Lithofacies and Palynostratigraphy of Some Cretaceous and Paleocene Rocks, Surghar and Salt Range Coal Fields, Northern Pakistan
By Peter D. Warwick, Shahid Javed, S. Tahir A. Mashhadi, Tariq Shakoor, Asrar M. Khan, and A. Latif Khan
Optical emission spectrographic analyses on coal ash (ppm) | |||||||||||
KEY | Ag | Au | B | Ba | Be | Bi | Dy | Er | |||
372 | 0.34 | 6.8L | 750 | 180 | 16 | 10.0L | 22.0L | 4.6L | |||
373 | 0.7 | 6.8L | 800 | 140 | 17 | 10.0L | 22.0L | 4.6L | |||
374 | 0.57 | 6.8L | 860 | 150 | 32 | 10.0L | 22.0L | 4.6L | |||
572 | 0.56 | 6.8L | 650 | 170 | 76 | 22.0L | 10.0L | 4.6L | |||
N: | 4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
MIN: | 0.34 | 650 | 140 | 16 | |||||||
MAX: | 0.7 | 860 | 180 | 76 | |||||||
MEAN: | 0.54 | 765 | 160 | 35.2 | |||||||
sd: | 0.15 | 89 | 182 | 8.1 | |||||||
KEY | Ga | Gd | Ge | Ho | In | Ir | Mo | Nb | |||
372 | 43 | 32.0L | 67 | 6.8L | 10.0L | 15.0L | 150 | 50 | |||
572 | 55 | 22.0L | 470 | 1.5L | 6.8L | 10.0L | 57 | 20 | |||
N: | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |||
MIN: | 43 | 67 | 57 | 20 | |||||||
MAX: | 55 | 470 | 150 | 50 | |||||||
MEAN: | 49 | 268.5 | 103.5 | 35 | |||||||
sd: | 8.5 | 285 | 65.8 | 21 | |||||||
KEY | Nd | Ni | Os | Pd | Pr | Pt | Re | Rh | USGSASH | ||
372 | 83 | 110 | 15.0L | 1.00L | 100.0L | 2.2L | 10.0L | 2.2L | 13.7 | ||
373 | 190 | 150 | 15.0L | 1.00L | 100.0L | 2.2L | 10.0L | 2.2L | 8.8 | ||
374 | 70 | 76 | 15.0L | 1.00L | 100.0L | 2.2L | 10.0L | 2.2L | 9 | ||
572 | 73 | 51 | 10.0L | 0.68L | 12 | 1.5L | 10.0L | 1.5L | 9 | ||
N: | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
MIN: | 70 | 51 | |||||||||
MAX: | 190 | 150 | |||||||||
MEAN: | 104 | 112 | |||||||||
sd: | 57.6 | 37 | |||||||||
KEY | Ru | Sn | Sr | Te | Tl | Tm | V | Y | Zr | ||
372 | 2.2L | 23 | 810 | 0B | 10.0L | 4.6L | 380 | 0 | 270 | ||
373 | 2.2L | 0.0H | 780 | 0B | 10.0L | 4.6L | 270 | 0 | 360 | ||
374 | 2.2L | 0.0H | 2400 | 0B | 10.0L | 4.6L | 190 | 0 | 280 | ||
572 | 1.0L | 48 | 2600 | 0B | 10.0L | 3.2L | 110 | 77 | 190 | ||
N: | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 4 | ||
MIN: | 23 | 780 | 110 | 190 | |||||||
MAX: | 48 | 2600 | 380 | 360 | |||||||
MEAN: | 35.5 | 1647.5 | 237 | 275 | |||||||
sd: | 17.7 | 987.8 | 115 | 69 | |||||||
Neutron activation analyses on whole coal (ppm) | |||||||||||
KEY | As | Br | Ce | Co | Cr | Cs | Eu | Hf | La | Lu | |
372 | 7.1 | 3.78 | 23.1 | 2.63 | 34.4 | 0.71 | 0.442 | 2.07 | 12.1 | 0.1L | |
