ࡱ>   BDFH  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ACDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~R Fn WorkbookSummaryInformation(\DocumentSummaryInformation8 >"\pMichael F. Diggles Ba==OT38X@"1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Geneva1Tms Rmn"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)0.0 m/d/yyyy                + ) , *  + * #   # # # # + # + * * * * * * # # ) ) + # `W1823-1903.cat.klein  ;   ; C Lon degLon minM otherM other sourceM pref M pref sourceI maxLat minRegionLyman notes: 6 P.M. - a long continued shock commenced with a rumble & trembling which increased more & more in one hard shock & went off as it began, trembling; Warshauer notes: The slight shock [5:45 pm 11/8] [was] generally felt [Oahu]. At Punahou college it was severe enough to rattle doors and windows, and was noticed by nearly everybody . . . Residents on the plains also felt the shock, the direction being apparently from southeast to northwest; Quite a severe shock of earthquake was felt at Hilo on the 8th inst., also at Laupahoehoe and Ookala; Hana, Maui, experienced the earthquake shock felt here [Honolulu] on Thursday, as well as Hilo, Hawaii, as reported in our news letter from there; The earthquake shock of the 8th inst. was strong and long enough at Kealakekua Bay to shake houses for the space of about a minute. It caused a sensation, reminding one of 'riding in a railcar on a rough track'; VHR notes: Earthquake occurred at 10 min before 6 PM. Quite a deep, sharp shock, felt all over Hawaii, on Maui, and also at Honolulu, OahuYWyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 11/10/1888, p. 3; PCA, 11/12/1888, p. 3; PCA, 11/20/1888, p. 7; VHR, v. 3, H.M. Whitney entry dated 11/08/1888; region/magnitude assigned from isoseismal map; analogy to earthquakes of Sept. 13, 1896 [M6.6] and June 16, 1940 [M6.0] (W&K); location not well defined. Could also be offshore Maui or deep Hawaii. pTwo sharp shocks were felt at Waimea on the 29th and 30th of September. That on the 29th occurred at 9 pm, and was accompanied with a peculiar whizzing, rushing sound over head. This sound was heard in various quarters, and from all we can gather very much resembled that caused by an aerolite. The same earthquake was distinctly felt in Kona and other parts of Hawaii>Lyman notes: another hard shake preceded by slight one at 1 PMWarshauer notes: Two sharp shocks were felt at Waimea on the 29th and 30th of September; On Thursday last [10/1--we guess date should be Wednesday 9/30 to match other reports], there was a smart shock of earthquake at Kawaihae, Hawaii, that started everybody out of their housescalcDLyman notes: Early in the morning a long gentle shake [time assumed]Eruption on Kilauea's southwest rift zone: Warshauer notes: Thursday morning [Apr. 9], from Olaa, saw an enormous column of smoke, which the natives, judging by their landmarks, said must come from Kilauea, from an eruption on the pahoehoe near Kapapala. . . . A Portugese, who left Kapapala Wednesday [Apr. 8] reports that the ground opened in several places between Kapapala and the Aa-moku, from which volumes of smoke were seen issuing. [previous afternoon assumed] [time assumed]2Lyman notes: one shake in the night [time assumed]2Lyman notes: one shock in the night [time assumed]0Lyman notes: one shake last night [time assumed]0Lyman notes: a shake in the night [time assumed]BWarshauer notes: We learn from Hilo that on Wednesday, the 13th inst., a severe shock of earthquake was felt in that district. Although very short, lasting only a few seconds, it was the most severe that has been felt since the shock of 1868. Considerable damage was done to stone walls, and some damage in the way of crockery breaking, was done in almost every house in Hilo. . . . the wall around the Court House,--which, by the way, is a very substantial one and in every respect adapted to the purpose for which it was built--was entirely unharmed. In fact, a correspondent writes, 'The wall will stand a very heavy shock.' . . .; Small shocks are common, but on the 13th inst., at noon [persons were sent out of their houses and into the street]. On the 13th, occurred the heaviest shake since the big one [Apr. 2, 1868]. . . . . 12/6/1894Time HSTLat deg Pref DepthWarshauer notes: A report of a 60-foot high wave that dislodged rock and earth from the cliffs back of Laupahoehoe; The earthquake shock was more severe on the north side of Hawaii than here. The high wave felt at Laupahoehoe was, no doubt, due to the earthquake . . . Kohala, Jan. 15, 1885. . . . A sharp, and long shock of earthquake did not allow our citizens to over-sleep on Tuesday morning. . . Hilo, Jan. 14, 1885. On the 13th instant, at 6:20 am, the people of this place were startled by an earthquake--the heaviest since 1868. There was not much damage done; some glass and crockery were broken, stone walls more or less damaged, and people scared. [The correspondent had to hold on to a bed post to keep from going across the room]. It lasted long enough . . . A few seconds more would have done great damage here; there was no disturbance of the tides. On the Hamakua coast . . . the shock was felt very severely. Lyman notes: Half past eleven P.M - one long shake and a trembling that kept up a whole minute-motion from the volcano to the sea; Cox notes: earthquake felt in Honolulu also felt on Maui [w volcanic activity on Hawaii]; Warshauer notes: two distinct shocks of earthquake at 11:04, each about ten sec dur. The first quite light, the second much stronger and perhaps the most severe ever felt on the island [oahu]. Downtown the shocks were heavy, but not quite as hard at Waikiki and King street. The clock at Lucas' mill was stopped, and in the Interisland dock office a clock was thrown to the floor and smashed. At Fred Whitney's residence, King street, contents of house strewn in all directions. . . . Telephone messages from Waialua and other places beyond the pali reported the earthquakes equally as strong as in Honolulu; The earthquake of 11:04 p.m. yesterday threw from the shelves of the Bishop Hall of Science several tall glass cylinders. . . the vibrations proceeded from a point about 10 to 12 north of eastwLyman notes [Sept. 13]: a decided shake at eight last evening; Williamson notes: 6:53 PM-felt in Hilo [Lyman time off?]VLyman notes [Sept. 13]: another at two this afternoon; Williamson notes: felt in Hilo V (kapapala); 4.0; M9HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; not in PCA or HGHG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; absence of shaking in Puna is consistent with lack of rupture of Kilauea's south flank at the time of the M7 earthquake on 3/28`Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00]; Warshauer notes: Tuesday night, from about ten [3/31] till two in the morning [4/1], the shaking was almost incessant [at Keaiwa, Kau], and then subsided [lack of events felt elsewhere, except for 1:45 am, sugggests intense, local, Mauna Loa southwest rift or hilea swarm] IV-V (Hilo)yWarshauer notes: A rather heavy shock of earthquake was felt in Hilo on Wednesday forenoon [Dec. 21 or 14] [time assumed]'6.5 (Hilo-Cox); VI (Puna); V (W&K; S&C)6.5 (Hilo-Cox); V ( S&C)VII; 6.5 (Hilo-Cox)Perrey notes: an earthquake occurred around January 29, 1862, lasting more than 5 seconds; Warshauer notes: [letter from Hawaii] On the morning of the 29th January (one letter says the 29th another the 30th,) a few minutes after 5 o'clock, a very severe shock was felt--so heavy as to wake up all who were asleep, and set doors, windows, lamps, crockery, &c., into an unusual nervous state. One correspondent, writing from Maui, says: . . . . , the supply of earthquakes is fully up to demand. A fine sample was offered at 5 A.M. this morning, and there was a lively time among the spectators for about 20 seconds, which was met with a corresponding briskness among the lamps and crockery. . . . Another correspondent writing from Makawao, (Jan. 30,) says: At 5 o'clock this morning, we were pretty thoroughly shaken up by an earthquake. I had risen and was striking a light, so that I fully realized the movement . . . VI (kau)Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12Mauna Loa summit eruption begins-nearly continuous from this date until about 11/22/1875; Warshauer notes: On the evening of the 13th inst., the people of Hilo and other portions of Hawaii were startled by the sudden appearance of an eruption at the summit of Mauna Loa, the locality of the volcano Mokuaweoweo. . . ; Mauna Loa began to erupt on the night of August 1< 0, 1872 [date in error?], in Mokuaweoweo. On August 17, the eruption was still continuing [time assumed]MLyman notes: another in the evening; Williamson notes: moderately heavy shockLyman notes: A quiet night but was waked by a shock this morning; Hilo is still being shaken, a hard shock occurring on Friday morning [Apr. 10]V (hilo)Sa moderately smart shock [Williamson narrative--no letter designation of intensity]1Lyman notes; A shaking at 11 o clock in the nightsouth hawaii? Ptwo successive shakes [Williamson narrative--no letter designation of intensity])Lyman notes: a moderate shock at daylight!Lyman notes: another at nine A.M.a distinct rumble in the earthsee entry for 4/14 23:59xWarshauer notes: Several residents felt a slight shock of earthquake Saturday night about town [Honolulu] [time assumed]hLyman notes: There was a slight jar in the afternoon. No more fire reported at the crater [time assumed]PCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [Anonymous, 1868]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; PCA, 8/8/1868, p. 3; [Times are discrepant. Lyman time is 4 pm; Williamson time is 3:40 pm. Times in spreadsheet for Williamson events are not corrected; Flitner's astronomical clock in Honolulu stopped at 3:54 pm--local hawaii time equivalent would be 3:51 pm]\Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; Wyss and others, 1992rWarshauer notes: Rather heavy earthquake shocks were experienced in Olaa and Hilo on Thursday night [time assumed]mWarshauer notes: Two fairly good shocks of earthquake were felt in Hilo Monday night [Nov. 27] [time assumed]Lyman notes: In May there was one that all noticed & several slight trembles; Warshauer notes: A light shock of earthquake was experienced in Hilo on Tuesday evening [May. 29] [time assumed]3Warshauer notes: Waimea 26th evening [time assumed]3Warshauer notes: Waimea 27th evening [time assumed]7Lyman notes: three shocks during the day [time assumed]_VHR, v. 1, John Macintosh entry dated 5/27/1868; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HGS&C report an earthquake with intensity V on this date. Probably an error in reporting, as there is no corroboration from other sourcesdo [time assumed]ULyman notes: three shocks during the day, one in the am, two in the PM [time assumed]0Lyman notes: a shock in the night [time assumed]1Lyman notes: a shock in the night [time assumed]ILyman notes: a shock in the night so heavy as to awaken us [time assumed]Between twelve and one o'clock this morning [April 4] three distinct shocks were also felt, said to be the heaviest ever experienced in HonoluluHG, 4/22/1868, p. 3Lyman notes: A smart shock at twenty minutes past eight P.M.; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May<Lyman notes: A protracted trembling of the earth at midnight?Lyman notes: a protracted trembling of the earth before morning)felt at Hilo [see comment for 7/23 23:40]IV-V (Hilo); 3.0; LIV (Hilo); 3.0; LVI (kau); V-VI (Hilo); V (S&C)with explosionr[Williamson footnote] three additional shocks between Saturday [Apr. 4] and Sunday [Apr. 5]-I did not get the timegWarshauer notes: A severe shock, but very short, at Hilo between 9 and 10 am. No particular damage done|felt at Hilo [see comment for 7/23 23:40]; Williamson date off?--intensity fits well with event at 22:40 July 23 (see below) 7/30/1868eLyman notes: A smart shake at ten last night; Williamson notes: a light shake felt in Kona at 9:55 PMBLyman notes [Aug. 15]: It is reported that there were three shocks yesterday, and two during the night during the kai mimiki, but I did not feel them; Williamson notes: a shock early in the morning, did not get the time; seldom a night we do not feel earthquakes; a shock Sat. 1:40 a.m. that waked us out of a sound sleep.V (Hilo); 3.0; L?&Lyman notes: two shocks during the day7Lyman notes: moderate shock in the night [time assumed]0Lyman notes: a slight shock in PM [time assumed]Lyman notes: Another hard one at 3 o clock [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28] Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [Williamson letter dated March 31; text and footnote to table]; do [letter following Williamson--first lines, including date, missing--reference is to events on 3/28-29]; Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; Intensity map in W&K0Lyman notes: . . . and two during the day [4/30]kohala? IV-V; IIILyman notes: A severe shake about midnight last night; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May VI; 4.0; MLyman notes: another quite hard at twenty minutes to eight; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in MayJVI (kohala); V (Kilauea summit); IV (Maui, Hilo), III (Honolulu); VI (W&K)`VHR, v. 1, Alfred W Carter entry dated 4/30/1868; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; not in PCA or HG7Lyman notes: one slight shake last night [time assumed]?Williamson notes: another shock during the night [time assumed]=explosion and shake [eruption of ash?-see entry for 4/7 0:00]do entry of 4/7 2:10V (Hilo); 4.0; MeSeveral shocks have been felt this afternoon [Hilo, Apr. 7]; one at about 2:15, was quite sharp . . .see entry of 4/7 14:18?Williamson notes: felt-Kapapala during the night [time assumed]Warshauer notes: The earthquake was felt on Hawaii on Sunday night [12/29-30/1861], but the heaviest shocks were noticed on the following morning, which were unusually severe, even for that island, where they are of frequent occurrence. [time assumed]felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [footnote to Williamson table] from 2:50 PM until 4 PM, the ground was incessantly rocking, being occasionally relieved by a more decisive shake, which I have noticed; Continuous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28]2felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]1Lyman notes: two shakes last night [time assumed]^Williamson notes: light shakes felt in Kona during the nights of July 30 and 31 [time assumed]Lyman notes: two shakes last night; Williamson notes: light shakes felt in Kona during the nights of July 30 and 31 [time assumed] Cheever, 18711Lyman notes: a smart shake about 8 in the eveningLyman notes: A hard shake at half three P.M.; Williamson notes: felt at Waimea, also in Kona [assume Lyman entry for 8/7 refers to previous day]WWyss and others, 1992, p. 13; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; not in PCA or HGV-VI (Hilo); 3.0; L (Waimea)$Warshauer notes: [lead article] The earthquakes which commenced on Saturday [Mar. 28] were felt simultaneously in Kona, Kau and Hilo. At the latter place there were 30 shocks from Saturday [3/28] to Monday [3/30]; [Williamson letter datelined Kona, HI March 31] . . . After two or three delicate hints [slight earthquakes] we were first startled by a distinct shock of earthquake, which occurred at 10:15 am [Mar. 28]. From that time up to the time of sending this letter, we have had 123 distinct shakes, some being more violent than others. . . .-felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00]NLyman notes: see entry for 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00]UWarshauer notes: From another source it is learned that sharp shock of earthquake was felt at the volcano on Sunday night [Aug. 27], and more or less throughout the entire island, although at Hilo it was scarcely perceptible; It is also learned that a slight shock of earthquake was felt at the Volcano House last Sunday night [time assumed]2Lyman notes: P.M. very slight shock [time assumed]RPCA, 4/18/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/22/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]IV (Hilo, Kohala); 4.0; MLyman notes: one shake at 5 AM< >Lyman notes: a shock last night, time not known [time assumed]Lyman notes: another [jar] at a short time after [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]Experienced shocks of earthquake at Kahuku and Keaina [sic-Lyman home at Keaiwa], but more severe at Kapapala [4/29-30/1868]; Lyman notes: A smart shock about midnight that drove us from our beds[Williamson footnote] from 11:51 to 12:00 M continual explosions, followed by shocks of moderate severity; Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]: felt-Kona, HiloEruption in Kilauea Iki. Fire seen between 5 and 6 PM; crater floor covered 6-10 PM Apr. 4 [sic-4/2]; portions of e wall Kilauea crater thrown down by the earthquake of Apr. 4 [sic-4/2]; 2/3 of crater floor to W and NW sunk 300 ft; deep chasm about 1/3 mi long near NW cornerLyman notes: a smart shake at 5 AM preceded by a premonitory shock; Warshauer notes: Williamson tabulates one moderate shake in OctoberIII (Kilauea summit); 3.0; L&V-VI (Kawaihae); IV-V (Waimea); 5.5; HmLyman notes: a shake at 8 PM; assume light from Williamson's 1869 tabulation of three light shocks in OctoberIII-IV (Hilo); 3.0; L[Williamson footnote] from 11:31 to 11:50 continual explosions, followed by shocks of moderate severity; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2April 8.--Last night at 11:10 pm, [at Hilo] we had another very smart shock. . . . No damage done, however, but for several minutes after the shock, the earth was trembling incessantly[earthquake given two intensities, one at the end of Williamson's second list, the other begins the third--higher intensity chosen] 5.5; H; M accompanied with a rushing soundlong and distinct motiondistinct movement of the earth[footnote to Williamson table] distinctive character, vertical motion rather than horizontal and during its continuance presented the idea of an attempt being made to lift the house from underneathkPossible eruption on Kilauea's east rift zone. Warshauer notes: Reports of a volcanic eruption in Puna were circulated on Wednesday night [Aug. 23]. It seems that someone at 9 miles on the Volcano Road had seen a considerable glow in the direction of the old crater in that district and telephoned his suspicions of the cause thereof to town. . . . [time assumed]1Lyman notes: All slept well last night for the first time since the 2nd instant, only one shake felt during the night - occasional shakes felt during the day; Warshauer notes: a few slight undulations, but no distinct shock; April 9.-- . . .[at Hilo] there was a rather smart shock about 2:30 this morning*Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2Vaccompanied with the sound of an explosion; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2saccompanied with the sound of an explosion; Lyman notes: see entry for 9:40 am, Apr. 2: rocked the bed considerablyLyman notes: a shock in the night [Feb. 1-2]; VHR-no entry for this date; Williamson tabulates one moderate earthquake felt at Kona in February [assume same date as Lyman entry]cWyss and others, 1992, p. 27; PCA, 7/08/1899, p. 1 [Fennell, 1899], p. ?; no mention in HT or HH!! The best chimney stacks of the Hilo Sugar Mills were thrown down while some of the old cracked chimneys supposed all most ready to fall were little affected. The shocks were considerably more severe here than they were at the crater of Kilauea thirty miles from here, but less severe than they were in Kau from Kapapala to Kahuku. Then slight jars were felt almost constantly for a few minutes after which the earth commenced rocking again fearfully. This continued but a short time and was followed by a tidal wave. After the fearful shaking subsided slight jars were felt almost constantly for about five minutes when the earth commenced rocking again fearfully, but it was of short duration. The wonder was that any building was left standing; terrific shock [Williamson time 3:40 PM]Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11 cont.; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; Intensity map and damage reports in W&K; additional damage/fatality reports in bibHillebrand, 1868Draining of Kilauea's summit lava lake: Kilauea crater begins to drain following earthquake. By 4/4 lava confined to south lake. Ccompletely drained by 4/5Lyman notes: another at 7 PM [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15] The bosom of the mighty earth shook and quaked and was riven with a horrid noise [accompanied by increase in activity on Kilauea crater floor]; Lyman notes: another at 11 AM V; 4.0; M?!Lyman notes: another at seven P.MLyman notes [5/10]: Two smart shocks last evening at nine o clock; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in MayLyman notes: Three smart shakes in quick succession at a quarter to six A.M.; Williamson tabulates four moderate and one light shake felt in Kona in May V; 3.0; L?V (Hilo)On Saturday [Apr. 4], the shocks [at Hilo] decreased in frequency, but the trembling continued all day [seems inconsistent with Lyman entry for 4/5 23:59]; On Saturday morning the crater of Kilauea had fallen at least 500 feet below its former level, with no lava visible [[renewal of earthquake swarm on Mauna Loa's southwest rift, preceding outbreak on April 7?]:Lyman notes: two slight shakes in the night [time assumed]SLyman notes: a smart shake in the night which waked all the sleepers [time assumed]9Lyman notes: a moderate shock in the night [time assumed]Warshauer notes: an earthquake shock in the vicinity of the volcano overturned a stone wall and started the smoke a booming in Kilauea [no date or time given]Warshauer notes: During Monday night [April 6-7], prior to the eruption, the ground throughout the district was covered with a coating of fine sand and light pumice stone, of a light yellowish color. Where this shower of sand and pumice stone came is as yet unknown, but probably from some vent hole near the crater; Tuesday, April 7th.--The deck [of a ship anchored at Kaalualu] covered this morning with very fine ashesThis morning some of us [going to Kilauea crater from Volcano House] experienced quite an earthquake, and during the night a loud report as of a cannon, but much louder . . . ; Lyman notes: A shake at five in the morning . . . [time assumed to be wrong]; Warshauer notes: several very light shocks have been felt here [Honolulu] during the past week, particularly on Thursday [April 30] morning about six o'clock. On Maui a shock was felt about the same hour. . . . The same shock was very severe at Kohala, occurring at 6:15; There was a smart shock of earthquake felt in Kohala on Thursday [3/30], also the same day, a slight vibration here in Honolulu.V-VI (Hilo, Kapapala)IV-V (kona); 4.5 (Hilo); 4.0; M$Lyman notes: see entry for 4/3 23:59Lyman notes: see entry for 4/01 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00]; Warshauer notes: . . . and again about five pm [on Apr. 1] there was a severe and protracted shaking with a great deal of swaying to and fro of the earth [at Lyman's home in Kau]SLyman notes: see entry for 4/01 6 am; felt-Kona and Hilo [see entry for 3/30 01:00],Lyman notes: a jar [see entry for 4/01 6 am]felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; We have been most thoroughly shaken up for the past two days, and still continue shaking [with over three hundred shocks of earthquake since Friday night [Mar. 27], some of which were terrible. . . . Walls were thrown down and houses moved from their foundations; the earth moved up and down so that walking was a difficult thing to accomplish, Capt. Brown's stone house at Kahuku is down. Mr Pogue's chimney was thrown down. The stream of water has increased one half . . .Lyman notes: At one P.M. an easy shake [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15< ]; On the 30th and 31st, and April 1st, a number of shocks were felt at Hilo, some of them sufficiently powerful to awaken persons from sleep, causing furniture, etc. to rattle.Cfelt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entries for 3/28 10:15 and 3/30 01:00]V (Hilo); 5.5; H?Wyss and others, 1992, p. 26; not in PCA, HG, HS, HEB, HT or HH-Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; not in HT or HH8Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; not in HT, HH 7/13 missing/Warshauer notes: On the 20th, Kohala, 5:30 a.m. maui deep? 12/10/1899Heavy in Kau; Lyman notes: about 5-30 a m. there was a very long tremble, then a slight shock which went off with a trembling from North to SouthIV-V; 3.51.8 (Hilo-Cox)III; 4.51.5 (Hilo-Cox)WWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] III (kau) III-V (kau)VII (W&K); V (S&C); 4.0; MVI; V (S&C); 4.0; M2.0; VL4.8; MH6.5; VH5.5; Hfelt by Lyman in Hilo; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; Continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28]felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59] woke up again; felt-Kona, Hilowest hawaii deep??VII (W&K; S&C); 7.5; VVHSDuring the whole of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday [3/30, 3/31, 4/1], no shaking of the earth was felt in that portion of Puna where I traveled [Kalapana to Makuu], though the earth had been in constant trembling, with intermittent shocks, more or less sharp at Hilo, and on a line south and southwest from there to Kilauea, and through KauIV-V (kona); 3.0; Llong and moderateDLyman notes: a sudden but not hard shake in the night [time assumed]/Lyman notes:A shake in the night [time assumed]7Lyman notes: a slight shock in the night [time assumed]bLyman notes: a moderate shake in the night; no mention in VHR in entry on this date [time assumed] IV (kona)The earthquakes which commenced on Saturday [Mar. 28] were felt simultaneously in Kona, Kau and Hilo. At [Hilo] 30 shocks from 3/28 to 3/30; On the 30th and 31st, and April 1st, a number of shocks were felt at Hilo, some of them sufficiently powerful to awaken persons from sleep, causing furniture, etc. to rattle; During the whole of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday [3/30, 3/31, 4/1], no shaking of the earth was felt in that portion of Puna where I traveled [Kalapana to Makuu], though the earth had been in constant trembling, with intermittent shocks, more or less sharp at Hilo, and on a line south and southwest from there to Kilauea, and through Kau`HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [lead article]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; [26 out of 30 earthquakes reported felt in Hilo from 3/28-30 are accounted for by assuming Kona quakes of intensity M-H or higher were felt in Hilo, and adding Lyman events to these. Implies that 4 quakes registering moderate in Kona were also felt in Hilo]Lyman notes: Then a slight shock at six [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59; lasted about 30 sec]Lyman notes: a jar at 8 [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15] HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2jWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Lyman, 1868c]CWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; no entry for Kona--Williamson asleep?V (Hilo); 3.0; LAWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Lyman, 1868c]V-VI (Kau); III-IV (Hilo)Lyman notes: There were six shocks between the hours of eleven last night and six this morning. Have felt two during the day and a jar this evening; see note for 4/1 20:00[[Williamson footnote] At 1 am a heavy rain came on and I experienced no shock until morning*Lyman notes [see note for 9:40 am, Apr. 2]Lyman notes: Mauna Loa eruption visible from Hilo on April 22; With the exception of a slight earthquake at 9:50 this evening, everything is quietGWyss and others, 1992, p. 25; VHR, v. 4, J.M. Lee entry dated 4/21/18962V (east maui; IV? (Hilo,Waimea, Kohala); III (Hon)=Wyss and others, 1992, p. 28; PCA, 3/18/1903, p. 5; not in HHvcox time is 5 am; Lyman notes: One shock a little after five A.M.; Warshauer notes: Hilo, 21st [same as Lyman entry ?]gLyman notes: quite severe earthquake in Kau reported, at 1 ac [sic-1 oc; AM assumed] (not felt in Hilo)V (kau); I-III (Hilo) 11/27/1899HH, 12/2/1899, p. 5qMauna Loa summit eruption begins in Mokuaweoweo; moves to upper NE rift two hours later. Lyman notes: There was an eruption from Mauna Loa early in the morning of 4 of July. It broke out near the same place as the flow of 1880; Warshauer notes: Fennell describes the opening phases of the eruption of Mauna Loa, which began about 3:15 a.m., July 4, 1899. No premonitory earthquake was felt; At twenty minutes to two, Tuesday morning [Jul. 4] our cook . . . said the volcano must be active as he had heard a noise like a cannon shot. . . . The glare over the crater of Mokuaweoweo showed clearly where the disturbance was. . ."Lyman notes: A hard shock in the night which waked us all from sleep. This was at one o clock A.M.; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; awoke at 1:10 am, very heavy shock, with continuous trembling of the ground for 1 min, ending with moderate shock at 1:11, felt-Kona, Hilo1Fuchs (1886); HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 1868[at Volcano House] At 1:28 pm, (my watch), . . . the first heavy shock occurred, making me sway to and fro as if I had lost my footing, on a vessel's deck, rolling in a rough sea. [I saw the effects of] . . . the tumbling down of a portion of the southern wall of Kilauea crater] near the road to Kau; The first shock [1:28 pm] was felt throughout Kau, Puna and Hilo. At Keauhou, the ground shook continually all the afternoon on Saturday [March 28]. In Kau, the shock seemed to have been stronger the more southward you went. At Waiohinu it shook down walls, and cracked the stone church from top to bottom. At Kahuku, Capt. Brown's place, the dwelling house, cattle pens, stone walls, etc., were thrown flat on the ground-fortunately no one was hurt . . . V (Kilauea summit, Hilo); 5.5; H[footnote in Williamson table] At this time retired and slept until Sunday am; shocks continue at same frequency, as reported by othersno mention of earthquakes in VHR; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; felt-Volcano [Fornander speaks of the event at 1:28 (below) as being the first heavy shock, implying that some previous events were felt at Volcano]Lyman notes: another at 10 PM [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]sWyss and others, 1992, p. 28; PCA, 5/16/1902, p. 12; not in MN; magnitude inferred from intensity-distance relationIV; 3.01.8 (Hilo-Cox)III; 5.01.5 (Hilo-Cox)AWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 1868V-VI (hilo); 5.5; H9continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28]#HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; Fornander, 18689Continous shaking at Keauhou on Saturday afternoon [3/28][footnote to Williamson table] from 2:50 PM until 4 PM, the ground was incessantly rocking, being occasionally relieved by a more decisive shake, which I have noticedzPCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [a correspondent,writing from Kau; letter from Kau, dated 3/29/1868; letter from Hilo dated 4/3/1868]Lyman notes: another at ten [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]4Lyman notes: another a smart shock at twelve M.[Noon?], motion undulatory [assume time to agree with nearest strong Kona shake]; felt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; On Sunday, the 29th, another smart shock was felt at the Volcano House, at about 12 o'clock, no< on. No special damage done there.V (Hilo, Kilauea summit); III-IV (kona; 4.0; MHG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [lead article; letter from Kau dated Mar. 29, 1868]; PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [letter from Kau]; [The felt earthquakes began in Kau more than twelve hours after the eruption began, and before being felt in Kona or Hilo. Probably, these accompanied down-rift migration of magma, as indicated above in the statement reporting migrating fume. Presumably, all of the quakes reported by Williamson (see below) were also felt in Kau] 6/07/1901sWarshauer notes: Waiohinu, Kau, June 8--A sharp earthquake occurred at 3:50 p.m. June [date obscured]; date assumed-Wyss and others, 1992, p. 26; not in HT or HHLyman notes: another at two P.M.; Warshauer notes: At Hilo, on the 22nd ult., the atmosphere was loaded with smoke, and frequent slight shocks of earthquakes were felt. . . .2Lyman notes: A slight shock at a quarter to 6 A.M.3V (maui); IV-V (Hilo); IV (Hon); 3.01.8 (Hilo-Cox)& HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]Warshauer notes: There were two shocks of earthquake early Sunday morning [Honolulu] which shook people up considerably and banished sleep from the minds of many. . . The first shock was at 4:48 a.m. [4:58?--assume same quake as below] and lasted perhaps three seconds, appearing to go off in a northeasterly direction. The sound died away gradually, lasting 15 or 20 seconds after the shock. Then after an interval of 10 seconds there came a second shock about equal in severity to the first but of shorter duration, apparently a reflection of the earthquake wave. It was impossible to tell from what direction the second shock came and it ended quite abruptly(foreshock?; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25VII (Hamakua); VI (Hilo, Maui); V (Hon, Kilauea summit, Kohala); IV (Kau, Kona); VI (W&K); 6.0 (Hawaii); 6.0 (Hilo-Cox); V (S&C) maui east?$V-VI (kau); V (Hilo); 4.6 (Hilo-Cox)Sunday 29th--Shakes frequent but slight [at Kilauea]; one of them very peculiar in its motion--commencing from nw to se, shook a moment and then shifted to ne by sw. north lake quite active. Shocks appear to have been stronger at Keauhou, on the beach, than they were at the volcano.dHG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [list of earthquakes on 3/28-31/1868, from Rev. C.G. Williamson]; Fornander, 18684 HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [letter from kau dated March 29]_Warshauer notes: A slight shock of earthquake was felt yesterday morning at 2:15 o'clock [Hilo]%V-VI (kau); IV (Hilo); 2.8 (Hilo-Cox)hilea??IV (Waimea); 3.0 (Hilo-Cox)IV (Maui); I (Hilo)|Lyman notes: Friday morning 20 mts to 10, one shock. There is said to be a great deal of smoke at the Volcano - towards PunaIV; 3.0 (Hon-Cox)`In the intensity column, roman numerals represent M-M intensities, followed by the Cox and Williamson intensities. Intensities not identified as to place are from Williamson's record at Kealakekua, Kona; times are Williamson times, to which 20 minutes should be added from March 27 through April 4 to agree with Honolulu Astronomical time (Cox, unpub) IX (W&K); VIII (S&C); 7.5; VVHHG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; locations are assigned to hilea as aftershocks of the M7 event, but these are mixed in with earthquakes associated with continuing intrusion down the Mauna Loa southwest rift zonepfelt-Kona, Kau and Hilo [see entry for 3/28 10:15]; [see comment and entry for 3/30/1868, 23:59] felt-Kona, HiloWarshauer notes: Kakaako [Honolulu] experienced an earthquake, very light and seems to have been local; people ran from houses; manner in which the earthquake started seemed to give promise of others to follow but nothing more happenedcox time is 13:00; Lyman notes: one [during month of April, 1898] at 11 o'clock at night felt by many members of the household [date assumed]IV; 3.5 (Hilo-Cox)V; 4.0 (Hawaii); 4.0 (Hilo-Cox)"IV-V; 4.0 (Hawaii); 5.2 (Hilo-Cox)IV-V; 4.01.8 (Hilo-Cox)Warshauer notes: During the day [July 24, following the eruption end] the whole island of Hawaii was shaken with earthquakes of various degrees. None were very heavy and no damage was done. . . On Monday [July 24] about lunchtime Hawaii had a heavy earthquake. It was most severe at Hilo and vicinity and very light here [Punaluu]; Mr. Baldwin reports the eruption as having ceased. . . . It appears to have subsided about the time that the earthquake shock of the early part of the week occurred. . . .Lyman notes: There were several slight shocks of earthquake during August [no date or time] - no action at Kilauea but a great deal of smokeV; 4.0 (Hawaii); 2.8 (Hilo-Cox)Lyman notes: a jar at 9 AM'Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; not in HG-Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; not in HG or HS2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; not in PCA, HG or HSWarshauer notes: Pele's custom when making her appearance at Mokuaweoweo is to announce her arrival by a series of earthquakes. On this occasion her only warning was two slight shakes about 12 PM; From latest accounts from Kilauea there is hardly any change, but several shocks of earthquake are reported; Lyman notes: eq felt at the volcano, we did not feel it; several felt in Kau that week; Warshauer notes: Mokuaweoweo became active on April 20, 1896 [April 21?-see below], accompanied by two earthquakes felt in KaupWarshauer notes: During the 20th [April, 1896] a slight shock of earthquake was experienced at Ulapalakua [Maui]MPCA, 4/23?/1896, p. 1-2; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25; PCA, 4/27/1896, p. 1-2PCA, 4/27/1896, p. 3WWarshauer notes: Several severe shocks have been reported lately, both from Kau and from Hilo, which indicated increased activity in the volcanic craters; [At Kapapala ranch] we had five or six shakes about 1:30 Tuesday morning, April 21st. None of these were very severe, but the reflection was seen down at Pahala about 4 o'clock or earlier, so that the fire must have started soon after the cessation of the earthquakes. . . . ; The latest news from Hawaii is to the effect that there have been no earthquakes on the island since Tuesday morning, April 21st, the time of beginning of the outbreakIV-V (Kau); III (Hilo)III (Kau); 3.5 (Cox)ZWyss and others, 1992, p. 25; HS, 12/09/1895; PCA, 12/10/1895, p. 7; PCA, 12/18/1895, p. 1Lyman notes: the latter part [of December, no dates or times] were several slight shakes in Hilo, and more felt at Olaa. At the Volcano heavy smoke but no fire [More intrusion?] 1/14/1898mLyman notes: Several very slight shocks felt 1st & 2 week [of January, 1898-no date of time; more intrusion?];IV (Hon); III-IV (Hilo); 3.0 (Hilo-Cox); 1.5 (Honolulu-Cox) V (kapapala)Mauna Loa NE rift eruption ends. Warshauer notes: The cessation of the flow occurred alsmost as suddenly as the outbreak. Those who took their last glance at Mauna Loa's stream of fire on the evening of the 23d inst., were astonished to find on the next morning that all was quietLyman notes: One shock about 10 P.M.; Warshauer notes: A vigorous earthquake was felt on this island Friday night [Nov. 15] at 10 o'clock. The shock came in two distinct waves, probably ten seconds apart. The second was the more violent of the two and made the windows rattle in many Hilo homes. At the Volcano Hotel the quaking was felt and the opinion of the manager was that the seismic wave started from the nether regions of Mauna Loa; Earthquake at Hilo, 15th at 10 p.m.4IV-V (Kilauea summit); IV (Hilo); 4.51.5 (Hilo-Cox)IV? east hawaii?? II-III (Hon); 3.01.8 (Hilo-Cox)Lyman notes: One sudden decided jar at 6 A.M; Warshauer notes: At Hilo, on the 22nd ult., the atmosphere was loaded with smoke, and frequent slight shocks of earthquakes were felt. . . .RWyss and others, 1992, p. 21; not found in PCA or HG [microfilm difficult to read]+Lyman notes: A distinct jar at about 7 P.M.&Lyman notes: a distinct jar about 5 AM/Lyman notes: A distinct jar at about 7 1/4 P.M.=Lyman notes: A slight but protracted shake at about 7:20 P.M.'Lyman notes: Another between 7 & 8 P.M.Lyman notes: At 4 o clock A.M. there was a smart shock, which was succeeded in a few seconds by< a heavy shaking which reminded one of the shaking of a horse'Lyman notes: a sudden heavy jar at 9 PM%Lyman notes: a moderate shock at 4 PMLyman notes: a shock at 11 AMLyman notes: a shock at 4 PMiVI (Hon, kohala, kona); V (hilo, kau); V (W&K; S&C-Hon); 5.0 (Hawaii); 5.2 (Hilo-Cox); 5.0 (Honolulu-Cox),Warshauer notes: Last Sunday night [Dec. 8] at 11 o'clock . . . a severe earthquake [occurred at Kau], followed by another . . . From reports the earthquakes were felt throughout the island, and more severe within a radius of thirty miles from the volcano [Kilauea]. At the volcano it was very light [from] fire [that] appeared in the crater Sunday night . . .; A heavy earthquake shock was felt here [Hilo] shortly after eleven o'clock Sunday night--the first for months. The earthquakes that shook up Honolulu were also felt here [Hilo] at the same hours. The one at 11 o'clock began with a preliminary shock that wakened most of those who were asleep. After an interval of a second or two it was followed by a strong tremor that continued with decreasing force for probably thirty seconds [to] a full minute. The undulation proceeded from mauka to the sea. The waves were longer, and the shock less violent than is usual with such a considerable earthquake. On the Kona side the shocks [were] much more violent. .. . the greatest shake up Kohala has had for years*Lyman notes: A slight shock at 11 1/4 P.M.#Lyman notes: a slight shock at 2 AMILyman notes: a slight shock at 6 AM; no mention in VHR entry on this date;Lyman notes: Two distinct, but not hard shocks about 9 P.M.bVHR, v. 3, C.J. McCarthy entry dated 10/13-16/1891; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; not in PCA or HG1Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25; PCA, 2/5/1896, p. 2CWyss and others, 1992, p. 25; not in HG or HH, HT microfilm missing-Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25; not in HT or HH0Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25-26; not in HT or HH`Lyman notes: a smart shock at 8 AM which caused all at the table to give a sudden spring forwardLyman notes: a shake at 5 AMLyman notes: a shake at 8 PM'Lyman notes: A shake in the night at 12"Lyman notes: a smart shock at 3 PMLyman notes: Last night (about midnight) there was a smart shock of earthquake preceded by a premonitory shock which waked us all1Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 9 1/2 last night+Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 3 1/2 A.M.XLyman notes: A smart shock at 11 P.M. last night. Undulations sharp and distinct N. & S.fLyman notes: a moderate shock at 2 P.M.; it is said that there was also a shock in the night [Dec. 5?]$Lyman notes: a decided shock at 8 PM%Lyman notes: a moderate shake at 9 PM/Lyman notes: A slight shock at 15 m. to 11 A.M..Lyman notes: A slight shock at 20 m. to 7 P.M.Lyman notes: a shake at 4 AM3Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; not in PCA, HG or HEB2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25; not in PCA, HG or HS'Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25; not in HGTWyss and others, 1992, p. 18; HG, 1/20/1875, p. 3 [Coan, 1875]; PCA, 1/23/1875, p. 3(Lyman notes: A smart shock at 7 1/2 A.M.'Lyman notes: another between 8 & 9 A.M.!Lyman notes: a sudden jar at 4 PMLyman notes: A moderate shaking of a few seconds at 10 min. to 8 A.M.; . . . There was a severe shock of earthquake felt throughout Kau on the 12th of June1Lyman notes: A smart shake at a quarter to 6 A.M.&Lyman notes: A shake at 1 o'clock A.M.nLyman notes: A protracted trembling at 4 A.M. but not hard; There have been several slight earthquakes of late"Lyman notes: a hard shock at 11 AMWarshauer notes: Lahaina [Maui], April 4--Was it a diminutive earthquake? About 10 o'clock Tuesday night [Apr. 2] several persons thought they perceived a slight tremor in their houses, accompanied with singular noises. The strange phenomenon lasted for only a few moments. PCA, 6/12/1901, p. 7{Lyman notes: there were several shocks each day during the first week of Dec., none of them so heavy as to cause much alarm#Lyman notes: a slight shake at 8 AM#Lyman notes: quite a shake at 10 PM%Lyman notes: two smart shakes at 5 AMkLyman notes: a smart shake about 2 AM; Williamson tabulates one heavy and three moderate shakes in DecemberhLyman notes: a smart shake at 5 AM; Williamson tabulates one heavy and three moderate shakes in DecemberoLyman notes: A slight shake at 5 1/2 P.M.; Williamson tabulates one heavy and three moderate shakes in DecemberLyman notes: a slight trembling of a few seconds was succeeded by a sudden hard jerk which made the whole house creak. This was at 11 A.M.7Lyman notes: a smart short shake at midnight last nightKLyman notes: two hard shocks at twenty minutes to 8 P.M. which drove us out:Lyman notes: A smart shake at 10 minutes to 1 o clock A.M.-Lyman notes: A slight shake at 8 o clock A.M.?Lyman notes: At half past one P.M. there were two slight shocks<Lyman notes: A moderate shock at about 11 o clock last nightRWyss and others, 1992, p. 21; not found in PCA or HG [missing 12/29/1885-1/6/1886]cWyss and others, 1992, p. 21; not found in PCA or HG [HG microfilm nearly illegible in this period]Mauna Loa summit eruption begins. Warshauer notes: . . . the reflection was seen down at Pahala about 4 o'clock or earlier, so that the fire must have started soon after the cessation of the earthquakes. . . .PCA, 4/23/1896, p. 12Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 11/30/1886, p. 5rLyman notes: Two shocks at 20 min. to 5 P.M.; no mention in VHR entry of 1/23/1873 [arrived from Hilo in morning] ]Lyman notes: A hard shake at a quarter to 1 A.M.; another slight one in December not recordedJLyman notes: A smart shaking at half past 10 P.M. preceded by a slight jarLyman notes: a shake about 12 M4Lyman notes: A protracted shake at 20 min. to 8 P.M.+Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 8 1/4 A.M.KLyman notes: the earth is again unquiet, slight shocks occurring frequently 5/09/1868"Lyman notes:A shake at dawn of day/Lyman notes: another very distinct at nine A.M.-Lyman notes: Two slight shocks about midnight+Lyman notes: another at eight this forenoon#Lyman notes: A shake about one P.M.Lyman notes: a shake at 9 AM#Lyman notes: a slight shake at 3 AM%Lyman notes: a moderate shock at 8 AM+Lyman notes: A slight shock at about 8 A.M.@Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; not in HH'Wyss and others, 1992, p. 28; not in HHUWyss and others, 1992, p. 28; HT, 11/22/1901, p. 5; PCA, 12/17/1901, p. 9; not in MN PCA, 4/9/1901; not in MN KLyman notes: A smart shock at 11 A.M.; no mention in VHR entry on this dateWLyman notes: another at 8 P.M., the latter slight; no mention in VHR entry on this date>Lyman notes: one slight shock; others felt in Kau much heavier maui deep??III (Hon, Hilo)(Lyman notes: At 2:30 P.M. an earth quake)Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27 [am assumed]6Lyman notes: About 10.30. AM one shock-North and SouthPCA, 12/18/1895, p. 1Warshauer notes: [The shock at 11 pm] was followed by a lighter shock two hours later [at Hilo-possibly the one below, 4 hours later]kona os?_Lyman notes: a shock at 5 PM; it is said there have been several slight shocks during the month*Lyman notes: a decided shock at 3 1/2 P.M."Lyman notes: a smart shock at 3 AM+Lyman notes: two smart shocks at 4 1/2 P.M.,Lyman notes: a long tremulous motion at 9 AMLyman notes: At 3.30 one shock; Warshauer notes: The S.S. Mauna Loa, arrived yesterday from Hawaii, reports a heavy shock of earthquake in Kau last Sunday [12/04]JLyman notes: A decided shake at twenty minutes to eleven last night, which drove us from our beds; We have had several shakes during the week and three of them no mean ones either; Warshauer notes: On the evening of July 23d, two smart shocks were felt in various sections of the island, and also at sea. It occurred about ten o'clock in the evening. The schooner Kale Lae and the Kona Packet were at the time off the Kau coast, when the shock was distinctly felt, especially by the natives on board,< who at once declared it an earthquake, as it felt as if the vessel had been stopped. 7Lyman notes: A smart shake twenty minutes to eleven A.M Lyman notes: another at two P.M.Lyman notes: a shake at 5 PMWarshauer notes: A moderate earthquake is reported from Pukoo, Molokai . . . occurring at 2:10 am of the 27th, lasting for about twenty-five seconds, the oscillations coming from the southeast. . . . 8/27/1893(HS, 8/301893, p. 5; PCA, 8/31/1893, p. 3Lyman notes: A smart shock at 8 1/4 P.M.; Warshauer notes: Quite a severe earthquake shock was felt at Hilo on the night of Feb. 12th. No damage was done; the shocks [that] occurred at Hilo on the evening of the 12th, were felt in Hamakua. There were two shocks felt there[Lyman notes: a real smart shake at 9 PM; not mentioned [Kapapala] in VHR entry of 3/30/1874-Lyman notes: a real smart shake at 4 1/2 A.M.,Lyman notes: a protracted shake at 7:20 P.M.HLyman notes: two smart shakes at 5 1/4 [AM/PM not specified; am assumed]*Lyman notes: a severe shake at 11 3/4 A.M.!Lyman notes: a hard shake at 4 PM#Lyman notes: a smart shake at 11 PMHS, 12/10/1895DLyman notes: It is said there was one about 4 P.M. on the 10th inst.$Lyman notes: A smart shake at 8 A.M.5Lyman notes: followed by another in about ten minutes8Lyman notes: A protracted shaking (not severe) at 3 A.M.xLyman notes: A shock at 4 this morning which resembled very strikingly the beginning of the one of the 2nd of April. '68%Lyman notes: A smart shock at 11 A.M."Lyman notes: a smart shock at 5 PMLyman notes: frequently during the whole month [November], none of them so heavy as to cause much alarm; none heavy, some accompanied by a rumbling sound, others by a noise like the rushing of water from a ship; one quite heavy, no date or time given; an earthquake in November 1838 was felt in Kona [check date] [suggests east rift intrusion leading to south flank release on 12/12/1838; this may explain why the eruption two years later, in April 1840, was nearly aseismic]; 6Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Lyman, 1859; Jarves, 1843 12/7/1838fWilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 [date misprinted as 1839]; Lyman, 18592Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; HS, 12/12/1894, p. 3OWood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; PCA, 12/24/1894, p. 3{Lyman notes: This morning at a quarter to five there was a repetition of the same but not quite so hard as the night before"Lyman notes: a slight shake at 8AMLyman notes: a gentle undulating motion at a quarter to 11 A.M.; no mention in VHR entry on this date [possibly en route Volcano-Hilo]oLyman notes: a shake at 4 PM, not severe; no mention in VHR entry on this date [possibly en route Volcano-Hilo]+Lyman notes: a slight shock at about 4 P.M.Lyman notes: A severe and protracted shake which drove us from our beds, to the verandah at 10 P.M.; Williamson tabulates one moderate shock in November"Lyman notes: A shake at 2 1/4 P.M.2Lyman notes [Nov. 18]: A slight shake in the night2Lyman notes: A shake at fifteen minutes to 11 A.M.-Lyman notes: A hard shake at half past 8 A.M.Lyman notes: A shake at 5 A.M.Waiohinu (Kau)-total destruction; Kohala-dur 30 s, landslides, both inland and at the coast; no damage to buildings; Hamakua-several shocks acc by landslides into the sea; Lahaina (Maui)-furniture moved, pictures shook, dur 90 s; Oahu-distinct, dur 30 m, clocks stopped; light, lateral and quick, not noticed by all; Hilo-panic, difficult to stand, chimneys/stone walls down, crockery destroyed, houses damaged/destroyed; kona-trees swayed, houses damaged/down, landslides, some stone walls down, windows/doors rattle; Volcano-landslides, cracks in road; Volcano House undamagedpuna-no damage at coast, shocks light; stone walls down, houses intact, landslides [For details of damage and fatalities from earthquake, mudslide and tsunami, see bib] RLyman notes: two smart shocks at eleven AM, and several slight ones during the dayLyman notes: another at 1 P.M.0Lyman notes: A decided shake at 20 min to 4 P.M..Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; not in PCA or HG'Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; not in HG<[aftershock]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; not in PCA or HG.Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; not in PCA or HG'Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; not in HG.Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; not in PCA or HG"Lyman notes: A shock at 2 1/2 A.M.2Lyman notes: A sudden shake not hard at 7 1/2 P.M..Lyman notes: two distinct shocks at 7 1/2 P.M.Lyman notes: one shock at 5 AM$Lyman notes: a slight shock at 10 PM-Lyman notes: a decided jerking shake at 6 PM LLyman notes: a light shake around 2 PM; no mention in VHR entry on this dateLyman notes: A sudden, slight shock at about 8 o'clock P.M.; no mention in VHR entry of 1/23/1873 [arrived from Hilo in morning] ,Lyman notes: a sudden jar between 4 and 5 AM.Lyman notes: A sudden jar at 20 min. to 8 A.M."Lyman notes: a sudden bump at 12 M"Lyman notes: a light shock at 9 PMHWarshauer notes: The recent earthquake was felt in the vicinity [Volcano House]; . . . the most considerable earthquake for many years shook up Kohala . . . about 3:30 am, and lasted upward of [30 s]. It began very gently and increased in strength, and then subsided as gently as it began. The waves passed from south to north, from Mauka to the sea. There was no severe shock, just a prolonged and substantial shake; About 3 am on the 3d of December, there was a severe shock of earthquake felt throughout this portion of the island [Kauai]. At Kealia and Kapaa, the vibrations were sufficient to arouse people from sound slumbers and rattle the windows, crockery and chandeliers in the houses. No further damage is reported; quite a severe one [Kau] Monday at 3:30 am; A sharp shock of earthquake was felt [N Kona], the first in some time_Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; PCA, 12/12/1894, p. 1; HS, 12/12/1894, p. 3; HG, 12/14/1894, p. 2Warshauer notes: A slight shock of earthquake took place at Ulupalakua, Maui, at 6:10 am, March 16th. The shock lasted only a few secondsLyman notes: a shake at 1 PM0Lyman notes: A slight shock a quarter to 10 A.M.'Lyman notes: A Moderate shake at 2 P.M.EWyss and others, 1992, p. 20; PCA, 8/1/1882, p. 2; HG, 8/2/1882, p. 3At 5 a.m. this morning received the most destructive and fearful earthquake shock of all I have known during my residence [ Kaawaloa, Kona] in the Sandwich Islands, Much damage has been done, many stone walls thrown down, cistern cracked, my stone store severely injured 10/16/18811PCA, 10/24/1882, p. 2; Wood, 1917 chart 1, p. 117PCA, 11/8/1882, p. 3PCA, 11/11/1882, p. 3 2/23/1883HG, 2/28/1883, p. 3[aftershocks]; Greenwell, Henry N [unpub. journal, 10/1/1881, provided courtesy of Jean Greenwell]; HG, 10/12/1881 [Paris, 1881]2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 10/31/1883, p. 3$Lyman notes: a decided shake st 6 AMLyman notes: a shake at 2 PM(Mauna Loa summit eruption begins; Lyman notes: There was smoke seen on the summit of Mauna Loa at noon today & this evening there is a column of smoke rising half way down the mountain, the North Kona side. We see no light.; Dana notes: slight shocks of earthquakes, 1-3 per day, in December 1869+Lyman notes: A distinct shock at 5 1/2 A.M.@Lyman notes: Two distinct shocks at 20 minutes to 12 last night.BLyman notes: A decided shock at 7 1/2 P.M. preceded by a trembling#Lyman notes: a slight shake at 7 AM9Lyman notes: A sudden smart shake at 20 minutes to 8 P.M.5Lyman notes: A moderate shake at 20 minutes to 3 P.M.3Lyman notes: A shake about half past ten last nightRLyman notes: A decided shake (preceded by a distinct premonitory shock) at 10 A.M./Lyman notes: A slight shake at half past 8 A.M.>Lyman notes: frequent jars by day and by night, some of them so hard as to drive us from the house [This observation is not consistent with the Kona record; these are probably Kilauea shocks]; During . . . Friday and Friday night, frequent shocks [at Hilo]--and some pretty sharp--and a constant trembling of the earthPCA, 1/19//1885, p. 3 3/17/1882HG, 3/29/1882, p. 31Wyss and others, 19< 92, p. 20; HG, 1/12/1881, p. 3\HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]; VHR, v. 1, William Hillebrand entry dated 4/18/1868; 6/06/1901PCA, 12/14/1895 12/08/1895 12/02/1892 12/03/1892 12/04/1892 12/23/18922Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 2/25/1889, p. 36Lyman notes: A protracted undulatory motion at 10 A.M.breakdown complete on December 6; molten lava disappeared from view; Lyman notes: Fire disappeared from the lake at Kilauea [given in December 9 note]; Warshauer notes: The fire has disappeared from the crater, leaving a large deep hole, with little smoke [Kau, datelined Dec. 19] 1/22/1887HG, 11/30/1886, p. 5 5/24/1888^Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 8/27/1888, p. 3; VHR, v. 3, J.H. Maby entry dated 8/21/1888\Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; PCA, 12/29/1892, p. 3; PCA, 1/3/1893, p. 1; HG, 1/3/1893, p. 4"HG, 2/14/1887, p. 2 [Clarke, 1887]!PCA, 3/15/1886, p. 2 [Maby, 1886]nLyman notes: A smart shock at 9 3/4 A.M.; no mention in VHR entry of 1/23/1873 [arrived from Hilo in morning] HLyman notes: A shock at 2 P.M.; no mention in VHR in entry for this date"Lyman notes: A shock at 7 1/4 A.M.JLyman notes: Moderate up and down shaking of some seconds about 6 1/2 A.M.5Lyman notes: another in the afternoon about 2 o clockh PCA, 12/6/1894, p. 5; HG, 12/7/1894, p. 6; PCA, 12/10/1894; PCA, 12/12/1894, p. 1; HG, 1214//1894, p. 2 12/10/1894HS, 12/12/1894, p. 3Warshauer notes: A series of earthquake shocks have been felt in Kau for the past ten days. The cause is attributed to the volcanoPCA, 12/12/1894, p. 1PCA, 12/12/189, p. 1Lyman notes: a shake at 7 AM.Lyman notes: A moderate shake at 11 last night(Lyman notes: A moderate shake at six A.M!Lyman notes: A shake at five A.M.Lyman notes: a shake at 4 PM@Lyman notes: a shake at 9 AM, which was soon followed by another/Lyman notes [Jun. 9]: another at 4 this morningUPCA, 1/28/1895, p. 5, 6; HS, 1/29/1895, p. 3; PCA, 2/2/1895, p. 1; HG, 2/8/1895, p. 5 1/12/1887Wood, 1917 chart 1, p. 117; VHR, v. 3, Mr. and Mrs. Roebuck entry dated 11/04/1889; see also Edwd. P. Baker entry in VHR dated 1/2/1890; PCA, 11/11/1889, p. 3 [repeats Roebuck entry in VHR]KWarshauer notes: 8th-9:30 am, reports by telephone that everything is quiet2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 3/13/1891, p. 3UWyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 3/12/1891, p. 3 [Maby, 1891]; PCA, 3/20/1891, p. 2 5/10/1887 3/16/1879$Lyman notes: A smart shake at 5 A.M.23/12/1891, p. 3 [Maby, 1891]; PCA, 3/20/1891, p. 32Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 10/6/1887, p. 3PCA, 6/2/1888, p. 3PWyss and others, 1992, p. 23; 3/12/1891, p. 3 [Maby, 1891]; PCA, 3/20/1891, p. 2PCA, 2/16/1895, p. 18Return of lava to Halemaumau. Warshauer notes: On Friday night the 17th inst. Madame Pele gave a vicious kick about 9 o'clock. It was felt at the Volcano house and throughout the [Kau] district. It is reported that fire has appeared in the crater, and at time small stones are thrown over forty feet into the airPCA, 5/29/1895, p. 3cannot find ref2HG, 2/22/1887, p. 8 [Anonymous, 1887; Baker, 1887] 12/31/1886 3/10/1886 4/14/1886HDB, 4/17/1886, p. 2PCA, 4/30/1886, p. 3HG, 3/11/1885, p. 3 4/15/1885HG, 4/15/1885, p. 3HG, 8/2/1882, p. 3 7/27/1882 2/27/1900 7/28/18905.0 (hawaii); 4.6 (Hilo-Cox) 8/06/1890 kl cal deep? 8/07/18906Lyman notes: a protracted trembling between 2 and 3 am 7/25/1870 8/01/1870 8/07/1870molokaie"6!VI (W&K); 5.2 (Hilo-Cox); V (S&C)CWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] 4/15/1898Warshauer notes: date (?); word comes from Kona that large quantities of pumice have been seen floating off shore of the beaches; [another Mauna Loa undersea eruption??]Warshauer notes: During the past month we have had a number of light earthquakes [at Hilo]; [another Halemaumau collapse? Wood, 1917, chart 2 shows no entry for March, but lake about the same depth in February and April]fWarshauer notes: There was a slight shock of earthquake at Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii, last Sunday [June 26]PCA, 7/2/1892, p. 3 10/31/1892Lyman notes: a slight premonitory followed by a smart but not hard shake at 3:30 P.M.; Warshauer notes: From advices from Hilo we learn that on Saturday the 6th inst., a severe shock of earthquake was felt at that place, which, however, did no damage'Lyman notes: A smart shake at 5.45 P.M.&Lyman notes: a moderate shake at 11 AM*Lyman notes: A moderate shake at 9.20 A.M.