Evapotranspiration by Phreatophytes Along the Lower Colorado River at Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona

Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5043

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5043

Conversion Factors, Datums, and Acronyms and Symbols

Conversion Factors

Multiply	By	To obtain
acre	4,047	square meter
acre	.4047	hectare
acre	.4047	square hectometer
acre	.004047	square kilometer
acre-foot (acre-ft)	1,233	cubic meter
acre-foot (acre-ft)	.001233	cubic hectometer
foot (ft)	.3048	meter
foot per year (ft/yr)	.3048	meter per year
inch (in.)	2.54	centimeter
inch (in.)	25.4	millimeter
mile (mi)	1.609	kilometer
square mile (mi²)	259.0	hectare
square mile (mi²)	2.590	square kilometer

Temperature: Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32.

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows:

°C=(°F-32)/1.8.

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) can be converted to degrees Kelvin (°K) by using the formula °K = (°F+459.67)/1.8.

Datums

Sea Level: In this report, sea level refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)—a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the United States and Canada.

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Acronyms and Symbols

AW	Arrowweed evapotranspiration station
AZMET	Arizona meteorological network
BOR	Burea of Reclamation
	Denominator constant for reference type and calculation tme step
CIMIS	California irrigation management information system
	Numerator constant for reference type and calculation time step
	Specific heat of dry air at a constant pressure
	Specific heat of dry soil
	Specific heat of water
cw	Cottonwood and willow phreatophyte group
	Rate of mass flux of water vapor
	Atmospheric vapor pressure
	Vapor pressure at lower ( ) or upper ( ) instrument height
	Saturation vapor pressure
ET	Evapotranspiration
	Lower Colorado River accounting system evapotranspiration
	Component of evapotranspiration from ground water
	Reference evapotranspiration
	Subsurface-heat flux
	Soil-heat flux
	Sensible-heat flux
HNWR	Havasu National Wildlife Refuge
	Evapotranspiration coefficient
	Turbulent-transfer coefficient of heat in air
	Turbulent-transfer coefficient of water vapor
°K	Degrees Kelvin
kg	kilogram
LCR	Lower Colorado River
LCRAS	Lower Colorado River Accounting System
low_veg	Greater than 10 percent and less than or equal to 30 percent any phreatophyte vegetation
	Long-wave radiation, incoming and outgoing
MSAVI	Modified soil-adjusted vegetation index
MV	Mixed-vegetation evapotranspiration station
	Annual local precipitation
	Ambient-air (barometric) pressure
	Net radiation
	Soil-water storage
	Ground- or surface-water accumulation resulting from flooding or precipitation
SC	Saltcedar evapotranspiration station
	Short-wave radiation, incoming and outgoing
T	Air temperature
	Elapsed time
THPs	Temperature-humidity probes
	Air temperature at lower ( ) or upper ( ) instrument height
	Soil temperature
USGS	U.S. Geological Survey
	Depth below soil surface
	Lower ( ) or upper ( ) instrument height at which air temperature or vapor pressure is measured
	Volumetric soil-water content
	Slope of vapor-pressure curve
	Bowen ratio
	Thickness of soil layer
	Ratio of molecular weight of water vapor to dry air
	Psychrometric constant
	Latent heat of vaporization for water
	Latent-heat flux
	Mean daily wind speed
µm	Micrometer
	Density of dry air
	Soil bulk density
	Density of water