Aller, L., Bennett, T., Lehr, J.H., and Petty, R.J., 1985, DRASTIC- A standardized system for evaluating ground water pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report EPA/600/2-85/018, 163 p.
Alley, W.M., 1993, Regional Ground Water Quality, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY. 635 p.
Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground-water resources. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1186, 79 p.
American Society for Testing and Materials, 2000, Standard guide for selection of methods for assessing ground water or aquifer sensitivity and vulnerability. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA. 19 p.
Arnold, T.L. and Friedel, M.J., 2000, Effects of land use on recharge potential of surficial and shallow bedrock aquifers in the Upper Illinois River basin. U. S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4027, 18 p.
Back, W., Baedecker, M.J., and Wood, W.W., 1993, Scales in chemical hydrogeology: A historical perspective, in Regional Ground Water Quality (William Alley, editor): Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, p. 111-128.
Barbash, J.E., and Resek, E.A., 1996, Pesticides in ground water-distribution, trends, and governing factors: Chelsea, Mich., Ann Arbor Press, Inc., 588 p.
Barrett, M.R., and Williams, W.M., 1989, Occurrence of atrazine in ground water as a result of agricultural use, in Pesticides in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments, May 11-12, 1989, Proceedings: Blacksburg, Virginia, Virginia Water Resources Research Center, p. 39-61.
Bohlke, J.K., and Denver, J.M., 1995, Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Maryland. Water Resources Research v. 31, no. 9, pp 2319-2339.
Chapelle, F.H., Robertson, J.F., Landmeyer, J.E., and Bradley, P.M., 2000, Methodology for applying monitored natural attenuation to petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated ground-water systems with examples from South Carolina. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4161. 47 p.
Coplen, T. B., Herczeg, A. L., and Barnes, C., 1999, Isotope Engineering - Using stable isotopes of the water molecule to solve practical problems: in Environmental tracers in subsurface hydrology (P.G. Cook and A.L. Herczeg, editors): Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, p. 79-110.
Dean, Y.J., and Meeks, J.D., 1990, Evaluating ground-water vulnerability to pesticides. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 116, no. 5, p. 693-707.
Duncan, D., Pederson, D.T., Shepherd, T.R., and Carr, J.D., 1991, Atrazine used as a tracer of induced recharge: Ground Water Monitoring Review, v. 11, no. 4, p. 144-150.
Durnford, D.S., Thompson, K.R., Ellerbrook, D.A., Loftis, J.C., and Davies, G.S., 1990, Screening methods for ground water pollution potential from pesticide use in Colorado agriculture: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Fort Collins, Completion Report No. 157, 165 p.
Erwin, M.L., and Tesoriero, A.J., 1997, Predicting ground-water vulnerability to nitrate in the Puget Sound Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 061-97, 4 p.
Focazio, M.J., Z. Szabo, T.F. Kraemer, A.H. Mullin, T.H. Barringer, and V.T. dePaul, 2000, Occurrence of selected radionuclides in ground water used for drinking water in the United States: A reconnaissance survey, 1998. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4273. 40 p.
Franke, O.L., Reilly, T.E., Pollock, D.W., and LaBaugh, J.W., 1998, Estiminating areas contributing recharge to wells: Lessons from previous studies, U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1174, 14 p.
Garrett, P., Williams, J.S., Rossoll, C.F., and Tolman, A.L., 1989, Are ground water vulnerability classification systems workable in FOCUS Conference on Eastern Regional Ground Water Issues, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada, October 17-19, Proceedings: National Water Well Association, Dublin, Ohio, p. 329-343.
Greene, E.A., 1997, Tracing recharge from sinking streams over spatial dimensions of Kilometers in a karst aquifer. Ground Water, vol. 33., no.5. pp. 898-904
Gustafson, D.A., 1990, Field calibration of SURFACE: a model of agricultural chemicals in surface waters. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, v. 25, no. 5, p. 665-687.
Haan, C.T., 1977, Statistical methods in hydrology. The Iowa State University Press. Ames, Iowa. 378 p.
Hamerlinck, J.D., and Ameson, C.S., 1998, Wyoming ground water vulnerability assessment handbook: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, Spatial Data Visualization Center, Report SDVC 98-01, 2 Volumes, Accessed December 2000 at URL http://www.sdvc.uwyo.edu/groundwater/report.html.
Harbaugh, A.W., Banta, E.R., Hill, M.C., and McDonald, M.G., 2000, MODFLOW-2000, The U.S. Geological Survey Modular Ground-Water Model – Users guide to modularization concepts and the ground-water flow process. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-92, 121 p.
Hearne, G.A., Wireman, M., Campbell, A., Turner,
S., and Ingersoll, G.P., 1992, Vulnerability of the uppermost ground water to
contamination in the Greater Denver area, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources
Investigations Report 92-4143, 243 p.
