Ellen A. Raabe E. Bialkowska-Jelinska 2007 remote-sensing image, map, multimedia Open-File Report St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey Ellen A. Raabe E. Bialkowska-Jelinska 2007 remote-sensing image, map, multimedia Open-FIle Report St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey Temperature anomalies in coastal waters were detected with thermal infrared imagery of the Lower Suwannee River (LSR) and nearshore tidal marshes on Florida's Gulf coast. Imagery includes day and night thermal infrared (TIR) , and color infrared (CIR) imagery. Data was acquired on March 2nd and 3rd, 2005. Coincident temperature readings were collected on the ground and used to calibrate the imagery. The Floridan aquifer is at or near the land surface in this area and bears a consistent temperature signature of ~ 21 degrees Celsius year round. This consistent temperature contrasts sharply with ambient water temperatures during winter months. Using the imagery and ambient temperature ranges, hot spots were identified, warm water plumes were mapped, and key features were investigated. The plume from Manatee Springs, a first-order magnitude spring on the Suwannee River, and numerous temperature anomalies on small tributaries and tidal creeks from Shired Island to Cedar Key were identified at 3 m resolution. Features were confirmed with field reconnaissance. The method shows considerable promise in mapping coastal aquifer seeps. The USGS is providing the TIR and CIR imagery and derived temperature anomalies to bring more insight into unique hydrogeologic condition of the Lower Suwannee River, estuary and tidal creeks along the Gulf of Mexico. Temperature anomalies identified in the imagery may correlate with seeps from the aquifer. The geographic distribution of seep locations will aid research and management of ground water, surface water, habitat characterization, and water quality. CIR was flown simultaneously with TIR during daylight hours. The detailed CIR provides a clear picture of vegetation cover and ground conditions during overflights. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery was acquired by aircraft at 7000 feet, covering 250,000 acres of the Lower Suwannee River and coastal intertidal zone on March 2-3, 2005. Nighttime (8 pm -1 am) and daytime (10 am - 5pm) TIR was collected at 1.5 m resolution. Color Infrared imagery (CIR) was collected at 0.75 m resolution during daylight hours. Imagery was geo-rectified by VeriMap PLUS Inc with an approximate accuracy of 1.5m and a total positional error of +/- 3.17m. Imagery was mosaicked into single layers, night and day, at 3m resolution to reduce processing time and to facilitate consistent regional analysis. Ground temperature data collected at the time of overflight was used to calibrate the imagery. Features exceeding the ambient water temperature by 4 degrees Celsius or more were extracted as nighttime or daytime hot spots and provided as suw_pm_hot.tif and suw_am_hot.tif files. Plumes and 'warm' water features are areas exceeding ambient water temperature by 1 degree Celsius or more and having a connected, linear, or clumping geographic distribution as would be expected from a source flow: suw_am_plume.tif, suw_pm_plume.tif. These features are extracted for the purpose of showing potential areas influenced by aquifer discharge during data acquisition in March 2005. Areas labeled as 'warm am/pm' are areas that exceed ambient water temperatures on both day and night TIR imagery: suw_ampm_warm.tif. A slight mis-registration was observed between daytime and nightime images. Processing for temperature anomalies was complicated by artifacts at flight-line boundaries and a high background temperature in the Suwannee River associated with the Manatee Springs plume. The imagery was processed further to eliminate and compensate for these problems. High background temperature in the river likely masked small temperature anomalies on the river itself and required separate processing for ambient temperature in the river and the tidal creeks. VeriMap released 17 files of 0.75 m CIR imagery within the study area. The 0.75 resolution CIR files were recombined to 12 images as shown in the attached illustration. Each file is 178 -279 mb. A single CIR image was created for easy viewing by mosaicking all CIR images and reducing resolution of 3.0 x 3.0 m pixel size. This file is 352 mb in size and is called low_suw_CIRmosaic.tif. 03/02/2005 03/03/2005 ground condition Complete None planned -83.222945 -82.921870 29.501092 29.112710 temperature anomalies thermal infrared aquifer seep color infrared Lower Suwannee River Florida's Gulf Coast Cedar Key surface water tidal March, 2005 It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from the distributor described above or from another USGS server and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. The distributor makes no claim as to the data's suitability for other purposes. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Florida, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgement as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected by users of these data. Sharing new data layers developed directly from these data would be appreciated by U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Integrated Science Center, Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies, St. Petersburg, FL staff. Users should be aware that comparison with other data sets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in mapping conventions, data collection procedures, and computer processes over time. The distributor shall not be liable for improper or incorrect use of these data, based on the description of appropriate/inappropriate uses described in this metadata document. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Ellen A. Raabe U.S. Geological Survey Physical Scientist mailing and physical address

600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3039 727-803-2030 eraabe@usgs.gov IndexMap.jpg Index map for CIR images Lower Suwannee JPEG Original Thermal Infrared and Color Infrared images were acquired by VeriMap PLUS Inc. Global Mapper, ERDAS Imagine, GeoTIFF USGS web site http://gulfsci.usgs.gov/suwannee/index.html document VeriMap, 2005 Image registration accuracy is 1.5m, with a total positional error of +/- 3.17 m VeriMap PLUS Inc. 2005 Calgary, Canada VeriMap PLUS Inc., www.verimap.com This report was prepared by David Stonehouse (Certified Thermographer, VeriMap PLUS Inc. - david_s@verimap.com) www.verimap.com CD-ROM publication date Suwannee River Project VeriMap PLUS Inc. acquired the imagery in March, 2005. Final product shows features extracted from thermal Infrared imagery as raster file layers with a single value per image. All process consists of ambient temperature limits set by region, rule-based feature identification, rule-based editing, and hand-editing of flight-line artifacts conducted in PCI Geomatica and ERDAS Imagine. Final image mosaics and resolution reduction of day and night imagery conducted in same programs. Ellen A. Raabe U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3039 727-803-2030 eraabe@usgs.gov Raster Pixel 14185 9501 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 17 0.999600 -81.000000 0.000000 500000.000000 0.000000 row and column 0.750000 0.750000 meters row and column 3.000000 3.000000 meters D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727 803-8747 727 803-2032 Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that these data are directly acquired from a USGS server, and not indirectly through other sources which may have changed the data in some way. It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata document associated with these data. U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data, including, without limitations, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Also, use of trade names or commerical products in these metadata is solely for the purpose of providing specific information, and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Government. Any downloading and use of these data signifies a user's agreement to comprehension and compliance of the U.S. Geological Survey Standard Disclaimer. Insure all portions of metadata are read and clearly understood before using these data in order to protect both user and U.S. Geological Survey interests. 20071024 Elzbieta Bialkowska-Jelinska U.S. Geological Survey Research Associate mailing and physical address

600 Fourth St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA ebialkowska@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 universal time There are no access limitations on acquiring the metadata document. Metadata can be accessed through the U.S. Geological Survey. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey as the metadata source would be appreciated. Please cite the original metadata when using portions of the record to create a similar record for slightly altered data for reprojection or subsetting. http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile