Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Christopher J. Cole; Parallel, Incorporated Originator: Suzanne M. Noble; Parallel, Incorporated Originator: Steven L. Blauer Originator: Beverly A. Friesen Originator: Stacy E. Curry Originator: Mark A. Bauer; Parallel, Incorporated Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Conifer health classification for Colorado, 2008 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map and pamphlet Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3103 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3103 Description: Abstract: There is a lack of appropriate geospatial data regarding conifer forest health within Colorado at the landscape level. Colorado has undergone substantial changes in forests due to urbanization, wildfires, insect-caused tree mortality, and other human and environmental factors. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center evaluated and developed a methodology for applying remotely-sensed imagery for assessing conifer health in Colorado. Medium-resolution Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery were collected statewide, and converted to at-sensor reflectance to reduce inter-scene variability due to differences in solar elevation and acquisition date. Cloud cover-affected Landsat pixels were identified and replaced with the most recent, best available cloud-free data, and were normalized via linear regression based upon pseudo-invariant features (PIFS), whose spectral values should not appreciably change by scene date. The normalized, reflectance-converted, cloud-filled Landsat scenes were merged to form a statewide image mosaic, and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Renormalized Difference Infrared Index (RDII) were derived. The National Landcover Database 2001 (NLCD 2001) was updated to account for current conifer cover within Colorado. A supervised maximum likelihood classification was done using the Landsat multispectral bands, the NDVI, the RDII, and 30-m USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED). The classification was constrained to pixels identified in the updated landcover dataset as coniferous or mixed coniferous/deciduous vegetation. The statewide results were merged with a separate health assessment of Grand County, Colo., produced in late 2008. This assessment was done using similar sampling and classification schema and methodologies as the statewide effort. Without the inclusion of this classification, a significantly larger portion of the State assessment would have been derived using pre-2008 imagery due to persistent cloud cover affecting this area of interest. USGS work within Grand County has confirmed significant vegetation mortality which would not have been captured using earlier data. Sampling and validation was done by collecting field data and high-resolution imagery. The 86 percent overall classification accuracy attained in this study suggests that the data and methods used successfully characterized conifer conditions within Colorado. Although forest conditions for Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) are easily characterized, classification uncertainty exists between healthy/unhealthy Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa), Piņon (Pinus edulis), and Juniper (Juniperus sp.) vegetation. Some underestimation of conifer mortality in Summit County is likely, where recent (2008) cloud-free imagery was unavailable. These classification uncertainties are primarily due to the spatial and temporal resolution of Landsat, and of the NLCD derived from this sensor. It is believed that high- to moderate-resolution multispectral imagery, coupled with field data, could significantly reduce the uncertainty rates. The USGS will produce a follow-on statewide conifer health assessment using high-resolution RapidEye remotely sensed imagery and field data collected in 2009. Purpose: To characterize conifer health for the state of Colorado using remotely sensed imagery and other geospatial information. Supplemental_Information: Additional method and background information to create these data are described fully within the pamphlet accompanying the map. It is strongly suggested that the user consult the text and be familiar with limitations in the methodology when using this data set. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -109.384270 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -101.763566 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.154236 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.864242 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: Conifer health Theme_Keyword: Remote sensing Theme_Keyword: Landsat Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: USA Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from these data.Users of this geospatial database and information derived there from should acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the source data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jeff L. Sloan Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographic Technology and Applications Team Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center, P.O. Box 25046, MS 520 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-2897 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-2937 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlsloan@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3083/downloads/SIM3103.pdf Browse_Graphic_File_Description: graphic representation of map layout Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Christopher J. Cole Originator: Suzanne M. Noble; Parallel, Incorporated Originator: Steven L. Blauer Originator: Beverly A. Friesen Originator: Mark A. Bauer; Parallel, Incorporated Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Landsat Thematic Mapper Image of Colorado Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM 3101 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: This raster dataset is consistent in both the area and cell size of all input parameter rasters used in the analysis. Completeness_Report: The data are complete for the forested areas of Colorado. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: The USGS employed medium-resolution Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery and derivatives, as well as a National Landcover Dataset (NLCD) updated to account for current forest cover in Colorado, to produce a scientifically rigorous and repeatable landscape-level assessment of coniferous forest health statewide. Sampling and validation was accomplished through the collection of field data and high-resolution imagery. Process_Date: 2008 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jeff L. Sloan Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geographic Technology and Applications Team Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center, P.O. Box 25046, MS 520 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-2897 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jlsloan@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SIM3103_co_landsat.xml Process_Date: 20091016 Process_Time: 07293100 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 15603 Column_Count: 21338 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 13 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: >co_conifer_health_classification.tif >is an unsigned 4-bit thematic tiff image. This raster >dataset contains the grid attribute, "Value", which is >enumerated in a table below. Units for the computed >cell values are 30-meter pixels. >VALUE Class Names >============== ========================================== > 0 No Data > 1 Unhealthy Forest > 2 Healthy Forest Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25286 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4693 Resource_Description: Scientific Investigations Map 3103 Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items for other than personal use must be secured from the copyright owner. This database, identified as SIM 3103, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data have been created as a result of the need for having geospatial data immediately available and easily accessible to enhance the capability of Federal, State, and local land managers. Users should be aware that changes in forest health have undoubtedly occurred since this dataset was created and some parts of these data may no longer represent actual forest conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of these limitations. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Available as one printed sheet and one pamphlet. Order from USGS at the address listed above or see http://store.usgs.gov/mod/order.html> for more ordering information. Fees: For current prices of USGS information products, please see http://store.usgs.gov /mod/order.html. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-202-4693 Resource_Description: Scientific Investigations Map 3103 Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items for other than personal use must be secured from the copyright owner. This database, identified as SIM 3103, has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. These data have been created as a result of the need for having geospatial data immediately available and easily accessible to enhance the capability of Federal, State, and local land managers. Users should be aware that changes in forest health have undoubtedly occurred since this dataset was created and some parts of these data may no longer represent actual forest conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of these limitations. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Transfer_Size: 160.0 MB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3103/ Fees: none Ordering_Instructions: for more ordering information. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20091103 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical address Address: Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center, P.O. Box 25046, MS-516 City: Denver State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80225 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-202-4326 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile