Appendix D. Mineralogical Index by Paul B. Barton
The mineralogy of the deposits is indicated in six categories describing the mode of occurrence of the mineral. Each category, which constitutes a column, is labeled as follows: "Ore mineral" (the mineral is commonly the source of the metal or other valuable product of the deposit), "Gangue mineral" (the mineral has no value but is closely associated in time and space with the ore minerals), "Host rock mineral" and "Associated rock mineral" (the mineral is characteristic of the rocks in which the deposit is found or with which it is genetically associated), "Alteration mineral" (the mineral is produced in rocks near the deposit by hydrothermal processes related to ore deposition or transport), and "Weathering mineral" (the mineral is produced by weathering or supergene enrichment).
An "ore" mineral is so designated if it is a mineral which under reasonable circumstances might be used to provide a concentrate of a valuable substance. Thus traces of bismuthinite are "ores", as are pyrite or arsenopyrite crystals that carry gold, and so is pyrite in sufficient abundance that it might be used as a source of sulfur. But accessory pyrite without economic values is "gangue because neither iron nor sulfur would normally be produced from it; multiple entries for some minerals are expected. The "host" category is necessarily incomplete inasmuch as variations in host lithology are not necessarily critical parts of the model; for example a vein could cut a pegmatite containing minerals such as beryl or spodumene, neither of which would be very informative if added to the "host" minerals list.
Numerical values are given as a measure of the degree to which a mineral is present in the deposit of the type considered; the numbers are NOT the amount of mineral, but its universality anywhere in the deposit among all deposits of that class. The values "1", "2", "3", "4", and "5" correspond respectively to 0-10, 10-30, 30-70, 70-90, and 90-100 percent and, until definitive documentation for a given model type is available, will usually be no better than guesses based on experience. The numbers are modified by a letter suffix to give a qualitative estimate of the abundance of the mineral: I'm" indicates a major component, which we define as 10 volume percent; "t" indicates traces, which we define as 1 volume percent; intermediate values are given no designation. Detail on the spatial distribution of minerals resides in the models themselves.
Mineral |
Ore |
Gangue |
Host |
Assoc- |
Alter- |
Weath- |
Deposit type and model number |
|
|
min- |
min- |
rock |
iated |
ation |
ering |
|
|
|
eral |
eral |
min- |
rock |
min- |
min- |
|
|
|
|
|
eral |
min- |
eral |
eral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
eral |
|
|
|
|
Adularia |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
(also see |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
feldspar) |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
Albite |
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
W veins (15a) |
|
(Also see |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
feldspar) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
emerald veins (31c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
Alleghenyite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
Al oxides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and hydroxides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
5m |
bauxite, laterite type (38b) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
5m |
bauxite, karst type (38c) |
|
Alunite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alunite is a common result of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the oxidation of sulfides in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Al-bearing carbonate-poor rocks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
5 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
Amphibole |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amphibole is a common late-stage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
alteration in skarns of all types. |
|
Mn-rich |
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
actinolite |
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
(includes |
3 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
tremolite) |
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
serpentine-hosted asbestos (8d) |
|
anthophyllite |
|
|
|
3 |
3 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
cummingtonite |
|
3m |
3m |
|
|
|
Homestake Au (28c) |
|
Anatase |
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
bauxite, laterite type (38b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
bauxite, karst type (38c) |
|
Andalusite |
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
Anhydrite |
|
|
|
3m |
|
|
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
|
|
|
|
3m |
|
|
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
2m |
1m |
2m |
2 |
|
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
Apatite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
apatite, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(includes fluor- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
francolite, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
collophane) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
anorthosite-Ti (7b) |
|
|
1m |
4 |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
|
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
|
phosphate, warm-current type (34d) |
|
Antimony |
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
(native) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Argentite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
Argentite is a common product of th |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
supergene enrichment of silver ore |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
Arsenates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
Arsenides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
2 |
|
|
|
|
Merensky Reef PGE (2b) |
|
|
3 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
it |
3t |
|
|
|
|
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
4 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (80 |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
Arsenopyrite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
|
1t |
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
unconformity U (37a) |
|
Asbestos |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(see chrysotile) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ba-silicates |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
Barite |
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
1m |
3m |
|
1m |
|
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
1m |
3 |
|
3m |
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
|
bedded barite (31b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
Berthierite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
Beryl |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
emerald veins (31c) |
|
Biotite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biotite is a common mineral in igneous |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and metamorphic rocks. |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (15d) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
5 |
|
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
Bismuth |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
Bismuthinite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
Boehmite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
|
bauxite, karst type (38c) |
|
Bornite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bornite may be a supergene, as well |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as hypogene, copper mineral. |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
Brannerite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U (29a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
Bravoite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
Brucite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
serpentine-hosted asbestos (8d) |
|
Buddingtonite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
Calaverite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(see tellurides) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbonates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(see specific |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Carbonates are very common gangue |
|
carbonates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and host-rock minerals in a wide variety |
|
below) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of ores. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
Sn Skarn (14b) |
|
|
|
5m |
5m |
|
|
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
|
5m |
5m |
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
5 |
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
5 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
|
3m |
3m |
|
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
ankerite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
|
|
3m |
3m |
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
calcite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
3m |
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
4 |
4 |
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Almaden Hg (27b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
emerald veins (31c) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
|
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
phosphate, warm-current type (34d) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
unconformity U (38d) |
|
