWWWW;WsWWSWnelchina:WXWZWneocomian1W8WneoglacialWRWWneoglacialdepositsofendlateralandgroundmoraineskamesRVVneomineralization;WSWneritic}WnichawakWWnicholsOWnikolai4WXWWWWWWnikolaigreenstoneVnizinaWWWWWWW\W}WnovWWWWW3WWWW^WnodulesWWWW\Wnon-foliatedKWWnon-marineWWnon-sortedWnondescriptWnonfoliate Wnonfoliatefinetomedium-grainedhypidiomorphicgranularro VnonfoliatedWnonglacialW W!W"W#W+WnonmarineWWWWWnonporphyriticxWnorite)WnormalWWWWhWobsidianWobviouslyWoccasionalWWWoccupiedWoccurWWWWWWWWWWWWoccurrenceWWWˆALeucocratic dikes, sills, and small stocks that are not obviously connected to large intrusive bodies are found throughout the Valdez Group flysch and locally in Orca Group flysch. They are usually prophyyritic with fine- to medium-grained phenocrysts of plagioclase and occasional hornblende. The groundmass is usually a very fine-grained, sometimes felted mat of felsic minerals. Extensive secondary sericite and calcite often replace the felsic minerals; the scarce mafic minerals are almBost completely altered to chlorite. Dacitic compositions dominae but more rhyolitic compositions can also be found. In Orca Group generally contain quartz and plagioclase phenocrysts in an alkali feldspar-rich fine-grained groundmass.FhFive K/Ar dates (three whole rock and two muscovite) ranging from 43.6 + or - 1.6 to 54.8 + or - 2.7 Ma.GVA003H6455IValdezJIgneousK1301volcanicWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWpWqWWW)WdWeWnWoWqWrWsWtWuWvolcanicandvolcaniclasticrocksundifferentiatedV‡B/Volcanic rocks-Nathlie Mountain eruptive centerC PleistoceneD Dacite plutonGGU002H126IGulkanaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQTiBIntrusive rocksCPleistocene and Pliocene (?)DIntrusive rocksGGU002H113IGulkanaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQwdBVolcanic rocks-Wrangell VolcanoCHolocene (?) and PleistoceneD Dacite flowsGGU002H116IGulkanaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQTrdB Rhyolite domeCPleistocene or PlioceneDARhyolite dome exposed chiefly in adjacent Nabesna A-5 quadrangle.GNB008H836INabesnaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQTdaB9Undifferentiated intrusive dacite and associated brecciasC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDIntrusive bodies consist of light- to medium-gray porphyritic dacite containing phenocrysts. Associated breccias are massive, brownish-gray, reddish-brown, and mauve rocks containing angular clasts of porphyritic daciteGGU101H145IGulkanaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQTrvB"Wrangell Lava - Rhyodacite breccia0undifferentiatedplugsandsmallintrusivebodiesdacite\VundifferentiatedplutonicrocksDVundifferentiatedsurficialdepositsV$V%Vundivided W!W"W#WRWWW5WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWeWiWjWkWlWmWrWsWWWW_WgWWundividedjurassicmarinesedimentaryrocksVunitcWfWWW"WTWunitsxWunnamed7Wunnamedjurassicmarinesedimentaryrocks7Vupper+W/WuranatinaWuranatinarivermetaplutonicunitVvacWfWTWvaldexkWvaldexgroupsedimentaryrocksundividedkVaryrocksundividedjVvaldezgroupultramaficrocksCVNVvalleyW(Wvalley-fillWvolcanicSWWWWWWW#W$W%W&W'W(W*W+WCWDWGWHWIWJWKWTWUWdWgWjWoWpWWWonshoreWWooliticWWWopaqueWWophiticDWorRWWWWWWWW(WmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW W*W-W:W=WOWgWrWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W%W)W0W7W9WKW[W^Worcagroupasequenceofthintothick-beddedsandstonesiltVVVorcagroupmostlytabularorlenticularbodiesofmaficvolcVVorcagrouppillowbasaltmassivebasaltflowsminorvolcanicVorcagrouppillowbrecciaandmassiveflowsaresubordinateVorcagrouprangesfrommatrix-supportedpebblymudstoneandVVorcagrouptuffaceoussedimentaryrocksvolcaniclasticsandsVVorcagroupunitconsistsoflocallyvariableamountsofvolcVV1ˆAVALDEZ GROUP: Predominantly metasedimentary rocks with well-developed gneissic foliation consisting of alternating quartz and feldspar-rich layers with biotite-rich layers. The paragneiss is brown weathering, medium grained, and banded on a 2 to 4 mm scale. However, thicker biotite-rich layers are also found. Quartz segregations parallel to the banding are common but not laterally continuous. Locally some layers in the paragneiss contain 1-in.-long porphyroblasts of andalusite. This Bunit contains up to 10 percent orthogneiss. The orthogneiss is cream colored or light gray, coarse grained, contains less biotite than the paragneiss, and locally grades into normal textured granitic rocks containing abundant inclusions of country rock.GBG003H610IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2715†"†#AQuBSurficial deposits, undividedCHoloceneAPredominantly alluvium deposited by nonglacial streams and outwash deposited by glacial meltwater. Consists of sand and gravel; terminal, lateral, and ground moraine composed of unsorted deposits of boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand left by the retreat of alpine, valley, and regional glaciers; and talus and landslide deposits from adjacent bedrock. Also includes less extensive deposits consisting mostly of sand that may be locally abundant and form such features as beaches, spits, offsB_hore bars in coastal areas, and dunes on the Copper River delta. Surficial deposits, undividedMGVA003H6100IValdezJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†$AQuB#Undifferentiated surficial depositsC QuaternaryDIUndifferentiated slope deposits, including glacial and alluvial deposits.GMC004H410IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†%AQuB#Undifferentiated surficial depositsC Quaternary]7‡AORCA GROUP: A sequence of thin- to thick-bedded sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone. Abundant sedimentary structures, such as graded bedding, crossbedding, and ripple marks, along with flute, groove, and load casts, indicate deposition from turbidity currents. Sandstone is more abundant than finer-grained rocks. Limestone lenses or concretions are found locally, and these, along with the earlier mentioned conglomerates, are characteristic of sedimentary rocks belonging to the Orca Group.Be Thin-section petrography indicates that most of the sandstones are feldspathic to feldspatholithic.SEPollen: Alnus (Alder) Foraminifers: Globogerina sp., G. senni, Globogerina sp. (hispid), Globorotalia sp. Echinoids: Holaster sp. ?Hypsopygaster sp., NucleopygusGCV002H271ICordovaJ SedimentaryK950ˆB@Valdez Group -- Pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneissCLate CretaceousDReddish weathering, varibly banded, strongly schistose to granoblastic pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneiss. Typically a garnetiferous graphitic schist. Sedimentary clastic protolith.GMS002H80IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKvsmBGValdez Group -- Undifferentiated metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocksCLate CretaceousDLargely interbedded mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks that were mainly volcaniclastic and metaclastic. Metasedimentary sequence locally includes metachert and thin lenses of marble.GYA002H81IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKpmB0Pelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneissC CretaceousDPelitic and quartzofeldspathic schist and gneiss with abundant sills, dikes, and small intrusive bodies of felsic granitic rocksGYA002H75IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAgreenBSchistC Cretaceous ? vˆˆATrnzBNizina LimestoneC!Late Triassic, Norian and KarnianDRocks consist of thin-bedded limestone (shades of gray, fine-grained wackestone and lime mudstone with a hackly fracture) and abundant greenish-black chert in thin lenses. Unit has been cut by the Chitina batholith and Tertiary hypabyssal rocksESponge spicules, radiolarians, and comminuted shelly debris occur in the upper strata. Poorly preserved, fragmented pelecypods of the genus Halobia were foundGMC100H116IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK4030ˆATrnzmBNizina Limestone - MarbleC!Late Triassic, Norian and KarnianDGenerally consists of fine-grained granoblastic calcite with minor bands of diopside and epidote. Locallized into small masses that have been recrystallized near the Chitina Valley batholithGMC100H117IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK4030MHFSˆATrcBChitistone LimestoneCLate Triassic, KarnianvˆAUpper Part: Argillite, graywacke, and mudstones, capped by sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Middle (major) Part: Argillite, siltstone, and graywacke, that alternate with a pebble to cobble conglomerate, pebbly graywacke, and an argillite. Lower Part: Argillite, minor siltstone, mudstone, graywacke, and impure limestone, and a localized pebble conglomerate. Locally known as the Nutzotin Mountains SequenceE6Buchia indicate Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous ageGNB002H118INabesnaJ SedimentaryK2820=reddish-brownWW8Wreddish-weatheringWWWWWreddish-weatheringquartzofeldspathicpeliticschistcharactV"W#WWregionallyiWregressiveWWrelatedoWWWW WBW_WWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WW=W?WrelationWrelativelyWWWrelicsWrelict;WcWremainderWWremnantWAWYWremnantcoreofrhyodacitedomerepresentingoneofthelateYVremnantofflow-bandedmassiveandglassyrhyoliteflowthatAVrepetitiveWreplaceWreplaces WrepresentWxWWW/WrepresentingYWaWWrepresents@W4W?WyWresembles*WresistantWWWrestWrestricted3WWPWWWWrestrictedtoactivefloodplainschieflysandandsiltsome3VresurrectionCWNWpWqWretain0Wretained;WcW@6visitedWvitric<WvitrophyreWvolcanicSWaWeWjWWWW#W$W%W&W(W<WCWDWTWUWmWpWzW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW=W@WAWBWCWNWeWfWpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&W(W*W+W,W;WWWdWeWnWoW~WWvolcanicavalanchedeposits&VvolcanicflowsmassivevolcanicbrecciasandminorinterbeddAVvolcanicflowsofporphyriticandesitevolcanicmudanddebr*VvolcanicrocksundifferentiatedpVvolcanic-rich*WWWWwelldefinedlateralmoraineshighonthevalleywallsofthVwell-bedded+Wwell-definedWWWWWwell-definedlateralmorainesofthelatewisconsinagechieVwell-definedoutwashfanchieflygravelandsandVwell-formed<WSnuee2WnunatakWWWWWnutzotinWnutzotinmountainsequenceVofWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW(W9W:WYWqWrWWWWWWRW{WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW$W0WRW[WaWbWcWWWoffshoreWoilyWoldBWnWoWvWoldalluvialdepositsnVoVoldalluvialdepositsalluviuminfansBVolderkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWjWnWWWWW&WjˆBr, north-verging isoclinal folds occur in the Chitistone or Nizina Limestones near the Chitina Valley fault system. Disconformably overlies the Nikolai Greenstone in Marble Canyon and probably grades upward into the McCarthy Formation. E|Unfossiliferous; in the McCarthy quadrangle to the north, diagnostic fossils indicate a Late Triassic age (MacKevett, 1978).GBG002H180IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK4030dˆAYakutat Group is a heterogeneous assemblage including clastic sedimentary rocks, altered volcanic rocks, chert, carbonate, and granitic rocks. Two major subdivisions that are commonly structurally juxtaposed, a flysch facies and a melange facies. Flysch facies is dominatly dense, hard, poorly sorted gray to brown feldspathic to lithofeldspathic sandstone (graywacke), pebble-cobble conglomerate, and shale-chip conglomerate in thick channel deposits or rhythmically interbedded and graded wB1ith gray to black siltstone, argillite, or slate.GBG002H160IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK2841gorganicBWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWJWWorganic-carbonWWWorganic-richWWWWorientedLWjWkWlWmWorigin3WWoriginal0WyWoriginally=WtWuWvWoriginateRWWoriginated WWorogenyWWYWjWzWorthoclaseWKWorthogneissWWWWWWWorthopyroxeneWWVWeWfWWWorthopyroxenite#WotherKWMWOW\WzW}W~WWWWWW+WEWJW`WWothersWWWXWWW8W=WWWWKWXWYWZWjWzWoutWW=WCWNWoutcropWWCWNWoutcropssWxWWouterWWoutwashW W!W"W#W%W+WAWBWnWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWbWWoutwashprobablyofmainphaseofglaciationlocatedinwellV.C‰j‰kB Not mappedD Not mappedGMS002H98IMount Saint EliasK98‰lAQsgBSuperglacial driftC QuaternaryDSuperglacial driftGMC004H413IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK126N1260‰mAQwwsB&Shield lavas -- Mount Wrangell volcanoC-Holocene and Pleistocene, 0.65 Ma and youngerDChiefly andesitic flowsGMC006H429IMcCarthyJIgneousK301N3011‰nAQvdBVolcanic debris flowsC PleistoceneDChetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, probably sourced from Mount Drum, exposed along Chetaslina and Copper Rivers; Sanford volcanic debris flow exposed along Sanford and Copper Rivers. Large blocks of lava and varied debrisGMC006H420IMcCarthyJIgneousK312N3120‰oAQvdBVolcanic debris flowsC PleistoceneDChetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit, probably sourced from Mount Drum, exposed along Chetaslina and Copper Rivers; Sanford volcanic debris flow exposed along Sanford and Copper Rivers. Large blocks of lava and varied debrisGMC006H440IMcCarthyJIgneousK312N3120‰pAQvdmV†DUndifferentiated glacial, fluvioglacial, and volcanoglacial deposits. Probably represent more than one episode of Wisconsin Glaciation. Chiefly diamicton and sand and gravelGNB109H308INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQgBDrift of older glaciations CQuaternary, PleistoceneAEnd, lateral, and ground moraine of Wisconsin and older glaciations. Locally includes kame and kame-like deposits and outwash. The Chitina River valley includes glaciolacustrine deposits near the complex interface with glacial Lake Atna. Chiefly diamicton, local gravel and sandGNB007H709INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwgB#Older Wisconsin glaciation depositsC PleistoceneD[Ground moraine of main(?) phase of Wisconisin glaciation. Diamicton, local gravel and sandGMC003H209IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK138N1380†AQwoBFluvio-glacial depositsCQuaternary, PleistoceneD[Outwash related to main(?) phase of Wisconsin glaciation. Silt, sand, gravel, and bouldersGMC003H208 spondylspiraWspongeWspongespiculesradiolariansandcomminutedshellydebrisocVstage5WWstages5W:WWstrataWstromatolitesWsub-tropicalWWWsubbotinaWWWsubcircularisWsuggest0W‡‡AQbtBWrangell Lava - Basalt tuffCQuaternary, PleistoceneA/Palagonitized air-fall lapilli tuff and ash, and accretionary lapilli in beds from 1 cm to 1 m in thickness. Rocks are semi-indurated and characteristically buff to yellow orange. Block, lapilli, and ash consist wholly of glassy scoria. Source is probably from sub-ice eruptive activity to the south./GNB108H518INabesnaJIgneousK311N3110‡ AQsdfBSanford debris flow depositsC QuaternaryDDebris derived from collapse of a dome on Sanford Volcano. Flow traveled a great distance down the Sanford Glacier/River valley to confluence with the Copper RiverGGU002H180IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK312N3120‡!AQTaB4Andesite mudflows, hyaloclastites, tephra, and flowsCPleistocene or PlioceneD4Andesite mudflows, hyaloclastites, tephra, and flowsGNB008H838INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK312N3120‡"AQdcBDacite debris apronC PleistoceneDNBlocks and smaller fragments of hornblende dacite in crudely layered deposits.uM‰\‰]ATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCMiddle and (or) Late TriassicDWeakly metamorphosed, lightly altered tholeiitic basalt that is characteristically amygdaloidal and poorly bedded. Metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite faciesFhK-Ar whole-rock isochron of 112 +/- 11 Ma thought to indicate collosion of Wrangellia with North AmericaGVA005H4420IValdezJIgneousK4420‰^APsmBStrelna Metamorphic ComplexCMesozoic or PaleozoicAA diverse and intimately mixed group of low- to medium-grade greenschist and amphibolite which also includes abundant pelitic and psammitic schist, metachert, and gneiss having pronouced mortar structure. Contains no marble but does contain extensive massive to gneissose mafic to intermediate (meta?) plutonic rocks. Rocks are tightly folded on all scales and pervasively faulted; they are strongly foliated and partially mylonitic and are cut by post-metamorphic Late Jurassic and Early Cre>o‰‰APPamBMarbleCPermian, Early Pennsylvanian?DRegionally metamorphosed with poorly preserved and locally placed Permian and Early Pennsylvanian fossils. Partially equivalent to the Permian limestone of the Hasen Creek Formation (Pl)GMC006H415IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK5955‰APPascBStation Creek FormationCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianDMagmatic arc consists of a younger volcaniclastic member and an older andesitic and basaltic lava flow member, both of submarine origin; locally metamorphosed to greenschist-facies south of Chitina FaultGMC006H441IMcCarthyJIgneousK6120‰AorangeB OrthogneissC Age not givenDYMetamorphosed plutonic rocks. Mostly Ti2 plutons within the gneissic core of the complexGCV006H509ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2715‰AQaB Alluvium CHoloceneDIn active streambeds and lowest terraces along larger streams and active alluvial fans. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGCV004H703ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050‰AQuintrusionRWXWintrusive\WWWWWWW WrWintrusiverocksVV VjarvisCWDWEWTWUWcWpWjarvisvolcaniccomplexandesiteflowsCVjarvisvolcaniccomplexbasaltflowsDVjarvisvolcaniccomplexdaciteflowsTVjarvisvolcaniccomplexdikesandplugsUVjarvisvolcanoesdomecVjarvisvolcanoesshieldandintracalderalavasEVjurassic7WWkaskawulsh0W1W2W5W:W;WBWkaskawulshgroupcalcschist1Vkaskawulshgroupinterbeddedmetavolcanicandmetasedimentar:Vkaskawulshgroupmarble2VkaskawulshgroupmetasiltiteBVkaskawulshgroupmetavolcanicrocks5V;VlthiethWWWWWWWWkulthiethformationVVVVVVVVkuskulana5Wkuskulanapassformation5Vlacustrine{W|WWWlacustrinedepositsVVlagoonalWWWlagoonaldepositsVVVlaharsrWlakeWZ‰ADark-greenish-gray fine-grained to weakly porphyritic andesite and basalt flows with abundant reddish jasperoid breccia, and minor intebeds of red and green cherty mudstone. Weakly metamorphosed (greenschist facies). May be equivalent to Tetlna Volcanics (PPt) or Devonian terrane (Dp).GNB002H150INabesnaJ MetamorphicK5636qLˆcB-Fox Creek terrane Unit deleted on new VA mapCmid-Cretaceous?AIntercalcated lower greenschist and transistional blueschist facies metasedimentary and mafic metavolcanic rocks. Over broad areas the rocks have a cataclastic fabric, locally relict primary sedimentary and volcaniclastic textures are retained. Unit is distinguished from Bernard Creek terrane (unit Kbc) by the dominance of dark, very-fine-grained metapelitic rocks; where green metavolcanic rocks are present in the Fox Creek terrane they indistinguishable from greenschist of the Bernard CB reek terrane.GVA005H2700IValdezJ MetamorphicK2700ˆdAKhcBHaley Creek terraneCmid-Cretaceous?andesiteanddaciteflowsdacitedomesandinterbeddedbreccVandesitedikesVandesiteflowsVandesiteflowsandfragmentalrocksVandesiteflowsfragmentalvolcanicrocksandvolcaniclasticBVandesitemudflowshyaloclastitestephraandflows!Vandesite-daciteMWfWandesite-dacitedomesandbrecciaslightgraydomesrangingfVandesites W6WUWsWWAW&WandesiticWWWW'WWWmWpWsWtWuWWfzu‡A=Tholeiitic pillow basalt, pillow breccia, and minor aquagene tuff. Thin sequences of dark-gray argillite and siltstone are interbedded with the volcanic rocks and locally compressed between pillows. Volcanic rocks are exclusively of oceanic tholeiite and are conformable with enclosing flyschoid sedimentary rocks.=GVA002H1135IValdezJIgneousK1135 ngrayWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W%W.W1W2W=W#^freshfWW WeW{Wfresh-appearing(WfreshlyWfringes/Wfrom W!W"W#W?WAWBWEWHWPWSWjWnWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWW W(W)W.W4W7W9WAWXWfWlWmWtW{W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W-W6WcWdWiWjWkWlWmWwWzWWWWWWWWWWWW W WW&W*W-WOWTWUWYWeWfWjWnWoWyWzWgenerally2W3W4W@WOWpWWWWW6W[W]WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW4W6Wgenerallyassociatedwithrhyoliteandrhyodacitedomesall]Vgenerallymediumandmediumtocoarse-grainedhypidiomorphicVVgeneticallyWWWWWdark-graysiliciceousorganic-richsiltstoneexposedonlyneVdark-graythin-beddedfinetomedium-grainedvolcanicsandstVKthickoftenglassyporphyriticflowswithplagioclasethemo8Vthicksequenceofrhythmicallyalternatingmultiply-deformediVthicksequencesofdeformedandmetamorphosedflyschconsistjVthick-beddedWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W0W1WthickeningWWWWthickerWWWWWW~Wthicker-beddedW\Wriaceoustopsandbotto Vthintomediumflowswithoxidizeddark-redscoraceoustops Vthintothickflowschieflyofandesiteanddacitecompositi6Vthin-beddedWWWWWthin-sectionWWWWthinningWWWWthirdWWWthisiWWWWWWtholeiiticWWthoseWthoughtHWWthreeBWW[WthreeeruptiveflowcentersrecognizedsimilartomtgordonVthreehornblende-dacitedomesrocksofdomes1and2arelig[VthroughoutWWWthrustsWWWtidalWW‡C;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDStrongly brecciated zones, probably representing vent areas, less than 100 m in diameter. Consists of rocks probably related to QTr. Minor dacite to rhyolitic rocks. Locally contains small glassy plugs and scoria. No topographic expression of coneGNB108H522INabesnaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQTrB5Wrangell Lava - Rhyodacite domes and associated flowsC1Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene and PlioceneDMassive gray rocks that weather pink-gray tan. Commonly porphyritic with abundant phenocrysts of plagioclase (60%), hypersthene, and minor oxyhornblende and altered biotite. Locally devitrified and altered to chlorite and clay minerals.F"Plagioclase K-Ar date is 3.74 m.y.GNB108H523INabesnaJIgneousK465MALT-BION4650‡AQTdrB Wrangell Lava - Rhyodacite dikesC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Miocenetstationcreekformationvolcaniclasticmember(VstillwaterWWWWstillwaterformationVVVVstocksWstocksandplugswrangelliaterraneVstockworkWstream2W3Wstreams,W.W0WCWDWstrelnaWW%W^WWstrelnametamorphiccomplexV^Vstrelnametamorphicsmarble%VstrelnametamorphicsmetasedimentaryandmetavolcanicrocksVstrelnametamorphicsofplafkerandothers1989VsummitWsuperglacialWWPWlWsuperglacialdriftVVPVlVsupraglacialWWWWWsupraglacialdepositsVVsupraglacialmoraineVVV'andesiteWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWWW!W#W'W/W0W3W4W5W6W7W;WCWEWMWNWOWXWaWeWfWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWrWwWxWzW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW%W&W?W@WBWWWW*W+W,W-WdWfWiWqWsWtWuWWandesiteagglutinatelocalsourceprobablyderivedfromtheV:differencesWWdifferentiated?WEWzWCoffshore W!W"W#WWoften8WWWrWoilyWoldlWWWWW{WWoldterminallateralandgroundmoraineschieflytillVstreamsandfanskVon W!W"W#W/W>W@WNWQWRWSW\WjWnWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWoneWonly?WEWorRWWWWWWorganicBWzW}W~WWWWWoriginateRWotherKWMWOW\WzW}W~WothersWoutwashW W!W"W#W%W+WAWBWnWWWWWWWWWoverlainBWWWoverlie\WoverlyingHWpaludalWpartHWWparticularlyaWpartlyWpartsWpeatyWzW}W~WWWpebble1WAWBWnWWWWWpebble-sizeHWpebble-sizedJWpebblesWWpebblyWWpercentagePWperchedWperiglacialW1ispherical4WspheroidalWW5WspiculiteWW{Wspiculiteimpurechertandlimestoneandshaledepositedin{VspiculiticWspindle0WWspit-buildingWW conglomeriticWconnectedWconsidered,WconsistaWWWWW(W9WWWWWWW3W:WiWWWWWJstronglybrecciatedzonesprobablyrepresentingventareaslVstronglyfoliatedtonalitegranodioriteandrocksrangongfrVstructuralWWWW>WWWWstructurallyWW=W>WdWWWWWWWWUWxWhaoticmelange-likeunitofdominantlymassive>VstructureWstructurelessW@W|WWWstructurelesstolocallystratifiedmudflowscontainingclasVstructuresWWWWWWWiWjWkWlWmWWstudiedjWkWlWmWstudyWWWstyleWWWstylolitesWsub-bituminousWsub-iceWWsub-marineWWWsubaerial@WWWsubaerialporphyriticbasaltflowsinterbeddedwithvolcanicVsubangularWsubaqueous@Wsubaqueousandsubaerialvolcanicandvolcaniclasticrocksu@Vsubdivided+W1WWsubdivisionWsubdivisionsWWWWWWsubduedsWsubhedralWWXW_}corbisemaWWWcrabWWWcrabbranchioplaxwashingtonianapelecypodaciladecisaVVVcrabsWWWWWcrabsandmollusksVVVcretaceous5W:WWcrinoid W Wcrinoids W"WdaonellaW!Wdaonellaabundantbrachiopodscephalopodscoralsforaminifer!VdebrisWdecisaWWWdefinitive5Wdevonian0W1WdiagnosticWdiatomsWWWdiatomsarachinodiscuscfaehrenbergiitrinacriaeftpilecVVVdictyochaWWWdiverse8Wdocument5WdocumentedWdocumentsWdominant:Wearly3W5W:WWWW W W W$W1WechinoidsWWWWWefWWWehrenbergiiWWWG1surficialdepositsundifferentiatedalluviumdepositedbynoVsurroundingWsuspendedWWWswalesWswampWWswampszW}W~WJWWswarmgWswirledWsyeniteWWWWWsyenite-monzoniteWsyenodiorite)WQWSWZW]Wsyn-dWWsynchronousWYWjWzWsystemWWtableWWWtabularWWWWWxWtalkeetnamW+W0W1W:WWWWtallisWtallisanddepositsfromrecentlyactiveandrecentlyactiveV!W"W#WHWVWZW[W]WoWsWtWuWvWthedepositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesrocVthicknessmWthoughtHWthreeBWto1W3W>WBWHWJWSWTWnWoWtransportedCWTWtributariesZW[W]WtypeGWtypesRWeWtypicallyNWunconsolidated4WQWTWpWunconsolidateddetrituschieflysiltsandandgravelthatge4VunderlainRW)†IIcy BayJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQmoBOlder glacial moraineCHoloceneDWUndifferentiated terminal, lateral, and ground moraine of Guyot Glacier around Icy Bay.GIB002H118IIcy BayJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagB(Drift of Alaskan (Neoglacial) glaciationCQuaternary, HoloceneDDiamicton, local gravel, and sand in end, lateral, and ground moraines, kames, and outwash proximal to present glaciers; includes small rock glaciersGBG004H309IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AtanBGlacial deposits, undividedCQuaternary, HoloceneDGlacial depositsGCV005H504ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AtanB#Younger glacial deposits, undividedCQuaternary, HoloceneDglacial deposits GCV006H510ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagB)Drift of Alaskan (Neoglacial) glaciation CQuaternary, HoloceneDEnd, lateral, and ground moraine and kames and outwash proximal to present glaciers. Includes rock glaciers too small to map. Diamicton, local gravel and sandGGU003H309‰#GVA002H2720IValdezJ MetamorphicK5955‰$APmB(Marble of the metamorphosed Skolai GroupCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianDFine- to medium-grained banded impure marble, locally deformed. Interpreted as temporal equivalent of limestones of the Hasen Creek FormationE&Poorly preserved Early Permian fossilsGMC002H22IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK5955‰%APasmBStrelna Metamorphics, MarbleCEarly PennsylvanianAWhite to gray marble (m) forms conspicuous deformed and folded bands and pods throughout the unit. Individual marble beds vary markedly in thickness along strike; maximum .measured thickness of the unit is about 1,200 meters. The unit is commonly composed of 90 percent more strongly regionally metamorphosed calcite and lesser calc-silicate minerals. The marble is typically found in association with greenschist and quartz-rich schist, but also forms pods to a few hundred meters thick withBXin predominantly phyllitic schist or as inclusions within associated metaplutonic rocks.ˆ"AConsists of Alsek River pluton of strongly foliate, medium-grained, equigranular, hypidiomorphic muscovite-biotite granite and the Novatak Glacier pluton of foliate, fine- to medium-grained, equigranular to seriate, hypidiomorphic hornblende-biotite tonalite. (Separated for NSA)F}Alsek River pluton has yielded a middle Tertiary K-Ar date, hornblende from the Novatak glacier pluton gave a 61 Ma K-Ar age.GYA002H24IYakutatJIgneousK1350po‰aDWell defined lateral moraines high on the valley walls of the Dadina, Chetaslina, and East Fork of the Chetaslina Rivers. Diamicton.GVA008H59IValdezJUnconsolidatedK135N1350‰bAQgBDrift of older glaciationsC PleistoceneAWisconsin glaciation and older end, lateral, and ground moraines local kames, kame-like deposits, and outwash. Also includes the glaciolacustrine deposits (Qcr) near complex interface with glacial Lake Atna in lower Chitina River valley. Chiefly diamicton, local gravel and sandGVA006H6011IValdezJUnconsolidatedK135N1350‰cAQygB'Drift of younger (Wisconsin) glaciationC PleistoceneDWell defined lateral moraines high on the valley walls of the Dadina, Chetaslina, and East Fork of the Chetaslina Rivers. Diamicton.GVA006H6017IValdezJUnconsolidatedK135N1350‰dAQcfBChetaslina volcanic debris flowC Pleistocene.psurficialdepositsundifferentiatedalluviumdepositedbyno@talus@Gtalusbouldertopebble-sizedangularrockdebris@terminallateralandgroundmoraineunsortedboulderscobble@mtextures@thatlnthe@qositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesroc@thick200mlight-coloredandintricatelyflow-bandedrhyoli@thickoftenglassyporphyriticflowswithplagioclasethemo@thickness@Kthintomedium-beddedmetamorphosedflyschinterlayeredmeta@three@@ti3a@}tight@/tomtoe@tongues@trace@tuffs@typicallyfinetomedium-grainedsemigranoblasticquartzofel@underlying@2undifferentiatedslopedepositsincludingglacialandalluvi@undividedandesiteanddaciteflows@unsorted@musuallymarginsoflargerfanschieflysandandsilt@4valley@verydarkandesiteplugthatmaymarkaprincipaleruptivea@@msˆAForming bold, dark greenish gray, craggy outcrops, rocks consist of well-indurated massive cobble and pebble conglomerate, minor boulder conglomerate, with some arenite sandstone and siltstone interbeds. Conglomerate clasts derived from Triassic limestones, Nikolai Greenstone, and the Skolai Group. Unit reflects local accelerated uplift and erosion concomitant with the Late Jurassic / Early Cretaceous regional orogenyFIsotopic age determined with a conglomerate clast and cross-cutting dike from the nearby Valdez quad yielded ages of 142 +/- 5 and 157 +/- myGMC100H114IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK3110ˆGCV003H609ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKvgBValdez Group: ParagneissCLate CretaceousAPredominantly metasedimentary rocks with well-developed gneissic foliation consisting of alternating quartz and feldspar-rich layers with biotite-rich layers. The paragneiss is brown weathering, medium grained, and banded on a 2 to 4 mm scale. However, thicker biotite-rich layers are also found. Quartz segregations parallel to the banding are common but not laterally continuous. Locally some layers in the paragneiss contain 1-in.-long porphyroblasts of andalusite. This unit contains uBp to 10 percent orthogneiss. The orthogneiss is cream colored or light gray, coarse grained, contains less biotite than the paragneiss, and locally grades into normal textured granitic rocks containing abundant inclusions of country rock.GCV002H610ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKvgBValdez Group: ParagneissCLate CretaceousPˆ9BMarine sedimentary rocksCEarly CretaceousDYWrangellia terrane. Consists of Berg Creek Formation and unnamed marine sedimentary rockGVA007H38IValdezJ SedimentaryK2110ˆ:AKbcBBerg Creek FormationC6Early Cretaceous, Neocomian, Barremian and HauterivianAMedium bedded with occasionaly cross-bedding, rocks consist of limestone (well sorted, light gray, impure bioclastic sandy grainstone) and subordinate verigated green-gray-brown pebble basal conglomerate. The formation probably formed in near-shore environments of a transgressive sea, where the limestone could have been a near-shore shoal or bar. Berg Creek correlates with the Nelchina Limestone in the Talkeetna QuadEAbundant and dominant Inocerimus as well as Pinna, Simbirskites, and belemnites. Fossils indicate the Hautervian and Barremian Stages of the Early CretaceousGMC100H112IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK2110ˆ;AKbcB2Bernard Creek terrane, deleted, now McHugh ComplexCmid-Cretaceous?†DzAblation and termianl moraines directly related to existing glaciers; may include some older deposits. Mostly rubbly tillGNB108H512INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQmB1Younger end, ground, and lateral moraine depositsCHoloceneDMainly till, but locally includes lacustrine and glaciofluvial deposits. Arrow indicates direction of ice movement as inferred from trend of elongate trenches and ridges. Advance of Hubbard Glacier culminated in Yakutat Bay between 1700 and 1791 A.D.GYA002H11IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQmoB/Older end, ground, and lateral moraine depositsCHoloceneDGlaciomarine till and till associated with a neoglacial advance of the Hubbard Glacier system which culminated in Yakutat Bay between 970 and 1290 A.D.GYA002H13IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK130N1301†AQmBYounger glacial moraineCHoloceneDUndifferentiated terminal, lateral, and ground moraine. Locally includes and kame and esker deposits of Guyot Glacier around Icy Bay.GIB002H117}containedWcontainingWWW WWWWW#W6W@WVWWWXWeWfWWWWWWWWWWW3W=WAWXWWWWWWWWWWW W"W4W=WOWdWxWWcontainsWW\WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW‡‡AQTruB‡AORCA GROUP: A sequence of thin- to thick-bedded sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone. Abundant sedimentary structures, such as graded bedding, crossbedding, and ripple marks, along with flute, groove, and load casts, indicate deposition from turbidity currents. Sandstone is more abundant than finer-grained rocks. Limestone lenses or concretions are found locally, and these, along with the earlier mentioned conglomerates, are characteristic of sedimentary rocks belonging to the Orca Group.Be Thin-section petrography indicates that most of the sandstones are feldspathic to feldspatholithic.SEPollen: Alnus (Alder) Foraminifers: Globogerina sp., G. senni, Globogerina sp. (hispid), Globorotalia sp. Echinoids: Holaster sp. ?Hypsopygaster sp., NucleopygusGBG003H271IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK950casesWWWcastsWWWWcataclasis;WSWcataclasticcWWWTWcataclastiteWcataclysmicfWcementedWcenterWWWMWKWcentersWmWtW~WcentimetersiWWWcentralMWPWQWSWcertainWcertainlyxWchalcopyriteWchalkyWWWchange"WchangedWchangesWWchannelWWWWW†DLateral, end, and a few ground moraines that are relics of extensive glaciation. They consist of jumbled boulders with broad ranges in size and composition. Older moraines are weathered and support vegetationGMC100H104IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK125N1250†AlimeBOlder glacial depositsC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDGlacial depositsGCV006H511ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK125N1250†AQsmBSupraglacial moraineCHoloceneDkUnweathered, poorly sorted, pebble- to boulder sized rock debris on surfaces of alpine and valley glaciers.GBG002H116IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK126N1260†AQsmBSupraglacial moraineCHoloceneDRSupraglacial moraine-- Unweathered, poorly sorted, debris on surfaces of glaciers.GCV003H130ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK126N1260†AQsmBSupraglacial depositsCHoloceneD`Unsorted angular debris ranging in size from silt to blocks on surfaces of the present glaciers.GMS002H9IMount Saint EliasJUnconsolidatedK126N1260†AQaga;unˆADominantly thick flow units of slightly porphyritic tholeiitic basalt with medium-grained plagioclase (labradorite) and less abundant clinopyroxene phenocrysts in fine-grained intergranular groundmasses rich in plagioclase and clinopyroxene. Characteristically greenish black with light green to white amygdules; typically altered and locally metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite facies assemblages. Named by Rohn (1900, p. 425) for extensive, mainly altered tholeiitic basalt sequence that B=occurs widely in the Wrangell Mountains and Chitina Valley area; at least 3,000 m in aggregate thickness. In the map area the unit is at 60 meters thick; the lower contact is faulted; overlain disconformably(?) by undifferentiated Chitistone and Nizina limestones (Upper Triassic) or unconformably by younger rocks. +GBG002H181IBering GlacierJIgneousK4420wrangelllavarhyoliteandrhyodacitepyroclasticdepositsVwrangelllavarhyolitebrecciaandflowsundifferentiatedVwrangelllavarhyolitecinderconeFVLQ&ˆ5ABThin bedded sandstone (very fine grained, dark greenish gray, arkosic-subordinate calcareous arkosic-lithic wacke), siltstone, and subordinate shale. Limy lenses and small spheroidal concretions are sparsely distributed. Locally cut by Tertiary hypabyssal rocks. The unit reflects fairly rapid shallow marine depositionBEMeager ammonite and pelecypod fauna indicate Hauterivian and Barremian Stages of the Early Cretaceous; more definitive ammonite from C-7 document the Barremian StageGMC100H111IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK2102E:massivetothick-beddedgraytowhitefinetocoarse-grained1Vmassivetothin-beddedwhitegrayandblackmarbleincomple2Vmassivetothinlybandedgreentogreenishblackrecrystalli;VmatWmatanuska+W1W2Wmatanuskaformation2Vmatanuska-wrangell+W1WWmaterialzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWJWWWWmatrices WmatrixW2W6WuW}WWWWWWWWW&WKWWWWmatrix-supportedWWWWWWWmauveWuwideaW=WwidelyxWWW W WWWwidespreadUWW?WdWWWUWWwidespreadelongatelobesandcoalescingapronsmainlyangulUVwidespreadsequenceoftholeiiticfloodbasaltflowsmainlyVwidthWwilliamsOWwindblownLWMWWwindsWWwinklerWWW"WXWZWwinklersWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWW W'W+W0W4W6W8W:W;W<W>WAWWWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWiWmWtWuWwWxWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W#W&W(W+W/W0W1W3W8W:W>WFWHWKWMWOWSWTWWWXWYWaWbWdWhWjWkWlWDstrelnaWWWWWWWYW^WjWzWwˆ DDominantly fine- to medium-grained, equigranular to seriate hypidiomorphic muscovite-biotite and biotite granodiorite and related rocks in 10 small, widely distributed bodies cut diverse older plutonic and metamorphic rocksFiK-Ar ages on mica yielded 20.9, 24.1, and 30.6 Ma; dates on possibly related dikes were 25.3 and 23.5 Ma.GMS002H20IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1273ˆATgBGranodiorite and graniteCTertiary, EoceneDChiefly light gray, fine- to coarse-grained, hypabyssal, muscovite-biotite granodiorite and granite that occur in four moderate-size stocks that chiefly intrude the Yakutat groupFK-Ar dates of 46.8 to 51.1 MaGMS002H21IMount Sanit EliasJIgneousK1300ˆATiB GranodioriteCMiocene and OligoceneDDominantly fine- to medium-grained, equigranular to seriate hypidiomorphic muscovite-biotite and biotite granodiorite and related rocks in 10 small, widely distributed bodies cut diverse older plutonic and metamorphic rocks)magmaMWsWmagmaticgWWWWmagmaticarcconsistsofayoungervolcaniclasticmemberandVmagnetiteWWWmainWWWWaWmainly,W.W5W6W>W@WUWWWWWWWlWmWWWW#W=WEWFWhWWWWWWWWWWW(W0W6W8WvWyWWmainlyamphibolitefaciesrocksmorethan1000m-thickgradeVmainlydarkgreenmetatuffwithminorcarbonateandchert6V8Vterracesofmajo,Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsofmajorandsomeminorstream.Vmainlylargeactivefansandconesonsteeptogentleslopes>Vmainlylargebroadgenerallyactivefansandconesonmounta@VmainlylavaflowsofintermediatecompositionalsoincludesVmainlyoutwashrelatedtoalaskanglaciationandpossiblyyoVmainlyphylliticmetapelite70-80percentandsubordinatemehVmainlysandandgravelofpresentandformerbeachesbeachrV.