Date,Time HST,Lat deg,Lat min,Lon deg,Lon min,Region,Pref. Depth,M other,M other source,M pref,M pref source,I max,Location/felt report,Comment
11/01/1790,,,,,,kilauea,,,,6.4,int,VII-VIII,"The natives say that in the days of Kamehameha, 80 shocks were felt in one day, some of them so hard as to throw down houses. This was soon followed by an eruption of the volcano which destroyed some lives and did much damage. . . .","Martin, 1979, p. 71; minimum magnitude of largest event estimated from intensity"
8/31/1821,19:00,,,,,west hawaii,,,,5.3,int,V,  . . . at 7 pm we had a very smart shock of an earth quake. . . . [p. 8],"Young, 1801 [Note: Young was living in west Hawaii; journal page labeled 1821, but day/date do not agree with perpetual calendar. If day is accepted, then date is Aug. 31, 1821.]; intensity interpreted from ""smart"" as used in Lyman diary"
6/01/1823,22:00,,,,,kl sf,,~7,W&K,7,w&k,IX (S&C),"Graben on Kilauea's lower SW rift formed two months before Ellis visit on July 31; felt at Kaimu (Puna) where it formed a crack one foot wide; seawater entered a freshwater well; stone wall, 4 ft thick, 6 ft high, thrown down; no mention of tsunami","Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992, App. 3, p. 57; Ellis/1825; Stover and Coffmann, 1993"
7/10/1823,,,,,,,,,,,,,Eruption on Kilauea's southwest rift zone (Great Crack) described as occurring three weeks before Ellis' visit. [Note: this possibly dates the end of the eruption. The beginning might have been close to the time of the large earthquake],"Ellis, 1825"
1/6/1825,23:30,,,,,kona?,,,,6.2,int,VII,"a heavy shock at Kaawaloa, preceded by rumbling; motion so rapid that it woke us from sleep and shook us violently; standing persons thrown suddenly to the earth, lying persons tossed from side to side; acc by landslides from Kealakekua pali","Ely, 1825, p. 686-687; stationed at Kaawaloa, now Kealakekua Bay"
1/7/1825,2:00,,,,,kona?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,At the hours of 2 and 3 the same night two others were experienced much lighter than the one before described. The vibrations of the earth were from the North east to the south west terminating suddenly like the motion of a carriage slipping on a pavement.,"Ely, 1825, p. 686-687; aftershocks? Intensity assumed strong enough to waken people"
1/7/1825,3:00,,,,,kona?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,do,do
9/6/1825,11:59,,,,,maui?,,,,5.9,int,VI," . . . there was a shock of an earthquake perceived here [Lahaina, Maui] which though not considerable was nonetheless sufficient to alarm the people . . . Not reported elsewhere on Maui. [no time given]","Richards, 1825; stationed at Lahaina, Maui     "
1/9/1826,6:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V," . . . a little before sunrise, we had a considerable smart shock of an earthquake. I first perceived by the trembling or shaking of things in the house and was soon followed by a shock that made crockery rattle considerable. The whole duration was perhaps 8 or 10 seconds.","Goodrich, 1826; stationed at Hilo, Hawaii"
11/5/1827,1:59,,,,,hawaii,,,,5.3,int,V,Last night we were awakened from our quiet slumbers by the shock of an earthquake. It was much lighter than what is often expressed in this island though it shook our house very sensibly [time assumed],"Ely, 1825, p. 686"
4/12/1829,11:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V," . . . We were somewhat alarmed by the sudden convulsion of the earth, the rushing [of] our house over us, & the rattling of the crockery, a slight shock of an earthquake, which we occasionally experience at this place. They are so common here & so slight that they are not much thought of by the natives: it continues by a few seconds quite severe to many that we have experienced here before. [no time given]","Goodrich, 1829 [letter to Jeramiah Ewarts dated Apr. 12, 1829 from J. Goodrich's journal at Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI)]"
8/26/1829,10:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV," . . . A slight shock of earthquake on the 26 [assume Aug.], 10 am.","Goodrich, 1829 [letter to Jeramiah Ewarts dated Sept. 25, 1829 from J. Goodrich's journal at Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI); we assume from comment above that Goodrich reports only intensity IV or larger events"
9/24/1829,11:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV, . . . Another earthquake occurred on the 24th. [no time given],"Goodrich, 1829 [letter to Jeramiah Ewarts dated Oct. 2, 1829 from J. Goodrich's journal at Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI)]; do"
11/22/1829,14:00,,,,,south hawaii,,,,5.3,int,V-VI (Kiluea); IV (Hilo)," . . . On the 22nd 2 o'clock pm another shock of an earthquake, & as I afterwards was informed that Mr. Anderson & Green were down at the bottom of the crater [Kilauea], & that many rocks & stones were precipitated from the walls at the sides of the crater. . . .;  . . . we felt a slight shock of an earthquake which rattled the stones down the mountain. . . .  ","Goodrich, 1829 [letter to Jeramiah Ewarts dated Dec. 8, 1829, from J. Goodrich's journal at Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI)]; Green, 1829 [Journal entry dated Dec. 22, 1829-note discrepancy of date with Goodrich's journal entry for what is presumed to be the same event]; high intensity at Kilauea suggests high intensity at Hilo by analogy with modern events"
6/5/1830,20:00,,,,,maui?,,,,,,III, Slight shock of an earthquake in the evening.,"Green, 1830 [Journal entry dated June 5, 1830 from Lahaina, Maui]"
1/10/1832,11:00,,,,,kl sf,,,,5.6,int,V-VI? (Hilo)," . . . Tuesday noon and evening [Jan 10] were the two severest shocks. The evening was harder than at noon [see below]. . . .;   . . . one strong shock, accompanied by an eruption lighting the heavens . . . ; . . .Next day [Jan. 10] at 11 O.C. A.M. a smart shock of an earthquake . . . ","Dibble, 1832 [letter to Samuel Ruggles from Hilo?, HI dated Jan. 14, 1832]; 1839; Green, 1832 [letter to Levi Chamberlain from Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI) dated Jan. 7, 1832]; 1833"
1/10/1832,18:00,,,,,kl sf,,,,6.2,int,VII (Puna); VI (Hilo)," . . . I was then in Hilo, the nearest station to the volcano of Kilauea. In the after-part of the day we experienced several earthquakes, and about six o'clock we felt a shock so severe as induced us to leave our house for the night. The trembling, heaving, rocking, and undulating movements of the convulsed earth, produced sensations that are altogether indescribable. The foundations underneath us seemed to be uncertain and treacherous. But, to add immeasurably to the awe and grandeur, the whole heavens, in the direction of the volcano, were intensely lighted. . . .; see also bib","Dibble, 1839"
1/10/1832,18:00,,,,,do,,,,6.2,do,do,". . . just at dark, another, which for duration seemed like all that I had ever felt united in one. Then it was, I doubt not, that the eruption took place. . . .;  . . . We have heard since the earthquakes of one or more rents made in the earth in the district of Puna about one days walk distant from this place. An enclosure of stones in which hogs were kept was leveled with the ground and a house fell in the neighborhood.; see also bib","Green, 1832; Dibble, 1832 [letter to Samuel Ruggles from Hilo?, HI dated Jan. 14, 1832]; Tomlinson, 1833; see entry for 11/12/1834"
1/10/1832,18:00,,,,,do,,,,6.2,,,"Eruption at Kilauea's summit on Byron's ledge;  . . . It seemed like billow upon billow of flaming fire rolling through the whole arch of heaven. Though at the distance of 40 miles, the light was sufficient to convert night into day. The heavens on fire above us, and the earth treacherous beneath our feet, was a scene too awful and majestic to be enjoyed. . . .","Dibble, 1839"
1/10/1832,,,,,,kl cal 0-5?,,,,3.8,int,IV,"  . . . We have been shaken over the pit, over a lake of fire. During the day and evening of Tuesday last [Jan. 10, at Hilo] we experienced six earthquakes and several since . . .;  Within several miles of the volcano the earth broken into deep chasms; within a half mile of the crater the earth had sunk about 18 in, and from there to the crater's edge the ground was so rent into chasms as to be almost impassable ","Dibble, 1832 [letter to Samuel Ruggles from Hilo?, HI dated Jan. 14, 1832]; Dibble, 1839, p. 49-52 [earthquake swarm implies possible east rift intrusion; cracking and subsidence of Kilauea caldera implies sub-caldera shock] "
6/20/1832,,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa summit eruption,"Goodrich, 1833; Gower, 1886"
6/21/1832,,,,,,ml mok?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V?,"Quake felt in Kona. We hear of the breaking out of a new volcano near the center of the island, this was followed by a shock of earthquake","Makua Laiana, Doyle page 39. 7/9/1832 [date of earthquake guessed as the day following the eruption]"
6/30/1833,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes:2 slight shocks during the month [first entry in Lyman Diary];   . . . We have felt no earthquakes during the last year except two shocks, both slight . . .","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Tomlinson, 1833 [letter to Mrs. Hale from Hilo, HI dated Aug. 8, 1833]; intensities labeled ""Cox"" and expressed as decimal numbers are those estimated by Doak Cox from published descriptions, used here by permission"
10/03/1833,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.9,int,6.0 (Hilo-Cox); VI (Hilo-quite heavy),"Lyman notes:2 shocks in the night, one of them quite heavy; October 3, 1833. . . . Last night two shocks of earthquake were felt at this station [Hilo], one was quite heavy.  [time assumed]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Martin, 1979, p. 58; see entry for 11/12/1834"
10/13/1833,15:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.3,int,5.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: one at 3 o'clock pm rather heavy. Motion up and down; a shock at 3 o'clock pm, motion quick, up and down","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
2/19/1834,18:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.9,int,VI (Hilo); 5.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K; S&C) ,"Lyman notes: a shock so heavy, at 6 pm, as to throw down stone walls, throw cream off the milk, and upset small jars, etc.; at 6 pm there was a slight shaking of the earth, which was almost instantaneously followed by a shock so heavty as to upset some things in the house, throw the cream off from milk standing in pans, and throw water out of a pitcher standing in a wash-bowl.","[Table 4 of W&K lists an earthquake on 9/19 at 1800, citing the text as a reference--could not find, probably a misprinted repeat of the 2/19/34 event]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264; PCA, 05/02/1868, p. 3 also mentions this as an event comparable to 1868. [We assign this event to Kilauea's south flank because of the close intervals between phases of the shaking felt at Hilo]; see entry for 11/12/1834  "
2/19/1834,18:00,,,,,do,,,,5.9,do,do,"Lyman notes: . . . at the dinner table tonight, we experienced a severe shock of earthquake. . . we [first] heard a rustling among the thatch . . . instantly followed by a heavy shaking, which lasted some seconds and abated [soon followed] by a more powerful shaking. Everything . . . in commotion around us, and our little cottage shook so terribly that I, fearful it would be down on our heads, sprang from my chair and ran out of doors and husband followed. I looked . . . toward the houses of Mr. Dibble and Goodrich to see if they were standing, for it appeared to me that they could not stand the shock. Things standing on the bureau were upset but nothing was precipitated to the ground. The walls of Mr. Dibble's house were somewhat injured. Mr. Goodrich's sustained no injury though it is a two story building with a cellar under the whole of it. All the cream was thrown out of the pans of milk standing in their cellar. The undulations were from north to south and lasted some seconds and were rather gentle at first. . . .""","Martin, 1979, p. 64"
2/19/1834,21:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: About 9 in the evening there was another slight shock; at 9 o'clock in the evening there was again a shaking of the earth which lasted only a few seconds,"[aftershock?]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
5/14/1834,14:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,6.0 (Hilo-Cox); V-VI,Lyman notes: a heavy shock between 2 and 3 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
8/3/1834,4:00,,,,,hawaii deep?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K),"Lyman notes: One at near four AM so heavy as to awaken nearly everyone; felt in Waimea 2 or 3 hours before light (the same time as shock felt in Hilo), heaviest since station was occupied.; one shock felt in Kailua [prob. 4 a.m.]","[Table 4 of W&K lists quake on 8/3 at 4 am (listed this way in Lyman, 1859) and 8/31 at 12:04 am--only one quake on 8/31 at 4 am listed in Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Martin, 1979, p. 71; see entry for 11/12/1834"
8/3/1834,18:59,,,,,north hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V?," . . a heavier one in the evening, total of eight for the day. [time assumed]","Martin, 1979, p. 71; see entry for 11/12/1834"
11/12/1834,,,,,,,,,,,,,"[p. 1733] . . . So dreadful have been the shocks [his underline] to which the land has been subjected during the last two years, that it is a matter of surmize that our congregations have not all been shaken to pieces! . . .","Green, 1834 [Letter to Rev. R. Anderson, dated Wailuku, Maui, November 12, 1834]"
3/23/1835,9:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at nine A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
3/26/1835,18:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: Three successive shocks at six and a quarter P.M.; Three shocks following each other in quick succession at 25 minutes past 6 o'clock am [note time discrepancy-original accepted],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
7/21/1835,12:01,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox); III,Lyman notes: three shocks during the day [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Cox intensity is the total for three quakes"
7/21/1835,12:01,,,,,do,,,,4.5,,III,do [time assumed],do
7/21/1835,12:01,,,,,do,,,,4.5,,III,do [time assumed],do
9/06/1835,2:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock at 2 or 3 am,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
1/31/1837,11:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Two earthquakes at Hilo in January [1837; no date or time given]. [no time given],"Damon, 1950, p. 90 "
6/20/1837,18:40,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: A smart shock at 2 minutes before 7 PM [misprint? Lyman, 1859 gives time as 20 min before 7 PM]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
1/19/1838,0:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: A smart shock after 12 o¹clock midnight [Lyman, 1859 gives date as 1/12/1838] ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
1/29/1838,22:00,,,,,south hawaii??,,,,5.9,int,6.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: Three shocks in quick succession near 10 P.M. The two first heavy, the last slight; Three shocks in pretty quick succession a little past 10 o'clock pm","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
7/09/1838,8:30,,,,,south hawaii??,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock between 8&9 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
10/16/1838,11:59,,,,,south hawaii??,,,,,,III-IV; 2.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight jar [a jar merely] accompanied with a noise resembling the discharge of a distant cannon [no time given],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 264"
11/05/1838,9:59,,,,,kl ler?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox); III,"Lyman notes: three shocks during the day, one in the am, two in the PM [time assumed]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Cox intensity is the total for three quakes"
11/05/1838,14:59,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,III,"Lyman notes: three shocks during the day, one in the am, two in the PM [time assumed]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; do"
