Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5008
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5008
Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Suspended Sediment in Detroit
Lake, Oregon
Prepared in cooperation with the City of Salem, Oregon
By Annett B. Sullivan, Stewart A. Rounds, Steven Sobieszczyk, and Heather M.
Bragg
Table of Contents
Conversion Factors and Datums
Abstract
Significant Findings
Introduction
Methods and Data
Model Development
Model Sensitivity
Model Applications
Summary and Future Work
Acknowledgments
Supplemental Material
References Cited
Figures
Figure 1. Locations of water-quality
monitors and lake sampling sites in the Detroit Lake drainage area, Oregon.
Figure 2. Location of segment boundaries
for the Detroit Lake model grid.
Figure 3. Volume-elevation curves for
Detroit Lake, Oregon, from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and as represented
by the model grid.
Figure 4. Measured and modeled forebay
water-surface elevations, Detroit Lake, Oregon, calendar years 2002 and 2003,
and the period between December 1, 2005, and February 1, 2006.
Figure 5. Modeled water temperature
profiles in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function of time during
2003.
Figure 6. Measured water temperature
profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water
temperature at the same location and time in 2002.
Figure 7. Measured water temperatures
profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water
temperature at the same location and time in 2003.
Figure 8. Measured water temperature
profiles at four locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water
temperature at the same location and time in 2006.
Figure 9. Measured water temperatures
from a string of thermistors suspended from the log boom in Detroit Lake, Oregon,
compared to modeled water temperature at the same depth and time in 2003.
Figure 10. Modeled water temperatures
in the Detroit Lake, Oregon, reservoir outflow compared to measured water temperature
in the North Santiam River at Niagara, 6 km downstream of the reservoir outflow
in 2003.
Figure 11. Modeled total dissolved
solids profiles in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function of time
during 2003.
Figure 12. Measured specific conductance
profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled specific
conductance (derived from total dissolved solids) at the same location and time
in 2002.
Figure 13. Measured specific conductance
profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled specific
conductance (derived from total dissolved solids) at the same location and time
in 2003.
Figure 14. Measured specific conductance
profiles at four locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled specific
conductance (derived from total dissolved solids) at the same location and time
in 2006.
Figure 15. Modeled specific conductance
(converted from modeled total dissolved solids) in the Detroit Lake, Oregon,
reservoir outflow compared to measured specific conductance in the North Santiam
River at Niagara, 6 km downstream, in 2003.
Figure 16. Modeled profiles of suspended
sediment concentrations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function
of time during 2003.
Figure 17. Total suspended sediment
concentration profiles, both measured and calculated from turbidity, Oregon, compared to modeled total suspended sediment
concentration at the same location and time in at three locations in Detroit
Lake, Oregon, 2002.
Figure 18. Total suspended sediment
concentration profiles, both measured and calculated from turbidity, at three
locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled total suspended sediment
concentration at the same location and time in 2003. Model output extends to
the bottom of the lake at each site.
Figure 19. Total suspended sediment
concentration profiles, both measured and calculated from turbidity, at four
locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled total suspended sediment
concentration at the same location and time in 2006.
Figure 20. Chemical (pH and dissolved
oxygen) and physical (surface turbidity) evidence of an algal bloom at the Blowout
lake monitoring site, Detroit Lake, Oregon, June 12, 2002.
Figure 21. Modeled total suspended
sediment concentration in reservoir outflow, converted to turbidity and modeled
distribution of two sediment size groups, Detroit Lake, Oregon, 2003.
Figure 22. Modeled spatial distribution
of suspended sediment deposition in Detroit Lake, Oregon, for calendar years
2002, 2003, and the period between December 1, 2005 and February 1, 2006.
Figure 23. Modeled sources of total
sediment in reservoir outflow of Detroit Lake during 2003.
Figure 24. (A) Maximum water temperature
standard for the North Santiam River, Oregon, downstream of Big Cliff and Detroit
Dams, an estimate of the water temperatures in the absence of the dams calculated
using a volume-weighted mix of reservoir inflows for 2003, and modeled water
temperatures of the water released from Detroit Dam and (B) smoothed water temperature
of the volume-weighted mix of the reservoir inflows, used as a temperature target
for the selective withdrawal simulation, along with the modeled reservoir release
temperatures for that scenario.
Figure 25. Modeled water temperature
profiles in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function of time during
2003 for calibrated conditions, and the selective withdrawal scenario.
Tables
Table 1. Regression equations for estimating
total and clay-size suspended sediment concentrations from turbidity data for
the major tributaries to Detroit Lake, Oregon.
Table 2. Model parameters and values
used in the Detroit Lake, Oregon, model.
Table 3. Detroit Lake model goodness-of-fit
statistics for calendar years 2002 and 2003 and a storm event in January 2006.
Table 4. Results from sensitivity testing
showing the effect of changing a particular input parameter on annual average
temperature, suspended sand and silt, and suspended clay in the whole lake and
in the lake outflow for 2003.
Table 5. Modeled sand and silt, clay,
and total sediment entering, exiting, and deposited in Detroit Lake for the
three modeled time periods.
Table 6. Fate of suspended sand and
silt, and suspended clay from the major tributaries to Detroit Lake, Oregon,
2003.
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Send questions or comments about this report to the authors, A.B. Sullivan, (503) 251-3260, and S.A. Rounds, (503) 251-3280.
For more information about USGS activities in Oregon, visit the USGS
Oregon Water Science Center home page.
U.S.
Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological
Survey
