Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James C. Cole Originator: William A.Braddock Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Geologic Map of the Estes Park 30' x 60' Quadrangle, North-Central Colorado Edition: version 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM 3039 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. Publisher: United States Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3039 Description: Abstract: The rocks and landforms of the Estes Park 30' x 60' quadrangle display an exceptionally complete record of geologic history in the northern Front Range of Colorado. The Proterozoic basement rocks exposed in the core of the range preserve evidence of Paleoproterozoic marine sedimentation, volcanism, and regional soft-sediment deformation, followed by regional folding and gradational metamorphism. The metasedimentary rocks of the Estes Park quadrangle are distinct within northern Colorado for preserving the complete metamorphic zonation from low-grade chlorite-muscovite phyllites, through middle greenschist-grade rocks with sequential aluminous porphyroblasts, to partially melted gneisses that contain high-grade cordierite and garnet in the non-melted residues. Regional and textural evidence shows that the widespread metamorphism was essentially concurrent with intrusion of the Boulder Creek Granodiorite and related magmas and with the peak of deformation in the partially melted high-grade rocks. The metamorphic thermal pulse arrived later following the peak of deformation in the physically higher, cooler, low-grade terrane. Mesoproterozoic time was marked by intrusion of biotite granite in the Longs Peak-St Vrain batholith, a complex, irregular body that occupies nearly half of the core of the Front Range in this quadrangle. The magma was dry and viscous as it invaded the metamorphic rocks and caused wholesale plastic folding of the wall rock structure. Steep metamorphic foliation that resulted from the Paleoproterozoic deformations was bowed upward and re-oriented into flat-lying attitudes as the crystal-rich magma rose buoyantly and spread out in the middle crust. Magma invaded the schists and gneisses along weak foliation planes and produced a characteristic sill-upon-sill intrusive fabric, particularly in the higher parts of the batholith. Broad, open arches and swales that are defined by the flow-aligned feldspar foliation of the granite, as well as by compositional banding in the intruded and included metamorphic rocks, formed late during batholith emplacement due to rising, buoyant magma and sinking, dense wall rocks. The Longs Peak-St Vrain batholith was intruded into crust that was structurally neutral or moderately extending in an east- northeast direction. A broad zone of mylonite, the Moose Mountain shear zone, formed within the batholith during the final stages of consolidation as a result of differential buoyancy between the magma and dense wall rock, not as a result of regional tectonic deformation. Direct evidence of the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountains uplift is not present in this quadrangle, but the erosion of those highlands is recorded by Pennsylvanian and younger strata that unconformably overlie the Proterozoic basement rocks. The Phanerozoic sediments indicate a steady progression of fluvial, eolian, and lacustrine environments throughout most of the Mesozoic Era during times of relatively slow sediment accumulation. Early Cretaceous time was marked by incursion of the Western Interior seaway, a shallow-water marine embayment that persisted throughout the latter part of the Mesozoic Era. Cretaceous strata consist of abundant shale interbedded with relatively minor fine sandstone and limestone. Sedimentation rates increased markedly in the latter part of this period during downwarping related to distant crustal loading by thrusting along the western continental margin. Mountain building resumed in this region in latest Cretaceous time with onset of the Laramide orogeny. This deformation produced regional basement uplifts bounded by steep faults. The eastern margin of the Front Range is marked by high-angle reverse faults and drape folds in the Phanerozoic strata, and by the deep syncline of the Denver Basin. The western range margin is locally marked by the low-angle Never Summer thrust that formed in Paleocene time following uplift of the eastern range margin.Mafic-alkalic and alkali-calcic magmas intruded the southern part of the quadrangle during the Laramide orogeny in the period from about 78 to 45 Ma; these intrusions are parts of an extensive northeast-trending province of igneous and hydrothermal activity known as the Colorado Mineral Belt and are host to base and precious metal deposits. Post-Laramide time was marked by a prolonged period of weathering, erosion, and planation of the basement-rock surface, extending perhaps into late Oligocene or early Miocene time. Tuffaceous fluvial sediments of the Troublesome Formation, interlayered with upper Oligocene through middle Miocene volcanic rocks, record this element of the geologic history on the western side of the Front Range. Intrusive activity in the Never Summer Mountains during middle Oligocene time led to eruption of andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic lavas and welded tuffs that blanketed the landscape. Erosion on the eastern slope of the Front Range produced a broad, rolling surface surrounding residual highlands and east- trending fluvial channels filled with coarse, boulder gravel. Continued degradation of the mountainous highlands led to aggradation of a fluvial apron westward