Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5101–D
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5101–D
Table 14. Correlation between selected benthic macroinvertebrate metrics and environmental variables, Willamette River basin and surrounding area, Oregon and Washington.
[See appendix A for definitions of environmental variables. Correlation coefficients were considered strong when absolute value ≥ 0.66 (bolded and shaded) and moderate when 0.66 > rho ≥ 0.50 (bolded). Abbreviations: DO, dissolved oxygen; EPEM, Ephemeroptera; EPT, Ephemoroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera; PLECO, Plecoptera; ROADDEN, road density; SPMD, semipermeable membrane device; TEQ, toxic equivalent; nMDS + AFDM, nonmetric dimensional scaling + ash-free dry mass; mg/L, milligram per liter. Symbols: >, greater than; ≥, greater than or equal to]
| Environmental variables | Invertebrate metrics | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ephemeroptera | EPT | Plecoptera | Nonchironomids | Tolerant or intolerant metrics | Noninsect metrics | Full invertebrate assemblage | |||||||||||||||
| EPEM abundance | EPEM richness | EPT/chironomid ratio | EPT richness | PLECO percent | PLECO richness | Nonmidge diptera percent richness | Intolerant abundance | Tolerant richness | Tolerant percent richness | Tolerant abundance | Amphipod percent | Noninsect percent richness | Oligochaete percent richness | nMDS Axis1 score | |||||||
| Urban indicator metrics | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Urban intensity index (UII) | -0.72 | -0.78 | -0.71 | -0.75 | -0.70 | -0.77 | 0.75 | -0.76 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.79 | 0.68 | 0.76 | 0.74 | -0.83 | ||||||
| Percent impervious surface | -.66 | -.76 | -.70 | -.72 | -.67 | -.75 | .71 | -.71 | .71 | .71 | .75 | .72 | .72 | .71 | -.79 | ||||||
| POPDEN00 | -.69 | -.79 | -.74 | -.77 | -.69 | -.78 | .74 | -.76 | .77 | .76 | .78 | .67 | .74 | .74 | -.83 | ||||||
| Percent urban and agriculture | -.66 | -.74 | -.69 | -.72 | -.66 | -.74 | .70 | -.73 | .69 | .67 | .74 | .68 | .72 | .68 | -.80 | ||||||
| ROADDEN | -.63 | -.72 | -.67 | -.67 | -.67 | -.69 | .67 | -.71 | .67 | .67 | .73 | .60 | .67 | .70 | -.76 | ||||||
| Environmental setting metrics | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean soil erodibility | -0.63 | -0.64 | -0.55 | -0.60 | -0.44 | -0.60 | 0.66 | -0.51 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.66 | 0.67 | -0.64 | ||||||
| Minimum watershed elevation | .42 | .52 | .49 | .43 | .53 | -.48 | .38 | -.60 | -.61 | -.58 | -.61 | -.44 | -.56 | .45 | |||||||
| Percent flat and low elevation land in basin | -.72 | -.60 | -.52 | -.55 | -.44 | -.53 | .55 | -.57 | .52 | .56 | .51 | .69 | .62 | .52 | -.69 | ||||||
| Annual precipitation | .57 | .57 | .54 | .57 | .51 | .59 | -.62 | .44 | -.67 | -.69 | -.69 | -.61 | -.61 | -.54 | .63 | ||||||
| Mean percent watershed slope | .45 | .67 | .58 | .64 | .63 | .65 | -.60 | .63 | -.55 | -.49 | -.61 | -.69 | -.65 | -.55 | .65 | ||||||
| Hydrologic variation metrics | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of falling events > 5×median (PeriodF5) | -0.53 | -0.55 | -0.59 | -0.55 | -0.60 | -0.56 | 0.62 | -0.54 | 0.51 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.44 | 0.60 | 0.68 | -0.62 | ||||||
| Number of falling events > 9×median (PeriodF9) | -.57 | -.59 | -.58 | -.51 | -.49 | -.52 | .62 | -.59 | .51 | .59 | .57 | .36 | .56 | .67 | -.59 | ||||||
| Number of rising events > 5×median (PeriodR5) | -.45 | -.53 | -.55 | -.50 | -.58 | -.51 | .57 | -.51 | .47 | .53 | .50 | .39 | .56 | .60 | -.56 | ||||||
| Richards-Baker Flashiness Index (Rb-flash) | -.60 | -.55 | -.56 | -.57 | -.60 | -.58 | .58 | -.64 | .60 | .55 | .56 | .35 | .60 | .52 | -.64 | ||||||
| Water temperature metrics | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Minimum temperature (95th percentile) | -0.47 | -0.48 | -0.38 | -0.44 | -0.43 | -0.38 | 0.54 | -0.37 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.59 | 0.67 | -0.53 | ||||||
| Habitat metrics | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mean embeddedness (riffle and runs) | -0.60 | -0.57 | -0.47 | -0.49 | -0.37 | -0.50 | 0.40 | -0.46 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.67 | 0.55 | 0.43 | 0.42 | -0.53 | ||||||
| Mean width/depth ration (riffle and runs) | .37 | .37 | .24 | .28 | .09 | .26 | -.23 | .25 | -.44 | -.37 | -.39 | -.47 | -.26 | -.41 | .30 | ||||||
| Percent riffle habitat | .64 | .55 | .44 | .46 | .38 | .47 | -.41 | .34 | -.54 | -.51 | -.58 | -.58 | -.44 | -.43 | .58 | ||||||
| Percent large substrate | .33 | .21 | .10 | .22 | -.03 | .05 | -.08 | .13 | -.24 | -.18 | -.22 | -.11 | -.11 | -.16 | .20 | ||||||
| Mean habitat heterogeneity | -.53 | -.34 | -.22 | -.35 | -.08 | -.16 | .25 | -.25 | .39 | .35 | .38 | .10 | .30 | .29 | -.38 | ||||||
| Water-chemistry variables | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Instantaneous summer DO (mg/L) | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.45 | 0.52 | -0.58 | 0.41 | -0.57 | -0.56 | -0.63 | -0.44 | -0.57 | -0.46 | 0.69 | ||||||
| Average dissolved organic carbon | -.70 | -.69 | -.74 | -.72 | -.72 | -.73 | .71 | -.63 | .70 | .64 | .69 | .59 | .67 | .62 | -.79 | ||||||
| Summer chlorophyll AFDM | -.60 | -.57 | -.59 | -.51 | -.42 | -.59 | .47 | -.54 | .56 | .55 | .55 | .52 | .44 | .33 | -.57 | ||||||
| Average total suspended sediment | -.58 | -.40 | -.50 | -.34 | -.33 | -.35 | .43 | -.25 | .30 | .28 | .32 | .25 | .35 | .30 | -.48 | ||||||
| Average sulfate concentration | -.64 | -.63 | -.68 | -.53 | -.48 | -.60 | .58 | -.58 | .68 | .66 | .55 | .74 | .52 | .56 | -.62 | ||||||
| Average total nitrogen (TN) | -.51 | -.73 | -.75 | -.69 | -.67 | -.76 | .58 | -.68 | .66 | .55 | .62 | .66 | .57 | .49 | -.69 | ||||||
| Average total phosphorus (TP) | -.61 | -.78 | -.83 | -.75 | -.64 | -.79 | .65 | -.64 | .83 | .74 | .75 | .72 | .61 | .56 | -.72 | ||||||
| Total of insecticides (spring + summer) | -.67 | -.77 | -.85 | -.75 | -.75 | -.74 | .71 | -.72 | .75 | .65 | .67 | .54 | .69 | .66 | -.80 | ||||||
| Total of pesticides (spring + summer) | -.67 | -.76 | -.81 | -.82 | -.83 | -.82 | .78 | -.75 | .71 | .65 | .79 | .47 | .76 | .56 | -.85 | ||||||
| Pesticide Toxicity Index (PTI; spring + summer) | -.54 | -.71 | -.80 | -.81 | -.81 | -.80 | .70 | -.76 | .75 | .70 | .67 | .42 | .69 | .51 | -.79 | ||||||
| TEQ (SPMD) | -.77 | -.80 | -.77 | -.79 | -.69 | -.81 | .85 | -.81 | .80 | .87 | .79 | .52 | .83 | .71 | -.87 | ||||||
| Pyrene Index (SPMD) | -.63 | -.73 | -.70 | -.76 | -.65 | -.77 | .88 | -.68 | .73 | .82 | .69 | .52 | .82 | .69 | -.77 | ||||||
U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5101-D
Page Contact Information: Publications Team
Page Last Modified: Thursday, 01-Dec-2016 19:24:40 EST