+Lyman notes: A moderate shake at 6 1/2 A.M."Lyman notes: a smart shock at 4 AMLyman notes: A protracted & quite severe shock at 8 1/2 P.M.; Warshauer notes: [an earthquake] some three weeks ago [from 4/13] was the most severe that has been felt since the Earthquake times of two years ago; felt in Hilo, Kau4Lyman notes: A moderate shock at a quarter to 4 A.M. Lyman notes: another hours later%Lyman notes: a moderate shake at 4 AM0Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 1/4 this morning#Lyman notes: a slight shock at 5 AM5Lyman notes: A slight shock at 10 minutes past 9 A.M..Lyman notes [Jun. 9]: A shake at 11 last nightgLyman notes: A smart shock preceded by a decided premonitory shock at a quarter past seven A.M. (P.M.?) 6/27/1893MLyman notes: There have been several shocks of late which I have not recordedLyman notes: a shake at 11 PMPCA, 2/12/1890, p. 3CWyss and others, 1992, p. 24; HS, 11/11/1893, p. 5; PCA, 11/13/1893(Lyman notes: A slight shock at nine A.M.-Lyman notes: A smart shock at 1/4 before 12 MLyman notes: another at 3 A.M.!Lyman notes: another about 4 A.M.HLyman notes: From the 8th to the 13th there were several shocks each dayHS, 7/1/1893, p. 5;VHR, v. 2, L. [probably Wm. H. Lentz] entry dated 6/20/1880 7/20/1880 7/27/1880 8/08/1880 8/18/1880 9/08/1880 9/23/1880 8/06/1898 8/19/1898 4/20/1896earthquake accompanied by fissure in Kilauea crater; no time given; [see succeeding entry]; Warshauer notes: . . . During our absence in the crater [up to 10 pm 11/4] there have been felt at the Volcano House twelve distinct earthquakes occurring between the hours of 6:12 and 8:45 pm. One of them, occurring at 7:15 pm, was felt by us, while alongside of, and watching Dana lake, after which there was a very marked difference in the action of the lake, it immediately commenced to boil up in the centre as well as from the sides, throwing up lava into the air . . . After leaving the lake at 8 pm . . , when about six hundred yards from where the ascent is made to the Volcano House we were startled by a heavy report, . . . saw a column of sulphurous smoke, and found that a large number of new craters had opened . . . There was also a line of live fire in the bottom of the cracks. . . . Volcano House host tells us no fire on this part of the crater floor since May 7, when a lake was formed . . . [Earthquake swarm not associated with draining!]:lava visible [in Halemaumau] throughout early part of June?Warshauer notes: An earthquake at Hamakua on the 3rd at 10 p.m. 6/13/1902 6/14/1902<Warshauer notes: An earthquake at Hilo on the 14th at 3 a.m. 6/16/1902 6/17/1902 7/15/1902 8/08/1902 8/15/1902 8/25/19021Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 4/30/1884, p. 32HDB, 3/27/1886, p. 4; HG, 3/23/1886 [Green, 1886] 2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; PCA, 1/17/1887, p. 2PCA, 1/24/1887, p. 21Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 1/25/1887, p. 8PCA, 1/31/1887, p. 3oWarshauer notes: There was quite a severe shock of earthquake felt in Kona last Wednesday night about 9 o'clockPCA, 10/11/1890, p. 3 12/22/1892PCA, 1/3/1893, p. 1PCA, 7/29/1891, p. 42Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 6/23/1890, p. 3aVHR, v. 3, L.A. Thurston entry dated 7/29/1890; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 8/2/1890, p. 3!Lyman notes: another at eight A.M!Lyman notes: a shake about one PM"Lyman notes: another at three P.M.rWarshauer notes: There was a slight shock of earthquake [in Kona] on the 10th at 10 am, with a loud rumbling noiseNHG, 12/13/1892, p. 6; Wood, 1917 chart 1, p. 117; Wyss and others, < 1992, p. 24sWarshauer notes: . . . one light one [at Hilea] about daylight this am. No damage reported at any place on the line2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24; PCA, 6/21/1894, p. 37/8/1894HS, 7/18/1894, p. 3 UVHR, v. 4, L.A. Thurston entry dated 7/16/1894; HS, 7/18/1894, p. 3 [Thurston, 1894] 1 earthquake felt at Volcano House at 2 am of the 12th; On the 12th the lava fell 270 feet in twelve hours, causing the banks to fall in on all sides, and engulfing about eight acres of the floor of the crater. The falling of the banks was going on all day and far into the night, producing a scene indescribably grand. Three shocks of earthquake were felt at the Volcano House, but not hard enough to do any damage 7/19/1894PCA, 723/1894, p. 6afresh black lava at bottom of [Halemaumau] indicating unobserved action a little before this date 2/20/1902 3/30/1902Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118: 6/20/1899 7/04/1899 7/07/1899 11/20/1894 11/28/1894 6/12/1883 2/16/1887 2/21/1887 2/24/1887 3/07/1887 3/08/1887,Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 3/16/1887 4/23/1887 2/20/18713.8 (Hilo-Cox) 10/12/1871 10/31/1871 5/06/1877 7/12/1883 7/26/18835.3 (Hilo-Cox) 10/15/1883 3/24/1879 5/15/1879V (W&K; S&C); 4.8 (Hilo-Cox) 1/01/1876)Lyman notes: a sudden shake at 8 1/2 P.M. Warshauer notes: On the 30th and 31st, and April 1st, a number of shocks were felt at Hilo, some of them sufficiently powerful to awaken persons from sleep, causing furniture, etc. to rattle; During the whole of Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday [3/30-4/1], no shaking of the earth was felt in that portion of Puna where I traveled [Kalapana to Makuu], though the earth had been in constant trembling, with intermittent shocks, more or less sharp at Hilo, and on a line south and southwest from there to Kilauea, and through Kau 6/15/1868PCA, 6/20/1868, p. 31Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 9/10/1884, p. 3 3/18/1886HBB, 3/20/1886, p. 3!HG, 1/25/1887, p. 8 [Paris, 1887]/HG, 8/23/1882, p. 5 supp.; PCA, 10/2/1882, p. 3'HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 1/31/1887; VHR, v. 3, John G. Eckhardt entry dated 1/24/1887; PCA, 1/31/1887, p. 3; HG, 2/1/1887, p. 8 [Anonymous, 1887]%HG, 2/1/1887, p. 1, 8 [Spencer, 1887]2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 8/25/1890, p. 3Warshauer notes: Several slight shocks of earthquake have been felt [Hilo, dateline 7/19] during the past week. Halemaumau has dropped down a distance of about 300 feet8/3/1894HG, 8/3/1894, p. 5Warshauer notes: There was a slight earthquake shock at Kau, Hawaii, on Monday evening, August [sic--perpetual calendar and date of newspaper indicates October] 31, at 6 o'clock. It lasted but a few secondsPCA, 11/5/1892, p. 3+PCA, 12/7/1892, p. 3; PCA, 12/12/1892, p. 7cWarshauer notes: On Wednesday, June 26th, about 3 p.m., a slight earthquake shock was felt [in Kau]PCA, 7/12/1895, p. 2PCA, 8/31/1895, p. 6lWarshauer notes: A shock of earthquake was felt throughout the [Kau] district about 11:30 p.m. Tuesday nightWarshauer notes: On Saturday night, 21st inst., [there were two earthquakes] about 9:30 o'clock; the first was very light, but the other was quite heavy [in Kau]BWarshauer notes: Sunday night another earthquake was felt [in Kau]PCA, 10/3/1895, p. 2Warshauer notes: A correspondent in Kau writes, under the date of June 15th: ' . . . We have an occasional shake. At Kapapala, which appears to be over the center of volcanic activity, the shocks average about four a day. . . .Gno mention in VHR entry on this day [5/19-22/1881]; HG, 5/31/1882, p. 3 9/22/1882HG, 10/4/1882, p. 3HDB, 3/30/1886, p. 2 north hawaii? 8/23/1882 4/16/1901 8/30/1898LPCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Whitney, 1868c]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] 3/01/19038lava returns to Halemaumau for a few days in early March 3/13/1903 3/15/1903 3/23/1903 4/07/1902HG, 11/21/1883, p. 3 11/14/1883main crater floor drained of all lava as of 4/18; Williamson notes: visited the flow on the 16th and 17th, thus no earthquake report for these daysWarshauer notes: smoke and ashes seen issuing from Mokuaweoweo; natives from Kawaihae confirm first story of outbreak; no quakes reported in weather summary for May, 1902PCA, 6/10, 14/19026/1/1902 6/03/1902 5/06/1897 6/11/1897hLyman notes: several slight eq's have been reported to us during May and June, but one did not feel them 5/06/1896 7/11/1896 3/24/1890 3/31/1890 5/11/1890 5/17/1890 6/20/1880Equite a heavy shock of an earthquake--no damage--no change in volcano4.51.5 (Hilo-Cox) 6/07/19002.01.8 (Hilo-Cox) 6/27/19002IV-V (W&K-kau); III (W&K-hilo); 4.01.8 (Hilo-Cox) 7/10/1900Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27 7/02/1901PCA, 4/21/1898 5/01/1898 5/17/1898 7/03/1898 Lyman notes: one shock [no time] 8/05/1898Warshauer notes: A slight earthquake on Monday morning at about two o'clock, was noted [in Hilo] by those whom trouble conscience or indigestion caused to sleep but ill. 9/16/1897 10/24/18972Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23; PCA, 1/29/1891, p. 3TWood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118; PCA, 3/12/1891, p. 3 [Maby, 1891]; VHR entry of 3/6/1891 2/04/1885PCA, 2/9/1885, p. 31Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 2/11/1885, p. 3iReturn of lava to Halemaumau. For the full months of March and April no fire in crater; returned on 8 May 8/17/1886HDB, 8/21/1886, p. 33Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; PCA, 10/25/1886, p. 2HG, 11/9/1886, p. 5Warshauer notes: A letter from Hilo, dated the 2d, reports that . . . no earthquakes are felt at Hilo [obviously in error], and only an occasional one in Kau%HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] . . . Earthquakes still continue [at Hilo], generally very slight, sometimes we have 2 or 3 in 24 hours. . . . At Kapapala . . . they are quite violent, hard enough to throw down stone walls. . . .1Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3=HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; Martin, 1979, p. 151NHG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868]dPCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 5/6/1868, p. 4PCA, 10/7/1882, p. 3 10/24/1882PCA, 11/7/1868, p. 3PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2 [correspondent traveling the south coast by boat]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] 9/26/1902 9/27/1902 9/28/19025.51.5 (Hilo-Cox) 3/13/1897 3/14/1897 7/11/1899 8/24/1899 10/29/1899 10/31/1899 11/06/1899 11/11/1899 9/18/1898mWarshauer notes: The lake, although now about 300 feet below the level of the plain, is again steadily risingPCA, 12/1/1894, p. 3nWarshauer notes: An earthquake was felt Tuesday night, November 20th, about 9 o'clock [dateline Kau, Nov. 28] JWyss and others, 1992, p. 24; PCA, 4/17/1893, p. 4, 5; HS, 4/17/1893, p. 53/12/1891, p. 3 [Maby, 1891]2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 3/16/1887, p. 30Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; HG, 5/3/1887, p. 52Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 5/23/1887, p. 3PCA, 5/23/1887, p. 3PCA, 3/??/1892 PCA, 4/5/1892 1/26/1887 1/31/1887&HG, 2/5/1887, p. 2; HG, 2/8/1887, p. 8PCA, 11/15/1888 [wrong date] 10/15/1891 9/21/1895 9/22/1895 9/26/1895 10/25/18955.0 (Hawaii); 5.0 (Hilo-Cox) 11/05/1895 12/03/1895~6.5VIII (W&K; S&C); 4.5 (Hilo-Cox) 7/17/1882 7/26/1882 9/26/1882 5/05/1877,Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 1/31/1887 1/24/1887 11/07/1882 5/15/1883IV; 4.51.5 (Hilo-Cox) 11/21/1901 2/09/1902 2/14/1902?Wilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 3/18/1839maui? 4/07/1839 11/02/1868 11/08/1868 11/10/1868 11/15/1868 12/02/1870 12/09/1870 12/11/1870 2/08/1871 2/12/1871 12/02/1894 12/03/1894 12/04/1894 12/05/1894.VIII (W&K; S&C); 6.5 (Cox-Hon); 4.8 (Cox-Hilo) 6/17/1881 6/19/1881 9/13/1881Ufrequent earthquakes in late November-early December; no VHR entries during this timePCA, 3/13/1891 3/10/1891 8/14/1888 8/20/1888 10/23/1883Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21 12/20/1883 4/19/1884< 8/21/1884 3/31/1895Warshauer notes: The principal shocks seemed to be from the interior of the mountain, with no rolling or undulating motion, but rather as severe blows directed outward. The effect produced was to throw down all the stone walls built along the side of the mountain, and running N.E. and S.W. [All] light wooden buildings, and the main dwelling were pushed eight or ten inches down hill, i.e. toward the S.E., by the shocks. . . crockery and other articles on shelves on the N.W. side of the house were thrown down . . . Some water pipes three miles up the mountain were broken and other damage done. At Pahala Mill . . . but little damage was done. A large water tank was dislodged from its foundation, falling toward the west. A boiler loosened and some steam connections broken. . . . little damage to the stone walls, those that were tumbled down falling to the west. . . . two of the springs, high up in the mountains . . . had disappeared since the earthquakes. Punaluu-no damage to speak of, Hilea---the shocks were much more numerous and violent. 3/07/1886 4/02/18831Wyss and others, 1992, p. 20; HG, 4/11/1883, p. 3*PCA, 3/25/1886, p. 2; PCA, 3/29/1886, p. 2 3/23/1886 3/09/1886 4/02/1901 1/26/1896lava left Halemaumau 1/29/1896 2/11/1896 2/08/1894 3/18/1894 3/21/18941lateral intrusion of magma adjacent to Halemaumau Castle, 1894; Anonymous, 1894 4/25/1896 8/26/1902 8/27/1902 9/12/1902+[aftershock?]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22 12/12/1885 5/17/1887 7/23/1887GLyman notes: only one slight shock during April [no date or time given] 5/28/1894oahu?? 5/17/18953.01.8 (Hilo-Cox) 5/31/1902The rift eruption began in the morning of April 7 from a crater about ten miles up the mountain; [eruption placed at break in earthquake swarm, confirmed below]; April 7. . . . At 6 o'clock, am, as I and others were standing near the Wailuku bridge, looking up at Mauna Loa, a heavy, dense, dark column of smoke, deeply tinged with red at its base, rose from near the top of the mountain, apparently from the southern side of Mokuaweoweo. . . . . 1/19/1887/Jones, 1887a; HG, 2/1/1887, p. 1 [Jones, 1887b] 2/17/18871Wyss and others, 1992, p. 22; HG, 2/22/1887, p. 8 11/10/1890 1/15/1891IV; 4.6 (Hilo-Cox) 2/25/1891 8/22/1887*[aftershock]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25 11/17/1896 11/18/1896 11/25/1896V; 2.8 (Hilo-Cox) 12/31/1896(Lyman notes: one slight shock after 9 PM 2/04/1897 2/15/1897 3/08/1897 6/24/1897 7/07/1897 8/06/1897 8/16/1897 4/23/1897{At 7:30 this evening, two sharp, quick shocks of earthquake were felt here--an interval of about three minutes between themsGoodrich, 1829 [letter to Jeramiah Ewarts dated Apr. 12, 1829 from J. Goodrich's journal at Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI)] 8/26/1829C . . . A slight shock of earthquake on the 26 [assume Aug.], 10 am. 9/24/1829 11/22/1829 12/4/1838 12/9/1838 12/10/1838 12/12/1838"6.5 (Hilo-Cox); VI (W&K; S&C-Hilo)Date 5/25/1875 6/06/18758/7/18752VHR, v. 2, Henry H. Williams entry dated 9/15/1884 9/19/1884 mauna kea? 9/30/1884 11/05/1884 11/18/1884 3/14/1891 2/13/1895IVWyss and others, 1992, p. 24 5/15/1874 8/12/1875 8/13/1875 11/05/1880 1/05/1881 4/21/1881 5/23/1881 8/08/1890 8/09/18900Wyss and others, 1992, p. 21; HG, 3/4/1885, p. 3 3/04/1885V; 5.5 (Hilo-Cox) 4/21/1896 2/02/1894V; 3.0 (Hilo-Cox) HT, 8/30/1901 11/15/1901 5/06/1863 6/01/1863 10/09/1862 4/13/1863 10/01/1866 8/09/1861 12/05/1861molokai?do 11/5/1827 7/23/1868 7/27/1868 7/29/1868 7/31/1868PCA, 4/1/1868, p. 3c[Curious gap in seismicity between 6 am and 8 pm on April 1 --no explanation in Williamson's notes]explosions without shocksvertical; felt-Kona2.0 (Hilo-Cox) 2/05/1875 2/11/1875 3/01/1875 4/17/1875 4/20/1875 5/20/1875 5/21/1875 5/14/1871 5/17/1871 6/12/1871 6/19/1871 6/20/1871 12/28/1868 1/08/1869 10/06/1891 6/26/1895 7/16/1895 8/27/1895 12/03/1897 kahoolaweEWyss and others, 1992, p. 12; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]EWyss and others, 1992, p. 13; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]>HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; PCA, 10/10/1868, p. 3 9/19/1902 9/24/1902 9/25/1902 1/31/1900 2/29/1900 3/31/1900 4/30/1900 5/29/19007PCA, 3/15/1886, p. 2 [Maby, 1886]; HDB, 3/15/1886, p. 30Wood, 1917 chart 1, p. 117; PCA, 3/15/1886, p. 2 10/25/1902 10/26/1902 11/09/1902 11/10/1902 11/11/1902 10/12/1900V; 5.51.5 (Hilo-Cox) 10/25/1900 4/29/1872 5/02/1872 7/08/1872 7/11/1872 7/06/1878 2/07/1879 3/04/1879 3/09/1879 3/11/1879 12/18/1897 12/19/1897 1/25/1898 2/04/1898 12/19/1885 1/19/1886 1/20/1886 3/17/1886 8/26/1888 11/07/1888 11/08/1888:HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] 10/16/1902u[Stover and Coffman, 1993 give date as 7/24]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Martin, 1979, p. 151; PCA, 8/8/1868, p. 3Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23 3/08/1853 Cox, unpub. 