across the Laramide mountain front, probably equivalent to the Miocene Ogallala Formation on the High Plains. Low-gradient streams developed broad meandering paths across this aggraded apron. Renewed uplift of the Front Range during Pliocene time caused these meandering streams to incise rapidly and deeply into the Proterozoic basement rocks, producing the entrenched meanders that are characteristic of the major east-flowing streams west of the mountain front today. Significant global cooling during the Pliocene set the stage for glaciation during the Quaternary. In the Estes Park quadrangle, the renewed mountain uplift accentuated the topographic relief across the Continental Divide and established the altitude necessary to trigger and accumulate abundant snow and persistent ice. Mountain glaciers advanced and retreated during at least three major glacial-interglacial cycles during the middle and late Pleistocene in this area. Erosion continues on the High Plains east of the mountain front, and progressive incision of the drainage is recorded by at least five major gravel-clad terrace and pediment surfaces along the major fluvial channels that connect to the South Platte River system. The Estes Park quadrangle has diverse resources that have been exploited during the last 150 years. Early hard-rock and placer mining developed the hydrothermal deposits related to Laramide intrusions along the northern part of the Colorado Mineral Belt. Most of these deposits were vein fillings of gold and silver (native, arsenides, and tellurides) within fractures and breccias adjacent to the intrusions. The Boulder tungsten district produced iron tungstate (ferberite) and scheelite from hydrothermal veins and sericitic alteration zones. The Jamestown district produced fluorite, precious metals, and base-metal sulfides that accumulated in nested alteration zones around a younger, late Laramide syenite porphyry stock. Coal was extensively mined from Upper Cretaceous Laramie Formation seams in the Boulder-Weld coal field between the 1850's and the 1970's. Oil and gas are produced from well fields in the eastern part of the quadrangle. The hydrocarbons were generated during depositional burial of source rocks (mostly Lower Cretaceous shale) in the Denver Basin. Oil and gas are produced from interbedded sand sheets within structural traps in the Laramide folds along the mountain front, as well as from stratigraphic truncations and pinch-outs. Sand and gravel resources are widely developed in the stream-bed and fluvial-terrace deposits along all the major streams of the area. Dimension stone is quarried extensively from upper Paleozoic strata near the town of Lyons, and decorative rock is produced from the Dakota Group at many localities along the eastern mountain front. Tertiary dacite sills are quarried along the St Vrain Creek southwest of Lyons for road base, rip rap, and landscaping dimension stone. Water resources have been extensively developed throughout the region. Early settlers built systems of ditches and flumes to capture spring runoff from west of the Continental Divide and convey it to east-flowing streams for agricultural use on the Colorado Piedmont. Municipalities built high-altitude reservoirs in several drainages to store winter-spring snow pack and runoff for domestic supply and for agricultural use during the late summer. The most far-ranging water development project in the area is the Colorado-Big Thompson project that was constructed between 1938 and 1957 by the Bureau of Reclamation. It diverts as much as 220,000 acre-feet of water from the Colorado River drainage through a 13-mile tunnel beneath the Continental Divide to the Big Thompson River drainage. The total system diverts and stores water, generates power, and provides flood control, recreation, and regulated stream flow for much of northeastern Colorado. The geology of the Estes Park quadrangle presents some risks and hazards for certain human uses of the land. The mountainous terrain involves inherent hazards related to rock fall and debris flow. Landslides have occurred in several settings in the area where slopes are moderate and bedrock contains significant silt and clay, especially in the Troublesome Formation, glacial till in the Colorado River valley, and in the Laramie Formation. The Dakota Group exposed in the foothills hogback belt along the eastern mountain front has also generated distinctive block-glide landslides, in which entire sections of competent strata have detached along weak bedding planes and moved downslope. Many of these slides probably moved in the early Tertiary, but some may still be active today. Flooding in mountain valleys has occurred in historic times in most of the major canyons of the Front Range. Summer thunderstorms statistically drop much of their precipitation between about 7,000 ft and 9,500 ft elevation, which coincides with the upper reach of the deeply incised canyons within the core of the range. The 1976 Big Thompson River flood demonstrated that these two conditions together can lead to intense, concentrated runoff, highly elevated stream power, and intense local damage along the narrow canyon floors. Purpose: This map and report were produced in order to summarize regional geologic information for this part of the Front Range and to provide a concise summary of the geologic history. Geologic hazards and resources are described and discussed with reference to more comprehensive reports by others. Supplemental_Information: Coverages included in this geospatial database: epgeo: polygon coverage of geologic units and faults epfold: line coverage of geologic fold