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| Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center |
U.S. Geological Survey Open–File Report 2008–1200
By Jason Rohweder, James T. Rogala, Barry L. Johnson, Dennis Anderson, Steve Clark, Ferris Chamberlin, and Kip Runyon
ONLINE ONLY
This report is available below as a 43–page PDF for viewing and printing.
Report covers 4 and 1 and report covers 2 and 3 (each is 11” by 17” tabloid) also are available for viewing and printing.
Models based upon coastal engineering equations have been developed to quantify wind fetch length and several physical wave characteristics including significant height, length, peak period, maximum orbital velocity, and shear stress. These models, developed using Environmental Systems Research Institute‚s ArcGIS 9.2 Geographic Information System platform, were used to quantify differences in proposed island construction designs for three Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Projects (HREPs) in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers St. Paul District (Capoli Slough and Harpers Slough) and St. Louis District (Swan Lake). Weighted wind fetch was calculated using land cover data supplied by the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) for each island design scenario for all three HREPs. Figures and graphs were created to depict the results of this analysis. The difference in weighted wind fetch from existing conditions to each potential future island design was calculated for Capoli and Harpers Slough HREPs. A simplistic method for calculating sediment suspension probability was also applied to the HREPs in the St. Paul District. This analysis involved determining the percentage of days that maximum orbital wave velocity calculated over the growing seasons of 2002–2007 exceeded a threshold value taken from the literature where fine unconsolidated sediments may become suspended. This analysis also evaluated the difference in sediment suspension probability from existing conditions to the potential island designs. Bathymetric data used in the analysis were collected from the LTRMP and wind direction and magnitude data were collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center.
Abstract
Introduction
Toolbox Installation
Wind Fetch Model
Introduction
Methodology
Wind Fetch Model Validation
Two–Sample Permutation Test for Locations
Wave Model
Introduction
Assumptions and Model Limitations
Methodology
Adjusting Wind Speed Data
Deep Water Test
Significant Wave Height
Wave Length
Spectral Peak Wave Period
Maximum Orbital Wave Velocity
Shear Stress
St. Paul District Analyses
Study Areas
Capoli Slough Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project
Harpers Slough Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project
Weighted Wind Fetch Analysis
Land Raster Input Data
Wind Direction Input Data
Weighted Wind Fetch
Analysis Results
Discussion
Sediment Suspension Probability Analysis
Analysis Results
Discussion
St. Louis District Analysis
Study Area
Swan Lake Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project
Weighted Wind Fetch Analysis
Land Raster Input Data
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sample Island Design
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sample Island Design
Wind Direction Input Data
Weighted Wind Fetch
Analysis Results
Discussion
Spatial Datasets Used in Analyses
Long Term Resource Monitoring Program 2000 Land Cover/Land Use Data for the Upper Mississippi River System
Originator
Abstract
Online Linkage
Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Bathymetric Data for the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers
Originator
Abstract
Online Linkage
Acknowledgments
References Cited
1–5. Screen shots showing:
1. Windows Explorer view of extracted files.
2. ArcToolbox view of wave tools.
3. Windows dialog box for selecting Waves toolbox.
4. Sample text file with fetch direction input data.
5. Fetch model dialog window prompting user input.
6. Diagram showing example depictions of wind fetch calculated using the different methods.
7. Map showing sample wind fetch model results for Swan Lake Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement
Project (HREP).
8. Map showing wind fetch cell locations and prevailing wind directions used for model validation.
9. Graph showing results for two–sample permutation test for locations.
10. Screen shot showing wave model dialog window prompting user input.
11. Screen shot showing sample text file depicting valid input values for wind data in wave model.
12. Map showing visual depiction of Navigation and Ecosystem Sustainability Program subareas used to
calculate average water depth.
13. Map showing sample wave model outputs for scenario 4, Capoli Slough HREP.
14. Diagram depicting relationships of input and output parameters used within the wave model.
15–17. Maps showing:
15. Location of Pool 9 Capoli Slough and Harpers Slough HREPs.
16. Capoli Slough HREP with feature labels.
17. Harpers Slough HREP with feature labels.
18. Aerial photograph showing location of revised island addition to Harpers Slough HREP area.
19. Sample copy of a National Climatic Data Center, Local Climatological Data summary sheet.
20. Graph showing breakdown of wind directions collected for La Crosse Municipal Airport site.
21. Screen shot showing weighted sum dialog window example.
22–24. Maps showing:
22. Weighted wind fetch results for the Capoli Slough HREP.
23. Weighted wind fetch results for the Harpers Slough HREP.
24. Difference in weighted wind fetch from the existing conditions management scenario to
scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Capoli Slough HREP.
25. Graph showing numerical difference in weighted wind fetch from the existing conditions management
scenario to scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Capoli Slough HREP.
26. Map showing difference in weighted wind fetch from the existing conditions management scenario to
scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Harpers Slough HREP.
27. Graph showing numerical difference in weighted wind fetch from the existing conditions management
scenario to scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Harpers Slough HREP.
28. Diagram explaining process for calculating percent of days capable of suspending sediments.
29–31. Maps showing:
29. Sediment suspension probability results for the Capoli Slough HREP.
30. Sediment suspension probability results for the Harpers Slough HREP.
31. Difference in sediment suspension probability from the existing conditions management scenario
to scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Capoli Slough HREP.
32. Graph showing numerical difference in sediment suspension probability from the existing conditions
management scenario to scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Capoli Slough HREP.
33. Map showing difference in sediment suspension probability from the existing conditions management
scenario to scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Harpers Slough HREP.
34. Graph showing numerical difference in sediment suspension probability from the existing conditions
management scenario to scenarios 1, 2, 3, and 4 for the Harpers Slough HREP.
35. Map showing location of Swan Lake HREP.
36–38. Aerial photographs showing:
36. Location of revised island addition to Swan Lake HREP area.
37. Swan Lake HREP with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed islands labeled.
38. Swan Lake HREP with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposed islands labeled.
39. Sample copy of a National Climatic Data Center, local climatological data summary sheet.
40. Graph showing breakdown of wind directions collected for Lambert–St. Louis International Airport site.
41. Screen shot showing weighted sum dialog window example.
42. Map showing results of weighted wind fetch analysis for Swan Lake HREP.
43. Graphs showing percent decrease in total weighted fetch between existing conditions
and
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed island design for Swan Lake HREP.
44. Graphs showing percent decrease in total weighted fetch between existing conditions
and
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers proposed island design for Swan Lake HREP.
1. Tabular summarization of wind fetch measurements calculated using the two different methods.
2. Summarization of results used to test for deep versus shallow water.
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Whole report (2.67 MB) - 43 pages (8.5” by 11” paper)
Suggested Citation:
Rohweder, Jason, Rogala, James T., Johnson, Barry L., Anderson, Dennis, Clark, Steve, Chamberlin, Ferris, and Runyon, Kip, 2008, Application of wind fetch and wave models for habitat rehabilitation and enhancement projects: U.S. Geological Survey Open–File Report 2008–1200, 43 p.
For more information about USGS activities at the Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center,
please visit the UMESC Web site.
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