USGS CIRC 1157 subpage: Summary of compound detections and concentrations

Water Quality in the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1992-95

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Summary of compound detections and concentrations

The following tables summarize data dollected for NAWQA studies from 1992 to 1995 by showing results for the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit compared to the NAWQA national range for each compound detected. The data were collected at a wide variety of places and times. In order to represent the wide concentration ranges observed among Study Units, logarithmic scales are used to emphasize the general magnitude of concentrations (such as 10, 100, or 1,000), rather than the precise number. The complete dataset used to construct these tables is available upon request. The rate of detection for ground water in this table may differ from the rate reported in text because all wells sampled are included here and only 49 wells throughout the Coastal Plain are referred to in text discussion.

Water samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected

Fish tissue and bed sediment samples: Compounds detected || Compounds not detected

Concentrations of herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients detected in ground and surface waters of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit.

[mg/L, milligrams per liter; µg/L, micrograms per liter; pCi/L, picocuries per liter; %, percent; <, less than; - -, not measured; trade names may vary]

EXPLANATION

Colors and symbols representing water-quality criteria and NAWQA data

Herbicide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Acifluorfen (Blazer, Tackle 2S)	1% 0%
Alachlor (Lasso)	63% <1%
2,6-Diethylaniline (Alachlor metabolite)	1% 4%
Atrazine (AAtrex, Gesaprim	70% 6%
Deethylatrazine^c (Atrazine metabolite)	9% 4%
Benfluralin (Balin, Benefin, Bonalan)	<1% 0%
Butylate (Sutan, Genate Plus, butilate)	1% 0%
Cyanazine (Bladex, Fortrol)	10% 0%
2,4-D (2,4-PA)	0% 1%
DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl)	1% 0%
EPTC (Eptam)	1% 0%
Ethalfluralin (Sonalan, Sonalen)	<1% 0%
Fluometuron (FloMet, Cotoran)	8% 3%
Linuron (Lorox, Linex)	4% 0%
Metolachlor (Dual, Pennant)	80% 7%

Herbicide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Metribuzin (Lexone, Sencor)	20% 1%
Molinate (Ordram)	<1% 0%
Napropamide (Devrinol)	16% 0%
Pebulate (Tillam)	<1% 0%
Pendimethalin (Prowl, Stomp)	5% 0%
Prometon (Gesagram, prometone)	59% 4%
Pronamide (Kerb, propyzamid)	<1% 0%
Propachlor (Ramrod, propachlore)	<1% 0%
Propanil (Stampede, Surcopur)	<1% 0%
Simazine (Aquazine, Princep, GEsatop)	32% <1%
Tebuthiuron (Spike, Perflan)	22% 1%
Terbacil^c(Sinbar)	<1% <1%
Thiobencarb (Bolero,Saturn, benthiocarb)	<1% 0%
Triallate (Far-Go)	<1% 0%
Trifluralin (Treflan, Trinin, Elancolan	4% 0%

Insecticide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Aldicarb^c(Temik)	1% 0%
Aldicarb sulfone^c Standak)	0% 2%
Aldicarb sulfoxide^c (Aldicarb metabolite)	0% 3%
Azinphos-methyl^c (Guthion, Gusathion)	<1% 0%
Carbaryl^cc (Sevin, Savit)	19% <1%
Carbofuran^c (Furadan, Curaterr)	7% 2%
Chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban)	5% <1%
p,p'-DDE (p,p'-DDT metabolite)	<1% <1%
Diazinon	8% 7%

Insecticide (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)	1% 1%
Ethoprop (Mocap, Prophos)	2% 0%
Fonofos (Dyfonate)	2% 0%
gamma-HCH	2% 0%
Malathion (maldison, malathon, Cythion)	2% 0%
cis-Permethrin^c (Ambush, Pounce)	<1% 0%
Phorate (Thimet, Rampart)	2% 0%
Propargite (Comite, Omite, BPPS)	1% 0%
Terbufos (Counter)	<1% 0%

Volatile organic compound (Trade or common name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/L
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (Pseudocumene)	-- 1%
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (Mesitylene)	-- 1%
Chlorobenzene (Monochlorobenzene)	-- 2%
Chloroethene (Vinyl Chloride)	-- 1%
Dimethylbenzenes Xylenes (total))	-- 1%
Ethylbenzene (Phenylethane)	-- 1%

Volatile organic compound (Trade or common name)	Rate of detection^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)	-- 1%
Methylbenzene (Toluene)	-- 1%
Naphthalene	-- 1%
total Trihalomethanes	-- 1%
Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC 11)	-- 1%
n-Propylbenzene (Isocumene)	-- 1%

Nutrient (Trade or common name)	Rate of detection^b	Concentration, in mg/L
Dissolved Ammonia	95% 96%
Dissolved ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen	96% 67%
Dissolved phosphorus as phosphorus	81% 53%
Dissolved nitrite plus nitrate	83% 52%

Other	Rate of detection^b	Concentration, in pCi/L
Radon 222	-- 80%

Volatile organic compound (Trade or common name)	Rate of detection^b	Concentration, in µg/L
Methyl tert-butyl^d ether (MTBE)	0% 1%

Herbicides, insecticides, volatile organic compounds, and nutrients not detected in ground and surface waters of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit.