11/05/1838,14:59,,,,,do,,,,,,III,"Lyman notes: three shocks during the day, one in the am, two in the PM [time assumed]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; do"
11/06/1838,9:57,,,,,kl ler?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes: a shock a few minutes before 10 am,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
11/06/1838,23:45,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 1/4 before 12 M,"[Lyman, 1859 gives time as midnight]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
11/07/1838,3:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: another at 3 A.M.,"[Lyman, 1859 gives time as twenty past 3 am]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
11/07/1838,4:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: another about 4 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
11/08/1838,23:59,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: several shocks during the day and twelve distinct ones during the night;,"[suggests east rift intrusion leading to south flank release on 12/12/1838; this may explain why the eruption two years later, in April 1840, was nearly aseismic]; Lyman, 1859; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
11/13/1838,23:59,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: From the 8th to the 13th there were several shocks each day,"[suggests east rift intrusion leading to south flank release on 12/12/1838; this may explain why the eruption two years later, in April 1840, was nearly aseismic]; Lyman, 1859; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
11/17/1838,,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.9,int,VI,"Damon notes: Hilo, Nov. 17, 1838-- . . .P.S. We have had perhaps a hundred shocks of earthquakes during last week and the first of this week.; Jarves notes: At Hilo, in November, 1838, during the space of eight days, from forty to fifty shocks occurred. Twelve distinct ones were counted in one night. For two days and nights, the earth was in a state of continual agitation, the plants and flowers trembling like frightened animals. In some cases the motion was perpendicular, like that of a ship pitching, and attended by nosies and sensations similar to those produced by heavy waves striking against her sides, and some degree of nausea was felt. In others, the motion was lateral, easy, and undulating, unaccompanied by any sounds; Cheever notes: Forty or fifty shocks over eight days [Nov. 5-12] and twelve in one night [Nov. 8]","Damon, 1950, p. 164; Jarves, 1843; Cheever, 1871, p. 346 [quoting Rev. Mr. Lyman]; maximum intensity estimated"
11/26/1838,,,,,,,,,,,,, . . . The earthquakes are ceased and almost forgotten. . . .,"Lyman, 1838"
11/30/1838,23:59,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,,"Lyman notes: frequently during the whole month [November], none of them so heavy as to cause much alarm; none heavy, some accompanied by a rumbling sound, others by a noise like the rushing of water from a ship; one quite heavy, no date or time given; an earthquake in November 1838 was felt in Kona [check date] [suggests east rift intrusion leading to south flank release on 12/12/1838; this may explain why the eruption two years later, in April 1840, was nearly aseismic]; ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859; Jarves, 1843"
12/4/1838,11:59,,,,,kl sf?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: a slight shock, but decided and distinct; a distinct though not heavy shock [time assumed]","Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 [date misprinted as 1839]; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
12/7/1838,23:59,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,III,"Lyman notes: there were several shocks each day during the first week of Dec., none of them so heavy as to cause much alarm","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
12/9/1838,11:20,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock; one shock at 40 minutes before 12 at noon,"Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 [date misprinted as 1839]; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
12/10/1838,4:00,,,,,kl ler?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 4 AM; one shock,"Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 [date misprinted as 1839]; Lyman, 1859"
12/12/1838,13:00,,,,,kl sf,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); VI (W&K; S&C-Hilo),"Lyman notes: A tremendous [severe] shock at one o¹clock P.M. The doors and windows rattled and was difficult to walk (around) across the room. The little plants shook and trembled and a person walking near the house has to brace himself to keep his position. Stone walls were thrown down and the plastering in the house cracked [but no other damage done]; earthquakes frequent since 5 November; a severe shock on the 12th, terrifying the natives and throwing me off balance; two years ago a great rent was made in the ground [near site of 1840 eruption], and all the springs in the vicinity dried up","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 265; Martin, 1979, p. 103; Jarves, 1840"
12/12/1838,13:00,,,,,do,,,,6.1,do,do,". . . You are aware that we have earthquakes on this island The last time T. was in Puna [Dec. 1838] we experienced a shock which tore off plastering from our house, threw down stone walls, spilled milk out of pans, and water out of pails &c. We live in a twostory weak-framed house . . .","Coan, 1839 [letter from F. Coan to Maria C. Robinson from Hilo, HI dated Mar. 12, 1839]"
12/12/1838,11:59,,,,,kl sf?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a slight shock [time asumed],"Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 [date misprinted as 1839]"
2/18/1839,11:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a slight shock [time asumed],"Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34"
3/18/1839,11:59,,,,,hawaii,,,,6.1,int,VI-VII (Hilo?),"Lyman notes: severe, felt at Maui [time asumed]","Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34"
4/07/1839,12:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a pretty smart shock felt at noon [midday],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
2/01/1840,13:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (S&C),Lyman notes: A severe shock at 1 1/2 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
5/05/1840,16:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 4 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
5/30/1840,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Kilauea east rift eruption, summit to east cape. Jarves notes: It is singular that an eruption of this magnitude should occur without the slightest shock of an earthquake, at least none was noticed if any happened, which proves that this was the effect of no sudden, violent action, but one of long and gradual preparation; Coan notes: earthquake swarm felt in Puna, not Hilo; Wilkes notes: He cites native accounts regarding eight lava breakouts and 3 days of earthquakes before the eruption in Puna and the absence of earthquakes felt in Hilo ","Jarves, 1840; Coan, 1841; Wilkes, 1845; for a more complete description of earthquakes accompanying the eruption, see Coan (1840) entry for June 3. 1840"
6/1/1840,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Coan notes: eruption on June 1 began in an old crater [Alae], progressing 2 mi downrift [north side of Kane Nui o Hamo], thence to another wooded crater [Napau]","Coan, 1841"
6/3/1840,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Coan notes: [the eruption progressed] finally another 6-8 mi closer to the coast, where it broke out as an overwhelming flood, reaching the sea on June 3","Coan, 1841"
6/3/1840,,,,,,do,,,,,,III (Puna); I (Hilo),During the early part of the eruption slight & repeated shocks of earthquake were felt for several successive days near the scene of action. These shocks were not noticed at Hilo,"Coan, 1840"
9/30/1840,22:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 10 PM [day in September not specified],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
10/14/1840,20:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock between 8&9 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
12/18/1840,5:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.0 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K),Lyman notes: Two smart shocks about five A.M. waking us from sound sleep.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8"
3/11/1841,12:45,,,,,kona?,,,,6.1,int,VI-VII (Kona); IV (Hilo); 3.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: Two shocks one at 1/4 before one o¹clock, and the other at 20 minutes before two P.M. Motion up and down. - gently and easy; Forbes note: Today at a little past noon had a very severe shock of an earthquake, so severe that we all instinctively left the house fearing the result; earthquake March 1841 felt in Kona; On the 11th inst. two earthquakes were felt at Kailua, Hawaii--the first shock occurred 15 minutes before 10 o'clock [1 o'clock?], P.M. The second about half an hour later. Rev. Mr. Thurston states that they were the strongest that he has ever felt there. At Kealakekua much rock was thrown down from the pali ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Forbes, 1841, p. 93 [Forbes entry of March 12, 1841 from Kaawaloa, Kona]  [Forbes or Lyman date one day off?]; Jarves, 1843; Anonymous, 1841; analogy with May, 1952 Kona earthquake allows Hilo intensity to be IV"
3/11/1841,12:45,,,,,do,,,,6.1,do,do,"Cheever notes: The first time I felt a shock at these islands, it was in the house about noon, at Kohala; and I could not help going to the door after such a commotion, to see if there were no signs of sympathy with the laboring earth and the other elements. . . . and the throe had passed like an evil thought, which will sometimes dart across the mind and you are glad to have it go as quick as it came.","Cheever, 1871, p. 340, 343; date guessed from time and location/intensity"
3/11/1841,13:40,,,,,kona?,,,,5.7,int,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: two shocks; . . .  the other at 20 minutes before two p.m.; motion up and down, gentle and easy; Forbes note: In a short time afterward followed 3 others, at short intervals. ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Anonymous, 1841; Forbes, 1841, p. 93 [Forbes entry of March 12, 1841 from Kaawaloa, Kona]  (Forbes or Lyman date one day off?); aftershock; magnitudce adjusted down from mainshock"
3/11/1841,14:00,,,,,kona?,,,,3.8,int,IV (Kona),do,"Forbes, 1841, p. 93"
3/11/1841,14:30,,,,,kona?,,,,3.8,int,IV (Kona),do,"Forbes, 1841, p. 93"
4/05/1841,13:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V; 3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 1 1/2 P.M. undulations North and South; I was sitting in my room alone when I felt the premonitory shock. I arose and stepped to the verandah where the children were playing when there was such a violent shaking as to arrest them in their play and excite their fears. . . .   ,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Martin, 1979, p. 108"
4/07/1841,23:45,,,,,kl sf?,,,,6.5,k&w,VII (Hilo-W&K); VI (S&C); 6.9 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: The most severe shock we ever felt at 11 3/4 PM. Seams were opened in the plastering in every room in the house, and the whitewash scattered a foot or two from the walls. Every soul in the house was awaked and it seemed as if the house was really coming down on us. Milk was thrown out of pans and water out of a pail only half full. A little before one A.M. and again at two there were slight jars; stone walls thrown down, plastering cracked and chimney also. Milk thrown out of pans and water from a pail half full; Jarves notes: [at Hilo] In April, 1841, several more powerful shocks were experienced at the same place; one of which was quite severe. The houses were violently shaken, and had they not been constructed of yielding materials, would have been prostrated. The plastering was shattered, crockery were destroyed, milk thrown from pans, stone walls cast down, and other damage done. ; not reported felt at Kona or Oahu [see bib for detail]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8-9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265; Jarves, 1843; location inferred from Hilo high intensity and lack of reports from Honolulu or Kona, where intensities of VI or VII in Kona (as for an earthquake west of Kilauea's south flank) would have been noted; magnitude assigned by analogy with intensity map for the earthquake of March 30, 1954 (W&K)"
4/07/1841,23:45,,,,,do,do,do,do,6.5,do,do,"On the night of the 8th inst. we experienced a severe shock of earthquake and so much was I affected by it, I could not record it for several days and have not been able till last evening to write anyone about it. . . We felt the shock not far from 12. It was more severe than any former one. We arose and looked about the house and saw its effects on the plastering, milk etc. and retired. About 1 a.m. there was a jar and we sprang up expecting a heavy shock to follow but were disappointed, but our feelings had become too much excited to allow of our sleeping. We therefore dressed and sat up the remainder of the night, and never shall I forget how intensely I watched for the morning. . . I then raised the curtain of the children's bed and also of the crib, placing the latter near the door and kept myself in a situation to flee. . . Our plastering and chimney are cracked and some stone walls thrown down. It has been remarked by the natives that it was the most severe shock they ever felt. . . .","Martin, 1979, p. 108-109 [gives date of mainshock as 4/8; aftershocks would be 4/9]"
4/07/1841,23:45,,,,,do,do,do,do,6.5,do,do,"Cheever notes: One of the two shocks experienced at Hilo was in the night, when I was awakened by its jar, but the mind took no cognizance of it till it was passed. Its suddenness was like that of lightning . . . .","Cheever, 1871, p. 343; date guessed from time/intensity"
4/08/1841,0:55,,,,,kl sf?,,,,,,II-III,Lyman notes: a slight jar; a trembling of the earth,"[aftershock?]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265; Martin, 1979, p. 108-109"
4/08/1841,2:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,,,II-III,Lyman notes: a slight jar; at two there was another jar,"[aftershock?]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265; Martin, 1979, p. 108-109"
5/18/1841,0:30,,,,,oahu?,,,,5.3,int,V,"On Monday night last, between 12 and 1 o'clock [May 18 A.M.], a shock was experienced here of sufficient violence to shake a house and awake its inmates.","Anonymous, 1841"
5/28/1841,19:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight [not heavy] shock at 7 1/2 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
6/26/1841,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
7/03/1841,5:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock between 5 and 6 am,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
9/30/1841,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: one shock; time forgotten (no date given);  a smart shock in the night [no time or date],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
11/28/1841,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a  shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
2/14/1842,5:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock at five AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
8/15/1842,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
8/31/1842,21:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A shock at half past nine evening; not heavy,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
11/09/1842,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V (W&K); 5.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock in the night so heavy as to awaken us [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
1/09/1843,,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa summit (5 days) and north flank eruption (90 days),"Andrews, 1843; Coan, 1843"
3/6/1843,20:00,,,,,mauna loa,,,,4.5,int,IV-V," . . . The same evening [Mar. 6], after light, a smart shock of earthquake, which lasted 30 seconds . . .","Coan, 1843 [letter to Rev. R. Anderson dated Apr. 12, 1843 from T. Coan's letters from Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI)]"