Heath, R.C., 1983, Basic ground-water hydrology. U.S. Geological
Survey Water-Supply Paper 2220, 84 p.
Helsel, D.R. and Hirsch, R.M., 1992, Statistical Methods in Water Resources. Elsevier Publishers, New York, 529 p.
Hill, M.C., Banta, E.R., Harbaugh, A.W., and Anderman, E.R., 2000, Documentation of MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model, User's guide to the Observation, Sensitivity, and Parameter-Estimation Process and three post-processing programs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-184, 209p.
Holden, L.R., J.A. Graham, R. W. Whitmore, W.J. Alexander, R. W. Pratt, S.K. Liddle, and L.L. Piper, 1992, Results of the National Alachlor Well Water Survey. Environmental Science and Technology 26 (5), p. 935-943.
Holtschlag, D.J., and C.L. Luukkonen, 1997, Vulnerability of ground water to atrazine leaching in Kent County, Michigan. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4198. 49 p.
Johansson, P.O., Scharp, C., Alveteg, T., Choza, A., 1999, Framework for ground-water protection-the Managua Ground Water System as an example. Ground Water, v. 37, no. 2, p. 204-213.
Katz, B.G., Hornsby, H.D., Bohlke, J.K., Mokray, M.F., 1999, Sources and chronology of nitrate contamination in spring waters, Suwanee River Basin, Florida. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4252. 54 p.
Kellogg, R.L., Wallace, S., Alt, K., and Goss, D.W., 1997, Potential priority watersheds for protection of water quality from nonpoint sources related to agriculture: Poster Presentation at the 52nd Annual SWCS Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, July 22-25, 1997, Accessed December 2000 at URL http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/land/pubs/wqpost2.html.
Kim, Y.J., and Hamm, S., 1999, Assessment of the potential for ground water contamination using the DRASTIC/EGIS technique, Cheongju area, South Korea: Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 227-235.
Kolpin, D.W., Kalkhoff, S.J., Goolsby, D.A., Sneck-Fahrer, D.A., and Thurman, E.M., 1997, Occurrence of selected herbicides and herbicide degradation products in Iowa's ground water, 1995. Ground Water, v. 35, no. 4, p. 679-688.
Koterba, M.T., Banks, W.S.L., and Shedlock, R.J., 1993, Pesticides in shallow groundwater in the Delmarva Peninsula. Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 3, p. 500-518.
LeBlanc, D.R., Garabedian, S.P., Hess, K.M., Gelhar, L.W., Quadri, R.D., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Wood, W.W., 1991, Large-scale natural gradient tracer test in sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts – 1. Experimental design and observed tracer movement. Water Resources Research, vol. 27, no. 5, p. 895-910.
Loague, K., Bernknopf, R.L., Green, R.E., and Giambelluca, T.W., 1996, Uncertainty of groundwater vulnerability assessments for agricultural regions in Hawaii: Review. Journal of Environmental Quality 25, p. 475-490
Lobo-Ferreira, J.P., and Oliveira, M.M., 1997, DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping of Portugal: Proceedings from the 27th Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, USA, Aug. 10-15, p. 132-137, Accessed December 2000 at http://www-dh.lnec.pt/gias/novidades/drastic_e.html.
Lynch, S.D., Reynders, A.G., and Schulze, R.E., 1994, Preparing input data for a national-scale ground water vulnerability map of Southern Africa. Water S. A., v. 20, no. 3, p. 239-246.
Lynch, S.D., Reynders, A.G., and Schulze, R.E., 1997, A DRASTIC approach to ground water vulnerability in South Africa. South African Journal of Science, v. 93, no. 2, p. 59-60.
Masterson, J.P., and Walter, D.A., 2000, Delineation of ground-water recharge areas, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. U.S. Geological survey Water Resources Investigations Report 00-4000, 1 plate.
Masterson, J.P., Walter, D.A., and LeBlanc, D.R., 1998, Delineation of contributing areas to selected public-supply wells, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. U.S. Geological survey Water Resources Investigations Report 98-4237, 45 p.
Melloul, M., and Collin, M., 1998, A proposed index for aquifer water-quality assessment: the case of Israel's Sharon region: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 54, no. 2, p. 131-142.
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1996, Tenth Edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc. Springfield Massachusetts. pp. 1559
Morgan, L., 1998, Draft interim report on PATRIOT trial run for the State of Washington Interagency Ground-water Committee, Aquifer Vulnerability Subcommittee: Washington State Department of Ecology, Water Quality Program, Watershed Management Section, Olympia, WA, 17 p., 7 appendices.
Mueller, T.C., 1994, Comparison of PRZM computer model predictions with field lysimeter data for dichlorprop and bentazon leaching. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A, v. A29, no. 6, p. 1183-1195.