dolomite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
4 |
3 |
|
|
4m |
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
|
3m |
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
emerald veins (31c) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5m |
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
5m |
5m |
|
|
5m |
|
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4m |
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
Superior Fe (34a) |
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
|
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
|
phosphate, warm-current type (34d) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
unconformity U (37b) |
|
rhodochrosite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
|
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
|
3m |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary Mn (34b) |
|
siderite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
3m |
|
|
|
|
|
Algoma Fe (28b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
3m |
|
|
|
|
|
Superior Fe (34a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
|
|
3m |
3m |
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
unconformity U (37a) |
|
Carnotite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
Carrollite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Cassiterite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
it |
|
|
|
|
|
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
1t |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
Celestite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
Chalcedony |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(includes opal) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
5 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
Chalcocite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and related CuxS phases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
Chalcocite and related CuXS minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
are extremely common as supergene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
alterations of copper-bearing sulfides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and as supergene replacements of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
chalcopyrite and, to a lesser extent, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other primary sulfides. |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
1t |
|
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
4 |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Chalcopyrite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Stillwater Ni-Cu (1) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
Merensky Reef PGE (2b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
komatiitic Ni-Cu (6a) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu (7a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
unconformity U (37a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
Chert |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
|
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
|
|
|
4m |
1m |
|
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
|
5m |
5m |
5m |
|
|
Algoma Fe (28b) |
|
|
|
4m |
4m |
4m |
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
|
5m |
5m |
|
|
|
Superior Fe (34a) |
|
|
|
|
5m |
5m |
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Chlorite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4m |
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3m |
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
5m |
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
simple 5b (27d) |
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
4 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
5 |
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
|
4 |
4 |
4 |
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
5m |
|
unconformity U (37a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
Chromite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
3t |
|
|
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3t |
|
|
Merensky Reef PGE (2b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
5 |
|
|
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
5 |
|
|
podiform Cr (8a) |
|
|
|
|
3 |
3 |
|
|
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
5m |
|
|
5 |
|
|
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
diamond pipes (12) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
placer PGE-Au (39b) |
|
Chrysotile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
serpentine-hosted asbestos (8d) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
carbonate-hosted asbestos (18e) |
|
Cinnabar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Almaden Hg (27b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
Clays |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(see specific |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clays are very common minerals in soils |
|
clays below) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
and sedimentary rocks as well as in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
altered rocks associated with ores. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Mo porphyry, low-F (21b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
5 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
5 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
|
|
5m |
|
|
|
|
phosphate, warm-current type (34d) |
|
ammonium- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bearing |
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
illite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
kaolinite and dickite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
Kaolinite is commonly formed through |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the reaction of sulfuric acid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
derived from oxidizing sulfides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
with felsic rocks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
4 |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
carbonate-hosted Au (32a) |
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
unconformity U (37a) |
|
montmorillonite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(smectite) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
sericite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
unconformity U (38d) |
|
Co-bearing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
arsenides, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sulfides and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sulfarsenides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Stillwater Ni-Cu (1) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Coffinite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
5t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
unconformity U (38d) |
|
Copper (native) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
Native copper is a common mineral in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
oxidized copper ores; it also occurs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as a trace deuteric mineral in some |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mafic rocks. |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
Cordierite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
2 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
Corundum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1t |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
Covellite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Covellite is a very common supergene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mineral in oxidized copper ores. |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
Cubanite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
Diamond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5tt |
|
|
|
|
|
diamond pipes (12) |
|
|
5tt |
|
|
|
|
|
diamond placers (39d) |
|
Diaspore |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
|
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
Diopside (see pyroxenes) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dumortierite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
Enargite- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
luzonite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
1t |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
1t |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Epidote |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
3 |
|
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
4 |
|
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
Ferrimolybdite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
Ferrimolybdite is a common oxidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
product in Mo-bearing ores. |
|
Fletcherite (see sulfospinels) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fluorite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
3 |
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
3 |
|
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
|
4t |
|
|
4t |
|
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
emerald veins (31c) |
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
Ga minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Gahnite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
Galena |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
W veins (15a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
3t |
|
|
|
|
|
bedded barite (31b) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
2t |
|
|
|
|
|
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
4t |
|
|
|
|
|
unconformity U-Au (37a) |
|
