- - - - Villarreal, M.L., L. M. Norman, C. S. A. Wallace, and C. van Riper. January 2011 Villarreal, M.L., Norman, L.M., Wallace, C.S.A., and van Riper, Charles, III, 2011, A multitemporal (1979-2009) land-use/land-cover dataset of the binational Santa Cruz watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1131, 26 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1131/]. raster digital data - USGS OFR - A 30-meter resolution Land Use/ Land Cover (LULC) map derived from 2009 Landsat TM satellite imagery for the Santa Cruz Watershed (SCW) of Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico. LULC data will be used for various modeling efforts on the SCW Land Cover Class Descriptions (From NLCD 2001 http://www.mrlc.gov/). We used the NLCD 2001 classification scheme with a few notable changes where class descriptions were modified to better describe Sonoran Desert land cover types and arid riverine vegetation. 11. Open Water - All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil. 21. Developed, Open Space - Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes 22. Developed, Low Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. 23. Developed, Medium Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. 24. Developed, High Intensity - Includes highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80 to100 percent of the total cover. 31. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) - Barren areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover. 41. Deciduous Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 2 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change.1 42. Evergreen Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage. 52. Shrub/Scrub - Areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. 71. Grassland/Herbaceous - Areas dominated by grammanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling, but can be utilized for grazing. 81. Pasture/Hay - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. 2 82. Cultivated Crops - Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled.2 91. Palustrine Forested Wetland -Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. 2 95. Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. 5 1In this data set, cover class 41 is different than the Eastern Deciduous Forest type that is used in the NLCD. The Sonoran Desert is not home to broad-leafed Forests so we took the liberty of using class 41 to map the Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) Forests found along floodplains and xeric washes, which are deciduous and are an important component of the Sonoran desert ecosystem. Note tree height was changed from 5 meters to 2 meters. 2Includes class 85 (Urban/Recreational Grasses) from 1992 classification scheme. 3This class describes Riparian Forests and Woodlands 5This class describes Riparian grasslands and marshes. - - - - 2009-05-08 - 2009-06-16 - 2009-09-04 - 2009-09-24 - 2009-09-29 - Complete - - 471543.959232 562263.959232 3616603.17674 3434113.17674 - - Land Use Land Cover - Santa Cruz Watershed Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico There is no guarantee concerning the accuracy of the data. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the originating agencies would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to for the USGS disclaimer. - - - Miguel L. Villarreal USGS Research Associate 520-626-9156 mvillarreal@usgs.gov - Data are a thematic map describing 2009 Land Use/Land Cover of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed (SCW) of southern Arizona, USA and northern Sonora, Mexico Authors: Miguel.L,Villarreal, Laura. M. Norman, Cynthia S. A. Wallace, and Charles van Riper III Peer Reviewers: Terry Arundal, Sam Drake, and Willem van Leeuwen - - The 2009 LULC map is generally accurate (overall accuracy = 86.50%; kappa = 0.85), individual class accuracies and an exhastive confusion matrix are reported in the USGS Open File Report "A multi-temporal (1979-2009) Land Use/Land Cover data set of the binational Santa Cruz Watershed" by Villarreal, M.L., L. M. Norman, C. S. A. Wallace, and C. van Riper. The accuracy of the dataset is based on the C5's ability to detect land use signatures and the analysts' interpretation of features on the ground. Additional inaccuracy could occur in the original image it was processed from, because even slight measurement inaccuracies of the ground features selected for ortho control can affect the final accuracy. NA - - Geometric accuracy of the systematically corrected product should be within 250 meters (1 sigma) for low-relief areas at sea level. http://eros.usgs.gov/#/Find_Data/Products_and_Data_Available/TM - Geometric accuracy of the systematically corrected product should be within 250 meters (1 sigma) for low-relief areas at sea level. http://eros.usgs.gov/#/Find_Data/Products_and_Data_Available/TM - - Landsat TM Digital download United States Geological Survey, Landsat TM Imagery: USGS, Reston VA Landsat TM scenes were used to create Multi-temporal Tasseled Cap images for LULC classification. Corrected TM (reflectance) bands were used as input layers for LULC classification. - 30 Meter Digital Elevation Model United States Geological Survey, National Elevation Data set A digital elevation model (DEM) obtained from the National Elevation Dataset (NED) was used to derive slope for use in LULC classification - Streams Arizona State Land Department, Arizona Land Resources Information System, 1993, Streams - Levels 1-4: Arizona State Land Department, Arizona Land Resources Information System, Phoenix, Arizona. This data set consists of linear hydrography features in Arizona. Linear features were rasterized and used as an input layer for LULC classification. - We downloaded Landsat TM data from (http://glovis.usgs.gov), Path/Rows (P/R): Landsat TM P35/R38, P36/R37, and P36/R38. Atmospheric effects were removed from the imagery using the cosine of theta (COST) model. The images were radiometrically corrected from DNs to surface reflectance. We used C5 software (Quinlan 1996) to develop the CART models and the NLCD Mapping Tool to classify the spatial data in Erdas Imagine. The CART model uses spectral and ancillary data as predictor variables and LULC classes as the response variables to create a dichotomous "tree" by recursively partitioning the training data into suitable class categories. Using the NLCD Mapping Tool the classification tree rules derived from the training data are then applied directly to predictor variable layers to create a classified image. The following Landsat bands, image transformations, and ancillary data sets were used to develop the LULC classifications: Landsat TM (all data layers in 30m spatial resolution) 1. Slope (derived from USGS National Elevation Data set 30 meter DEMs) 2. Streams (Rasterized buffer of streams polyline dataset) 3. Band 3 (red) 3X3 variance 4. 12 Bands Landsat TM reflectance (2 seasons) 5. 12 Bands Multi-temporal Kauth Thomas (MKT) Transformation 20110113 13144000 - Metadata imported. C:\DOCUME~1\MVILLA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml218.tmp 20110209 15030700 - Metadata imported. C:\DOCUME~1\MVILLA~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\xml21D.tmp 20110209 15243800 - Raster - Pixel 6083 3024 1 30.000000 30.000000 8 Upper Left TRUE None 1 pixel codes TRUE IMAGINE Image - - - - row and column - 30.000000 30.000000 - NAD 83 GRS 1980 - - - - Class Name 11. Open Water - All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil. 21. Developed, Open Space - Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes 22. Developed, Low Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. 23. Developed, Medium Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units. 24. Developed, High Intensity - Includes highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80 to100 percent of the total cover. 31. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) - Barren areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover. 41. Deciduous Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 2 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. 42. Evergreen Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage. 52. Shrub/Scrub - Areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. 71. Grassland/Herbaceous - Areas dominated by grammanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling, but can be utilized for grazing. 81. Pasture/Hay - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. 82. Cultivated Crops - Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled. 91. Palustrine Forested Wetland -Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. 2 95. Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water. - - - Count The number of pixels for each class - - OID Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. - - Value Number corresponding to LULC class. - - Count Number of 30m pixels for a given class. - None. There is no guarantee concerning the accuracy of the data. Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and that some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the originating agencies would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Any user who modifies the data is obligated to describe the types of modifications they perform. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent the data, nor to imply that changes made were approved or endorsed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Please refer to < http://water.usgs.gov/data/disclaimer.html for the USGS disclaimer. - - - .img 0 - 20110208 - - - Miguel L. Villarreal USGS Research Associate 520-626-9156 mvillarreal@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 - {E9E93ED6-297C-4189-BDE1-88B98CEF7840} 20110209 15243800 FALSE 20110210 10142300 20110210 10142300