1/16/1887 1/17/1887 1/18/1887V-VI 1/23/1887 Cox, unpub*Lyman notes: a slight shock between 8&9 PM 12/18/1840 2/18/1839i . . . The same evening [Mar. 6], after light, a smart shock of earthquake, which lasted 30 seconds . . . 3/12/1843 5/24/1855 5/05/1840 5/30/1840 9/30/1840 10/14/1840Graben on Kilauea's lower SW rift formed two months before Ellis visit on July 31; felt at Kaimu (Puna) where it formed a crack one foot wide; seawater entered a freshwater well; stone wall, 4 ft thick, 6 ft high, thrown down; no mention of tsunami 6/05/1890 6/15/1890mWarshauer notes: The Hilo Tribune reports a slight shock of earthquake at 11:55 a.m. on Tuesday, December 3rd 3/09/1891lWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 4 [Fornander, 1868] 4/21/1883HG, 5/2/1883, p. 3PCA, 6/20/1883, p. 2FWyss and others, 1992, p. 21; PCA, 7/30/1883. P. 3; HG, 8/1/1883, p. 3 7/25/1883HG, 8/1/1883, p. 3PCA, 8/5/1882, p. 3 7/25/1882 8/13/1868nCoan, 1843 [letter to Rev. R. Anderson dated Apr. 12, 1843 from T. Coan's letters from Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI)]$no mention in VHR entry for this day'Lyman notes: a shock between 5 and 6 am&VI; V (S&C); 5.0 (hawaii; 6.0-Hilo-Cox 4/10/1891lava returns to Halemaumau+[aftershock?]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 24 12/24/1892 9/11/1871 9/13/1871kl sf? 6/08/1868 6/09/1868 4/24/1869V; 6.01.5 (Hilo-Cox) 8/31/1900 9/30/1900 10/11/1900 3/25/1898Wyss and others, 1992, p. 20 12/27/1892 12/29/1892 1/03/1893 4/08/1893 4/09/1893 10/09/1893 11/04/1893Warshauer notes: Shiny, jet-black pumice reported found floating in Kealakekua Bay for miles in every direction; thought to be another submarine eruption analogous to 1877; see also bib PCA, 7/3/1901 2/02/1887%HG, 2/1/1887, p. 8 [Hitchcock, 1887a]9HG, 1/1/1887, p. 5; HG, 2/1/1887, p. 8 [Hitchcock, 1887a]Cox, 1986, p. 60-61; PCA, 10/1/1881, p. 2, 3; HG, 10/5/1881, p. 3; PCA, 10/8/1881, p. 3; HG, 10/12/1881 [Bond, 1881; Paris, 1881; Anonymous, 1881] 10/3/1881 5/06/1870 5/31/1870 6/10/1870 6/12/1870 6/13/1870 6/22/1870 7/09/1870 7/13/1870 7/21/1870CLyman notes: a heavy shock a little before 8 AM; between 7 and 8 am 12/21/1845 2/14/1846 6/15/1846 6/24/1846 12/29/1891 1/07/1892 3/11/1892 3/16/1892 3/31/1892 5/30/1892 6/26/1892 10/18/1892 11/30/1892 12/04/1898 12/14/1898 12/29/1898 12/30/1898 1/04/1899 1/23/1899 3/06/1899 3/05/1891Last night, between 12 o'clock and daylight, several right smart shocks were felt here [Hilo]. I was awakened four times by the shocks and the rattling of things in and about the house; felt-Kona, Hilos[end of intermittent eruptions in Mokuaweoweo; see note for 1/3/1870]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 18; PCA, 2/19/1876 3/29/1876 3/30/1876 4/11/1876 5/03/1876 8/10/1901 PCA, 8/14, 16, 17, 19, 9/14/1901 8/30/1901;Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118; see also VHR entry of 4/10/1891 6/05/1891 7/02/1891 7/05/1891 10/16/1891< 11/26/1899IV-V 3/10/1897 9/11/1898 9/15/1898 9/28/1870 Paris, 1843 9/17/1843 Andrews, 1843XII (W&K); X (S&C) 12/15/1861 12/30/1861 1/29/1862 2/07/1862 4/27/1862 4/30/1878PCA, 12/7/1872; 1/11/18/1873 1/22/1873 1/23/1873 3/26/1870 4/07/1870 8/10/1868 8/11/18688/1/1868 8/05/1868Wyss and others, 1992, p. 13 8/07/1868 9/14/1865 12/11/1865 12/25/1865 12/30/1865 4/28/1866 8/04/1866Lyman notes: the shocks so frequent we have ceased to count them [This observation is not consistent with the Kona record; these are probably Kilauea shocks]Warshauer notes: tsunami observed along Kona coast, not observed on Kau or Kohala coast; natives believe it was generated by a submarine eruption 1/01/1903Qlava returns to Halemaumau; active lake, as in 1894; disappeared again January 12 1/03/1903 2/04/1903 2/09/1903 2/22/1903 2/27/1903 12/09/1894 1/11/1895 1/22/1895Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25 3/12/1891 3/13/1891Warshauer notes: Saturday morning [Mar. 28] I awoke about daylight [in Kau], and up to 1 pm I counted ninety-seven earthquakes; none were very severe, but their frequency frightened us.$Lymans absent from 9/26 through 10/9 9/28/1868 9/29/1868 9/30/1868 10/18/1868 10/20/1868 10/25/1868 10/30/1868 6/27/1876 7/17/1876 9/05/1876Warshauer notes: U.S. transport Solace passed through a stretch of water covered with pumice and cinder indicating a submarine eruption; [see entry for July 2, 1901]+VHR, v. 2, C.E. Gilman entry dated 8/7/1875do. 8/11/1875 4/21/1880 5/01/1880 2/13/1886 2/26/1886 3/06/1886 1/28/1875pPossible Kilauea east rift zone eruption/intrusion. Warshauer notes: [following the earthquake on Apr. 2] Kilauea was very active, nearly the whole floor of the crater being in active motion. Natives report that the lava of Kilauea was receding very fast, and that the line of craters east and south from Kilauea, farther down the slope, were smoking; At 12 n [Apr. 4], left for the Puna and Kau coast in the schooner Odd Fellow. Fire in the hills at Kapoho. Could not tell whether it was a lava flow or not; During Thursday night . . , frequent shocks [at Hilo]--and some pretty sharp--and a constant trembling of the earth 3/22/1897 4/01/1897 10/13/1902 10/20/1902lava disappears from Halemaumau 9/15/1902 10/23/1876 11/01/1876V (W&K); 5.3 (Hilo-Cox) 2/14/1877 2/23/1877ml swr? 2/24/1877 5/15/1882 5/21/1882hilea? 2/19/1869 9/13/1887 10/01/1887 10/02/1887 10/27/1887 11/09/1887 12/09/1887 2/24/1888 9/13/1896 9/30/1881DIV-V (W&K-hon); VI (W&K-kona); V-VI (W&K-ne hawaii); 6.5 (Hilo-Cox) Wyss and others, 1992, p. 28 11/22/1900 11/25/1900 11/30/1900QWarshauer notes: no earthquakes reported in the weather summary for November 1900PCA, 12/18/1900 12/5/1900 1/14/1901 1/16/1901 1/24/1901 3/21/1901 11/02/1871 1/06/1872 2/05/1872 2/24/1872 3/01/1872 3/04/1872 3/06/1872 4/13/1872 4/22/1872 4/23/18722earthquakes in early July; Kilauea lake level high 7/10/1874 11/20/1870 11/24/18704.8 (Hilo-Cox) 11/28/1870 12/01/1870 11/05/1870 9/22/1868 9/25/1868 9/26/1868 11/16/1868 11/17/1868 11/18/1868 11/22/1868 11/23/1868 11/28/1868 11/29/1868 12/11/1868 12/25/1868 4/04/1868e"6.5 4/05/1868 4/06/1868 4/07/1868 4/08/18684.0 (Hawaii); 4.0 (Hilo-Cox) 2/28/1898 12/09/1895 12/13/1895 1/03/1889 2/17/1889 2/21/1889+[aftershock?]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23 5/07/1889 11/04/1889 1/13/1887 1/25/1887 1/28/1887 2/01/1887 2/12/1887 10/08/1890 10/20/1890PCA, 10/23, 25/1890"felt downtown Honolulu and Punahou[aftershock]; Cox, 1985, 1986 2/23/1871 2/24/1871 3/03/1871 3/04/1871 3/06/1871 3/08/1871oahuVIMauna Loa NE rift eruption ends 7/08/1857 7/30/1857 8/30/1857 9/09/1857 south hawaii 2/20/1852 3/31/1852 10/19/1852 3/02/1853 4/30/1868V-VI (W&K); 5.5 (Hilo-Cox)6/5/1830AGreen, 1830 [Journal entry dated June 5, 1830 from Lahaina, Maui] 5/10/1869YA slight earthquake was experienced about 6 P.M. at Mr. Reed's Ranch [Kapapala], May 28th 11/21/1884 12/10/1884 1/13/1885 2/05/1885 2/23/1885 7/25/1858 1/23/1859 3/17/1859 9/30/1841 7/20/1860 7/26/1860 9/26/1860 11/17/1860 3/12/1861 6/01/1861MWyss and Koyanagi, 1992, App. 3, p. 57; Ellis/1825; Stover and Coffmann, 19931/6/1825kona? 7/01/1890 7/10/1890 3/31/1858 4/30/1858 2/20/1869 2/21/1869 2/22/1869 9/02/1871 7/11/1894Two earthquakes were felt during the 11th at Volcano House. Many slight shakes were felt on the brink of the lake, but not as hard as those at the House; breakdown [collapse], light earthquakesJVHR, v. 4, L.A. Thurston entry dated 7/16/1894; Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118 7/12/1894 7/13/1894 3/06/1891 3/07/1891*VHR, v. 3, J.H. Maby entry dated 3/06/1891 3/08/1891V; 5.0 (Hawaii); 6.0 (Hilo-Cox) 11/01/1790 6/01/18238/7/1851 3/11/1853 3/15/1854 3/16/1854 3/17/1854 10/19/1867 10/30/1867DVHR, v. 2, Rev. A.F. White and Mrs. C.T. White entry dated 5/29/1873 6/05/1873 7/10/1873 8/17/1869 8/19/1869 9/02/1869 9/12/1869!As of September 16 no more shocks 10/07/1869 10/21/1869 12/06/1869*[aftershock]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 23 5/13/1887 8/10/1890 8/21/1890/VHR, v. 2, Chas. Lancaster entry dated 1/8/1876 2/13/1876 10/02/1874 10/10/1874 11/09/1874 12/05/1874 12/29/1874 1/10/1875>Lyman notes: three shocks within 40 minutes between 2 and 3 PM 4/13/1870 5/02/18702Wyss and others, 1992, p. 12; Martin, 1979, p. 151 7/21/1868 7/22/1868#VHR, v. 2, G. entry dated 7/10/1874[suggests east rift intrusion leading to south flank release on 12/12/1838; this may explain why the eruption two years later, in April 1840, was nearly aseismic]; Lyman, 1859; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8 11/13/1838 11/30/1838Ely, 1825, p. 6869/6/1825 11/06/1838/Lyman notes: a shock a few minutes before 10 amA[Lyman, 1859 gives time as midnight]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8 11/07/1838 8/05/1887 8/07/1887 9/30/1873 10/04/1873 11/13/1873 12/13/1873 1/01/1874 1/15/1874 2/06/1874 2/12/1874 3/04/1874:Lyman notes: it is said there were two shakes in the night 3/28/1874 4/10/1874 4/27/1874 4/30/1874 5/15/1868 5/16/1868 5/17/1868 5/18/1868 5/19/1868Lyman notes: a shake 5/21/1868 5/22/1868 5/24/1868ml swr felt-Konahilea 8/20/1868 8/21/1868 8/22/1868 8/23/1868+Lyman notes: three shakes during last night 8/25/1868 9/01/1870 11/26/1863,Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; PCA, 12/3/1863 2/15/1864PCA, 5/21/1877 5/31/1877 8/02/1877 8/18/1877 8/30/1877 9/28/1877 11/30/1877 12/10/1877 1/28/1878 4/21/1878 3/16/1869 3/18/1869 3/24/1869 4/14/1869 4/19/1869 4/21/1869VI (W&K); 6.0 (Hilo-Cox) 5/29/1869 5/30/1869*Lyman notes: a smart shock towards morning 6/05/1869 6/09/18694.6 (Hilo-Cox) 6/22/1869 6/23/1869)PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/22/1868, p. 3MPCA, 3/18/1865 [letter from missionary Gulick at Waiohinu dated Mar. 6, 1865]PCA, 1/2/1862, p. 2jWarshauer notes: several severe shocks of earthquake felt on the Kona side of Hawaii during the past monthPCA, 1/30/1862, p. 2 2/15/1871 2/19/1871lanai6.8; 7.08Cox, 1986; PCA, 12/26/1861, p. 2; Polynesian, 12/28/1861W&K; Cox, 1985, 1986 10/01/1870\earthquakes in late September-early October coincident with very low Kilauea lava lake levelWood, 1917 chart 1, p. 117 10/30/1870 9/13/1868 9/15/1868 9/16/1868 felt-Kapapala 9/17/1868 1/18/1869oahu?6.0 (Hilo-Cox)WCoan, 1839 [letter from F. Coan to Maria C. Robinson from Hilo, HI dated Mar. 12, 1839] kl cal 0-5?3Wood, 1917, p. 113 [quoting letter from Titus Coan] 12/31/1850 3/04/1851kaoiki??Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11 11/07/1867 12/29/1867 1/17/1868 2/02/1868 3/27/1868 3/28/1868 5/14/1834-Lyman notes: a heavy shock between 2 and 3 PM8/3/1834SGreenwell, Henry N [unpub. journal, 9/30/1881, provi< ded courtesy of Jean Greenwell] 10/1/1881 7/11/1871 8/10/1871 8/12/1871 11/18/1875 11/23/1875 4/01/1871 4/09/1871 4/14/1871 6/08/18583.5 (Hilo-Cox)V (S&C); 4.0 (Hilo-Cox)ELyman notes: one or two slight shocks during the last half of October 5/11/1868 1/03/1870[Mokuaweoweo was active intermittently between this date and February 13/1876; longest continuous period was from about 4/20/1873 to 10/20/1874]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 15; Dana, 1888a 1/07/1870 1/13/1870 2/26/1870 3/14/1870 3/21/1870#VII (W&K); 6.0 (Hilo-Cox); V (S&C) 8/17/1868 6/29/1874 7/01/1874LHG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Lyman, 1868c]'HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]<PCA, 4/4/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b] 3/23/1835 1/03/1896Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118 10/20/1886 3/19/1886 3/20/1886 4/23/1886 4/25/1886 4/29/1886kl sf?? 11/09/1888 11/20/1888 9/27/1871 10/02/1871 5/24/1869 1/23/1869 1/30/18692.8 (Hilo-Cox)4.3 (Hilo-Cox) 1/31/1869 2/02/1869 2/04/1869=Lyman notes: a short decided up and down shake after midnight 2/11/1869V (W&K); 6.0 (Hilo-Cox) 8/28/1884 9/15/1884 3/01/1888 5/08/1888V; 5.0 (hawaii; 6.0-Hilo-Cox) 4/20/1868 4/21/1868 4/29/1868 8/18/1872 8/19/1872 10/13/1872 4/28/1877 5/04/1877 2/08/1873 2/11/1873 2/14/1873 3/29/1873 4/24/1873 5/28/18735/8/1886VHR, v. 3, 5/8 entry 7/28/1886 8/01/1886 10/18/1886 10/19/1886c[Mauna Loa north flank eruption begins] Lyman, H.J., 1859; PCA, 1/27/1859, p.2; PCA, 2/3/1859, p. 26PCA, 4/11/1868, p. 3 [letter from Kau dated 3/29/1868]2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 15; PCA, 4/13/1870, p. 3"Perrey, 1867; PCA, 6/14/1860, p. 2a heavy shock at Kaawaloa, preceded by rumbling; motion so rapid that it woke us from sleep and shook us violently; standing persons thrown suddenly to the earth, lying persons tossed from side to side; acc by landslides from Kealakekua paliQuake felt in Kona. We hear of the breaking out of a new volcano near the center of the island, this was followed by a shock of earthquakekl sf~7W&KIX (S&C) 9/21/1868 4/03/1868Warshauer notes: On the 1st of June, at 3 o'clock A.M., we had a quite severe shock of an earthquake [at Hilo]. It awoke persons out of a sound sleep, and lasted about two minutes.2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10; PCA, 6/13/1861, p. 2 4/12/1829 2/01/18406.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (S&C) 1/10/1832 kl cal 05-10? 