Garnet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Garnet is a common mineral in most |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
skarns, in some regionally |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
metamorphosed rocks, and in some |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
igneous rocks. |
|
almandine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
andradite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
3m |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
|
... |
... |
4m |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
... |
... |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
(Sn-bearing) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
and.-gros.-spess. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (180 |
|
Garnet (cont.) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
grossular- |
... |
3m |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
andradite |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
pyrope |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
diamond pipes (12) |
|
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
diamond placers (39d) |
|
spessartine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
|
Climax Mo (16) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
|
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
|
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
uvarovite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
..... |
podiform Cr (8a) |
|
Garnierite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
lateritic Ni (38a) |
|
Ge minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Gold |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
|
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U (29a |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U-Au (37a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer Au-PGE (39a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer PGE-Au (39b) |
|
Graphite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
Merensky reef PGE (2b) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu (7a) |
|
|
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
Greenockite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4t |
Greenockite is a common trace mineral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
developed in the early stages of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
oxidation of cadmium-bearing sphalerite. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Greenockite is rare as a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
primary mineral. |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
Gypsum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
2 |
2 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
Halite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Halite occurs as a daughter mineral in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fluid inclusions from many porphyry |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
copper and molybdenum deposits and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from a few other deposits. |
|
Hematite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
Hematite is a common weathering |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
product of iron minerals. |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
... |
... |
1t |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
Algoma Fe (28b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
Superior Fe (34a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
unconformity U (37a) |
|
... |
... |
5... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
gold on flat faults (37b) |
|
Hematite/Goethite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
Hematite and goethite are common |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
weathering products of iron-bearing |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sulfides. They are often grouped |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
under the blanket term "limonite. |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
in ochre |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
4 |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
Idocrase |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
Illite (see clays) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ilmenite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ilmenite is a common accessory mineral |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in igneous and metamorphic rocks. |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
|
1 |
4 |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
Bushveld Fe-Ti-V (3) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
anorthosite-Ti (7b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
diamond pipes (12) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer Au-PGE (39a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer PGE-Au (39b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
shoreline placer Ti (39c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
diamond placers (39d) |
|
Ilvaite |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
Jarosite |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
Jarosite is a common product of the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
supergene oxidation of iron sulfides. |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
Jasperoid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(includes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jasperoid here refers to massive silica |
|
silicification in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
replacement of pre-existing (usually |
|
carbonate rocks) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
carbonate) rock. |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5M |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3m |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3m |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3m |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Kaolinite (see clays) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K-feldspar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potassium feldspar is a common mineral |
|
(also see |
|
|
|
|
|
|
in most types of felsic igneous, |
|
adularia) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Several lower temperature hydrothermal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
deposits contain the adularia variety |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(separate listing). |
|
... |
3... |
3... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
... |
4m |
4m |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
... |
3 |
3 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
... |
2 |
2 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
3 |
3 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
... |
4 |
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
... |
4 |
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
... |
3 |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
Leucoxene |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
Linneaite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(see also |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sulfospinels) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Luzonite (see enargite-luzonite) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnetite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnetite is a common accessory |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mineral in many types of rocks. |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
Bushveld Fe~Ti-V (3) |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu (7a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
anorthosite-Ti (7b) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
podiform Cr (8a) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
serpentine-hosted asbestos (8d) |
|
|
3m |
... |
3 |
4 |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
|
... |
3 |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Algoma Fe (28b) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
... |
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Superior Fe (34a) |
|
|
... |
4 |
4 |
4 |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer Au-PGE (39a) |
|
|
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer PGE-Au (39b) |
|
Ti-rich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Bushveld Fe-Ti-V (3) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
anorthosite Ti (7b) |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
V-rich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Bushveld Fe-Ti-V (3) |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
Malayaite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
Marcasite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
Marcasite is common as an incipient |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
stage in the oxidation of pyrrhotite. |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
... |
... |
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
... |
... |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
... |
... |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Melnikovite |
Melnikovite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
Mercury |
Mercury |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(native) |
(native) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
|
4t |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Almaden Hg (27b) |
|
|
4t |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
Millerite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