3/08/1843,19:00,,,,,mauna loa?,,,,3.8,int,IV; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A shock at seven P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
3/12/1843,20:00,,,,,mauna loa,,,,3.8,int,IV,"On the eve of the 12 camped near the stream of new lava in full view of the new crater. At sunset we discovered a splendid comet in the west; and while gazing upon it, the earth began to rattle to & fro beneath our feet. We had a severe shake of earthquake the first I have felt--","Paris, 1843"
4/27/1843,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock in the night [time asumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
7/31/1843,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: two during the month-one in the night and the other in daytime,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
9/17/1843,18:45,,,,,ml wf?,,,,3.5,int,III-IV,While at our house up country on Sat. pm the 17th at 15m before 7 o'clock we had a smart shock of an earthquake. But here [Kailua] only 4 or 5 miles distant it was not felt. I have a curiosity to know if it was felt at other places. Did you feel it?,"Andrews, 1843"
12/15/1843,10:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock at 10 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
2/18/1844,18:30,,,,,kl sf?,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); VI (Puna); V (W&K; S&C),Lyman notes: A severe shock at 6 1/2 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
2/18/1844,18:30,,,,,do,,,,6.1,do,do,"Cheever notes: Another shock was more prolonged while we were at the supper-table. First, there was a premonitory jarring of the house, like as I had felt three times before; then a violent jerk, as if the house were heavily knocked in one corner, and the blow transmitted to the other until there was a recoil. Native houses were seen through the window to pitch and reel. Mr. Coan, who was absent on a tour [probably in Puna], and sitting at the time under some trees, said that they moved to and fro, and the leaves rustled as from the blow of a woodsman's ax. His little son insisted upon it, at first, that he felt something warm strike through him, but became convinced at length, that it was only the natural glow of excitement and alarm, which not boys only, but boys' parents too, and else is subject to when they hear the coarse rumble, and feel the fearful vibration of an earthquake. (p. 343).","Cheever, 1871"
9/01/1844,7:57,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI; 6.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a heavy shock a little before 8 AM; between 7 and 8 am,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265"
6/13/1845,6:30,,,,,hilea?,,,,5,k&w,V,"June 13, 1845--This morning at half past 6 o'clock we had the longest continued & perhaps the scariest earthquake we have ever felt. The house continued to shake or roll as if on a kind of cesaw [see-saw] rolling & turning from North to South which continued nearly a minute perhaps quite.","Paris, 1845; stationed at Waiohinu, Hawaii; region/magnitude assigned by analogy to earthquake of August 20, 1924 (W&K)"
12/21/1845,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a moderate shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
2/14/1846,7:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 7 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
6/15/1846,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: moderate shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
6/24/1846,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: moderate shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
3/29/1847,9:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a shock between 9 & 10 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
10/14/1847,15:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI; 6.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a heavy shock about 3 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265, [date given as 10/4]"
2/28/1848,17:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI; 6.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a heavy shock at 5 PM (date missing),"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
4/19/1848,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: two slight shocks at 8 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
7/09/1848,4:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); V ( S&C),Lyman notes: A severe protracted shock at a quarter past four morning,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265 [time given as 4:45 am]"
12/05/1848,20:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: A slight shock at 8 1/4 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 265 [time given as 8:15 am]"
5/25/1849,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mauna Loa summit eruption [date approx., before May 30]; [Kilauea's activity] was followed by the breaking out of a new volcano on the top of Mauna Loa, the light of which can be seen from the hills near this station [Waiohinu].","Kinney, 1849 [letter to Rufus Anderson dated May 30, 1849 from H. Kinney (continuation dated Jun. 1) at Waiohinu, HI]"
5/30/1849,21:59,,,,,hilea?,,,,5.3,int,V,Last night [May 30-Jun. 1] there was a shock of a earthquake which shook the house considerably. [time assumed],"Kinney, 1849 [letter to Rufus Anderson dated May 30, 1849 from H. Kinney (continuation dated Jun. 1) at Waiohinu, HI]"
7/15/1849,4:05,,,,,hilea?,,,,6.2,k&w,VII (Kau); VI (Kona); V (Hilo) ," During his [Dr. Wetmore's] absence [June-August] we had quite a severe earthquake, severe I mean for this region. It did no injury but threw down a stone wall at Kau, which was strongly laid, and at Kealakekua rocked a stone church so much that it is feared it will fall down. It occurred a little past 4 in the morning while I was lying awake and rocked my bed at a rather uncomfortable rate. . . . It was supposed to last 10 or 12 seconds. slight shocks are common here but they seldom have one so heavy as this.","Wetmore, 1849 [Letter from L. Wetmore to Fanny dated Hilo, HI, Aug. 31, 1849]; date approximate; region/magnitude estimated from isoseismal map"
12/31/1849,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,Lyman notes: [no earthquakes reported during 1849],"Lyman, 1859, p. 266"
12/31/1850,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"During December 1850 . . . the occasional throe of an earthquake indicates that all subterranean action has not ceased. [following draining of lava from Kilauea's summit in spring, 1849?]","Wood, 1917, p. 113 [quoting letter from Titus Coan]"
12/31/1850,23:59,,,,,do,,,,,,,Lyman notes: only two shocks during the year; times not remembered],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
3/04/1851,0:05,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A moderate shock a little past [after] midnight,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 266 [date given as 5/4]"
5/11/1851,2:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: Slight shock at 2 in the morning,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
7/14/1851,10:20,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V-VI,Lyman notes: a heavy shock,"Perrey, 1860; Lyman, 1859, p. 266 [omitted from Wyss and others, 1992]"
8/7/1851,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mauna Loa summit eruption; begin Aug. 7 or 8, over in 3-4 or 12 days, according to different accounts","Anonymous, 1851; Coan, 1852"
8/21/1851,5:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III-IV,Lyman notes: a moderate shock towards morning [time assumed],"Perrey, 1860; Lyman, 1859, p. 266 [omitted from Wyss and others, 1992]"
2/17/1852,3:30,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mauna Loa summit eruption. Coan notes: Began at 3:30 AM, over within 24 hours; Dana notes: Dana remarks on the quietness of the outbreak in 1852, unaccompanied by earthquakes perceptible at the base of the mountain","Coan, 1852; Dana, 1852"
2/20/1852,,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa NE rift eruption begins; lasts for 20 days,"Coan, 1852"
3/31/1852,16:15,,,,,kaoiki??,,,,6.2,int,VII; 6.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A very severe shock 4 1/4 P.M; Warshauer notes:1852 eruption accompanied by earthquake shocks and detonations that shook the great island from summit to sea,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 266 [time given as 1:15 PM]; PCA, 11/20/1880, p. 2"
10/19/1852,4:45,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 3/4 A.M,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
3/02/1853,5:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 5 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 266 [time given as 5 PM]"
3/08/1853,11:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a smart shock-time forgotten; a slight shock [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 266"
3/11/1853,4:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 1/2 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
3/15/1854,11:59,,,,,kona?,,,,,,II-III,Two days since we had a slight shake of earthquake. [time assumed],"Paris, 1854 [Letter to Armstrong dated Kaawaloa, March, 17, 1854]"
3/16/1854,22:00,,,,,kona?,,,,,,II-III,Last night we had another about 10 o'clock.,do
3/17/1854,7:00,,,,,kona?,,,,3.8,int,IV,This morning a third about daylight. The last was the most powerful,do
8/26/1854,16:00,,,,,south hawaii??,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
10/29/1854,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: A smart shock at 8 1/2 P.M., the vibrations continuing several seconds; premonitory distinct","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9; Lyman, 1859, p. 266"
3/18/1855,20:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a smart shock; the vibrations continuing several seconds,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
5/24/1855,9:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A protracted & tolerably smart shock at 9 o¹clock A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
6/30/1855,16:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 1/2 P.M. [date in June omitted],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
8/03/1855,20:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: A tolerably smart shock at 8 1/2 P.M., motion up and down","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 9"
8/11/1855,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Eruption of Mauna Loa on Aug. 11; August 11, 1855. A new volcano in Mauna Loa; The eruption began on the evening of August 11 in Mokuaweoweo and was on the northeast rift by Aug. 14; Dana remarks on the absence of a seismic prelude to the eruption","Coan, 1856; Martin, 1979, p. 136; Anonymous, 1855; Dana, 1856"
9/17/1855,8:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 8 A.M.; a shock,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; Lyman, 1859, p. 266"
11/02/1855,7:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 7 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10"
1/08/1856,4:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10"
8/18/1856,1:00,,,,,mauna loa,,,,5.3,int,V,"Warshauer notes: On the night of the 18th of August an earthquake occurred in Kona, so severe as to wake the inhabitants from sleep.","PCA, 9/11/1856, p. 3"
11/04/1856,,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa NE rift eruption ends,not noted in PCA
7/08/1857,5:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at 5 1/2 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA [inc. correspondence from Hilo dated Jul. 17 in the Jul. 30 issue]"
7/30/1857,1:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); VI-VII; V (S&C),"Lyman notes: A severe shock at one in the morning, motion undulating; Warshauer notes: A few minutes past one o'clock this morning, the people of Hilo and of the surrounding districts were suddenly aroused from their usually quiet slumber by a very heavy quake of the earth which lasted for several seconds and was felt more severely than any we have had on this side of the island for a number of years past: during my residence on the island of nearly five years, I have not experienced its equal. No damage however was done though it created a little fright to those who had not previously experienced the effects of a heavy shock. The undulation of the earth was from west to east. . . . ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; PCA, 8/13/1857, p. 2"
8/30/1857,13:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at 1 1/2 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
9/09/1857,9:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A [short] smart shock at 9 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; Lyman, 1859, p. 266; not noted in PCA"
3/31/1858,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock-time forgotten (no date given),"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10"
4/30/1858,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI; 6.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a protracted and rather heavy shock (no date or time given),"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
6/08/1858,3:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,3.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at 3 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; Lyman, 1859, p. 266 [time given as 3 PM]; not noted in PCA"
7/05/1858,2:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a smart jar before morning; a smart shock or jar,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; Lyman, 1859, p. 266; not noted in PCA"
7/25/1858,11:59,,,,,maui east,,,,3.8,int,IV (Hana); III (Oahu),"felt in Honolulu; Warshauer notes: . . . quite a smart shock of an earthquake was experienced in the districts of Hana and Koolau, East Maui. Dishes clattered, and furniture sensibly vibrated. It was not noticed in other parts of Maui, nor at Kohala. [no time given]","Perrey, 1861; PCA,  8/5/1858, p. 2"
1/23/1859,16:00,,,,,,,,,,,,Eruption began at the summit on January 23 and died quickly. The summit activity was followed on January 24 by breakout lower down and flow to the northwest; Warshauer notes: eruption began at 4 pm on Sunday the 23rd; We cannot learn that this eruption was accompanied by earthquakes or any premonition or disturbance in the volcanic elements.,"[Mauna Loa north flank eruption begins] Lyman, H.J., 1859; PCA, 1/27/1859, p.2; PCA, 2/3/1859, p. 2"
3/17/1859,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Warshauer notes: The 1859 lava was still flowing. We have not felt the earthquake for some days past. Previously we had a little shake or two almost every day, and two or three that were quite severe.","PCA, 3/31/1859, p. 2 [A correspondent from Kona, dated 3/17]"
7/06/1859,14:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,3.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock in PM [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
7/16/1859,23:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a smart shock at 11 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
11/21/1859,2:25,,,,,alenuihaha?,,,,5.9,k&w,"VI (Kawaihae, Waimea); IV (Honolulu); 3.8 (Cox-Honolulu); 5.5 (Cox-Hilo); V (S&C-Hilo)","Lyman notes: A smart shock at 3 A.M. The trembling continued unusually long after the shock; Cox notes: Int 3.8 in Honolulu; felt Maui; severe in Kawaihae; Warshauer notes: felt by several on Oahu as a severe shock, sensation of being taken by the shoulders and shaken, persons awakened; felt very sensibly at Lahaina and Kawaihae (strongest in years); The shock was felt here [Waimea] about three o'clock on the morning of Monday, the 1st of November [other reports place it on Nov. 21], and lasted about 10 seconds. It was preceded by a heavy rumbling sound, like distant thunder, which lasted about the same length of time.","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10 [time given as 3 am]; Cox, 1986; PCA, 11/24/1859, p. 2; PCA, 12/01/1859, p. 2; PCA, 12/15/1859, p. 2 [date given as 11/1]; region/magnitude estimated from isoseismal map; analogy to earthquake of 3/19/1926 (W&K)"