6/20/1832 7/06/1859 2/18/1869VI (W&K); 6.5 (Hilo-Cox) 4/19/1868dLava reappears in Kilauea crater; reports from Kau indicate eruption over two days ago [date wrong?]3VHR, v. 1, William Hillebrand entry dated 4/18/1868 2/17/1852Location/felt reportComment 2/08/1880 6/16/1894Mauna Loa summit eruption begins. Eruption at Mauna Loa summit began at 6:00 a.m. on March 27, and was over by 8:00 p.m. Fuming, but no glow, was seen advancing down the southwest rift zone until the 29th; Warshauer notes: Eruption was first seen on Thursday night [03/26--this is the earliest report of the summit eruption], seemingly near the 1859 vent; lasts one day; Williamson reports smoke at 5:45 am 3/08/1868 12/07/1869 12/28/18695.2 (Hilo-Cox) 10/19/18723Warshauer notes: Pause in Mauna Loa summit eruptionPCA, 10/19/1872 11/30/1872 12/07/1872RWarshauer notes: resumption of Mauna Loa summit eruption; eruption over by Dec. 11 6/10/1868 6/16/1868 7/07/1868 7/08/1868 7/11/1868 7/12/1868 7/16/1868 7/20/18682Mauna Loa eruption in Kealakekua Bay, over by 2/26?Whitney, 1877; Dana, 1888a, p. 29; PCA, 3/3/1877, p. 3; see bibPCA, 3/10/1877, p. 3^PCA, 5/12/1877, p. 3; HG, 5/16/1877, p. 2; VHR, v. 2, [signature unclear] entry dated 5/5/1877WWyss and others, 1992, p. 19; PCA, 2/24/1877, p. 3; HG, 2/28/1877, p. 3; PCA, 3/31/1877felt downtown Honolulu and Punahou; slight on oahu, more strongly on Molokai, where slight shocks have been frequent since February 19 6/23/1871FWyss and others, 1992, p. 17; HG, 2/18/1874, p. 3; HG, 2/25/1874, p. 3PGreen, 1834 [Letter to Rev. R. Anderson, dated Wailuku, Maui, November 12, 1834]I[Lyman, 1859 gives time as twenty past 3 am]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8 3/29/1847(Lyman notes: a shock between 9 & 10 A.M. 10/14/1847 5/21/1879 6/29/1879 11/04/1879 2/06/1890 2/10/1890 2/15/1890IWood, 1917 chart 1, p. 117; VHR, v. 2, A. McF. Davis entry dated 1/1/1876 1/08/1876 kl cal 0-5 8/12/1868 8/14/1868~6 5/05/1868 5/06/1868/Lyman notes: a shock in the night and two today 8/30/1873 9/03/1873 9/05/1873 9/01/1844ml mok? 7/09/1848 12/05/1848 5/11/1869 9/06/1863Dibble, 1832 [letter to Samuel Ruggles from Hilo?, HI dated Jan. 14, 1832]; 1839; Green, 1832 [letter to Levi Chamberlain from Byron's Bay (Hilo, HI) dated Jan. 7, 1832]; 1833"Perrey, 1861; PCA, 8/5/1858, p. 2 5/18/1841 8/29/1868 9/05/1868 9/06/1868 9/08/1868 9/11/1868 9/12/1868Warshauer notes: A little before ten o'clock on Wednesday evening [Mar. 15], a sensible shock of earthquake was felt by several persons in town. The vibration was sufficient in one case to cause a feeling of nausea, and set a hanging lamp to swingingRWilliamson absent from Hawaii in June, which explains gap in his newspaper reports 7/08/1869 8/01/1869 8/12/1869 8/14/1869 8/15/1869V (S&C); 5.7 (Hilo-Cox) 5/20/1869 5/25/1868Mauna Loa lower southwest rift eruption begins. Capt. Brown reports the Mauna Loa flank eruption as beginning about 5 pm on April 7Anonymous, 18413/6/1843Cox notes: felt Oahu and Maui but not Haw      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~aii; awakened 'all hands' on Maui; probably Molokai-Lanai vic.; Warshauer notes: heavy eq on Oahu, 2 distinct shocks, felt with fright sitting/standing/walking, houses shaken, plaster fell; ink spilled at Lahaina; first quake lifted buildings/houses up and down, followed by e-w motion, shook windows/glassware/crockery as if under bombardmentmWyss and others, 1992, p. 13; HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; Martin, 1979, p. 152; Williamson, 1869ffelt-Kapapala, sharp shock between 4 and 5 am [should be moderate from tabulation in Williamson, 1869]9HG, 10/7/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868d]; Williamson, 1869Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8 10/03/18330Wyss and others, 1992, p. 19; HG, 8/8/1877, p. 3 9/11/1878PCA, 9/21/1878, p. 3PCA, 2/15/1879, p. 3 10/13/18335.0 (Hilo-Cox) 2/19/1834 south hawaii?int 8/31/1821V (W&K; S&C); 5.2 (Hilo-Cox) 11/09/1879 11/27/1879 7/29/1873 8/28/18735/9/1877)Lyman notes: two easy shakes in the night 5/26/1868 5/27/1868 5/28/1868 5/29/1868 6/03/1868 6/04/1868 6/05/1868 6/06/1868 6/07/18680Lyman notes: a slight shock between 10 and 11 am 3/09/1869k . . . The crater of Kilauea he [Capt. Gelett] found unusually active, the old 'South Lake' having filled and overflown with streams of lava a mile in extent. . . . This, taken in connection with the late renewed activity in the summit crater [Mokuaweoweo], and the frequent earthquakes, indicates that the volcano on Hawaii is preparing for a new eruption. . . .PCA, 4/13/1870, p. 3. . . . Several severe shocks of earthquake have been felt in the districts of Hilo and Kau during the past few weeks, one of some three weeks ago was the most severe that has been felt since the Earthquake times of two years ago 8/31/1842 11/09/1842SHG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 [list of earthquakes on 3/28-31/1868, from Rev. C.G. Williamson]HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 1/31/1837Damon, 1950, p. 90 11/17/1838vCox, 1986 [See his evaluation of the entire earthquake sequence]; Perrey, 1864; PCA, 12/12/1861; Polynesian, 12/07/61 12/31/1849 . . . You are aware that we have earthquakes on this island The last time T. was in Puna [Dec. 1838] we experienced a shock which tore off plastering from our house, threw down stone walls, spilled milk out of pans, and water out of pails &c. We live in a twostory weak-framed house . . .V (W&K); 5.5 (Hilo-Cox)hawaiiDibble, 1832 [letter to Samuel Ruggles from Hilo?, HI dated Jan. 14, 1832]; Dibble, 1839, p. 49-52 [ea< rthquake swarm implies possible east rift intrusion; cracking and subsidence of Kilauea caldera implies sub-caldera shock] 6/13/1845 6/30/1855 8/03/1855 8/11/1855 9/18/1868Lyman notes: a heavy shock 2/28/1848 4/19/1848 east hawaii? 3/26/18354.5 (Hilo-Cox) 7/21/1835 9/06/1835!Lyman notes: a shock at 2 or 3 am 6/20/18375.5 (Hilo-Cox) 1/19/1838 1/29/1838south hawaii?? 7/09/1838,Lyman notes: a slight shock between 8&9 A.M. 10/16/18382.5 (Hilo-Cox) 4/09/1868 4/10/1868 4/11/1868 4/12/1868&Mauna Loa southwest rift eruption endsa moderate shock 11/19/1886 1/11/18871/9/1826 8/26/1854 10/29/1854 3/18/1855 7/05/1858 9/25/1871 7/15/1872 8/17/1872Lyman notes: a shock at five AM9Lyman notes: A shock at half past nine evening; not heavy"Lyman notes: A shock at seven P.M.KLyman notes: two during the month-one in the night and the other in daytimeLyman notes: a shock at 10 AM)Lyman notes: A severe shock at 6 1/2 P.M.#Lyman notes: a slight shock at 7 AM%Lyman notes: a heavy shock about 3 PM1Lyman notes: a heavy shock at 5 PM (date missing)5.0 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K) 3/11/1841ml wf??eLyman notes: one shock; time forgotten (no date given); a smart shock in the night [no time or date] 3/29/1868 3/30/1868 3/31/1868 4/01/1868 8/26/1868=Lyman notes: a smart jar before morning; a smart shock or jar  Warshauer notes cont.: [a native living in Keaiwa describes] the most violent earthquake he has ever experienced. He was up when [they] heard a loud report [followed by] slight shocks of the earthquake which increased in severity every shock for a minute or so, then passed off as it came, with slight shocks. [Dur 3 or 4 min], shock after shock shaking the house as if it would tear it from its foundation. Windows and doors rattling, and bottles falling. . . . great convulsions and noises in the earth right under our house. . . . After the hard shocks, it passed off gradually. Shortly after, . . . a report as if something had come bounding up against the side of the mountain . . till it reached us as another shock, but it did not continue very long. . . as many as five more slight shocks before morning! Our stone walls are tumbled down in six different places. Doors . . . shut as tight as could be, were opened; and the safe door . . was unfastened . . . All over the house we find things thrown down and tipped over. . . 4/14/1868HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2VWarshauer notes: the bottom of the crater had fallen in again and the fire disappeared 2/22/1871 8/13/1872HG, 8/21/1872, p. 3 8/21/1872 9/09/1872PCA, 9/25/1872, p. 21Wyss and others, 1992, p. 17; PCA, 8/9/1873, p. 3 8/13/1873HG, 8/13/1873, p. 3Warshauer notes: A correspondent at Hilo writes that there have been several shocks of earthquake there, and though none were really alarming, they were the heaviest felt for months. . . . 11/03/1873HG, 11/12/1873, p. 3PCA, 3/31/1877, p. 3 10/20/1871PCA, 4/17/1875, p. 3 11/05/1838 6/30/18333.0 (Hilo-Cox)Lyman notes: one shock 5/14/1864 3/03/1865kaoiki? 7/17/1865 8/26/18654.0 (Hilo-Cox) 12/15/1843 4/13/1868 4/15/1868 4/18/1868 9/17/1855 11/02/1855Wyss and others, 1992, p. 10 1/08/1856 8/18/1856V 11/04/1856 11/08/1838kl ler?ULyman notes: several shocks during the day and twelve distinct ones during the night; PCA, 2/6/1875 9/25/1880iLyman notes: A smart shock at 8 1/2 P.M., the vibrations continuing several seconds; premonitory distinct2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 26; PCA, 5/10/1898, p. 7PCA, 12/141895, p. 1 6/14/1877 2/26/1877 5/14/1874HG, 5/27/1874, p. 3 2/17/1871 2/18/1871HG, 3/1/1871, p. 21Wyss and others, 1992, p. 18; HG, 4/19/1876, p. 3~Lyman notes: a shake a little before midnight; assume light from Williamson's 1869 tabulation of three light shocks in October 1/13/1871eWarshauer notes: Some severe shocks of earthquake . . . have been felt in Kona, Kau and Hilo recently5PCA, 8/17/1872, p. 3; HG, 8/21/1872, p. 3; Coan, 1872 4/05/1841 7/16/1859 alenuihaha? 11/24/1859#Mauna Loa north flank eruption ends 2/14/1860 6/01/1860 6/08/1860 7/18/18606.5 (Hilo-Cox); V (W&K; S&C) 4/02/1868Lyman notes: A heavy shock at 3 1/2 A.M.; Warshauer notes: An unusually severe shock of occurred at Hilo, about 4 o'clock on the morning of the 26th--the heaviest that has been experienced there for many years.%Lyman notes: One shock at 12 1/2 noonuKinney, 1849 [letter to Rufus Anderson dated May 30, 1849 from H. Kinney (continuation dated Jun. 1) at Waiohinu, HI]AParis, 1854 [Letter to Armstrong dated Kaawaloa, March, 17, 1854]PCA, 9/11/1856, p. 3Warshauer notes: Now that Pele has been shaking the neighboring country [Hilo dateline], a fresh burst of activity may be expected in a short while. 4/24/1896"PCA, 5/1/1896, p. 1 [Dodge, 1896a] 7/14/1851 8/21/1851 2/18/1844Warshauer notes: At 1 A.M. Friday, March 3, we were awakened from sleep by the most severe earthquake that we have ever experienced. The shock was accompanied by a heavy rumbling sound, which with the violent rattling of every door and window in the house, startled from their slumber twenty-four out of twenty-six inmates of our house. The first and most violent shock seemed to continue with a quick rumbling motion for half a minute after we were fairly awake. A few minutes later two slight shocks were noticed. A band-box which fell from a shelf, was the only article which was displaced in our house . . . A few persons ran out of their houses . . . The dogs of the village set of a most vigorous barking . . . The shock . . . was felt in Kona . . . A correspondent writes us from Hawaii that several very severe shocks of earthquake have been felt lately . . . The summit of Mauna Loa has been very smoky, which gives rise to the supposition that the fires in the summit crater are again activePCA, 1/29/1870, p. 3 3/12/1870PCA, 3/12/1870, p. 3'HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 27Warshauer notes: A severe shock, or series of shocks, was felt at Hilo about 9 am on the 14th instant. Along the coast, from Hilo to Waimea it is reported to have been the heaviest shake experienced for a long time. Simultaneously with this earthquake, the crater of Kilauea has become more brilliant and active 8/29/1874i[precursor to 1877 submarine eruption]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 19; PCA, 2/24/1877, p. 3; PCA, 3/3/1877HG, 2/28/1877, p. 3PCA, 3/18/1902, p. 9@Warshauer notes: 9th, 6:25 p.m. [felt at Waimea, Kohala and HiloWarshauer notes: On Tuesday afternoon the activity in the crater apparently ceased and at 4 o'clock the molten lava made its appearance on the edge of the ridge about 3000 feet from the summit and in about [copy cut off]9PCA, 7/29/1899, p. 3 [Whitney, 1899]; HT, 7/29/1899, p. 5 1/31/1896PCA, 2/5/1896, p. 2CLyman notes: A protracted & tolerably smart shock at 9 o clock A.M.?Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 1/2 P.M. [date in June omitted]FLyman notes: A tolerably smart shock at 8 1/2 P.M., motion up and downWarshauer notes: A slight earthquake shock was felt in the city [Honolulu] at 6:50 yesterday morning. A noticeable tremor was felt at the weather observatory at Punahou; A slight shock of earthquake was felt in Hilo at 6:55 on Friday morning [Aug. 19])PCA, 8/20/1898, p. 7; HT, 8/20/1898, p. 5+PCA, 12/141895, p. 1; PCA, 12/18/1895, p. 1 12/12/1895Mauna Loa summit eruption. Coan notes: Began at 3:30 AM, over within 24 hours; Dana notes: Dana remarks on the quietness of the outbreak in 1852, unaccompanied by earthquakes perceptible at the base of the mountainAnonymous, 1851; Coan, 1852'Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 3/4 A.M$Lyman notes: A smart shock at 5 A.M.(Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 1/2 A.M.$Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 P.M.Warshauer notes: A slight earthquake was felt in Hilo last Friday afternoon at 2:25 p.m.; Earthquake felt at Hilo and Pepeekeo on Aug. 8th at 2:15 p.m. [discrepant times-probably same event]#Warshauer notes: Hil< o, 15--2:26 p.m4Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; PCA, 11/16/1900, p. 12PCA, 1/17/1901, p. 123Wyss and others, 1992, p. 28; PCA, 2/15/1901, p. 14 1/16/1900&Lyman notes: two slight shocks at 8 PM1Wyss and others, 1992, p. 8; Martin, 1979, p. 108maui?? 4/07/18413Lyman notes: a slight jar; a trembling of the earth 5/28/1841 6/26/1841!Lyman notes: a shock in the nightWyss and others, 1992, p. 9 7/03/1841 1/11/1874HG, 1/14/1874, p. 3NHG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; HG, 4/29/68, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]UWarshauer notes: There was a slight shock of earthquake at 7:30 Monday night [Dec. 2]HH, 12/5/1901, p. 7{Lyman notes: see entry for 6 am; Wednesday morning (April 1st,) about sunrise, there was a hard shake; felt-Kona, Hilo, KaueMauna Loa summit eruption; begin Aug. 7 or 8, over in 3-4 or 12 days, according to different accounts 5/30/1849 5/25/1849Lyman notes: two shocks; . . . the other at 20 minutes before two p.m.; motion up and down, gentle and easy; Forbes note: In a short time afterward followed 3 others, at short intervals. Cox, 1986; PCA, 12/26/1861, p. 2<PCA, 3/31/1859, p. 2 [A correspondent from Kona, dated 3/17] 11/28/1841 2/14/1842 8/15/18421Wyss and others, 1992, p. 16; HG, 7/15/1871, p. 3an explosion, no movement2Wyss and others, 1992, p. 14; PCA, 2/27/1869, p. 3 1/29/1870+Warshauer notes: Waimea, 10 p.m. on the 4th'HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]Warshauer notes: The summit crater of Mokuaweoweo was in most brilliant action on Sunday night last [Jan. 11], and the display was accompanied with a severe earthquake at 11 pm, which, however, produced no damage[Stover and Coffman, 1993 give date as April 21, 16:30]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 17]; PCA, 4/27/1872, p. 3; HG, 5/1/1872, p. 3EWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]UWhitney, 1880; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 20; PCA, 5/8/1880, p. 3; HG, 5/12/1880, p. 3 5/09/1880HG, 6/2/1880, p. 31Wyss and others, 1992, p. 20; HG, 8/25/1880, p. 3 1/30/1875 3/11/1896PCA, 3/11/1896, p. 7PCA, 3/29/1879, p. 3 4/20/1879-do; slept again, missing several light shocksZWyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2\VHR, v. 1, William Hillebrand entry dated 4/18/1868; HG, 4/29/1868, p. 2 [Williamson, 1868c]LHG, 4/15/1868, p. 3 [Williamson, 1868b]; PCA, 4/15/1868, p.3 [Whitney, 1868] 6/30/1868 12/07/1870PCA, 12/10/1870, p. 3Perrey, 1873; Williamson, 1869PCA, 10/28/1871, p. 30Wyss and others, 1992, p. 11; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 24Lyman, 1868; PCA, 4/1/1868, p. 3; HG, 4/8/1868, p. 2 4/27/1843 7/31/1843 1/08/1872$PCA, 7/29/1899, p. 3 [Whitney, 1899] 7/24/1899PCA, 7/08?/1899, p. ?PCA, 12/17/1901, p. 9>Lyman notes: a smart shock at 2 AM; VHR-no entry for this datejLyman notes: At 11 3/4 P.M. a slight shock which was felt in Kau; not mentioned in VHR entry for this datePCA, 11/17/1902, p. 4%Lyman notes: slight shock at midnightPCA, 12/15/1902, p. 12%Warshauer notes: Kohala, 9th, 11 a.m.PCA, 1/13/1872, p. 3A slight shock of earthquake was noticed [in Honolulu] on Monday evening last [Jan. 8], at about half-past eight o'clock. A hanging lamp, and a watch-chain, suspended clear from a hook, were seen to vibrate sensibly. The motion was from south to north, and lasted about ten secondsELyman notes: a smart shock; the vibrations continuing several secondsMWarshauer notes: An earthquake at Hamakua and Waimea on the 16th at 4:25 p.m.EWarshauer notes: Earthquake, Pepeekeo, Hilo, reports 15th, 12:45 p.m.PCA, 8/15/1902, p. 125Warshauer notes: Earthquake at Hilo, 26th, at 3:45 am3Wyss and others, 1992, p. 28; PCA, 5/18/1901, p. 11 4/26/1901PCA, 5/18/1901, p. 11Lyman notes: A shock at 4 P.M.;Lyman notes: two shocks at 4 AM; VHR-no entry for this date>Lyman notes: A shock at 9 1/4 P.M.; VHR-no entry for this date1Wyss and others, 1992, p. 16; HG, 1/17/1872, p. 3V (W&K); 5.0 (Hilo-Cox) 1/09/1843<Mauna Loa summit (5 days) and north flank eruption (90 days) 3/08/1843 5/11/1851 4/01/1876Warshauer notes: Yesterday, a little after 12 o'clock, the weight of Flitner's astronomical clock [in Honolulu] was observed to vibrate sensibly, the direction being from N.E. to S.W. The movement of the earth, if there was one, was so slight as not to be noticed so far as we have heard; In our issue of the 14th inst., we mentioned the fact that on the previous day (Friday) the weight of the astronomical clock in this city was observed to vibrate sensibly, between the hours of 12 and 1 o'clock, the motion being from N.E. to S.W. By passengers . . . from Kona, Hawaii, we learn that quite a number of light earth tremors had been experienced of late, and one was noted on Friday, the 13th--the precise hour not however being remembered; felt-Kona?%Lyman notes: A severe shock at 4 P.M.%Warshauer notes: . . . the severest shock since 1868 was felt [atVolcano house] at one minute before 5 a.m. Sunday. . . . [At Hilo] the shock came from NE to SW, light in the beginning and growing stronger during the 10 seconds it lasted. Dishes were thrown from the shelves in private houses and bottles from shelves and tables in the business section . . . [At] Wainaku . . . several pieces of valuable statuary and bric-a-brac . . . were thrown from their places and smashed to pieces. . . As an evidence of the shock a crack beginning at the sea and running north for half a mile [can be seen]. . . . the stone wall around the Catholic Mission was thrown to the ground and one tree uprooted. . . . shock at the crater was not as severe as in Hilo [not felt by some]. . . shock was severe [in Kohala], no damage. . . most severe shock experienced [on Maui] in many years. . . the shock was severely felt at every point [on Hawaii], no disturbance of the sea . . ; strong at Hamakua, light at Kau and Kona, crack in lava at Kilauea, Oahu considerably shakenMPCA, 9/16/1896, p. 1; HH, 9/17/1896; see bib for more complete damage reportsDWyss and others, 1992, p. 25; PCA, 11/23/1896; PCA, 11/25/1896, p. 3PCA, 11/?/1896 11/24/1896%VHR entry of 6/5/1896; PCA, 5/14/18961Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; PCA, 1/9/1899, p. 9 3/24/1899PCA, 4/28/1896, p. 7mWarshauer notes: Glow was first reported at the summit of Mauna Loa at 8:00 p.m. on April 24, 1896 [Apr. 20?]*PCA, 4/23/1896, p. 1; PCA, 4/29/1896, p. 6 6/30/18965/3/1896HWarshauer notes: The eruption in Mokuaweoweo had waned as of May 3, 1896PCA, 5/4/1896, p. 1CWyss and others, 1992, p. 27; HT, 10/13/1900, p. 5; PCA, 11/16/1900HT, 12/24/1898, p. 5ZWarshauer notes: There was a sharp shock of earthquake at 1:45 yesterday morning [Jan. 16]HH, 1/17/1900, p. 5HT, 3/3/1900, p. 5HT, 6/2/1900, p. 51Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; HT, 7/14/1900, p. 52Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; PCA, 7/19/1900, p. 7+Lyman notes: Two heavy shocks at 3 1/2 P.M.*HT, 8/15/1902. P. 5; PCA, 9/16/1902, p. 12PCA, 9/16/1902, p. 122Lyman notes: [no earthquakes reported during 1849]-Lyman notes: Slight shock at 2 in the morningCoan, 1852; Dana, 1852HLyman notes: a protracted and rather heavy shock (no date or time given)%Lyman notes: A slight shock at 3 A.M.#Lyman notes: a smart shock at 11 PM+PCA, 3/25/1901, p. 11; PCA, 4/16/1901, p. 8Warshauer notes: a slight shock of earthquake was felt [in Hilo] at 7:15 yesterday [Mar. 21] morning; Earthquake at Hilo, 21st, 7:15 a.m.GLyman notes: long trembling motion; Warshauer notes: One of the heaviest earthquake shocks in recent years was experienced by the people of Honokaa shortly after 7 o'clock Tuesday night. Disturbances were reported at the same time by people in Waimea. The shock was noticed in Hilo and Olaa; Hilo, 11th, 6:45 p.m. [same event?] 12/02/19010Lyman notes: A slight shock was felt near 3 A.M.Lyman notes: A long tremble at 9 in the evening; Warshauer notes: On the night of March 6th, at 9:10 o'clock, we had another shake; . . . and when we could see across the crater at 4 am, we found that the cones have sunken still further, leaving only the highest points to be seen above the < edge of the crater floor; it was also shaking [at Half-way House] on the 6th; On Friday eve of last week [Mar. 6] there were four slight earthquakes felt in town [Hilo];Lyman notes: Several very slight shocks between April & Oct}Lyman notes: Ten minutes before 9 P.M. three separate earthquakes - none of them very hard, ending with a very slight tremble9Lyman notes: Quarter to 3 P.M. two shocks distinctly feltDLyman notes: A smart shake at 1 1/2 A.M.; VHR-no entry for this date?Lyman notes: a slight shock at 8 PM; VHR-no entry for this date3[aftershock]; Cox, 1985, 1986; PCA, 3/11/1871, p. 3 3/15/1871.Lyman notes: a slight shock at 4 AM; one shock'Warshauer notes: Hilo, 23rd, 11:25 p.m.'Warshauer notes: Papaaloa, 26th, 7 p.m.&Warshauer notes: Papaaloa, 27th, 3 a.mPCA, 10/15/1902, p. 124Wyss and others, 1992, p. 28; PCA, 10/15/1902, p. 12+Warshauer notes: Kealakekua 19th, 5:30 p.m.*Warshauer notes: Pepeekeo, 24th, 9:30 p.m.9PCA, 4/18/1868, p. 3 [Whitney, 1868]; HG, 4/15/1868, p. 2'Warshauer notes: Kohala, 4th, 12:20 a.m;Warshauer notes: Hilo, 13th, 6 p.m., Waimea, 13th, 6:15 p.mPCA, 4/17/1903, p. 5 2/15/18773Wyss and others, 1992, p. 19; PCA, 11/15/1879, p. 3 12/16/1879HG, 12/24/1879, p. 3 west hawaii?nWarshauer notes: A correspondent at Kona says they have had only three light shocks of earthquake lately. . . HG, 8/29/1874, p. 3 10/26/1876PCA, 10/28/1876, p. 3 HG, 5/16/1877, p. 2Lyman notes: one shock decidedly felt-windows and doors rattled; Warshauer notes: A rather heavy earthquake shock was experienced in Kau about six o'clock yesterday morning. It was apparently quite restricted in area, as no effects were felt in this vicinity [Hilo]; Punaluu, Kau, Aug. 13.--On August 5, at 6:30 a.m., there was a very heavy earthquake shock in this district--the strongest felt here in some time. It shook dishes, etc., up in great shapeFWyss and others, 1992, p. 26; HT, 8/6/1898, p. 5; PCA, 8/22/1898, p. 31Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; HT, 9/17/1898, p. 5Warshauer notes; . . . Subsequently the eruption subsided here but broke out again on Monday the 7th in the bottom of the pit [Kilauea crater floor], right on the path from the volcano house to the South Lake. . . PCA, 5/12/1877, p. 3 5/07/1877 5/10/1877HWarshauer notes: An earthquake was reported at Hilo March 30, 10:09 p.m.PCA, 4/15/1902, p. 12PCA, 6/2/1902, p. 7PCA, 7/15/1902, p. 12?Warshauer notes: An earthquake at Hilo on the 13th at 6:20 a.m.cox time is 3 am; Lyman notes: Two shocks at 3:20 P.M. The second heavier than first, but nothing disturbed; Warshauer notes: On Thursday pm at 3 o'clock a very heavy shock of earthquake disturbed the repose of our usually quiet town. At first the shock as gentle, but as the second came it was harder, and finally wound up with a 'double twister' and 'under cut' that started everybody to their feet. It lasted about ten seconds, and gave us such a shaking as we have not had for a long time. . . YWilkes, 1845 [quoting D.B. Lyman]; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 34 [date misprinted as 1839]1Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118; PCA, 9/16/1902, p. 12%PCA, 11/?/1896; HH, 11/26/1896, p. 3 HH, 11/26/1896, p. 3 B[times corrected-mainshock felt at 10:08 pm] aftershock, felt-maui7felt downtown Honolulu and Punahou; not felt at Lahaina%PCA, 8/14/1875, p. 3, 8/21/1875, p. 3Lyman notes: 6 A.M. - another. It was reported that fire has come back into the crater at Kilauea & that there is a change with the look of the smokeHcox time is 2 am; Lyman notes: Slight shock felt in the night aft 2 a.m.8Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 25lava returned to Halemaumau; Lyman notes: fire returned in the lake at a great depth 450 ft below its rim. It continued in action only 3 or 4 weeks going out entirely on the night of Jan 28GLyman notes: several very slight shakes [in November-no dates or times]PCA, 12/6/1897, p. 8PCA, 3/1/1898, p. 3hLyman notes: between one & two P.M. one shock. There are many slight shocks, but we do not feel them allGLyman notes: Shortly after 2 P.M. a long continued trembling but slight 9/30/1891hLyman notes: At 5 o'clock Feb. 2. a slight shock [am assumed]; Warshauer notes: Advices from Kau state that the district was lately visited by quite a vigorous earthquake, which shook things up generally and disturbed some fences [assume same event; No mention of this event in subsequent Hilo/Hamakua notes]; Hawaii has had several shocks of earthquake latelyGLyman notes: A very gentle shake at 5 minutes to seven Feb. 8. evening.)Lyman notes: About 9. A.M. - slight shock}Lyman notes: Quarter after 12-A.M. - one shock that made the windows shake & awoke us all-course from the mountain to the seaTWyss and others, 1992, p. 22; PCA, 1/24/1887, p. 2; HG, 2/1/1887, p. 1; Jones, 1887aAt four o clock that afternoon [Apr. 2] there was such an awful rocking and heaving of the earth as we never felt before. . . a series of shocks following each other in quick succession the third of which drove us from the house. After a cessation of only one or two minutes, the fourth came, in which violent undulations, rotary, and most all other motions were combined or followed each other in quick succession. (At one moment the surface of the earth seemed to move like the surface of the ocean and the large trees to sway hither and thither-like ships masts in a storm. The few stone buildings in the place were ruined. The chimneys of cook and dwelling houses were thrown down. Clocks, mirrors and crockery, not firmly secured, were thrown down and broken. Cellar walls and underpinning were much damaged. Stone walls were generally prostrated, even the foundation stones being generally removed from their original position, and it was not easy to tell in which direction from the wall the larger portion of the stones had fallen.5Lyman notes: A moderate shock at half past three P.M.'Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 3 A.M.[apparently not felt at Mauna Loa summit]; Lyman notes: Shortly after 4.P.M. an earthquake with two shocks & long trembling with a good deal of noise. I felt it standing in the street; Warshauer notes: Two rather severe shocks of earthquake were experienced at Hilo on July 28th-Lyman notes: Just about 12 - noon - one shockELyman notes: A severe protracted shock at a quarter past four morning)Lyman notes: A slight shock at 8 1/4 P.M.8Lyman notes: A slight shock at a quarter to 12 midnight.#Lyman notes: a slight shock at 3 PM*Lyman notes: A slight shock at 10 1/4 A.M.,Wyss and others, 1992, p. 20; PCA, 8/27/1881lava returned to Halemaumau for three days only; Lyman notes: It was telephoned from the volcano that fire had come back into the crater.8Wood, 1917 chart 2, p. 118; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 26-Lyman notes: A smart shock at 8 A.M.; a shock$Lyman notes: A smart shock at 7 A.M.$Lyman notes: A smart shock at 4 A.M.)Lyman notes: A slight shock at 1 1/2 P.M.:Lyman notes: a slight shock-time forgotten (no date given)3PCA, 11/13/1880, p. 3; Wyss and others, 1992, p. 20 9/24/1880 10/22/1880 10/24/188< 0HG, 11/3/1880, p. 3Warshauer notes: at 7:29:30 yesterday morning a slight but distinct earthquake was felt in Punahou and also in Honolulu. A number of early risers also noticed that a tremblor was on; This morning (the 3rd) at 7:20 a.m., East Maui experienced two quite heavy shocks. The second vibration, was heavier than the first, making houses creak and windows rattle. There was an interval of a second or two between them; Earthquake noted at Hilo, Waimea and Kohala on the 3d between 7:20 and 7:25 a.m.PCA, 3/18/1903, p. 5&Warshauer notes: Hilo, 9th, 11:23 a.m.1Lyman notes: about 10 in the evening slight shock0Lyman notes: about 2 a.m. & 6 a.m. slight shocks 10/10/1896ALyman notes: About 15 mit of 8. P.M. - two shocks - North & South@cox time is 9:20 am; Lyman notes: Two slight shocks at 9:20 P.M.not noted in PCAcox time is 22:00; Lyman notes: One slight shock at 10 P.M.; Warshauer notes: Earthquake on Hawaii on the 7th, 10:30 p.m., also noticed at Honolulu+Lyman notes: Slight shock at 5:15 this A.M.gLyman notes: Tuesday Five minutes of five P.M. a decided shock. A long tremble & strong up & down shake 7/31/1898QLyman notes: Quarter after 12. A.M. one shock, with very slight premonitory shock;Lyman notes: About half past. 4 o clock a.m. - slight shock3Lyman notes: About 9 P.M. - one shock of earthquakeALyman notes: Quarter of 12 noon. one shock, not severe - We hear from the volcano that the lake pit has fallen still more, about 500 ft now, & stones are falling & there is a great deal of smoke - but no fire; a later note (12/13/95) states that the earthquakes of Nov. 5 were felt in Honolulu more heavily than on Hawaii3Lyman notes: Quarter after 2 P.M. two slight shocks 1/31/1892ELyman notes: During the month of Jan. several slight shocks were felt'Warshauer notes: Kohala, 15th, 6:15 a.mHT, 8/26/1899, p. 5 8/23/1899PCA, 8/28/1899, p. 11ILyman notes: Two smart shocks about five A.M. waking us from sound sleep.4Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27; PCA, 11/20/1899, p. 11PCA, 12/11/1899, p. 13{Lyman notes: There were twelve shocks counted during the night. -most of them easy, one however rocked the bed considerably#Lyman notes: a slight shock at 9 PM#Lyman notes: a slight shock at 6 PM'Lyman notes: a slight shock about 11 AM,Lyman notes: A moderate shock at 10 1/2 A.M.#Lyman notes: a smart shock at 10 AMLyman notes: Quite a severe shock at 8 1/2 P.M.; Warshauer notes: From Hawaii, we hear that three earthquakes have recently occurred on that island)Lyman notes: A slight shock at 7 1/2 P.M.%Lyman notes: A slight shock at 4 P.M. 8/13/1881@Wyss and others, 1992, p. 27 [am assumed]; PCA, 12/10/1898, p. 9 12/21