U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4146
Sacramento, California 2003
Prepared in cooperation with the
Water Replenishment District of Southern California
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Preface
Abstract
Part I
Chapter 1:Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Acknowledgments
Chapter 2: Research Basin Construction and Instrumentation
Chapter 3: Geologic and Hydrologic Settings
Lithology
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity
Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity
Hydraulic Conditions During the Recharge Experiments
Chapter 4: Microbiological Changes During Recharge
Methods
Bacterial Distributions in Cores
Total and Fecal Coliform in Water
Nitrogen-Transforming Bacteria in Water
Chapter 5: Changes in Common Chemical Constituents During Recharge
Methods for Common Chemical Constituents
Chemical Attenuation During Recharge
Mixing and Displacement During Recharge
Nitrogen
Organic Carbon
Zinc
Arsenic
Chemical and Isotopic Evidence for Denitrifiction
Other Possible Mechanisms for Nitrogen Removal
Volatization
Ion Exchange
Sorption
Relative Importance of Oxygen and Nitrate as Electron Acceptors
Part II
Chapter 6: Hierarchal Approach to Organic Matter Characterization
Chapter 7: Isoloation and Characterization of Colloids
Sampling and Methods
Colloid Isolation Procedures
Analytical Methods
Results and Discussion
Colloid Concentration and Changes in Elemental Composition
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Sepectrometry
Chapter 8: Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Concentration, Fractionation, and Molecular Weight Determinations
Methods
Sample Collection and Field Processing
Analytical Methods
Total and Dissolved Organic and Inorganic Carbon Concentration
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fractionation
Dissolved Organic Carbon Molecular-Weight Characterization
Results and Discussion
First Recharge Experiment
Organic Carbon Concentration
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fractionation
Second Recharge Experiment
Organic Carbon Concentration
Molecular Weight of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fractionation
Third Recharge Experiment
Organic Carbon Concentration
Molecular Weight of Dissolved Organic Carbon
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fractionation
Chapter 9: Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Infrared and Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrometry
Fractionation and Isolation Methods
Spectral Characterizations
Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrometry
Chapter 10: Characgerization of Dissolved Organic Matter by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry
Sampling
Results
Chapter 11: Distributions of Halogenated Organic Compounds
Methods
Results
Chapter 12: Specific Organic Contaminants
Sampling
Analytical Methods
Methylene Blue Active Substances
Anionic Surfactants
Caffeine
Volatile Organic Compounds
Results
April 1994 Sampling
Methylene Blue Active Substances
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Caffeine
September 1994 Sampling
Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Caffeine
Volatile Organic Compounds
References Cited
Appendixes
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