axes epdike: line coverage of dikes and sills epmiso: line coverage of mineral isograds eppts: strike and dip measurements and other point features Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none currently planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -106.0000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -105.0000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.50000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.00000000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: Geologic map Theme_Keyword: Colorado Front Range Theme_Keyword: Southern Rocky Mountains Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Estes Park Place_Keyword: Boulder County Place_Keyword: Broomfield County Place_Keyword: Grand County Place_Keyword: Larimer County Place_Keyword: Weld County Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute Glossary of Geology Temporal_Keyword: Proterozoic Temporal_Keyword: Paleozoic Temporal_Keyword: Mesozoic Temporal_Keyword: Cenozoic Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Users of this geospatial database and geologic information derived there from should acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of the data. Although software enables a user to display images at various scales, map data in this report should not be used at scales greater than 1:100,000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: James C. Cole Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: MS 980, Box 25046 DFC City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1417 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jimcole@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3039 Browse_Graphic_File_Description: graphic representation of map layout Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Set_Credit: Theodore Brandt, U.S. Geological Survey, served as primary author of the GIS database. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows_XP, Intel ARC/INFO version 9.2 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data were entered and checked by the geologist that made the field observations and compilation. The attributes of this geospatial data set consist of text identifiers and numeric codes that indicate the identity of the geologic unit or type of geologic feature, and determine how each feature is colored or symbolized. To check the attribute accuracy, a color check plot was visually compared to the geologist's original compilation. Discrepancies between the digital geospatial data set and the original analog compilation were corrected as needed. Machine-created listings of unique attribute values were used to identify spelling errors or other inconsistencies, and corrections were made as needed. This map has been thoroughly reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Logical_Consistency_Report: Map elements were visually checked for overshoots, undershoots, duplicate features, polygon closure, and other errors by the authors and by the GIS technician(s) who created the digital database. Automated (ArcInfo) routines were also used to check the databases for polygon label errors, line or point attribution errors, sliver polygons, dangling arcs, intersection errors, and projection information. Check plots of the map were reviewed by another geologist and cartographer for consistency with basic geologic principles and general conformity to USGS mapping standards. Completeness_Report: Data are complete. No features that could be accurately represented at a scale of 1:100,000 were eliminated or generalized. The smallest area represented is approximately 95 square meters. All geospatial database elements are attributed. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Most digitized positions on the map that depict distinct contacts between rock formations in the field are estimated to be within 50 m of the actual contact on the land in most instances. Boundaries (lines) between Quaternary units (for example, terrace gravels) that correspond closely to distinct edges of landforms (for example, river terraces) are of comparable accuracy. Boundaries (lines) between some Quaternary units, such as eolian deposits and broad alluvial aprons, are approximately located within an indefinite gradational zone between them. Horizontal positional accuracy is tested by visual comparison of hard copy test plots to source maps or comparing locations of data on a computer monitor to other data layers in the same geographic area. The database contains no elevation data. Accuracy of these digital data indirectly depends on accuracy of the base maps on which the original source geologic maps were compiled. These base maps were made by the U.S. Geological Survey, which routinely checks them for compliance with the National Map Accuracy Standards. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Lewis, R. S. Originator: Derkey, P. D. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Digital geologic map of part of the Thompson Falls 1:100,000 quadrangle, Idaho Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: OFR 99-438 Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Lewis and Derkey (1999) Source_Contribution: GIS database structure source Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Braddock, W.A. Originator: Cole, J.C. Publication_Date: 1990 Title: Geologic map of Rocky Mountain National Park and vicinity, Colorado Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map Issue_Identification: I-1973 Source_Scale_Denominator: 50000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1990 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Braddock and Cole (1990) Source_Contribution: geologic data source Process_Step: Process_Description: Geology was mapped chiefly by W. A. Braddock and graduate students of the University of Colorado between about 1960 and 1995, under programs supported by USGS. Additional mapping by USGS staff included R. Colton (1976), D. Gable (1970-1976), G.Izett (1971- 1972), R. Madole (1959-1972 and 1991-1992), R. Pearson (1972-1973), and D. Trimble (1971-1972). Geology was revised and updated in some areas by J. Cole (2005-2006) Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geologic database was compiled using ArcInfo. Initial digitization of map features was performed by University of Colorado staff using AutoCad. Data were converted to ArcInfo format using AutoCad Map software. Process_Date: 2000 Process_Step: Process_Description: Checkplots of the coverages were printed and checked against source materials for accuracy and completeness. The database information was checked visually, as well as by using various routines in ArcInfo, for accuracy and consistency. Process_Date: 2007 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geologic database was revised using ArcInfo. Checkplots of the coverages were printed and checked against source materials for accuracy and completeness. The database information was checked visually, as well as by using various routines in ArcInfo, for accuracy and consistency. Process_Date: 2008 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata for the Geologic map of the Estes Park 30' x 60' quadrangle, Colorado mapping project were created by Theodore Brandt, U.S. Geological Survey. Process_Date: 2008 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 5 Ordinate_Resolution: 5 Planar_Distance_Units: METERS Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 13 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.0000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00 False_Easting: 500000.0000 False_Northing: 0.0000 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data are supplied in ArcInfo export format and ArcView shapefile format. DATABASE STRUCTURE - ArcInfo ==================================== This GIS database includes related look-up tables, which store detailed attribute information. This database structure is more fully described in USGS OFR 99-438. The GIS database structure used in the database includes symbol and pattern items in coverage point, polygon (PAT), and arc (AAT) attribute tables for user convenience. ArcInfo relates for each coverage are saved in a file named .rel. Use the RELATE command with the restore argument at the arc prompt to make the relates active. Alternatively, in ArcTools, use the Relate environment: open dialog in the Manage - Relates flyout menu under the ArcTools menu to make the relates active. epgeo coverage: Contains all contact lines and label points for each geologic polygon. In the .pat INFO file the SOURCE item provides a numeric code used to identify the data source for the rock unit. Complete references for the sources listed are listed in the epgeo.ref file. The LABEL item indicates the rock unit label (abbreviation) used to label unit on map. The MLABEL item indicates the rock unit label from GeoAge version 1.2 font, using geologic age letter symbols associated with the age of the lithologic units (for example: Triassic, Pennsylvanian, Cambrian). The DESC item defines formal or informal unit name. The SYMBOL item contains the shadeset symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot a filled/shaded polygon. The symbol numbers in this item refer to the wpgcmykg.shd shadeset included with the dataset. The PATTERN item contains the pattern number used in the published version of the map. Patterns that correspond with the pattern numbers are displayed in USGS OFR 99-430. There is no ArcInfo shadeset that corresponds to these patterns. In the epgeo.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric code used to identify type of linear feature. Linecodes less than 100 are used for contacts and boundaries that are described in the epgeo.con file. Linecodes greater than 100 are used for structures that are described in the epgeo.str file. The NAME item lists the name given to the structural feature. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the epgeo.ref file. Related look-up table files are epgeo.con, epgeo.str, and epgeo.ref. In the epgeo.con INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value less than 100) used to identify type of contact or boundary. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, contact, State boundaries, lines of latitude and longitude used for neatlines). The MODIFIER item lists the line type modifier (that is, approximate, concealed, or gradational). No entry implies 'known.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of contact or boundary (that is, inferred or uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the contact or boundary. In the epgeo.str INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value greater than 100) used to identify type of structure. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, fault or fold-axis). The HORIZONTAL item refers to the type of horizontal fault movement (for example, left-lateral or right-lateral). No entry implies 'unknown' or no strike-slip movement. The VERTICAL item refers to the type of vertical fault movement (for example, normal). No entry implies 'unknown' or no dip-slip movement. The FOLD item refers to the type of fold (for example, anticline or syncline). The PLUNGE item refers to the type of plunge on fold (that is, horizontal, plunging, plunging in, or plunging out). The ACCURACY item refers to the line type modifier indicating degree of accuracy (that is, approximately located, concealed, gradational). No entry implies 'certain.