Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Eric Grossman
        Originator: Patrick E. Hart
        Originator: Michael E. Field
        Originator: Peter Triezenberg
        Publication_Date: 2006
        Title:
          High-resolution chirp seismic-reflection data acquired from the
          Cap de Creus shelf and canyon area, Gulf of Lions, Spain in 2004
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
          Issue_Identification: 2006-1247
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1247/>
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: seismic reflection profile section
    Description:
      Abstract:
        This report consists of high-resolution chirp seismic reflection profile
        data from the northern Gulf of Lions, Spain. These data were acquired in
        2004 using the Research Vessel Oceanus (USGS Cruise ID: O-1-04-MS). The
        data are available in binary and JPEG image formats. Binary data are
        in Society of Exploration Geologists (SEG) SEG-Y format and may be
        downloaded for further processing or display. Reference maps and
        JPEG images of the profiles may be viewed with your Web browser.
      Purpose:
        Marine seismic reflection data are used to image and map
        sedimentary and structural features of the seafloor and subsurface.
        These data were acquired across the shelf and canyon area of the Gulf
        of Lions, Spain as part of a multinational effort to characterize the
        geologic framework and sedimentary environment of the region.
        The specific objective of this seismic survey is to provide seismic
        reflection images of the depositional geometry of the upper 50 meters of
        subbottom stratigraphy in order to better understand the mechanisms of
        sediment transport and deposition. These chirp seismic profiles provide
        high-quality images with approximately 20 cm of vertical
        resolution and up to 80 m of subbottom penetration.
      Supplemental_Information:
        Chirp seismic reflection profiles are acquired by means of an
        acoustic source and a hydrophone array, both contained in a single unit
        towed in the water behind a survey vessel. The sound source emits a
        short (30 ms) swept-frequency (500 to 7200 Hz)acoustic pulse,
        which propagates through the water and sediment columns. The acoustic
        energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor or
        sediment layers beneath the seafloor), and detected by the hydrophone
        array, and digitally recorded by the onboard PC-based acquisition system.
        As the vessel moves, this process is repeated multiple times per second,
        producing a two-dimensional image of the shallow geologic structure
        beneath the ship track.
        Additional information about the USGS survey O-1-04-MS is available at
        <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/o/o104ms/html/o-1-04-ms.meta.html>.
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Date: 20030925
          Ending_Date: 20031001
      Currentness_Reference:
        Data assumed to be constant over time, but the imaged geology may
        change due to geologic processes.
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: 3.1808
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: 3.4586
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.4418
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.1763
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
        Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
        Theme_Keyword: USGS
        Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
        Theme_Keyword: CMGP
        Theme_Keyword: EuroSTRATAFORM
        Theme_Keyword: Seismic Reflection
        Theme_Keyword: Sedimentation
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
        Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation
        Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
        Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
        Place_Keyword: Cap de Creus Shelf
        Place_Keyword: Cap de Creus Canyon
        Place_Keyword: Gulf of Lions
        Place_Keyword: Spain
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
        Place_Keyword: Mediterranean Sea
    Access_Constraints: None. These data are held in the public domain.
    Use_Constraints:
      The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as the originator
      of the data in future products or derivative research.
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Eric Grossman
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Position: Geologist
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive Mail Stop 999
          City: Santa Cruz
          State_or_Province: CA
          Postal_Code: 95060-5792
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4725
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: egrossman@usgs.gov
    Browse_Graphic:
      Browse_Graphic_File_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1247/images/gol_coverage_area.png>
      Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Map of Gulf of Lions showing areas of 2004 USGS chirp seismic refleciton research cruise
      Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Alonso, B.
        Originator: Canals, M.
        Originator: Got, H.
        Originator: Maldonado, A.
        Publication_Date: 1991
        Title:
          Sea valleys and related depositional systems in the Gulf of
          Lions and Ebro continental margin
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin
          Issue_Identification: 75, p. 1195-1214
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK
          Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Baztan, J.