ˆAqMedium to thick bedded lime mudstone (dark greenish gray, fine-grained and incipiently recrystallized), and less abundant wackestone. Limy dolomite and dolomitic limestone in lower strata reflecting sabkha facies. Widespread calcite veinlets, and poorly developed stylolites and chert nodules. Unit has been cut by the Chitina batholith and Tertiary hypabyssal rocksqE~Undiagnostic comminuted remains of echinoids and gastropods. Elsewhere the Chitistone is documented by the ammonite TropitesGMC100H118IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK4030fˆpAThis unit is composed of approximately equal amounts of interbedded volcanic rocks, consisting of volcanic breccia, tuff, tuffaceous sediment, and minor pillow basalt, and sedimentary rocks, consisting of sandstone, siltstone, shale, and chert. The two exposures of the unit differ in character. In the Cordova quadrangle the unit tends to weather orange and includes more sedimentary rocks (including marble) than on the Resurrection Peninsula. Near the head of Port Fidalgo this unit has bB3een metamorphosed to amphibote-bearing greenschist.!F=K-Ar date on amphibote-bearing greenschist of 47.6 +/- 1.4 MaGCV002H554ICordovaJIgneousK2702:*alluviumIWWWWWH+domeWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWWWYW_W`WbWcWuWWWWWWWdomes WZW[W^WfWWWWWWWWrWdomesandintrusiverocksoldervolcanicandsedimentaryrocrVdriftWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWPWRWaWbWcWlWWdriftofalaskanglaciationVVVRVVdriftofalaskanglaciationablationmorainesVdriftofalaskanglaciationolderphaseVdriftofalaskanglaciationyoungerphaseVdriftofalaskanneoglacialglaciationVVHEmassivedark-gray-weatheringhornblende-richflowsthatradi9Vmassivefine-grainedlimestonelocallyabundantlensesofchVmassiveflowsofhighsilicaandesitecappingtheicefieldsjVmassivegrayrocksthatweatherpink-graytancommonlyporphVmassivelight-graydevitrifiedmicrocrystallinerockswithrVmassivelimestonewithlensesandmodulesofblackandgrayVmassivesequenceoflight-graytodrab-brownfinetocoarse|Vmassivesingleflowunitwithdark-grayglassybaselight-gr>Vmassivestructurelesspalagonitizedbrecciacontainingblock@Vmassivethickflowsofdenseblackglassylava=VmatWmatanuska+W1W2Wmatanuskaformation2Vmatanuska-wrangell+W1WWmaterialzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWmatrixW2W6WuW}WWWWWWWWW&WKWWWWmatrix-supportedWWWWWWWmauveWwsfromloc7V‡DLight gray to buff, massive rocks with small phenocrysts of potassium feldspar, oxyhornblende, and altered biotite in a cryptocrystalline groundmassGNB108H534INabesnaJIgneousK465MALT-BION4650‡AQTwrBAOlder volcanic and sedimentary rocks - Domes and intrusive rocks CVmainlylargebroadgenerallyactivefansandconesonmounta@VmainlylavaflowsofintermediatecompositionalsoincludesVmainlyoutwashrelatedtoalaskanglaciationandpossiblyyoVmainlysandandgravelofpresentandformerbeachesbeachrVmainlytillbutlocallyincludeslacustrineandglaciofluviaVV} à ÂĂłƂǂȂÃ0ʂ˂̂͂Ä!ςÄ!"Ä!Q҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႉstuÄ!Rょ䂇傇Ä!SÄ!T邇ꂇ낇삇킇Ä!bÄ!dÄ!fÄ!Ä!Ä"6Ä"FÄ"GÄ#Ä#E肈 Ä#a vÄ# Ä#Ä$Ä$Ä$Ä$! Ä$1!Ä$a"Ä$#Ä%!$Ä'%Ä'f'Ä(*Ä*Q+wÄ*R,-.Ä1!/023Ä24Ä25Ä2!16789:Ä2;<=SxÄ2>Ä4Q?@ABÄ5QCÄ5qDÄ5EFGH4jointed@jumbled@ knight@known@lacustrine@large@Zlargerareasofpoorlysortedangulardepositsformingcones@lateralendandafewgroundmorainesthatarerelicsofext@lava@lavaflowspyroclasticdepositsandbrecciasundifferentiate@lavender@W|WWWWW W3WWW4W<WAWlight-graytograyhornblende-plagiocladaciteporphyry Vlight-gray-greenAWlight-greenCWNWWlithic<WWWWlitho-feldspathicWlithofeldspathicWWWlithologicallyWWWlithologiesWWWWWWWWWWlithologyWWWWlncludesWlncludesatleast1500mofinterbeddedmassivetothin-beddVloadWWWWlobateWWWW:WlobesUWlocalZW[W]WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWW7W8WmWtWxWWWgravelsWgravityWWWgrayWWWWWW W W WWWWWWWW(W1W2W4W6W7W9W:W;W<W?WAWUWVWWWYWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWeWfWhWiWuWwWzW{W}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWW-W3W4W5W8W:W>WhWxW~WWWWWWWWz‡‡ATotsB*Orca Group -- Tuffaceous sedimentary rocksCEocene (?) and PaleoceneAORCA GROUP: Tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, volcaniclastic sandstone, and minor chert. Locally, these rocks contain abundant radiolarians and diatoms of probable Tertiary age (table 2). South of the Martin fault, this unit also includes minor pillow basalt and abundant volcanic breccia. The rocks are altered to a bright orange-weathering gossan and are intruded by numerous porphyritic dikes for a distance of 10 mi along the south side of the Martin fault.EDiatoms: Arachinodiscus cf., A. ehrenbergii, Trinacria ef., T. pileclus Silicoflagellates: ?Corbisema geometrica, ?Corbisema hastata, ?Corbisema triacontha, Dictyocha aspera, Navoculopgis constrictaGBG003H272IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK950‡ATosB*Orca Group -- Sedimentary rocks, undividedCEocene (?) and Paleocene<]ˆAJgrBBiotite-epidote graniteCMiddle JurassicDIrregularily shaped small stocks of pink-weathering medium-grained granite. Green biotite and granular to coarse-grained epidote are constant accessoriesGVA002H3401IValdezJIgneousK3401ˆAJgdBBiotite-hornblende granodioriteCMiddle JurassicDIrregularily shaped small stocks of pink-weathering medium-grained granite. Green biotite is a constant accessory; hornblende and epidote are less abundant and are not present in all samples.GVA002H591IValdezJIgneousK3402ˆAJgdBGranodiorite to quartz dioriteC Juarssic?DWeakly foliated to foliated granodiorite to quartz diorite. Possibly equivalent to rocks of the Chitina Valley batholith Granite Range plutonic suite in the northern Chugach MountiansGBG002H171IBering GlacierJIgneousK3402ˆAJcBChitina Valley batholithC Late JurassicO!localizedqWrWsWtWuWvWW WWWWWWWHWIWWWWWlocallizedWWlocally W!W"W#W+W.W4WAWBWSW\WpWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW'W+W4W6W9W;W?WWWXWYWiWtWyWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W1W3W5W8W;WBWGWPWWWXWZWcWhWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W$W&W)W-W0W3W?WFWOWSWTWYWjWwWzW|W}W~WWWlocallyextensive2-pyroxeneandesiteagglutinatesasmuchaVW8igentle>WgentlySWWWWgeographically=Wgeosyncline+W1WgiveWglacialW W!W"W#W$W%W+W5W6WAWBWHWOWSWWW\WnWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW#W'WEWNWOW`WbWdWWglacialdepositsVVVglacialdriftdepositsolderthanwisconsinglaciationprobaVglaciationAWBWnWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWbWglaciationsZW[W]WWWWWWWWFWglacierWW\WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWsWWWWWW"WWWWWWWWQWvWWWWglacier/river WX†%DAlluvium, older alluvium, colluvium, talus, landslides, rock glaciers, glaciolacustrine deposits, glacial outwash deposits, and a variety of morainesGMC002H25IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†&AyellowBRecent glacio-fluvial depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneDglacio-fluvial depositsGCV005H502ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†'AyellowBRecent glacio-fluvial depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneDGlacio-fluvial depositsGCV006H502ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†(AQaBAlluvial depositsCHoloceneD{Alluvium of active flood plains and lowest terraces of major streams, and larger alluvial fans. Boulders, gravel, and sandGNB002H100INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†)AQauBAlluvial depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDAlluvium, undividedGNB002H101INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†*AQaBAlluvial depositsCHoloceneDAlluvial depositsGGU002H106IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†+AQsBAlluviumCHolocenegravels@graygraybandedquartzofeldspathicgneiss@grayhyperstheneandesiteflowswithredscoriaceoustopsan@Qgrayrubble-covereddomerelationtoothervolcanicunitsis@"ilocallyfossil-richthin-beddedlimestoneandinterbeddedar|VlocatedWKWLWMWWQ_grayrubble-covereddomerelationtoothervolcanicunitsisVgraytodark-grayrecrystallizedlimestoneregionallymetamo.Vgray-greenWWWgray-weatheringWgray/brownish-blackWgraywacke4W=W@WWWWWWWWWWWWWW W&W(WyWgraywacke-carbonaceoWUof W"W#W%W*W+W/W0W1W3W6W7W8W9W:W<W=W>W?WCWEWFWKWNWOWPWQWRWSWTWXWYWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWbWcWdWfWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWtWuWvWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W W WWWWWWWWWW W!W"W#W$W%W&W*W,W-W4W5W:W=W>W?W@WCWDWEWFWHWIWKWLWMWNWOWQWRWTWUWWWXWYWZW\W^W_W`WaWcWdWeWjWnWoWvWxWyWzW}W~WWWW schistosehornblendegabbrometamorphiccomplexofgulkanarVschistosequartzdioritemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariveVschistosequartzmonzonitemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariVscoria.WvWsecond-cycle4W5W:W;Wsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowsolivine-bearingtwo-pyroxen;Vsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowsthicklobateflowsofdacit:Vsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowstwo-pyroxeneandesite4Vsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowsundivided5VsedimentaryjWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W-W.W1W3W7W8W9WjWkWlWmWpWqWWWWWW_WqWrWwW-ˆkB+Valdex Group: Sedimentary rocks, undividedCLate CretaceousAVALDEZ GROUP: Thick sequences of deformed and metamorphosed flysch consisting of metasandstone, metasiltstone, argillite, slate, and phyllite, with rare beds of conglomerate and pebbly argillite. In many places primary internal sedimentary structures, consisting of graded bedding, cross laminations, and convolute bedding are preserved. All sedimentary rocks studied contain metamorphic biotite. The sandstones display a moderately developed semischistose texture that has abundant randomlBy oriented interstitial biotite and less abundant weakly aligned biotite. Sandstones range from lithic to feldspatholithic in composition. Samples become less lithic-rich and more feldspar- and quartz-rich from west to east.ERPelecypod: Inoceramus kusiroensis, Inoceramus ulrichi, and Inoceramya concentricaF5K/Ar date on biotite semischist of 51.5 + or - 1.5 MaGBG003H510IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK2700ˆlAKvs7avalancheaWeW#W&W)WdWfWavalanchesdWeWfWhWiW,WGWWaverageWWWWbWb-5Wb-6WiWbanded$WCWNWxW|W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW$W0W:W;Wbandedgraniteandquartzdioritegneissandbiotiteandaug$VbandingWyWWWWbandsW%WbankWKWbar:WbarchanLWMWWbars W!W"W#WWWLWMWWbasalWW1W6W:WWW~WWbasaltWWWW WWW/W0W3WBWDWlWmWtWxW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W=WoWpWqWtWuWvWwWzWWWWWWWWWWW[W]WiWxW~WWWuWWWWWWWWWbeachWWW†H†IAQtBTalus depositsCHoloceneDTalus depositsGBG002H119IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK107N1071†JAQtBTalusCHoloceneD6Talus-- Boulder- to pebble-sized, angular rock debris.GCV003H140ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK107N1071†KAQcaBColluvium, undifferentiatedCHolocene and PleistoceneDTalus, but also includes deposits of small landslides, rock glaciers, and other products of mass-wasting processes, and alluvium in small fans and cones. Poorly sorted silt, sand, gravel, and bouldersGMC003H202IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†LAQcbBBluff colluviumC QuaternaryDBasin bluff colluviumGMC004H403IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK107N1072†MAQcBColluvium, undifferentiatedCHolocene and PleistoceneDChiefly talus but also includes deposits of small landslides, rock glaciers, and other mass-wasting processes. Chiefly unsorted boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand.GNB008H803INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†NAQcuBColluvial depositsCHolocene holoceneW !"#&W'W()W*+,./0W1W2W3W567W8W9W:W;W<W=W>?@WAWBWCWDWEWFWGHWIJKWMWNOWPWQWRWSWTWVWWXWYWZW[W\W]W^_`aWcdeWfWghWiWlnWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWÂĂłWWWWWWWWW WzWWCWDWEWFWGHWJWKWLMQR`WmWWWWWWW&{groundWWWWWWgroupWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*WCWNWeWfWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WW W"W$W0W1W2W5W:W;WBWVW_WgWxWyWWgulkanaWWWWWWWWWWWWWhaleydWWW#WUWWhasencreekformationVVhighNWOWhigh-silicaWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humcreekdomecomplexMVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQVho-humdomecomplexdacitedikesPVho-humdomecomplexdacitedomeandflowsSVho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusionRVho-humdomecomplexdacitetephraV‡‡ATosB*Orca Group -- Sedimentary rocks, undividedCEocene and PaleoceneAVery thick, complexly deformed monotonous sequence of thin- to thick-bedded turbidites consisting of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone; metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies. Abundant sedimentary features indicate deposition from sediment gravity flows on submarine-fan complex. Lenticular matrix-supported conglomerate, and pebbly mudstone and sandstone are widespread.E@planktonic foraminifers, fossil crabs, pelecypods and gastropodsGCV003H271ICordovaJ SedimentaryK950‡ATosB*Orca Group -- Sedimentary rocks, undividedCEocene (?) and PaleocenemudstonetosandstonelocallyfossiliferoussubmarinegravitVmudstonesWWWWWmulti-colored#WdWmulti-coloredvoluminousdebrisavalanchedepositcontaining#VdVmulticolored WmultipleOWmultiple-flow9Wmultiply-deformediWWmuscovite WWmuscovite-biotite W WWWWW"Wmuscovite-biotite-quWmuscovite-biotite-qusillimaniteandgarnetschistbandedgnVmuscovite-quartz-cal1WmushWWmyWmylonitic;WWWWSW^Wmyloniticgreenschistrelictbeddingandvolcaniclastictext;VSVnWna-cl-hco3Wna-hco3-richWKWnabesnaWW WmWWW?WOWWWWW WW&W'W^WWllmountaVnarrow=WWneWnearnWWWWWWWWzWWWWW#W8WCWNWhWpWqWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWnear-shore:W 2P @^]WWWWWP @^]]t%ˆiˆjAKvsB+Valdez Group: Sedimentary rocks, undividedCLate CretaceousAThick sequences of deformed and metamorphosed flysch consisting of metasandstone, metasiltstone, argillite, slate, and phyllite, with rare beds of conglomerate and pebbly argillite. In many places primary internal sedimentary structures, consisting of graded bedding, cross laminations, and convolute bedding are preserved. All sedimentary rocks studied contain metamorphic biotite. The sandstones display a moderately developed semischistose texture that has abundant randomly oriented inteBrstitial biotite and less abundant weakly aligned biotite. Sandstones range from lithic to feldspatholithic in composition. Samples become less lithic-rich and more feldspar- and quartz-rich from west to east.ERPelecypod: Inoceramus kusiroensis, Inoceramus ulrichi, and Inoceramya concentricaF5K/Ar date on biotite semischist of 51.5 + or - 1.5 MaGCV002H510ICordovaJ SedimentaryK2700ˆkAKvs=‰jACompositionally diverse quartz monzodiorite, ranging from granite to diorite, generally foliated and locally gneissic particularly within plutons enclosed by the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm). K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 Ma; synchronous with Late Jurassic major regional orogeny perhaps related to subduction along Border Ranges FaultF[K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 MaGVA006H6043IValdezJIgneousK3403,ˆrˆsAKvvB+Valdez Group: Metavolcanic rocks, undividedCLate CretaceousATholeiitic metabasalt and basaltic metatuff, including local pillow lava, pillow brecia, and gabbroic dikes and sills. Metabasalt form rugged, nearly massive outcrops, whereas semischistose metatuff forms more subdued outcrops. Variable metamorphic grades.GCV003H515ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2705ˆtAKvgrBValdez Group: GreenstoneCLate CretaceousAThis unit consists of massive greenstone, metamorphosed pillow basalt, and mafic dikes exposed near the heads of Woodworth and Schwan Glaciers. Elsewhere in the Cordova and Valdez quadrangles, the unit includes lenticular bodies of chorite schist that may have originally typically metamorphosed to greenschist and low amphibolite facies. The higher grade facies is distinguished by the presence of dark-green hornblende.GCV002H611ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2705ˆuAKvgrBValdez Group: GreenstoneCLate Cretaceous*‰9DMetasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. Dominantly interlayered quartz-feldspar mica schist and mica-quartz schist and subordinate marble beds or lenses. GYA002H83IYakutatJ MetamorphicK7240‰:APzvpBFKaskawulsh Group -- interbedded metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocksCDevonian and older(?)DFoliated and doubly folded massive to thinly banded mafic metavolcanic rocks; typically greenschist, semischist to mica schist, and thin pods and beds of marble.GYA002H93IYakutatJ MetamorphicK7240‰;APzvB&Kaskawulsh Group -- metavolcanic rocksCDevonian and older(?)DUMassive to thinly banded, green to greenish black recrystallized mafic volcanic rocksGYA002H91IYakutatJ MetamorphicK7240‰Wphyllite/greenstonemelange>VpillowWWWWpinkWpinkbiotite-hornblendesyenite-monzonitegneissVplafkerWplugQWeWWQusuallymarginsoflargerfanschieflysandandsiltDVvaguerWvaldezlWW WWW>WCWNWfWkWlWmWqWrWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWW_WxWvaldezgrouppredominantlymetasedimentaryrockswithwell-dVVvaldezgroupserpentinizedperidotiteandduniteoccuratthCVvaldezgroupthicksequencesofdeformedandmetamorphosedfkVlVmVvaldezgroupthisunitconsistsofmassivegreenstonemetamouVvVvaldezgroupthisunitiscomposedofapproximatelyequalamqV}imarinesedimentaryrocks9VVVVVmarinesedimentaryrockswrangelliaterranewVWWmassivelimestoneVVmatanuska/W0W2Wmatanuskaformation2Vmatanuskaformationlowerpart0Vmatanuskaformationupperpart/VmccarthyWWWWmccarthyformationVVmccarthyformationlowermemberVVmchugh;W<W=WWSWmchughcomplex<V=Vmelange*W>WWWmemberWW(W)Wmeta-igneous3W=W>W@WmetaflyschhWxW~WWmetamorphicWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW6W7W8W9W^Wmetamorphicrocksbetweenborderrangesandhubbardfaultsm6V7V8V9VmetamorphicrocksofthebrabazonrangeVmetamorphicsW%WmetamorphosedWWWW$WmetamorphosedclinopyroxenebasaltmetamorphiccomplexofguVmetamorphosedhornblendeandesitemetamorphiccomplexofgulVmiddletonWWmightWmigmatitic~WWWmillerWWmineralWWW&WJWgWWW>WKWmineralcairnphasechieflygranodioritebutgradationalintJVmineralspringandmudvolcanodepositsVmineralogicallyW<WmineralogyWmineralsiWtWyW}WWWWWXWWW%Wminor,W.W0W1W7W8W9W:W;W=WTW\WqWrWsWtWuWvWxWW0W4W:W;WCWaWlWwWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW!formationWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W0W2W4W5W6W:W?W@WAWBWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W!W&W'W(W)WWW{WWfoxcWTWfoxcreekterraneunitdeletedonnewvamapcVTVfragmentalWfromWWWWgabbroWWWWWWWWWWgabbroandanorthositeVgabbroanddiabaseandgabbronoritedikeswrangelliaterraneVgabbroandleucogabbroVgabbroandorthogneissVgabbroicWgabbroicphaciodsinmchughcomplexVgabbronoriteWgardinerEWgardinercreekplutonEVc‡AInterbedded gray to dark-gray and greenish-gray siltstone, mudstone, and sandstone predominate in lower third of formation. Till-like diamictite is interbedded with siltstone and sandstone in all but lowest part of formation and is the dominant rock type in upper part of formation, particularly on Middleton Island. Conglomerate is a minor lithology throughout the formation, and scattered clasts-presumably dropstones-are present in all lithologies. Consists of diverse marine and glaciomarinBe clastic rocks along the Gulf of Alaska margin more than (?) m thick onshore and is widely distributed on the adjacent continental shelf where it is as much as (?) m thick in exploratory wells (Plafker and Addicott, 1976; Plafker and others, 1975). E4Contains an abundant marine megafauna and microfaunaGBG002H131IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK5651glaciationsWWWWWWWbWglacierWWWWWWWWWWWQWglaciersWWWglacio-fluvial&W'WglaciofluvialWglaciofluvialdepositsVglaciolacustrinexWWWNWglaciolacustrinedepositVNVglaciolacustrinedepositsxVgneiss|WWWWWWWWWgneissic~WWgordon WgraniteWWWWWWWW"WWgraniteandgranodioriteVVVgraniteandtonalitegraniteVgraniteandtonalitetonalite"VgranitegranodioriteanddioritechugachterraneVgranitic'W`WgranitoidWgranitoidrocksVgranodiorite WWWWWWW(WUWWXWWWWWWvWlplugQVho-humdomecomplexdacitedikesPVho-humdomecomplexdacitedomeandflowsSVho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusionRVho-humdomecomplexdacitetephraVIlandslide_WaWbWcWeWfWgWhWiW'WGWWlandslidedeposits_VaVbVcVeVgVhViVGVVlandslides`lateWWWZWlatedacitedomesandassociatedflowsZVlateralWWWWWWlavaWWWW W W W WWWWWWWWWWW+W.W0W1W2W7W8W<W=W>W?W@WFWaWiWlWmWnWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWqWsWtWuWlavaflowsandlaharsoldervolcanicrockssVtVuVlavaflowsandsedimentaryrocksoldervolcanicandsedimentqVlavaflowsfrommtsanfordVlavaflowspyroclasticdepositsandbrecciasundifferentiateVlavasWWW WWEWqWrWsWWWWWmWpWlavasoftumblecreekandesiteandbasalticandesiteflowslrVWWWWWWWW.quartzofeldspathic|WWWWWWrangeWWranges6W7W8W9Wrecent&W'W{W|Wrecentglacio-fluvialdeposits&V'Vrecentlacustrinedeposits{V|VredwoodWWWWredwoodformationVVVVrhyodacite?W@WYW_WWWWWWWWrhyodacitedome_VrhyodacitedomeofsniderpeakYVrhyodaciteflowstalkeetnaformationVrhyolite2WAWFW^WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWrhyolitedomeVVrhyolitedomeandplugsVrhyolitedomes^VVrhyoliteflowAVrhyoliteflowsVrhyoliteporphyryandgraniteVrhyolitetephraVrhyolitevolcaniclasticrocksVUpredominateWWW/WpredominatesW7WpredominatlyWWWprehniteWprehnite-pumpelllyitWprehnite-pumpellyiteWWWWWWW<WWWWWWW]W~WWpresenceWWtWuWvWpresentWWWWWWWWWWWWWWcWWRWTWWpresent-dayBWpresently WpreservedjWkWlWmWrWW)WWWWpresumablyWWWpresumablyformedfromdebrisshedfromdomesqtrdoccurinVpresumed W/W0W8WsmallbasaltplugsanddikesgenerallyamygdaloidalandvesiVVsmallcomplexintrusivedacitetoandesiteporphyriesVsmallfinetomedium-grainedlight-coloredtonaliteandgranVsmalllight-coloreddomeorshallowintrusionthatislocallVsmallmassesofmarbleandskarnnearthegranodioriteofthVsmallnearlyverticalfine-grainednonporphyriticolivinebaxVsmallplugofolivine-bearingsparselyporphyriticbasalticVsmallsericitizedhornblende-biotitetonaliteplugsrocksar Vx‰Bwalley batholith (Jc) and might represent metamorphosed roots of the Skolai-Tetelna magmatic arc (PPat, PPas, and PPasc)eGMC006H419IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK5625 Ä8nopqÄ8rstuvÄ8!wxyz{VÄ8&|~Ä91Ä95Ä9RÄ:Ä:aÄ:bÄ:cÄ:dÄ:eÄ:Ä:ÄAÄB!ÄCaWÄDQXÄEÄEÄE‚ÂĂłYjzÄEƂZÄFQǂÄFVÄG!ʂ˂[ÄI1̂͂΂ς{ÄQ:Ђт҂ӂԂ|ÄQAՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂\}ÄRAÄT1߂ႈÄU!ÄU&ÄU1傈悈炈肈邈ꂈ낈삈킈]~ÄYÄcÄcVdUÄd6ÄeqÄeÄfaÄg6gÄgAÄgFÄgGÄgRÄgÄha Ähf Ähg ÄiÄiÄiÄj1^ÄjQ Äja!Äjf"#$%Är1&'()Äs1*+,-ÄzB.[‡B7Wrangell Lava - Thin Basalt and Basaltic Andesite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDThree eruptive flow centers recognized. Similar to Mt. Gordon (Qgbf) and the young cinder cones (Qbc), but significantly olderGNB109H327INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQwsBSanford volcano - Lava flows CQuaternary, PleistoceneDChiefly andesite GNB007H725INabesnaJIgneousK301N3014‡AQwcB0Capitol volcano - Shield and intracaldera lavas CQuaternary, PleistoceneDChiefly andesiteGNB007H726INabesnaJIgneousK301N3015‡AQspB0Mount Sanford volcano -- Dacite pyroclastic flowC PleistoceneD.Mount Sanford volcano, dacite pyroclastic flowGNB008H815INabesnaJIgneousK310N3100‡AQdbBDacite block and ash depositC PleistoceneDContains blocks chiefly of light gray, porphyritic dacite as much as 2 m in diameter in a matrix of light gray to very light gray ash.GVA007H8IValdezJIgneousK455N4550‡AQpfBPyroclastic flowC PleistocenecshieldWW WWEWWmWpWshieldandintracalderalavasmountjarvisvolcanoespVshieldlavasmountwrangellvolcanomVshieldlavasundifferentiatedVshorelineWsilicaNWOWsillsBWWsiltstoneWsiltstoneofoilylakeVskolaiWWW W W"W$WgWWskolaigroupVskolaigroupgreenstoneunitVskolaigrouphasencreekformation Vskolaigrouplimestoneandmarble Vskolaigroupmarbleunit"VskolaigroupundividedgVVslanaPWWWslanaplutonPVslanaspurformationVVWWspurWstillwaterWWWWstillwaterformationVVVVstocksWstocksandplugswrangelliaterraneVstockworkWstream2W3Wstreams,W.W0WsummitWsuperglacialWWsuperglacialdriftVVsupraglacialWWWWWsupraglacialdepositsVVsupraglacialmoraineVVV\#eschistosequartzdioriteVschistosequartzmonzoniteVschists>WschitoseWschraderWschulze+WwWschwantWuWvWscoraceous WscoriaWWW0W1W2WWWfWscoriaceousW WW4WtWwW}Wsea4W:WWseacoastWWsecondZWsecondaryWWWsectionWW W,WsectionsWWWWWWWWW~WWsectorWsedimentWWpWqWWWsediment-gravityW_WsedimentaryWlWmWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W9WCWNWXWcWdWiWjWkWlWmWpWqW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWTWUW_WgWW‰O‰PA overprintBSuperglacial DriftC QuaternaryDSuperglacial DriftGVA006H6027IValdezJUnconsolidatedK126N1260‰QAQrgBRock glacier depositsCHoloceneDWWell-defined lobate forms that may include glacier ice cores. Chiefly blocks of rubbleGVA006H6005IValdezJUnconsolidatedK127N1270‰RAQagBDrift of Alaskan glaciationCHoloceneDNeoglacial deposits of end, lateral, and ground moraines, kames and outwash proximal to present glaciers; includes small rock glaciers. Diamicton, local gravel, and sandGVA006H6003IValdezJUnconsolidatedK130N1300‰SAKbcB2Bernard Creek terrane, deleted, now McHugh ComplexCmid-Cretaceous?DMylonitic greenschist. Relict bedding and volcaniclastic textures are retained locally. Elsewhere unit is nearly massive, but cataclasis and neomineralization generally are so pervasive that they obliterate any primary features.GVA002H2190IValdezJ MetamorphicK2190‰TAKfcB-Fox Creek terrane Unit deleted on new VA mapCmid-Cretaceous?}y‰WDlDominantly andesitic volcaniclastic rocks, products of Late Triassic and Early Jurassic oceanic volcanic arcEMollusks and brachiopodsGVA006H6041IValdezJIgneousK3250‰XAJntBUltramafic rocksCMiddle or Early JurassicDGabbro, pyroxenite, peridotite and dunite. Includes the Nelchina River Gabbronorite, the Tonsina ultramafic, and a mafic sequence of Winkler and others (1980). K-Ar dates indicate ages of 188-171 MaF&K-Ar dates indicate ages of 188-171 MaGVA006H6035IValdezJIgneousK3340‰YAJcBChitina Valley batholithC Late JurassicACompositionally diverse quartz monzodiorite, ranging from granite to diorite, generally foliated and locally gneissic particularly within plutons enclosed by the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm). K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 Ma; synchronous with Late Jurassic major regional orogeny perhaps related to subduction along Border Ranges FaultmassiveflowsofdensetovesicularbasalticandesiteexhibVmassiveflowsofhighsilicaandesitecappingtheicefieldsjVmassivegrayrocksthatweatherpink-graytancommonlyporphVmassivegreenstoneconsistingoffine-grainedepidotechlori@Vmassivelight-graydevitrifiedmicrocrystallinerockswithrVmassivelimestonewithlensesandmodulesofblackandgrayVmassivesequenceoflight-graytodrab-brownfinetocoarse|Vmassivesingleflowunitwithdark-grayglassybaselight-gr>Vmassivestructurelesspalagonitizedbrecciacontainingblock@Vmassivethickflowsofdenseblackglassylava=Vmassivetoschistosemediumtocoarse-grainedmonzonitesyenVnuska-wrangell+W1WWmaterialzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWmatrices WmatrixW2W6WuW}WWWWWWWWW&WKWWWWmatrix-supportedWWWWWWWmauveWl0-5bW0.3)WfW0.5W0.8WWW1W+W4W[WWWWW5W1-inWWW1.3W1.5=W10WWWWWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWW10-30 W100iWW100mthickflowswithpronouncedcolumnarjointingexposediV1000wWWWW1000-m-thick2W1200SWWW%W122YWjWzW1290W15WWWWWWW15-cm~W15-m-thick~W150W1500WWW150mmW157-138YWjWzW1700WW1791WW188-171XW19W8W1900WW1905W1908W1994WXW=WWWW1:1WWWW2W[WWWWWWWWWW2-pyroxeneW2.5>W20W4WWWWWW-W20-30W200W8W2000lW200mW230W25WWWWW25-35W250W2710wW29WWN{dˆ=ˆ>AMzpgBPhyllite/greenstone melangeC$Early(?) Cretaceous to Late JurassicAStructurally chaotic melange-like unit of dominantly massive medium- to dark-green metabasalt interbedded with gray to black metapelitic rocks and intercalated minor gray to white metachert; occurs structurally between the McHugh Complex and Valdez Group. Structural thickness is up to 2.5 km, and thickness of the dominantly greenstone units is as much as 600 m. . Metamorphic grade is lower greenschist faciesGBG002H147IBering GlacierJ TectoniteK2191ˆ?AKcBChisana FormationCEarly CretaceousDThin- to medium-bedded andesite flows and diverse volcanoclastic rocks. Probably represents Klein Creek and related mid-Cretaceous plutons of Nabesna Quad. Widespread in Nabesna Quad.GMC002H14IMcCarthyJIgneousK2340ˆ@AKcBChisana FormationCEarly CretaceousmegafaunaWWWWWWWWWW8WmemberWmesozoicWmetafossilsgWmetafossilsrecordedbyjonesandclark1973yieldmaestrichgVmicrofaunaWWWWWmicrofossilsWmid-cretaceous<WmiddleWW1WmiocenemWmoderatelyWmoffitites1WmolluscanWWWWmollusksWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWmollusksandbrachiopodsVWVmollusksandforaminiferaVVVVVVmonotisWWWWmonotisandbothcalcareousandsilicieousmicrofossilsVmonotissubcircularishydrozoalovceniporaspondylspiraVmore5WWnavoculopgisWWWneocomian1W8Wneocomianrocksinoceramusandotherfossilsthatindicateh1VnizinaWnorianWWWnorthWnucleopygusWWWWoccurWof-W3W4W5W8W:WeWWWWWolder4WonWWÃ%``n䂉Ã%p3Ã%>WÃ%=Ã%$Ã&Ã& Ã&04Ã&@.Ã&P?Ã&`肉<Ã&p/Ã&+AÃ&Ђ!Ã&EÃ'FÃ' BGÃ'0IÃ'@8HÃ'PDÃ'`MÃ'pÃ'Ã'Ã'Ã(Ã( Ã(0΂Ã(@Ã(PÃ(`Ã(p2Ã(Ã(Ã(2Ã3Ã4Ã4`Ã5Ã6Ã6`Ã6pÃ8˂̂Ã8 Ã80ÃAՂbÃA :ɂÃBp ÃB)ÃBÃB2ႈ}ÃC킇ÃC ÃC0?ÃC@@ÃCPÃC`ÃCpVÃCÃC{ÃCaÃDÃD ǂÃD0$|łƂÃD@}ÃDP ÃD`~ÃDp .