USGS WATER RESOURCES
National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program

Design of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program:

Occurrence and Distribution of Water-Quality Conditions

United States Geological Survey Circular 1112
By Robert J. Gilliom, William M. Alley, and Martin E. Gurtz

REFERENCES CITED

Alley, W.M., 1993a,
General design considerations, in Alley, W.M., ed., Regional ground-water quality: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 3-21.

_____1993b,
Ground-water-quality surveys, in Alley, W.M., ed., Regional ground-water quality: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 63-85.

Alley, W.M., and Cohen, Philip, 1991,
A scientifically based nationwide assessment of groundwater quality in the United States: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 17, no. 1, p. 17-22.

Chapelle, F.H., Bradley, P.M., and McMahon, P.B., 1993,
Subsurface microbiology, in Alley, W.M., ed., Regional ground-water quality: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 181-198.

Cohen, Philip, Alley, W.M., and Wilber, W.G., 1988,
National water-quality assessment--Future directions of the U.S. Geological Survey: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, no. 6, p. 1147-1151.

Crawford, J.K., and Luoma, S.N., 1993,
Guidelines for studies of contaminants in biological tissues for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-494, 69 p.

Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M.R., 1993a,
Guidelines for processing and quality assurance of benthic invertebrate samples collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-407, 80 p.

_____1993b,
Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-406, 66 p.

Gurtz, M.E., 1994,
Design of biological components of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, chap. 15 of Loeb, S.L., and Spacie, A., eds., Biological monitoring of aquatic systems: Boca Raton, Florida, Lewis Publishers, p. 323-354.

Hines, W.G., Rickert, D.A., and McKenzie, S.W., 1976,
Hydrologic analysis and river-quality data programs: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 715-D, 20 p.

Hirsch, R.M., Alley, W.M., and Wilber, W.G., 1988,
Concepts for a national water-quality assessment program: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1021, 42 p.

James, L.D., Larson, D.T., and Hoggan, D.H., 1983,
National water assessment--Needed or not?: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 19, no. 4, p. 595-603.

Leahy, P.P., Rosenshein, J.S., and Knopman, D.S., 1990,
Implementation plan for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-174, 10 p.

Lee, D.R., and Cherry, J.A., 1978,
A field exercise on groundwater flow using seepage meters and mini-piezometers: Journal of Geological Education, v. 27, p. 6-10.

Meador, M.R., Cuffney, T.F., and Gurtz, M.E., 1993,
Methods for sampling fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-104, 40 p.

Meador, M.R., Hupp, C.R., Cuffney, T.F., and Gurtz, M.E., 1993,
Methods for characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-408, 48 p.

National Research Council, 1990,
A review of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Pilot Program: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, 153 p.

Porter, S.D., Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M.R., 1993,
Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-409, 39 p.

Scott, J.C., 1990,
Computerized stratified random site-selection approaches for design of ground-water-quality sampling network: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4101, 109 p.

Shelton, L.R., 1994,
Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-455, 44 p.

Shelton, L.R., and Capel, P.D., 1994,
Guidelines for collecting and processing samples of streambed sediment for analysis of trace elements and organic contaminants for the National Water-Quality Assessment program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-458, 20 p.

U.S. General Accounting Office, 1981,
Better monitoring techniques are needed to assess the quality of rivers and streams, v. 1 of Report to the Congress of the United States: U.S. General Accounting Office, CED-81-30, April 30, 1981, 121 p.

Van Belle, Gerald, and Hughes, J.P., 1983,
Monitoring for water quality--Fixed stations versus intensive surveys: Water Pollution Control Federation Journal, v. 55, no. 4, p. 400-404.

Ward, J.R., and Harr, C.A., 1990,
Methods for collection and processing of surface-water and bed-material samples for physical and chemical analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-140, 71 p.

Wolman, M.G., 1971,
The Nation's rivers: Science, v. 147, no. 4112, p. 905-918.

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