Table 6. Explanation of abbreviations used in tables for segment and
reach characteristics in this study of Duluth-area streams, Minn.

Drainage-network position
UM Upper main stem
MM Middle main stem
LM Lower main stem
UT Upper main-stem tributary
MT Middle main-stem tributary
LT lower main-stem tributary
Valley type/stream meandering
N No valley development, stream unconfined and flows on glacial deposits
C Confined, V-shaped valleys with no flood plain, bedrock, or colluvial
E Unconfined valley, entrenched meanders; stream meanders follow valley course, affected by geologic setting; some flood plain
A Unconfined valley with alluvial meanders, stream meanders reflect fluvial processes; valley wider than meander belt, wide flood plain
B Confined valley formed in bedrock, no flood plain
Dominant bedrock type for segment
SED Slate/sedimentary
GAB Duluth gabbro complex
VOL Felsic and mafic volcanics
IN Intrusions
BUR Bedrock buried by glacial deposits
Glacial landform/deposits
SD Supraglacial drift
OW Outwash
IC Ice contact
LA Glacial lake
SH Post-glacial shoreline/beach
BED Bedrock surface
TP Till plain
UN Undifferentiated
Dominant watershed land cover
U Urban
D Developing urban
A Agriculture
F Forest
W Wetland
G Grass
S Shrubland
R Roads
Channel type
CO Colluvial
BE Bedrock
CA Cascade
SP Step-pool
PB Plane-bed
PR Pool-riffle
AR Artificial
WE Wetland
Dominant substrate
BD Bedrock
BO Boulder
CO Cobble
GV Gravel
SA Sand
FINES Fines/Organic debris
AR Artificial – concrete and others
Mode of sediment transport
SOi Source—incision
SOb Sourcebluff erosion
SOw Source—bank erosion, widening
T Transfer
SIc Sink—lateral and mid-channel sand/gravel bars
SIb Sink—overbank sedimentation
SIa Sink—aggradation
SIp Sink—fines in pools
Flood attenuation
NO None
FP Flood-plain attenuation
WE Wetland storage
Dominant geomorphic processes
H Headcutting
I Incision
EBL Bluff/terrace erosion
EBA Bank erosion
W Widening
LM Lateral migration
OS Overbank sedimentation/levee formation
BF Mid-channel/lateral bar formation
A Aggradation
EX Expansion of flow area
ST Stable
Causes for geomorphic disturbance
CL Logging, agriculture, clearing
UP Upstream changes in sediment/water inputs
UR Urban development
CA Man-made channel alterations
RO Road drainage
DI Ditching
HI Hiking trails
GV Gravel pits
NO None
Potential changes in sediment/water inputs
Y Yes
N No
Potential sensitivity to change
LO Low—little or no change in overall channel morphology expected
MO Moderate—minor changes in substrate size, width, pool depth
HI High—substantial, readily detectable changes in channel morphology with a change in an important factor