{ˆ@ˆAAKcBChisana FormationCLower CretaceousDVolcanic flows, massive volcanic breccias, and minor interbedded volcaniclastic rocks. Dominantly andesites and basaltic andesites, generally containing conspicuous augite phenocrystsGNB108H538INabesnaJIgneousK2340ˆBAKcBChisana FormationCEarly CretaceousDaAndesite flows, fragmental volcanic rocks, and volcaniclastic rocks locally strongly propylitizedGNB109H338INabesnaJIgneousK2340ˆCAKvuBValdez Group: Ultramafic rocksCLate Cretaceous]‰zF[K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 MaGMC006H414IMcCarthyJIgneousK3403‰{AJTrmBMcCarthy FormationC Early Jurassic and Late TriassicD`Spiculite, impure chert and limestone, and shale deposited in a starved marine basin environmentEFossils locally abundantGMC006H417IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK3820‰|ATrlBTriassic limestoneC Late TriassicDLocally fossil-rich, thin-bedded limestone and interbedded argillite in partially starved marine basin; overlies shallow marine to intertidal fossil-poor cherty massive limestoneEFossils locally abundantGMC006H431IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK4029‰}ATrcnB Chitistone and Nizina LimestonesC Late TriassicˆdAMetamorphosed complexly deformed and tectonically mixed plutonic and sedimentary rocks. Metaplutonic rocks are most abundant in southern part of the terrane and are compositionally diverse and weakly to strongly foliated. Although diorite and granodiorite are most abundant lithologies, compositions range from trondjhemite to hornblende gabbro and hornblendite. Amphibolite is is widespread within the metaplutonic rocks. Metasedimentary rocks are dominant in northern part of terrane wherBe marble, metapelite, metapsammite are structurally mixed with subordinate metaplutonic rocks. Unit deleted and merged with Jag (NSA = 5245){GVA002H2700IValdezJ MetamorphicK5245 7eoceneWWW "#W_WPGˆ=AA structurally chaotic melange-like unit of accreted oceanic rocks that crops out in a narrow belt to about 1.5 km wide. The complex consists of pervasively disrupted broken formation that originally was mainly tholeiitic pillowed basalt and related fragmental volcanic rocks containing subordinate amounts of argillite, tuff or tuffaceous argillite, radiolarian chert, graywacke, mudstone, siltstone, and carbonate rocks. The unit was originally defined in the Anchorage area by Clark (1973) aBnd subsequently geographically extended to comparable rocks that crop out discontinuously along the north margin of the Chugach and Kenai Mountains (Plafker and others, 1994).GBG002H148IBering GlacierJ TectoniteK2190X localW W#WnWsWWWWW WWWW5WOWRWbW}WWWlocalitiesCWNWNˆ;DMylonitic greenschist. Relict bedding and volcaniclastic textures are retained locally. Elsewhere unit is nearly massive, but cataclasis and neomineralization generally are so pervasive that they obliterate any primary features.GVA005H2190IValdezJ MetamorphicK2190ˆ3offshore@older@Con@onshore@orange@organic@outwashrelatedtomainphaseofwisconsinglaciationsilts@gparallel@Tpartofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventcoarse-grainedho@partofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventequigranularhorn@qf@quadrangle@qredcinderconeanddarkbasaltflowflowcontainsalignedm@reddish-brown@retreat@nrich@ rockdebrisonexistingglaciers@hrocksrolling@rubbly@Usandgravelbouldersdiamictonandrubblecolluviumtalusan@9sandstones@sedimentaryrocks@#separately@shaleandminorsandstonethatisinpartglauconiticrichi@sheared@silt@siltstonesilty@"slope@small-scale@isouthernly@1spherical@spits@isteep@stronglybrecciatedzonesprobablyrepresentingventareasl@submarine@Kwhornblendegranodioritewithgraphicquartzandpotassiumfe(Vhornblende-augiteWhornblende-bearing/Whornblende-biotieWhornblende-biotiteZWWWW W"WLWOWSWTWVWWWWWWhornblende-biotitegranodioriteVhornblende-biotitegranodioriteandquartzmonzoniteVVhornblende-biotitequartzdioriteVhornblende-biotitequartzmonzoniteVhornblende-dacite[Whornblende-feldsparW%Whornblende-kspar-bioWWhornblende-plagiocla WWhornblende-pyroxeneWhornblende-rich9W^WhornblenditeRWdWWWUWhornfelsWWWWWWWhornfelsedhW>Whornfelsedphyllitecordieriteandandalusite-bearingknotty>VhostWXWhot)WfWhoweverWWWWWW#W^WhubbardWWWhummockyWgparallelWWWWpartHWWW WWPWSWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W/W0W7W@WEWFWPWQWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWbWdWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW!W,WUW~WE;ˆB'Quartz-feldspar schist and cataclastiteCJurassic and TriassicDCPart of "diorite complex." Quartz-feldspar schist and cataclastiteFXK-Ar dates of Middle Jurassic for plutonic rocks and Late Triassic for metamorphic rocksGNB002H142INabesnaJIgneousK4410ˆAJTrgB0Pink biotite-hornblende syenite-monzonite gneissCJurassic and TriassicDPart of "diorite complex." Pink biotite-hornblende syenite -monzonite gneiss with thin layers of gray hornblende diorite gneiss, and minor dark biotite schist. Small syenite pegmatite dikesFXK-Ar dates of Middle Jurassic for plutonic rocks and Late Triassic for metamorphic rocksGNB002H145INabesnaJIgneousK4415ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCMiddle and (or) Late TriassicDWeakly metamorphosed, lightly altered tholeiitic basalt that is characteristically amygdaloidal and poorly bedded. Metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite faciesFhK-Ar whole-rock isochron of 112 +/- 11 Ma thought to indicate collosion of Wrangellia with North AmericaGVA002H4420†DIActive and recently active rock glaciers. Chiefly rubble and diamiction.GNB004H404INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrBRock glacier depositsCHoloceneD%Chiefly angular blocks and diamicton.GVA007H11IValdezJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock glacier depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneDIncludes deposits that are active or were recently active in generally well defined lobate forms, and deposits of old, generally inactive, rock glaciers with less well defined and commonly smooth margins. Chiefly rubble and diamictonGGU101H110IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgB Rock glaciersCQuaternary, HoloceneD!Diamicton of active rock glaciersGNB108H510INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgB Rock glaciersC QuaternaryD}Hummocky lobate masses consisting of disarrayed angular and blocky boulders and smaller rocks that are partly cemented by iceGMC100H106IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock glacier depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneXc† APredominantly alluvium deposited by nonglacial streams and outwash deposited by glacial meltwater. Consists of sand and gravel; terminal, lateral, and ground moraine composed of unsorted deposits of boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand left by the retreat of alpine, valley, and regional glaciers; and talus and landslide deposits from adjacent bedrock. Also includes less extensive deposits consisting mostly of sand that may be locally abundant and form such features as beaches, spits, offsB_hore bars in coastal areas, and dunes on the Copper River delta. Surficial deposits, undividedMGCV002H100ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK100N1000‡hDoTwo dikes, of the five observed were accessible and sampled. Both are dark gray slightly porphyritic andesite.GVA007H37IValdezJIgneousK455N4550‡iAQTmaBIWrangell Lava - Massive andesite, dacitic andesite flows and agglutinatesC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneA>100 m thick flows with pronounced columnar jointing exposed in s.w. corner of map. This is the same unit that makes up all the high Tanada peaks in B-6. Flow rocks are gray. Agglutinates are green with clasts of gray glassy dacitic andesite. Rocks locally altered to chlorite and clay minerals. Source(s) unknown.>GNB108H521INabesnaJIgneousK451MALTN4511‡jAQTwiB6Older volcanic and sedimentary rocks - Icefield flows C;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDCMassive flows of high silica andesite capping the Icefields PlateauGNB007H724INabesnaJIgneousK452N4520‡kAQTwtBTanada volcano C1Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene and Pliocene]‰xATholeiitic pillowed basalt, chert, tuff, greywacke, argillite, and phyllite-greenstone deposited along a convergent plate margin as early as Late Triassic continuously into middle Cretaceous. Includes the McHugh Complex, a structurally complex and chaotic assemblage of oceanic rocks containing abundant slightly deformed radiolarian chert; and a mlange-like unit between the McHugh Complex and the Valdez Group (Kv)GMC006H423IMcCarthyJ TectoniteK2190wetopsǂtos‚ɂ_tosvłƂtotstovtpftpstpvtrtrltrptrrtrttstsatsbtsdtsftsltsmtsptsutttvtvutwltwryellow&'ablationWaciticuWactive-WWactivealluvium-Vactivecliff-headdunedepositsVageWWWWWagglutinateW<WWagglutinatesiWWalaskanWWWWWWWWWWWWWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWW\‡‡ATkBKulthieth formationCEoceneAUnit consists of massive to thin-bedded coal-bearing, arkosic sandstone, dark-gray to black carbonaceous siltstone and shale, and minor coal. Sandstone and shale ratios in measured sections average about 1:1. The sandstone varies from massive intervals as much as 492 ft thick to thin bedded and shaly. Bituminous to semianthracite coal in beds as much as 10 ft thick is a conspicuous, but minor part of the sequence. Commonly intensely deformed into imbricated stacks of fault-bounded cheBvron folds with shearing and structural thinning and thickening of coal beds. Mostly nonmarine and has minor tongues of transitional marine strata lithologically similar to the underlying Stillwater Formation and overlying Tokun Formation. Kulthieth formationEplants, and mollusks GCV002H250ICordovaJ SedimentaryK640‡ATrBRedwood FormationCPliocene to Oligocene?[\‡AInterbedded gray to dark-gray and greenish-gray siltstone, mudstone, and sandstone predominate in lower third of formation. Till-like diamictite is interbedded with siltstone and sandstone in all but lowest part of formation and is the dominant rock type in upper part of formation, particularly on Middleton Island. Conglomerate is a minor lithology throughout the formation, and scattered clasts-presumably dropstones-are present in all lithologies. Consists of diverse marine and glaciomarinBe clastic rocks along the Gulf of Alaska margin more than (?) m thick onshore and is widely distributed on the adjacent continental shelf where it is as much as (?) m thick in exploratory wells (Plafker and Addicott, 1976; Plafker and others, 1975). E4Contains an abundant marine megafauna and microfaunaGIB002H131IIcy BayJ SedimentaryK565bs‡‡ATotsB*Orca Group: --Tuffaceous sedimentary rocksCEocene (?) and PaleoceneAORCA GROUP: Tuffaceous sedimentary rocks, volcaniclastic sandstone, and minor chert. Locally, these rocks contain abundant radiolarians and diatoms of probable Tertiary age (table 2). South of the Martin fault, this unit also includes minor pillow basalt and abundant volcanic breccia. The rocks are altered to a bright orange-weathering gossan and are intruded by numerous porphyritic dikes for a distance of 10 mi along the south side of the Martin fault.EDiatoms: Arachinodiscus cf., A. ehrenbergii, Trinacria ef., T. pileclus Silicoflagellates: ?Corbisema geometrica, ?Corbisema hastata, ?Corbisema triacontha, Dictyocha aspera, Navoculopgis constrictaGCV002H272ICordovaJ SedimentaryK950‡ATosB*Orca Group -- Sedimentary rocks, undividedCEocene (?) and Paleocenegu1011ABPQRSen؂قڂۂ悆炆ꂆ낆킇(4569:;AYZ[\]^_3W͂ς䂆mc004$-Lbkymc1004Upms0026cnb002()F^wx΂nb004/?NdlӂԂՂnb007=]iv~̂nb008.>Mтnb10823CDTfo‚܂nb109W@WAWCWDWEWFWGWHWIWJWKWLWMWNWOWRWSWTWUWWWXWYWZW[W\W]W^W_W`WaWbWcWdWeWfWgWiWjWnWoWqWrWsWtWuWwWxWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW†BJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†CAQafB0Alluvium, Coarse-grained alluvial fans and conesCQuaternary, HoloceneDAChiefly gravel and sand that hve been actively water transported.GNB108H505INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†DAQaffB.Alluvium, Fine-grained alluvial fans and conesCQuaternary, HoloceneD5Usually margins of larger fans; chiefly sand and siltGNB108H506INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†EAQafB Alluvial fansCQuaternary, HoloceneDlAlluvial fans and cones; only larger, better defined cones differentiated from Qcu. Chiefly gravel and sandGNB109H302INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†FAQcBColluvial depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDColluvium, undividedGNB002H109INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†GAQcoBColluvial depositsCHoloceneD$Colluvial deposits, river bluff typeGGU002H107IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†HAQswBSlope-wash depositsCQuaternary (Holocene)vcompleteWWWcompletelyW8WcomplexWWWW9WCWDWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWTWUWWWWW=W>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWOW^WbWxWWW]7‡AORCA GROUP: A sequence of thin- to thick-bedded sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone. Abundant sedimentary structures, such as graded bedding, crossbedding, and ripple marks, along with flute, groove, and load casts, indicate deposition from turbidity currents. Sandstone is more abundant than finer-grained rocks. Limestone lenses or concretions are found locally, and these, along with the earlier mentioned conglomerates, are characteristic of sedimentary rocks belonging to the Orca Group.Be Thin-section petrography indicates that most of the sandstones are feldspathic to feldspatholithic.SEPollen: Alnus (Alder) Foraminifers: Globogerina sp., G. senni, Globogerina sp. (hispid), Globorotalia sp. Echinoids: Holaster sp. ?Hypsopygaster sp., NucleopygusGVA003H6271IValdezJ SedimentaryK950W† †!AQuBSurficial deposits, undividedCHoloceneAPredominantly alluvium deposited by nonglacial streams and outwash deposited by glacial meltwater. Consists of sand and gravel; terminal, lateral, and ground moraine composed of unsorted deposits of boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand left by the retreat of alpine, valley, and regional glaciers; and talus and landslide deposits from adjacent bedrock. Also includes less extensive deposits consisting mostly of sand that may be locally abundant and form such features as beaches, spits, offsB_hore bars in coastal areas, and dunes on the Copper River delta. Surficial deposits, undividedMGBG003H100IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK100N1000†"AQuBSurficial deposits, undividedCHoloceneA†JUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQldBDrift of Late Wisconsin ageC PleistoceneDDrift of Late Wisconsin age Ground moraine, chiefly diamiction. Includes minor fluvioglacial deposits of gravel and sand and scattered pond and fine-grained alluvial deposits of sand, silt, and clay.GNB004H409INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQmdBDrift of Main Wisconsin ageC PleistoceneD>Drift of Main Wisconsin age Ground moraine, chiefly diamicton.GNB004H410INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQogBDrift of Older GlaciationsC PleistoceneDBDrift of Older Glaciations Chiefly diamicton and boulder deposits.GNB004H411INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQygB'Drift of younger (Wisconsin) glaciationC PleistoceneDWell defined lateral moraines high on the valley walls of the Dadina, Chetaslina, and East Fork of the Chetaslina Rivers. Diamicton.GVA007H21IValdezJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwmcB8Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - Channeled ground moraineCQuaternary, Pleistoceneb0.65mW1.7-1.0pWWWWWagenotgivenVVVVVVVValbian4WandW)W0W@WFWKWMWOWSWTWWWaWeWfWhWiWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWWWWWWWWWWWWW W+WiWjWkWlWmWnWpWtWuWvWwWxWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW#W'W)W-W0W5W:W<WgWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW ˆnBCValdez Group -- Interbedded metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks-CLate CretaceousAdApproximately equal amounts of interbedded metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Metavolcanic rocks are chiefly semischistose metatuff and breccia, including local probable pillow lava. Metasedimentary rocks chiefly slate and phyllite, although metasiltstone and metasandstone are interbedded in many places. Dominantly greenschist facies metamorphism.dGBG002H145IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2702ˆoAKvvsB@Valdez Group: Interbedded metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocksCLate CretaceousAEqual proportions of interbedded metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Metavolcanic--semischistose metatuff and breccia and minor pillow basalt. Metasedimentary--slate, phyllite, with metasilstone and metasandstone interbedding. Variable metamorphic grades.GCV003H555ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2702ˆpAKvvsB9Valdez Group: Interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocksCLate Cretaceous†D.Mount Sanford volcano, low-silica dacite flowsGNB008H813INabesnaJIgneousK301N3014†AQsyB^Mount Sanford volcano -- Young basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lavas, undifferentiatedC PleistoceneD\Mount Sanford volcano, young basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lavas, undifferentiatedGNB008H814INabesnaJIgneousK301N3014†AQsoB-Mount Sanford volcano -- Older volcanic rocksC PleistoceneDMount Sanford volcano, older volcanic rocks. Chiefly interlayered thick lava flows, flow breccias, and debris and mudflow deposits that are mostly of andesitic or basaltic andesitic composition.GNB008H816INabesnaJIgneousK301N3014†AQbfBFlowsC PleistoceneDFlows are equivalent to the olivine andesite flows (unit Qf) mapped in the contiguous Nabesna B-6 quadrangle (Richter and others, 1993).GNB008H832INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010†AQaaBAndesite agglutinateC Pleistocene ;rockdebrisonexistingglaciersVrockglacierdepositVrockisdarkgreengrayfinetomeduimgrainedsubophiticinVrock-glaciereWrockerWWW-WrockfallseWrocksSWjWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWW+W1W2W4W6W9W:W;W<W>W?WYW[W\W^WaWiWlWoWpWtWuWwWyW{W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWchieflytalusbutincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesrockOVEV`Vchieflywell-sortedgravelandsandalsominorsiltandboulqVrVchieflywell-sortedgravelandsandminorsiltandboulders7V8VchinopyroxeneWchipsW}Wchisana&WchitinaWWWW8WWWWWWWWWWWWWW WbWWWWWWchititu+WchitnaWWchloriteiWtW}W~WWWWWWW&W_WgWWchloritizationXWchloritizedyWchocolate-brown8WchoritetWuWvWchritistoneWchugachW=WWcinderWWW,W-W.W0W2WFW{WWWcinderconeconsistschieflyofunconsolidatedrubbleofden2Vcindercones-Vcinderconesandassociatedflows,Vcinder/spatterWcirculationWWWcitedWckickaloon*Wclark=WclastWclast-supportedWWWWWWWW-WW%9JˆDUpper Part: thin-bedded, fine-grained limestone, interbedded with thin beds of argillite and carbonaceous shale. Minor beds of calcareous sandstone and grit Lower Part: fine-grained, massive limestone with chert lensesEW20W4WWWWWW-W20-30W200W8W2000lW200mW230W25WWWWW25-35W250W2710wW285W29WWunsorted W!W"W#WMWZW[W]W_W`WWWWW(W+WFWunsortedangulardebrisranginginsizefromsilttoblocksVVunstableWWWunweatheredWWWWunweatheredpoorlysortedpebbletobouldersizedrockdebriVVVupiWWW-W>WWWWWWWupliftWWWuponWupperWWWWWWWWWW0W7W@WWWWWWWWWWWWW WKW\WgW}WWupperamphibolitefaciesschistandgneissinterlayeredatsVVuppergreenschisttoamphibolitefaciesschistderivedfromVVupperklawasimudvolcanoconechieflysiltandclaydepositVupperpartargillitegraywackeandmudstonescappedbysandsVupperpartthin-beddedfine-grainedlimestoneinterbeddedwiVupwardWWWWuranatinaWW\W.WWWWWWWWWW +retreat W!W"W#WWretreatsOWretrogradedWreworkedOW+WWEW`Wrhyodacite(W:W@WKWYW\W]W_WWWWWWWWWrhyodaciteandrhyolitedomesassociatednueeardenteandaiVrhyodacitedomeandflowKVrhyodaciteflowswithminorsandstonesandlesserdacitefloVrhyoliteAWFWJW]W^W_W`WbWdWmWWWWWWWWWWWWrWrhyolitecinderconeandassociatednueeardentedepositsFVrhyolitedikesandlaccolithsdVrhyolitedomeandflow`VbVrhyolitedomeexposedchieflyinadjacentnabesnaa-5quadraVrhyolitedomesJVrhyoliticWWWWrhythmicallyiWWWWWWribbonWribbon-like WWrubbleNWRWWW\WaWhWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW2WWWWWWsanddunesV@~thin-beddedWWWWW3W4W@WWWWWWW!W2W|Wthin-sectionWWWWthinly/WWW:W;Wthinner-beddedW\WthinningWWWWthirdWWWCWNWthisiWWWWWWWWWWCWNWpWqWtWuWvWWWWWWW,WthisunitconsistsofmassivegreenstonemetamorphosedpillotVthisunitiscomposedofapproximatelyequalamountsofintepVtholeiiteWtholeiiticWWWWW=WsWWWWWW]WxW~WWtholeiiticmetabasaltandbasalticmetatuffincludinglocalsVtholeiiticpillowbasaltpillowbrecciaandminoraquagenetVtholeiiticpillowedbasaltcherttuffgreywackeargilliteanxVthoroughlyW#WthoseWthoughtHWW/WW^Wz‡‡ATdBDacite of Cape Saint EliasCPliocene or MioceneDProminent very pale gray dacite plug complex that forms Cape Saint Elias and Pinnacle Rock at southwestern end of Kayak Island. Dacite is very dense and hard and is conspicuously jointed. Microgranitic and porphyritic texture.FWhole-rock K-Ar age of 6.2 MaGCV003H200ICordovaJIgneousK1053‡ATdBRhyolite porphyry and graniteCPliocene(?) or Miocene(?)DDiscordant hypabyssal plutons and related dikes at Mt. Owen and on east flank of Mt. Cook. Vary from porphyritic to fine-grained, hypidiomorphic and equigranular.GMS002H29IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1053‡ATpBYounger porphyryCTertiaryDPorphyries ranging from andesite to rhyodacite. Dikes and sills with alteration. Porphyries may represent hypabyssal equivalent of the older part of the Wrangell LavaF,K-Ar data yields ages between 17 and 39 m.y.GNB002H126INabesnaJIgneousK1055‡ATpB Andesite plugCTertiaryi metamorphic$;LXcdefghinorstuvwxyz{|}~Ȃɂʂ˂ׂڂ܂ꂈ삈"#$%()+./0123456789:;<=>?@ABSTUV[^gy&vdivideWdoWdocumentsWdodds8WdoesW^WdolomiteWWW1W\W}WdolomiticWWdolomitizedWWdolostoneWdolostone-rich}WdomeW W9WAWGWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWYW_W`WbWWWWWWWWWWdome-3[Wdome-flowMWdomelike?WdomesWIWJWZW[W]W^W_WfWnWWWWWWWWdominaeWdominancecWTWdominantWWWWWdWWWUWdominantlyWW W WW4W>WAWnW}WWWWWWWW7W9WWW~WWdominantlyandesiticvolcaniclasticrocksproductsoflatetWVdominantlycalcareousmetasedimentaryrocksschistphylliteVdominantlyfinetomedium-grainedequigranulartoseriatehy V VVc‰AZWave-deposited, coarse-grained material and driftwood along seacoast; fine-grained sediment in mud flats of Copper River Delta; and marine uplift terraces. Successive spit-building episodes of progressive gradation are preserved in beach sequences along coastal lowland between Cape Yakataga and Bering Glacier. Boulders, gravel, sand, and siltZGCV004H709ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK115N1150qsurficialWWW W!W"W#W$W%WsurficialdepositsVsurficialdepositsundifferentiatedVsurficialdepositsundivided V!V"V#Vsuslota[Wsuslotapasspluton[VswampyWsyeniteWsyenite-monzoniteWtalkeetnaWWWWWWtalkeetnaformationVWVtalkeetnaformationsandstoneVtalusIWJUVWXYtalusdepositsIVVVtanadakWtanadavolcanokVtephraW!WWWterminalWterminallateralandgroundmoraineVterraneWW.W;WcWdWWWWWWWWW#WSWTWUWwWterranesWtetelna*W+W,W-Wtetelnavolcanics*V+V,V-VtetlinGWKWtheWWWWWWW W$Wthick:WthinWthin-beddedWWthin-beddedlimestoneVVWWWWWtokunformationVVVVVtonaliteWW W"WLWWWblockeWhWiWWWWWW WGWWblocksWWWWWWWW"W'W(W0W2W@W*WCWNWWWWWWQWeWfWnWoWblocksandsmallerfragmentsofhornblendedaciteincrudely"VblockyWxWblowWWblueschist<WcWWWTWblueschist-facies[WbluffGWLWbluffsQWZW[W]WFWLWMWWblyingWWbodiesWWWWWW W WWW*WtWuWvWWWWWW#WboldWWbombvWbombsW'W0WWWfWborderWWW WWWWYWjWzWmWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWW+WWbread-crust2WbrecciaWW#W6W@WvWwW|WWWWWWWbrecciasWWWWW6WCWaWfWnWoW{WWWWbrecciatedWbrightWWW mount6WcWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW'WzW{WWWWWWWWWW2W6W7WBWkWWmountsaintelias6VVVVVVVVVVVV V VV'VzV{VVVVVVVVVV2V6V7VBVkVVmountsaniteliasVmountsteliascVnabesna()./23<=>?CDEFMNT\]^dfilovwx~‚˂̂΂т҂ӂԂՂւ܂݂ႆ₆ゆ肆삆  ˆ F/K-Ar on biotite and hornblende of 8.4+0.25 m.y.GMC002H30IMcCarthyJIgneousK1250ˆ ATiBIntrusive rocksCTertiaryA5Elongate plutons, emplaced in Valdez Group, of medium-grained, hypidiomorphic-granular granodiorite and tonalite, late-stage dikes and sills of dacite. Assumed to be partial melt of flysch of Valdez Group. Similar rocks in Bering Quad. A dacite phase of inferred correlative in Anchorage Quad provided K-Ar5F)K-Ar (from Anchorage quad) of 33.9+2 m.y.GMC002H26IMcCarthyJIgneousK1273ˆ ATiB GranodioriteCMiocene and OligoceneDDominantly fine- to medium-grained, equigranular to seriate hypidiomorphic muscovite-biotite and biotite granodiorite and related rocks in 10 small, widely distributed bodies cut diverse older plutonic and metamorphic rocksFiK-Ar ages on mica yielded 20.9, 24.1, and 30.6 Ma; dates on possibly related dikes were 25.3 and 23.5 Ma.GMS002H19IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1273ˆ ATi?B GranodioriteCMiocene and OligoceneproducedWWWproductsKWWWWprogenitorsWproglacialWprogressiveWWprominentWWWprominenteskerschieflygravelandsomesandVprominentverypalegraydaciteplugcomplexthatformscapeVpronoucedW^WpronouncedWW8W;WiWWprophyyriticWproportionOWWEW`WproportionsWWWoWpropyliticTWpropylitizedBWprotolith|WWWWW[WlWWWRWpryoclasticWpsammiticWptarmiganWW WpumiceWW'W(WWWpumiceous2WWpyriteWWWWWWpyriticWWWWWWpyroclasitcWpyroclasticWWWW#W)WtW~WWWWWWWWpyroxeneUWlWWWpyroxeniteWWXWZWpyrrhotiteWpzmWpzsWqbcWWqbtWqcrZW[W]WWFWqcu?WEWqdaaWqdac<Wqdd3WexhibitsWexistingWWWWWWexogenousWexoticWexpectedW^WexploratoryWWexplosivefWexpose^WexposedW$W%WiWWWWWWWWtWuWvWWeWnWoWvWWexposureXW/jatleast2000mofflowstephraandminorsedimentaryrocks@7avalanche@&basaltandbasalticandesitecinderconeschieflyscoriablo@basalticpyroclasticandflowrocksincludingminorpillowed@0baultoff@beaches@belonging@better@block@uboth@bouldery@bright-red@building@plains(W,W.W/W0W1W2W3W<WnWpWWCWDWplaneWWWplatexWplateauWWWWWWjWplateausWplatyWpleistoceneqWrWsWtWuWvWWHWIWWWWWpliensbachianWplpsc WplugQWWWWplugsUWgWWWWWWWWWWW WWplutoWplutonWW"WUWWWWW>WplutonicW W WWW#W<WEWFWPWQWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWdWWWWWWWWWUWYW^WjWvWzWWplutonicphaseofthewrangelllavaexposedmainlyathawkinvVrWsWtWuWvWpredominantlyalluviumdepositedbynonglacialstreamsando V!V"V#VpredominantlycolluviumbutincludesalargepercentageofaPVpresentWWWWWWWWWWpresent-dayBWpresently Wpresumed W ˆˆAPzgBGabbro and leucogabbroC(Late Paleozoic, Permian to PennsylvanianDGabbroic rocks rocks consisting of sills, dikes, and discordant plutons. Medium- to coarse-grained, massive to foliated, altered gabbro, leucogabbro, and minor diorite. Coextensive with layered gabbro in the McCarthy quadrangle.FK-Ar age on actinolitic amphibole of 246 +/- 12 Ma, thought to be minimum age, may be partially reset by intrusion of nearby Late Jurassic hornblende granodiorite pluton.GVA002H5460IValdezJIgneousK5460ˆAPgoBGabbro and OrthogneissC PennsylvanianDInterlayered quartz monzonite gneiss, monzonite gneiss, and associated altered and foliated gabbro, with minor dioritic phases. Gabbro and orthogneiss extend into Valdez Quad.F>Biotite of the gneiss yields a radiometric date of 271+11 m.y.GMC002H5IMcCarthyJIgneousK5460ˆAPzgBGabbro and AnorthositeCLate Paleozoic (?)DVMedium-grained leucocratic gabbro and hornblende gabbro mixed with altered anorthositeGNB002H166INabesnaD‰T‰UAKhcBHaley Creek terraneCmid-Cretaceous?AMetamorphosed complexly deformed and tectonically mixed plutonic and sedimentary rocks. Metaplutonic rocks are most abundant in southern part of the terrane and are compositionally diverse and weakly to strongly foliated. Although diorite and granodiorite are most abundant lithologies, compositions range from trondjhemite to hornblende gabbro and hornblendite. Amphibolite is is widespread within the metaplutonic rocks. Metasedimentary rocks are dominant in northern part of terrane wherBe marble, metapelite, metapsammite are structurally mixed with subordinate metaplutonic rocks. Unit deleted and merged with Jag (NSA = 5245){GVA005H2700IValdezJ MetamorphicK5245‰VAKvmB)Valdez Group -- Amphibolite-facies flyschCLate CretaceousD1Flysch metamorphosed to amphibolite-facies schistGVA006H6029IValdezJ MetamorphicK2710‰WAJTrtBTalkeetna FormationC#Early Jurassic and Late Triassic(?)F‰ ‰APmBMonzonitic-Granitic ComplexCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianAnMedium-grained, equigranular granitic rocks with fine- to coarse-grained variants. Abundant granite and quartz monzonite and some quartz syenite, syenite, and monzonite, with border zones of quartz monzodiorite, monzodiorite, and gabbro. In both the Bering Glacier and McCarthy Quads. Correlates with Ahtell pluto of E Alaska Range (pluton has a K-Ar of 285 m.y.)nFOHornblende of monzonite and quartz monzonite gives age of 295+8 and 297+9 m.y..GMC002H6IMcCarthyJIgneousK5870‰APamBMonzonite, syenite, gabbroCMiddle PennsylvanianAMassive to schistose, medium- to coarse-grained monzonite, syenite, gabbro, contains local inclusions of meta-andesite. Chiefly pink to gray-green monzonite and syenite, consisting of hornblende, K-spar, biotite, and plagioclase with local K-spar rich areas up to 8 cm diameterGBG002H220IBering GlacierJIgneousK5870‰APagBDiorite and quartz diorite1V†SAColluvium underlying gently to moderately steep slopes mostly on northwestern and northern flanks of Mount Drum above about 1200 m. Includes volcanic debris flows and rocks derived from more easily weathered bedrock locally mixed with glacial deposits of pre-Wisconsin age.GGU101H108IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070dark-graysiliciceousorganic-richsiltstoneexposedonlyne@dark-gray-weathering@dark-greenish-grayfine-grainedtoweaklyporphyriticandesi@debrisderivedfromcollapseofadomeonsanfordvolcanofl@3denseflowswithlocalizedcolumnarjointinggrayolivineba@#depositsdepositsinbithactiverockglaciersandinactiverockglac@Odepositsinhigherterracesalongmajorstreamsandinoldd@`|‰FAQdBWrangell Lava - Dacite FlowCQuaternary, PleistoceneDMassive single flow unit, with dark-gray glassy base, light-gray crystalline interior, and vapor-phase vesicular top. Rocks contain small phenocrystsGNB109H315INabesnaJIgneousK336N3360‡?AQrBWrangell Lava - RhyodaciteCQuaternary, PleistoceneDThick, massive flows and irregular domelike masses locally exhibiting highly contorted columnar jointing. Rocks are light gray to pinkish gray and contain altered hornblendeGNB109H322INabesnaJIgneousK336N3360‡@AQrb9‡K675‡ATrBRedwood FormationCOligocene (?) and MioceneAMarine siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The sandstone member consists of about two-thirds thick-bedded sandstone and one-third silty sandstone and siltstone. The characteristic conglomeratic beds show complete gradation from coarse, clast-supported conglomerate to matrix-supported conglomeratic mudstone and sandstone in which coarse clasts are suspended in the matrix. The siltstone, mudstone, and claystone are similar in appearance to parts of the underlying Poul Creek Formation,Bx but they contain few or no concretions, no glauconitic or volcanic beds, and are sandier and more resistant to erosion.fEmollusks, and foraminiferaGBG003H230IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK675‡ATrBRedwood FormationCOligocene (?) and Miocene GolderHWIWbWqWrWsWtWuWWWWW,~@‰ APart of Mankomen Group. Thin- to thick-bedded fossiliferous limestone occuring at the base of the Eagle Creek Formation. Base is a coarse-grained clastic limestone. Gabbroic dikes and sills. Equivalent to parts of the Cache Creek Group and the Skolai GroupGNB002H123INabesnaJ SedimentaryK5756metasedimentary--sla@metavolcanic--semisc@middleton@6minormixed@lmorainal@mostlybiotitetonalitebutalsoincludesbiotite-muscovite@mostlybiotitetonaliteweaklyfoliatedsyn-dplutons@fmostlyhornblende-biotitetonalitebutalsoincludesbiotite@mostlytabularorlenticularbodiesofmaficvolcanicrocks@mountsanfordvolcanodikesundifferentiated@d†DArea of drift deposits, mainly ground moraine, extensively channeled and eroded by glacier melt-water streams. Channels contain some gravel and sand, overlain in many places by silty organic depositsGGU101H117IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwmB.Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - Ground moraineCQuaternary, PleistoceneADrift, mostly gently rolling to undulating ground moraine exhibiting some linear and few drumlinoidal ridges. Includes outwash in channels cut into drift by glacier melt-water streams and some ice-contact deposits, lateral moraines, and colluvial deposits. Ponds numerous locally. Chiefly diamicton. In channels, swales and some ridges, gravel and sand; near ponds, silty organic depositsGGU101H118IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwmlB0Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - Lateral morainesCQuaternary, PleistoceneDRMostly lateral moraines perched along valley walls. Chiefly diamicton and rubble.GGU101H119IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK135qˆZDPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende quartz diorite and syenodiorite, and subordinate leucocratic hornblende granodiorite. Locally strongly foliatedGNB002H131INabesnaJIgneousK2540ˆ[AKsdBSuslota Pass PlutonC CretaceousDLPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende dioriteF.K-Ar data yields ages between 105 and 117 m.y.GNB002H132INabesnaJIgneousK2540ˆ\AKddBDevils Mountain PlutonC CretaceousDPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende diorite, quartz diorite, and hornblende granodiorite. Strongly porpytically altered.F.K-Ar data yields ages between 105 and 117 m.y.GNB002H136INabesnaJIgneousK2540ˆ]AKcsBChisana PlutonC CretaceousDPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular clinopyroxene diorite, clinopyroxene syenodiorite, and clinopyroxene-hornblende monzoniteF.K-Ar data yields ages between 105 and 117 m.y.GNB002H137INabesnaJIgneousK2540ˆ^AKkdZ-largerareasofpoorlysortedangulardepositsformingconesVVVlargerdepositsofunsortedangularrockdebrisderivedbym_VlargergreenstonemasseswithinthemelangefaciesoftheyaVlargerlandslidesarrowsshowdownslopemovementdirectioncVgVlargerlensesandbedsofwellroundedandsortedpebbleandVlargerlenticularbodiesto300mthickofmassivelaumonite-VlargersanddunesassociatedwithpresentbeachesandstreamVlateWWWW*WWWW WWWWYW^WgWjWxWzWWlate-stage Wlateral W!W"W#WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWaWbWcWWrerelicsofextVlateralmorainessomeofwhichhavegentlyslopingridgecreVlaterallyWWWWWWlatestYWWlathsWlatiteWlaumonite-richW‡CTertiaryA1Extensive, thin to locally thick (as much as 35 m), lava flows and subordinate interlayered lahars and lapilli tuffs that show an aggregate thickness of more than 1000 m. Basalt to dacite, but predominantly basaltic andesite and andesite. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; intracaldera(?) rocks1FJ20.0 +/- 0.6 my, K/Ar, whole rock from a flow high in intracaldera sectionGMC003H219IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATbcBBasalt cinder cone and flowCTertiaryDRed cinder cone and dark basalt flow. Flow contains aligned microphocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; intracaldera(?) rocksGMC003H308IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATmB Mudflows(?)CTertiaryr?‰%FGBG002H190IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK5955ˆKDTetlin phase. Poyphyritic quartz monzonite with abundant and conspicuous orthoclase phenocrysts in a medium- to coarse-grained hypidiomorphic-granular matrix of plagioclase, quartz, biotite, and hornblende. Rocks are non-foliated.GNB004H421INabesnaJIgneousK2475ˆLAKgBAltered tonaliteC CretaceousDFine- to medium-grained, equigranular to seriate, hypidiomorphic and foliate hornblende-biotite tonalite. Mafic grains are oriented; most samples are pervasively sheared and altered along fractures. Intrude Yakutat Group melange facies.FKK-Ar age reported on something related to pluton at 100 Ma (report unclear)GYA002H43IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2493MALTˆMAKumBUltramafic rocksCCretaceous (?)DUSerpentinite, serpentinized periodotite, and dunite, with subordinate clinopyroxeniteGNB002H165INabesnaJIgneousK2510ˆNAKvuBValdez Group: Ultramafic rocksCLate CretaceousˆˆAKysBYakutat Group -- flysch faciesCCretaceous and Jurassic(?)AYakutat Group is a heterogeneous assemblage including clastic sedimentary rocks, altered volcanic rocks, chert, carbonate, and granitic rocks. Two major subdivisions that are commonly structurally juxtaposed, a flysch facies and a melange facies. Flysch facies is dominatly dense, hard, poorly sorted gray to brown feldspathic to lithofeldspathic sandstone (graywacke), pebble-cobble conglomerate, and shale-chip conglomerate in thick channel deposits or rhythmically interbedded and graded wB1ith gray to black siltstone, argillite, or slate.GMS002H45IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK2841ˆAKys?B!Yakutat Group -- flysch facies(?)CCretaceous and Jurassic(?)G‡A Semi-indurated rocks are light gray and consist of unsorted blocks, pumice, and ash of hornblende dacite generally overlying finer grained and stratified airfall beds of same composition. Upper 20 m. form bold light-gray cliffs with weakly developed columnar joints GGU101H143IGulkanaJIgneousK311N3110ainterbeddedglaciolacustrineglacialandalluvialdepositsiVOVinterbeddedgraytodark-grayandgreenish-graysiltstonemuVVinterbeddedlakeandglacialdepositsofthecopperriverbaVNVinterbeddedvolcanicflowsvolcanicmudanddebrisavalanche,VinterbeddingWoWinterbedsWWWWWWW3W7WWWWWtandamphibolitelargeVintercalcatedcWintercalcatedlowergreenschistandtransistionalblueschistcVinterchannel/WinterfaceWWWintergrownWWinterior>WinterlayeredWW6WWWWWWWWgWWWintermediatenWWWWintermittentWintermixed0WinternaliWjWkWlWmWinterpillowWWWinterpretedWWintersticesWinterstitialjWkWlWmWintertidalWWintertidalmudandsanddepositedinswampareasbetweenbeaVVintertonguesWWWintervalW"siltstoneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W.W/W0W1W3W4W5W6W7W8W=W@WeWpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWW W!W"W_WwWW[‡‡AQaBWrangell Lava - Andesite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDA variety of medium to thick andesite flows apparently from a number of local but largely unknown source areas. Rocks range from light to dark gray and are not conspicuously porphyriticF:K-Ar date on plagioclase indicates age of 1.46 +/- 0.03 myGNB109H320INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQbtBWrangell Lava - Basalt TuffCQuaternary, PleistoceneAChiefly palogonitized air-fall lapilli tuff and ash and accretionary lapilli in beds and massive structureless tuff and block breccia. Rocks are semi-indurated and characteristically buff to yellow orange. Block, lapilli, and ash fragments consist wholly of glassy scoria containing phenocrysts. Apparently erupted from sub-ice vent(s) of the Ice Fields Plateau. Other basalt tuff deposits may not be contemporaneousGNB109H321INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQmbfB.Wrangell Lava - Massive Basaltic Andesite FlowCQuaternary, Pleistocene=coalescingUWWcoalikeWcoalyWWcoarsefW|WWWWWW+W,W-WWWWWW&W(Wcoarsequartz-biotiteschistalteredandcataclasticmeta-anVcoarse-grainedWWWW!WDWEWKWRWaW~WWWWWWWWW W WWWWWW*W/W0W1W5WWWcoarselyWWcoarser[Wcoarser-grainedW_Wcoasre3Wcoasregrainedrecrystallizedlimestonelocallyfossiliferou3V[W\W]WWWcolluviumalongthehighsteepbluffsofthecopperriveranZV[V]VcolluviumonriverbluffsdevelopedinunconsolidateddeposiQVcolluviumunderlyinggentlytomoderatelysteepslopesmostlSVcolluviumundividedFVcolor Wcolumnar WWWW8W9W;W<W?WiWxWcolumnar-jointed Wcommon.WaW8W[WWWWcommonlyBWWWWWWWWWWWpartofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventequigranularhornPVQVSVTVZV[V\V^VpartofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventequigranularquarYVpartofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventmediumtocoarse-aVpartofdioritecomplexhornblendedioritewithsubordinateVpartofdioritecomplexmediumtocoarse-grainedbytowniteaVpartofdioritecomplexmediumtocoarse-grainedhornblendeVpartofdioritecomplexpinkbiotite-hornblendesyenitemonzVpartofdioritecomplexquartz-feldsparschistandcataclastVpartofmankomengroupthintothick-beddedfossiliferousli Vpartofmankomengroupthin-beddedargilliteandsiliceouss!VpartofmankomengroupvolcanicsiltstonesandstoneandcongVpartofthemiddlecretacousplutoniceventrocksaremainlyEVFVpartial Wpartially{WWWW^W|WW?qal,./124Wqda&'qdaa?