By Daniel G. Driscoll, Janet M. Carter, Joyce E. Williamson, and Larry D. Putnam
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Water Resources Investigation Report 02-4094
Prepared in cooperation with the
South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources
and the West Dakota Water Development District
The Black Hills Hydrology Study was initiated in 1990 to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of surface water and ground water in the Black Hills area of South Dakota. This report summarizes the hydrology of the Black Hills area and the results of this long-term study.
The Black Hills area of South Dakota and Wyoming is an important recharge area for several regional, bedrock aquifer systems and various local aquifers; thus, the study focused on describing the hydrologic significance of selected bedrock aquifers. The major aquifers in the Black Hills area are the Deadwood, Madison, Minnelusa, Minnekahta, and Inyan Kara aquifers. The highest priority was placed on the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers, which are used extensively and heavily influence the surface-water resources of the area.
Within this report, the hydrogeologic framework of the area, including climate, geology, ground water, and surface water, is discussed. Hydrologic processes and characteristics for ground water and surface water are presented. For ground water, water-level trends and comparisons and water-quality characteristics are presented. For surface water, streamflow characteristics, responses to precipitation, annual yields and yield efficiencies, and water-quality characteristics are presented. Hydrologic budgets are presented for ground water, surface water, and the combined ground-water/surface-water system. A summary of study findings regarding the complex flow systems within the Madison and Minnelusa aquifers also is presented.
Cover (91 KB)--1 page
Inside Title Pages and TOC (85 KB) -- 7 pages
Section -- 1 (3 KB) -- 17 pages
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Description of Study Area
Acknowledgments
Hydrogeologic Framework
Climatic Framework
Geologic Framework
Regional Geologic Setting
Paleostructure
Stratigraphy
Local Geologic Setting
Section -- 2 (5 KB) -- 26 pages
Ground-Water Framework
Regional Aquifers
Local Aquifers
Characteristics and Properties of Major Aquifers
Overview of Other Aquifers
Surface-Water Framework
Hydrogeologic Settings
Streamflow Losses
Streamflow Regulation
Hydrologic Processes and Characteristics
Hydrologic Processes
Ground-Water Characteristics
Water-Level Trends and Comparisons
Temporal Trends
Comparisons Between Madison and Minnelusa Aquifers
Comparisons for Other Aquifers
Responses to Climatic Conditions
Water Quality
Section -- 3 (2 KB) -- 16 pages
General Characteristics for Major Aquifers
General Characteristics for Minor Aquifers
Susceptibility to Contamination
Summary Relative to Water Use
Section -- 4 (3 KB) -- 25 pages
Surface-Water Characteristics
Streamflow Characteristics
Streamflow Variability
Response to Precipitation
Annual Yield
Water Quality
Section -- 5 (4 KB) -- 18 pages
Standards and Criteria
Common-ion Chemistry
Anthropogenic Effects
Additional Factors Relative to In-Stream Standards
Hydrologic Budgets
Section -- 6 (4 KB) -- 46 pages
Methods for Estimating Basin Yield and Recharge
Ground-Water Budgets
Budgets for Madison and Minnelusa Aquifers
Budgets for Other Bedrock Aquifers
Surface-Water Budgets
Combined Ground-Water and Surface-Water Budgets
Evaluation of Hydrologic Budgets
Madison and Minnelusa Flow System
Isotope Information
Background Information and Composition of Recharge Water
Isotope Distributions and General Considerations
Flowpaths, Ages, and Mixing Conditions
Rapid City Area
Northern Black Hills
Southern Black Hills
Interactions Between Aquifers
Influence on Overall Hydrology of Black Hills Area
References
Whole report (PDF, 23 MB)-- 158 pages
Document Accessibility: Adobe Systems Incorporated has information about PDFs and the visually impaired. This information provides tools to help make PDF files accessible. These tools convert Adobe PDF documents into HTML or ASCII text, which then can be read by a number of common screen-reading programs that synthesize text as audible speech. In addition, an accessible version of Acrobat Reader 5.0 for Windows (English only), which contains support for screen readers, is available. These tools and the accessible reader may be obtained free from Adobe at Adobe Access.
| AccessibilityFOIAPrivacyPolicies and Notices | |
  |
|