373 | 8 | 1.76 | 21.8 | 4.72 | 25.3 | 0.3L | 0.335 | 1.49 | 11.3 | 0.093 | |
374 | 2.44 | 4.81 | 11 | 1.76 | 11 | 0.2L | 0.239 | 0.77 | 4.48 | 0.11 | |
572 | 5.98 | 15.1 | 9.4 | 1.88 | 12 | 0.141 | 0.283 | 0.55 | 4.22 | 0.073 | |
N: | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |
MIN: | 2.44 | 1.76 | 9.4 | 1.76 | 11 | 0.141 | 0.239 | 0.55 | 4.22 | 0.073 | |
MAX: | 8 | 15.1 | 23.1 | 4.72 | 34.4 | 0.71 | 0.442 | 2.07 | 12.1 | 0.11 | |
MEAN: | 5.88 | 6.36 | 16.3 | 2.75 | 20.7 | 0.425 | 0.324 | 1.22 | 35.25 | 0.092 | |
sd: | 2.44 | 5.96 | 7.1 | 1.37 | 11.2 | 0.4 | 0.087 | 0.69 | 57.26 | 0.018 | |
KEY | Rb | Sb | Sc | Se | Sm | Ta | Tb | Th | U | W | Yb |
372 | 50.0L | 0.63 | 4.53 | 13.8 | 2.07 | 0.57 | 0.305 | 4.5 | 13.7 | 0.91 | 1.17 |
373 | 40.0L | 0.27 | 2.68 | 19.1 | 1.57 | 0.57 | 0.191 | 4 | 1.39 | 0.46 | 0.63 |
374 | 30.0L | 0.22 | 2.51 | 13.3 | 1.13 | 0.286 | 0.138 | 2.4 | 2.42 | 0.59 | 0.53 |
572 | 28.0L | 0.2 | 2.88 | 7.4 | 1.38 | 0.134 | 0.195 | 1.82 | 0.906 | 0.45 | 0.51 |
N: | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
MIN: | 0.2 | 2.41 | 7.4 | 1.13 | 0.134 | 0.207 | 1.82 | 0.906 | 0.45 | 0.51 | |
MAX: | 0.63 | 4.53 | 19.1 | 2.07 | 0.57 | 0.07 | 4.5 | 13.7 | 0.91 | 1.17 | |
MEAN: | 0.33 | 3.15 | 13.4 | 1.54 | 0.39 | 0.207 | 3.18 | 4.604 | 0.6 | 0.71 | |
sd: | 0.2 | 0.93 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 1.27 | 6.097 | 0.21 | 0.31 | |
X-ray fluorescence analyses on coal ash | |||||||||||
KEY | Al (ppm) |
Al2O3 (percent) |
Ca (ppm) |
CaO (percent) |
Fe (ppm) |
Fe2O3 (percent) |
K (ppm) |
K2O (percent) |
|||
372 | 1061.0 | 20.057 | 195 | 2.731 | 7800 | 15.42 | 118 | 1.4 | |||
373 | 1135.0 | 21.456 | 197 | 2.759 | 245900 | 35.16 | 39 | 0.469 | |||
374 | 889.7 | 16.819 | 341 | 4.776 | 292700 | 41.86 | 40 | 0.481 | |||
572 | 780.5 | 14.754 | 271 | 3.795 | 304100 | 43.48 | 62 | 0.745 | |||
N: | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
MIN: | 780.5 | 14.754 | 195 | 2.731 | 107800 | 15.42 | 39 | 0.469 | |||
MAX: | 1135 | 21.456 | 341 | 4.776 | 304100 | 43.49 | 118 | 1.418 | |||
MEAN: | 966.5 | 18.271 | 251 | 3.515 | 237600 | 33.98 | 65 | 0.778 | |||
sd: | 161 | 3.044 | 69 | 0.975 | 90100 | 12.89 | 37 | 0.445 | |||
KEY | Si (ppm) |
SiO2 (percent) |
S (ppm) |
SO3 (percent) |
Ti (ppm) |
TiO2 (percent) |
|||||
372 | 231700 | 49.58 | 0.86 | 2.15 | 1.25 | 2.09 | |||||
373 | 138900 | 29.72 | 0.997 | 2.493 | 1.98 | 3.311 | |||||
374 | 115400 | 24.7 | 1.42 | 3.55 | 1.07 | 1.789 | |||||