@CDEFLMNOPQRSTUabcijknqrtuvwxy{|}~₇ !$%&(),@ABDEFGHIJKMPQRSTXYZ[\]^_`aЂт҂ӂԂނよ䂈炈낈킈  !*,-./34<=>?@A;shaleandminorsandstonethatisinpartglauconiticrichiVshale-chipWWWWshalesWWWWshallowHWRWWWW3W4W5WwW|W}WshallowplutonsHVshalyWWWW3WWshapedWWshapesrWsharedCWNWsharp8WmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWshieldandintracalderalavaschieflyandesitekVshieldlavasVshieldsWshoreWshorelineWWWshorelinesWshortWWZWshortflowsandsmallirregularmassesintimatelyassociatedVshowcWgWWWWWWWWWWshownWsideWWWsignificantWWsignificantlyWsilicaNWOWjWsilica-richWsiliceousWWsiliciceousWsilicieous0WsiliciousWWsillsBWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW-WWeˆC"Lower Cretacous and Upper JurassicDMarine assemblage of dark argillite, gray siltstone, and graded beds of argillite-siltstone-graywacke. Contact metamorphism with the quartz diorite (Kg) has resulted in a banded calc-silicate hornfelsE*Sparse Buchia indicate a late Mesozoic ageGNB108H539INabesnaJ SedimentaryK2820ˆATKcBConglomerate and sandstoneCTertiary and CretaceousDnGreen-gray to brown-gray pebble-to-boulder conglomerate, conglomeritic sandstone, and coarse-grained sandstoneGNB002H147INabesnaJ SedimentaryK2824ˆAKysBYakutat Group -- flysch faciesCCretaceous and Jurassic(?)l'ˆ-BContinental sedimentary rocksCTertiary and CretaceousAFPredominantly conglomerate, grit, and coarse sandstone. Conglomerate ranges from clast-supported massive beds to bedded conglomerate sandstone. Clasts (up to 20 cm) rounded to subrounded crystalline rock, gneiss, gray chert, greenstone, and quartz (Cret. or older). Intruded by hornblende dacite sills in lower Rocker CreekFE@fragments of lignitized wood (up to 30 cm long) locally abundantGMC003H307IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK1941ˆ.AKunB0Nonmarine sedimentary rocks - Wrangellia TerraneCLate CretaceousD0Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstoneE!Locally contains abundant fossilsGGU003H336IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK1941ˆ/AKmuB!Matanuska Formation -- upper partC1Late Cretaceous -- mid-Coniacian to MaestrichtianZtovsÂtp tpftpstpvtqdtrtrcۂtrcgtrcmtrcnւ݂}trg߂trlႈЂՂ\|trmtsatsbtsdtsftsltsmtsptsq!tsutt tvtvutwltwryellow&'ablationWaciticuWactive-WWactivealluvium-Vactivecliff-headdunedepositsVageWWWWWagglutinateW<WWagglutinatesiWWalaskanWWWWWWWWWWWWWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValexanderWalluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWgw†DAndesite agglutinate, local source probably derived from the collapse of a large cinder/spatter cone in the area now covered by a younger dacitic center in the adjacent Nabesna A-5 quadrangle.GNB008H835INabesnaJIgneousK355N3551†AQdvBAndesite flowsC PleistoceneDMt. Drum volcano. Medium to dark gray, porphyritic olivine-bearing andesite lava flows containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, olivine, and orthopyroxene in a cryptocrystalline groundmass.GVA007H3IValdezJIgneousK301N3013‡AQwcBMt. Wrangell west summit craterCHoloceneD#Altered flows, breccias, and tuffs.GVA007H30IValdezJIgneousK301MALTN3011‡AQwBMt. Wrangell shield lavaC QuaternaryDyMt. Wrangell shield lava. Medium to dark gray, moderately to highly porphyritic two-pyroxene high-silica andesite flows.F0Whole rock K/Ar ages range from 282 ka to 516 kaGVA007H13IValdezJIgneousK301N3011‡AQwvB(Mt. Wrangell valley-fill and basin lavasC QuaternarySasequenceofthintothick-beddedsandstonesiltstoneandmVasequenceoftiltedandinterlayeredporphyritictoaphanitVastructurallychaoticmelange-likeunitofaccretedoceanic=Vvichieflylighttomediumgraydaciterockswithphenocrystso\Vchieflylimestoneanddolomiteminorchertandmarblelocall}VchieflylimestoneanddolostoneminorchertandmarblebothVchieflymudVchieflymudclayeysiltdepositedbywarmna-hco3-richsalinVchieflyolivinebasaltandbasalticandesite/V3Vchieflypalagonitizedair-falllapillituffaccretionalylapVchieflypalogonitizedair-falllapillituffandashandaccrVchieflyphyllitewithsubordinateschistosepebbleconglomer=VchieflyquartzmonzodioritebutcompositionallydiverserangVVchieflyrubbleanddiamictonVchieflysandgravelandbouldersmayincludesomediamictonmVchieflyschistosefine-grainedmetaandesitetuffandflowsa5VchieflysiltclayfinesandpeatandotherorganicmaterialzVchieflytalusandslopedebristhathasnotbeenactivelywaTVchieflytalusbutalsoincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesMVubothW#W<WhWWWCWNWWWWW WWdWWbothhavemarkedlateralchangesinthicknesslowestchitistVbottomWWWbottomsW W WW4WtWwW}WboudinsWboulderAWBWHWJWWWWWWWWWWW6WWWboulder-cobbleWboulders W!W"W#W(W,W.W/W0W2W7W8W9W:W;W=W>W?W@WKWMWOWTWWWZW[W]WlWmWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWW+WWCWDWEWFWHWIW`WWWWWWWWWW#W6W@WvWwW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWnWoWpWqWWWW&W(W5WbrecciasWWWWW6WCWaWfWnWoW{WWWWAWbrecciatedWWW&WbreciasWbrightWWWq*quartz-calciteWquartz-chlorite4Wquartz-dioriteWquartz-feldsparYWWW7W9Wquartz-mica=Wquartz-muscoviteAWquartz-muscovite-chlAWquartz-muscovite-felWquartz-muscovite-felschistVquartz-rich3WjWkWlWmW~WW%WquartziteW4W<W=WWquartzofeldspathic|WWWWWWWWWWWWWquestionablyWquiteWWWWqvaeWqwg\WqwwvOWradialgWradialdikeswarmandplugsgVradiate9Wradiolaria<Wradiolarian=WWxWradiolariansWWW<WraggedWWWrandomlyWWjWkWlWmWrangeW(WmWWWWWWdWjWkWlWmWWWW W WWUWgWWL‡AUnit consists of locally variable amounts of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. In some cases unit is marginal to thicker sequences composed of pillowed and massive basalt flows. The lithologies are quite variable throughout the study area. In Ragged mountains volcaniclastic and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks are abundant, and pillow basalt is rare. These rocks are typically metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies and on Knight Island they have been converted to a hard hornfBPels by the abundant sills(?). Interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks>EForaminifers: Globigerina or Subbotina; Globigerina sp. (?) Globorotalia sp.; Globigerina cf. G. senni, Globorotalia sp., ?Eoconuloides parvulus, Globigerina sp. (high spired), Globigerina sp. (hispid)GCV002H332ICordovaJ SedimentaryK951MHFS‡‡ATpsB3Sedimentary rocks, undivided (Poul Creek Formation)CMiocene, Oligocene, and EoceneAConcretionary pyritic, and glauconitic reddish-weathering, ark-gray to greenish-gray siltstone, claystone, and sandstone with subordinate dark-brown, laminated organic-rich shale, and gray calcareous sandstone; also includes thin interbeds of basaltic tuff locally. Occurrence of shales as much as 800 ft thick that have high organic-carbon contents (as much as 7.57 percent), extractable petroleum (0.8 gallons per ton), abundant glauconite, and common pyrite are suggestive of deposition in Bpart under conditions of restricted bottom circulation. Intercalated basaltic fragmental rocks and less common pillow basalt (unit Tpv) indicate episodic submarine mafic volcanism in the basin.Emollusks, and foraminiferaGBG003H235IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK680‡ATpsB3Sedimentary rocks, undivided (Poul Creek Formation)CMiocene, Oligocene, and EoceneˆAzAmphibolite-facies schist, banded gneiss, and migmatitic gneiss. Fine- to coarse-grained but mostly medium- to coarse-grained. Gray to light gray, and characteristically weathers rusty brown. Layering is irregular and inhomogeneous with discontinuous quartz-rich layers and lenses alternating with finer-grained, streaky, biotite -rich layers. Intruded by stockwork of dikes.zGBG002H146IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2715fans,W>W@WAWBWCWDWEWfaults6W7W8W9WfelsicWW'WfelsicdikesVfelsicgraniticrocks'VfelsictointermediatehypabyssalintrusiverocksVfillWfine-grained3WDWzW}W~WWfine-graineddepositszV}V~VVfiordWWWWWflowWWWWWWW W#W%W6W<W>WAWNWWWwWWWWW)WdWeWflowandpyroclasticrocksfrommtwrangelldaciteandesiteVflowandpyroclasticrocksfrommtwrangelltuffandashVflowsSWWWWWWWWW W W W WWWWWWW!W$W)W,W/W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W=WCWDWOWSWTWZW[WaWiWjWqWrWtWwWyW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWfWiWnWoWqWsWtWuWflowsflowbrecciasandtuff6VWWWWWVv|chieflyablationmoraineonexistingglacierslargelyrubbleVchieflyalteredquartzdioriteandgranodiorite`Vchieflyandesite VVVEVchieflyandesiteanddaciteincludesthesedimentarynon-marVchieflyandesiticflowsmVchieflyangularblocksanddiamictonVchieflyblocksofrubblelyingonburiedglaciersexhibitingVchieflycolluviumtalusandsmalllandslidesbutmayincludeVVchieflydacitecVchieflydaciteandrhyoliteVVrVchieflydenseglassyscoriarocksaredarkgrayandcontain1VchieflydiamictonandboulderdepositsVchieflydiamictoninterbeddedwithstratifiedlacustrinesedVchieflydiamictonlocalgravelandsandinendlateralandgVVchieflyendandlateralmorainesofthestadeofthealaskanVchieflyflowsofandesitebasalticandesiteandbasaltinter~VˆWDxMedium grained biotite-hornblende granodiorite with hypidiomorphic-granular texture; locally weakly to strongly foliatedF'K-Ar date indicates age of 125 +/- 4 myGGU101H147IGulkanaJIgneousK2520ˆXAKgBGranodiorite and quartz dioriteC CretaceousAFine to medium-grained, subhedral, granular rocks containing hornblende, plagioclase, and quartz, with minor biotite, augite, and potassium feldspar. Chloritization and saussuritization common. Host marine sedimentary rocks (KJs), limestone (Trtl, Trml), and Nikolai Greenstone (Trn) have been extensively thermally metamorphosed, and locally contain masses, veins, and segregations of sulfide minerals.GNB108H537INabesnaJ MetamorphicK2520MALTˆYAKnpBQuartz-feldspar porphyryC CretaceousDmPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular, quartz-feldspar, porphyry with altered plagioclaseGNB002H134INabesnaJIgneousK2525ˆZAKbdBBuck Creek PlutonC Cretaceous0Vbaultoff&Wbaultoffcreekregionishighlyalteredchloritecarbonatem&VbayWWWWWWbe W!W"W#WWuWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WW&W0WWWWWWWWW WW#W@W^WbeachWWWWW‰‰AJaBAmphibolite facies rocksC Jurassic(?)APortion of tectonic inclusion 10 by 15 km in McHugh Complex consisting of layered quartz gabbro, amphibolite, and orthogneiss. This unit consists of nondescript, amphibolite facies, weakly foliated to nonfoliated granular rocks of uncertain protolith. Many of the rocks are rich in feldspar and quartz and may have a sedimentary protolith. They are laced with numerous dike-like bodies of amphibolite that originate from underlying amphibolite and orthogneiss. The amphibolite-facies rocks Bare structurally complex and contain many lenses of incompletely serpentinized ultramafic and gabbroic rocks. Extensively retrograded to prehnite-pumpelllyite facies, as is surrounding McHugh Complex. Changed to Strelna per Winkler, 1998.GVA002H5921IValdezJ MetamorphicK5920‰AqmfsBFQuartz-muscovite-feldspar schist; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Paleozoic (?) or olderD Quartz-muscovite-feldspar schistGGU002H168ˆ"ˆ#ATmuB#Mafic and ultramafic plutonic rocksCEocene and Paleocene?AMafic and ultramafic plutonic rocks-- Compositionally and texturally variable unit consists mainly of medium grained gabbro, local diabase, hornblende gabbro, peridotite, and orthopyroxenite. Gabbro is slightly to moderately foliated except near contacts with country rock.GCV003H210ICordovaJIgneousK1380ˆ$ATcBCottonwood Creek ComplexCTertiaryDBanded granite and quartz diorite gneiss and biotite- and augite-bearing amphibolite gradational into biotite metagranodiorite and metagranite. Weakly metamorphosed (greenschist facies).F:K-Ar of metamorphic biotite and amphibole of 17 to 20 m.y.GNB002H149INabesnaJ MetamorphicK1410ˆ%AdBDikesCTertiary or CretaceousDRDikes of hornblende-feldspar porphyry, probably andesite to dacite in composition.GNB004H418INabesnaJIgneousK1601ˆ&ATKpBOlder PorphyryCTertiary or CretaceousweaklytostronglyfoliatedcompositionallydiverseplutonicVweaklytostronglyfoliatedmarineargillitesiltstonesandseVweatherW:WzWWWpWqWweatheredSWWweatheringWWWWWWW7W8W|WWWWWWWWBWweathers4WxW~WWwebsteriteWwehrliteWweldedWWW‡Bpart under conditions of restricted bottom circulation. Intercalated basaltic fragmental rocks and less common pillow basalt (unit Tpv) indicate episodic submarine mafic volcanism in the basin.Emollusks, and foraminiferaGCV002H235ICordovaJ SedimentaryK680schistoflibertycreekofwinklerandothers1981[Vschistofmountaugustaamphiboliteschist{VVschistofmountaugustainterbeddedquartzofeldspathicschisVschistofmountaugustaintercalatedquartzofeldspathicschiVschistofmountaugustapeliticschistVschistofnunatakfiordamphibolite-dioritecomplexatthenVschistofnunatakfiordmetavolcanicrocksofnovatakglacieVschistofnunatakfiordschistVVschistofnunatakfiordschistofnovatakglacierareaVmostlytabularorlenticularbodiesofmaficvolcanicrocksVmotykaKWmountSWWWWWWLWWKWOWeWfWnWoWvWWmountsanfordvolcanodacitepyroclasticflowVbuildingWbuiltOWburiedWbutKWMWOWPWWW\WWWWWWWWWW6W7W8W<WlWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW4W8W;WJW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W%WEWHWIWSW^W`WWWWWm4IusuallyDW\W.WWWWWWWWWWIangularHWJWUWVW_W`WWWWWWWWWW0WWWanhedralWWanomalouslyWanorthositeWWany;WWSW^Waphanitic#WWWWWWWdWaphanitictoporphyriticandesiteandpossiblydacitelavafVapparently WWWWAWPW{WWWappear9Wappearance6WWWWWWWWWWW WappearsWWWW WapproximatelyWnWpWqWapproximatelyequalamountsofinterbeddedmetavolcanicandnVW'W1W2W4W6W9W:W;W<W?WYWZW[W]W^WaWhWiWsWtWzW{W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W)W0W4W5W6W7W8W;WCWEWFWJWKWLWNWcWdWiWjWkWlWmWnWV^†sC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDAlluvium in higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and boulders. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, localized deposits include the HoloceneGYA003H202IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†tAQaoBOlder alluviumC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDAlluvium in higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and boulders. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, localized deposits include the HoloceneGGU003H303IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†uAQaoBOlder alluviumC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDAlluvium in higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and boulders. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, localized deposits include the HoloceneGGU004H403IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†vAQaoBOlder alluviumvaldezCWNWeWfWgWhWiWjWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWVWxWyWgroupgreenstonetVuVvVvaldezgroupinterbeddedmetavolcanicandmetasedimentaryronVoVvaldezgroupinterbeddedvolcanicandsedimentaryrockspVqVvaldezgroupmetaflyschhVvaldezgroupmetasedimentaryrocksundividedeViVvaldezgroupmetavolcanicrocksundividedrVsVvaldezgrouppeliticandquartzofeldspathicschistandgneis|VvaldezgroupphylliteandschistdeleteunitonnewvamapfVvaldezgroupschistyVvaldezgroupschistosemetaflyschxVvaldezgroupsedimentaryrocksundividedjVlVmVvaldezgroupultramaficrocksCVNVvalleyW(Wvalley-fillWvolcanicSWWWWWWW#W$W%W&W'W(W*W+WCWDWGWHWIWJWKWTWUWdWgWjWoWpWWWn‡AA transgressive marine sequence. Consists predominantly of concretionary siltstone with a lesser and variable amount of interbedded sandstone, chiefly in the lower part of the formation. The siltstone generally is medium to dark gray and nearly massive; in places, thin beds and lenses of lighter gray brown-weathering calcareous siltstone and silty limestone occur within the darker siltstone. Interbedded sandstone in the Tokun, which generally is lighter gray than the siltstone, is micacB'eous, feldspathic, and brown-weatheringEcrabs, and mollusksGBG003H240IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK810sconsisting W!W"W#WWWWWWWWWWW6W7WbWfWjWkWlWmWpWqWWWWWWWWW@WWconsists W!W"W#WW2WMWlWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W#W*W9W=WCWNWhWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWW~WWconsistsdominantlyoflayeredhornblende-pyroxenegabbroanVconsistsofalsekriverplutonofstronglyfoliatemedium-grV"VconsistsofdiversemarineandglaciomarineclasticrocksinVconsistsofextensiveserpentinizedultramaficrocksincludi*Vconsistsofmassivetothin-beddedcoal-bearingarkosicsandVVconsistspredominantlyofconcretionarysiltstoneandlesserVVcorrelativesmWcounterpartsmWcover WWcoveredWWWW'W~WcraterWWWWW<SˆˆAJtkBTalkeetna FormationCEarly JurassicDMarine and non-marine andesitic and basaltic tuff, tuff breccia, and volcanogenic sedimentary rocks. Small, isolated bodies of light- to dark-gray unfossiliferous saccharoidal limestone may be parts of the units in the Valdez quadrangle.EMollusks and brachiopodsGVA002H3250IValdezJIgneousK3250ˆAJtrdB%Rhyodacite flows; Talkeetna FormationCEarly JurassicD>Rhyodacite flows with minor sandstones and lesser dacite flowsGGU002H177IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK3250ˆAJtaB.Hornblende andesite flows; Talkeetna FormationCEarly JurassicDHornblende andesite flowsGGU002H178IGulkanaJIgneousK3250ˆAJtsBTalkeetna Formation, sandstoneCEarly JurassicD*Sandstone with sparse volcaniclastic rocksGGU002H179IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK3250ˆAJumBUltramafic rocksCEarly Jurassic or olderfmostlyhornblende-biotitetonalitebutalsoincludesbiotiteVVmostlylateralmorainesperchedalongvalleywallschieflydVmostlymassiveblacktogreenish-blackfinetomedium-grainewVzV$sedimentaryrocksV3VsedimentaryrocksundividedVVsedimentaryrocksundividedpoulcreekformationVVsequenceWshaleWDwell-sorted+W7W8W9W:W;W=WqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWwell-sortedfine-tomedium-grainsandwithabundantdriftwooVVwellsWWwereWWWUWhWWWwestnWWWWWWWjWkWlWmWyWWWKW_WwesternOWwestwardWW8WwhenWwhereW W+WXWWWWWWW:WcWdWWTWUW~WwhereasW/WsWwhichWWWmWWWWWWWWW/W3W7W<WWW&W^WwhiteWWWW>WbWWW%W1W2Wwhiteci0-5fine-tomediumgrainedsmalltrondhjemitestokbVwhitetograymarblemformsconspicuousdeformedandfolded%VwhitishWwhollyWWwhose4Wcv002 "cv003J`cv005&X{cv006'Y|gu002*Gjgu003:Zht}ʂgu004;[uWmSWWWWWWWW+W.W4WiWlWwWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW>WWWWW WW%Wm-thickWgmaMWsWmainWWWWaWmainly,W.W5W6W>W@WUWWWWWWWlWmWWmainlyfluvialandfluvio-glacialgravelsandandmudinclud5V6Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsandlowermostterracesofmajo,Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsofmajorandsomeminorstream.Vmainlylargeactivefansandconesonsteeptogentleslopes>Vmainlylargebroadgenerallyactivefansandconesonmounta@VmainlylavaflowsofintermediatecompositionalsoincludesVmainlyoutwashrelatedtoalaskanglaciationandpossiblyyoVmainlysandandgravelofpresentandformerbeachesbeachrVmainlytillbutlocallyincludeslacustrineandglaciofluviaVVPtonguesWWWtonsinaWWXWZWtooWWWWWWtop>WWWWtopographicvWWtopsW W WW4WtWwW}WWLWMW~WWtosWtotalling2Wtotally+WtourmalineWtovWtow-pyroxenesWtowardsWtpvWWWWW[W]Wtrubid6WtuffWWWWW6WmWWWWWWWtuffsWWWaWnWtumbleqWrWtwo)WUWhWtwodikesofthefiveobservedwereaccessibleandsampledbhVtwo-pyroxeneWWWW4W6W;WsWtwo-pyroxeneandesiteandminortwo-pyroxenedaciteflowsfl4Vtwo-thirdsWWWWtypeGWWWWtypesRWeWtypicallyNWWunconsolidated4WQWTWpW+W2Wunconsolidateddetrituschieflysiltsandandgravelthatge4Vunconsolidatedtopoorlyconsolidatedtotallyunsorteddiami+VunderWWWunderlainRWW ‰MDDunes on tops of river bluffs, windblown flats, and river bars. Includes informally named Bremner sand dunes, a large barchan field, located at confluence of Bremner and Copper Rivers. Fine-grained sandGVA008H63IValdezJUnconsolidatedK120N1200‰NAQglBGlaciolacustrine depositC QuaternaryD?Interbedded lake and glacial deposits of the Copper River basinGVA008H57IValdezJUnconsolidatedK124N1240‰OAQcrBCopper River depositsC QuaternaryAInterbedded glaciolacustrine, glacial, and alluvial deposits. Includes deposits of glacial Lake Atna (Nichols, 1989; Williams and Galloway, 1986); historically complex basin built from numerous lake stages in response to multiple glacial advances and retreats. Locally overlain by small fine-grained alluvium and pond deposits (Qfl). Interbedded by the Mount Wrangell valley-fill lavas (Qwwv) along western margin of Mount Wrangell, especially in Chetaslina River valley area. Clay-pebble sparticularlyaWWW8WYWjWzWpartlyWWWWWpartsWWWWWWWWW+W1W8WWWWWW W!W&Wpartsofthematanuska-wrangellterranelocallysubdividedi+V1VpatchworkWpatchworksWpatternWpegWWpeak9WWpeaksiWpeatyWzW}W~WWWJWWpebble1WAWBWnWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W6W7W8W:WWWWWWW!W(W,W=Wpebble-cobbleWWWWpebble-conglomerateWpebble-sizeHWpebble-sizedJWpebble-to-boulderWpebblesWWWW WpebblyWWWWWWW0WiWjWkWlWmWWpegmatiteWWpegmatiticWpelgWWpeliteWWWpeliticfWyW|WWWWWWWW^WWWWV†DChiefly blocks of rubble lying on buried glaciers exhibiting well-defined lobate forms. May or may not include glacier cores at depthGBG004H307IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock Glacier depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneDnIncludes deposits of active, recently active, and formerly active rock glaciers. Chiefly rubble and diamictonGNB109H303INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQsBSolifluction depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDDeposits on low-angle, low-relief slopes at relatively high elevations. Mostly bedrock rubble but may include some Wisconsin and older glacial driftGMC003H203IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK128N1280†AQsB'Solifluction and older glacial depositsC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDDeposits on low-angle, low-relief slopes, at high elevation. Mostly bedrock rubble, but includes some glacial drift. Some of Qs was probably covered by Wisconsin ice, whereas all of Qs was covered by pre-Wisconsin iceGNB108H511INabesna/compositions@oconebuildingflows@ conglomeritic@consisting@consolidated@contained@containscontainsblockschieflyoflightgrayporphyriticdaciteas@coppers@creek@!cross-bedding@daciteandesiteandrhyodaciteporphyrytypicallystronglyp@ dacitic@dark@darkgreenish-graymetaandesiteormetabasaltflowsandsome@dark-grayfine-grainedlimestonethickwiththininterbedso@s†DConstructional shoreline deposits of well-sorted gravel and sand formed as spits extending westward or northwestward from headlands and beaches consisting of successive sequences of marshes and ridges extending landward from the present shoreline.GIB002H115IIcy BayJUnconsolidatedK115N1150†AQlBLagoonal depositsCHoloceneDIntertidal mud and sand deposited in swamp areas between beach ridges and in tidal embayments, single polygon at toe of Malaspina GlacierGIB002H121IIcy BayJUnconsolidatedK116N1160†AQlBLagoonal depositsCHoloceneDMLagoonal deposits--Fine-grained silt rich in organic material, mud, and peat.GCV003H120ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK116N1160†AQlBLagoonal depositsCHoloceneD]Intertidal mud and sand deposited in swamp areas between beach ridges and in tidal embaymentsGYA002H3IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK116N1160†AQmsB'Mineral spring and mud volcano depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneD'Mineral spring and mud volcano depositsGGU002H108IGulkanahighWWWhispidWWWWWWWholasterWWWWhorn0Whulenense1W3WhydrozoaWhypsopygasterWWWWinW3WWWWWWWinprincewilliamsoundareatothewestcontainssparseplaVindicatemW+W1W5W:WWWWWWWWW W WindicatesWindicatingWinoceramus1W6@WjWkWlWmWinoceramyajWkWlWmWinocerimus:Wis3WWjonesgWjurassicWWWkarnianWWkennecott1WkimmeridgianWkusiroensisjWkWlWmWladinianWladinianagedpelecypodsandkarnianagedammonitesVTpartofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventcoarse-grainedhoRVpartofamiddlecretaceousplutoniceventequigranularclin]VichitistineWchitistoneWWWW\W}Wchititu+WwWchitnaWWchloriteiWtW}W~WWWWWWW&W_WgWW@Wchlorite-rich'Wchlorite-richamygdaloidalandesiticlavaflowsandvolcanic'VchloritizationXWchloritizedyWchocolate-brown8WchoritetWuWvWchritistoneWchugachW=WWcinderWWW,W-W.W0W2WFW{WWWcinderconeconsistschieflyofunconsolidatedrubbleofden2Vcindercones-Vcinderconesandassociatedflows,Vcinder/spatterWcirculationWWWcitedWckickaloon*Wclark=WclastWclast-supportedWWWWWWWW-WL3ˆdˆeAKvsB0Valdez Group -- Metasedimentary rocks, undividedCLate CretaceousDWeakly to strongly foliated marine argillite, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomeratic sandstone. Lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Probable volcanic source terrane.E@Maestrichtian pelecypods collected outside of Valdez quadrangle.GVA002H2700IValdezJ MetamorphicK2700ˆfAKvmB>Valdez Group -- Phyllite and schist. Delete unit on new VA mapCLate CretaceousALow-grade metamorphosed (lower greenschist facies) pelitic rocks consisting of homogeneous phyllite and schist. These rocks shown much stronger foliation than the undivided metasedimentary rocks (unit Kvs) of the Valdez Group. Probable volcanic source terrane.GVA002H2701IValdezJ MetamorphicK2700ˆgAKJvB Valdez GroupCCretaceous and Jurassic (?)i\ unconsolidated !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~‚ÂĂłƂǂȂɂʂ˂̂͂΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႆ₆ゆ䂆傆悆炆肆邆ꂆ낆삆킇 !&CDEFGHIJKLMNOPQR`abcl ‚hkÃ! !"#%&'5Ã!`(*+,-./012346789:;<=CDÃ!p>?ABCDEÃ!$FGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]EF`_‰*EBrachiopods and cephalopodsGNB002H125INabesnaJIgneousK6220‰+APtBTetelna VolcanicsC PennsylvanianDeTetelna Volcanics, hornblende andesite and other volcanic rocks, metamorphosed to greenschist facies.GGU002H157IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK6220‰,APPatBTetelna VolcanicsCPermian and PennsylvanianAInterbedded volcanic flows, volcanic mud and debris avalanches, lapilli-pumice tuffs, volcanic mudstone to volcanic sandstone, and volcanic pebble conglomerates all intruded by gabbro dikes and sills. Volcanic rocks chiefly andesite and dacite in composition. Lower part is considered Pennsylvanian by correlation with this formation in general area of its type section 75 km northwest (Richter and Dutro, 1975).GNB004H417INabesnaJIgneousK6220‰-APPatBTetelna VolcanicsCPermian and PennsylvanianDInterbedded flows of andesite, massive lahars, lapilli-pumice tuffs, and volcaniclastic rocks ranging from mudstone to conglomerate, locally gradedGNB108H545INabesnao‡‡ATpBPoul Creek FormationC OligoceneDSingle outcrop consisting of 10 m of intensely sheared, reddish-brown weathering, dark-greenish-black glauconitic and pebbly sandstone containing abundant mafic volcanic detritus. Thought to be correlative with Poul Creek FormationGMS002H33IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK680‡ATpsBSedimentary rocks, undividedC$Tertiary, Oligocene and early EoceneA"Concretionary, pyritic, glauconitic, reddish weathering, dark-gray to greenish-gray siltstone, claystone, and sandstone; subordinate dark-brown, laminated shale that is rich in organic material, silty shale, and gray calcareous sandstone; locally includes thin interbeds of basaltic tuff. "E4Contains an abundant marine megafauna and microfaunaGIB002H134IIcy BayJ SedimentaryK680‡ATpvBVolcanic rocks, undividedC$Tertiary, Oligocene and early EoceneqthedepositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesrocVthedominantlithologyisdenseharddark-graysiltstonewheVVtheextensiveinformallynamednadinahotavalanchedepositfVglaciofluvialdepositsbroadlydistributedbelow900miVthelimestoneismediumtothick-beddedwhitetomediumgrayVthelimestonepredominantlyoccursatthebaseofthesectio VtheirmWCWNW WthereWthermallyXWWWWW4WthermallyalteredweaklyfoliatedmankomengroupwollastondVtheseWWWWWWWWWWWCWNWfWrWWtheyW4W6W9WWWWWWWW;WcWWWSWTW^WthickWWWW4W6W7W8W:W;W=W?WiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/WhWiWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWW%WV(†7N1050†8AQaBAlluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneD~Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt, and boulders in higher terraces along larger streams and active alluvial fansGBG004H303IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†9AQaBAlluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDAlluvium in active streambed and lowest terraces along larger streams and in active alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and bouldersGYA003H201IYakutatJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†:AQaBAlluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDAlluvium in active streambed and lowest terraces along larger streams and in active alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and bouldersGGU003H301IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†;AQaBAlluviumCQuaternary, HoloceneDAlluvium in active streambed and lowest terraces along larger streams and in active alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and bouldersGGU004H401IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK105N1050†bhnx~bg003!Ƃkbg0048Wrzǂނɂ}cv002 "łǂȂ̂͂CNjlpqtucv003J`Ă˂#iosycv005&X{Ȃcv006'Y|ɂgu002*Gj &*,GHIJKdgopςЂ2UȂgu003:Zht}ʂ $%)/`.gu004;[uC‰OBUilt and diamicton, containing local to regionally distributed beds of gravel and sandCGVA006H6015IValdezJUnconsolidatedK124N12401theglaciofluvialdepositsbroadlydistributedbelow900miVthelimestoneismediumtothick-beddedwhitetomediumgrayVthelimestonepredominantlyoccursatthebaseofthesectio VtheirmWCWNW WthereWthermallyXWWWWW4WthermallyalteredweaklyfoliatedmankomengroupwollastondVtheseWWWWWWWWWWWCWNWfWrWWtheyW4W6W9WWWWWWWW;WcWWWSWTW^WthickWWWW4W6W7W8W:W;W=W?WiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/WhWiWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWW%WyWW†D†D†Ad†D†B†J†DV†D†J†JZ†B†D†D†I†I†BA†Jd†D†N†Am†D†IV†DP†AS$†B †G†Dg†D‡Dw‡D‡ C‡ D‡AW‡D[‡B@‡D‡A‡"G‡&C‡)Da‡-K‡2B‡5BQ‡7D‡9Ic‡W?W@WFWwrangelllavaandesiteandbasaltscoria.Vwrangelllavaandesiteandbasalticandesiteflows VVwrangelllavaandesiteanddaciteflows8VwrangelllavaandesiteflowsV7VwrangelllavabasaltVwrangelllavabasaltandbasalticandesiteflows VVwrangelllavabasaltcindercones0VwrangelllavabasalttuffVVemorainesWWWWWWmorainesoniceVmountWWWWLW{WWWWWmWpWmountsanfordvolcanodacitepyroclasticflowVmountsanfordvolcanodikesundifferentiatedLVmountsanfordvolcanolow-silicadaciteflowsVmountsanfordvolcanooldervolcanicrocksVmountsanfordvolcanoyoungbasalticandesiteandesiteanddVmountainoWW\WWmtWWWWWW WWWsWmtwrangellshieldandvalleyfilllavasundifferentiatedVmtwrangellshieldlavaVmtwrangellvalley-fillandbasinlavasVmtwrangellwestsummitcraterValmorainedepositsVolderglacialdepositsVolderglacialmoraineVolderglaciationdepositsVolderwisconsinglaciationdepositsVolivineWonWoutwash5W6WWpartWphaseWWrecent&W'W{W|Wrecentglacio-fluvialdeposits&V'Vrecentlacustrinedeposits{V|V}}foraminiferaWWWWWW!WforaminiferalWforaminifersWWWWWWWWWWWforaminifersandmollusksVVforaminifersglobigerinaorsubbotinaglobigerinaspgloboroVVVformationmW1WfossilmWWWWWWWfossilcollectionsindicateanearlypermianageVgmVfossilsWWWW+W.W1W7W:WWWWfound3WWWfragmentedWfragments-W3Wfragmentsoflignitizedwoodupto30cmlonglocallyabunda-VfrederikamWfrommW+W5W<WWWWWgWWWWWWWgastropodsWWWgenus4WWWgeometricaWWWglobigerinaWWWglobogerinaWWWWgloborotaliaWWWWWWWhalobiaWhastataWWWhauterivian1W5Whautervian:WhettangianWWicatemW+W1Winoceramus1WnfˆA*Well-foliated, multiply-deformed greenschist and transitional blueschist facies mafic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Schistocity is well-developed although primary sedimentary or volcaniclastic features are retained locally. There are no marker strata and units do not persist laterally.*GVA002H3610IValdezJ MetamorphicK3610depositsofglaciallakesclaysiltsandandminorgravelxVdepositsoflakespondsandlow-gradientstreamssandsiltawVdepositsonlow-anglelow-reliefslopesathighelevationmoVdepositsonlow-anglelow-reliefslopesatrelativelyhigheVdeposits--fine-grainWdepthWdepthswWderivedHWSW_W`WjWW WmW6WwWzWWWWWW WfWdescribedWWWWWWdiabaseWdiagnosticWdiameterW+W.WWWWdiamictionWWWWWdiamictiteWWWWdiamictonNWPWQWRWWWaWfWhWiWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+WdiamictonlocalgravelandsandinendlateralandgroundmoVdiamictonofactiverockglaciersVdiatomsWWW(ark-grayWWWarkosicWWWWW3W4W8Warkosic-lithic5Warkosic-subordinate5WarmW_WaroundWWWWarrowWWarrowscWgWas W!W"W#WRWaWWWWWW+WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W8W<W>WwWWWWWWWWWWWWWW$W%W5WYW^WjWxWzW~WWassemblage<WWWWWWWWassemblagesgWWWWWassocWassociatedWWWWW,WFWZW]WuWWWWWWWbWWWassociatedwithhigherlakelevelsduringthealaskanglaciaVassociationWassumed WasymmetricWatVWWWWWWWW)WlWWWWWWWWWWWW4WCWNWWMearlycretaceousandlatejurassicberriasianthithonianandVearlycretaceousneocomianbarremianandhauterivian5V:Vearlycretaceoustolatejurassic=V>VearlyjurassicVVVVearlyjurassicandlatetriassicVVWV{VearlyjurassicandlatetriassicnorianVVearlyjurassicorolderVVearlylateormiddledevonian1VearlyormiddlejurassicVZVearlypaleozoicAVearlypennsylvanian%VearlypermianVV V VV!VearlypermianandpennsylvanianVVV$V&VgVVVearlypermianguadalupianleonardianandwolfcampian V VeoceneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW!\ˆDWeakly to strongly foliated compositionally diverse plutonic rocks. Dominant lithology is fine-to medium-grained hypiomorphic granular quartz monzodiorite, but quartz diorite, tonalite, and granodiorite are nearly as abundant.FK-Ar hornblende ages range from 147 +/- 7 to 157 +/- 8 Ma, biotite ages are 134 and 144 +/- 7 Ma; one mineral pair is slightly discordant.GVA002H3403IValdezJIgneousK3403ˆAJcBChitina Valley BatholithC Late JurassicDStrongly foliated Tonalite, granodiorite, and rocks rangong from granite to quartz diorite. No known volcanic equivalents, however, coextensive with batholithic rocks of Bering Glacier Quad. Also correlates with granitic rocks of the E Valdez QuadF5Hornblende radiometric age range of 138 to 146+4 m.y.GMC002H9IMcCarthyJIgneousK3403ˆAJTrqBHornblende quartz-dioriteCJurassic and Triassic‰D Altered diabase and gabbronoriteGGU002H148IGulkanaJIgneousK5880‰APPdBDiorite ComplexCPermian and PennsylvanianD'Diorite, granodiorite, and gabbronoriteGGU002H149IGulkanaJIgneousK5880‰APsmBStrelna Metamorphic ComplexCMesozoic or PaleozoicAA diverse and intimately mixed group of low- to medium-grade greenschist and amphibolite which also includes abundant pelitic and psammitic schist, metachert, and gneiss having pronouced mortar structure. Contains no marble but does contain extensive massive to gneissose mafic to intermediate (meta?) plutonic rocks. Rocks are tightly folded on all scales and pervasively faulted; they are strongly foliated and partially mylonitic and are cut by post-metamorphic Late Jurassic and Early Cre2Wundifferentiatedslopedepositsincludingglacialandalluvi$VundifferentiatedterminallateralandgroundmorainelocallyVVundifferentiatedterminallateralandgroundmoraineofguyoVundivided W!W"W#W)WFWRW5WnWWfWundividedandesiteandbasalticandesiteflowsdaciteflowsnVmoderatelysteepslopesuRVundulatingWunit?WZW[W]WjWWWWWWW<W>WXWiWunits9WmWunknownWW7W8W;WiWunsorted W!W"W#WMWZW[W]W_W`WWWWW(W+WunsortedangulardebrisranginginsizefromsilttoblocksVVunweatheredWWWWunweatheredpoorlysortedpebbletobouldersizedrockdebriVVVupiWupperWWWupperklawasimudvolcanoconechieflysiltandclaydepositVusuallyDW\W.WusuallymarginsoflargerfanschieflysandandsiltDVvaldezlWsFagebasedonfossilevidenceinnabesnac-5VVagedWubetter?WEWbetweenWWWWWWW>WWxW~WWWbioclastic1W:W WbiomicriteWbiomicriticW!WbiotiteXW[WWWWWWW W WWWWWWWWWWWW W!W$WEWHWKWSWXWaWbWjWkWlWmW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWbiotite-gradegWbiotite-hornblendeWWWDWFWGWHWIWWWWWbiotite-hornblendegraniteandgranodioriteVbiotite-muscoviteWWWbiotite-plagioclaseyWbiotite-richDWWWWbithWbituminousWWWWWWblack WWWW.W<W=WWW{WWWWWWWWWWW>WhWwWzW{WWWWWWWWWWW2W;WBWblackburnvWnotbeenactivelywaTVchieflytalusbutalsoincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesMVˆˆAJglB!Hornblende gabbro and leucogabbroCEarly Jurassic or olderA;Layered gabbro and leucogabbro; layered gabbro is dominantly hornblende gabbro; hornblende-augite gabbro is common, however, with the hornblende replacing or molded upon the augite; and layers and lenses of hornblendite occur at several places. Mafic part of the Tonsina Complex (now shown on Winklers map as Jtg).;FfK-Ar ages on hornblende of 419 +/-21, 188 +/-8, and 171 +/- 5 Ma; the older age is considered suspect.GVA002H3540IValdezJIgneousK3540ˆAshgbBASchistose hornblende gabbro; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Jurassic or olderDSchistose hornblende gabbroGGU002H164IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK3540ˆAscgbBDSchistose clinopyroxene gabbro; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Jurassic or olderDSchistose clinopyroxene gabbroGGU002H165IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK3545ˆAKlcBSchist of Liberty CreekCmid-Cretaceous? or Jurassic??$ schistosexW~WWWWWWWW#WschistoseclinopyroxenegabbrometamorphiccomplexofgulkanVschistosegranodioritemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariverVschistosehornblendedioritemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanaVhornblendegabbrometamorphiccomplexofgulkanarVschistosequartzdioritemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariveVschistosequartzmonzonitemetamorphiccomplexofgulkanariVscoria.WvWsecond-cycle4W5W:W;Wsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowsolivine-bearingtwo-pyroxen;Vsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowsthicklobateflowsofdacit:Vsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowstwo-pyroxeneandesite4Vsecond-cyclecone-buildingflowsundivided5VsedimentaryjWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W-W.W1W3W7W8W9WjWkWlWmWpWqWWWWWWa‡&C PleistoceneDVolcanic avalanche depositsGGU002H117IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK314N3140‡'AQdaBLNadina volcanic avalanche, landslide, and glacial deposits, undifferentiatedC PleistoceneDMt. Drum volcano. Chiefly varigated, crudely stratified and poorly sorted juvenile bombs, pumice, and ash and blocks of andesite and dacite. Deposits are locally covered by, and mixed with, glacial drift.GVA007H12IValdezJIgneousK314N3140‡(AQvaB,Volcanic avalanche deposits of Nadina ValleyCQuaternary, PleistoceneA)Semiconsolidated and crudely stratified deposits of unsorted volcanic rock debris. Deposits range from light gray to buff to light shades of pinkish gray, green, and lavender and consist chiefly of fresh-appearing gray to buff blocks, pumice and ash of hornblende dacite or rhyodacite, and blocks)GGU101H126IGulkanaJIgneousK314N3140‡)AQpfB+Volcaniclastic deposits - Pyroclastic flowsCQuaternary, Pleistocene;containsWWWWWW?W^WWCson W!W"W#W/W>W@WNWQWRWSW\WjWnWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/WCWNWpWqWwWWWWWWWWWWKWLWMW^WaWcWWoneWW9WYW\WxWWW3WKWone-halfWone-thirdWWWWonly?WEWWWWWWWWWWWWonlyincludesmaficplugsintheeasterncordovaquadrangleVVWWWWorcagroupasequenceofthintothick-beddedsandstonesiltVVVorcagrouppillowbasaltmassivebasaltflowsminorvolcanicVorcagrouprangesfrommatrix-supportedpebblymudstoneandVVorcagrouptuffaceoussedimentaryrocksvolcaniclasticsandsVVorcagroupunitconsistsoflocallyvariableamountsofvolcVVVˆSDPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende-biotite granodiorite and quartz monzonite with minor hornblende syenodiorite, biotite gabbro, and hornblende dioriteF.K-Ar data yields ages between 105 and 117 m.y.GNB002H140INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆTAKngBNabesna PlutonC CretaceousDPart of a Middle Cretaceous plutonic event. Equigranular hornblende-biotite granodiorite with quartz diorite, diorite, and trondhjemite. Propylitic and argillic alteration commonF.K-Ar data yields ages between 105 and 117 m.y.GNB002H133INabesnaJIgneousK2520ˆUAKgBGranodiorite plutonCCretaceous (?)D'Granodiorite pluton, Wrangellia terraneGGU002H137IGulkanaJIgneousK2520ˆVAKkgBKlein Creek plutonC CretaceousD5Hornblende-biotite granodiorite and quartz monzonite.F0K-Ar ages indicate emplacement age of 105-117 MaGMC003H326IMcCarthyJIgneousK2520ˆWAKgB GranodioriteCLower CretaceousUstretchedWW=Wstrike%WstringersWWstromatolitesW}WstrongerfWstronglyWWWWWW"WBWCWJWNWWWZW\WdWeW|WWWWWWWWWWW%W0WUW^WWstronglyalteredgabbroicphacoidsthataretectonicinclusiVeoliandepositsVLVMVVeolian/duneeruptiveoWWeskersWfaciesWWWWWWWfairweatherWhubbsWhyaloclastites!WrWhypabyssalWWWvWWhypabyssalrocksVVViceWicefieldjWin,W0W>W@WAWBWWWCWDWincludesSWinterbeddedWWWWWnWoWpWqWW:WintercalatedWintermediateWWWintracalderaWEWWpWintracalderalavasundifferentiatedVwlqtIJUVqta!qtab|qtaduqtaftqtaiqtauwqtavvqtbBqtbf}qtdaqtdbxqtdrqtiqtmaiqtpeqtrqtrdqtrfqtrtqtruqtrvqttarqttdqqtupqtuf~qtvg+qtwlmnzqqtwijqtwrrqtwtkqtyqu !"#$%Wqui\qva(qvd$%enopqwqwaqwbcqwbfqwcqwdqwesqwf炆qwfeqwg΂т₆qwjEqwjdcqwlqwlfqwmقqwmcqwmeqwmlqwo傆qwpqwrFWWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWintercalatedWWWWWW>WWWWW&W(W~WintercalatedquartzofeldspathicschistandamphibolitelargeVintercalcatedcWTWintercalcatedlowergreenschistandtransistionalblueschistcVTVinterchannel/WinterfaceWWWbWintergranularWintergrownWWinterior>WWinteriors~WinterlayeredWW6WWWWWWWWgWWWWW7W9WinterlayeredquartzmonzonitegneissmonzonitegneissandasVintermediatenWWWWW^WintermittentWintermixed0WWWWWWintermixedconglomerateandcarbonaceousshaleandargilliteVinternaliWjWkWlWmWinterpillowWWWinterpretedWWW$WintersticesWinterstitialjWkWlWmWintertidalWW|WintertidalmudandsanddepositedinswampareasbetweenbeaVVintertidal-supratida}WWintervalWb‡A'Consists predominantly of concretionary siltstone and lesser, variable amount of interbedded sandstone. Siltstone is medium to dark gray and nearly massive. Spheroidal calcareous concretions as much as 1 m in maximum dimension are distributed randomly or along bedding surfaces in the siltstone.'GCV003H240ICordovaJ SedimentaryK810DˆxDMedium to medium-light gray, very fine- to medium-grained schistose metapelite, metagraywacke, and minor metatuff. Commonly weathers to blocky or tabular fragments and form banded gray outcrops streaked with iron-oxide stains.GBG002H143IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2710ˆyAKvmBValdez Group: SchistCLate CretaceousAHomogenous pelitic schist and minor amphibolite; includes spotted biotite-plagioclase-quartz schist. Common banding probably represents original layering. Transitional into gneissose rocks to the east and into greenschist-facies rocks of metasedimentary rocks to the west.GCV003H600ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2710ˆzAKvmB"Valdez Group -- Amphibolite schistCLate(?) CretaceousDMostly massive, black to greenish-black fine- to medium-grained amphibolite schist Probably derived from massive basalt and gabbro.GMS002H77IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK2710ˆ{AKvm?B-Schist of Mount Augusta -- Amphibolite schistC Cretaceous(?)Bh beringglacier!V+V8VHVIVWV_VrVzVVVVVVVVVBVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV8V=V>VbVhVkVnVxV}V~VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV%V1V5V͂elias6WcWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWglacier!W+W8WHWIWWW_WrWzWWWWWWWWWBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgulkana*1:;ABGPQRSZ[ehjntu}ʂ؂قڂۂ悆炆ꂆ낆킆  $%&()*,/4569:;AGHIJKYZ[\]^_`dgopς‡‡ATtBTokun FormationCOligocene and EoceneAA transgressive marine sequence. Consists predominantly of concretionary siltstone with a lesser and variable amount of interbedded sandstone, chiefly in the lower part of the formation. The siltstone generally is medium to dark gray and nearly massive; in places, thin beds and lenses of lighter gray brown-weathering calcareous siltstone and silty limestone occur within the darker siltstone. Interbedded sandstone in the Tokun, which generally is lighter gray than the siltstone, is micacB'eous, feldspathic, and brown-weatheringEcrabs, and mollusksGCV002H240ICordovaJ SedimentaryK810‡ATsBStillwater FormationCTertiary, EoceneAPrimarily consists of dense hard dark-gray siltstone. Where siltstone is carbonaceous, it has a coal-like appearance; where it is calcareous, it may be variegated from reddish brown to pale green and usually contains foraminifers. Occurs in limited outcrop area east of Steller Glacier:28and,W5W6WCWDWPWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W WWWWWWWWW!W'W,W.W/W2W3W6W8W=WBWEWOWSWUWZW[W\WaWfWiWjWrWtWuWvWwWxW{W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W"W#WXWfW"=slope$WHWTW\WslopewashdepositsinnortheastpartofmapthoughttoinclHVslopes>W@WNWRWSWVW\W_W`WWWWWWWWWWslopingWWWslumpaWeWslumpseWhWiWGWWslumpsearth-debrisflowsblockglidesanddebrisavalanchesGVVsmall1WHWKWMWOWPWRWWWWWWWWWWWW WW2W4W6W;W>WAW]W^W_WvWxW}WWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWWW W5WCWNW_WbWWWWWWWWWWW W#W@WEWFWOWRW`WWWteandgranVsmalllight-coloreddomeorshallowintrusionthatislocallVsmallnearlyverticalfine-grainednonporphyriticolivinebaxVsmallplugofolivine-bearingsparselyporphyriticbasalticVsmallsericitizedhornblende-biotitetonaliteplugsrocksar V‡"GVA007H14IValdezJIgneousK465N4650‡#AQcfBChetaslina volcanic debris flowC PleistoceneDMulti-colored, voluminous debris avalanche deposit containing megablocks of both porphyritic and aphanitic andesite lava, hydrothermally altered lava, volcanic breccia, pyroclastic flow deposits, lacustrine sediments, and glacial deposits.GVA007H26IValdezJIgneousK312N3120‡$AQvdB/Volcaniclastic deposits - Volcanic debris flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDIncludes the Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit exposed along the Chetaslina and Copper Rivers and the Sanford volcanic debris flow exposed along the Sanford and Copper RiversGGU003H332IGulkanaJIgneousK312N3120‡%AQvdBVolcanic debris flowCQuaternary, PleistoceneDIncludes the Chetaslina volcanic mass-flow deposit exposed along the Chetaslina and Copper Rivers and the Sanford volcanic debris flow exposed along the Sanford and Copper RiversGGU003H337IGulkanaJIgneousK312N3120‡&AQdaBVolcanic rocks-Drum Volcano)'graphic(Wgraphicgranodiorite(Vgravel+WgreenschistWgreenschistandtransitionalblueschistVgreenschist-faciesyWgreenschist-faciesflyschvaldezgroupyVgreenstonetWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWW?]W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*WCWNWeWfWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWgulkanaWWWhaleydWhaleycreekterranedVhighNWOWhigh-silicaWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humcreekdomecomplexMVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQVho-humdomecomplexdacitedikesPVho-humdomecomplexdacitedomeandflowsSVho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusionRVho-humdomecomplexdacitetephraV! ‚ÂĂłƂǂȂɂʂ˂̂͂΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႈ₈よ䂈傈悈炈肈邈ꂈ낈삈킈  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ DˆAYakutat Group is a heterogeneous assemblage including clastic sedimentary rocks, altered volcanic rocks, chert, carbonate, and granitic rocks. Two major subdivisions that are commonly structurally juxtaposed, a flysch facies and a melange facies. This unit is predominatly dark-gray weathering clastic sedimentary rocks (siltstone) at Haydon Peak. Consists of 30 to 70 percent dark-gray, partly slaty carbonaceous and concertionary siltstone interbedded with thin beds and laminae of fine-grBained, banded, sandstone and lesser olive-gray to dark-gray partly carbonaceous sanstone, pebble conglomerate having a dark silty matrix, green basaltic tuff, and light-gray tuffaceous sandstone. Intertongues and is gradational with lower part of Kulthieth Formation. Questionably part of Yakutat Group flysch facies, consisting of dominatly dense, hard, poorly sorted gray to brown feldspathic to lithofeldspathic sandstone (graywacke), pebble-cobble conglomerate, and shale-chip conglomeratHrlate+W3WWWWWWW W1WleavesmWW,Wleonardian Wlesser WlignitizedW-W3W@WlignitizedwoodVlignitizedwoodinoceramusshasticrioceras@VlocallyWWWW-W.W{W|Wlocallycontainsabundantfossils.Vlong-WlovceniporaWlowerWWmackevettWWmaestrichaingWmaestrichtian+WeWmaestrichtianpelecypodscollectedoutsideofvaldezquadraneVmarineWWWWWWW3WmccarthyWmeager5Wmeagerammoniteandpelecypodfaunaindicatehauterivianand5VH\multiple WnabesnaWWnavoculopgisWWWneocomian1W8Wneocomianrocksinoceramusandotherfossilsthatindicateh1VnizinaWnorianWWWnorthWnucleopygusWWWWoccurWof-W3W4W5W8W:WeWWWWW W"W1Wolder4WonWWf‡@B&Wrangell Lava - Rhyodacite Tuff BreciaCQuaternary, PleistoceneDMassive, structureless palagonitized breccia containing blocks and smaller fragments of rhyodacite. Breccia probably represents an ice-flow contact depositGNB109H323INabesnaJIgneousK336N3360‡AAQrfB Rhyolite flowCQuaternary, PleistoceneDRemnant of flow-banded massive and glassy rhyolite flow that apparently was extruded from rhyolite dome (Qrd). Rock is light gray with small phenocrystsGGU101H139IGulkanaJIgneousK337N3370‡BAQTbBBasalt dikes and sillsCQuaternary or TertiaryD:Basalt dikes and sills, possibly related to Wrangell LavasGBG002H161IBering GlacierJIgneousK350N3500‡CAQjaB)Jarvis volcanic complex -- Andesite flowsC PleistoceneDiJarvis volcanic complex. Andesite flows; undifferentiated lava flows and minor lahars and flow breccias.GNB008H827INabesnaJIgneousK355N3551‡DAQjbB'Jarvis volcanic complex -- Basalt flowsC PleistoceneD&Jarvis volcanic complex. Basalt flowsGNB008H828&@Ea ACP_X@ E R A CCHA FK_AC[@@FKAC@"F(K)_*m+v,B-D.W/C0H1M2R3W4A5C67'@8H;Y<A=C>C?H@AAB: KDAECFC FHKI_JmKvLAMCUE;@NNOBPGQLRQSVT[B @VGX† AWc†"A†%D†+DX†/G†3D†7N†WWstlybiotitetonalitebutalsosomebiotite-muscovitegarnVPgravel W!W"W#W(W+W,W.W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWEWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWWWZW[W\W]WlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWxWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWCWDWEWFWHWIWOWRW`WbWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW(W1W2W4W6W7W9W:W;W<W?WAWUWVWWWYWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWeWfWhWiWuWwWzW{W}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWW-W3W4W5W8W:W>WhWxW~WWWWWWWW'xalpine W!W"W#WWWalpine-typeWalsekW"Walso W!W"W#WKWMWRWWWqWrWWWWmWsWWWWWWWWWWWWWWEWFWWWWWWW WW%W&W0WKW^WbWWalterationW WTWWalteredWW#W?WiWtWyW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&WCWLWNWYW\W_W`WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&W@W]WdW~WaltereddiabaseandgabbronoriteValteredflowsbrecciasandtuffsValteredtholeiiticbasaltlargelysubareiallocallysubmarin~ValternateWalternatingiW~WWWWW WalthoughdWnWWWUWWWvWwWyWzW{WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W0WL‡E foraminifersGBG002H137IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK820†oJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†pAQoaBOlder alluviumC QuaternaryDBenches and terraces that support vegetation along ancestral flood plains. Unconsolidated detritus, chiefly silt, sand, and gravel, that generally is poorly sorted and locally is imbricatedGMC100H103IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†qAQaoBOlder alluviumC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDChiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, also minor silt, and boulders in higher terraces along larger streams and inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, may include localized Holocene depositsGIB003H305IIcy BayJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†rAQaoBOlder alluviumC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDChiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, also minor silt, and boulders in higher terraces along larger streams and inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, may include localized Holocene depositsGBG004H305IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†sAQaoBOlder alluvium! cross-bedding4W:Wcross-stratified7WcrossbeddingWWWWcrosscutWcrossite*Wcrude4WcrudelyW"W'W(WWW5WcryptocrystallineWWVWWWXWeWfWWcrystal-lithic6Wcrystal-poorWcrystalineWcrystalline>W-WculminatedWWWcumulateWcurrentsWWWWWcutW^WaWW W WW3W5WWWWWWWW WW)W^WcuttingWcycleZWdWWWWd-1Wd-2bWWWd2WWdaciteWWWWWWWWW"W'W(W4W5W6W:W;WIWMWOWQWRWTWVWWWZW\W^WcWfWlWmWnWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W%W-W3W@WW,WfWqWrWsWtWuWW`'p†HA%Slope wash deposits in northeast part of map. Thought to include: Boulder- to pebble-size, angular rock debris derived from mass wasting of bedrock and overlying moraine deposits along walls of the larger valleys. Includes undifferentiated small landslides, and alluvial and glacial deposits%GBG002H111IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK107N1070)mainlythick-beddedfinetocoarse-grainedlocallyschistose0VmainlytillbutlocallyincludeslacustrineandglaciofluviaVVcenomanian0Wcenozoicconiacian0Wcreatceouscretaceous%W&W'W(W)W*W+,W-W.W/W0W1W23W4W5W6W8W9W:W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWDEFGHIJKLMNWOPQRSTUVWWXYZ[\]^_`WabWeWfWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW{|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWVWwWyWcretaceousandjurassicgVVVVVVVVVVVVVVWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWcontainsblockschieflyoflightgrayporphyriticdaciteasVcontemporaneousWcontentWWcontentsWWWcontiguousWWcontinentalWWcontinuationWcontinuityWWcontinuousWWWcontinuouslyxWcontorted?WcontrastWconvergentxWconvertedWWWconvolutejWkWlWmWcookWcooling9Wcopper W!W"W#WZW[W]WWWWW W$W%WFWKWLWMWNWeWnWoWWWWWWcoreYWWcoresW^Wcorner WiWcorrelate8WW WcorrelatedWcorrelatesW+W1W:WWWW WW&WcorrelationWW,WcorrelativeW WWWWWW'WcorrelativesmWWcorrespondsWcould:WcounterpartsmWcountryW#WWWWWcover WWcoveredWWWW'W~WcraggyWcraterWcreamWWWcreating*W2andesiteWWWWWWW W W W WWWWWWW!W.W4W7W8W<W=WCWNWOWaWeWhWiWrWtWuWvWwWxW{W|W}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWlows!VandesiteplugeVandesite-dacitefWandesite-dacitedomesandbrecciasfVapron"Wardente2WashWWWashflowandpumicedepositsfrommtwrangellormtdrumVassociated,WZW[Wavalanche'W(WbarsWbasaltW W WWWWWW.W0WBWDWbasaltdikesandsillsBVbasalticWW W WWWWWbasalticandesiteflowsVbasinWWbeachbeachesWWWbeachesandspitsVVbeachesspitsandoffshorebarsVblockWbluffLWZW[W]WbluffcolluviumLVZV[V]VbluffsQWbodies\WboulderWbrecciaWbrecciasW6WfWbrecia@W:b‡H255ICordovaJ SedimentaryK820‡ATsBStillwater FormationCEoceneAThe dominant lithology is dense hard dark-gray siltstone. Where the siltstone is carbonaceous, it has a coaly appearance; where it is calcareous, the siltstone may be variegated in shades of reddish brown to pale green and usually contains foraminifers. The upper part of the formation indicates regressive shallow marine deposition. In this area the Stillwater intertongues with, and grades upward into, the shallow marine and nonmarine Kulthieth Formation. The Stillwater Formation is comBplexly deformed and is characterized by tight folds and shearing in incompetent strata; hence, its thickness can be only estimated to be at least 4,918 ft. Eforaminifers, and mollusksGBG003H255IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK820‡ATkBKulthieth FormationCTertiary, EocenejYˆABoth have marked lateral changes in thickness. Lowest Chitistine: dolomite algal-mat chips, stromatolites and evaporites. Upper Chitistine: diverse limestone including lime mudstones, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone. Nizina: diverse limestone with subordinate chert nodules, lenses,and coalescing masses. Probable correlatives of Triassic carbonate rocks in Nabesna Quad and south-central AlaskaEChitistone: Tropites indicate a Karnian age. Nizina: ammonites and pelecypods indicate an age span from Late Karnian to Middle NorianGMC002H27IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK4030`azincluding$WeWWWmWWWW*W<WnWpWqWsWWWWWWWWinclusionWWinclusions<WCWNWWWWWWWW%WincompetentWWincompletelyWincreaseWincreasesyWWindexWWindicateWWWWWWWWWXWYWjWzWedlakeandglacialdepositsofthecopperriverbaVinterbedsWWWWintercalatedWWWinterfaceWWWinterior>WinterlayeredWW6WintermediatenWintermittentWintermixed0WintertidalWWintertidalmudandsanddepositedinswampareasbetweenbeaVVintervalsWintimatelyWintoWWintrabasinalWintracalderakWintrudesXWintrusionRWxWintrusive\WWWWintrusivebodiesconsistoflighttomedium-grayporphyriticVintrusiverocksVVirregularW?Wirregular-topped W|ˆJIgneousK5470ˆAPzumBUltramafic rocksCLate Paleozoic (?)D0Serpentinized peridotite (lherzolite) and duniteGNB002H167INabesnaJIgneousK5470ˆAPuBUltramafic rocksC PennsylvanianDSerpentinized alpine-type, intensly sheared, ultramafic rock; includes some partly serpentinized gabbro. Correlates with ultramafic rocks of Nabesna Quad.GMC002H7IMcCarthyJIgneousK5470ˆAmhaBGMetamorphosed hornblende andesite; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Paleozoic (?) or olderD!Metamorphosed hornblende andesiteGGU002H167IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5550ˆAPPasmBMetamorphosed Skolai GroupCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianDGreenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks, mainly schist, phyllite, amphibolite, and marble. Corresponds to the Mississippian Strelna Formation.E3'Fossil collections' indicate an Early Permian age.GMC002H19IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK5625‰APPsB Skolai GroupCEarly Permian and PennsylvanianD Wrangellia terrane, Skolai GroupGVA007H40IValdezmetagranodiorite$WWmetagraywackegWhWxWmetamorphic W WWWW<W>WjWkWlWmWoWsWWWWWWyWWmetamorphicsWWWYWjWzWmetamorphism<WeWnWrWWWWWWWW*WmetamorphosedWWWWWWW$W*WXWdWfWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWpWqWtWuWvW}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW%W(W)W+W.W/W4W5W<W?WAWUWVW[W]W^WyW~WWWWWWrphosedplutonicrocksmostlyti2plutonswithinthegVmetapelitedWhWxWWWWmetapelitic>WcWmetaplutonicdWWmetapsammitedWmetasandstoneiWjWkWlWmWnWoWmetasediementaryWmetasedimentarycWdWfWnWoWyWWWWWWWWWWW8,% @+ @ Sp@ÃW@ÃW`à @Ä8@ÄY@5` @+ @ S]l3WW30WWWWW300-700WWW3000WWWWW300mW35WWW350W4WWW4000W425WWW492WWW5WWWWW5-30W500.WW5245dW5mwW60W600>W7.57WWW70W70-80hW745W75WW8WW800WWW900W92WW970WaW%WOWPWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W)W2W6WVWWWXWYWeWfWtWuWwW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW&W/W3W4W:W<W=W@WKWPWQWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWcWiWjWkWlWmW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWˆˆAKvgBValdez Group: ParagneissCLate CretaceousAVALDEZ GROUP: Predominantly metasedimentary rocks with well-developed gneissic foliation consisting of alternating quartz and feldspar-rich layers with biotite-rich layers. The paragneiss is brown weathering, medium grained, and banded on a 2 to 4 mm scale. However, thicker biotite-rich layers are also found. Quartz segregations parallel to the banding are common but not laterally continuous. Locally some layers in the paragneiss contain 1-in.-long porphyroblasts of andalusite. This Bunit contains up to 10 percent orthogneiss. The orthogneiss is cream colored or light gray, coarse grained, contains less biotite than the paragneiss, and locally grades into normal textured granitic rocks containing abundant inclusions of country rock.GCV002H610ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKvg/TgBVValdez Group -- Schistose to gneissic metaflysch and migmatite and stockwork of dikes?CLate CretaceouspargilliteWWWWWWWW=W@WeWgWiWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W!W5W_WxW|W~WargilliteshalesandstonechertlimestoneandminorconglomeVargillitewithsubordinateinterbeddedcalcareoussiltstone Vargillite-siltstoneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W8W<W>WwWashWWWWWW'W(W2Wash-flowWash-richWassemblage<WassemblagesgWWWWassocWassociatedWWWWW,WFWZW]WuWWWWWWWbWassociatedwithhigherlakelevelsduringthealaskanglaciaVassociationWassumed WatVWWWWWWWW)WlWWWWWWWWWWWW4WCWNWWRˆˆATqdBQuartz dioriteCEoceneDFoliate, fine- to medium-grained, seriate, hypidiomorphic, biotite-hornblende quartz diorite on south face of Mount Saint Elias.GMS002H97IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1308ˆ ATtB'Altered biotite and hornblende tonaliteCEoceneDSmall, sericitized hornblende-biotite tonalite plugs. Rocks are fine- to medium-grained sericitized tonalite with minor quartz diorite and granodiorite. In most sample, muscovite replaces biotite or has formed from alteration of plagioclase.F=K-Ar hornblende 46.6 +/- 1.4 and muscovite of 52.4 +/- 2.6 MaGVA002H1310IValdezJIgneousK1310ˆ!ATsqBSnag Creek PlutonCTertiaryD>Medium- to coarse-grained leucocratic biotite quartz monzoniteF,K-Ar dates give minimum age of about 50 m.y.GNB002H158INabesnaJIgneousK1320ˆ"ATgtBGranite and tonalite (Tonalite)CEoceneA†IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQamBDrift of Alaskan GlaciationCQuaternary, HoloceneDlChiefly end and lateral moraines of the stade of the Alaskan Glaciation. Diamicton and rubble; local gravelGNB109H306INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagB)Drift of Alaskan (neoglacial) glaciation C!Quaternary, Holocene (neoglacial)DEnd, lateral, and ground moraine and kames and outwash proximal to present glaciers. Includes rock glaciers too small to map. Diamicton, local gravel and sandGNB007H722INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQoalBOlder alluviumCHolocene and PleistoceneDMainly outwash related to Alaskan glaciation and possibly younger phase of Wisconsin glaciation. Stratified silt, sand, gravel, and boulders.GMC003H201IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK131N1310†AQwgBGlacial depositsC PleistoceneD]Drift of Wisconsin glaciation. End, lateral, and ground moraine and fluvialglacial deposits.GNB002H104INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwl S45WW4918WW492WWW5WWWWW5-30W500.WW5245dWUW5810&W5mwW60WW600>W7.57WWW70W70-80hW70-m-thick~W745W75WW,W8WWWWW800WWW90%W900W92WW970WaW%WOWPWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W)W2W6WVWWWXWYWeWfWtWuWwW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW&W/W3W4W:W<W=W@WKWPWQWRWSWTWYWZW[W\W]W^WaWcWiWjWkWlWmW|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWs‰‰AQeBEolian deposits CHoloceneDDunes on tops of river bluffs, windblown flats, and river bars. Includes informally named Bremner sand dunes, a large barchan field, located at confluence of Bremner and Copper Rivers. Fine-grained sandGCV004H715ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK120N1200‰AQagBDrift of Alaskan glaciationCHoloceneDNeoglacial deposits of end, lateral, and ground moraines, kames and outwash proximal to present glaciers; includes small rock glaciers. Diamicton, local gravel, and sandGCV004H711ICordovaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300‰AQtBTalusCHoloceneDdLarger areas of poorly sorted, angular deposits forming cones and aprons at the base of steep slopesGMS002H1IMount Saint EliasJUnconsolidatedK107N1071‰AThBHypabyssal rocksCTertiaryDDacite, andesite, and rhyodacite porphyry. Typically strongly porphyoritic. Correlates with younger porphyry of Nabesna quadrangle and with hypabyssal rocks associated with the Wrangell Lava in Alaska and Canada‡H‡A:‡BE‡A\‡A k‡A*‡A‡A‡A]‡Ab‡A‡BI‡A‡D‡B‡Ah‡D‡C‡A‡G~‡A‡GV‡D-‡K%‡D‡B5‡Fg‡Azp‡A‡D‡Df‡AzˆBˆB{xˆAgˆDˆ Fwˆ D ˆFˆDˆA"ˆAˆFˆAˆ"Aˆ&Dˆ*Alˆ-Bˆ/Aˆ1E ˆ3ELˆ5AQˆ8Cˆ9Bˆ;DPˆ=ANGˆ@A{JˆCAˆGFˆKDˆNAˆSDˆWDˆZDˆ^BqˆcBˆdAL†DIncludes end and lateral moraines of the younger and older phases of Alaska glaciation, deposited after recession of existing glaciers. Diamiction, local gravel, and sand.GVA007H15IValdezJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQagB+Drift of Alaskan Glaciation - Younger phaseCQuaternary, HoloceneDMostly end and lateral moraines, including some ground moraine, generally in front of existing glaciers. Rubble, diamicton, and some gravel and sand. May include some rock glaciers and drift of the old phase of Alaskan GlaciationGGU101H112IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQoagB)Drift of Alaskan Glaciation - Older phaseCQuaternary, HoloceneDMostly end and lateral moraines, locally in front of rock glaciers. Chiefly diamicton and rubble; some gravel and sand. Covered in places by colluvial depositsGGU101H113IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK130N1300†AQamB*Glacial deposits of the Alaskan GlaciationCQuaternary, HoloceneZ†JUnconsolidatedK128N1280†AQuB!Slope deposits, undifferentiated C$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDChiefly colluvium (talus and small landslides) but may include local glacial, rock glacier, and alluvial deposits. Sand, gravel, boulders, diamicton, and rubbleGGU003H313IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†AQsBColluvial - SolifluctionCQuaternary, HoloceneDSolifluction and creep surfaces on high-level low-gradient slopes. Chiefly bedrock rubble but may include older glacial drift depositsGNB109H305INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK128N1280†AQuB!Slope deposits, undifferentiated C$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDChiefly colluvium (talus and small landslides) but may include local glacial, rock glacier, and alluvial deposits. Sand, gravel, boulders, diamicton, and rubbleGNB007H713INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070†AQwfeB&Drift of Wisconsin Glaciation - EskersCQuaternary, PleistoceneD/Prominent eskers. Chiefly gravel and some sandGGU101H116IGulkanashalebedscontainabundantdaonellaofmiddletriassicageVshallow3Wshasticrioceras@WshellyWsilicieousWsilicoflagellatesWWWsimbirskites:WsoundWspWWWWWWWspan+WWWWsparseWWWWWW8WWW1WsparsebuchiaindicatealatemesozoicageVspecies WspiculesWspiredWWW^oaib002łƂib0037qmc002%m +1?Og͂ւׂ߂悈 $&0~mc003,Ka͂ς䂆傇҂ӂԂՂւׂ؂قڂۂ܂݂ނ߂ႇょ䂇傇悇炇邇ꂇ낇삇킇-Vꂉ 'mc004$-LbkyЂlmc006肉mnopqrstuvwxyz{|}mc1004Upz45:Âςقڂۂ܂₈ ()ms0026c 'z{267Bk?