11/21/1859,2:55,,,,,alenuihaha?,,,,5.3,int,VI? (Waimea),"Warshauer notes: Nor was that all: about a half an hour after we felt another, not quite so severe, but it made the tree tops tremble. As there was no wind, we could hear the leaves shake over the house. The bed on which I slept shook like a man with the fever and ague. [no felt confirmation from elsewhere; local to Waimea?]","aftershock?; PCA, 12/15/1859, p. 2 [date given as 11/1]"
11/24/1859,,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa north flank eruption ends,
2/14/1860,15:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A moderate shock at half past three P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
6/01/1860,,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI,"Warshauer notes: On the 1st of June, at 3 o'clock A.M., we had a quite severe shock of an earthquake [at Hilo]. It awoke persons out of a sound sleep, and lasted about two minutes.","Perrey, 1867; PCA, 6/14/1860, p. 2"
6/08/1860,3:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 3 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
7/18/1860,16:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K; S&C),Lyman notes: A severe shock at 4 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
7/20/1860,21:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 9 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
7/26/1860,18:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 6 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
9/26/1860,11:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock about 11 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
11/17/1860,10:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 10 1/2 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
3/12/1861,10:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a smart shock at 10 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
6/01/1861,20:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,6.1,int,6.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K; S&C),"Lyman notes: Quite a severe shock at 8 1/2 P.M.; Warshauer notes: From Hawaii, we hear that three earthquakes have recently occurred on that island","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; PCA, 6/13/1861, p. 2"
8/09/1861,19:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at 7 1/2 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10"
12/05/1861,11:49,,,,,molokai?,,,,5.9,int,"VI (S&C; Hon, Lahaina); V (W&K-Hon and Maui); 5.0 (Cox-Hon)","Cox notes: felt Oahu and Maui but not Hawaii; awakened 'all hands' on Maui; probably Molokai-Lanai vic.; Warshauer notes: heavy eq on Oahu, 2 distinct shocks, felt with fright sitting/standing/walking, houses shaken, plaster fell; ink spilled at Lahaina; first quake lifted buildings/houses up and down, followed by e-w motion, shook windows/glassware/crockery as if under bombardment","Cox, 1986 [See his evaluation of the entire earthquake sequence]; Perrey, 1864; PCA, 12/12/1861;  Polynesian, 12/07/61"
12/15/1861,4:40,,,,,maui?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI,"A correspondent writing from Ulupalakua, E. Maui, says: There was a heavy shock of an earthquake here on Sunday morning December 15, at 20 minutes before 5 o'clock. it awoke all hands. [It was described as more intense than the shake of the previous Thursday].","Cox, 1986; PCA, 12/26/1861, p. 2"
12/15/1861,19:21,,,,,molokai?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI (Hon); V (Hon-W&K); 4.8 (Hon-Cox),"Cox notes (felt Oahu but not Maui; probably Molokai-Lanai vic.); Warshauer notes: On Sunday evening last, at about 21 minutes past seven o'clock, another severe shock was felt all over this island (Oahu). It consisted of ten or twelve very regular vibrations from East to West, felt equally by those sitting or walking. It was accompanied by a noise more distant than that which accompanied the shock of the 12th. Some persons felt an electric sensation in the knees. . . . some persons standing at the harbor-master's office, observed the fishes suddenly flying on the surface toward the sea . . . The schooners lying by the wharves were also set to rocking; water bubbled in harbor ","Cox, 1986; PCA, 12/26/1861, p. 2; Polynesian, 12/28/1861"
12/29/1861,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,"Warshauer notes: The earthquake was felt on Hawaii on Sunday night [12/29-30/1861], but the heaviest shocks were noticed on the following morning, which were unusually severe, even for that island, where they are of frequent occurrence. [time assumed]","PCA, 1/2/1862, p. 2"
12/30/1861,9:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI,"Warshauer notes: The earthquake was felt on Hawaii on Sunday night [12/29-30/1861], but the heaviest shocks were noticed on the following morning, which were unusually severe, even for that island, where they are of frequent occurrence. [time assumed]","PCA, 1/2/1862, p. 2"
1/29/1862,5:00,,,,,north hawaii??,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo; Maui)  ,"Perrey notes: an earthquake occurred around January 29, 1862, lasting more than 5 seconds; Warshauer notes: [letter from Hawaii] On the morning of the 29th January (one letter says the 29th another the 30th,) a few minutes after 5 o'clock, a very severe shock was felt--so heavy as to wake up all who were asleep, and set doors, windows, lamps, crockery, &c., into an unusual nervous state. One correspondent, writing from Maui, says: . . . . , the supply of earthquakes is fully up to demand. A fine sample was offered at 5 A.M. this morning, and there was a lively time among the spectators for about 20 seconds, which was met with a corresponding briskness among the lamps and crockery. . . . Another correspondent writing from Makawao, (Jan. 30,) says: At 5 o'clock this morning, we were pretty thoroughly shaken up by an earthquake. I had risen and was striking a light, so that I fully realized the movement . . . ","Perrey, 1864; PCA, 2/6/1862, p. 2"
1/29/1862,5:00,,,,,do,,,do,5.3,do,do,Warshauer notes: several severe shocks of earthquake felt on the Kona side of Hawaii during the past month,"PCA, 1/30/1862, p. 2"
2/07/1862,16:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at 4 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
4/27/1862,23:45,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at a quarter to 12 midnight.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
10/09/1862,15:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 3 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
10/09/1862,18:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 6 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
4/13/1863,10:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A slight shock at 10 1/4 A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
5/06/1863,15:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.9,int,6.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: Two heavy shocks at 3 1/2 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
6/01/1863,,,,,,,,,,,,,"extensive eruption in N. side of Kilauea crater in May or June; [A flow] broke out on the floor of the crater along the 'black ledge,' below the sulphur bank. The new lava stream runs thence north-easterly, crossing the path, and then goea around to the vicinity of the sulphur banks located on the opposite side of the crater from the summit house. . . .","VHR, v. 1, O.H. Gulick entry dated 2/2/1865; PCA, 7/2/1863, p. 2"
9/06/1863,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Crack opened in N. bank of Kilauea crater, varying from 6 to 8 ft in length, some miles in length; first noticed on Sept. 6, 1863","VHR, v. 1, O.H. Gulick entry dated 2/2/1865; not noted in PCA"
11/26/1863,3:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.9,int,6.0 (Hilo-Cox),"Lyman notes: A heavy shock at 3 1/2 A.M.; Warshauer notes: An unusually severe shock of occurred at Hilo, about 4 o'clock on the morning of the 26th--the heaviest that has been experienced there for many years.","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; PCA, 12/3/1863"
2/15/1864,12:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: One shock at 12 1/2 noon,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
5/14/1864,16:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A shock at 4 P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not noted in PCA"
3/03/1865,0:45,,,,,west hawaii deep?,40,,,6.5,k&w,VII (Kona); VI-VII (Pahala); V-VI (Maui); V-VI (Hilo); 6.0 (Hilo-Cox); V (Hon),"Warshauer notes: On Friday morning, March 3rd, about fifteen minutes before one o'clock, a very severe shock of an earthquake was felt [on Oahu], many being waked out of a sound sleep by it. It appears to have been accompanied by a noise like that of persons tramping heavily over the floor. The frame dwelling we occupy was shaken very sensibly. It continued an unusually long period, and the motion was heaving up and down, rather than sideways as it generally is; The earthquake noticed in our last issue, was felt on Maui, more distinctly than on this island. Many of the people were waked up by it. On Hawaii it was very severe. Mr. Paris writes, under the date of March 8--On Thursday night, the 2nd inst. about half past 12 o'clock, we had the hardest shake of earthquake I have experienced in 25 years [at Kaawaloa]. The plastering of our house is much damaged, and a great deal of stone wall in this region damaged.","PCA, 3/4/1865, p. 2, 3/11/1865, p. 2; region/magnitude assigned from isoseismal map; possible analog to earthquake of April 22, 1951, but at different epicenter"
3/03/1865,0:45,,,,,do,,,,6.5,do,do,"Warshauer notes: At 1 A.M. Friday, March 3, we were awakened from sleep by the most severe earthquake that we have ever experienced. The shock was accompanied by a heavy rumbling sound, which with the violent rattling of every door and window in the house, startled from their slumber twenty-four out of twenty-six inmates of our house. The first and most violent shock seemed to continue with a quick rumbling motion for half a minute after we were fairly awake. A few minutes later two slight shocks were noticed. A band-box which fell from a shelf, was the only article which was displaced in our house . . . A few persons ran out of their houses . . . The dogs of the village set of a most vigorous barking . . . The shock . . . was felt in Kona . . . ","PCA, 3/18/1865 [letter from missionary Gulick at Waiohinu dated Mar. 6, 1865]"
3/03/1865,0:45,,,,,do,,,,6.5,do,do," Warshauer notes cont.: [a native living in Keaiwa describes] the most violent earthquake he has ever experienced. He was up when [they] heard a loud report [followed by] slight shocks of the earthquake which increased in severity every shock for a minute or so, then passed off as it came, with slight shocks. [Dur 3 or 4 min], shock after shock shaking the house as if it would tear it from its foundation. Windows and doors rattling, and bottles falling. . . . great convulsions and noises in the earth right under our house. . . . After the hard shocks, it passed off gradually. Shortly after,  . . . a report as if something had come bounding up against the side of the mountain . .  till it reached us as another shock, but it did not continue very long. . . as many as five more slight shocks before morning! Our stone walls are tumbled down in six different places. Doors . . . shut as tight as could be, were opened; and the safe door . .  was unfastened . . . All over the house we find things thrown down and tipped over. . . ","PCA, 3/18/1865 [Gulick, 1863--report from missionary Gulick at Waiohinu]"
3/03/1865,7:00,,,,,do,,,,,do,do,Lyman notes: A heavy shock at 7 A.M.; VHR-no entry for this date [assume same quake as above but time given is that of documentation],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10"
7/17/1865,4:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: two shocks at 4 AM; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
8/26/1865,21:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A shock at 9 1/4 P.M.; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
9/14/1865,21:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV; 4.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A shock at 9 1/4 P.M.; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
12/11/1865,1:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V; 5.5 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: A smart shake at 1 1/2 A.M.; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
12/25/1865,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0 (Hilo-Cox),Lyman notes: a slight shock at 8 PM; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
12/30/1865,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mauna Loa summit eruption begins. Lyman notes: An eruption discovered on Mauna Loa [Dec. 29]; An eruption began in Mokuaweoweo on December 30, 1865, and was still continuing on February 27, 1866; not noted in VHR","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; Coan, 1866 "
4/28/1866,,,,,,,,,,,,,"Mauna Loa summit eruption ends; An eruption in Mokuaweoweo was first noticed from Hilo about the end of December 1865, and continued 4 months","Coan, 1867"
8/04/1866,11:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: Two slight shocks at 11 o¹clock A.M.; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
10/01/1866,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes: a protracted but not heavy shock at 8 o'clock PM; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
10/19/1867,11:40,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: A slight shock at 20 min to 12 [AM assumed]; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; not in PCA or HG"
10/30/1867,17:30,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V-VI,Lyman notes: A heavy shock at 5 1/2 P.M.; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; not in PCA or HG"
11/07/1867,2:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V,Lyman notes: a smart shock at 2 AM; VHR-no entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; not in PCA or HG"
12/29/1867,23:45,,,,,kaoiki??,,,,3.6,int,III,Lyman notes: At 11 3/4 P.M. a slight shock which was felt in Kau; not mentioned in VHR entry for this date,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; not in PCA or HG; magnitude assigned as < 4 by anaolgy with modern kaoiki earthquakes"
1/17/1868,11:59,,,,,hilea?,,,,,,3.0; L,VHR-no entry for this date; Williamson tabulates one light earthquake felt at Kona in January [see entry of 3/28/68 for the Williamson scale of intensities; time assumed] ,"Perrey, 1873; Williamson, 1869"
2/02/1868,0:00,,,,,hilea?,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,Lyman notes: a shock in the night [Feb. 1-2]; VHR-no entry for this date; Williamson tabulates one moderate earthquake felt at Kona in February [assume same date as Lyman entry],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
3/08/1868,11:59,,,,,hilea?,,,,5.3,int,V (Kona),"Warshauer notes: On Monday the 8th ult., a hard shake of earthquake passed through the Kona district, and caused the residents to believe that the volcano was preparing for another exhibition of pyrotechnics. [no time given]","PCA, 4/1/1868, p. 3"
3/27/1868,5:45,,,,,hilea?,,,,,,,"Mauna Loa summit eruption begins. Eruption at Mauna Loa summit began at 6:00 a.m. on March 27, and was over by 8:00 p.m. Fuming, but no glow, was seen advancing down the southwest rift zone until the 29th; Warshauer notes: Eruption was first seen on Thursday night [03/26--this is the earliest report of the summit eruption], seemingly near the 1859 vent; lasts one day; Williamson reports smoke at 5:45 am","Lyman, 1868; PCA, 4/1/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/27/1868,20:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,III (kau),"Warshauer notes: See entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59;  . . We have had over three hundred shocks of earthquake since Friday night [Mar. 27], some of which were terrible. . . ; [letter dated 29 March] At about 8 o'clock Friday evening we felt a slight shock of an earthquake [assume kau]. . . Since [then] we have had no less than three hundred! . . .; The earthquakes commence on Friday night [Mar. 27]; some say we had thirty or more shocks [that night]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [lead article; letter from Kau dated Mar. 29, 1868]; PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [letter from Kau];  [The felt earthquakes began in Kau more than twelve hours after the eruption began, and before being felt in Kona or Hilo. Probably, these accompanied down-rift migration of magma, as indicated above in the statement reporting migrating fume. Presumably, all of the quakes reported by Williamson (see below) were also felt in Kau]"