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of structure (that is, inferred, uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the structure. The INFO structure of these files is listed below: >EPGEO.PAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 EPGEO# 4 5 B - > 21 EPGEO-ID 4 5 B - > 25 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 29 LABEL 10 10 C - > 39 MLABEL 10 10 C - > 49 DESC 200 200 C - > 249 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 252 PATTERN 4 4 I - >EPGEO.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 EPGEO# 4 5 B - > 29 EPGEO-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 36 NAME 80 80 C - > 116 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 120 SYMBOL 4 4 I - >EPGEO.CON: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 MODIFIER 20 20 C - > 37 CERTAINTY 15 15 C - > 52 DESC 100 100 C - >EPGEO.STR: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 HORIZONTAL 20 20 C - > 37 VERTICAL 20 20 C - > 57 FOLD 15 15 C - > 72 PLUNGE 15 15 C - > 87 ACCURACY 15 15 C - > 102 CERTAINTY 15 15 C - > 117 DESC 100 100 C - > EPGEO.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - epdike coverage: Contains lines of dikes and sills In the epdike.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric code used to identify the type of linear feature. Linecodes are used for structures that are described in the epdike.str file. The NAME item lists the name given to the structural feature. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the epdike.ref file. Related look-up table files are epdike.str, and epdike.ref. In the epdike.str INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value greater than 100) used to identify type of structure. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, fault or fold-axis). The HORIZONTAL item refers to the type of horizontal fault movement (for example, left-lateral or right- lateral). No entry implies 'unknown' or no strike-slip movement. The VERTICAL item refers to the type of vertical fault movement (for example, normal). No entry implies 'unknown' or no dip-slip movement. The FOLD item refers to the type of fold (for example, anticline or syncline). The PLUNGE item refers to the type of plunge on fold (that is, horizontal, plunging, plunging in, or plunging out). The ACCURACY item refers to the line type modifier indicating degree of accuracy (that is, approximately located, concealed, gradational). No entry implies 'certain.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of structure (that is, inferred, uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the structure. >EPDIKE.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 EPDIKE# 4 5 B - > 29 EPDIKE-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 36 NAME 80 80 C - > 116 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 120 SYMBOL 4 4 I - > >EPDIKE.STR: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 HORIZONTAL 20 20 C - > 37 VERTICAL 20 20 C - > >EPDIKE.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - epfold coverage: Contains lines of geologic fold axes In the epfold.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric code used to identify the type of linear feature. Linecodes are used for structures that are described in the epfold.str file. The NAME item lists the name given to the structural feature. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the epfold.ref file. Related look-up table files are epfold.str, and epfold.ref. In the epfold.str INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value greater than 100) used to identify type of structure. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, fault or fold-axis). The HORIZONTAL item refers to the type of horizontal fault movement (for example, left-lateral or right-lateral). No entry implies 'unknown' or no strike-slip movement. The VERTICAL item refers to the type of vertical fault movement (for example, normal). No entry implies 'unknown' or no dip-slip movement. The FOLD item refers to the type of fold (for example, anticline or syncline). The PLUNGE item refers to the type of plunge on fold (that is, horizontal, plunging, plunging in, or plunging out). The ACCURACY item refers to the line type modifier indicating degree of accuracy. (that is, approximately located, concealed, gradational). No entry implies 'certain.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of structure (that is, inferred, uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the structure. >EPFOLD.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 EPFOLD# 4 5 B - > 29 EPFOLD-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 36 NAME 80 80 C - > 116 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 120 SYMBOL 4 4 I - > >EPFOLD.STR: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 HORIZONTAL 20 20 C - > 37 VERTICAL 20 20 C - > >EPFOLD.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - epmiso coverage: Contains lines of mineral isograds In the epmiso.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric code used to identify the type of linear feature. Linecodes are used for structures that are described in the epmiso.str file. The NAME item lists the name given to the structural feature. The LABEL item indicates the mineral isograd label (abbreviation) used to label lines showing the approximate first occurrence of diagnostic minerals in the direction of increased metamorphic temperature within micaceous quartzofeldspathic metasedimentary rocks. These lines are based on mineral assemblages identified by microscope in thousands of rock thin- sections (see text). Garnet, staurolite, andalusite, and cordierite typically form visible porphyroblasts in mica-rich layers; sillimanite typically forms bundles of minute needles intergrown with biotite. The TYPE item identifies the isograd in terms of the appearance or disappearance of an isograd mineral or partial melt texture. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the epmiso.ref file. Related look-up table files are epmiso.str, and epmiso.ref. In the epmiso.str INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value greater than 100) used to identify type of structure. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, fault or fold-axis). The HORIZONTAL item refers to the type of horizontal fault movement (for example, left-lateral or right- lateral). No entry implies 'unknown' or no strike-slip movement. The VERTICAL item refers to the type of vertical fault movement (for example, normal). No entry implies 'unknown' or no dip-slip movement. The FOLD item refers to the type of fold (for example, anticline or syncline). The PLUNGE item refers to the type of plunge on fold (that is, horizontal, plunging, plunging in, or plunging out). The ACCURACY item refers to the line type modifier indicating degree of accuracy. (that is, approximately located, concealed, gradational). No entry implies 'certain.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of structure (that is, inferred, uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the structure. >EPMISO.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 EPMISO# 4 5 B - > 29 EPMISO-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 36 NAME 80 80 C - > 116 LABEL 10 10 C - > 126 TYPE 150 150 C - > 276 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 280 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > >EPMISO.STR: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 HORIZONTAL 20 20 C - > 37 VERTICAL 20 20 C - > >EPMISO.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - eppts coverage: Contains points recording site-specific observations and measurements, such as strike and dip of bedding In the eppts.pat INFO file, the PTTYPE item lists the type of point symbol (for example, strike and dip of inclined bedding). The SYMBOL item lists the marker symbol used by ArcInfo to identify the type of structural map symbol(symbol numbers refer to the geoscamp2.mrk markerset). The STRIKE item contains the strike of bedding and foliation and trend of lineation, where applicable. Strike is an azimuthal angle. Measured in degrees from 0 to 360 in a clockwise direction from North, the STRIKE value also specifies the dip direction, where the dip direction is 90 degrees clockwise relative to the STRIKE for planar features and parallel to STRIKE for linear features. The DIP item contains the dip of bedding as well as plunge angles, where applicable. This value is an angle measured (in degrees from 0 to 90) down from the horizontal; thus a horizontal dip is 0 degrees and a vertical dip is 90 degrees. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source. In the eppts.ref INFO file, the SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source. The SCALE item lists the scale of the source map. (This value is the denominator of the proportional fraction that identifies the scale of the map that was digitized or scanned to produce the digital map.) The AUTHORS item lists the author(s) or compiler(s) of source map entered as last name, first name or initial, and middle initial. The YEAR item lists the source (map) publication date. The REFERENCE item lists the remainder of the reference in USGS reference format. >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 EPPTS# 4 5 B - > 21 EPPTS-ID 4 5 B - > 25 PTTYPE 100 100 C - > 125 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 128 STRIKE 3 3 I - > 131 DIP 3 3 I - > 134 SOURCE 4 4 I - > >EPPTS.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - estes10hl grid: Contains hillshade values derived from USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 10 meter resolution elevation data for the Estes Park, Colorado, 1:100,000 quadrangle area. The grid's projection is the same UTM projection used for the geologic database coverages. The illumination angle for the hillshade's shaded relief grid was generated at an azimuth of 315 degrees and horizon angle of 45 degrees In the integer grid's estes10hl.vat INFO file, the VALUE item lists integer values that describe the illumination level of a cell or group of cells forming a zone. The COUNT item lists the number of cells in a zone. In the grid's estes10hl.sta INFO file, the MIN item contains the minimum value, the MAX item contains the maximum value, the MEAN item contains the average value, and the STDV item contains the standard deviation. >ESTES10HL.VAT > >COLUMN ITEM NAMEWIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 VALUE 4 10 B - > 5 COUNT 4 10 B - >ESTES10HL.STA > >COLUMN ITEM NAMEWIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 MIN 8 15 F 3 > 9 MAX 8 15 F 3 > 17 MEAN 8 15 F 3 > 25 STDV 8 15 F 3 >Coding of LABEL and DESC attributes in the epgeo coverage: >LABEL | DESC >JTRmj | Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic), Sundance Formation (Middle Jurassic), and Jelm Formation (Upper Triassic), undivided >Jm | Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) >Jms | Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) and Sundance Formation (Middle Jurassic), undivided >Kbm | Benton Shale (Upper Cretaceous) and