@a{|}~va002lva003#va0070@Omׂ邆"#'VWXefhsya0025VgÂya0039s 56@0O@PW`Vp‚!X‚"‚#'‚$Ç CQuaternary, PleistoceneDvDense flows with localized columnar jointing. Gray olivine basalt. Originated from vents in s.e. corner of map area.F:K-Ar date of equivalent rocks in A-5 is 0.89 +/- 0.21 m.y.GNB108H517INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡ AQabfB4Wrangell Lava - Andesite and basaltic andesite flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneAThin to medium flows with oxidized dark-red scoraceous tops and bottoms. Gray in color, with sparse olivine, hypersthene, and plagioclase phenocrysts. Apparently related to an extensive sequence of flows in Nabesna A-5 quadrangle, where presumed local sources are presently ice-coveredGNB108H519INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡ AQwwsB Wrangell volcano - Shield lavas C$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDChiefly andesiteGGU003H334IGulkanaJIgneousK301N3011‡ AQdadB3Wrangell Lava - Dacite and Andesite Domes and FlowsCQuaternary, Pleistocenebeaches W!W"W#WWWWWWbeachesspitsandoffshorebarsconstructionalshorelinedepVbearing)WbeaveraWbecomejWkWlWmWbeddedWWWWWW-W5W:WWWWWW W]Wbeddedlight-coloredrhyoliticair-falldepositslocallyasVbeddingWWWWWWWWWWW4W8W;WjWkWlWmWSWbedrock W!W"W#WHWRWSW_W`WWWW6WbedsWWWWW6WtWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW-W/W8WhWiWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWW W%W2W7W9W:WOWyWbeenCWTW+WWWWWWWW:WCWNWXWpWqWWWWWW WW^WbelievedW WalongancestralpVbeneathW Wberg9W:WberingWW WWWbernardcWndriftofthealaskanglaciation@Lolder@xtonaliteandgranodioritewrangelliaandalexanderterranes@younger@eocene@Yamount@amphibolitegneiss@amphibolite-diorite@atleast2000mofflowstephraandminorsedimentaryrocks@zby@/compositions@dark-graysiliciceousorganic-richsiltstoneexposedonlyne@depositsofglaciallakesclaysiltsandandminorgravel@directly@gravels@ great@jointed@m@metasedimentary--sla@mountain@offshore@Rparticularly@>sedimentaryrocks@.surficialdepositsundifferentiatedalluviumdepositedbyno@thedepositsincludealluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesroc@pvisited@jpaleontologicevidencecitedinmackevett1970ab1971p15@&@†D‡Hˆd‰I8 @ P,,D„;H„…I @,@E,@€@€@{€@ET@@‚1@Y,positsbroadlydistributedbelow900mi@thelimestoneismediumtothick-beddedwhitetomediumgray@Xtightly-appressed@nvolcanicflowsofporphyriticandesitevolcanicmudanddebr@@@  sedimentary@ @€@€@{€@ET@@‚1@Y,!EcoppersWcoquina8WWcordierite>WcordovaWWpWqWtWuWvWcoreYWWWcoresW^WQWcorner WiWcorrelate8WW WcorrelatedWcorrelatesW+W1W:WWWW WW&WWcorrelationWW,WcorrelativeW WWWWWW'WcorrelativesmWWcorrespondsWcould:WcounterpartsmWcountryW#WWWWWcover WWcoveredWWWW'W~WcraggyWcraterWcreamWWWcreating*WorangeWWWWWpWqWorange-weatheringWWWorcaWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWorcagroupasequenceofthintothick-beddedsandstonesiltVVVorcagroupmostlytabularorlenticularbodiesofmaficvolcVVorcagrouppillowbasaltmassivebasaltflowsminorvolcanicVorcagrouppillowbrecciaandmassiveflowsaresubordinateVorcagrouprangesfrommatrix-supportedpebblymudstoneandVVorcagrouptuffaceoussedimentaryrocksvolcaniclasticsandsVVorcagroupunitconsistsoflocallyvariableamountsofvolcVVupelecypodinoceramuskusiroensisinoceramusulrichiandinocjVkVlVmVpelecypodsWW4WeWWWWWWpermianW W W W$Wpetrified,Wpetrifiedwoodwellpreservedleavesandplants,VpileclusWWWpinna:WplanktonicWWplanktonicforaminifersfossilcrabspelecypodsandgastropoVLvˆ1ENeocomian rocks: Inoceramus and other fossils that indicate Hauterivian and barremian; Kennecott Formation: Moffitites robustus, and Brewericeras hulenenseGMC002H16IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK2110ˆ2AKmBMatanuska FormationC CretaceousDMatanuska FormationGGU002H176IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK2010ˆ3AKsBSedimentary rocksCEarly CretaceousAPrincipally shallow marine and/or terrestrial in origin. The shallow marine rocks consist of thin-bedded brownish-weathering light-gray shaly siltstone and gray mudstone which interbeds with quartz-rich arkosic sandstone, grit and conglomerate. Locally carbonaceous containing abundant concretions. Shallow marine and/or terrestrial rocks consist chiefly of thin-bedded gray sitlstone, brown locally calcareous sandstone, and lenses of conglomerate. No marine fossils. One location was cutB by a dacite dike (Qdd) withmWoWxW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWW W!W"W%W&W'W(W,W5W6W8W=W@WBWUWYWbWjWzW}WWWˆAGenerally medium- and medium- to coarse-grained hypidiomorphic-granular biotite granite with border phases of biotite + or - hornblende granite to granodiorite and tonalite. Plutons of this unit are generally medium- and medium- to coarse-grained hypidiomorphic-granular biotite granite with border phases of biotite + or - hornblende granite to granodiorite and tonalite. The mafic mineral content varies with composition such that the color index of the granite ranges from 5 to 10; the graB^nodiorite color index ranges from 10 to 20; and the tonalite color index ranges from 15 to 35.LFRSix K/Ar ages on hornblende, biotite, and phlogopite ranging from 50.5 to 53.5 Ma GBG003H440IBering GlacierJIgneousK1300VformedWWWWWW W:WformerWformerlyWWformerlynamedmccarthyshalesupperthinbeddedfine-graineVformingVWWKWWformingbolddarkgreenishgraycraggyoutcropsrocksconsisVformsWWWsWWW%WQWfossil}Wfossil-poor|Wfossil-richqW|WfossiliferousWWWW W W3Wfossils3WW"WwWWfosslesWfoundWWWWWWCWNWWWW W%WKWfournW^WWWfourconspicuouslylight-coloredrhyolitedomesthataredee^VfoxcWTWfractureWWWWWWWWfracturesLWfragmentalWWWWW=W@WBWfragmentsUWW"W@WvWWxWW"W5WfrederikamWWqWfrequentlyW@WOWpWWWWW6W[W]WWWWWgenerallyassociatedwithrhyoliteandrhyodacitedomesall]VgeneticallyW9medium-grainWWmedium-grainedWWW W W W WWWWWWWW W"WDWFWIWLWXWwWxWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWW$Wmedium-grainedequigranulargraniticrockswithfinetocoarVmedium-grainedleucocraticgabbroandhornblendegabbromixeVmedium-grainedlocallypophyriticrockswithphenocrystsdikVmedium-grainedsubhedralgranulardioriteconsistingofsubhVmedium-grainedsubhedralgranularquartzdioritecontainingVWmillerWmineralWmineralspringandmudvolcanodepositsVmineralogicallyW<WmineralsiWtWyW}WWWminor,W.W0W1W7W8W9W:W;W=WTW\WqWrWsWtWuWvWxWW0W4W:W;WCWaWlWwWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWXlighterWWWWlightlyW]WlignitemWlikelyWlimeWWWWlimestonemWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W1W:WXWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W W W W!W*W.W3W=W\W{W|W}WWlimestonesWWWWW$Wlimey7WlimitedWlimy4W5WWlinearWlineatedWWlithic<WWWWjWkWlWmWWW Wlithic-richjWkWlWmWlitho-feldspathicWlithofeldspathicWWWWWWWWlithologicWlithologicallyWWWWlithologicallydiversesequenceofmetasediementaryandmetaVlithologiesWWWWWWWWWW*W<WdWWWUW_WlithologyWWWWWWWWWW7W8WmWtWxWWW)2haleycreekmetamorphicassemblageVhaleycreekterranedVUVhaleycreekterranemetaplutonicrocksVhaleycreekterraneschistosemarble#VhasenWW W WhasencreekformationVVhighNWOWhigh-silicaWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humcreekdomecomplexMVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQVho-humdomecomplexdacitedikesPVho-humdomecomplexdacitedomeandflowsSVho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusionRVho-humdomecomplexdacitetephraVandesitemudflowshyaloclastitestephraandflows!VandesiteplugeVVandesite-dacitefWandesite-dacitedomesandbrecciasfVandesitesWandesiticWWWandesiticmudflowsVanorthositeWantlerQWRWantlercreekplutonQVapron"Wardente2WareaWWargilliteashWWWashflowandpumicedepositsfrommtwrangellormtdrumVassemblageWassociated,WZW[WWWatWaugusta{WWWWWavalanche'W(WbarsWbasaltW W WWWWWW.W0WBWDWxWyW{W}WWWWWWWWWWWbasaltcinderconeandflowVbasaltdikesandsillsBVbasaltofhubbscreekVbasalticWW W WWWWWrWtWvW{W}WWWWbasalticandesiteflowsVulderWbrecciaW|WWWbrecciasW6WfWwW{W~WWbrecia@W†AQafBAlluvium in fansCHoloceneD}Mainly large active fans and cones on steep to gentle slopes. Chiefly poorly stratified boulders, cobbles, gravel, and sand.GNB008H802INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†?AQafBYounger alluviumCHoloceneD~Alluvial fans and cones. Chiefly boulders, gravel, and sand. Only larger, better defined cones differentiated from unit Qcu.GNB004H402INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK106N1060†@AQafBAlluvium in fansCHolocene and Pleistocene dmainlyfluvialandfluvio-glacialgravelsandandmudinclud5V6Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsandlowermostterracesofmajo,Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsofmajorandsomeminorstream.Vmainlylargeactivefansandconesonsteeptogentleslopes>Vmainlylargebroadgenerallyactivefansandconesonmounta@VmainlylavaflowsofintermediatecompositionalsoincludesVmainlyoutwashrelatedtoalaskanglaciationandpossiblyyoVmainlyphylliticmetapelite70-80percentandsubordinatemehVmainlysandandgravelofpresentandformerbeachesbeachrV90‰5‰6APavBNMetamorphic rocks between Border Ranges and Hubbard Faults, Metavolcanic rocksCPennsylvanian, and older(?)D9Mainly dark green metatuff with minor carbonate and chertGMS002H85IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK7240‰7APavsBbMetamorphic rocks between Border Ranges and Hubbard Faults, Metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocksCPennsylvanian, and older(?)DMetasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks. Dominantly interlayered quartz-feldspar mica schist and mica-quartz schist and subordinate marble beds or lenses. GMS002H83IMount Saint EliasJ MetamorphicK7240‰8APavBNMetamorphic rocks between Border Ranges and Hubbard Faults, Metavolcanic rocksCPennsylvanian, and older(?)D9Mainly dark green metatuff with minor carbonate and chertGYA002H85IYakutatJ MetamorphicK7240‰9APavsBbMetamorphic rocks between Border Ranges and Hubbard Faults, Metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocksCPennsylvanian, and older(?)`W ABCDEFGHI J K L M N L M N/ˆuAVALDEZ GROUP: This unit consists of massive greenstone, metamorphosed pillow basalt, and mafic dikes exposed near the heads of Woodworth and Schwan Glaciers. Elsewhere in the Cordova and Valdez quadrangles, the unit includes lenticular bodies of chorite schist that may have originally typically metamorphosed to greenschist and low amphibolite facies. The higher grade facies is distinguished by the presence of dark-green hornblende.GCV002H611ICordovaJ MetamorphicK2705dintervalsWWWWintimatelyWW^WintoWWWWWWWWWWWWWW$W+W1W7W8WJWyWWWWWWWWWWW1WxW}WintrabasinalWWintracalderakWWWWWWWWWintraformational1WintricatelyWintrudeWWWLWintrudedWWWW-WWWW W,WintrudesXWintrusionRWxWWintrusionsWintrusive\WWWWWWWOWWW5W@Wintrusivebodiesconsistoflighttomedium-grayporphyriticVintrusiverocksVVintrusives)Wiron-carbonate-beariWiron-oxidexWirregularW?WWW~WWWWirregular-topped WirregularilyWWirregularilyshapedsmallstocksofpink-weatheringmedium-gVV>sedimentaryrocks@#separately@serpentinizedperidotitelherzoliteanddunite@shaleandminorsandstonethatisinpartglauconiticrichi@sheared@shrub@sills!silt@siltstonesilty@"slope@smallbasaltplugsanddikesgenerallyamygdaloidalandvesi@=smallstockschieflyofhornblendedioritehornblendelargel@small-scale@isourced@southeast-striking@ksouthernly@1spherical@spits@isteep@strelna@stretched@stronglybrecciatedzonesprobablyrepresentingventareasl@structurallychaoticmelange-likeunitofdominantlymassive@Jsubmarine@Ksubparallel@}tightWWWWWtightly7WWW1W^Wtightly-appressedWtillWWWWWWWtill-likeWWWtilliteWmWWWqWtiltedWtimexWtksWtmWWWWto1W3W>WBWHWJWSWTWnWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW=tonaliteandgranodioritewrangelliaandalexanderterranesVtonalitedioriteandleucodioriteofchitinavalleybatholitVtransitionalWWWtransitionalgneissVVtriassic|Wtriassiclimestone|VtrondhjemiteabtuffWWW6W@WtuffaceousWWWtuffs/W3W~WiWtumbleqWrWturbiditesWtwo-pyroxeneW4W;WultramaficW#WCWMWNWWWWWXWZWultramaficrocksMVVVVVXVundifferentiatedWW$W%WKWMWOWTWWW\WWWWWWWWW'WLW\WwW~WWWWWWW)WDW`WWWEW`WWundifferentiatedgraniticrocks`VundifferentiatedintrusivedaciteandassociatedbrecciasVUmappedonhigherterracesalonglargerstreamsprobablyrelaoVmappedonlyalongthenorthmarginoftheinferredcalderacVmarble*W<WdWpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWW"W#W$W%W0W1W2W4W7W9W:W<WBWUW^W}WWWWWW=WWmarginalWWWmarginsDWWWCWNWmarineWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W0W3W4W5W6W7W9WXWeWWWWWWmarineandnon-marineandesiticandbasaltictufftuffbreccVmarineargilliteandminorsandstoneandchertlocallyfossiVmarineargillitesiltstonesandstoneandconglomerateargillVmarineassemblageofdarkargillitegraysiltstoneandgradeVmarineclasticrocksconsistingmostlyofsandstonesiltston7Vmarineclasticrocksconsistingofcalcareousconglomeratec6Vunderlying1W<WSWnWWWWWWW WWundifferentiatedWW$WHWNW\WjWWWWWWWWWWCWLWSWpWWWWundifferentiatedcolluviumonvalleywallsandhillslopescNV\VundifferentiatedglacialandfluvioglacialdepositsinterlayVundifferentiatedglacialfluvioglacialandvolcanoglacialdeVW)WFWRWundividedmass-wastagedepositsonmoderatelysteepslopesuRVundulatingWunit?WZW[W]WjWWWunsorted W!W"W#WMWZW[W]W_W`WWWWunsortedangulardebrisranginginsizefromsilttoblocksVVunweatheredWWWWunweatheredpoorlysortedpebbletobouldersizedrockdebriVVVupperWupperklawasimudvolcanoconechieflysiltandclaydepositVusuallyDW\WusuallymarginsoflargerfanschieflysandandsiltDV# debrisderivedfromcollapseofadomeonsanfordvolcanofl VdeepWyW}Wdeep-sea/Wdeeply^Wdefined?WEWWW~W=WWaWcWdeformationrWWdeformedWWWWWWWWWWWWWW<WdWjWkWlWmWWW$W%WUWxWdeleteddWUWdelineatedWdelta W!W"W#WWWdeltaicWdense WWW1W2W=WWWWWWWWWWWWWancestralpWanchorage W=WandWW W!W"W#W$W%W(W+W,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWDWEWHWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWTWUWVWWWZW[W\W]WaWeWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWg‡BRhyolite domesCTertiaryDLight-colored, fine-grained rhyolite containing sparse microphenocrysts of plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, and locally, rosettes of black tourmaline.GMC003H214IMcCarthyJIgneousK1043‡ATrrB Rhyolite domeCTertiaryDSmall light-colored dome or shallow intrusion that is locally highly brecciated. Rock is fine grained and chalky and contains occasional quartz eyes. Rocker Creek volcanic rocksGMC003H320IMcCarthyJIgneousK1043‡AThBHypabyssal rocksCLate Tertiary, PlioceneADikes, sills, and small stocks of silica-rich subvolcanic phases of parts of the Wrangell Lava. Comprise dacite and less abundant rhyodacite and andesite; rocks are very light gray to whitish and weather to buff, chalky white, or pale yellowish brown, generally altered, and locally cut by quartz-calcite veinlets. Dominantly porphyries, many have conchoidal fracture, and some dikes and sills are markedly platy\ˆFYK-Ar ages range from 157 to 138 Ma with foliated phases yielding datas as young as 122 MaGBG004H317IBering GlacierJIgneousK3403ˆAJcB-Chitina valley batholith - Wrangellia TerraneC Late JurassicDChiefly quartz monzodiorite, but compositionally diverse ranging from granite to diorite. Generally foliated and locally gneissic, especially in plutons enclosed in the Strelna Metamorphics (PPasm)F`K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 138-157 Ma; ages and foliated phases are as young as 122 MaGGU003H323IGulkanaJIgneousK3403ˆAJmpBMafic plutonic complexCEarly or Middle Jurassic6volcanoesWaWKWvolcanogenicWWvolcanoglacialWvoluminous#WWdWwiWwacke4W5W<WwackestoneWWWWWwallWWwallsHWNW\WWWaWcWwarmWWKWwasWAWW3W=WwashHWwastingHWwaterCWTWWWwater-laidWwatersKWwaveWwavedepositedsandandgravelVwave-depositedWWwave-depositedcoarse-grainedmaterialanddriftwoodalongsVVlyWWW^WWW$WDWJWPWQWWWdWeWjWkWlWmWrWWWWWWWWW WWWUW]WweaklyconsolidatedpoorlysortedfluvioglacialdepositsglaVweaklyfoliatedtofoliatedgranodioritetoquartzdioritepVweaklyinduratedpebbletoboulderconglomerateandinterbedVweaklymetamorphoseddiversethinbeddedargillitewithless VweaklymetamorphosedlightlyalteredtholeiiticbasaltthatV]V^Jgarnet-richWWgarnetiferous|WWWgeneral9W,Wgenerally2W3W4W@WOWpWWWWW6W[W]WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW4W6W;WAWiWWWWWWW#W(WEWSWYW`WjWzW~Wgenerallyassociatedwithrhyoliteandrhyodacitedomesall]Vgenerallyconsistsoffine-grainedgranoblasticcalcitewithVgenerallymediumandmediumtocoarse-grainedhypidiomorphicVVgeneticallyWWWWWj}ˆAFine-grained limestone in beds (<2 m) interbedded with carbonaceous shale and argillite. Chiefly micrite and biomicrite, locally dolomitized. Contact metamorphism with quartz diorite produced a garnet-rich calc-silicate skarn locally containing disseminated sulfide mineralsE+Age based on fossil evidence in Nabesna C-5GNB108H540INabesnaJ SedimentaryK4029‡Alncludes at least 1,500 m of interbedded, massive to thin-bedded, coal-bearing arkosic sandstone, dark-gray to black carbonaceous siltstone and shale, and minor coal. Sandstone:shale ratios in measured sections (Martin, 1908) average about 1:1. Sandstone varies from massive intervals as much as 150 m thick to thin-bedded and shaly intervals. Sub-bituminous to semi-anthracite coal in beds as much as 3 m thick is a conspicuous, but minor part of sequence. Commonly intensely deformed into imBybricated stacks of fault-bounded chevron folds displaying shearing and structural thinning and thickening of coal beds. gEEContains a sparse marine megafauna and locally abundant plant fossilsGBG002H136IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK860UˆIValdezJIgneousK4420ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCLate and (or) Middle TriassicA]Dominently slightly porphyritic tholeiitic basalt sequence; basal sections include pillow basalt and intercalated argillite; basal sections elsewhere are volcanic conglomerate with dominent intermixed pahoehoe and aa, typically altered and locally metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite from metamorphism. Occur sparingly in NE Bering Glacier Quad]E3Ladinian aged pelecypods and Karnian aged ammonitesGMC002H303IMcCarthyJIgneousK4420ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneCTriassicDSubaerial porphyritic basalt flows interbedded with volcaniclastic rocks; basal sections include volcanic conglomerate-breccia with dominent intermixed pahoehoe and aaGNB002H120INabesnaJIgneousK4420ˆATrnBNikolai GreenstoneC Late TriassicDNikolai GreenstoneGGU002H155IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK4420ˆATrngBNikolai GreenstoneCLate and (or) Middle TriassicˆDDunite, harzburgitic dunite, wehrlite, websterite, and clinopyroxenite comprise the Tonsina ultramafic complex. The rocks are folded but not intensely sheared or serpentinized.GVA002H3345IValdezJIgneousK3340ˆAJuBUltramafic rocksC Jurassic?DSerpentized pyroxenite? Occurs within mafic plutonic complex (unit Jmp), generally localized in strongly sheared zones. Many areas of unit are too small to map.GVA002H3347IValdezJIgneousK3340ˆAJlgBLayered quartz gabbroCJurassicA Conspicously layered, hypiodiomorphic-granular textured quartz gabbro. Layers enriched in clinopyroxene or in plagioclase and quartz give unit its prominent banded appearance. Prehnite-pumpellyite metamorphosed, little deformed and dips quite uniformly northward. FK-Ar age on pyroxene of 185 +/- 19 Ma is highly suspect, however matches ages on Afognak Pluton, the pluton of the Barren Islands and reputed ages on small dioritic plutons near Seldovia.GVA002H3340IValdezJIgneousK5245ˆreflectWWreflectingWreflects5WWregion&Wregional W!W"W#WWWYWjWzWregionallyiWW%W.W/W4W<W?WAWOW[WyWWregionallymetamorphosedwithpoorlypreservedandlocallypVWW W WW=W?WrelationWrelativelyWWWrelicsWrelict;WcWWremainderWWremnantWAWYWremnantcoreofrhyodacitedomerepresentingoneofthelateYVremnantofflow-bandedmassiveandglassyrhyoliteflowthatAVremnants WrepetitiveWreplaceWreplaces WreplacingWrepresentWxWWW/WWrepresentingYWaWWrepresents@W4W?WyWresembles*WresistantWWWrestWrestricted3WWPWWWWrestrictedtoactivefloodplainschieflysandandsiltsome3VresultedWresurrectionCWNWpWqWretain0Wretained;WcWWretainingWR.particularly@peliticandquartzofeldspathicschistandgneisswithabunda@phase@piles@pillows@plains@{plutons@porphyritic@|poyphyritic@predominate@mzpzi/orangeoverprintPpagpampaspasm%pasmv)pav68pavs79pe!pel pgoph phl pinkpl plpsc'pm $ppappamppasgppasc&ppasmppasvc(ppat,-ppdppfppgpppppsppt*pspsm^pt+pupzgpzk05pzm"2pzpBpzsApzumpzv;pzvcpzvp:qqa(*-0789:;=7CDqaaqabf qabv.qadf8qaf>?@ACEqafb6qaffDqafpqagǂʂ̂Rqagaqaho}*threeBWW[W<WCWNWthreeeruptiveflowcentersrecognizedsimilartomtgordonVthreehornblende-dacitedomesrocksofdomes1and2arelig[VthroughWW&WthroughoutWWWWWW%WthrustWthrustsWWWti2WWd†B%Younger Wisconsin glaciation depositsC PleistoceneDeTerminal and lateral moraines of late(?) phase of Wisconsin glaciation. Chiefly diamicton and rubbleGMC003H206IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQogBOlder glaciation depositsC QuaternaryDPDrift of older glaciations. Includes lake deposits in the Chitina River valley.GMC004H406IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQwgBDrift of Wisconsin glaciationC PleistoceneDDrift of Wisconsin glaciation. Chiefly lateral and ground moraine of both younger and older stages of Wisconsin glaciation. Diamicton and rubble; local gravel and sand.GNB008H806INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQogBDrift of older glaciationsC PleistoceneDSDrift of Wisconsin glaciation. Chiefly diamicton; local sand, gravel and boulders.GNB008H807INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK135N1350†AQloBDrift of Late Wisconsin ageC PleistoceneDODrift of Late Wisconsin age Well-defined outwash fan. Chiefly gravel and sand.GNB004H408INabesnay7noteWnourishedWWnovatakW"WnowWWnsaW"WdWUWnuee2WFWWWnumberW~WWnumerousZW[W\W]WW^WaWWWWWWOWnunataksWnutzotinWWWWobliterate;WSWobscuring8WobservedWhWobsidianWobviouslyWoccasionalWWW@Woccasionaly:WoccupiedWoccurWWWWWWWWWWWW/W8W<WCWNWWWWoccuring WoccurrenceWWWolder%WBWZW[W]WjWkWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWMWXW~WWWWW W WW-WWFW[WbWWWolderalluviuminlargerstreamsandfanskVolderandesiteandbasalticandesiteundividedVoligoceneWWolistostromeWolive-grayXWWWolivineWWWWW W WWW/W3W6WfWtWwWxWzWWWWWWiWolivinebasaltandandesiteVolivinebasaltandbasalticandesiteiVolivine-bearingW;WUWsWWolivine-bearingtwo-pyroxenedaciteandminortwo-pyroxenea;VWMWOW\WzW}W~WWothersWWWoutwashW W!W"W#W%W+WAWBWnWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWoutwashprobablyofmainphaseofglaciationlocatedinwellVW2ˆCue in thick channel deposits or rhythmically interbedded and graded with gray to black siltstone, argillite, or slate.QEcContains very sparse warm water molluscan fauna and abundant carbonized sub-tropical plant remains.GMS002H46IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK2841UˆCLate and (or) Middle TriassicD-Medium- to coarse-grained, subophitiic gabbroGMC002H28IMcCarthyJIgneousK4320ˆATrgB?Gabbro and diabase and gabbronorite dikes -- Wrangellia TerraneCLate Triassic (?)DBClinopyroxene-hornblende gabbro and diabase and gabbronorite dikesGGU002H138IGulkanaJIgneousK4320ˆATrcgB&Stocks and plugs -- Wrangellia TerraneCLate Triassic (?)D)Clinopyroxene-hornblende stocks and plugsGGU002H139IGulkanaJIgneousK4320ˆATrgBGabbroCBLate Middle Triassic and Early Late Triassic, Karnian and LadinianAxRock is dark green gray, fine to meduim grained, subophitic; interpreted as feeders and progenitors of Nikolai basaltic lavas. Having rare porphyritic phases, unit forms small plutons, dikes and sills cutting, predominantly, the Hasen Creek Formation with a few small dikes withing the Nikolai Greenstone. It is cut by Tertiary hypabyssal dikes and locally, calcite veinletsxGMC100H120IMcCarthyJIgneousK4320ˆAJTrshPfeldspathicWWWWWWWWWWWW4WWWWWWfeldspatholithicWWWWjWkWlWmWfeldspatholitihicWfelsicWWWW'WWfelsicgraniticrocks'VfeltedWfetidW saint6WWWWWWWWWWWW W WW'WzW{WWWWWWWWWW2W6W7WBWkWWsanitWstcWvaldez#0@Omׂ邆"#'VWXefhls‚ʂ΂т */0679;Orca Group -- Interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocksCEocene (?) and Paleocene'balluviuminfansandconesthatarenotgradedtopresent-daBValluviuminfansdepositedbyactivesteep-gradientstreamsAValluviuminhigherterracesalonglargerstreamsandininacsVtVuVvValluviumofactivefloodplainsandlowestterracesofmajor(Valluviumolderalluviumcolluviumtaluslandslidesrockglac%V<thicknessmWWWWWWWWWW8W>WWWWW#W%WthinWW W WW0W6WtWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW5W8W?WgWhWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W W4W:W?WWthinbeddedsandstoneveryfinegraineddarkgreenishgraya5Vthinflowswithoxidizeddark-redscoriaceoustopsandbotto Vthintomediumflowswithoxidizeddark-redscoraceoustops Vthintomedium-beddedandesiteflowsanddiversevolcanoclas?Vthintomedium-beddedargilliteandgraywackegraywackeistVthintomedium-beddedargilliteandgraywackemetamorphosedVWWCWNWtholeiiteWtholeiiticWWWWW=WtholeiiticpillowbasaltpillowbrecciaandminoraquagenetVthoseWthoughtHWW/Wnxdriftofthealaskanglaciation@eoliandeposits@fans@fluvio-glacial@formation@7glacial@glaciations@9granodioriteandgranite@graphic@ground@)haleycreekmetamorphicassemblage@&ho-humdomecomplexhighsilicaandesiteanddaciteflows@hubbs@intrusion@kaskawulshgroupofkindle@landslide@:lavasoftumblecreekdaciteflows@Imaficdikessillsandplugs@marinesedimentaryrocks@5marineshorelinedeposits@}metamorphosedpeliticandcalc-schistmetamorphiccomplexof@mineral@emoraines@mud@neoglacial@rnizina@nuee@roclasticflow@.quartzofeldspathic@;river@rocks-capital@schistose@schistosehornblendegabbrometamorphiccomplexofgulkanar@$sedimentaryrocks@shallow@shield@Aslope@stationcreekformationvolcaniclasticmember@surficial@tto@p‰^Btaceous plutons. Has been thought to metamorphosed equivalent of the Strelna Formation or the Skolai Group, however it lacks any meta-limestone as would be expected for the Skolai Group. Unit is also similar to Triassic and Jurassic diorite complex of the Nabesna quadrangle.FLK-Ar age on hornblende from metagabbro of 152 +/- 6 Ma; thought to be reset.GVA005H5920IValdezJ MetamorphicK5920;mountain@WaWWWWWWWKWmovementcWgWWWmovementsRWmtWWWWWWW'W)WYWZWsWmtdrumvolcanochieflyvarigatedcrudelystratifiedandpoo'Vmtdrumvolcanomediumtodarkgrayporphyriticolivine-bearVmtwrangellshieldandvalleyfilllavasundifferentiatedreVmtwrangellshieldlavamediumtodarkgraymoderatelytohiVmuchaWW+WWWWWWWWWWWWmud5W6WyWWWWWWWW~WmudclayandpeatyVmud-richWmudflowWWmudflows!WmudstoneWWWWWWWWWWWWWWmulti-colored#Wmulti-coloredvoluminousdebrisavalanchedepositcontaining#Vmultiple-flow9WmyWnWna-cl-hco3Wna-hco3-richWnabesnaWW WmWWnadinaeWnW)WnearnWWWWWWWWzWWWWGdepositsinbithactiverockglaciersandinactiverockglacVVS/†DChiefly ground moraine extensively modified by alluvial and colluvial processes. Diamiction; locally alluvial sand, gravel, and boulders.GVA007H18IValdezJUnconsolidatedK190N1900†AQigB Drift of intermediate glaciationCQuaternary, PleistoceneDDrift deposits mostly on moderately steep slopes. Chiefly ground with some lateral moraines; a few ponds. Mostly diamicton and some gravel. Locally mixed with and overlain by colluvial and alluvial depositsGGU101H123IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK190N1900†AQiglB3Drift of intermediate glaciation - lateral morainesCQuaternary, PleistoceneD_Lateral moraines, some of which have gently sloping ridge crests. Chiefly diamicton and rubbleGGU101H124IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK190N1900†AQogBDrift of Older GlaciationsCQuaternary, Pleistocenex‡5B,Second-cycle cone-building flows - UndividedCQuaternary, PleistoceneD#Undivided andesite and dacite flowsGGU101H134IGulkanaJIgneousK335N3350‡6AQafbBFlows, flow breccias, and tuffCQuaternary, PleistoceneAThin to thick flows, chiefly of andesite and dacite composition, interlayered with massive breccias, palagonitized airfall beds, and probably lahars. Deposits of buff-colored crystal-lithic tuff and breccia containing clasts of plagioclase and hornblende dacite porphyry in a tan trubid matrix. Flows are two-pyroxene andesites, olivine andesites, and two-pyroxene dacites. They are dark greenish gray, fine grained, and generally porphyritic, but locally equigranular and gabbroic in appearB2ance. Porphyritic rocks contain small phenocrysts GGU101H140IGulkanaJIgneousK335N3350‡7AQaBWrangell Lava - Andesite flowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneT%coal-bearingWWWWP$†AhUndifferentiated glacial and fluvioglacial deposits interlayered with occasional thin volcanic flows. Observed only in north wall of Jacksina Glacier valley where unit is overlain by a dacitic andesite agglutinate flow (Qdaa) approximately 1.3 my old. Chiefly diamicton and sand, gravel, and boulders. Probably older than most of basaltic cinder cones (Qbc)hGNB109H309INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK190N1900R=coal-bearingW9rubblyfWWruggedsWrussellWWrusty~WWrusty-gray7Ws WWWiWsabkhaW}WsaccharoidalWsaintWWsalineWKWsameWiWsamovarWsample Wsampled]WhWsamplesLWjWkWlWmWWsand W!W"W#W(W+W,W.W/W0W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWDWEWKWMWNWOWPWQWRWWWZW[W\W]WlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WCWDWEWFWHWIWJWLWMWOWRW`WbWWWWWWWWWWWWsanddunesV-‡GMC003H323IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATrlB@Rocker Creek volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, undifferentiatedCTertiaryDDark basalt to andesite lava flows and minor interlayered mudflows and maroon to dark-green volcanic siltstone, sandstone, and pebble conglomerate. Structurally deformed; bedding dips 20 to the southwestF2whole-rock K-Ar age of 26 Ma from basalt lava flowGMC003H319IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATauB1Older andesites and basaltic andesites, undividedCPlioceneD/Older andesite and basaltic andesite, undividedGNB008H839INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡ATrtBRhyolite tephraCTertiaryDBedded, light-colored, rhyolitic air-fall deposits locally as much as 25 m thick. Exposed in the extreme northeast sector of caldera; may represent distal air-fall deposits of Twr. Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek Shield volcano; intracaldera(?) rocksGMC003H317IMcCarthyJIgneousK1041‡ATpfBDacite pyroclastic flowCTertiary‡A Dense thin to thick extensive flows, locally exhibiting pronounced columnar jointing. Rocks are chiefly gray to dark-gray olivine basalts containing abundant phenocrysts. Indicated source areas are the Ice Fields Plateau, Jaeger Mesa, and an eruptive center in B-5 F9K-Ar date on whole rock indicates age of 0.89 +/- 0.21 myGNB109H318INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010%O_littleWlncludesWlncludesatleast1500mofinterbeddedmassivetothin-beddVloadWWWWlobateWWWW:WQWlobesUWlocalZW[W]WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWW7W8WmWtWxWWWeoceneMeoceneandpaleocene@holocene@(holoceneandpleistocene@ jurassicandtriassic@lateandmiddlejurassic@latecretaceousmid-coniaciantomaestrichtian@late-early-albian@middlepaleozoicandolderpennsylvanian@neoglacial@paleocene@pennsylvanianpermian@ |pleistocene@pleistoceneandpliocene@pleistoceneorpliocene@quaternary@kequaternaryholocene@?quaternarypleistocene@htertiaryearlyeoceneandlatepaleocene@F1923@l3@ 45@aSasequenceofthintothick-beddedsandstonesiltstoneandm@atransgressivemarinesequenceconsistspredominantlyofco@absense@Oaccretionaly@activityZadjacent@all@alluviuminfansandconesthatarenotgradedtopresent-da@Jalluviumonactivefloodplainsandonlowestterracesofma@'alpine@large>W@WOWPWaWWWWWWWWWWWEWLWMW`WeWnWoWWlargebodiesoffoliatefinetomedium-grainedhornblendebiVlargelyWW2W_WWWWW~WlargelyinterbeddedmafictointermediatemetavolcanicrocksVVlarger(W,W-W2W7W8W9W:W;W=W?WDWEWHWVW_WcWgWkWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWHWIWWWWWWW@‡DMassive flow(s) of dense to vesicular basaltic andesite exhibiting pronounced columnar jointing. Rocks are dark gray to black and contain abundant phenocrysts. Unit caps north end of Lakes Plateau. Source is probably localGNB109H324INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQbBWrangell Lava - BasaltCQuaternary, PleistoceneDShort flows and small irregular masses intimately associated with, and probably the extrusive equivalent of the palagonitic basalt tuffs (Qbt) in the Ice Fields Plateau area. Rocks are dark gray to black and contain abundant olivine phenocrystsGNB109H325INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQabfB4Wrangell Lava - Andesite and Basaltic Andesite FlowsCQuaternary, PleistoceneDFlows with dark-red scoriaceous tops and bottoms. Consists chiefly of gray to dark-gray flows containing sparse phenocrysts. Source is local, apparently under the present ice cover in the n.e. part of the Ice Fields PlateauGNB109H326INabesnaJIgneousK301N3010‡AQtbf ‡‡ATk?BKulthieth Formation(?)C#Tertiary, Eocene and late PaleoceneAAt least 3,000 m of orange weathering light-gray feldspathic to lithofeldspathic sandstone and calcareous sandstone interbedded with dark-gray siltstone, pebble conglomerate, and many thin beds of coal. Commonly well-indurated with bituminous rank coal. Complexly deformed into tight fault-bounded chevron folds overturned to south with bedding plane thrusts tending to be localized in coal beds. EEContains a sparse marine megafauna and locally abundant plant fossilsGMS002H36IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK860‡ATkBKulthieth FormationC#Tertiary, Eocene and late PaleoceneYK‰x‰yAKvB)Greenschist-facies flysch -- Valdez GroupCLate CretaceousA=Flysch metamorphosed to lower greenschist-facies. Mainly mudstone and graywacke turbidite beds, carbonaceous phyllite, minor mafic tuff and breccia in a thick regionally extensive belt of accreted flyschoid deep marine rocks. Metamorphic grade increases southward from lower greenschist-facies to amphibolite-facies=GMC006H437IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK2700‰zAJcBChitina Valley batholithC Late JurassicACompositionally diverse quartz monzodiorite, ranging from granite to diorite, generally foliated and locally gneissic particularly within plutons enclosed by the Strelna Metamorphics of Plafker and others (1989) (PPasm). K-Ar dates indicate plutonic ages of 157-138 Ma, foliated phase ages are as young as 122 Ma; synchronous with Late Jurassic major regional orogeny perhaps related to subduction along Border Ranges Faultk†vC$Quaternary, Holocene and PleistoceneDAlluvium in higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Chiefly well-sorted gravel and sand, minor silt and boulders. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, localized deposits include the HoloceneGNB007H711INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†wAQflBFluviolacustrine depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDIDeposits of lakes, ponds, and low-gradient streams. Sand, silt, and clayGNB002H102INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK112N1120†xAQglBGlaciolacustrine depositsC PleistoceneD>Deposits of glacial lakes. Clay, silt, sand, and minor gravelGNB002H103INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK112N1120†yAQflB#Fluviolacustrine and swamp depositsC QuaternaryDMud, clay and peatGMC004H402IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK112N1120†zAQflBFine-grained depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneDyChiefly silt, clay, fine sand, peat, and other organic material in ponds, swamps, lagoons, and along low-gradient streamsGBG004H311IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedcontainsasparsewarmwatermolluscanmegafaunaandlocallyVVcontainsaverysparsemarinemegafaunaVcontainsanabundantmarinemegafaunaandmicrofaunaVVVVcontainssparsebutdiversemegafaunaofprobableneocomian8Vcontainssparsetabulatecoralsandamphiporaofmiddleore1VcontainsverysparsewarmwatermolluscanfaunaandabundantVcoral Wcorals W W!W"W.W0W1Wcoralscrinoidsbrachiopodsbryozoansfusilinidindicateear VVVcretaceous5W:WWcrinoid Wcrinoids WdaonellaWdebrisWdecisaWWWdefinitive5WdiagnosticWdiatomsWWWdiatomsarachinodiscuscfaehrenbergiitrinacriaeftpilecVVVdictyochaWWWdiverse8Wdocument5WdocumentedWdocumentsWdominant:Wearly3W5W:WWWW W WechinoidsWWWWWefWWWehrenbergiiWWW sincludesalluviuminactivefloodplainsandinprincipalte0VCVDVincludesatleast1500mofinterbeddedmassivetothin-beddVincludesdepositsofactiverecentlyactiveandformerlyactVincludesdepositsthatareactiveorwererecentlyactiveinVincludesendandlateralmorainesoftheyoungerandolderpVincludeslargeslumpanddebrisavalanchedepositsparticulaaVincludesslumpsearth-debrisflowsblockglidesanddebrisahViVincludesthechetaslinavolcanicmass-flowdepositexposeda$V%Vincludestheextensivenadinahotavalanchedepositfrommt)V FindicatedWindicatesWWWWWWWWindistinguishablecWTWindividualW#W%WinduratedWinferredWWW WWWWinformalWinformallyWLWMWfWWinhomogeneous~WWinjectionWinoceramus1WintebedsWintenseWrWintenselyWWWWWWWintenslyWinterbeddedWWWWWaW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW/W0W>WAWCWNWnWoWpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W!W"W,W-WBWNWOW|Winterbeddedflowsofandesitemassivelaharslapilli-pumice-V0WinterpillowWWWintersticesWintertidalWWintertidalmudandsanddepositedinswampareasbetweenbeaVVintertonguesWWvKˆAUpper amphibolite facies schist and gneiss interlayered at scale of meters to centimeters. Top of unit marked by appearance of quartofeldspathic segregations in metapelite and base of unit marked by loss of stratal continuity through development of gneissic segregationsGCV006H506ICordovaJ MetamorphicK27150‡9IGulkanaJIgneousK336N3360‡:AQzdfB?Second-cycle cone-building flows - Thick lobate flows of daciteCQuaternary, PleistoceneDThick lobate flows of dacite and minor rhyodacite that form massive piles. Rocks are light to pinkish medium gray, weather dark reddish brown, and are porphyritic with phenocrystsGGU101H132IGulkanaJIgneousK336N3360‡;AQzofBFSecond-cycle cone-building flows - Olivine-bearing two-pyroxene daciteCQuaternary, PleistoceneDOlivine-bearing two-pyroxene dacite and minor two-pyroxene andesite flows. Source unknown. Flows are thick and massive with locally pronounced columnar jointing. Rocks are medium to dark gray and contain small phenocrystsGGU101H133IGulkanaJIgneousK336N3360‡WCWNWcWdWhWpWqWtWuWvW~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW%W)W,WSWTWUW\W]W^WislandWWWWWW WislandsmWWWisoclinalWisoclines7W1WisolatedsWW#WitWWWWWWW7WWWW WW^WjarvisvolcaniccomplexandesiteflowsundifferentiatedlavaCVjarvisvolcaniccomplexbasaltflowsDVjarvisvolcaniccomplexdaciteflowsTVjarvisvolcaniccomplexdikesandplugsdikesexaminedwereUVjmpWcmineralWWWWHWJWKWmineralspringandmudvolcanodepositsVVKVmineralspringdepositsVVmixedPWmodern2W3WmonzoniteWWWmonzonitesyenitegabbroVmonzonitic-graniticWmonzonitic-graniticcomplexVmoraineWWWWWWWWWWWW‡DMafic dikes, sills, and plugs. Strongly altered intrusions of diabase, alkalic basalt, olivine basalt, and lamprophyre. Probably related genetically to extrusive volcanic rocks (Tpv) in Poul Creek Fm.GCV003H423ICordovaJIgneousK1090‡ATmB Mafic plugsC Oligocene (?)AOnly includes mafic plugs in the eastern Cordova quadrangle west of Nichawak Mountain; mainly in the Blying Sound quadrangle. Miller (1975) and Winkler and Plafker (1981) described the mafic plugs as coarse grained and diabasic with 45 percent euhedral plagioclase intergrown with 30 percent anhedral augite and enstatite. The remainder of the rock is composed of 5 percent opaque minerals and 20 percent secondary chlorite. GCV002H423ICordovaJIgneousK1090‡ATvBBasalt of Hubbs CreekCEocene and Paleocene(?)D4Mafic basalt, layered tuff, tuff breccia and brecciaGMS002H96IMount Saint EliasJIgneousK1125‡ATovB'Orca Group -- volcanic rocks, undividedCPaleocene and Eocene?5z‡FkK-Ar on hornblende from fresh dacite float from the Kuskulana Glacier moraine indicate an age of 3.8 +/- myGMC100H109IMcCarthyJIgneousK1043MALT‡ATmB%Basaltic to andesitic plugs and dikesCTertiary, Miocene and OligoceneA`Small basalt plugs and dikes. Generally amygdaloidal and vesicular; may exhibit flow structures. Generally too small to show on map. Some of the basaltic rocks may be of Oligocene age based on correlation with compositionally similar submarine flow and pyroclastic rocks interbedded with sedimentary rocks elsewhere along the Gulf of Alaska margin.