Herbicides

2,4,5-T
2,4,5-TP (Silvex, Fenoprop)
2,4-DB (Butyrac, Butoxone, Embutox Plus, Embutone)
Acetochlor (Harness Plus, Surpass)
Bentazon (Basagran, Bentazone, Bendioxide)
Bromacil (Hyvar X, Urox B, Bromax)
Bromoxynil (Buctril, Brominal)
Chloramben (Amiben, Amilon-WP, Vegiben)
Clopyralid (Stinger, Lontrel, Reclaim, Transline)
Dacthal mono-acid (Dacthal metabolite)
Dicamba (Banvel, Dianat, Scotts Proturf)
Dichlorprop (2,4-DP, Seritox 50, Kildip, Lentemul)
Dinoseb (Dinosebe)
Diuron (Crisuron, Karmex, Direx, Diurex)
Fenuron (Fenulon, Fenidim)
MCPA (Rhomene, Rhonox, Chiptox)
MCPB (Thistrol)
Neburon (Neburea, Neburyl, Noruben)
Norflurazon (Evital, Predict, Solicam, Zorial)
Oryzalin (Surflan, Dirimal)
Picloram (Grazon, Tordon)
Propham (Tuberite)
Triclopyr (Garlon, Grandstand, Redeem, Remedy)

Insecticides

3-Hydroxycarbofuran (Carbofuran metabolite)
Disulfoton (Disyston, Di-Syston, Frumin AL, Solvirex, Ethylthiodemeton)
Methiocarb (Slug-Geta, Grandslam, Mesurol)
Methomyl (Lanox, Lannate, Acinate)
Methyl parathion (Penncap-M, Folidol-M, Metacide, Bladan M)
Oxamyl (Vydate L, Pratt)
Parathion (Roethyl-P, Alkron, Panthion, Phoskil)
Propoxur (Baygon, Blattanex, Unden, Proprotox)
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC, alpha-lindane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)

Volatile organic compounds

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (Methylchloroform)
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113, CFC 113)
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (Vinyl trichloride)
1,1-Dichloroethane (Ethylidene dichloride)
1,1-Dichloroethene (Vinylidene chloride)
1,1-Dichloropropene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB)
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (Allyl trichloride)
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP, Nemagon)
1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB, Ethylene dibromide)
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-DCB)
1,2-Dichloroethane (Ethylene dichloride)
1,2-Dichloropropane (Propylene dichloride)
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (m-Dichlorobenzene)
1,3-Dichloropropane (Trimethylene dichloride)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-DCB)
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene (o-Chlorotoluene)
1-Chloro-4-methylbenzene (p-Chlorotoluene)
2,2-Dichloropropane
Benzene
Bromobenzene (Phenyl bromide)
Bromochloromethane (Methylene chlorobromide)
Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
Dibromomethane (Methylene dibromide)
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC 12, Freon 12)
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)
Ethenylbenzene (Styrene)
Hexachlorobutadiene
Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethene)
Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride)
Trichloroethene (TCE)
cis-1,2-Dichloroethene ((Z)-1,2-Dichloroethene)
cis-1,3-Dichloropropene ((Z)-1,3-Dichloropropene)
n-Butylbenzene (1-Phenylbutane)
p-Isopropyltoluene (p-Cymene)
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-Butylbenzene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene ((E)-1,2-Dichlorothene)
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene ((E)-1,3-Dichloropropene)

Nutrients

No non-detections

Concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements detected in fish and clam tissue and bed sediment of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit.

[µg/g, micrograms per gram; µg/kg, micrograms per kilogram; %, percent; <, less than; - -, not measured; trade names may vary]

EXPLANATION

Colors and symbols representing water-quality criteria and NAWQA data

Semivolatile organic compound	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene	-- 5%
1-Methyl-9H-fluorene	-- 5%
1-Methylphenanthrene	-- 9%
1-Methylpyrene	-- 14%
2,2-Biquinoline	-- 9%
2,3,6-Trimethylnaphthalene	-- 5%
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene	-- 27%
2-Ethylnaphthalene	-- 5%
2-Methylanthracene	-- 9%
4,5-Methylene- phenanthrene	-- 14%
9H-Carbazole	-- 18%
9H-Fluorene	-- 5%
Acenaphthylene	-- 18%
Acridine	-- 23%
Anthracene	-- 18%
Anthraquinone	-- 32%
Benz[a]anthracene	-- 27%

Semivolatile organic compound	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
Benzo[a]pyrene	-- 32%
Benzo[b]fluoranthene	-- 36%
Benzo[c]cinnoline	-- 5%
Benzo[ghi]perylene	-- 23%
Benzo[k]fluoranthene	-- 36%
Butylbenzylphthalate	-- 55%
Chrysene	-- 36%
Di-n-butylphthalate	-- 100%
Di-n-octylphthalate	-- 5%
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene	-- 14%
Dibenzothiophene	-- 5%
Diethylphthalate	-- 50%
Dimethylphthalate	-- 18%
Fluoranthene	-- 45%
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene	-- 27%
Isoquinoline	-- 9%
Naphthalene	-- 7%

Semivolatile organic compound	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
Phenanthrene	-- 32%
Phenol	-- 68%
Pyrene	-- 36%
bis(2-Ethyl-hexyl)phthalate	-- 100%
p-Cresol	-- 9%

Organochlorine compound (Trade name)	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/kg
total-Chlordane	20% 9%
p,p'DDE	52% 50%
total-DDT	52% 50%
Dieldrin (Panoram D-31, Octalox)	12% 14%
Endosulfan I (alpha- endosulfan, Thiodan)	-- 5%
PCB, total	8% 0%
Toxaphene (camphechlor Hercules)	4% 0%

Trace element	Rate of detec- tion^b	Concentration, in µg/g
Arsenic	70% 100%
Cadmium	93% 100%
Chromium	100% 100%
Copper	100% 100%
Lead	13% 100%
Mercury	97% 100%
Nickel	90% 100%
Selenium	90% 100%
Zinc	100% 100%

Semivolatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and trace elements not detected in fish and clam tissue and bed sediment of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit.

Semivolatile organic compounds

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene (o-Dichlorobenzene, 1,2-DCB)
1,2-Dimethylnaphthalene
1,3-Dichlorobenzene (m-Dichlorobenzene)
1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-DCB)
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
2-Chloronaphthalene
2-Chlorophenol
3,5-Dimethylphenol
4-Bromophenyl-phenylether
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
4-Chlorophenyl-phenylether
Acenaphthene
Azobenzene
C8-Alkylphenol
Isophorone
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Nitrobenzene
Pentachloronitrobenzene
Phenanthridine
Quinoline
bis (2-Chloroethoxy)methane

Organochlorine compounds

Aldrin (HHDN, Octalene)
Chloroneb (chloronebe, Demosan, Soil Fungicide 1823)
DCPA (Dacthal, chlorthal-dimethyl)
Endrin (Endrine)
Heptachlor epoxide (Heptachlor metabolite)
Heptachlor (Heptachlore, Velsicol 104)
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Isodrin (Isodrine, Compound 711)
Mirex (Dechlorane)
Pentachloroanisole (PCA, pentachlorophenol metabolite)
alpha-HCH (alpha-BHC, alpha-lindane, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
beta-HCH (beta-BHC, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-benzene hexachloride)
cis-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)
delta-HCH (delta-BHC, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, delta-benzene hexachloride)
gamma-HCH (Lindane, gamma-BHC, Gammexane, Gexane, Soprocide, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-benzene hexachloride)
o,p'-Methoxychlor
p,p'-Methoxychlor (Marlate, methoxychlore)
trans-Permethrin (Ambush, Astro, Pounce, Pramex, Pertox, Ambushfog, Kafil, Perthrine, Picket, Picket G, Dragnet, Talcord, Outflank, Stockade, Eksmin, Coopex, Peregin, Stomoxin, Stomoxin P, Qamlin, Corsair, Tornade)

Trace elements

No non-detections

^a Selected water-quality standards and guidelines (Gilliom, Mueller, and Nowell, in press).

^b Rates of detection are based on the number of analyses and detections in the Study Unit, not on national data. Rates of detection for herbicides and insecticides were computed by only counting detections equal to or greater than 0.01 µg/L in order to facilitate equal comparisons among compounds, which had widely varying detection limits. For herbicides and inseticides, a detection rate of "<1%" means that all detections are less than 0.01 µg/L, or the detection rate rounds to less than one percent. For other compound groups, all detections were counted and minimum detection limits for most compounds were similar to the lower end of the national ranges shown. Method detection limits for all compounds in these tables are summarized in Gilliom, Mueller, and Nowell (in press).

^c Detections of these compounds are reliable, but concentrations are determined with greater uncertainty than for the other compounds and are reported as estimated values (Zaugg and others, 1995).

^d The guideline for methyl tert-butyl ether is between 20 and 40 µg/L; if the tentative cancer classification C is accepted, the lifetime health advisory will be 20 µg/L (Gilliom, Mueller, and Nowell, in press).

^e Selected sediment-quality guidelines (Gilliom, Mueller, and Nowell, in press).

U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1157

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Suggested citation:
Spruill, T.B., Harned, D.A., Ruhl, P.M., Eimers, J.L., McMahon, G., Smith, K.E., Galeone, D.R., and Woodside, M.D., 1998, Water Quality in the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1157, on line at <URL: https://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ1157>, updated May 11, 1998 .

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Last modified: Wed Sep 30 11:58:05 PDT 1998