        Originator: BernŽ, S.,
        Originator: Olivet, J.-L
        Originator: Rabineau, M.
        Originator: Aslanian, D.
        Originator: Gaudin, M.
        Originator: RŽhault, J.P.
        Originator: Canals, M.
        Publication_Date: 2005
        Title:
          The axial incision: the key to understand canyon evolution (in
          the western Gulf of Lions)
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Marine and Petroleum Geology
          Issue_Identification: 22, n. 6-7, p. 805-826
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Guildford, Surrey, England
          Publisher: Butterworth Scientific Ltd.
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: CarrŽ, D.
        Originator: Loubrieu, B.
        Originator: MazŽ, J.-P.
        Originator: Normand, A.
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title: Carte morphobathymŽtrique du Golfe du Lion ˆ lâ Žchelle 1/100 000 Žme
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Brest, France
          Publisher: Ifremer, Brest
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: Gorini, C.
        Publication_Date: 2005
        Title:
          The Gulf of Lions: An overview of recent studies within the
          French Marginsâ Programme
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Marine and Petroleum Geology
          Issue_Identification: 22, n. 6-7, p. 691-693
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Guildford, Surrey, England
          Publisher: Butterworth Scientific Ltd.
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: CarrŽ, ginator: Loubrieu, B.
        Originator: MazŽ, J.P.
        Originator: Morvan, L.
        Originator: Normand, A.
        Publication_Date: 2004
        Title: Le Golfe du Lion. Carte morpho-bathymŽtrique
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Brest, France
          Publisher: Ifremer, Brest
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: Loubrieu, B.
        Originator: The Calmar scientific party
        Publication_Date: 1999
        Title:
          Canyons and recent sedimentary processes on the western
          Gulf of Lions margin
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: First results of the Calmar cruise. Comptes Rendus de l'AcadŽmie des Sciences de Paris
          Issue_Identification: 328: 471-477
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Paris
          Publisher: l'AcadŽmie des Sciences de Paris
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: Loubrieu, B.
        Originator: lâŽquipe embarquŽe CALMAR
        Publication_Date: 1997
        Title:
          Carte morpho-bathymetrie de la marge occidentale du Golfe
          du Lion ˆ lâ Žchelle 1/250 000 Žme
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Brest, France
          Publisher: Ifremer, Brest
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Correggiari, A.
        Originator: Trincardi, F.
        Originator: Langone, L.
        Originator: Roveri, M.
        Publication_Date: 2001
        Title:
          Styles of failure in Late Holocene highstand prodelta
          wedges on the Adriatic shelf
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Journal of Sedimentary Geology
          Issue_Identification: 71, p. 218-236
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK
          Publisher: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Grossman, E.E.
        Originator: Hart, P.
        Originator: Field, M.E.
        Publication_Date: 2005
        Title:
          Evidence of recent sediment storage and transport
          from shallow seismic stratigraphy on the Cap de Creus shelf, Spain
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: EuroSTRATAFORM - Promess Joint Meeting, Salamanca, Spain, October 24-27, 2005
          Issue_Identification: October 24-27, 2005
        Other_Citation_Details: <http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/CHD/EUROSTRATAFORM/salamanca2005/index.html>
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Lofi, J.
        Originator: Rabineau, M.
        Originator: Gorini, C.
        Originator: Berne, S.
        Originator: Clauzon, G.
        Originator: De Clarens, P.
        Originator: Tadeu Dos Reis, A.
        Originator: Mountain, G.S.
        Originator: Ryan, W.B.F.
        Originator: Steckler, M.S.
        Originator: Fouchet, C.
        Publication_Date: 2003
        Title:
          Plio-Quaternary prograding clinoform wedges of the
          western Gulf of Lion continental margin (NW Mediterranean)
          after the Messinian Salinity Crisis
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Marine Geology
          Issue_Identification: 198(3-4): 289-317
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Amsterdam
          Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Marsset, T.