`GBG002H132IBering GlacierJIgneousK1051‡ATmB%Basaltic to andesitic plugs and dikesC"Tertiary, Miocene and Oligocene(/)F'feldspar-richWWWWq sedimentaryj‚ÂĂłƂȂɂʂ˂̂͂΂+,-./0123456789:jklm̂͂΂ςЂт҂ӂԂՂւ؂قۂ݂ނ肉 !\_w{|}tectonite*<=>x(xinrWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWW W#W%W&W'W)W,W2WCWDWEWHWIWJWOWTWUW\W`WbWgWyW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWinactivestreambedsandlowestterracesalonglargerstreamVinhigherterracesalonglargerstreamsandininactivealluHVIVVVVV #‡‡ATsBSiltstone of Oily LakeCEoceneDaDark-gray, siliciceous, organic-rich siltstone. Exposed only near Oily Lake in the Samovar HillsGMS002H37IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK875‡ATosB*Orca Group -- sedimentary rocks, undividedCPaleocene and Eocene?AMarine argillite, siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. Argillite and siltstone are more abundant than the coarser-grained rocks. Well-bedded, repetitive finer-grained and coarser-grained strata; primary sedimentary features are diagnostic of deposition by sediment-gravity flow. Finer-grained facies dominate west of Valdez Arm. Conglomerate clasts are of diverse extrabasinal lithologies.GVA002H950IValdezJ SedimentaryK950‡ATosB*Orca Group -- Sedimentary rocks, undividedCTertiary, Eocene and PaleoceneTx‰A^Widespread sequence of tholeiitic flood basalt flows, mainly subaerial and characteristically amygdaloidal, include subordinate volcaniclastic interbeds and volcanic conglomerate basal sections. Metamorphosed to prehnite-pumpellyite facies although alteration rarely masks primary mineralogy and texture. Contains anomalously high amounts of copper^GMC006H418IMcCarthyJIgneousK4420UterminallateralandgroundmoraineunsortedboulderscobbleVterminate#WtermininWterrace+Wterraces(W,W/W0W1W2W7W8W9W:W;W<W=WlWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWCWDWHWIWWWWWWWWterraneW+W1W9WUWcWdWeWfWWWWWWWWWW#WTWUWterrestrial3Wterritory WtertiarymWWWW5WhWWWWWWW WqWtetelna&W'W+WgWWtetelnavolcanicshornblendeandesiteandothervolcanicroc+VtetlinKWtetlinphasepoyphyriticquartzmonzonitewithabundantandKVtetlnaWWtexturalW\Wtexturally#WtextureYWWWWWjWkWlWmWWWWtexturedWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW)W*W8W;W=WCWNWiWjWkWWˆˆAJgbB'Greenschist and transitional blueschistCJurassicA Chiefly intercalated greenschist and blueschist, but includes lawsonite, muscovite, or actinolite schist, carbonaceous schist, highly siliceous rocks containing stilpnomelane, and foliated calcareous rocks. Similar to Raspberry, Seldovia, and Knik River schist units. F]K-Ar ages on crossite and muscovite range from 152 to 175 Ma, thought to be metamorphic ages.GVA002H572IValdezJ MetamorphicK3610ˆAJTrmB"McCarthy Formation -- lower memberC*Early Jurassic? and Late Triassic (Norian)DMarine limestone, shale, and chert. Lower member consists of interbedded finely-laminated, dark-gray, impure limestone, subordinate fissile shale, and minor chert.E8Monotis and both calcareous and silicieous microfossils.F1Minimum age from intruding granodiorite of 144 MaGVA002H3821IValdezJ SedimentaryK3820ˆAJTrmBMcCarthy FormationC Early Jurassic and Late Triassicznb002()F^wx΂肆Fn!$&(),@DEFGHIMPQRSTYZ[\]^aЂよ䂈炈 !*./4@nb007=]iv~̂ょ3Ebcjknb008.>Mт҂!-CDLMNOPQRSTUqrnb10823CDTfo‚܂݂ +.78ituvwxyAXӂԂނ킉 -nb109?@a{|}~ B`va002lʂт */067WWWxWmelangeunitsvaldezgroupxVmemberWW(W)Wmeta-igneous3W=W>W@WmetaflyschhWxW~WWmetamorphicWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW6W7W8W9W^Wmetamorphicrocksbetweenborderrangesandhubbardfaultsm6V7V8V9VmetamorphicrocksofthebrabazonrangeVmetamorphicsW%WWmetamorphosedWWWW$WmetamorphosedclinopyroxenebasaltmetamorphiccomplexofguVmetamorphosedhornblendeandesitemetamorphiccomplexofgulVwrangellvolcanotwo-pyroxenehigh-silicaandesiteflowsVwrangellia9WUWWWWWWwrangelliaterranechitinavalleybatholithVwrangelliaterraneconsistsofbergcreekformationandunna9VwrangelliaterraneconsistsofkotsinaconglomeratemiddleoVwrangelliaterranehaleycreekmetamorphicassemblageconsisVwrangelliaterranenikolaigreenstoneVwrangelliaterraneskolaigroupVwrstwWxenoliths9WyWyakatagaWWyakutatWWWWWLWWWWWWWWWWyakutatgroupisaheterogeneousassemblageincludingclastiVVVVVVWWWWWWWWWabundantWWWWWWWWW+W-W.W3W:Wabundantanddominantinocerimusaswellaspinnasimbirskit:Vabundantfossilsindicateanagespanfromlatealbiantoma+VacilaWWWagemW+W3W8WgWWWW3Wk*@‡AVery thick, complexly deformed, monotonous sequence of thin- to thick-bedded turbidites consisting of sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone; metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies. Sandstone is feldspathic to litho-feldspathic. Abundant primary sedimentary features indicate deposition from sediment gravity flows, chiefly turbidity currents, in a submarine-fan complex. E{In Prince William Sound area to the west, contains sparse planktonic foraminifers, fossil crabs, pelecypods, and gastropodsGBG002H139IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK950Gmtalusbouldertopebble-sizedangularrockdebrisJVtalusbutalsoincludesdepositsofsmalllandslidesrockglKVtalusdepositsIVtanW6WWAWtanlight-grayandlight-gray-greenquartz-muscoviteschistAVtanadaiWtbaWtbpaWtddWtdhWtectonicWWWtectonicallyCWNWdWWUWWtectonicsWtemporalW$WtendingWWWtendspWqWtensionalWtephraW!WlWmWWWtermianlWterminal W!W"W#WWWWWWWWterminalandlateralmoraineatbaseofsmallicefieldchieVterminalandlateralmorainesoflatephaseofwisconsinglaVndslidesrocVtheglaciofluvialdepositsbroadlydistributedbelow900miVtheyWthicknessmWthoseWthoughtHWthreeBWtidalWWtillWto1W3W>WBWHWJWSWTWnWoWWWWWWWWWWyexposuresZW[W]WW8WpWqWWexpressionvWWextend8WWextended=WextendingWWextendsWWextensive W!W"W#W\WWWW WW)W<WtW}WWWWWWW*WWWWW^WfWpWyWextensivebutrelativelythin25-35mdaciteagglutinateconVextensiveflat-lyingandesiticflowspVextensiveflowsanddomesofgraytopinkish-graydevitrifieVextensiveflowswithoxidizeddark-redscoriaceoustopsand}VextensiveflowswithoxidizedscoriaceoustopsandbottomsmtVextensivesingleflowwithwell-formedcolumnarjointsandb<Vextensivethintolocallythickasmuchas35mlavaflowsaVSWeWhWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWWWWW!W,W0W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;WttotheolivineandesiteflowsunitqfmVKT‰}AvChiefly limestone and dolomite; minor chert and marble; locally fossil rich. The upper Chitistone and cherty Nizina deposited in a shallow to moderately deep marine neritic environment; transition into an intertidal-supratidal setting with local sabkha facies full of algal-mat chips, stromatolites, and evaporate relics typical of the dolostone-rich lower Chitistone rocksvGMC006H426IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK4030!valdezgroupgreenstonetVuVvVvaldezgroupinterbeddedmetavolcanicandmetasedimentaryronVoVvaldezgroupinterbeddedvolcanicandsedimentaryrockspVqVvaldezgroupmetaflyschhVvaldezgroupmetasedimentaryrocksundividedeViVvaldezgroupmetavolcanicrocksundividedrVsVvaldezgroupparagneissVVVvaldezgrouppeliticandquartzofeldspathicschistandgneis|VVVvaldezgroupphylliteandschistdeleteunitonnewvamapfVvaldezgroupschistyVvaldezgroupschistosemetaflyschxVvaldezgroupschistosetogneissicmetaflyschandmigmatite~VvaldezgroupschistosetogneissicmetaflyschandmigmatiteVvaldezgroupsedimentaryrocksundividedjVlVmVvaldezgroupultramaficrocksCVNVW(Wvalley-fillWvolcanicSWWWWWWW#W$W%W&W'W(W*W+WCWDWGWHWIWJWKWTWUWdWgWjWoWpWWW‰IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5920‰AmmpBKMetamorphosed pelitic and calc-schist; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Paleozoic (?) or olderD%Metamorphosed pelitic and calc-schistGGU002H169IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5920‰APasB 15) with minor quartz, magnetite, and sphene. Probably mainly derived from mafic basaltic flow rocks. Occurs in a large fault-bounded block of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks metamorphosed to dominantly epidote-amphibolite facies assemblages that are in part doubly foliated. Inferred to be correlative with the Valdez Group metamorphic rocks on basis oBPf lithology, metamorphic grade, and structural style (Plafker and others, 1994).>FK-Ar dating of a biotite and hornblende pair in the adjacent Saint Elias quadrangle yields recrystallization ages of 17-23 m.y.GBG002H151IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2715rocks-capitalWWdWgWrocks-drumW&WGWIWJWrocks-nathlieoWWrocks-sanfordW*WHWKWrocks-wrangellWWsWsaintWsandstoneWWsanfordWWWWWW WLW`WbWsanforddebrisflowdeposits Vsanfordvolcanodome`VbVsanfordvolcanolavaflowsVschistfWwWyWzW{W|WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWAW[WschistoflibertycreekVschistofmountaugustaamphiboliteschist{VVschistofmountaugustainterbeddedquartzofeldspathicschisVschistofmountaugustaintercalatedquartzofeldspathicschiVschistofmountaugustapeliticschistVschistofnunatakfiordamphibolite-dioritecomplexatthenVschistofnunatakfiordmetavolcanicrocksofnovatakglacieVschistofnunatakfiordschistVVschistofnunatakfiordschistofnovatakglacierareaV ˆFiK-Ar ages on mica yielded 20.9, 24.1, and 30.6 Ma; dates on possibly related dikes were 25.3 and 23.5 Ma.GYA002H19IYakutatJIgneousK1273MHFSˆATi3BTonaliteCTertiaryDMostly biotite tonalite but also includes biotite-muscovite +/- garnet tonalite and trondhjemite. Includes both weakly foliated, syn-D plutons (Ti3a) and unfoliated, post D plutons (Ti3b)GCV005H505ICordovaJIgneousK1273ˆATi2B Tonalite CTertiaryDMostly hornblende-biotite tonalite but also includes biotite tonalite. Strongly foliated and lineated plutons with fabrics subparallel to D2 in adjacent metamorphic rocksGCV005H506ICordovaJ MetamorphicK1273ˆATi2B Tonalite CTertiaryDMostly hornblende-biotite tonalite but also includes biotite tonalite. Strongly foliated and lineated plutons with fabrics subparallel to D2 in adjacent metamorphic rocksGCV006H504ICordovaJ MetamorphicK1273ˆATi3bBTonaliteCTertiarynm@ma@maficbasaltlayeredtufftuffbrecciaandbreccia@magma@ mainlyfluvialandfluvio-glacialgravelsandandmudinclud@)mainlythick-beddedfinetocoarse-grainedlocallyschistose@major@mappedonhigherterracesalonglargerstreamsprobablyrela@1marble-granodiorite@marinelimestoneshaleandchertlowermemberconsistsofin@*mark@massiveclast-supportedwell-roundedpebblecobbleandbould@Hmassivedark-gray-weatheringhornblende-richflowsthatradi@massiveflowsofdensetovesicularbasalticandesiteexhib@Emassivetothick-beddedgraytowhitefinetocoarse-grained@maximum@mediumgrainedbiotite-hornblendegranodioritewithhypidiom@medium-grain@$medium-gray@metagranodiorite@ metamorphosedclinopyroxenebasalt@te@mostlytabularorlenticularbodiesofmaficvolcanicrocks@mountsanfordvolcanodikesundifferentiated@Qˆ8CEarly CretaceousADark greenish-gray to very dark gray shale, locally concretionary, with subordinate siltstone, arkosic sandstone, and arkosic granule- to pebble conglomerate. Chocolate-brown to reddish-brown weathering colors and hackly to slaty cleavage are conspicuous in the shale, completely obscuring bedding in most places. Locally contain thin coquina and carbonaceous detritus, particularly in sandstone and pebble conglomerate beds near base of unit. Thickness unknown, but exceeds 200 meters. PresuBXmed to correlate with unnamed Neocomian rocks that occur in scattered exposures in the adjacent McCarthy quadrangle (MacKevett, 1978) and extend westward as far as the mouth of the Chitina River (Grantz and others, 1966) and eastward into adjacent parts of Canada (Campbell and Dodds, 19 ) and the St. Elias Mountains (Sharp and Rigsby, 1956).FE?Contains sparse but diverse megafauna of probable Neocomian ageGBG002H163IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK2110ˆ9AKs8ˆdˆgDˆiAt-ˆkB%ˆlBˆmBˆnBfˆpA ˆrA/ˆuA,ˆxDˆ{DDˆ~AˆAˆGˆAˆAˆBˆDˆAbvˆAˆCˆAˆACD2ˆBˆˆDˆAˆJˆAYˆ@mˆAˆD<ˆAˆDˆD!ˆCˆF6ˆAˆAnˆAdˆI%ˆDjˆA9ˆAjˆBˆA ˆCEˆBUˆI;ˆAuˆKˆAt~ˆAˆA|ˆJ ‰J‰A‰ As‰ D,‰ A~‰CF‰D‰D‰B‰qqfWqflWOWqgZW[W]WFWqgbfWqrdAW_WqsWqtafuWqtautWuWWqtrWWqtrdWWWqtujWquadmW W:W?WOWWWWWWWWW W&WyWWquartzWWWWWWWWW W!W$W(W-Wquartz-bearingNWquartz-calciteWquartz-rich3WquiteWWWqvaeWqwg\WradialgWradialdikeswarmandplugsgVradiate9WradiolariansWWWraggedWWWrandomlyWWrangeW(WmWWWWWWrangesWWlWWWWWW-Wrangesfrommatrix-supportedpebblymudstoneandsandstonetVrangingWWfWWrankWWWrapidRWWW4W5Wrare2WWWWrarelyWratiosWWWWrecedingWrecentlyWWWWrecessionWWrecognizedBWnWWred.WwWWWW ablationWaciticuWactive-WWactivealluvium-Vactivecliff-headdunedepositsVageWWWWWagglutinateW<WWagglutinatesiWWahtellWWWahtellplutonVVValaskanWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWWalaskanglaciationdepositsVValexanderWalluvial(W)W*W1W5W6WAWBWCWDWEWnWoWalluvialandoutwashdeposits5V6Valluvialdeposits(V)V*ValluvialfansEValluvium+,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W4789:;<=>W?W@WAWBWCWDWPWkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWCWDWHWpareaWWW WW9WWWWWWWW=WW,WOWareaofdriftdepositsmainlygroundmoraineextensivelychaV maficbasaltlayeredtufftuffbrecciaandbrecciaVmaficdikessillsandplugsstronglyalteredintrusionsofdVmaficmetatuffandminormassiveorweaklyfoliatedgreenstorV5W6W>W@WUWWWWWWWlWmWWWW#W=WEWFWhWmainlyfluvialandfluvio-glacialgravelsandandmudinclud5V6Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsandlowermostterracesofmajo,Vmainlyinactivefloodplainsofmajorandsomeminorstream.Vmainlylargeactivefansandconesonsteeptogentleslopes>Vmainlylargebroadgenerallyactivefansandconesonmounta@VmainlylavaflowsofintermediatecompositionalsoincludesVmainlyoutwashrelatedtoalaskanglaciationandpossiblyyoVmainlyphylliticmetapelite70-80percentandsubordinatemehVmainlysandandgravelofpresentandformerbeachesbeachrVmainlytillbutlocallyincludeslacustrineandglaciofluviaVVQ5graybandedquartzofeldspathicgneissVVt†lDxDeposits in higher terraces along major streams and in old dissected alluvial fans. Chiefly boulders, gravel, and sand.GNB004H407INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†mAQoaBOlder alluviumC PleistoceneD]Chiefly sand, gravel, and boulders; may include some diamicton. Maximum thickness about 150m.GVA007H28IValdezJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†nAQoaBOld alluvial depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneA8Alluvium underlying intermediate and high terraces near major streams. Chiefly pebble to cobble gravel, and sand. Includes glacial outwash from various phases of Alaskan Glaciation. Four sequences of deposition recognized on outwash flood plains below termini of Nadina, West Drum, and Northwest Drum Glaciers8GGU101H103IGulkanaJUnconsolidatedK109N1090†oAQaoBOld alluvial depositsCQuaternary, HoloceneDMapped on higher terraces along larger streams; probably related to the older phase of the Alaskan Glaciation. Chiefly gravel and sandGNB108H507INabesnaKsubparallelWWWsubquartzoseWsubroundedW-Wsubsequently=WsubstrateWsubvolcanicWWsuccessiveWWWWsuch W!W"W#WRWWWWWWWsufidesWsugaryYWsuggestWCWNWsuggesting9WsuggestiveWWWsuiteWsulfideXWWWsulfidesWsuordinate@WsuperglacialWPWlWsuperglacialdriftVPVlVsupportpWWsupportedWsupraglacialWsupraglacialmoraineunweatheredpoorlysorteddebrisonsurVsurfaceWWWsurfacesWWWWWWWWsurficialWW W!W"W#WRWsurficialdepositsundifferentiatedVehyounger/W?WWWWWWWWWWWWaWcWyoungeralluvium/V?VyoungerendgroundandlateralmorainedepositsVVyoungerglacialdepositsundividedVyoungerglacialmoraineVVyoungerplutonswrangelliaterraneVyoungerporphyryVyoungerwisconsinglaciationdepositsVWWWWWWWholoceneW !"#&W'W()W*+,./0W1W2W3W567W8W9W:W;W<W=W>?@WAWBWCWDWEWFWGHWIJKWMWNOWPWQWRWSWTWVWWXWYWZW[W\W]W^_`aWcdeWfWghWiWlnWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWÂĂłWWWWWWWgroundmoraineofmainphaseofwisconisinglaciationdiamicVground-moraineWWWgroundmassWWWVWWWXWeWfWwWWWWgroundmassesWgroupWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWWW>WCWLWNWfWkWlWmWqWrWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW!W&WKW^WgWxWWgrownWhighZW[W]WnWWWWWNWOWiWjWWWWhigh-levelWhigh-silicaWWWhigher7W8WlWoWqWrWsWtWuWvWWhighlyWW4W?WWhillNW\WhillsWho-humWMWNWOWPWQWRWSWho-humdomecomplexanandesite-dacitedome-flowcenternortMVho-humdomecomplexchieflynortherlytrendingdikesapparenPVho-humdomecomplexdacitecentralplugQVand/orW{epillowsWWWWWpink^WWWWpink-grayWpink-weatheringWWpinkish(W9W:W?WaWpinkish-grayWpinnacleWpittedWplWplacedWplacesWWWWWWW7W8WjWkWlWmWnWWWWW#WplafkerWWWW=WWWWYWjWzWplagioclaseWWW W6W8WVWWWXWeWfWuWwWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W&WKWXWYWaWbWWWWWWplagioclase-richeWndfˆAFormerly named McCarthy Shales. Upper: thin bedded, fine-grained spiculite, impure chert, impure limestone, and shale; Lower: thin-bedded impure limestone (wackestone), calcareous carbonaceous shale, and impure, locally spiculitic, chert. Temporal, but not lithologic, equivalents in Talkeetna Formation in Talkeetna Mtns. Monotis-bearing Upper Triassic rocks in Nabesna Quad probable correlativeEUpper: 'paleontological evidence' indicates an age span from Hettangian to Pliensbachian Lower: Monotis pelecypods and other 'fossils' indicate Norian ageGMC002H8IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK3820foldsWWWWWWWWWWWWWfoliateWW"WLWWfoliatefinetomedium-grainedseriatehypidiomorphicbiotitVfoliatedWWWWW#WDWEWFWJWPWQWWWZWdWeWrWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W:WUWYW^WjWzWfoliatedanddoublyfoldedmassivetothinlybandedmaficme:VfoliationfWWWWWfollowsWWWforWWWW"WWWW#W^Wforaminiferal0WforaminifersWWWforkWaWcWforks)WfWextensivelyWWXWWextrabasinalW_WextractableWWWextremeWextruded WAWextrusiveWWeyesWfyWfabriccWTWfabricsWWfaceWfaciesWWWWWWWW$W<W>WLWcWeWfWhWiWnWrWtWuWvW}WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WW+W.W/W4W<W?WAWTW]W_W}W~WWfairweatherWfanW/Wfans(W,W-W7W8W9W:W;W=W>W?W@WAWBWDWEWKWOWRWkWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWfar8WfaultWWWWWW#Wfault-boundedWWWWWWWWWWWfaultedWWfaultsWfeatures W!W"W#WTWWsWWWW;WWfeederWfeedersWfeldsparWW(WXWjWkWlWmWWWf‡‡ATotsB*Orca Group -- Tuffaceous sedimentary rocksCEocene (?) and PaleoceneATuffaceous sedimentary rocks, volcaniclastic sandstone, and minor chert. Locally, these rocks contain abundant radiolarians and diatoms of probable Tertiary age (table 2). South of the Martin fault, this unit also includes minor pillow basalt and abundant volcanic breccia. The rocks are altered to a bright orange-weathering gossan and are intruded by numerous porphyritic dikes for a distance of 10 mi along the south side of the Martin fault.EDiatoms: Arachinodiscus cf., A. ehrenbergii, Trinacria ef., T. pileclus Silicoflagellates: ?Corbisema geometrica, ?Corbisema hastata, ?Corbisema triacontha, Dictyocha aspera, Navoculopgis constrictaGCV002H272ICordovaJ SedimentaryK950‡ATosB*Orca Group -- Sedimentary rocks, undividedCEocene (?) and Paleocene cordova "&'JXY`{|ȂɂĂłǂȂ˂̂͂#CNijlopqstuyelias6WcWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWW'WzW{WWWWWWWWWW2W6W7WBWkWWBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW8W=W>WbWhWkWnWxW}W~WWWWWWWgulkana*1:;ABGPQRSZ[ehjntu}ʂ؂قڂۂ悆炆ꂆ낆킆  $%&()*,/4569:;AGHIJKYZ[\]^_`dgopςЂ.23UWh rocksWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W WWWWWWWW W#W'W*W+W1W3W5W6W7W8W:W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWEWFWJWKWNWXWcWdWfWhWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWWWW"W%W&W'W(W+W,W-W5W7W9W:W;WTWUWWW^W_WgWxWyW}WWWWWrocksconsistofthin-beddedlimestoneshadesofgrayfine-gVrodingite*WrohnW MˆpˆqAKvvsB9Valdez Group: Interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocksCLate CretaceousAVALDEZ GROUP: This unit is composed of approximately equal amounts of interbedded volcanic rocks, consisting of volcanic breccia, tuff, tuffaceous sediment, and minor pillow basalt, and sedimentary rocks, consisting of sandstone, siltstone, shale, and chert. The two exposures of the unit differ in character. In the Cordova quadrangle the unit tends to weather orange and includes more sedimentary rocks (including marble) than on the Resurrection Peninsula. Near the head of Port Fidalgo BBthis unit has been metamorphosed to amphibote-bearing greenschist.0F@K-Ar date on amphibote-bearing greenschist of 47.6 + or - 1.4 MaGCV002H554ICordovaJIgneousK2702ˆrAKvvB-Valdez Group -- Metavolcanic rocks, undividedCLate Cretaceoush ‡AORCA GROUP: Ranges from matrix-supported pebbly mudstone and sandstone to massive clast-supported pebble, cobble, and boulder conglomerate. The generally well-rounded clasts consist of various lithologies that have locally predominant types as follows: greenstone, sandstone, argillite, and limestone; felsic porphyry and tuff, granite, and sandstone; felsic tuff and porphyry; white quartz, felsic porphyry, and argillite; sandstone and siltstone. The conglomerates usually occur as lensesB 300-700 ft thick within flyschoid rocks. The matrix-supported conglomerates and pebbly mudstones may have been formed by sub-marine landslides on unstable slopes.E;Crab: Branchioplax washingtoniana Pelecypod: Acila decisaGVA003H6270IValdezJ SedimentaryK952v columnar WWWW8W9W;W<W?WiWxWWWWWcolumnar-jointed WWcommon.WaW8W[WWWWTWXWiWyWWWWWWcommonlyBWWWWWWWWWWWd††AQcrB(Copper River deposits, undifferentiated CQuaternary, PleistoceneAHInterbedded glaciolacustrine, glacial, and alluvial deposits including those of glacial Lake Atna at the surface. Chiefly clayey to pebbly silt and diamicton, with many local to regional beds of gravel and sand. Locally overlain by fine-grained alluvium and pond deposits (map unit Qfl) in areas too small to show separately HGNB007H705INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK124N1240†AQlgB4Deposits of the Copper River Basin, undifferentiatedC PleistoceneA_Chiefly diamicton interbedded with stratified lacustrine sediments. The diamicton interbedded in the lake sediments ranges from non-sorted till to deposits of poorly sorted material that exhibits graded bedding. The lake sediments, consisting of sand, silt, and clay, locally contain ice-rafted dropstones. Diamiction, gravel, sand, silt, and clay. _GVA007H23IValdezJUnconsolidatedK124N1240†AQmBMorainesC Quaternary†\AaUndifferentiated colluvium on valley walls and hill slopes. Chiefly talus and other slope debris but includes alluvium of numerous minor streams and locally, glacial, rock glacier, and other mass-wasting deposits. Chiefly rubble, gravel, sand, and silt; usually poorly sorted. May overlie and include extensive glacial deposits (Qwg) in broad valleysaGNB109H304INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK107N1070RclasticWWW6W7W|WWWWWWWWW Wclasts6WiWWWWWWWWWWWWWW-W4W6WWW W4W=W_Wclasts-presumablyWWclaywWxWyWzW}W~WWWWWiWtWyW}W~WWJWWclay-pebbleOWclayeyWWWclayey-siltKWclaystoneWWWWWWWWWW/Wcleavage8Wcliff-headWcliffsWclimaxZWclinopyroxeneWWeWfWwWWWWWWWW]WWWWW@Wclinopyroxene-hornbl]WWWWclinopyroxene-hornblgabbroanddiabaseandgabbronoritedikVclinopyroxene-hornblstocksandplugsVclinopyroxeniteMWWcloseWcloserWclotsWcmW-WWWW5Wco2Wco2-chargedKWcoalWWWWWWWW_ashWWWWWW'W(W2WfWash-flowWash-richWassemblage<WWWWWWWWW[WxWassemblagesgWWWWWWWWassocWassociatedWWWWW,WFWZW]WuWWWWWWWbWWWWW%WgWWWassociatedwithhigherlakelevelsduringthealaskanglaciaVassociationW%Wassumed WasymmetricWatVWWWWWWWW)WlWWWWWWWWWWWW4WCWNWWserpentinizedperidotitelherzoliteandduniteVserpentizedCWNWWserpentizedpyroxeniteoccurswithinmaficplutoniccomplexVsetsWsetting}WseveralWWW#W)WsevereWshades(WWWW WshalemWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW+W,W0W1W4W5W8WpWqWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W"W{WrnizinaWWWWWW\W}WnizinalimestoneVnizinalimestonemarbleVnonmarine.Wnonmarinesedimentaryrockswrangelliaterrane.VnothWkWnotmappedhVkVnovatakWWnow;WSWinWnutzotinmountainsequenceVofWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW(W9W:WYWqWrWWWWWWRW{WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW$W0WRWoffshoreWoilyWoldBWnWoWvWoldalluvialdepositsnVoVoldalluvialdepositsalluviuminfansBVolderkWlWmWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWjWnWWWWW&WfphaseAWoWWWWWWW WJWKW>WYWjWvWzWphasesBWnWWWWWWWWWphenocryst8WphenocrystsWWWW W W WWWWWWW1W2W4W6W:W;W>WAWVWWWXWZW[W\W]W^W_WeWfWuWwW{W}WWWWWWWWWWW&WAWKWW@Wphl Wphotographs.WphyllitefWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWW0W4W<W=W>W?WyWWphyllite-greenstonexWphyllitichW%WWpossiblyWWpre-wisconsinSWWWpre-wrangelljWpredominantly W!W"W#WPWqWrWsWtWuWvWpredominantlyalluviumdepositedbynonglacialstreamsando V!V"V#VpredominantlycolluviumbutincludesalargepercentageofaPVpresentWWWWWWWWWpresent-dayBWpresently Wpresumed W;riverQWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWOWrockWWWWWWWWWWWWQWrockglacierdepositVrockglacierdepositsVVVVVVVVQVrockglaciersVVVrockerWrockercreekvolcanicandvolcaniclasticrocksundifferentiaVrocksWWWjWpWwWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WW#W'W+W,W-W.W1W3W7W8W9WCWDWMWNW`WeWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W=W>W@WXWZW_WqWrWsWtWuWvWwWW_cretaceouslate-early-albiancenomanianturonianandearlyc0VcretacousWdevonian./0W1W2W3W4:W;W<=W>W?@WBWdevonianandolder2V3V:V;V=V>V@VBVdevonianandolderpaleozoic0VearlyWWWW0W1W3W4W5W6W8W9W:W<W=W>W?W@WBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W WWW!W"W$W%W&W(W1WAWWWXWZWgWwW{WWWWWearlyandlatecretaceouswVearlycretaceous1V3V6V8V9V?V@VBVearlycretaceousalbian4Vearlycretaceousandjurassic<VearlycretaceousandlatejurassicVVearlycretaceousandlatejurassicberriasianandthithonianVWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW|cgradesWWoWsWWWWWW&WgradingW Wgrained1WWW6W[WuWWWWW#W5WOWWWbWhWWWWWWW W3WgrainsLWgrainstone:WW WgraniteWWW WWWWWWWWWW"W$WWWWWWWWWWWWWYWjWzWgraniteandsyenitemediumtocoarse-grainedandschistosesVVrocksbiotiteandbiotite-hornblendegranodioriteVgranoblastic|WWWWWgranodiorite W W W WWWWWWWWWWW W(WDWFWGWHWIWJWOWPWSWTWUWVWWWZW\W`WdWWWWWWWWWWWgranodioriteplutonVgranodioriteplutonwrangelliaterraneUVgranodiorite-dioriteDWgrantz8WgranularWW WWOWXWWWgranule+W8WWWWWW?barremian5W:WberriasianWWcallovian7Wf8‡DBasaltic pyroclastic and flow rocks including minor pillowed flows; locally interbedded with marine sedimentary rocks, including tuffaceous or glauconitic strata, probably genetically related to mafic dikes, sills, and plugs of the mafic plugs unit (Tm).F-K/Ar date on whole rock of 31.2 + or - 1.3 MaGCV002H320ICordovaJIgneousK1080‡ATpvB1Poul Creek Formation -- Volcanic rocks, undividedCMiocene, Oligocene, and EoceneDBasaltic pyroclastic and flow rocks including minor pillowed flows; locally interbedded with marine sedimentary rocks, including tuffaceous or glauconitic strata, probably genetically related to mafic dikes, sills, and plugs of the mafic plugs unit (Tm)F-K/Ar date on whole rock of 31.2 + or - 1.3 MaGCV002H320ICordovaJIgneousK1080‡ATmBMafic dikes, sills, and plugsC OligoceneV†JUnconsolidatedK126N1260†AQrBRock glacier depositsCHoloceneDcTallis and deposits from recently active, and recently active, rock glaciers. Rubble and diamictonGNB002H107INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgB Rock glaciersCHoloceneDHUnweathered, poorly sorted, pebble- to boulder sized rock debris and iceGBG002H112IBering GlacierJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock glacier depositsCHoloceneDkDeposits of active rock glaciers exhibiting well-defined lobate form. Chiefly angular blocks and diamictonGMC003H205IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock glacier depositC QuaternaryDRock glacier depositGMC004H407IMcCarthyJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock glacier depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneDhDeposits in bith active rock glaciers and inactive rock glaciers. Chiefly angular blocks and diamicton.GNB008H804INabesnaJUnconsolidatedK127N1270†AQrgBRock glacier depositsCHoloceneYbdrumSWnWWWW'W)WYWZWKWeWfWnWoWWdrum'sfWandremnantsanddunedepositssandandsiltVdunes W!W"W#WWWWWWWduneswellsortedfinegrainedsandandsiltalignedinlongVduringWWWWe WWearth-debrishWiWearthslideseWeasilySWeastWWWelevationWWWWelevationsWelongateUWWWembaymentsWWendWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWendlateralandgroundmoraineandkamesandoutwashproximaVVendlateralandgroundmoraineofthealaskanglaciationswhVendlateralandgroundmoraineofwisconsinandolderglaciaVVeolianWepisodeWequivalentWWerodedWeruptedWeruptiveWWWescarpmentaWeskerWWeskersWWespeciallyWexhibitWexhibitingWWWWW6WOatransgressivemarinesequenceconsistspredominantlyofcoVVVavarietyofmediumtothickandesiteflowsapparentlyfromVaverythicksequenceofmarinesiltstoneclaystoneandsand/Vavolcanicpebbleconglomerateandcoarsevolcanicgraywacke(Vavolcanoclasticsmemberwhichgradesfromcoarsevolcanicb&VavoluminousundifferentiatedtholeiiticbasaltthatattainsVa-1WXWa-5W WWaaWWWW~WablationWWablationandtermianlmorainesdirectlyrelatedtoexistingVaboutSWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW=WW%WaboveSWabruptly#WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW3WKWdWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWacceleratedWaccessiblehWaccessoriesWaccessoryWWaccreted=Ww emplacedW WCWNWWenclosedWWWWYWjWzWenclosingWendWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWbWWendlateralandgroundmoraineandkamesandoutwashproximaVVendlateralandgroundmoraineofthealaskanglaciationswhVendlateralandgroundmoraineofwisconsinandolderglaciaVVendogenousWWenrichedWenstatiteWWenvironment{W}Wenvironments:WˆALarger greenstone masses within the melange facies of the Yakutat Group, generally massive and structureless but locally with faint pillow forms and agglomeratic texture. Commonly with epidote-rich pods and stringers and cut by diorite dikes. Associated with limestone and marble and pods of radiolarian ribbon chert. Marble may be Late Triassic age based on poorly preserved fossles near Russell Fiord. Interpreted as allochthonous blocks in the melange.GYA002H55IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2953pennsylvanianWWW"W$W%W&W'W(W)*W+,W-W6W7W8W9WgWWWWWpennsylvanianandolderV6V7V8V9Vpennsylvanianandpermian'VˆˆAKyxBYakutat Group -- melange faciesCCretaceous and Jurassic(?)AYakutat Group is a heterogeneous assemblage including clastic sedimentary rocks, altered volcanic rocks, chert, carbonate, and granitic rocks. Two major subdivisions that are commonly structurally juxtaposed, a flysch facies and a melange facies. Melange facies is characteristically composed of blocks of competetn rocks of heterogeneous lithology as mush as several kilometers in size enclosed in a pervasively sheared matrix of drak-gray to black pelite, cherty pelite or tuffaceous pellitBxe. Melange blocks are predominatly greenstone, oolitic limestone,marble, granitic plutonic rocks, chert, and graywacke.fGYA002H49IYakutatJ TectoniteK2950ˆAsB SandstoneC Age not given}emetamorphosedpeliticandcalc-schistmetamorphiccomplexofVmetamorphosedskolaigroupVmetaplutonicWWmetasedimentaryeWiWnWoWWWW3W7W9W:W=W>W@Wmetasedimentaryandmeta-igneousrocks3V=V>V@VmetasiltiteBWmetavolcanicnWoWrWsWWWWW5W6W7W8W9W:W;WmicaAWmigmatite~WWfossilleavesfromfrederikaformationindicateamioceneagmVfossilsWWWW+W.W1W7W:WWWW$W{W|Wfossilslocallyabundant{V|Vfound3WWWfragmentedWfragments-W3W W"Wfragmentsoflignitizedwoodupto30cmlonglocallyabunda-VfrederikamWfrommW+W5W<WWWWWfusilinid WgWWWWWWWgastropodsWWW Wgenus4WWWgeometricaWWWglobigerinaWWWglobogerinaWWWWgloborotaliaWWWWWWWguadalupian WhalobiaWhastataWWWhauterivian1W5Whautervian:WhettangianWWCY^‰tJIgneousK1040‰uATwB-Lava flows and lahars -- Older volcanic rocksCMiocene or OligoceneDLBasaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite lava flows; andesitic lahar depositsGMC006H436IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‰vATgB-Granodiorite -- Hypabyssal and plutonic rocksC,Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene, or OligoceneDwPlutonic phase of the Wrangell Lava exposed mainly at Hawkins Glacier head, marginal to Mount Blackburn volcano calderaGMC006H435IMcCarthyJIgneousK1250‰wAKuB.Marine sedimentary rocks -- Wrangellia terraneCEarly and Late CretaceousDSandstone and siltstone deposited at shallow to moderate depths; locally abundant marine fossils. Includes the MacColl Ridge, Chititu, Schulze, and Moonshine Creek FormationsGMC006H438IMcCarthyJ SedimentaryK1940‰xAKJmBMlange units -- Valdez GroupC.mid-Cretaceous, Jurassic(?), and Late Triassic%dark-gray-weathering9Wdark-greenW>WtWuWvWdark-greenish{WWdark-greenishblackfine-grainedpartiallysegregatedamphib{VVdark-greenish-blackWdark-greenish-grayW/W?Wdark-greenish-grayfinetocoarse-grainedaugiteandhornble/V-red W WW}WdarkerWWWWdebrisHWJWSWTW\W_W`WaWdWeWfWhWiWWWWWWWWW W#W$W%W(W+W0W<WW*W,Wdebrisderivedfromcollapseofadomeonsanfordvolcanofl VdeepWdeep-sea/Wdeeply^Wdefined?WEWWW~W=WWdeformationrWWdeformedWWWWWWWWWWWWWW<WdWjWkWlWmWWW$W%WdeleteddWdelineatedWdelta W!W"W#WdeltaicWdense WWW1W2W=WWWWWWWWWWWWWwellWWWWW*W:WWHWIWaWcWWWWWWwelldefinedlateralmoraineshighonthevalleywallsofthVaVcVwell-bedded+WW_Wwell-definedWWWWWWQWwell-definedlateralmorainesofthelatewisconsinagechieVwell-definedlobateformsthatmayincludeglaciericecoresQVwell-definedoutwashfanchieflygravelandsandVwell-developedWWWWWwell-foliatedWwell-foliatedmultiply-deformedgreenschistandtransitionalVwell-formed<Wwell-induratedWWWWWwell-induratedmassivetoverythick-beddedcobbleandpebblVwell-roundedWWWW<calciteXWWWWWWWWWWWW W W%Wcalcite-richWcalderaWWWWvWcalderalavasVcampbell8WcanWWW#WcanadaW8WWcanyonWcapeWWWcapitalWKWcappedWcappingjWcapsWcarapaceWcarbonaceousWWWWWWWWW3W8WhWWWWWWWWWWWyWcarbonateWW&W=WWWWWWWW6W8Wcarbonates WcarboniferousWredcinderconeanddarkbasaltflowflowcontainsalignedmVredtoblackcinderconeslessthan500mindiameterusuall.Vreddish:WWWWWWWW|WWWWWreddishoxidizedcinderandscoriawestofsonyacreekunitVreddishweatheringdoublyfoliatedquartzofeldspathicschistVreddishweatheringvariblybandedstronglyschistosetogran|VVViksourcedeWnWoWsources W7W8W~WsouthaWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWsouth-centralWsouth-dippingWWwrangelllavarhyolitecinderconeandnueeardentedeposits2VwrangelllavarhyolitedomeVwrangelllavarhyolitedomesVwrangelllavarhyoliteflowVwrangelllavarhyoliteflowsanddomesVwrangelllavathinbasaltandbasalticandesiteflowsVwrangelllavaundifferentiatedflowstuffsandbreccias~Vwrangelllavavolcanicgravel+VwrangelllavayoungerpartVwrangellvolcanocinderconeVwrangellvolcanoeastcraterdepositsVwrangellvolcanoolivinebasaltflowandbrecciaVwrangellvolcanoshieldlavas Vwrangellvolcanotwo-pyroxenehigh-silicaandesiteflowsVwrangelliaWW.WWWWWwWyakatagaWWWWyakatagaformationVVVVyakutatWWWWWWyakutatgroupflyschfaciesVVVVyakutatgroupmelangefaciesVVyoung1WAWWyoungalluvialdepositsalluvium1VyoungalluvialdepositsalluviuminfansAVDˆ~AYAmphibolite-facies schist, banded gneiss, and migmatitic gneiss. Fine- to coarse-grained but mostly medium- to coarse-grained. Gray to light gray, and characteristically weathers rusty brown. Layering is irregular and inhomogeneous with discontinuous quartz-rich layers and lenses alternating with finer-grained, streaky, biotite -rich layers.YGBG002H144IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2715@[valley-fillOWvalleysHW\WeWvapor-phase>WvariableWWWWWWWWWWW#WoWsWvariableproportionsofinterbeddedtholeiiticbasaltandtuVvariableproportionsofinterbeddedtholeiiticbasalttovanVvariablyWiWvariantWvariantsWvaribly|WWWvariedeWnWoWvariegatedWWWW WvariesWWWWWWWvarietiesW\WvarietyW%WWW~WWvarigated'WvariousRWTWnWWWWvaryWW#W%WvegetationpWWveinedWveinletsWWWWWveinsXWveneerBWveneersWventWWvents Wverigated:WverticalxWWveryWWWWWWWWW/W5W8WhWxWWWW|0ˆADiverse Upper Paleozoic volcanic, volcaniclastic, and marine sedimentary rocks. Unit consists largely of two lithologies, map unit Pzs