Mueller, D.K., Ruddy, B.C., and Battaglin, W.A.,1997, Logistic model of nitrate in streams of the upper-midwestern United States. Journal of Environmental Quality v. 26, no. 5, p. 1223-1230.
National Research Council, 1993, Ground water vulnerability assessment, contamination potential under conditions of uncertainty: National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 210 p. Accessed December 2000 at URL http://books.nap.edu/books/0309047994/html.
Niccoli, W.L., Loftis, J.C., Durnford, D.S., and Butters, G., 1989, Potential pesticide transport in Colorado agriculture; a model comparison: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Fort Collins, Completion Report No. 156, 96 p.
Nolan, B.T., Hitt, K.J., Ruddy, B.C., 2002, Probability of nitrate contamination of recently recharged groundwaters in the conterminous United States. Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36 n. 10, p. 2138 - 2145.
Nolan, B.T., 1998, Modeling approaches for assessing the risk of nonpoint-source contamination of ground water. U.S. Geolgical Survey Open-File Report 98-531. 15 p.
Nolan, B.T., Ruddy, B.C., Hitt, K.J., and Helsel, D.R., 1998, A National look at nitrate contamination of ground water: Water Conditioning and Purification, v. 39, no. 12, pages 76-79, Accessed December 2000 at URL http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/wcp.
Nolan, B.T., Ruddy, B.C., Hitt, K.J, and Helsel, D.R., 1997, Risk of nitrate in groundwaters of the United States - a national perspective. Environmental Science and Technology v. 31, no. 8, p. 2229-2236.
Perry, C.A., 1991, Observed and simulated distribution of selected herbicides in silty loam, sandy loam, and clay soil profiles near Topeka, Kansas, 1986-88. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4017, 61 p.
Plummer, L.N., Busenberg, E., McConnell, J.B., Drenkard, S., Schlosser, P., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Flow of river water into a Karstic limestone aquifer. 1. Tracing the young fraction in groundwater mixtures in the Upper Floridan Aquifer near Valdosta, Georgia. Applied Geochemistry, v. 13, no. 8, p. 995-1015.
Plummer, L.N., Michel, R.L., Thurman, E.M., and Glynn, P.D., 1993, Environmental tracers for age dating young ground water: in Regional ground-water quality (William Alley, editor): Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, p. 255-294.
Pollock, D.W., 1994, User's guide for MODPATH/MODPATH-PLOT, version 3: A particle tracking post processing package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water-flow model. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-464, 249 p.
Rao, P.S.C., and Alley, W.M., 1993, Pesticides: in Regional Ground-Water Quality (W.M. Alley, editor): Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, p. 345-377.
Regional Groundwater Center, 1995, Groundwater vulnerability study for Tyrone Township, Livingston County, Michigan. Regional Groundwater Center, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan. Accessed December 2000 at URL http://www.flint.umich.edu/Departments/RegionalGroundwater/tyreport.htm.
Reilly, T.E., 1993, Analysis of ground-water systems in freshwater-saltwater environments: in Regional Ground-Water Quality (W.M. Alley, editor): Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY, p. 443-469.
Reilly, T. E., and Pollock, D. W., 1993, Factors affecting areas contributing recharge to wells in shallow aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2412, 21 p.
Reilly, T.E., Plummer, L.N., Phillips, P.J., Busenberg, E., 1994, The use of simulation and multiple environmental tracers to quantify ground-water flow in a shallow aquifer. Water Resources Research, v. 30, no. 2, pp. 421-433.
Reilly, T.E., 2001, System and boundary conceptualization in ground-water-flow simulation. Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey Book 3, Applications of Hydraulics, Chapter B8, 30 p.
Rosen, L., 1994, A study of the DRASTIC methodology with emphasis on Swedish conditions: Ground Water, v. 32, no. 2, p. 278-285.
Rowe, G.L., Dunkle Shapiro, S., Schlosser, P., 1999, Use of environmental tracers to evaluate ground-water age and water-quality trends in a buried-valley aquifer, Dayton area, Southwestern, Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4113. 81 p.
Rupert, M.G., 1998, Probability of detecting
atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate in ground
water of the Idaho part of the upper Snake River Basin. U.S.Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4203. 27 p.
Rupert, M.G., 2001, Calibration of the DRASTIC ground water vulnerability mapping
method. Ground Water, v. 39, no. 4, pp. 625-630.
Rutledge, A.T., and Helgesen, J.O., 1991, A steady-state unsaturated-zone model to simulate pesticide transport. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4164, 13 p.
Ryker, S.J., Nov. 2001, Mapping arsenic in ground water— A real need, but a hard problem. Geotimes Newsmagazine of the Earth Sciences, v. 46, no. 11, p. 34-36
Ryker, S.J. and Williamson, A.K., 1996, Pesticides in Public Supply Wells of Washington State. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-122-96, 2 p.
Sadeghi, A.M., Isensee, A.R., and Shirmohammadi, A., 1995, Atrazine movement in soil: comparison of field observations and PRZM simulations. Journal of Soil Contamination, v. 4, no. 2, p. 151-161.
Seelig, B., 1994, An Assessment System for Potential Groundwater Contamination from Agricultural Pesticide Use in North Dakota: North Dakota North Dakota State University Extension Service, Extension Bulletin No. 63, Accessed December 2000 at URL http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/h2oqual/watgrnd/eb63w.htm.
Seiler, R.L., Skorupa, J.P., and Peltz, L.A., 1999a, Areas Susceptible to Irrigation-Induced Selenium Contamination of Water and Biota in the Western United States. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1180, 36 p.
Seiler, R.L., Zaugg, S.D., Thomas, J.M., Howcroft, D.L., 1999b, Caffeine and pharmaceuticals as indicators of waste water contamination in wells. Ground Water, v. 37, no. 3, p. 405-410.
Shapiro, A.M., and Hsieh, P.A., 1998, How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock? Ground Water, v. 36, n. 1, pp 37-48.
Shelton, J.L., Burow, K.R., Belitz, K., Dubrovsky, N.M., Land, M., Gronberg, J., 2001, Low-level volatile organic compounds in active public supply wells as ground-water tracers in the Los Angeles Physiographic Basin, California, 2000.
Shukla, S., Mostaghimi, S., Shanholt, V.O., Collins, M.C., and Ross, B.B., 2000, A county-level assessment of ground water contamination by pesticides. Ground Water Monitoring and Review, v. 20, no. 1, p. 104-119.
Snyder, D.T., Wilkinson, J.M., and Orzol, L.L., 1998, Use of a ground-water flow model with particle tracking to evaluate ground-water vulnerability, Clark County, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2488, 63 p.
Squillace, P.J., Moran, M.J., Lapham, W.W., Price, C.V., Clawges, R.M., and Zogorski, J.S., 1999, Volatile organic compounds in untreated ambient groundwater of the United States, 1985-1995. Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 23, p. 4176-4187.
Squillace P., and Moran, M., 2000, Estimating the likelihood of MTBE occurrence in drinking water supplied by ground-water sources in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Regions of the United States. U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 00-343, 10 p.
Starn, J.J., Radway Stone, J., Mullaney, J.R., 2000, Delineation and analysis of uncertainty of contributing areas to wells at the southbury training school, Southbury, Connecticut. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4158, 54 p.
Stute, M., Deák, J., Révész, K., Böhlke, J.K., Deseö, E., Weppernig, R., and P. Schlosser, 1997, Tritium/3He dating of river infiltration: An example from the Danube in the Szigetköz area, Hungary. Ground Water, v. 35, no. 5, p. 905-911.
Taylor, C.J., 1997, Delineation of ground-water basins and recharge areas for municipal water-supply springs in a karst aquifer system in the Elizabethtown area, Northern Kentucky. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4254. 22 p.
Tesoriero, A.J., and Voss, F.D., 1997, Predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound basin: Implications for aquifer susceptibilityand vulnerability. Ground Water, v. 35, no. 6, pp. 1029-1039
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993a, A review of methods for assessing aquifer sensitivity and ground water vulnerability to pesticide contamination. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/813/R-93/002, 147 p.
--- 1993b, PRZM-2, A Model for Predicting Pesticide Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: User Manual for Release 2.0. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 600/R-93/045, 406 p.
--- 1994, PATRIOT--A methodology and decision support system for evaluating the leaching potential of pesticides: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 600/S-93/010, 8 p.
--- 1997, State source water assessment and protection programs guidance. Final Guidance U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA816-R-97-009, 127 p.
Villumsen, A; Sonderskov, C., 1982, Vulnerability
Maps: A Promising Tool in Groundwater Protection: Aqua No 5, Denmark, p. 0466-0468.
Vowinkel, E.F., Clawges, R.M., Buxton, D.E., Stedfast,
D.A., and Louis, J.B., 1996, Vulnerability of public drinking water supplies
in New Jersey to pesticides. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-165-96, 3
p.
Welch, A.H., Westjohn, D.B., Helsel, D.R., and Wanty, R.B., 2000, Arsenic in ground water of the United States – Occurrence and geochemistry. Ground Water, v. 38, no. 4, p. 589.
Whitehead, R.L., 1992, Geohydrologic framework of the Snake River Plain regional aquifer system, Idaho and eastern Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1408B, 32 p., 6 pls.
Wilson, W.E., and Moore, J.E., editors, 1998, Glossary of Hydrology: American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia, 248 p.
Winter, T.C., Harvey, J.W., Franke, O.L., and Alley, W.M., 1998, Ground water and surface water - A single resource: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139, 79 p.
Back: Conclusions