3/28/1868,10:15,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"Warshauer notes: [lead article] The earthquakes which commenced on Saturday [Mar. 28] were felt simultaneously in Kona, Kau and Hilo. At the latter place there were 30 shocks from Saturday [3/28] to Monday [3/30]; [Williamson letter datelined Kona, HI March 31] . . . After two or three delicate hints [slight earthquakes] we were first startled by a distinct shock of earthquake, which occurred at 10:15 am [Mar. 28]. From that time up to the time of sending this letter, we have had 123 distinct shakes, some being more violent than others. . . .","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [list of earthquakes on 3/28-31/1868, from Rev. C.G. Williamson]"
3/28/1868,13:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,III-V (kau),"Warshauer notes: Saturday morning [Mar. 28] I awoke about daylight [in Kau], and up to 1 pm I counted ninety-seven earthquakes; none were very severe, but their frequency frightened us.","PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [letter from Kau dated 3/29/1868]"
3/28/1868,13:15,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [list of earthquakes on 3/28-31/1868, from Rev. C.G. Williamson]"
3/28/1868,13:22,,,,,hilea,,,,6.1,int,6.5; VH,"no mention of earthquakes in VHR; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; felt-Volcano [Fornander speaks of the event at 1:28 (below) as being the first heavy shock, implying that some previous events were felt at Volcano]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [list of earthquakes on 3/28-31/1868, from Rev. C.G. Williamson]; Fornander, 1868"
3/28/1868,13:28,19,6,155,39,hilea,,7,W&K,7,w&k,IX (W&K); VIII (S&C); 7.5; VVH,"Lyman notes: Felt a shock of earthquake quite severe at 1 4/5 P.M. [the preceding one not felt in Hilo?]; . . . Saturday [3/28] is a day ever to be remembered here: in . . . less than half a day, there were 51 decisive shocks, one of which was the strongest shock that the oldest inhabitant has experienced. [It threw] down a portion of Kealakekua Pali, and overturning stone walls in certain places. This occurred at 1:28 pm; [footnote] This lasted for some time, causing everything to rock backward and forward;  . . . masses of rocks thrown off the pali at the bay, buildings seriously strained so as to alarm their inmates. Some stone buildings rendered unsafe. Cisterns of Kona plantation were cracked so as to be unfit for service . . . . Waiohinu, Kau seems more seriously shaken than Kona. . . . News via Hilo from there to Tuesday, 31st ult., says the earth has opened, and the people are going to a safer distance. . . . Stone house of Captain Brown [Kahuku] destroyed,  mission parsonage chimney thrown down, and stone church walls cracked. . . .","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [Williamson letter dated March 31; text and footnote to table]; do [letter following Williamson--first lines, including date, missing--reference is to events on 3/28-29]; Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; Intensity map in W&K"
3/28/1868,13:28,do,do,do,do,do,,do,do,7,do,do,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; We have been most thoroughly shaken up for the past two days, and still continue shaking [with over three hundred shocks of earthquake since Friday night [Mar. 27], some of which were terrible. . . . Walls were thrown down and houses moved from their foundations; the earth moved up and down so that walking was a difficult thing to accomplish, Capt. Brown's stone house at Kahuku is down. Mr Pogue's chimney was thrown down. The stream of water has increased one half . . ."," HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [letter from kau dated March 29]"
3/28/1868,13:28,do,do,do,do,do,,do,do,7,do,do,"Warshauer notes: . . . While at dinner [we assume this time as the most likely to fit other observations] we had a heavy shock--crockery jingled and the house creaked like a ship in a storm. I left the table . . . and we had a fearful shock. [I ran out of the house] while vases, books, boxes, lamps and dishes were falling about us. When we got out, walls were falling down with a thundering noise, and the air was filled with dust, the earth still quivering. In less than twenty-four hours we had over two hundred shocks. . . ; The most severe shock took place at a quarter of 2 o'clock yesterday afternoon [Mar. 28]. The earth moved like a troubled sea, and the wonder is that more damage was not done; We have had shocks ever since Saturday last, 28th March","PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [a correspondent,writing from Kau; letter from Kau, dated 3/29/1868; letter from Hilo dated 4/3/1868]"
3/28/1868,13:28,do,do,do,do,do,,do,do,7,do,do,"[at Volcano House] At 1:28 pm, (my watch), . . . the first heavy shock occurred, making me sway to and fro as if I had lost my footing, on a vessel's deck, rolling in a rough sea. [I saw the effects of] . . . the tumbling down of a portion of the southern wall of Kilauea crater] near the road to Kau; The first shock [1:28 pm] was felt throughout Kau, Puna and Hilo. At Keauhou, the ground shook continually all the afternoon on Saturday [March 28]. In Kau, the shock seemed to have been stronger the more southward you went. At Waiohinu it shook down walls, and cracked the stone church from top to bottom. At Kahuku, Capt. Brown's place, the dwelling house, cattle pens, stone walls, etc., were thrown flat on the ground-fortunately no one was hurt . . ."," HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
3/28/1868,13:51,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; locations are assigned to hilea as aftershocks of the M7 event, but these are mixed in with earthquakes associated with continuing intrusion down the Mauna Loa southwest rift zone"
3/28/1868,14:15,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,14:17,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,14:32,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,14:50,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,"[footnote to Williamson table] from 2:50 PM until 4 PM, the ground was incessantly rocking, being occasionally relieved by a more decisive shake, which I have noticed","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,14:57,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:04,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:16,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:18,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:20,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:26,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:27,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:30,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,V-VI (hilo); 5.5; H,"Lyman notes: Another hard one at 3 o¹clock [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28] ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 1868"
3/28/1868,15:36,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28],"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,15:50,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,do,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,16:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [footnote to Williamson table] from 2:50 PM until 4 PM, the ground was incessantly rocking, being occasionally relieved by a more decisive shake, which I have noticed; Continuous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 1868"
3/28/1868,16:02,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,16:10,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,16:15,,,,,hilea,,,,6.1,int,6.5; VH,"felt by Lyman in Hilo; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; Continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28]","Fuchs (1886); HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 1868"
3/28/1868,16:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,16:35,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,Continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28],"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 1868"
3/28/1868,16:37,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,do,do
3/28/1868,16:39,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,do,do
3/28/1868,16:50,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,do,do
3/28/1868,17:00,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,do,do
3/28/1868,17:05,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,do,do
3/28/1868,17:08,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]",do
3/28/1868,17:40,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,do,do
3/28/1868,18:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.9,int,"V (Kilauea summit, Hilo); 5.5; H","Lyman notes: another [hard one assumed] at 6; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [at Volcano House] At 5:55 pm, another smart shock occurred, longer in duration, but not so violent as the first one; Continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
3/28/1868,18:37,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,18:40,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,18:48,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,19:05,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: another at 7 PM [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15] ","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,19:20,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,19:48,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,20:07,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,20:45,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,IV-V (kona); 3.0; L,"[footnote to Williamson table] distinctive character, vertical motion rather than horizontal and during its continuance presented the idea of an attempt being made to lift the house from underneath","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,21:04,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,21:14,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,21:27,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,21:35,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,21:39,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,21:50,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,22:02,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,22:17,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"Lyman notes: another at 10 PM [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,22:22,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,22:27,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,"[footnote in Williamson table] At this time retired and slept until Sunday am; shocks continue at same frequency, as reported by others","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/28/1868,23:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,"A correspondent traveling around the south coast reports that at Kilauea frequent shocks during the day [Mar.28]; At Keauhou, the ground shook continually all the afternoon on Saturday [March 28]","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
3/28/1868,,,,,,,,,,,,,Williamson scale of intensity: VL-very light; L-light; M-moderate; MH-moderately heavy; H-heavy; VH-very heavy; VVH-very heavy; felt-Kona. Cox assigns Williamson's intensities to the M-M scale as follows: VL-2.0; L-3.0; M-4.0; MH-4.8; H-5.5; VH-6.5; VVH-7.5],"In the intensity column, roman numerals represent M-M intensities, followed by the Cox and Williamson intensities. Intensities not identified as to place are from Williamson's record at Kealakekua, Kona; times are Williamson times, to which 20 minutes should be added from March 27 through April 4 to agree with Honolulu Astronomical time (Cox, unpub) "
3/29/1868,1:10,,,,,hilea,,,,6.1,int,6.5; VH; V-VI (Hilo),"Lyman notes: A hard shock in the night which waked us all from sleep. This was at one o¹clock A.M.; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; awoke at 1:10 am, very heavy shock, with continuous trembling of the ground for 1 min, ending with moderate shock at 1:11, felt-Kona, Hilo","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,1:11,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"do; slept again, missing several light shocks",do
3/29/1868,3:21,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59] woke up again; felt-Kona, Hilo","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,3:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,felt-Kona,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,4:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59] felt-Kona, Hilo","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,5:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59] felt-Kona, Hilo","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,5:02,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,felt-Kona,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,5:36,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: Then a slight shock at six [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59; lasted about 30 sec]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,5:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,6:08,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,6:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,6:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,6:57,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:03,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,long and moderate,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:32,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:33,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:35,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,IV-V (kona); 4.5 (Hilo); 4.0; M,"Lyman notes: a jar at 8 [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:40,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,IV-V (kona); 4.5 (Hilo); 4.0; M,"Lyman notes: another [jar] at a short time after [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,7:53,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,8:03,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,," HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,8:06,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,8:10,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,8:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,8:39,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,8:48,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,9:02,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,9:15,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (hilo),"Lyman notes: another at ten [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,9:22,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,9:58,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,10:13,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,11:23,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,11:37,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,11:44,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,12:12,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.3,int,"V (Hilo, Kilauea summit); III-IV (kona; 4.0; M","Lyman notes: another a smart shock at twelve M.[Noon?], motion undulatory [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; On Sunday, the 29th, another smart shock was felt at the Volcano House, at about 12 o'clock, noon. No special damage done there","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
