Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Guido Grosse Originator: Joel E. Robinson Originator: Robin Bryant Originator: Maxwell D. Taylor Originator: William Harper Originator: Amy DeMasi Originator: Emily Kyker-Snowman Originator: Alexandra Veremeeva Originator: Lutz Schirrmeister Originator: Jennifer Harden Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Distribution of Late Pleistocene ice-rich syngenetic permafrost of the Yedoma Suite in East and Central Siberia Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open File Report Issue_Identification: 2013-1078 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston Publisher: VA Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/ Description: Abstract: This digital database is the product of collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska, Foothill College GeoSpatial Technology Certificate Program, and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam. The primary goal for creating this digital database is to enhance current estimates of organic carbon stored in deep permafrost, in particular Late Pleistocene syngenetic ice-rich loess permafrost deposits, called Yedoma. This deposit is vulnerable to thermokarst and erosion due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances We used six 1:1,000,000-scale geologic maps to refine the spatial distribution of Yedoma deposits. The original paper maps were issued by the Department of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation or its predecessor the Department of Geology of the Soviet Union and have their foundation in decades of geological field and remote sensing work and mapping at scales 1:50,000 to 1:500,000 by Russian geologists and cartographers in the respective regions. Our study focused on extracting geologic units interpreted as Yedoma, based on lithology, ground ice conditions, geochronology, geomorphologic, and spatial association. We merged the Yedoma units into a single data layer across multiple map tiles. We recognize that the extent of Yedoma in these maps does not represent the full extent of Yedoma in the Arctic, because similar deposits also occur sporadically to the Siberian west and in portions of Alaska. Purpose: The area covered by these maps provides a useful update of the spatial distribution of Yedoma for a very large region in Siberia. The dataset will serve as a central database for future refinements of additional Yedoma regions, and provide a useful starting point to revise the size of deep permafrost carbon pools in the Arctic based on surface geology and the distribution of cryolithofacies types at high spatial resolution. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1982 Ending_Date: 2000 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 93.918163 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 165.501607 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 83.797841 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 56.694595 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword: Yedoma Theme_Keyword: ice-rich permafrost Theme_Keyword: loess Place: Place_Keyword: Russia Place_Keyword: East Siberia Place_Keyword: Central Siberia Place_Keyword: Olekminsk Place_Keyword: Zhigansk Place_Keyword: Verkhoyansk Place_Keyword: Khonuu Place_Keyword: Srednekolymsk Place_Keyword: Deputatsky Place_Keyword: Nizhnekolymsk Place_Keyword: Yakutsk Place_Keyword: Ozero Taymyt Place_Keyword: Bykovsky Place_Keyword: Novosibirskiye Stratum: Stratum_Keyword: late Pleistocene Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The data was edited at a scale of 1:1,000,000 and higher resolution information is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:1,000,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Guido Grosse Contact_Organization: Permafrost Laboratory Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Contact_Position: Research Assistant Professor Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Permafrost Laboratory Address: Geophysical Institute Address: University of Alaska Address: 903 Koyukuk Drive City: Fairbanks State_or_Province: AK Postal_Code: 99775 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 907.474.7548 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 907.474.7290 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ggrosse@gi.alaska.edu Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.2 (Build 3790) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000 Data_Quality_Information: Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Rudenko, T.A. Originator: Matyushkov, A.D. Originator: Shurygin, A.G. Originator: Sai, T.S. Originator: Feofanova, N.D. Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposits, P-50-51 (Olekminsk) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: P-50-51 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: ROSGEOLKOM, All-Russian Geological Research Institute VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Rudenko and others, 1987 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kolpakov, V.V. Publication_Date: 1992 Title: Map of Quaternary Formations, P-52-53 (Yakutsk) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: P-52-53 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: Department of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Cartographic Company VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpakov, 1992 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kolpakov, V.V. Publication_Date: 1986 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposits, Q-50-51 (Zhigansk) Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: Q-50-51 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Leningrad Publisher: Department of Geology of the U.S.S.R., All-Union Geological Research Institute VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpakov, 1982 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kolpakov, V.V. Publication_Date: 1982 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposits, Q-52-53 (Verkhoyansk) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: Q-52-53 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Leningrad Publisher: Department of Geology of the U.S.S.R., All-Union Geological Research Institute VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpakov, 1982 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kolpakov, V.V. Publication_Date: 1985 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposits, Q-54-55 (Khonuu) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: Q-54-55 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Leningrad Publisher: Department of Geology of the U.S.S.R., All-Union Geological Research Institute VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpakov, 1985 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Morozova, L.M Publication_Date: 1986 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposits, Q-56-57 (Srednekolymsk) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: Q-56-57 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Leningrad Publisher: Department of Geology of the U.S.S.R., All-Union Geological Research Institute VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mrozova, 1986 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kolpakov, V.V. Publication_Date: 1990 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposits, R-53-(55) (Deputatsky) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: R-53-(55) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: Committee for Geology and Applied Mineral Resources of the Russian Federation, Cartographic Company VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpakov, 1990 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ivanenko, G.V. Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Map of Quaternary Formations, R-(55)-57 (Nizhnekolymsk) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: R-(55)-57 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: Department of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Cartographic Company VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ivanenko, 1998 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Bashlavin, D.K. Originator: Borisova, T.P. Publication_Date: 1988 Title: Map of Quaternary Deposit, S-47-49 (Ozero Taymyr) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: S-47-49 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: Department of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Cartographic Company VSEGEI Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bashlavin and Borisova, 1988 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Vanin, A.L. Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Map of Quaternary Formations, S-50-52 (Bykovsky) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: S-50-52 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: Department of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, Cartographic Company VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Vanin, 2000 Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ivanenko, G.V. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Map of Quaternary Formations, S-53-55 (Novosibirskiye Ostrova) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: New Series Issue_Identification: S-53-55 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg Publisher: Department of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, State scientific research enterprise Aerogeology. Cartographic Company VSEGEI Other_Citation_Details: In Russian Source_Scale_Denominator: 1:1,000,000 Type_of_Source_Media: scanned paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ivanenko, 1995 Process_Step: Process_Description: Paper maps were scanned and imported in ESRI ArcMap. We used the coordinate grid printed on the maps as reference for georeferencing each map. We georeferenced all digital maps in a Gauss-Kruger projection with geodetic datum Pulkovo 1942. Each map tile has a different Gauss-Kruger zone depending on its longitudinal location, ranging from 130-300 RMS. The georeferenced maps were loaded into ArcGIS 9.3.1 software for digitizing the 11 geologic quadrangle maps in east central Siberia that contain Yedoma deposits. Each digital map was processed to extract geologic contacts from the rest of the map. The ArcScan tool in ArcGIS was used to automatically trace each raster contact into a vector line to allow snapping to the contact center line during digitization. The digitized lines were edited on screen to remove text, map patterns and the occasional contour lines that were automatically converted to lines. Dangling lines were removed and all lines were checked to ensure proper polygon topology. Once the line feature class was created, a point feature class was created to contain attribution for polygons. The line and point feature classes were used in the Feature to Polygon tool to create the geologic polygons. Polygons containing Yedoma deposits were extracted from the geologic map feature class into a polygon feature class containing only Yedoma deposits. Theses feature classes were projected into a North Pole Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection to maintain consistent area measurements across the entire region. The newly projected polygon feature classes were then merged into a single feature class. We maintained all attribute information for each individual polygon from its original Russian source map, geologic unit and quadrangle map name. We also calculated area in km2, perimeter in km for each polygon. Process_Date: 2012 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Joel E. Robinson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 345 Middlefield Road Address: MS 910 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650.329.5322 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650.329.5203 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrobins@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: Please contact via e-mail Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 3935 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Lambert_Azimuthal_Equal_Area: Longitude_of_Projection_Center: 0.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Center: 90.000000 False_Easting: 0.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Resolution: 0.000100 Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: SiberianYedomaPolys Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: GeneticTyp Attribute_Definition: The lithology and stratigraphy for each GeneticTyp unit is described in the attached GeologicUnit table. Attribute: Attribute_Label: MapName Attribute_Definition: Russian Quaternary Geologic Map Title. Attribute: Attribute_Label: lithID Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier used for database relationship with GeologicUnits.dbf Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SquKilomet Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The metadata file was written to provide an overview for the database. For more informative descriptions of the GeneticTyp attributes, please see the attached GeologicUnit table. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Denver Federal Center Address: Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303.202.4200 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1.800.ASK.USGS Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303.202.4695 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ESRI shapefile File_Decompression_Technique: WinZip Transfer_Size: 10.227 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1078/ Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20130124 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Joel E. Robinson Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 345 Middlefield Road Address: MS 910 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650.329.5322 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650.329.5203 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jrobins@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: Pleae contact via e-mail Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile