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Prepared in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, and Jilin University

Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia

Edited by Warren J. Nokleberg

Executive Summary The major purpose of this volume is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the regional geology, tectonics, and metallogenesis of Northeast Asia for readers who are unfamiliar with the region and for researchers who desire detailed information on the region. The major parts of the volume are (1) an introductory chapter; (2) a chapter on methodology of regional metallogenic and tectonic analysis; (3) a chapter on mineral deposit models for the region; (4) five chapters that describe the regional metallogenesis and tectonics of the region from the Archean through the Present for successive time stages; (5) a chapter on a metallogenic and tectonic model for the region; and (6) three appendixes, including on a description of the project and products, a description of map units for the Northeast Asia geodynamics map, and a summary table of metallogenic belts for the region. An important goal of the volume is to demonstrate how a high-quality metallogenic and tectonic analysis, including construction of an associated metallogenic-tectonic model, greatly benefits other mineral resource studies by (1) synthesizing of mineral-deposit models, (2) improving prediction of undiscovered mineral deposits as part of quantitative mineral-resource-assessment studies, (3) assisting land-use and mineral-exploration planning, (4) improving knowledge of regional geology; (5) improving interpretations of the origins of host rocks, mineral deposits, and metallogenic belts, and (6) suggesting new research. Research on the metallogenesis and tectonics of such major regions as Northeast Asia requires a complex methodology including (1) definitions of key terms, (2) compilation of a regional geologic base map that can be interpreted according to modern tectonic concepts and definitions, (3) compilation of a mineral-deposit database that enables a determination of mineral-deposit models and clarification of the relations of deposits to host rocks and tectonic origins, (4) synthesis of a series of mineral-deposit models that characterize the known mineral deposits and inferred undiscovered deposits in the region, (5) compilation of a series of metallogenic-belt belts constructed on the regional geologic base map, and (6) construction of a unified metallogenic and tectonic model. The Northeast Asia study area consists of eastern Russia (most of eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East), Mongolia, northern China, South Korea, Japan, and adjacent offshore areas. Major cooperative agencies are the Russian Academy of Sciences; the Academy of Sciences of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia); VNIIOkeangeologia and Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation; the Mongolian Academy of Sciences; the Mongolian University of Science and Technology; the Mongolian National University; Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; the China Geological Survey; the Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources; the Geological Survey of Japan/AIST; the University of Texas, Arlington; and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This study builds on and extends the data and interpretations from a previous project on the Major Mineral Deposits, Metallogenesis, and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera conducted by the USGS, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, and the Geological Survey of Canada. The major products of the Northeast Asia project are described in appendix A.

Last modified April 5, 2010 First posted January 15, 2010 Full Report Report PDF (630 p.; 41.5 MB) Individual Chapters (PDF) Front material: This file contains the covers, title pages, and Contents (8 p.; 0.7 MB) Chapter 1 (36 p.; 6.3 MB) Chapter 2 (18 p.; 1.1 MB) Chapter 3 (76 p.; 4.0 MB) Chapter 4 (56 p.; 3.7 MB) Chapter 5 (72 p.; 4.8 MB) Chapter 6 (56 p.; 3.7 MB) Chapter 7 (56 p.; 3.5 MB) Chapter 8 (138 p.; 10.7 MB) Chapter 9 (56 p.; 6.1 MB) Appendix A (14 p.; 0.7 MB) Appendix B (12 p.; 0.3 MB) Appendix C (32 p.; 1.1 MB) This report is also available on CD-ROM from: USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 telephone: 888 ASK-USGS; e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov This report supersedes USGS Open-File Report 2007-1183. For additional information: Contact Information, Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center, Menlo Park Office U.S. Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Road, MS 901 Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591 http://minerals.usgs.gov/west/ This report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.

Suggested citation:

Nokleberg, W.J., ed., 2010, Metallogenesis and tectonics of northeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1765, 624 p.