is dark, greenish-gray poorly bedded greenstone, characterized by prehnite-pumpellyite mineral assemblages, locally retaining relict pillows and map unit Pzm is subordinate light- or medium-gray and buff calcareous rocks, mostly recrystallized to marble but containing scanty fragments of fossils, interbedded with minor dark-gray calcareous siltstone and shBale.GVA002H5631IValdezJ MetamorphicK5325IY‡AORCA GROUP: Unit consists of locally variable amounts of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. In some cases unit is marginal to thicker sequences composed of pillowed and massive basalt flows. The lithologies are quite variable throughout the study area. In Ragged mountains volcaniclastic and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks are abundant, and pillow basalt is rare. These rocks are typically metamorphosed to zeolite or prehnite-pumpellyite facies and on Knight Island they have been converted toB] a hard hornfels by the abundant sills(?). Interbedded sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocksKEForaminifers: Globigerina or Subbotina; Globigerina sp. (?) Globorotalia sp.; Globigerina cf. G. senni, Globorotalia sp., ?Eoconuloides parvulus, Globigerina sp. (high spired), Globigerina sp. (hispid)GCV002H332ICordovaJ SedimentaryK951MHFS|<poyphyriticKWppamWppasWppascWppasmWYWjWzWppassgWWppatgWWWpptWWpre-wisconsinSWWWpre-wrangelljWpredominancetWWWpredominantWWWpredominantly W!W"W#WPWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWWW)W-W4WWWWWW W%WHWIWWWWWpredominantlyalluviumdepositedbynonglacialstreamsando V!V"V#VpredominantlycolluviumbutincludesalargepercentageofaPVpredominantlyconglomerategritandcoarsesandstoneconglom-VpredominantlymassiveporphyriticmaficflowrocksinterbeddVpredominantlymetasedimentaryrockswithwell-developedgneiVpeliticandquartzofeldspathicschistandgneisswithabundaVpelliteWWpeninsulamWCWNWpWqWpennsylvanianWW,WWperWWWW"WpercentWWWWWWWWWhWWWWW%WpercentagePWperchedWperhapsxWYWjWzWperidotite#WCWNWWXWZWperiglacialWperiodotiteMWperipheral>Wpermian&WWpersistWpervasive;WSWpervasively<W=WLWWWW^Wpervasivelydeformedassemblageofdiverselithologiesmelan<VpetrographyWWWWpetroleumWWWph WphacoidsWbright-redvWbroad@W\WWW WWcWTWbroadbeltofatleasteightcoalescedendogenousandexogenVbroadirregular-toppedpilesofmassivecolumnar-jointedlav VbroadlyWWbrokenWWW=WWbroken-pillow(W)WbrownWW:WzWWWWWWW3W4W~WWWWWWWWW WBWbrown-coloredWWbrown-grayWbrown-weatheringWWWWbrownishW4Wbrownish-grayW4Wbrownish-weathering3WbuffWW(W2WYW^WWWWWW"W<Wbufftolightgrayair-fallandnueeardentedepositslocallVbuff-colored6WhofailureRW_W`WfaintWfairly4W5WfairweatherWfanW/Wfans(W,W-W7W8W9W:W;W=W>W?W@WAWBWDWEWKWOWRWkWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWEWHWIW`WWWWWWfar8WfaultWWWWWW#WYWjWzWWfault-boundedWWWWWWWWWWWfaultedWW^WfaultsWfeatures W!W"W#WTWWsWWWW;WWSW_WfeederWfeedersWfeldsparWW(WXWjWkWlWmWW@WtomWpWqWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W WWWWWWWW W!W"W$W%W&W(W)W*W+W,W-W.W/W0W1W2W4W5W:W;W<W>WOWRWUWVWYW\W]W^WgWjWvWwWyWzW|W}W~WWWWWWW8‡B(Wrangell Lava - Rhyolite Flows and DomesC:Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and older?DExtensive flows and domes of gray to pinkish-gray devitrified rhyolite with black porphyritic glassy base. Devitrified rock contains sparse phenocrysts. Glassy base contains abundant plagioclaseF:K-Ar date on plagioclase indicates age of 2.85 +/- 0.05 myGNB109H334INabesnaJIgneousK465N4650‡AQTwrBAOlder volcanic and sedimentary rocks - Domes and intrusive rocks C;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDChiefly dacite and rhyoliteGNB007H723INabesnaJIgneousK465N4650‡ATsBSedimentary rocksCCenozoicDSedimentary rocksGGU002H135IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK500‡AQTyBYakataga FormationCPleistocene to Miocene8\y‡‡AQTyBYakataga FormationCPleistocene to MioceneDConsists of diverse marine and glaciomarine clastic rocks. Interbedded gray to dark-gray and greenish-gray siltstone, mudstone, and sandstone predominate in lower third of formation. Till-like diamictite dominant rock type in upper part of formation.GCV003H215ICordovaJ SedimentaryK565‡AQTyBYakataga FormationC$Pleistocene(?), Pliocene and MioceneDMore than 4,000 m of gray to dark-gray siltstone and mudstone, interbedded with massive subquartzose sandstone, diamictite (conglomeratic sandy mudstone or tillite), and conglomerate. Sandstone less than 25 to 30 percent of surface sections. EyContains a moderately abundant molluscan megafauna and foraminiferal microfauna. Also rare fossil leaves and vetebrates.GMS002H27IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK565‡AQTyBYakataga FormationCPleistocene to Miocene!withineWWWWWWWWW*WCWNWdWWWWWWWW#W%WUWYWjWzWWwithingWwollastonWwoodworthtWuWvWwouldW^W9\hsandstonesWWWWjWkWlWmWWsandyW:WsanfordWWWW W$W%WLWeWnWoWsanstoneWsatellitemWsatellitesOWsaussuritizationXWscaleWWWWWscalesW^WscantyW"WscarceWscatteredWWW8Wschist*WfWgWhWtWuWvWwWyWzW{W|W}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWWW%W0W1W4W7W9W:W<W=WAWVW^WWschistocityWWWsectionWWsectionsWWWWWWWsectorWsedimentWWpWqWsediment-gravityWsedimentaryWlWmWoWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW*W9WCWNWXWcWdWiWjWkWlWmWpWqW|WWW$ medium-grayWWW"W\Wmedium-lightxWmedium-sizeWmeduim4W9WWmegablocks#WdWmelange<WLWWWWWWWWWWmelange-like=W>WxWmelt Wmelt-waterWWmeltwaterW W!W"W#W+WmemberWWWWWW&WWmendenhallWmentionedWWWWmergeddWUWmertieWmesaWmeshikWmesozoic WmetaW^Wmeta-andesiteWWWWWmeta-gabbroWmeta-greenstonesWmeta-hornblende5Wmeta-limestoneWW^Wmeta-siltstoneBWmetaandesite)W5Wmetabasalt>WsW)WWmetachert>WWWWW^WmetaclasticWWmetaconglomerate4Wmetagranite$WsWtWuWvWxWW0W4W:W;WCWaWlWwWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWcmiddlepaleozoicandolderpennsylvanianVVmiddlepennsylvanianVmiddletriassicVmiocene+WiWjWtWuWvWxWyWzWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W WWqWrWsWtWuWvWmioceneandoligocene V VVmioceneoligoceneandeoceneVVVVVVmioceneoroligocenesVtVuVmiocenetoeoceneVVmississippianWmississppian5Wmississppiantoordovician5Vneocomian5W:W$mediumgrainedbiotite-hornblendegranodioritewithhypidiomWVmediumgrainedhypidiomorphicgranularunfoliatedhornblendeOVmediumgrayplagioclase-richandesiteporphyrycontainingpheVmediumgrayslightlytomoderatelyporphyriticandesiteflowVmediumtocoarse-grainedleucocraticbiotitequartzmonzonit!Vmediumtocoarse-grainedsubophitiicgabbroVmediumtomedium-lightgrayveryfinetomedium-grainedschixVmediumtothickaugite-hypersthene-oandesiteflowsfromloc7VmediumtothickbeddedlimemudstonedarkgreenishgrayfineVmedium-bedded?WgWWWmedium-gradeW^W!owisconisinWwisconsinWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWbWwisconsinglaciationandolderendlateralandgroundmorainbVwithSWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W WWWW W'W+W0W4W6W8W:W;W<W>WAWWWZW[W\W]W^W_WaWiWmWtWuWwWxWzW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W#W&W(W+W/W0W1W3W8W:W>WFWHWKWMWOWSWTWWWXWYWaWbWdWhWjWkWlWˆˆAsqmB@Schistose quartz monzonite; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Jurassic or olderDSchistose quartz monzoniteGGU002H160IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5245ˆAsqdB>Schistose quartz diorite; Metamorphic Complex of Gulkana RiverCLate Jurassic or olderDSchistose quartz dioriteGGU002H161IGulkanaJ MetamorphicK5245ˆAsgdBWXWrWtWuWvWWWWWWWWWW?W@WgreywackexWgrit-W3W@WW WgrooveWWWWground W!W"W#WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWRWbWWgroundmorainechieflydiamictonVT  [ $,.YesNo/,  , : AM PMA*x  x* *{ {* *k k* *[ [* *K   K*   O&accretionalyWaccretionaryWWaccumulationsWacrossWWWactinoliteWWW@Wactive(W,W-W.W/W0W1W2W3W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W@WAWWWWWWWWWWWCWDWWactivealluviuminlargerstreamsandfans-VactiveandrecentlyactiverockglacierschieflyrubbleandVactivecliff-headdunedepositsVactivefloodplainsandlowerterracesoflargerstreamschi2VactivelyCWTWactivityWYW?ˆfGMS002H49IMount Saint EliasJ TectoniteK2950JalleWWW]WiWWWWWjWkWlWmWWW,W0W^WallochthonousWWallotriomorphicWalluvial$W(W*W7W8W9W:W;W=W?WBWEWHWRWWWlWqWrWsWtWuWvWWWWWWWHWIWOWWWWWWWalluvialdeposits*Valluvialfansandconeschieflybouldersgravelandsandonl?ValluvialfansandconesonlylargerbetterdefinedconesdifEValluviumWW W!W"W#W%W(W)W-W/W0W1W9W:W;W<W=WAWBWKWOWPW\WkWnWsWtWuWvWWCWDWEWOW`Walluviuminactivestreambedandlowestterracesalonglarge9V:V;V=V EˆˆATrcmBChitistone Limestone - MarbleCLate Triassic, KarnianAOSmall masses of marble and skarn near the granodiorite of the Chitina Valley batholith. Locally banded, the marble is fine to medium grained granoblastic calcite. The skarn consists mainly of diopside and has local pods and disseminations of pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, and minor chalcopyrite near the marble-granodiorite contactsOGMC100H119IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK4030MHFSˆATrcnB Chitistone and Nizina LimestonesC Late TriassicDZChiefly limestone and dolostone; minor chert and marble. Both units locally fossiliferousE+Abundant algal-mat chips and stromatolites,GBG004H325IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK4030ˆATrcBConglomerate and shaleCMiddle TriassicDqIntermixed conglomerate and carbonaceous shale and argillite. Conglomerate contains subangular to rounded clastsE;Shale beds contain abundant Daonella of Middle Triassic ageGNB108H543INabesnaJ SedimentaryK4130ˆATrgBGabbro=iGsmallstockschieflyofhornblendedioritehornblendelargel_VˆˆATgBGranitoid rocksCEoceneDGranitoid rocks-- Biotite and biotite-hornblende granodiorite, granite, and minor tonalite; generally medium grained, hypidiomorphic, and equigranular; foliated in many places, especially near contacts with country rocks.FK-Ar ages from 50.5 to 53.5 MaGCV003H205ICordovaJIgneousK1300ˆATggBGranite and granodioriteCEoceneAGenerally medium- and medium- to coarse-grained hypidiomorphic-granular biotite granite with border phases of biotite + or - hornblende granite to granodiorite and tonalite. Plutons of this unit are generally medium- and medium- to coarse-grained hypidiomorphic-granular biotite granite with border phases of biotite + or - hornblende granite to granodiorite and tonalite. The mafic mineral content varies with composition such that the color index of the granite ranges from 5 to 10; the graB^nodiorite color index ranges from 10 to 20; and the tonalite color index ranges from 15 to 35.L great@greenschisttoamphibolite-faciesmetamorphicrocksmainlys@groundmoraineofmainphaseofwisconisinglaciationdiamic@gulf@has@Ahigh-level@)ho-humdomecomplexdaciteshallowintrusion@hornblendegranodioritewithgraphicquartzandpotassiumfe@Shummockylobatemassesconsistingofdisarrayedangularand@impure@in@(rjinpondsswampslagoonsandalonglow-gradientstreamschief@includes@includesalluviuminactivefloodplainsandinprincipalte@`including@ indicated@ainterbeddedglaciolacustrineglacialandalluvialdepositsi@intercalated@intertongues@intervals@-is@dits@lava@lavaflowspyroclasticdepositsandbrecciasundifferentiate@lavender@W?W{W}WWWWWWWWWWWWW7W8WXWjWkWlWmWWWWWWWW5W^W~WWWWWW#W6W@WVWWWXWeWfWWWWWWWWWWW3W=WAWXWWWWWWWWWWcontainsWW\WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW2typicallyfinetomedium-grainedsemigranoblasticquartzofelVVultramaficW#W*WCWNWWWWWXWZWWuncertainWunconformablyWunconformity/W0Wunconsolidated4WQWTWpW+W2Wunconsolidateddetrituschieflysiltsandandgravelthatge4Vunconsolidatedtopoorlyconsolidatedtotallyunsorteddiami+VunderWWWWWunderlainRWWCWNW$darkWWWW WWWW1W4W6W7W:W;WUW[W]WaWhWzW{WWWWWWWWWWWW4W5W8WCWNWcWhWWWWWWWWWWW)W4W6W8WTWdarkaphaniticlavaflowsandinterlayeredlapillituffsthaVdarkbasalttoandesitelavaflowsandminorinterlayeredmuVdarkgenerallyaphaniticdenseandesiteandbasaltrockmassVdarkgrayslightlyporphyriticbasalticandesiteflowscontaVtoverydarkgrayshalelocallyconcretio8VdarkshalyargilliteinpoorlydefinedbedswithabundantthVdarkvolcanicbrecciasandagglomeratesallgenerallyweldedVdark-brownWWWWWdark-colored^WaWdark-grayW WWWW>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"WtraceWtraced#WtracesWVWwWtrachyticwWtransgressiveWWW4W:WtransistionalcWTWtransition}WtransitionalWWWyWWWtransportedCWTWtraveled WtrenchesWWtrendWWtrendingPWtriassic*W<WWWWWWWWWW WW WWW^WxWtributariesZW[W]WFWtrlWtrmlXWtrnXWtrondhjemiteWWTWaWbWtrondjhemitedWWUWtrrWtrtlXWtrubid6WtsbWWtsfWtslWtuffWWWWW6WmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW=W@WpWqWWWWW5W[WxWyWtuffaceousWWWWWWWWW=W@WpWqWWWWWtuffaceoussedimentaryrocksvolcaniclasticsandstoneandmiVWunderlainRWW_ andWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W W W WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW W"W#W$W&W(W)W*W+W,W-W.W/W0W1W3W4W5W6W7W8W9W:W;W<W=W>W?W@WAWBWCWDWHWJWKWLWMWNWOWSWTWVWXWZW\W]W`WaWbWcWdWeWfWgWhWiWjWkWlWmWnWoWpWqWrWsWtWuWvWwWxWyWzW|W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWwXeruptedWeruptionfWeruptiveWWWMWYWZWtW~WW!latecretaceousmid-coniaciantomaestrichtian/VlatejurassicVVVVVVVYVjVzVlatejurassicandpennsylvanianorolderVlatejurassicorolderVVVVVVVlatemiddletriassicandearlylatetriassickarnianandladVVlateormiddlejurassictolatetriassicVlatepaleozoicVVVVlatepaleozoicmiddlepennsylvaniantoearlypermianV"VlatepaleozoicorolderVVVVVVlatepaleozoicpermiantopennsylvanianVlatepleistoceneVlatetertiaryplioceneVlatetriassicVVVVVVVVVVV|V}VlatetriassickarnianVVlatetriassickarnianandnorianV\VlatetriassicnorianandkarnianVVWWWWWWWWW W WWmioceneandoligocene V VVmioceneoligoceneandeoceneVVVVVVmiocenetoeoceneVVneocomian5W:W6l UminorWWW W+W1W>WAWHWSWXWgWhWoWpWqWrWxWyWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW&W0W5W6W8WAWCWDWHWIW\WyW}WWWWWWmississippianW‡AMarine siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate. The sandstone member consists of about two-thirds thick-bedded sandstone and one-third silty sandstone and siltstone. The characteristic conglomeratic beds show complete gradation from coarse, clast-supported conglomerate to matrix-supported conglomeratic mudstone and sandstone in which coarse clasts are suspended in the matrix. The siltstone, mudstone, and claystone are similar in appearance to parts of the underlying Poul Creek Formation,Bx but they contain few or no concretions, no glauconitic or volcanic beds, and are sandier and more resistant to erosion.fEmollusks, and foraminiferaGCV002H230ICordovaJ SedimentaryK675r‰(DA volcanic pebble conglomerate and coarse volcanic graywacke with subordinate intercalated broken-pillow breccia and volcanic flows. Mainly greenish-gray, the rocks are generally metamorphosed to greenschistGMC100H124IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK6120‰)APasmvB.Station Creek Formation - Volcanic flow memberC PennsylvanianDDark greenish-gray metaandesite or metabasalt flows and some compositionally similar broken-pillow lavas metamorphosed to greenschist. Pillow structures are preserved in several flows. The unit is locally cut by gabbro dikes.GMC100H125IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK6120‰*APPtBTetelna VolcanicsCPermian and PennsylvanianA;Volcanic flows of porphyritic andesite, volcanic mud and debris avalances, lapilli-pumice tuffs, and fine- to coarse-grained volcaniclastics ranging from mudstone to conglomerate, and volcanic-rich limestone. Areas of contact metamorphism creating foliated hornblende diorite and quartz monzonite, and amphibolite.;W‡‡ATpBPoul Creek FormationCMiocene to EoceneDShale and minor sandstone that is, in part, glauconitic, rich in organic material, and intercalated with intrabasinal, water-laid alkalic basaltic tuff, breccia, and pillow lava.GBG002H133IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK680‡ATpsBSedimentary rocks, undividedC$Tertiary, Oligocene and early EoceneA"Concretionary, pyritic, glauconitic, reddish weathering, dark-gray to greenish-gray siltstone, claystone, and sandstone; subordinate dark-brown, laminated shale that is rich in organic material, silty shale, and gray calcareous sandstone; locally includes thin interbeds of basaltic tuff. "E4Contains an abundant marine megafauna and microfaunaGBG002H134IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK680‡ATpsB2Poul Creek Formation: Sedimentary rocks, undividedCMiocene, Oligocene, and EoceneI5maficdikessillsandplugsVmaficplugsVVmaficplutoniccomplexVmainWWmankomenW Wmankomengroup VmankomengroupundividedVmapcWfWTWmappedhWkWmarbleWW W"W#W$W%W2Wmarbleofthemetamorphosedskolaigroup$VmarineW7W9WWWWWWWwWmarineclasticandcarbonaterocksundividedV!6ˆC=Early Cretaceous and Late Jurassic, Berriasian and ThithonianAPoorly foliated, fine to medium-grained hypidiomorphic-granular granodiorite with subordinate granitic and dioritic phases. Rocks cut locally by Tertiary hypabyssal rocks. Sporadic vienlets consist of quartz or calcite, prehnite, and rare stilbite. The hydrothermally altered zones are characterized by seicite, pyrite, and rare coppers. Dikes are porphyritic. The batholith is synchronous with early stages of a regionally extensive orogenyFK-Ar dates (on hornblende) in granodiorites yielded the following ages: 134 +/- 7, 142 +/- 4, 145 +/- 4, 142 +/- 4, and 141 +/- 5 myGMC100H113IMcCarthyJIgneousK3403ˆAJcBChitna Valley batholithC Late JurassicDChiefly quartz monzodiorite, but compositionally diverse, ranging from granite to diorite. Generally foliated and locally gniessic, especially in plutons enclosed in the Strelna Metamorphics glacier!W+W8WHWIWWW_WrWzWWWWWWWWWBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW8W=W>WbWhWkWnWxW}W~WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW%W1W5Wgulkana*1:;ABGPQRSZ[ehjntu}ʂ؂قڂۂ悆炆ꂆ낆킆  $%&()*,/4569:;AGHIJKYZ[\]^_`dgopςЂ.23UWłȂɂႈ肈+iscapitolWcapitolvolcanoshieldandintracalderalavasVcarbonateWcataclastiteWcenteroWWcentralQWchanneledWcheslinaFWcheslinaplutonFVchetaslina#WdWchetaslinavolcanicdebrisflow#VdVchisana?W@WAWBW]Wchisanaformation?V@VAVBVchisanapluton]VchitinaWWWWWWYWjWzWchitinavalleybatholithVVVVYVjVzVchitinavalleybatholithwrangelliaterraneVchitistoneWWWWW\W}WchitistoneandnizinalimestonesVVV\V}VchitistonelimestoneVchitistonelimestonemarbleVchitnaWchitnavalleybatholithVchritistoneWchritistoneandnizinalimestonesVchugachWcinderW,W-W/W0W1W2W3WFWWWiWcindercones-V,qˆuˆvAKvgrBValdez Group: GreenstoneCLate CretaceousAVALDEZ GROUP: This unit consists of massive greenstone, metamorphosed pillow basalt, and mafic dikes exposed near the heads of Woodworth and Schwan Glaciers. Elsewhere in the Cordova and Valdez quadrangles, the unit includes lenticular bodies of chorite schist that may have originally typically metamorphosed to greenschist and low amphibolite facies. The higher grade facies is distinguished by the presence of dark-green hornblende.GVA003H6611IValdezJ MetamorphicK2705ˆwAKvmB"Valdez Group -- Amphibolite schistCLate(?) CretaceousDMostly massive, black to greenish-black fine- to medium-grained amphibolite schist Probably derived from massive basalt and gabbro. Coded as 2710 on WRST mapGYA002H77IYakutatJ MetamorphicK2710ˆxAKvmB$Valdez Group -- Schistose metaflyschCLate Cretaceous] ‰GCHoloceneDVSlumps, earth-debris flows, block glides, and debris avalanches. Diamicton and rubbleGVA006H6021IValdezJUnconsolidatedK108N1080‰HAQaoBOlder alluviumCHolocene and PleistoceneDIn higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGVA008H53IValdezJUnconsolidatedK109N1090‰IAQaoBOlder alluviumC PleistoceneDIn higher terraces along larger streams and in inactive alluvial fans. Predominantly of Pleistocene age, but may include localized Holocene deposits. Chiefly well sorted gravel and sand; minor silt and bouldersGVA006H6009IValdezJUnconsolidatedK109N1090‰JAQflBFluviolacustrine depositsCHolocene and PleistoceneD{In ponds, swamps, lagoons, and along low-gradient streams. Chiefly silt, clay, fine sand, peat, and other organic materialGVA006H6013IValdezJUnconsolidatedK112N1120‰KAQmstˆgDThin- to medium-bedded metamorphosed flysch, interlayered metagraywacke and argillite, minor schist, slate, and phyllite; metamorphosed to chlorite- or biotite-grade greenschist-facies mineral assemblagesEG'Metafossils' recorded by Jones and Clark (1973) yield Maestrichain ageGMC002H12IMcCarthyJ MetamorphicK2700ˆhAKvBValdez Group -- MetaflyschCLate CretaceousA|Mainly phyllitic metapelite (70-80 percent) and subordinate metagraywacke in thin to very thick beds with minor metavolcanic rocks metamorphosed mainly to lower greenschist facies. Locally hornfelsed and massive near Tertiary plutons. The metapelite is dark gray to black and consists mainly of carbonaceous phyllite and lesser amounts of slate and very fine grained mica schist.|GBG002H142IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2700ˆiAKvsB.Valdez Group: Metasedimentary rocks, undividedCLate Cretaceous0eS‰=B&Metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocksCDevonian and older (?)DChiefly phyllite with subordinate schistose pebble conglomerate, containing stretched clasts of quartzite, limestone, schist, and phyllite, gray micaceous quartzite, and calcareous quartz-mica schist.GNB004H422INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7300‰>ADhpB&Metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocksCDevonian and older (?)DHornfelsed phyllite. Cordierite- and andalusite-bearing knotty schists peripheral mostly to the Mineral Cairn phase (Kmg) of the Tok-Tetlin pluton.GNB004H423INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7300MHFS‰?ADgB GreenstoneCDevonianDDark-greenish-gray massive greenstone. Locally contains thin septa of phyllite. Regionally metamorphosed (greenschist facies) GNB002H154INabesnaJ MetamorphicK7320‰@ADgB&Metasedimentary and meta-igneous rocksCDevonian and older (?)shearedWLWWWWWWWWshearingWWWWWWshedWsheetedWWsheetsWshelfWWshieldWWWWkWmWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWshieldandintracalderalavaschieflyandesitekVshieldlavasVshieldsWshoal:WshoreWshorelineWWWshorelinesWshortWWZWshortflowsandsmallirregularmassesintimatelyassociatedVshowcWgWWWWWWWWWWshowing WshownW<WfWWWWWWsignificantWWsignificantlyWsilicaNWOWjWW Wsilica-richWsiliceousWWWW!WsiliciceousWsilicieous0WsiliciousWWsillimaniteWsillsBWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WWW-WsWWWWWWW W WV‡‡ATblB3Volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, undifferentiatedCTertiaryASequence of interlayered flows and lahars, chiefly andesite composition, and, locally, volcanic gravel and conglomerate. Upper part overlies the dacite dome field and assoc. rocks (Tdh), but lower part appears to be intruded by dacite porphyry (Tdh), hence may include rocks of the older Rocker Creek lavas (Trl). Wrangell lava; Sonya Creek shield volcano; border volcanic and volcaniclastic rocksGMC003H212IMcCarthyJIgneousK1040‡ATolBAndesite lavas and mudflowsCTertiaryDA sequence of tilted and interlayered porphyritic to aphanitic andesite lava flows and mudflows that dip 20-30 north. Aggregate thickness about 1000 m, but base is not exposed. Young Creek volcanic and volcaniclastic rocksFTwo whole-rock K-Ar ages on single sample give ages of 18.6 and 19.1 Ma. Too young, probably reset; overlain by Sonya Ck. shield lavas (20 Ma) and intruded and tilted by subvolcanic rocks (Tdd, 23 Ma)J ˆCAVALDEZ GROUP: Serpentinized peridotite and dunite occur at three localities underlain by the Valdez Group: two of these are on the Resurrection Peninsula and the third is near the head of Port Fidalgo. On the Resurrection Peninsula small sparse inclusions of altered dunite are found in the gabbro unit. Blocks of serpentinite and serpentinized peridotite crop out within the interbedded volcanic and sedimentary rocks unit. Their strongly shared margins suggest that these rocks have beenB tectonically emplaced. The third outcrop of ultramafic rocks is northeast of the head of Port Fidalgo. This outcrop consists of both banded and massive dark- to light-green serpentized dunite and peridotite. ultramafic rocksGCV002H553ICordovaJIgneousK2440x‡‡ATtBTokun FormationCTertiary, EoceneAConsists predominantly of concretionary siltstone and lesser, variable amount of interbedded sandstone, chiefly in lower part of formation. Siltstone generally is medium to dark gray and nearly massive; locally, thin beds and lenses of lighter gray, brown-weathering calcareous siltstone and silty limestone are found within darker siltstone. Spheroidal calcareous concretions as much as 1 m in maximum dimension are distributed randomly or along bedding surfaces in the siltstone. Thin beds oBf glauconitic sandstone occur near top of formation. Interbedded sandstone generally is lighter gray than the siltstone, is micaceous, feldspathic, and brown weathering. Occurs only east of Steller Glacier.E'Contains a very sparse marine megafaunaGBG002H138IBering GlacierJ SedimentaryK810‡ATtBTokun FormationCEocene‡‡ATtBTokun FormationCOligocene and EoceneAA transgressive marine sequence. Consists predominantly of concretionary siltstone with a lesser and variable amount of interbedded sandstone, chiefly in the lower part of the formation. The siltstone generally is medium to dark gray and nearly massive; in places, thin beds and lenses of lighter gray brown-weathering calcareous siltstone and silty limestone occur within the darker siltstone. Interbedded sandstone in the Tokun, which generally is lighter gray than the siltstone, is micacB(eous, feldspathic, and brown-weathering.Ecrabs, and mollusksGCV002H240ICordovaJ SedimentaryK810‡ATtBTokun FormationCOligocene and Eocenemdarkgreenish-graymetaandesiteormetabasaltflowsandsome)Vdarkgreenish-graytoverydarkgrayshalelocallyconcretio8VdarkshalyargilliteinpoorlydefinedbedswithabundantthVdarktolight-grayphylliteandbrownish-graymetaconglomera4VdarkvolcanicbrecciasandagglomeratesallgenerallyweldedVdark-brownWWWWWdark-colored^WaWdark-grayW WWWW>WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW"W.W5W<WAW\WN‡ABasaltic pyroclastic and flow rocks, including minor pillowed lava flows; locally interbedded with marine sedimentary rocks, including tuffaceous or glauconitic strata. Probably related genetically to mafic dikes, sills, and plugs unit (Tm). [Note similarity to Meshik Volcanics]GIB002H135IIcy BayJIgneousK680coastWWcoastal W!W"W#WWWcobble1WAWBWnWWWWWW6WWWWW!Wcobble-conglomerate7Wcobbles W!W"W#W.W>WMWWWWcodedwWcoextensivemWOWWWcollapseW WcollapsedGWcollapseddomeGVcollectivewWcolluvialBWGWdWWWWWcolluvialdepositsriverblufftypeGVcolluvialdepositsyounglandslidedepositschieflydebrisadVcolluviumW%WFWLWNWPWQWSWWWZW[W\W]WWWWcolluviumalongthehighsteepbluffsofthecopperriveranZV[V]VcolluviumconsistingoftalusandsmalllandslidesalsoinclVcolluviumonriverbluffsdevelopedinunconsolidateddeposiQVcolluviumunderlyinggentlytomoderatelysteepslopesmostlSVcolluviumundividedFVcolor WWWcoloredWWWcolors8WWWWWWWWWWWW 8‰J MetamorphicK5625‰APsBSlana Spur FormationC Early PermianDPart of Mankomen Group. Volcanic siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate with subordinate lapilli tuff, volcanic breccia and impure biomicritic limestone. Equivalent to parts of the Cache Creek Group and the Skolai GroupGNB002H124INabesnaJ SedimentaryK5630‰APPsBSlana Spur FormationC/Middle and Late Pennsylvanian and Early PermianDSlana Spur FormationGGU002H156IGulkanaJ SedimentaryK5630‰APzvcBVolcanic rocksCLate PaleozoicDDark-gray thin-bedded fine- to medium-grained volcanic sandstone, cherty argillite, quartzite, and tuff. Weakly metamorphosed (greenschist facies). May be equivalent to Tetlna Volcanics (PPt) or Devonian terrane (Dp).GNB002H151INabesnaJ MetamorphicK5635‰APzvBVolcanic rocksCLate (?) Paleozoic**‡AA sequence of thin- to thick-bedded sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone. Abundant sedimentary structures, such as graded bedding, crossbedding, and ripple marks, along with flute, groove, and load casts, indicate deposition from turbidity currents. Sandstone is more abundant than finer-grained rocks. Limestone lenses or concretions are found locally, and these, along with the earlier mentioned conglomerates, are characteristic of sedimentary rocks belonging to the Orca Group. Thin-sectioBXn petrography indicates that most of the sandstones are feldspathic to feldspatholithic.FEPollen: Alnus (Alder) Foraminifers: Globogerina sp., G. senni, Globogerina sp. (hispid), Globorotalia sp. Echinoids: Holaster sp. ?Hypsopygaster sp., NucleopygusGCV002H271ICordovaJ SedimentaryK950EplantWWWWWWplantscrapsVplantsWWW,WplantsandmollusksVVVpliensbachianWWWpollenWWWWpollenalnusalderforaminifersglobogerinaspgsennigloboVVVVpoorlyW$Wpoorlypreservedearlypermianfossils$Vpreserved,WW$WprinceWprobable8Wpuzosia3WquadrangleeWWradiolaria<Wradiolariafromchertrangesfromtriassictomid-cretaceous<VradiolariansWrangeWranges<WrareWrecordedgWremainsWWrepresents4W Wrobustus1Wrocks1W3Wrugose.Wrugoseandtabulatecorals.Vscanty"Wscantyfragmentsofbryozoanscrinoidscoralsandbrachiopod"VscrapsWsenniWWWWWWWshaleWWWsparseWWWWWW8WWWsparsebuchiaindicatealatemesozoicageVspiculesWspiredWWWWsubcircularisW  t‡PDmHo-Hum dome complex. Chiefly northerly trending dikes apparently restricted to central part of dome complex.GNB008H820INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡QAQhpB*Ho-Hum dome complex -- Dacite central plugC PleistoceneD)Ho-Hum dome complex. Dacite central plugGNB008H821INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡RAQhdiB3Ho-Hum dome complex -- Dacite shallow intrusion (?)C PleistoceneD2Ho-Hum dome complex. Dacite shallow intrusion (?)GNB008H822INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡SAQhdB,Ho-Hum dome complex -- Dacite dome and flowsC PleistoceneDVHo-Hum dome complex. Undifferentiated dome rock and flows in central part of complex.GNB008H823INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡TAQjdfB'Jarvis volcanic complex -- Dacite flowsC PleistoceneD&Jarvis volcanic complex. Dacite flowsGNB008H825INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡UAQjdB*Jarvis volcanic complex -- Dikes and plugsC Pleistocene?Wc Ä/Ä10123ÄA4<ÄQ56789:;Ä=>Ä1?@ÄAB%tuffsWWWaWnWWWW*W,W-WtumbleqWrWturbiditeyWturbiditesWWWWiWturbidityWWWWWturbitdites--mudstonWtwo)WUWhWWWWCWNWpWqWWWWWWWWWfWtwodikesofthefiveobservedwereaccessibleandsampledbhVtwosmalldiscordantstocksofbiotite-hornblendegraniteanVtwo-pyroxeneWWWW4W6W;WsWWtwo-pyroxeneandesiteandminortwo-pyroxenedaciteflowsfl4Vtwo-thirdsWWWWtwrWtypeGWWWW,WtypesRWeWWWWtypical}WtypicallyNWWWWWW<WtWuWvW|WWWWWWWWW%W:W~WWWunconsolidateddetrituschieflysiltsandandgravelthatge4Vunconsolidatedtopoorlyconsolidatedtotallyunsorteddiami+VunderWWWWWunderlainRWWCWNW[u‡wJIgneousK455N4550‡xAQTdbB)Wrangell Lava - Basalt and andesite dikesC;Quaternary and Tertiary, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDSmall, nearly vertical fine-grained nonporphyritic olivine basalt and hypersthene andesite dikes. Glassy with local columnar jointing. Dikes almost certainly represent more than one episode of intrusion, perhaps widely separate in timeGNB108H529INabesnaJIgneousK455N4550‡yATbBWrangell Lava - Basalt flowsCTertiary, MioceneDhVesicular, f. - m.g., locally porphyritic flows. Rocks locally chloritized and altered to clay mineralsF#K-Ar date yielded 13.9 +/- 0.8 m.y.GNB108H535INabesnaJIgneousK455MALTN4550‡zAQTwB Wrangell LavaCEQuaternary and Tertiary, Holocene, Pleistocene, Pliocene, and MioceneDDifferentiated calc-alkaline lava flows of andesite, basaltic andesite, and olivine andesite with minor volcanic conglomerate locally near the base. The lavas are dark gray and weather medium brown to dark yellowish brownGMC100H108IMcCarthyE\4‡AAt least 3,000 m of orange weathering light-gray feldspathic to lithofeldspathic sandstone and calcareous sandstone interbedded with dark-gray siltstone, pebble conglomerate, and many thin beds of coal. Commonly well-indurated with bituminous rank coal. Complexly deformed into tight fault-bounded chevron folds overturned to south with bedding plane thrusts tending to be localized in coal beds.E`Contains a sparse warm water molluscan megafauna and locally abundant sub-tropical plant fossilsGMS002H35IMount Saint EliasJ SedimentaryK860UErollingWrootWrootsWrosettesWroughlyWroundWroundedWWW-WWWrubbleNWRWWW\WaWhWiWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW2WWEWGWQWWWrubble-coveredWˆˆAavpBQSCHIST OF MOUNT AUGUSTA -- Intercalated quartzofeldspathic schist and amphiboliteCCretaceous(?) and Jurassic(?)AIntercalated quartzofeldspathic schist and amphibolite. Large fault-bounded block of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks metamorphosed to dominantly epidote-amphibolite facies assemblages that are in part doubly foliated. Inferred to be correlative with the Valdez Group metamorphic rocks on basis of lithology, metamorphic grade, and structural style (Plafker and others, 1994).FK-Ar dating of a biotite and hornblende pair in the adjacent Saint Elias quadrangle yields recrystallization ages of 17-23 m.y.GBG002H152IBering GlacierJ MetamorphicK2715ˆAKvgBValdez Group: GneissCLate CretaceousDMuscovite-biotite-quartz-plagioclase (+/- sillimanite and garnet) schist, banded gneiss, and migmatitic gneiss; many local intrusive stringers, dikes, and sills of granodiorite and granite. Transitional into schistose rocks to the north, south, and west.7SatWWWWWW W WLWMWfWvWwWWW\k,‡AAt least 3,000 m of orange weathering light-gray feldspathic to lithofeldspathic sandstone and calcareous sandstone interbedded with dark-gray siltstone, pebble conglomerate, and many thin beds of coal. Commonly well-indurated with bituminous rank coal. Complexly deformed into tight fault-bounded chevron folds overturned to south with bedding plane thrusts tending to be localized in coal beds. E`Contains a sparse warm water molluscan megafauna and locally abundant sub-tropical plant fossilsGYA002H35IYakutatJ SedimentaryK860daciteandesiteandrhyodaciteporphyrytypicallystronglypVVdacitedomesIVdaciteflowsVdaciteplutonVdacites W6WZWnhrichWWWWWWW~WWW WWWWW}WrichterWWXW,WridgeWW+WwWridgesWWWWWWWWWrigsby8WrimmedWWringWWWWWrippleWWWWriver W!W"W#WGWQWZW[W]WeWWWWWWWWW W)WWW"W8WWWWWFWLWMWNWOWXWZWbWWWWriver'sKWfWriversW$W%WLWMWaWcWeWnWoWWrockW%WHWJWKWMWOWRWUWWW\W_W`WaWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW(W7WAWSW_WWWWWWWWWWWWWW#W-W7W9WWWWWWWEWRW`WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW‡UD~Jarvis volcanic complex. Dikes and plugs; dikes examined were dark gray, porphyritic, olivine-bearing two pyroxene andesites.GNB008H826INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡VAQdiB Dacite plugsC PleistoceneDLight gray, moderately porphyritic hornblende dacite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase, hornblende, and traces of orthopyroxene in a cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline groundmass.GVA007H5IValdezJIgneousK465N4650‡WAQdBDacite flow domeC PleistoceneDLight gray porphyritic hornblende dacite containing phenocrysts of plagioclase and hornblende that is locally rimmed with black oxides in a cryptocrystalline groundmass.GVA007H4IValdezJIgneousK465N4650‡XAQodBDacite intrusionC Pleistocenef‡LD.Mount Sanford volcano, dikes, undifferentiatedGNB008H812INabesnaJIgneousK401N4012‡MAQhBHo-Hum Creek dome complexC PleistoceneAHo-Hum dome complex. An andesite-dacite dome-flow center northeast of the north Jarvis eruptive center. Complex consists chiefly of an older, central dome and flows of hornblende dacite and younger flows of andesite and dacite that exhibit mixed magma characteristics.GNB008H817INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡NAQhaB?Ho-Hum dome complex -- Quartz-bearing high silica andesite flowC PleistoceneD>Ho-Hum dome complex. Quartz-bearing high silica andesite flowGNB008H818INabesnaJIgneousK401N4013‡OAQhadB