Mn oxides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and silicates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These are common oxidation products |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of manganese-bearing ores. |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
sedimentary Mn (34b) |
|
Molybdenite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Muscovite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Muscovite is a common mineral in |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
igneous and metamorphic rocks. It |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
also occurs as in some felsic skarns, |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
in veins, and as the fine-grained, |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
wallrock alteration known as sericite |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
(see clays). |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
5 |
5m |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
4 |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
4m |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
2 |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
2m |
... |
... |
... |
3m |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
Cr-rich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
V-rich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
Ni silicates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
lateritic Ni (38a) |
|
Ni sulfides, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
arsenides, and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sulfarsenides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(see also |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pentlandite) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (80 |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U (37a) |
|
Niobium |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
Olivine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
... |
... |
Olivine is a common mineral in mafic |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
igneous rocks (including those |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
associated with models 1 through 12). |
|
Organic matter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Organic matter is found in many |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary and a few metamorphic |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
rocks. The ore types noted here are |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
those for which some relationship is |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
probable. |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U (29a) |
|
Organic matter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
... |
4 |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
3 |
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
4t |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U-Au (37a) |
|
Orpiment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
Pentlandite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Stillwater Ni-Cu (1) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Merensky Reef PGE (2b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
komatiitic Ni-Cu (6a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu (7a) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
PGE minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Stillwater Ni-Cu (1) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Merensky Reef PGE (2b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
komatiitic Ni-Cu (6a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
podiform Cr (8a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U (29a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer Au-PGE (39a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
placer PGE-Au (39b) |
|
Phlogopite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
diamond pipes (12) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
diamond placers (39d) |
|
Phosphates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1m |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
phosphate, warm-current type (34d) |
|
Plagioclase |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(also see |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
albite) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
1 |
... |
Plagioclase feldspar is a common |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
mineral in igneous and metamorphic |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
rocks associated with deposit types 1 |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
through 10. |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
emerald veins (31c) |
|
Pyrite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Pyrite is a very common and abundant |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
mineral in many ore deposits and as |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
the product of sulfidic alteration of |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Fe-bearing wallrocks. |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
komatiitic Ni-Cu (6a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu (7a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
1m |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U (29a) |
|
... |
... |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
... |
... |
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
bedded barite (31b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
emerald veins (31c) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
... |
... |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
phosphate, upwelling type (34c) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U (37a) |
|
Pyrophyllite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
Pyroxene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Pyroxene is a common rock-forming |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
mineral in mafic igneous rocks and i |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
metamorphic rocks associated with |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
some deposit types 1 through 10. |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
shoreline placer Ti (39c) |
|
diopside |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
diamond pipes (12) |
|
... |
... |
4m |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
hedenbergite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
4m |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
Mn-rich |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
Pyrrhotite |
Pyrrhotite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Stillwater Ni-Cu (1) |
|
... |
... |
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Bushveld Cr (2a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Merensky Reef PGE (2b) |
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Bushveld Fe-Ti-V (3) |
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
Duluth Cu-Ni-PGE (5a) |
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
komatiitic Ni-Cu (6a) |
|
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
synorogenic-synvolcanic Ni-Cu (7a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Limassol Forest Co-Ni (8c) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Alaskan PGE (9) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
... |
... |
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Fe skarn (18d) |
|
... |
... |
1 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
... |
... |
3m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
1m |
4m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
... |
... |
3m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
... |
... |
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
... |
... |
3m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
... |
... |
1t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Quartz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
4m |
4m |
4m |
3m |
3m |
Quartz is almost universal in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
hydrothermal ores and a common |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and abundant constituent of most |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rocks. |
|
Rare earth- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
bearing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
3t |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
... |
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
... |
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
emerald veins (31c) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
shoreline placer Ti (39c) |
|
Realgar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
... |
... |
1t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Rhodonite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic Mn (24c) |
|
Rutile |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
anorthosite Ti (7b) |
|
|
... |
2 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4t |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4t |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4t |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
... |
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
emerald veins (31c) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
shoreline placer Ti (39c) |
|
Scapolite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
Scheelite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Selenides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
Serpentine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
4m |
4m |
... |
... |
Serpentine minerals are the common |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
products of the low-temperature |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
metamorphism of ultramafic and |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
mafic rocks. |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
serpentine-hosted asbestos (8d) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
diamond pipes (12) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
carbonate-hosted asbestos (18e) |
|
... |
... |
... |
5m |
... |
... |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
Silver (native) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Native silver is a common weathering |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
product of silver-bearing sulfide |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
ores. |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3t |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
Silver sulfides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and sulfosalts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4t |
Argentite and a wide variety of |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
silver sulfosalts are common products |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
of the oxidation and supergene |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
enrichment of silver-bearing sulfide |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
ores. |
|
|
1t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
Spessartite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
see Garnet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sphalerite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Mn (19b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cyprus massive sulfide (24a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
5m |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
bedded barite (31b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Appalachian Zn (32b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U-Au (37a) |
|
Sphene |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2t |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
... |
... |
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
Spinel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
Stannite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Zn-Pb skarn (18c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
Stibnite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonate-hosted Au (26a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
silica-carbonate Hg (27c) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Strontianite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
Sulfosalts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
The term sulfosalts" is here used to |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
represent all of the minerals that |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
combine silver or base metal sulfides |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
with As- Sb- or Bi-sulfides; |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
enargite-luzonite and tetrahedrite |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
tennantite fall within this broad |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
usage, but the Fe, Co and Ni |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sulfarsenides and sulfantimonides do |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
not. |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
1t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U (37a) |
|
Sulfospinels |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(also see carrollite, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
linneaite) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
dunitic Ni (6b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sediment-hosted Cu (30b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Sulfur (native) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2t |
Native sulfur is sometimes found as |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
an intermediate stage in the oxidation |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
of sulfide ores. |
|
|
2 |
3 |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
Sylvanite (see tellurides) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Talc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
serpentine-hosted asbestos (8d) |
|
Tantalum minerals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
Tellurides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
low-sulfide Au-quartz veins (36a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U-Au (37a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Au (20c) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
hot-spring Au-Ag (25a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Comstock epithermal vein (25c) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
Tennantite- |
Tennantite- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
tetrahedrite |
tetrahedrite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic replacement (19a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Cu-Mo (21a) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
porphyry Mo, low-F (21b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Au-Ag-Te veins (22b) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
polymetallic veins (22c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Creede epithermal vein (25b) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sado epithermal vein (25d) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone-hosted Pb-Zn (30a) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
southeast Missouri Pb-Zn (32a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Topaz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
|
2 |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
Tourmaline |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn skarn (14b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
replacement Sn (14c) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
... |
... |
4m |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
porphyry Cu (17) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
porphyry Sn (20a) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb (22a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
Blackbird Co-Cu (24d) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
volcanic-hosted magnetite (25i) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au (29b) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
3 |
3 |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Tungstenite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn (32c) |
|
Ulvospinel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
anorthosite-Ti (7b) |
|
Uraninite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
crystalline |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
quartz pebble conglomerate Au-U (29a) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U (37a) |
|
|
pitchblende |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
volcanogenic U (25f) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
|
5t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
unconformity U (37a) |
|
V-oxides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4t |
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4t |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
Valleriite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Norillsk Cu-Ni-PGE (5b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Besshi massive sulfide (24b) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
sedimentary exhalative Zn-Pb (31a) |
|
Vanadates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
sandstone U (30c) |
|
Witherite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
bedded barite (31b) |
|
Wolframite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
|
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn veins (15b) |
|
|
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn greisen (15c) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Climax Mo (16) |
|
|
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Sn-polymetallic veins (20b) |
|
|
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
simple Sb (27d) |
|
|
2t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
Homestake Au (36b) |
|
Wollastonite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4m |
... |
W skarn (14a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
porphyry Cu, skarn-related (18a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
Cu skarn (18b) |
|
Zeolites |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
basaltic Cu (23) |
|
... |
... |
5 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
epithermal Mn (25g) |
|
... |
... |
4 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
rhyolite-hosted Sn (25h) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
4 |
... |
hot-spring Hg (27a) |
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
... |
kuroko massive sulfide (28a) |
|
... |
... |
3 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
phosphate, warm-current type (34d) |
|
Zinnwaldite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
2t |
... |
... |
2 |
... |
W veins (15a) |
|
Zircon |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
anorthosite Ti (7b) |
|
... |
... |
3t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
carbonatite (10) |
|
|
4t |
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
shoreline placer Ti (39c) |
|
Zunyite |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
... |
... |
... |
... |
... |
3 |
... |
epithermal quartz-alunite Au (25e) |
|