 |
|
|
||||
| PUBLICATIONS—Scientific Investigations Report |
In Cooperation with Environment Canada’s National Water Research Institute and the Great Lakes Protection Fund
By: B.P. Neff, S.M. Day, A.R. Piggott, and L.M. Fuller
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5217
Portable Document format (pdf) at
Print-Optimized
PDF file (4,321 K Bytes)
If you do not have Adobe Acrobat Reader, then you can download it for free at:
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html
Use
of this software product does not imply endorsement by
U.S. Government.
Hydrograph separations were performed using the PART, HYSEP 1, 2, and 3, BFLOW and UKIH methods on 104,293 years of daily streamflow records from 3,936 streamflow-gaging stations in Ontario, Canada and the eight Great Lakes States of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin to estimate base-flow index (BFI) and base flow. BFI ranged an average of 0.24 BFI depending on which hydrograph-separation method was used. BFI data from 959 selected streamflow-gaging stations with a combined 28,784 years of daily streamflow data were used to relate BFI to surficial geology and the proportion of surface water within the gaged watersheds. This relation was then used to derive estimates of BFI throughout the Great Lakes, Ottawa River, and upper St. Lawrence River Basins at a scale of 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) watersheds for the U.S. and tertiary watersheds in Canada. This process was repeated for each of the six hydrograph-separation methods used. When applied to gaged watersheds, model results predicted observed base flow within 0.2 BFI up to 94 percent of the time. Estimates of long-term (length of streamflow record) average annual streamflow in each HUC and tertiary watershed were calculated and used to determine average annual base flow from BFI estimates. Possibilities for future study based on results from this study include long-term trend analysis of base flow and improving the scale at which base-flow estimates can be made.
Neff, B.P., S.M. Day, A.R. Piggott and L.M. Fuller, 2005, Base Flow in the Great Lakes Basin, Date Posted: November 29, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5217, 23 p. [https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2005-5217/]
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Description of Study Area
Hydrogeologic Setting
Methods
Base-Flow Calculation
Selection of Gages Used for Model Development
Relation of Base-Flow Index to Landscape
G-Model Development
G-SW Model Development
Model Coefficents and Attenuation Function Parameters
Conversion from Base-Flow Index to Base Flow
Base flow in the Great Lakes Basin
Gaged Areas
Correlation of Base-Flow Index with Model Predictions
Ungaged Areas
Model Limitations
Suggestions for Possible Future Study
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
Appendix A: Hydrologic Data [4 CD-ROMs]
Document Accessibility: Adobe Systems Incorporated has information about PDFs and the visually impaired. This information provides tools to help make PDF files accessible. These tools convert Adobe PDF documents into HTML or ASCII text, which then can be read by a number of common screen-reading programs that synthesize text as audible speech. In addition, an accessible version of Acrobat Reader 7.0, which contains support for screen readers, is available. These tools and the accessible reader may be obtained free from Adobe at Adobe Access.
For further information, contact:
Jim Nicholas, Director
U.S. Geological Survey
Michigan Water Science Center
6520 Mercantile Way, Suite 5
Lansing, MI 48911-5991
or visit our Web site at:
Back to USGS Michigan Water Science Center Home Page
| AccessibilityFOIAPrivacyPolicies and Notices | |
  |
|