Mowry Shale (Lower Cretaceous), undivided >Kd | Dakota Group or Sandstone (Lower Cretaceous) >Kfh | Fox Hills Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) >Kl | Laramie Formation (Upper Cretaceous) >Klp | Augite latite porphyry (Late Cretaceous) >Kmw | Middle Park Formation, Windy Gap Volcanic Member (Upper Cretaceous?) >Kmzb | Monzogabbro (Late Cretaceous) >Kmzd | Monzodiorite (Late Cretaceous) >Kn | Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous) >Kp | Pierre Shale,undivided (Upper Cretaceous) >Kph | Pierre Shale , Hygiene Sandstone Member (Upper Cretaceous) >Kpl | Pierre Shale, lower shale member (Upper Cretaceous) >Kpm | Pierre Shale, middle shale member (Upper Cretaceous) >Kpr | Pierre Shale - Richard Sandstone Member, Larimer Sandstone Member, Rocky Ridge Sandstone Member and the two intervening unnamed shale members (Upper Cretaceous) >Kpt | Pierre Shale, upper transition member (Upper Cretaceous) >Kpu | Pierre Shale,upper shale member (Upper Cretaceous) >Kqm | Quartz monzonite (Late Cretaceous) >Ksyd | Syenodiorite (Late Cretaceous) >MzPz | Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks (Mesozoic and Paleozoic), undivided >NPei | Intrusive rocks, undivided (Miocene to Oligocene) >NPet | Troublesome Formation (lower Miocene and upper Oligocene) >Ng | Fluvial gravel (Pliocene? and Miocene) >PPf | Fountain Formation (Lower Permian and Upper and Middle Pennsylvanian) >PeKm | Middle Park Formation (Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous?) >Peap | Andesite porphyry (upper? Oligocene) >Peba | Basalt and trachyandesite (upper Oligocene) >Pebi | Basalt, intrusive (late Oligocene) >Pec | Coalmont Formation (Eocene and Paleocene) >Pegc | Granite and rhyolite porphyry of The Mount Cumulus stock (late Oligocene) >Pegdr | Granodiorite and monzonite of The Mount Richthofen stock (late Oligocene) >Peql | Quartz latite and rhyodacite porphyry (Paleocene) >Peqla | Quartz latite of Apiatan Mountain (late Oligocene) >Peqlx | Quartz latite breccia (late Oligocene) >Per | Rhyolite tuff (upper Oligocene) >Perp | Rhyolite porphyry (late Oligocene) >Perw | Rhyolite welded tuff (upper Oligocene) >Pes | Sedimentary rocks, undivided (Oligocene and Eocene(?)) >Pesy | Syenite and quartz syenite (Paleocene and Eocene) >Peti | Intrusive tuff (late? Oligocene) >Pev | Volcanic rocks, undivided (upper Oligocene) >Pevx | Volcanic breccia (upper Oligocene) >Pi | Ingleside Formation (Lower Permian) >Pl | Lyons Sandstone (Lower Permian) >Po | Owl Canyon Formation (Lower Permian) >Qa | Alluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qac | Alluvium and colluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qbr | Broadway Alluvium (upper Pleistocene) >Qc | Colluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qd | Diamicton (upper? Pleistocene) >Qfo | Old alluvial-fan deposits (lower Pleistocene) >Qgm | Intermediate gravel deposits at Granby Mesa (upper? and middle? Pleistocene) >Qgo | Old gravel deposits at Granby Mesa (middle? and lower? Pleistocene) >Qgy | Young gravel deposits at Granby Mesa (upper Pleistocene) >Qlo | Loess (Holocene and upper? Pleistocene) >Qls | Landslide deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qlv | Louviers Alluvium (upper and middle Pleistocene) >Qo | Organic-rich sediment (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qprf | Pre-Rocky Flats alluvium (lower Pleistocene) >Qpy | Younger piedmont-slope alluvium (upper and middle Pleistocene) >Qr | Rock glacier deposit (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qrf | Rocky Flats Alluvium (lower Pleistocene) >Qs | Slocum Alluvium (middle Pleistocene) >Qta | Talus deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >Qtb | Till of Bull Lake age (upper and middle Pleistocene) >Qtp | Till of Pinedale age (upper Pleistocene) >Qtpb | Till of pre-Bull Lake age (middle and lower? Pleistocene) >Qv | Verdos Alluvium (middle Pleistocene) >Qva | Mountain valley alluvium (Holocene and upper Pleistocene) >TRPc | Chugwater Formation (Lower Triassic and Upper Permian) >TRPl | Lykins Formation (Lower Triassic and Upper Permian) >Xb | Biotite schist and gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) >Xb + YXp | Biotite schist and gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) and pegmatite (Mesoproterozoic and (or) Paleoproterozoic), undivided >Xb + YgLP | Biotite schist and gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) and Granite of Longs Peak batholith (Mesoproterozoic), undivided >Xbf | Biotite gneiss and granitic gneiss, undivided (Paleoproterozoic) >Xbh | Biotite gneiss and hornblende gneiss, undivided (Paleoproterozoic) >Xbk | Knotted mica schist (Paleoproterozoic) >Xbk + YgLP | Knotted mica schist (Paleoproterozoic) and Granite of Longs Peak batholith (Mesoproterozoic), undivided >Xbp | Porphroblastic biotite schist (Paleoproterozoic) >Xbq | Quartzofeldspathic mica schist (Paleoproterozoic) >Xbq + XjT | Quartzofeldspathic mica schist (Paleoproterozoic) and Trondhjemite of Thompson Canyon (Paleoproterozoic), undivided >Xbq + YXp | Quartzofeldspathic mica schist (Paleoproterozoic) and pegmatite (Mesoproterozoic and (or) Paleoproterozoic), undivided >Xf | Granitic gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) >Xf + YgLP | Granitic gneiss (Paleoproterozoic) and Granite of Longs Peak batholith (Mesoproterozoic), undivided >Xfb | Biotite granofels (Paleoproterozoic) >Xfcq | Granitic gneiss, calc-silicate gneiss, and quartzite, undivided (Paleoproterozoic) >Xg | Biotite monzogranite (Paleoproterozoic) >Xgd | Granodiorite (Paleoproterozoic) >Xgd + YXp | Granodiorite (Paleoproterozoic) and pegmatite (Mesoproterozoic and (or) Paleoproterozoic), undivided >Xgd + YgLP | Granodiorite (Paleoproterozoic) and Granite of Longs Peak batholith (Mesoproterozoic), undivided >XgdB | Boulder Creek Granodiorite (Paleoproterozoic) >Xh | Hornblende gneiss and amphibolite (Paleoproterozoic) >XjT | Trondhjemite of Thompson Canyon (Paleoproterozoic) >YXp | Pegmatite (Mesoproterozoic and (or) Paleoproterozoic) >Ya | Aplite (Mesoproterozoic) >Yd | Mafic dikes and plugs (Mesoproterozoic) >YgH | Granite of Hagues Peak (Mesoproterozoic) >YgLP | Granite of Longs Peak batholith (Mesoproterozoic) >YgLPs | Granite of Longs Peak batholith, Garnet-sillimanite granite (Mesoproterozoic) >YgLPx | Granite of Longs Peak batholith, Intrusion breccia (Mesoproterozoic) >Yga | Biotite-muscovite alkali-felspar granite (Mesoproterozoic) >Yqd | Quartz diorite (Mesoproterozoic) >f | Manmade fill (Holocene) >s | Snow and ice (Holocene) >w | Open water >x-h | Fault zone >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the epgeo coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >1 | Contact - Certain >3 | Contact - Concealed >5 | Contact - Scratch boundary >41 | Shoreline >51 | Boundary of permanent snowfield >81 | Map boundary >101 | Fault - Certain >103 | Fault - Concealed >171 | Thrust fault - Certain >173 | Thrust fault - Concealed >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the epfold coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >401 | Anticline - Certain >403 | Anticline - Concealed >413 | Syncline - Certain >415 | Syncline - Concealed >425 | Monocline - Certain >427 | Monocline - Concealed >437 | Overturned anticline - Certain >439 | Overturned anticline - Concealed >440 | Overturned syncline - Certain >442 | Overturned syncline - Concealed >591 | Vertical fold - Certain >593 | Vertical fold - Concealed >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the epdike coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >63 | Key bed - Xbp porphyroblastic biotite schist >63 | Key bed - Xh amphibolite >512 | Dike - Npei intrusive rocks, undivided >512 | Dike - XjT trondhjemite of Thompson Canyon >512 | Dike - Yd mafic dikes and plugs >512 | Dike - Yga Biotite-muuscovite alk-felds granite >512 | Dike - Ygb Gabbro of the Iron Dike >512 | Dike - Dk kimberlite >512 | Dike - YXp pegmatite >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the epmiso coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >590 | Metamorphic isograds >Coding of PTTYPE attributes in the eppts coverage: >PTTYPE >Inclined bedding - Showing strike and dip >Inclined bedding - Showing strike and dip. Top direction of beds known from local features >Inclined compaction foliation in welded tuff - Showing strike and dip >Inclined flow foliation or layering in igneous rock - Showing strike and dip >Inclined foliation in metamorphic rock - Showing strike and dip >Inclined foliation in mylonite - Showing strike and dip >Lineation in mylonite - Showing bearing and plunge >Overturned bedding - Showing strike and dip >Overturned bedding - Showing strike and dip. Top of beds known from local features >Sandstone dike in Proterozoic basement rocks >Vertical bedding - Showing strike >Vertical or near-vertical foliation in igneous rock - Showing strike >Vertical or near-vertical foliation in metamorphic rock - Showing strike Auxiliary files: geol_sfo.lin: This lineset file defines geologic line types in the geologically themed coverages. wpgcmykg.shd: This shadeset file defines the cmyk values of colors assigned to polygons in the geologically themed coverages. estespr.tif: A geo-registered raster file of the USGS Estes Park, Colorado 1:100,000 scale base map. 3039.pdf: A print optimized file for viewing and printing a graphics version of the map and accessory elements using Adobe Acrobat viewing software (version 8.0). (Adobe Acrobat 8.0 viewing software is free and can be downloaded at the following URL: http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html) Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-438/ Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Denver Publishing Service Network Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25046 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Resource_Description: Scientific Investigations Map 3039 Distribution_Liability: This database, identified as SIM_3039, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Available as one printed sheet plus pamphlet. Order from USGS at the address listed above or see for more ordering information. Fees: For current prices of USGS information products, please see Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25286 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5486 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: webmaster@geology.cr.usgs.gov Resource_Description: Scientific Investigations Map 3039 Distribution_Liability: This database, identified as SIM_3039, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE,SHP Format_Version_Number: 9.2 Format_Version_Date: 2006 File_Decompression_Technique: GZIP TAR archive, In UNIX use the command "gunzip -c | tar xvf .tar" In Windows, use WinZip (http://www.winzip.com/) or other programs to extract the file. (http://www.winzip.com/) or other programs to extract the file. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3039/ Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2008 Metadata_Review_Date: 2008 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Theodore Brandt Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: MS 980, Box 25046 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1901 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998