Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kenzie J. Turner Originator: Mark R. Hudson Originator: Kyle E. Murray Originator: David N. Mott Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Three-dimensional geologic framework model of a karst aquifer system, Hasty and Western Grove quadrangles, northern Arkansas Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report with interactive model Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Report Issue_Identification: SIR-5095 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5095 Description: Abstract: Understanding ground-water flow in a karst aquifer benefits from a detailed conception of the three- dimensional (3D) geologic framework. Traditional two-dimensional products, such as geologic maps, cross-sections and structure contour maps, convey a mental picture of the area but a stronger conceptualization can be achieved by constructing a digital 3D representation of the stratigraphic and structural geologic features. In this study, a 3D geologic model was created to better understand a karst aquifer system in the Buffalo National River watershed in northern Arkansas. The model was constructed based on data obtained from recent detailed geologic mapping for the Hasty and Western Grove 7.5-minute quadrangles. The resulting model represents 11 stratigraphic zones of Ordovician, Mississippian and Pennsylvanian age. As a result of the highly dissected topography, stratigraphic and structural control from geologic contacts and interpreted structure contours were sufficient for effectively modeling the faults and folds in the model area. Combined with recent dye-tracing studies, the three-dimensional framework model is useful for visualizing the various geologic features and for analyzing the potential control they exert on the ground-water flow regime. Evaluation of the model, by comparison to published maps and cross-sections, indicates that the model accurately reproduces both the surface geology and subsurface geologic features of the area. Purpose: Characterization of ground-water flow through karst aquifers requires a detailed understanding of the geologic features influencing the karst network. Geologic features, such as jointing, faulting, stratigraphic characteristics and bedding attitudes, can impact the dissolution of soluble rock units, resulting in the development of preferential restricted or enhanced flow paths. To better comprehend the influence on ground-water flow of map-scale geologic features documented in recent geologic mapping by Hudson and Murray (2004) and Hudson and others (2006), a 3D geologic model was created for the Davis Creek subbasin encompassing part of the Buffalo River watershed in northern Arkansas. Combined with dye-tracer studies, the model allows visualization of geologic controls on the karst aquifers and provides insight into the possible ground-water pathways. The model was produced using sophisticated 3D geologic modeling software (Earth Vision®; Dynamic Graphics, Inc., Alameda, CA) and is accompanied by an interactive viewer allowing the user to explore and manipulate the model in all dimensions. Supplemental_Information: Files contained as part of this dataset include: dye injection and spring locations from National Park Service: dyeinjection.dat dyerecptor.dat springs.dat dyetracers.dat Fault data incorporated into the model: flt1plane_f.dat flt2plane_f.dat flt3plane_f.dat flt4plane_f.dat flt5plane_f.dat flt6plane_f.dat flt7plane_f.dat flt8plane_f.dat scattered data representing geologic horizons incorporated into the model: topography.dat topmb.dat topmf.dat topmp.dat topoel.dat topoeu.dat topop.dat topph.dat Files specific to the included viewer: daviscreek.enc.faces daviscreek.fault.enc.faces daviscreek.surf.enc.faces buffalo.znclr davisall.ann daviscrk.ann daviscrkwsd.ann Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Additional models of larger areas of the Buffalo National River may be created in the future. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.125 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -92.875 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.125 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: AGI Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: geologic framework model Theme_Keyword: normal fault Theme_Keyword: monocline Theme_Keyword: fold Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Board of Geographic Names Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Arkansas Place_Keyword: Buffalo River Place_Keyword: Western Grove Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: Paleozoic Temporal_Keyword: Ordovician Temporal_Keyword: Mississippian Temporal_Keyword: Pennsylvanian Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: None. Acknowledgment of the U. S. Geological Survey would be appropriate in products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kenzie J. Turner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25046, MS 980, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-4610 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-5349 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kturner@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Special thanks are extended to Michael P. Pantea for technical assistance during development of the model. Thanks to James C. Cole and Charles D. Blome for valuable technical reviews of the model and the report Funding for the project was provided by a U.S. Geological Survey project for cooperative work with the National Park Service. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows_NT, 5.1, Intel EarthVision ver. 7.5 (Earth Vision®; Dynamic Graphics, Inc., Alameda, CA) Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Scattered data used to generate geologic horizons in the model were derived directly from published geologic mapping of Hudson and Murray (2004) and Hudson and others (2006). These data were checked manually by comparing hardcopy plots of the digital files and original source material. Logical_Consistency_Report: No topologic relations are present in the scattered data; however, the original datasets from Hudson and Murray (2004) and Hudson and others (2006) were checked to prevent any duplication of features, which would result in redundant scattered data. Completeness_Report: Scattered data were derived from the original datasets by conversion of linear geologic contacts and faults into points. This conversion was done using ArcInfo software therefore maintaining accurate coordinates in the horizontal plane. The points were then decimated and incorporated into individual ASCII text files representing the top of a geologic zone. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy depicts that of the original datasets of typically less than 20 m. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Vertical accuracy depicts that of the published 10 m grid size USGS DEMs for the Western Grove and Hasty quadrangles. These DEMs have a maximum of 15 m vertical Root Mean Square Error. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mark R. Hudson Originator: Kyle E. Murray Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Geologic map of the Hasty quadrangle, Boone and Newton counties, Arkansas Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM-2847 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2847 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hudson and Murray (2004) Source_Contribution: Digital files containing geologic contacts and faults for the Hasty quadrangle were used to produce the scattered data files used by the modeling software. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mark R. Hudson Originator: Kenzie J. Turner Originator: John E. Repetski Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Geologic map of the Western Grove quadrangle, northwestern Arkansas Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM-2921 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, CO Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2921 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hudson and others (2006) Source_Contribution: Digital files containing geologic contacts and faults for the Western Grove quadrangle were used to produce the scattered data files used by the modeling software. Process_Step: Process_Description: Geologic contacts, structure contours and faults for the Hasty and Western Grove quadrangles were converted to point data in ArcInfo. Points were then assigned X and Y coordinates in text attribute fields automatically using ArcInfo software. Elevation values were obtained by intersecting the points with the USGS 10 m gridded DEMs for the Hasty and Western Grove quadrangles. Data points were then unloaded to text files with X,Y, and Z coordinate values for specific geologic horizons or individual faults. Fault scattered data were also attributed with dip direction and dip fields prior to unloading to text files. Process_Date: 200503 Process_Step: Process_Description: Faults scattered data were used by an EarthVision utility to generate additional points in 3D at the appropriate dip and dip direction. This step created scattered data representing a fault plane from the original fault trace data. Process_Date: 200503 Process_Step: Process_Description: An appropriate fault tree was developed using the EarthVision® produced fault plane scattered data, which allows the user to control fault intersections and terminations based on observed field relations. Process_Date: 200503 Process_Step: Process_Description: Geologic horizons were added to the faults and fault tree to create a preliminary 3D geologic model. Process_Date: 200503 Process_Step: Process_Description: Removal of erroneous points was necessary to allow EarthVision® to create a geologically sound model. Process_Date: 200511 Process_Step: Process_Description: A completed version of the 3D model and manuscript were submitted for techincal review. Process_Date: 200602 Process_Step: Process_Description: First version of the metadata was created by Kenzie J. Turner. Process_Date: 200505 Process_Step: Process_Description: Finalized version of the the 3D model and manuscript were submitted to the USGS Central publications group for review. Process_Date: 200605 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 15 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -93.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.00 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 20 Ordinate_Resolution: 20 Planar_Distance_Units: Meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The complete dataset includes proprietary file formats from EarthVision® intended for use only with the accompanying viewer. Supplemental files included as .dat files are the raw data incorporated during the creation of the model. These data are included for reference purposes. EarthVision® files: daviscreek.enc.faces : Modeled geologic units daviscreek.fault.enc.faces : Only the faults, no geologic units are included daviscreek.surf.enc.faces : Top surface of geologic units buffalo.znclr : Designates colors for each horizon in the viewer davisall.ann : When draped on the model, illustrates the Davis Creek Watershed and path of Davis Creek daviscrk.ann : Illustrates the path of Davis Creek daviscrkwsd.ann : Illustrates the Davis Creek Watershed Fault Plane data incorporated into the model: flt1plane_f.dat flt2plane_f.dat flt3plane_f.dat flt4plane_f.dat flt5plane_f.dat flt6plane_f.dat flt7plane_f.dat flt8plane_f.dat Attributes included in Fault Plane scattered data: x : Longitude coordinate in meters y : Latitude coordinate in meters z : Elevation in feet dip : Angle of dip for the fault plane dipazm : Compass direction for the dip direction scattered data representing geologic horizons incorporated into the model: topography.dat topmb.dat topmf.dat topmp.dat topoel.dat topoeu.dat topop.dat topph.dat Attributes included in horizon scatterd data: x : Longitude coordinate in meters y : Latitude coordinate in meters z : Elevation in feet scattered data representing dye tracer studies: springs.dat dyerecptor.dat dyeinjection.dat (includes text describing type of dye) dyetracers.dat (includes path numbers connecting injection sites to receptor sites) Attributes included in horizon scatterd data: x : Longitude coordinate in meters y : Latitude coordinate in meters z : Elevation in feet Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Denver Publishing Service Center U.S. Geological Survey MS 902, Box 25046 DFC City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-5486 Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: EarthVision® encrypted faces files ASCII text files Format_Version_Number: 7.5 File_Decompression_Technique: GZIP compressed TAR file (Unix), ZIP archive (Windows) Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5095 Fees: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Box 25286 City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Resource_Description: Scientific Investigations Report-5095 Distribution_Liability: none Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Manuscript, 3D model, and supplemental files can be ordered from the USGS at address above or see for more ordering information. Fees: For current prices see: Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2006 Metadata_Review_Date: 200606 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Kenzie J. Turner Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey MS 980, Box 25046 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-4610 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 303-236-5349 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kturner@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata ("CSDGM version 2") Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: none