        Originator: Bellec, V.
        Publication_Date: 2002
        Title:
          Late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits on the Rhone inner
          continental shelf (France): detailed mapping and
          correlation with previous continental and marine studies
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Sedimentology
          Issue_Identification: 49, p. 255-276
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Blackwell Scientific Publishers
          Publisher: Oxford, Boston
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Rabineau, M.
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: Le Drezen, E.
        Originator: Lericolais, G.
        Originator: Rutunno, M.
        Publication_Date: 1998
        Title:
          3D architecture of lowstand and transgressive Quaternary
          sand bodies on the outer shelf of the Gulf of Lions, France
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Marine Petroleum Geology
          Issue_Identification: 15, p. 439-452
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Guildford, Surrey, England
          Publisher: Butterworth Scientific Ltd.
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Rabineau, M.
        Originator: BernŽ, S.
        Originator: Aslanian, D.
        Originator: Olivet, J.-L.
        Originator: Phillipe, J.
        Originator: Guillocheau, F.
        Originator: Bourillet, J.-F.
        Originator: Ledrezen, E.
        Originator: Granjeon, D.
        Publication_Date: 2005
        Title:
          Sedimentary sequences in the Gulf of Lions: a record of
          100,000 years climatic cycles
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Marine and Petroleum Geology
          Issue_Identification: 22, n. 607, p. 775-804
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Guildford, Surrey, England
          Publisher: Butterworth Scientific Ltd.
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Schoolmeester, T.
        Originator: Grossman, E.E.
        Originator: Garc’a-Garc’a, A.
        Originator: Canals, M.
        Originator: Field, M.
        Originator: Levey, M.
        Originator: Fabres, J.
        Originator: Orange, D.
        Publication_Date: 2005
        Title:
          Shallow Sediment Structure revealed from High Resolution
          Surveys in the Upper Cap de Creus Canyon
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: EuroSTRATAFORM - Promess Joint Meeting, Salamanca, Spain, October 24-27, 2005
          Issue_Identification: October 24-27, 2005
        Other_Citation_Details: <http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/CHD/EUROSTRATAFORM/salamanca2005/index.html>
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Torres, J.
        Originator: Savoye, B.
        Originator: Cochonat, P.
        Publication_Date: 1995
        Title:
          The effects of sea level changes on the Rhone slope
          sedimentation (northwestern Mediterranean) as indicated by seismic stratigraphy
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Journal of Sedimentary Research
          Issue_Identification: 65, p. 368-38
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK
          Publisher: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology)
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Overview_Description:
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        Binary data file: Each profile is
        available as a binary file in Society of Exploration Geophysicists
        SEG-Y format. A SEG-Y file consists of 1) a 3200-byte file
        identification record of EBCDIC encoded general information; 2) a
        400-byte binary record with information such as sample rate and
        record length specific to the data set; and 3) multiple records, one
        seismic reflection trace per record. Each trace record is preceded
        by a 240-byte "trace header" containing information such as trace
        number and acquisition day and time specific to each trace. The
        trace data are represented as a time series of unitless 16-bit
        integer or 32-bit real numbers proportional to the pressure recorded
        at each hydrophone. The SEG-Y file is useful only if you have access
        to specialized software designed to process and display seismic
        reflection data.
      Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
        Barry, K.M., Cavers, D.A., and
        Kneale, C.W., 1975, Recommended standards for digital tape formats:
        Geophysics, v. 40, n. 2, p. 344 - 352. Also available online at:
        <http://www.seg.org/publications/tech-stand/>
      Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
        Graphic image file: Each profile is
        available as a JPEG image.
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Attribute_Accuracy:
      Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
        The validity or accuracy of marine seismic reflection profiles is
        highly qualitative, and depends on equipment and operating condition
        variables too numerous to quantify. There have been no efforts to
        assess the validity of the data.
