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Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5101–D

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5101–D

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Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations and Acronyms

Conversion Factors

Multiply By To obtain
centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)
gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)
kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)
liter (L) 33.82 ounce, fluid (fl. oz)
liter (L) 0.2642 gallon (gal)
meter (m) 3.281 foot (ft)
millimeter (mm) 0.03937 inch (in.)
square centimeter (cm2) 0.001076 square foot (ft2)
square kilometer (km2) 0.3861 square mile (mi2)
square meter (m2) 0.0002471 acre
square meter (m2) 10.76 square foot (ft2)
square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F=(1.8×°C)+32.

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25°C).

Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given either in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (µg/L).

Datums

Vertical coordinate information is North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 10, North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27).

Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations and
Acronyms
Meaning
ADAS Algal Data Analysis System
ADPS Automated Data Processing System
AFDM ash-free dry mass
AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor
BOD biological oxygen demand
CVO Cascade Volcano Observatory
DIN dissolved inorganic nitrogen
DO dissolved oxygen
DOC dissolved organic carbon
EPT Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddesflies)
EUSE Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems
H2S hydrogen sulfide
IDAS Invertebrate Data Analysis System
NAWQA National Water-Quality Assessment
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
nMDS nonmetric dimensional scaling
NWIS National Water Information System
NWQL National Water-Quality Laboratory
PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PCA principle component analysis
PCB polychlorinated biphenyls
PTI Pesticide Toxicity Index
QA quality assurance
QC quality control
QMH qualitative multihabitat
RGS reporter gene system
ROADDEN road density
RTH richest target habitat
SAS Statistical Analysis Software
SPMD semipermeable membrane device
SRP soluble reactive phosphorus
TEQ toxic equivalent
TN total nitrogen
TP total phosphorus
UII Urban intensity index
USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
USGS U.S. Geological Survey

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