3/29/1868,12:22,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,12:25,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,13:09,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: At one P.M. an easy shake [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,13:21,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,13:30,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,13:40,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,13:46,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,15:00,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,15:09,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,15:11,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,16:32,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,16:52,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,19:08,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,19:51,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,20:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,21:00,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/29/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"Sunday 29th--Shakes frequent but slight [at Kilauea]; one of them very peculiar in its motion--commencing from nw to se, shook a moment and then shifted to ne by sw. north lake quite active. Shocks appear to have been stronger at Keauhou, on the beach, than they were at the volcano.","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,1:00,,,,,hilea,,,,6.1,int,6.5; VH; V (Hilo),"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; On the 30th and 31st, and April 1st, a number of shocks were felt at Hilo, some of them sufficiently powerful to awaken persons from sleep, causing furniture, etc. to rattle.","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,1:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,6:11,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,7:18,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,14:20,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,19:12,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,20:18,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,20:45,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,20:56,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,21:01,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,21:28,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,23:35,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),"felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
3/30/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"The earthquakes which commenced on Saturday [Mar. 28] were felt simultaneously in Kona, Kau and Hilo. At [Hilo] 30 shocks from 3/28 to 3/30; On the 30th and 31st, and April 1st, a number of shocks were felt at Hilo, some of them sufficiently powerful to awaken persons from sleep, causing furniture, etc. to rattle; During the whole of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday [3/30, 3/31, 4/1], no shaking of the earth was felt in that portion of Puna where I traveled [Kalapana to Makuu], though the earth had been in constant trembling, with intermittent shocks, more or less sharp at Hilo, and on a line south and southwest from there to Kilauea, and through Kau","HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [lead article]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; [26 out of 30 earthquakes reported felt in Hilo from 3/28-30 are accounted for by assuming Kona quakes of intensity M-H or higher were felt in Hilo, and adding Lyman events to these. Implies that 4 quakes registering moderate in Kona were also felt in Hilo]"
3/31/1868,1:58,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,3:30,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,3:43,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,3:50,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,4:20,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,5:07,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,5:22,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,9:20,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,16:43,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2"
3/31/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"During the whole of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday [3/30, 3/31, 4/1], no shaking of the earth was felt in that portion of Puna where I traveled [Kalapana to Makuu], though the earth had been in constant trembling, with intermittent shocks, more or less sharp at Hilo, and on a line south and southwest from there to Kilauea, and through Kau","HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; absence of shaking in Puna is consistent with lack of rupture of Kilauea's south flank at the time of the M7 earthquake on 3/28"
4/01/1868,0:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,IV-V (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; no entry for Kona--Williamson asleep?"
4/01/1868,1:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,IV-V (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; no entry for Kona--Williamson asleep?"
4/01/1868,1:45,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00]; Warshauer notes: Tuesday night, from about ten [3/31] till two in the morning [4/1], the shaking was almost incessant [at Keaiwa, Kau], and then subsided [lack of events felt elsewhere, except for 1:45 am, sugggests intense, local, Mauna Loa southwest rift or hilea swarm]","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Lyman, 1868c]"
4/01/1868,3:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,IV-V (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; no entry for Kona--Williamson asleep?"
4/01/1868,4:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,IV-V (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; no entry for Kona--Williamson asleep?"
4/01/1868,5:40,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; Wednesday morning (April 1st,) about sunrise, there was a hard shake; felt-Kona, Hilo, Kau","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Lyman, 1868c]"
4/01/1868,6:00,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,Lyman notes: There were six shocks between the hours of eleven last night and six this morning. Have felt two during the day and a jar this evening; see note for 4/1 20:00,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,17:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,V-VI (Kau); III-IV (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 4/01 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00]; Warshauer notes: . . . and again about five pm [on Apr. 1] there was a severe and protracted shaking with a great deal of swaying to and fro of the earth [at Lyman's home in Kau],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Lyman, 1868c]"
4/01/1868,20:00,,,,,,,,,,,,[Curious gap in seismicity between 6 am and 8 pm on April 1 --no explanation in Williamson's notes],"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,20:15,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,4.0; M,Lyman notes: see entry for 4/01 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,20:30,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,21:21,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,22:25,,,,,hilea,,,,5.9,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),Lyman notes: a jar [see entry for 4/01 6 am],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,22:53,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"accompanied with the sound of an explosion; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"accompanied with the sound of an explosion; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:08,,,,,hilea,,,,6.1,int,6.5; VH; V-VI (Hilo),"accompanied with the sound of an explosion; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2: rocked the bed considerably","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; Wyss and others, 1992"
4/01/1868,23:10,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:12,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:14,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:16,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:18,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:19,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:26,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:29,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:30,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:31,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"[Williamson footnote] from 11:31 to 11:50 continual explosions, followed by shocks of moderate severity; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:50,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:51,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"[Williamson footnote] from 11:51 to 12:00 M continual explosions, followed by shocks of moderate severity; Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]: felt-Kona, Hilo","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/01/1868,23:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,"Warshauer notes: On the 30th and 31st, and April 1st, a number of shocks were felt at Hilo, some of them sufficiently powerful to awaken persons from sleep, causing furniture, etc. to rattle; During the whole of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday [3/30-4/1], no shaking of the earth was felt in that portion of Puna where I traveled [Kalapana to Makuu], though the earth had been in constant trembling, with intermittent shocks, more or less sharp at Hilo, and on a line south and southwest from there to Kilauea, and through Kau","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/02/1868,0:06,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:18,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:20,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:35,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:37,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:40,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:43,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,0:53,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),"Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,1:00,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,[Williamson footnote] At 1 am a heavy rain came on and I experienced no shock until morning,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,9:40,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,"Lyman notes: There were twelve shocks counted during the night. -most of them easy, one however rocked the bed considerably","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,14:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,felt-Kona,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,16:00,19,12,155,30,hilea,,7.9,W&K,7.9,w&k,XII (W&K); X (S&C),"At four o¹clock that afternoon [Apr. 2] there was such an awful rocking and heaving of the earth as we never felt before. . . a series of shocks following each other in quick succession the third of which drove us from the house. After a cessation of only one or two minutes, the fourth came, in which violent undulations, rotary, and  most all other motions were combined or followed each other in quick succession. (At one moment the surface of the earth seemed to move like the surface of the ocean and the large trees to sway hither and thither-like ships masts in a storm. The few stone buildings in the place were ruined. The chimneys of cook and dwelling houses were thrown down. Clocks, mirrors and crockery, not firmly secured, were thrown down and broken. Cellar walls and underpinning were much damaged. Stone walls were generally prostrated, even the foundation stones being generally removed from their original position, and it was not easy to tell in which direction from the wall the larger portion of the stones had fallen.","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11"
4/02/1868,16:00,19,12,155,30,do,,do,do,7.9,do,do,"The best chimney stacks of the Hilo Sugar Mills were thrown down while some of the old cracked chimneys supposed all most ready to fall were little affected. The shocks were considerably more severe here than they were at the crater of Kilauea thirty miles from here, but less severe than they were in Kau from Kapapala to Kahuku. Then slight jars were felt almost constantly for a few minutes after which the earth commenced rocking again fearfully. This continued but a short time and was followed by a tidal wave. After the fearful shaking subsided slight jars were felt almost constantly for about five minutes when the earth commenced rocking again fearfully, but it was of short duration. The wonder was that any building was left standing; terrific shock [Williamson time 3:40 PM]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11 cont.; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; Intensity map and damage reports in W&K; additional damage/fatality reports in bib"
4/02/1868,16:00,do,do,do,do,do,,do,do,7.9,do,do,"Waiohinu (Kau)-total destruction; Kohala-dur 30 s, landslides, both inland and at the coast; no damage to buildings; Hamakua-several shocks acc by landslides into the sea; Lahaina (Maui)-furniture moved, pictures shook, dur 90 s; Oahu-distinct, dur 30 m, clocks stopped; light, lateral and quick, not noticed by all; Hilo-panic, difficult to stand, chimneys/stone walls down, crockery destroyed, houses damaged/destroyed; kona-trees swayed, houses damaged/down, landslides, some stone walls down, windows/doors rattle; Volcano-landslides, cracks in road; Volcano House undamagedpuna-no damage at coast, shocks light; stone walls down, houses intact, landslides [For details of damage and fatalities from earthquake, mudslide and tsunami, see bib] ","PCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [Anonymous, 1868]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; PCA, 8/8/1868, p. 3; [Times are discrepant. Lyman time is 4 pm; Williamson time is 3:40 pm. Times in spreadsheet for Williamson events are not corrected; Flitner's astronomical clock in Honolulu stopped at 3:54 pm--local hawaii time equivalent would be 3:51 pm]"
4/02/1868,16:15,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,16:25,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,17:09,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,17:30,,,,,,,,,,,,Eruption in Kilauea Iki. Fire seen between 5 and 6 PM; crater floor covered 6-10 PM Apr. 4 [sic-4/2]; portions of e wall Kilauea crater thrown down by the earthquake of Apr. 4 [sic-4/2]; 2/3 of crater floor to W and NW sunk 300 ft; deep chasm about 1/3 mi long near NW corner,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; VHR, v. 1, William Hillebrand entry dated 4/18/1868; "
4/02/1868,17:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,17:48,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,17:50,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,17:57,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,18:27,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,18:32,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,18:40,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,20:07,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,21:45,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,22:06,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,23:03,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/02/1868,23:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,"Possible Kilauea east rift zone eruption/intrusion. Warshauer notes: [following the earthquake on Apr. 2] Kilauea was very active, nearly the whole floor of the crater being in active motion. Natives report that the lava of Kilauea was receding very fast, and that the line of craters east and south from Kilauea, farther down the slope, were smoking; At 12 n [Apr. 4], left for the Puna and Kau coast in the schooner Odd Fellow. Fire in the hills at Kapoho. Could not tell whether it was a lava flow or not; During Thursday night . . , frequent shocks [at Hilo]--and some pretty sharp--and a constant trembling of the earth","PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2 [correspondent traveling the south coast by boat]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/02/1868,,,,,,,,,,,,,Draining of Kilauea's summit lava lake: Kilauea crater begins to drain following earthquake. By 4/4 lava confined to south lake. Ccompletely drained by 4/5,"Hillebrand, 1868"