    Logical_Consistency_Report: These data have not been assessed for internal consistency.
    Completeness_Report:
      These are sparse line coverages (2D).
      Therefore, data are inherently incomplete. Geologic details between
      lines must be inferred. The surveys were not designed to cover a
      particular geographic area; the line spacings and azimuths were chosen
      to assess the regional stratigraphy.
    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          Positions were determined with
          differential Global Positioning System (GPS). Absolute position
          accuracy was approximately plus/minus 10 m.
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
        Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
          The vertical position was local sea level and there have been no
          corrections to a datum or for tidal variations.
    Lineage:
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Single-channel chirp seismic reflection data were acquired using an
          Edgetech 512i subbottom profiling system.  This "fish " was towed aft
          of the research vessel at a depth of approximately 15 meters at a
          ship speed of approximately 4 knots. A 30 ms swept-frequency
          (500 to 7200 Hz)"chirp" source signal was emitted 1 to 4 times
          per second depending on water depth and the returning reflections
          were detected by hydrophones located along the bottom of the fish.
          The data were digitally recorded by an on-board PC-based Delph Seismic
          recording system. Differential GPS position fixes were written into
          the seismic data trace headers and are also available in an ASCII
          text file.
        Process_Date: 2004
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description:
          Open File preparation: The seismic profiles were converted from
          Delph Seimic proprietary format to standard SEG-Y format and to
          CGM plot files using Paradigm Focus software. Then the CGM files were
          converted to 300 dots per inch JPEG image file using Larson CGM to
          Image software.  The SEG-Y data files and the JPEG image files are
          available for download from this on-line report.
        Process_Date: 2004
        Process_Contact:
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
              Contact_Person: Patrick E. Hart
              Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
            Contact_Position: Geophysicist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing address
              Address: 345 Middlefield Road Mail Stop 999
              City: Menlo Park
              State_or_Province: CA
              Postal_Code: 94025-3561
              Country: USA
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5160
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hart@usgs.gov
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Indirect_Spatial_Reference:
      Horizontal X and Y locations for the seimic profiles location are provided
      in ASCII position files and are alos stored in the SEG-Y data trace headers
      in the standard header locations.
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Geographic:
        Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001
        Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001
        Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS 84
        Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 84
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 m
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Eric Grossman
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Position: Geologist
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address: USGS, 400 Natural Bridges Drive
          City: Santa Cruz
          State_or_Province: CA
          Postal_Code: 95060-5792
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4725
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: egrossman@usgs.gov
        Contact_Instructions:
          Data may be available off-line only by special
          arrangement with the distributor above. Please use the on-line
          download option unless precluded by download times or access
          difficulties.
    Resource_Description: U.S. Geological Suvey Open-File Report 2006-1247
    Distribution_Liability:
      This dataset was prepared by an agency of the
      United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any
      agency thereof nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed
      or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for
      information, apparatus, products, or processes disclosed in this
      report, nor represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
      rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process,
      or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does
      not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring
      by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
      Although all data published in this report have been used by the USGS,
      no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the
      accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution
      shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is
      assumed by the USGS in the use of this data.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: SEG-Y, JPEG, ASCII
          Transfer_Size: 2.5 gigabytes
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1247/>
          Offline_Option:
            Recording_Format: ISO 9660
            Offline_Media: CD-R or DVD-R
      Fees: none
    Technical_Prerequisites:
      Use of SEG-Y data requires specialized software,
      such as ProMax and Seisworks by Landmark Geophysical; FOCUS and SeisX
      by Paradigm Geophysical; SPW by Parallel Geoscience; or VISTA by
      Seismic Image Software.
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20060728
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Eric Grossman
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Position: Geologist
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address: USGS, 400 Natural Bridges Drive
          City: Santa Cruz
          State_or_Province: CA
          Postal_Code: 95060-5792
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4725
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: egrossman@usgs.gov
    Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998