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction, by Leonid M. Parfenov, Gombosuren Badarch, Nikolai A. Berzin, Duk Hwan Hwang, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Mikhail I. Kuzmin, Warren J. Nokleberg, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Sergey M. Rodionov, Alexander P. Smelov, and Hongquan Yan

Chapter 2. Methodology of a Combined Regional Metallogenic and Tectonic Analysis for Northeast Asia, by Warren J. Nokleberg, Thomas K. Bundtzen, Kenneth M. Dawson, Roman A. Eremin, Nikolai A. Goryachev, Alexander I. Khanchuk, James W. H. Monger, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Leonid M. Parfenov, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Vladimir V. Ratkin, Sergey M. Rodionov, and Vladimir I. Shpikerman

Chapter 3. Mineral-Deposit Models for Northeast Asia, by Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Sergei M. Rodionov, Sodov Ariunbileg, Gunchin Dejidmaa, Elimir G. Distanov, Dangindorjiin Dorjgotov, Ochir Gerel, Duk Hwan Hwang, Fengyue Sun, Ayurzana Gotovsuren, Sergei N. Letunov, Xujun Li, Warren J. Nokleberg, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Zhan V. Seminsky, Akexander P. Smelov, Vitaly I. Sotnikov, Alexander A. Spiridonov, Lydia V. Zorina, and Hongquan Yan

Chapter 4. Archean through Mesoproterozoic Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia, by Alexander P. Smelov, Hongquan Yan, Vladimir F. Timofeev, Andrei V. Prokopiev, and Warren J. Nokleberg

Chapter 5. Neoproterozoic through Silurian Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia, by Nikolai A. Berzin, Elimir G. Distanov, Onongyn Tomurtogoo, Vladimir F. Timofeev, Andrei V. Prokopiev, and Warren J. Nokleberg

Chapter 6. Devonian through Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia, by Gombosuren Badarch, Gunchin Dejidmaa, Ochir Gerel, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Vladimir F. Timofeev, and Warren J. Nokleberg

Chapter 7. Late Carboniferous through Early Jurassic Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia, by Sergey Dril, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Sergey M. Rodionov, Vitaly I. Sotnikov, Alexander M. Spiridonov, Zhan V. Seminsky, Vladimir F. Timofeev, Andrei V. Prokopiev, and Warren J. Nokleberg

Chapter 8. Middle Jurassic through Quaternary Metallogenesis and Tectonics of Northeast Asia, by Sergey M. Rodionov, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Zhan V. Seminskiy, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Vladimir F. Timofeev, and Warren J. Nokleberg

Chapter 9. Tectonic and Metallogenic Model for Northeast Asia, by Leonid M. Parfenov, Nikolai A. Berzin, Gombosuren Badarch, Valentina G. Belichenko, Alexander N. Bulgatov, Sergey I. Dril, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Galina L. Kirillova, Mikhail I. Kuz’min, Warren J. Nokleberg, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Sergey M. Rodionov, Christopher R. Scotese, Vladimir F. Timofeev, Onongyn Tomurtogoo, and Hongquan Yan

Appendix A. Description of the Northeast Asia Project and Associated Products, by Warren J. Nokleberg, Leonid M. Parfenov, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Mikhail I. Kuzmin, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Sergey M. Rodionov, Alexander P. Smelov, Gombosuren Badarch, Hongquan Yan, Duk Hwan Hwang, and Masatsugu Ogasawara

Appendix B. Description of Map Units for Northeast Asia Summary Geodynamics Map, by Leonid M. Parfenov, Gombosuren Badarch, Nikolai A. Berzin, Duk Hwan Hwang, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Mikhail I. Kuzmin, Warren J. Nokleberg, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Sergey M. Rodionov, Alexander P. Smelov, and Hongquan Yan

Appendix C. Summary of Major Metallogenic Belts in Northeast Asia (the Russian Far East, Yakutia, Siberia, Transbaikalia, Northern China, Mongolia, South Korea, and Japan), by Sergey M. Rodionov, Alexander A. Obolenskiy, Elimir G. Distanov, Gombosuren Badarch, Gunchin Dejidmaa, Duk Hwan Hwang, Alexander I. Khanchuk, Masatsugu Ogasawara, Warren J. Nokleberg, Leonid M. Parfenov, Andrei V. Prokopiev, Zhan V. Seminskiy, Alexander P. Smelov, Hongquan Yan, Yuriy V. V. Davydov, Valeriy Yu. Fridovskiy, Gennandiy N. Gamyanin, Ochir Gerel, Alexei V. Kostin, Sergey A. Letunov, Xujun Li, Valeriy M. Nikitin, Vladimir V. Ratkin, Vladimir I. Shpikerman, Sadahisa Sudo, Vitaly I. Sotnikov, Alexander V. Spiridonov, Vitaly A. Stepanov, Fengyue Sun, Jiapeng Sun, Weizhi Sun, Valeriy M. Supletsov, Vladimir F. Timofeev, Oleg A. Tyan, Valeriy G. Vetluzhskikh, Koji Wakita, Yakov V. Yakovlev, and Lydia M. Zorina