572 | 55708 | 11.935 | 3.3 | 8.25 | 0.45 | 0.752 | |||||
N: | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||
MIN: | 113400 | 24.268 | 0.86 | 2.15 | 0.45 | 0.752 | |||||
MAX: | 231700 | 49.58 | 3.3 | 8.25 | 1.98 | 3.311 | |||||
MEAN: | 149800 | 32.067 | 1.644 | 4.11 | 1.19 | 1.98 | |||||
sd: | 113400 | 24.268 | 1.129 | 2.82 | 0.63 | 1.05 | |||||
Atomic absorption analyses on coal ash | |||||||||||
KEY | USGSASH (percent) |
Cu (ppm) |
Li (ppm) |
Mg (percent) |
MgO (percent) |
Na (percent) |
Na2O (percent) |
Zn (ppm) |
|||
372 | 13.7 | 63 | 140 | 0.58 | 0.963 | 0.17 | 0.229 | 180 | |||
373 | 8.8 | 130 | 170 | 0.38 | 0.631 | 0.22 | 0.297 | 140 | |||
374 | 9 | 110 | 200 | 0.44 | 0.73 | 0.18 | 0.243 | 39 | |||
572 | 9 | 140 | 130 | 0.29 | 0.481 | 0.62 | 0.837 | 160 | |||
N: | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
MIN: | 8.8 | 63 | 130 | 0.29 | 0.481 | 0.17 | 0.229 | 39 | |||
MAX: | 13.7 | 140 | 200 | 0.58 | 0.963 | 0.62 | 0.837 | 180 | |||
MEAN: | 10.1 | 111 | 160 | 0.42 | 0.7 | 0.29 | 0.401 | 130 | |||
sd: | 2.4 | 34 | 32 | 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.21 | 0.292 | 63 | |||
KEY | Cd (percent) |
Mn (ppm) |
Pb (ppm) |
||||||||
372 | 0.32 | 110 | 65 | ||||||||
373 | 0.32 | 93 | 20 | ||||||||
374 | 0.28 | 200 | 69 | ||||||||
572 | 0.6 | 12 | 22 | ||||||||
N: | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
MIN: | 0.28 | 212 | 22 | ||||||||
MAX: | 0.6 | 200 | 120 | ||||||||
MEAN: | 0.38 | 104 | 69 | ||||||||
sd: | 0.15 | 77 | 40 | ||||||||
X-ray fluorescence analyses on whole coal | |||||||||||
KEY | Cl (ppm) |
P2O5 (ppm) |
|||||||||
372 | 100L | 0.011 | |||||||||
373 | 100L | 0.01 | |||||||||
374 | 100L | 0.01 | |||||||||
572 | 150 | 2.84 | |||||||||
N: | 1 | 4 | |||||||||
MIN: | 0.01 | ||||||||||
MAX: | 2,840 | ||||||||||
MEAN: | 0.718 | ||||||||||
sd: | 1.415 | ||||||||||
Wet chemical analyses (flameless atomic absorption) on whole coal | |||||||||||
KEY | Hg (ppm) |
||||||||||
372 | 0.005L | ||||||||||
373 | 0.005L | ||||||||||
374 | 0.005L | ||||||||||
572 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
N: | 1 | ||||||||||
Wet chemical analyses (specific ion electrode) on whole coal | |||||||||||
KEY | F (ppm) |
||||||||||
372 | 70 | ||||||||||
373 | 30 | ||||||||||
374 | 70 | ||||||||||
572 | 20L | ||||||||||
N: | 3 | ||||||||||
MIN: | 30 | ||||||||||
MAX: | 70 | ||||||||||
MEAN: | 57 | ||||||||||
sd: | 23 |
[ Contents ]
Created by the EERT WWW Staff.
[an error occurred while processing this directive]