4/03/1868,0:24,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,1:05,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,1:25,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,1:45,,,,,hilea,,,,6.2,int,6.5; VH; VI (Hilo),Lyman notes: drove us from the house [time assumed; see entry for 4/3 23:59],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,2:33,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,3:15,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,VI (kau)," [report from lanai?] Again on Friday the 3rd inst., at about 3:15 am, we felt another earthquake. It awoke every islander . . . from their slumbers. The earth waves seemed to lift us up and toss us, as they rolled from east to west, keeping us moving and anxious for a period of about three minutes. [This is a very confusing report datelined Lanai, mixing language that suggests the reporter is on Lanai, with references to the King's party anchored at Honuapo. The description is probably from that place (i.e., kau). The time doesn't fit any time recorded by Lyman or Williamson. The nearest correlative event would be 90 minutes earlier (see above)]","HG, 4/22/1868, p. 3"
4/03/1868,5:45,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,V (Hilo); 5.5; H,Lyman notes: see entry for 4/3 23:59,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,6:05,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,7:44,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,8:32,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,11:02,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,16:20,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,17:43,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,18:02,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,18:15,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,19:06,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,19:35,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,explosions without shocks,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,19:47,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,explosions without shocks,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,19:53,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,vertical; felt-Kona,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,20:25,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,20:33,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,21:25,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 4/3 23:59,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,23:53,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),Lyman notes: see entry for 4/3 23:59,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/03/1868,23:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,"Lyman notes: frequent jars by day and by night, some of them so hard as to drive us from the house [This observation is not consistent with the Kona record; these are probably Kilauea shocks]; During . . . Friday and Friday night, frequent shocks [at Hilo]--and some pretty sharp--and a constant trembling of the earth","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/04/1868,0:07,,,,,west hawaii deep??,,,,5.9,int,6.5; VH,"Between twelve and one o'clock this morning [April 4] three distinct shocks were also felt, said to be the heaviest ever experienced in Honolulu","PCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,0:12,,,,,west hawaii deep??,40,,,6.1,int,6.5; VH,"Between twelve and one o'clock this morning [April 4] three distinct shocks were also felt, said to be the heaviest ever experienced in Honolulu; [Kawaihae] experienced the same shocks which were felt that night on Maui and Oahu. They were so violent that the stone store and dwelling on the beach was abandoned by Mr. Conway; There were two earthquakes at [Lahaina] last night, the first occurred at nineteen minutes past twelve o'clock, and the other twenty-three minutes to one o'clock. The first lasted about thirty seconds, and the other a little longer. They were both more violent than the one on Thursday (the latter more particularly so,) and were attended with the same rumbling sound, my house was shaken violently; The shocks and vibrations experienced some days ago at Honolulu [4/2 at 4pm, between 12 and 1 am 4/4], were felt at Lahaina more severely, without, however, causing any damage; . . . another Friday night, at 19 minutes past 12 . . . Each succeeding shock was heavier than its predecessor ","PCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 5/6/1868, p. 4"
4/04/1868,0:30,,,,,west hawaii deep??,40,„6.5,W&K,6.5; 6.4,w&k; k&w,VII (W&K; S&C); 7.5; VVH,"Warshauer notes: and On Friday night we [Honolulu] were visited again severe at 12:30, with another very shock. the vibration was very perceptible, windows and doors rattled, and many were awakened from their sleep; The shocks and vibrations experienced some days ago at Honolulu [4/2 at 4pm, between 12 and 1 am 4/4], were felt at Lahaina more severely, without, however, causing any damage; . . and shortly afterwards, about 23 minutes to 1, a third shock took place. Each succeeding shock was heavier than its predecessor [location closer to Maui than Hilea?]","Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; PCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 5/6/1868, p. 4; Intensity map in W&K; Wood (1914) determines that this series of quakes is deep and northwest of Hawaii island; location assigned from new isoseismal map "
4/04/1868,0:45,,,,,west hawaii deep??,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,4:40,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,5:55,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,6:33,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,7:14,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,9:30,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo),"Warshauer notes: A severe shock, but very short, at Hilo between 9 and 10 am. No particular damage done","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
4/04/1868,10:16,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,14:01,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,14:09,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,17:55,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,20:51,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/04/1868,23:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,"On Saturday [Apr. 4], the shocks [at Hilo] decreased in frequency, but the trembling continued all day [seems inconsistent with Lyman entry for 4/5 23:59]; On Saturday morning the crater of Kilauea had fallen at least 500 feet below its former level, with no lava visible ","HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/05/1868,15:35,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,[Williamson footnote] three additional shocks between Saturday [Apr. 4] and Sunday [Apr. 5]-I did not get the time,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/05/1868,15:55,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/05/1868,18:44,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/05/1868,19:25,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/05/1868,19:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/05/1868,20:11,,,,,hilea,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/05/1868,23:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,,Lyman notes: the shocks so frequent we have ceased to count them [This observation is not consistent with the Kona record; these are probably Kilauea shocks],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11"
4/06/1868,9:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,13:59,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,14:24,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/06/1868,14:53,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/06/1868,16:09,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,"[renewal of earthquake swarm on Mauna Loa's southwest rift, preceding outbreak on April 7?]","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:10,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:15,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:17,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:18,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:21,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:24,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,16:33,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,18:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,18:10,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,19:29,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,,"an explosion, no movement","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,19:54,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,2.0; VL,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,20:50,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,,explosion and shake [eruption of ash?-see entry for 4/7 0:00],"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,20:54,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,,do,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,21:47,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/06/1868,21:58,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,0:00,,,,,,,,,,,,"Warshauer notes: During Monday night [April 6-7], prior to the eruption, the ground throughout the district was covered with a coating of fine sand and light pumice stone, of a light yellowish color. Where this shower of sand and pumice stone came is as yet unknown, but probably from some vent hole near the crater; Tuesday, April 7th.--The deck [of a ship anchored at Kaalualu] covered this morning with very fine ashes","PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Whitney, 1868]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
4/07/1868,1:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,felt-Kona,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,1:15,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,felt-Kona,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,2:10,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),"Last night, between 12 o'clock and daylight, several right smart shocks were felt here [Hilo]. I was awakened four times by the shocks and the rattling of things in and about the house; felt-Kona, Hilo","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,3:55,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo); 4.0; M,do,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,4:00,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,4:08,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,4:20,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,4:40,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo); 4.0; M,do entry of 4/7 2:10,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,5:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),do entry of 4/7 2:10,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,5:45,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,6:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,6:05,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,,"The rift eruption began in the morning of April 7 from a crater about ten miles up the mountain; [eruption placed at break in  earthquake swarm, confirmed below]; April 7. . . . At 6 o'clock, am, as I and others were standing near the Wailuku bridge, looking up at Mauna Loa, a heavy, dense, dark column of smoke, deeply tinged with red at its base, rose from near the top of the mountain, apparently from the southern side of Mokuaweoweo. . . . .","PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Whitney, 1868c]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,11:16,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,11:33,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,12:00,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH; IV (Hilo),see entry of 4/7 14:18,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,12:06,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH; IV (Hilo),see entry of 4/7 14:18,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,12:09,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH; IV (Hilo),see entry of 4/7 14:18,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,12:13,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,12:20,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,12:55,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,13:02,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,13:50,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,13:57,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH; IV (Hilo),see entry of 4/7 14:18,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,14:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,14:18,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),"Several shocks have been felt this afternoon [Hilo, Apr. 7]; one at about 2:15, was quite sharp . . .","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/07/1868,14:54,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,with explosion,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:08,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:11,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:12,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:17,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:20,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:32,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,15:41,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,16:00,,,,,ml swr,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,16:07,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,16:08,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,16:20,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH; IV (Hilo),see entry of 4/7 14:18,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,16:32,,,,,ml swr,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,17:00,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa lower southwest rift eruption begins. Capt. Brown reports the Mauna Loa flank eruption as beginning about 5 pm on April 7,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; PCA, 4/15/1868, p.3 [Whitney, 1868]"
4/07/1868,19:25,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,20:21,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,22:33,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]"
4/07/1868,23:05,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H,"April 8.--Last night at 11:10 pm, [at Hilo] we had another very smart shock. . . . No damage done, however, but for several minutes after the shock, the earth was trembling incessantly","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/08/1868,5:30,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; M,"[earthquake given two intensities, one at the end of Williamson's second list, the other begins the third--higher intensity chosen]","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/68, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/08/1868,8:25,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,accompanied with a rushing sound,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/08/1868,11:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo),"Lyman notes: two smart shocks at eleven AM, and several slight ones during the day","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; not in PCA or HG"
4/08/1868,12:12,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),long and distinct motion,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/08/1868,14:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"Eruption on Kilauea's southwest rift zone: Warshauer notes: Thursday morning [Apr. 9], from Olaa, saw an enormous column of smoke, which the natives, judging by their landmarks, said must come from Kilauea, from an eruption on the pahoehoe near Kapapala. . . . A Portugese, who left Kapapala Wednesday [Apr. 8] reports that the ground opened in several places between Kapapala and the Aa-moku, from which volumes of smoke were seen issuing. [previous afternoon assumed] [time assumed]","HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/08/1868,17:41,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,4.0; M; III (Hilo),long and distinct motion,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/08/1868,21:03,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,IV (kona),distinct movement of the earth,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/09/1868,2:30,,,,,hilea,,,,5.3,int,V (hilo),"Lyman notes: All slept well last night for the first time since the 2nd instant, only one shake felt during the night - occasional shakes felt during the day; Warshauer notes: a few slight undulations, but no distinct shock; April 9.-- . . .[at Hilo] there was a rather smart shock about 2:30 this morning","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]"
4/10/1868,6:02,,,,,hilea,,,,5.6,int,5.5; H; V (Hilo),"Lyman notes: A quiet night but was waked by a shock this morning; Hilo is still being shaken, a hard shock occurring on Friday morning [Apr. 10]","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2"
4/10/1868,6:40,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/11/1868,5:40,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8,a moderately smart shock [Williamson narrative--no letter designation of intensity],"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/11/1868,23:00,,,,,south hawaii? ,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes; A shaking at 11 o¹clock in the night,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11"
4/12/1868,6:57,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,IV (kona),two successive shakes [Williamson narrative--no letter designation of intensity],"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/12/1868,21:55,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,a moderate shock,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/12/1868,,,,,,,,,,,,,Mauna Loa southwest rift eruption ends,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11"
4/13/1868,6:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,III-IV,Lyman notes: a moderate shock at daylight,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11"
4/13/1868,9:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,III-IV,Lyman notes: another at nine A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11"
4/13/1868,21:53,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,IV (Kona),a distinct rumble in the earth,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/14/1868,6:44,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,"IV (Hilo, Kohala); 4.0; M",see entry for 4/14 23:59,"PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/22/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/14/1868,17:14,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,"IV (Hilo, Kohala); 4.0; M",see entry for 4/14 23:59,"PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/22/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/14/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"Warshauer notes: . . . the earth was still shaking at Hilo on the 14th inst. A letter from Kohala, under date of the 14th, says; 'For a week past our island has been quiet, but today again we are agitated by frequent earthquakes. . . .; In Kohala, strong shakes were felt on the 14th and so also at Hilo","PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/22/1868, p. 3"
4/15/1868,5:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V (Hilo),Lyman notes: one shake at 5 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; not in PCA or HG"
4/15/1868,20:05,,,,,hilea,,,,4.5,int,4.8; MH; IV (Hilo),Lyman notes: another in the evening; Williamson notes: moderately heavy shock,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/18/1868,22:50,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,a moderate shock,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/18/1868,,,,,,,,,,,,,"main crater floor drained of all lava as of 4/18; Williamson notes: visited the flow on the 16th and 17th, thus no earthquake report for these days","VHR, v. 1, William Hillebrand entry dated 4/18/1868; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/19/1868,12:00,,,,,hilea,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/19/1868,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo),Lyman notes: a smart shake about 8 in the evening,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; not in PCA or HG"
4/19/1868,,,,,,,,,,,,,Lava reappears in Kilauea crater; reports from Kau indicate eruption over two days ago [date wrong?],"VHR, v. 1, William Hillebrand entry dated 4/18/1868"
4/20/1868,20:45,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/21/1868,6:30,,,,,hilea,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/21/1868,7:58,,,,,hilea,,,,5,int,4.8; MH,,"HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]"
4/29/1868,0:00,,,,,kaoiki?,,,,5.6,int,"V-VI (Hilo, Kapapala)","Experienced shocks of earthquake at Kahuku and Keaina [sic-Lyman home at Keaiwa], but more severe  at Kapapala [4/29-30/1868]; Lyman notes: A smart shock about midnight that drove us from our beds","VHR, v. 1, Alfred W Carter entry dated 4/30/1868; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
4/30/1868,6:15,,,,,kohala?,,~6,W&K,5.5,k&w,"VI (kohala); V (Kilauea summit); IV (Maui, Hilo), III (Honolulu); VI (W&K)","This morning some of us [going to Kilauea crater from Volcano House] experienced quite an earthquake, and during the night a loud report as of a cannon, but much louder . . . ; Lyman notes: A shake at five in the morning . . . [time assumed to be wrong]; Warshauer notes: several very light shocks have been felt here [Honolulu] during the past week, particularly on Thursday [April 30] morning about six o'clock. On Maui a shock was felt about the same hour. . . . The same shock was very severe at Kohala, occurring at 6:15; There was a smart shock of earthquake felt in Kohala on Thursday [3/30], also the same day, a slight vibration here in Honolulu.","VHR, v. 1, Alfred W Carter party entry dated 5/1/1868; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; PCA, 5/2/1868, p. 3; HG, 5/6/1868, p. 2 [Hillebrand, 1868]; Intensity map in W&K; location refined fromnew isoseismal map; magnitude derived from area of intensity V"
4/30/1868,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: . . . and two during the day [4/30],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12"
5/05/1868,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,"Lyman notes: the earth is again unquiet, slight shocks occurring frequently","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/06/1868,23:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V; III,Lyman notes: a shock in the night and two today,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/09/1868,21:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V; 4.0; M?,Lyman notes [5/10]: Two smart shocks last evening at nine o¹clock; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
5/11/1868,6:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes:A shake at dawn of day,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/11/1868,9:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes: another very distinct at nine A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/15/1868,5:45,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V; 4.0; M?,Lyman notes: Three smart shakes in quick succession at a quarter to six A.M.; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
5/16/1868,0:05,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes: Two slight shocks about midnight,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/16/1868,8:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: another at eight this forenoon,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/17/1868,20:20,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V; 3.0; L?,Lyman notes: A smart shock at twenty minutes past eight P.M.; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
5/18/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: a shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/19/1868,13:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: A shake about one P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/21/1868,9:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 9 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/22/1868,7:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 7 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/22/1868,23:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,III-IV,Lyman notes: A moderate shake at 11 last night,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/24/1868,0:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,6.2,int,VII (W&K); V (S&C); 4.0; M,Lyman notes: A severe shake about midnight last night; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May,"[Stover and Coffman, 1993 give date as 5/25]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
5/25/1868,,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: two easy shakes in the night,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/26/1868,6:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,III-IV,Lyman notes: A moderate shake at six A.M,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/26/1868,7:40,,,,,kl sf?,,,,5.9,int,VI; 4.0; M,Lyman notes: another quite hard at twenty minutes to eight; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
5/26/1868,19:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: another at seven P.M,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/27/1868,5:00,,,,,kl sf?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes: A shake at five A.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/27/1868,11:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.5,int,III-IV,The bosom of the mighty earth shook and quaked and was riven with a horrid noise [accompanied by increase in activity on Kilauea crater floor]; Lyman notes: another at 11 AM,"VHR, v. 1, John Macintosh entry dated 5/27/1868; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
5/28/1868,0:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: A protracted trembling of the earth at midnight,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12"
5/28/1868,5:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: a protracted trembling of the earth before morning,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12"
5/29/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: one shake in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/03/1868,16:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 4 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/04/1868,12:01,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: one shock during the day [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/05/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: one shock in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/06/1868,9:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,"Lyman notes: a shake at 9 AM, which was soon followed by another","Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/07/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: one shake last night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/08/1868,23:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes [Jun. 9]: A shake at 11 last night,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/09/1868,4:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes [Jun. 9]: another at 4 this morning,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/10/1868,7:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V,Lyman notes: A smart shock preceded by a decided premonitory shock at a quarter past seven A.M. (P.M.?),"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/15/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"Warshauer notes: A correspondent in Kau writes, under the date of June 15th: ' . . . We have an occasional shake. At Kapapala, which appears to be over the center of volcanic activity, the shocks average about four a day. . . .","PCA, 6/20/1868, p. 3"
6/16/1868,14:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 2 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
6/30/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,"Williamson absent from Hawaii in June, which explains gap in his newspaper reports","Williamson, 1869; not in PCA or HG"
7/07/1868,23:59,,,,,,,,,,,,Lyman notes: There have been several shocks of late which I have not recorded,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
7/08/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: a shake in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
7/11/1868,23:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV,Lyman notes: a shake at 11 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
7/12/1868,8:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V,Lyman notes: a smart shock at 8 AM which caused all at the table to give a sudden spring forward,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
7/16/1868,6:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,IV (Hilo); 3.0; L,felt at Hilo [see comment for 7/23 23:40],"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; Martin, 1979, p. 151"
7/16/1868,8:50,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
7/20/1868,5:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: a shake at 5 AM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Martin, 1979, p. 151"
7/21/1868,22:15,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.6,int,V (Hilo); 5.5; H,felt at Hilo [see comment for 7/23 23:40]; Williamson date off?--intensity fits well with event at 22:40 July 23 (see below),"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; Martin, 1979, p. 151"
7/22/1868,14:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 2 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Martin, 1979, p. 151"
7/23/1868,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 8 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Martin, 1979, p. 151"
7/23/1868,22:40,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.9,int,VI (kau); V-VI (Hilo); V (S&C),"Lyman notes: A decided shake at twenty minutes to eleven last night, which drove us from our beds; We have had several shakes during the week and three of them no mean ones either; Warshauer notes: On the evening of July 23d, two smart shocks were felt in various sections of the island, and also at sea. It occurred about ten o'clock in the evening. The schooner Kale Lae and the Kona Packet were at the time off the Kau coast, when the shock was distinctly felt, especially by the natives on board, who at once declared it an earthquake, as it felt as if the vessel had been stopped. ","[Stover and Coffman, 1993 give date as 7/24]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Martin, 1979, p. 151; PCA, 8/8/1868, p. 3"
7/27/1868,11:00,,,,,west hawaii?,,,,3.8,int,4.0; M,,"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
7/29/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: two shakes last night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG"
7/30/1868,21:59,,,,,west hawaii?,,,,,,3.0; L,Williamson notes: light shakes felt in Kona during the nights of July 30 and 31 [time assumed],"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
7/31/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V (Hilo); 3.0; L,Lyman notes: two shakes last night; Williamson notes: light shakes felt in Kona during the nights of July 30 and 31 [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
8/05/1868,21:59,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,4.5,int,IV-V,Lyman notes: one shake in the night [time assumed],"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13; not in PCA or HG"
8/07/1868,19:25,,,,,west hawaii?,,,,,,3.0; L,felt-Kona,"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
8/07/1868,22:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V (Hilo); 3.0; L,Lyman notes: A smart shake at ten last night; Williamson notes: a light shake felt in Kona at 9:55 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
8/1/1868,21:00,,,,,west hawaii?,,,,,,3.0; L,,"HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]"
8/10/1868,10:40,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,5.3,int,V,Lyman notes: A smart shake twenty minutes to eleven A.M,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13"
8/10/1868,14:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: another at two P.M.,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13"
8/11/1868,17:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 5 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13"
8/12/1868,20:00,,,,,south hawaii?,,,,,,III,Lyman notes: a shake at 8 PM,"Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13"
8/13/1868,23:59,,,,,south hawaii,,,,,,," . . . Earthquakes still continue [at Hilo], generally very slight, sometimes we have 2 or 3 in 24 hours. . . . At Kapapala . . . they are quite violent, hard enough to throw down stone walls. . . .","Wetmore, 1868 [Letter from Lucy Wetmore to her ister, dated Aug. 13, 1868]; not in PCA or HG"
8/14/1868,1:40,,,,,sou