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Land-Use Changes and the Physical Habitat of Streams—A Review with Emphasis on Studies within the U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative ProgramCircular 1175By Robert B. Jacobson, Suzanne R. Femmer, and Rose A. McKenney |
The full report is available in pdf. Links to the pdf.
Abstract
Introduction
The Federal-State Cooperative Program and Physical Stream Habitat Investigations
Factors Affecting Physical Stream Habitat
Definition and Classification of Physical Stream Habitat
Abiotic and Biotic Factors Affecting Habitat Use
Formation and Stability of Physical Stream Habitat
Channel Morphology and Stream Habitat
Channel Equilibrium and Stream Habitat
Channel Disturbance and Adjustment
Habitat Disturbance
Land-Use Induced Disturbance of Physical Stream Habitat
Upland Land-Use Changes
Riparian Land-Use Changes
Investigating the Links Between Land Use and Physical Stream-Habitat Changes
Historical Approaches
Associative Approaches to Land Use—Habitat Links
Associations for Assessing Habitat Availability
Associations for Water-Quality and Environmental Assessments
Process Studies of Land Use—Habitat Links
Modeling Links between Land Use and Physical Stream Habitat
Basin-Scale Models
Channel-Scale Models
Land-Use Changes and the Physical Habitat of Streams
Selected References
Hydrologic Disturbance in an Agricultural-Urban Basin—Big Darby Creek, Ohio
Geomorphic Instability and Sediment Loads—Wisconsin
Water Withdrawals and Maintenance of Floodplain Ecosystems—Florida
Habitat in Channelized Streams—Tennessee
Riparian Vegetation and Maintenance of Physical Habitats—Missouri
Establishing Land-Use History and Habitat Links—Missouri
Land-Use Characteristics and Aquatic Community Structure—Ozark Plateaus NAWQA Study Unit
Mill Creek Cattle Exclosure Study—Pennsylvania
Measuring the Effect of Boat Wakes on Bank Erosion and Salmon Habitat—Alaska
Climate Change Effects on Sediment and Streamflow—Colorado
Minimum Instream Flow Modeling—Virginia and Washington
Understanding the links between land-use changes and physical stream habitat responses is of increasing importance to guide resource management and stream restoration strategies. Transmission of runoff and sediment to streams can involve complex responses of drainage basins, including time lags, thresholds, and cumulative effects. Land-use induced runoff and sediment yield often combine with channel-scale disturbances that decrease flow resistance and erosion resistance, or increase stream energy. The net effects of these interactions on physical stream habitat—depth, velocity, substrate, cover, and temperature—are a challenge to predict. Improved diagnosis and predictive understanding of future change usually require multifaceted, multi-scale, and multidisciplinary studies based on a firm understanding of the history and processes operating in a drainage basin. The U.S. Geological Survey Federal-State Cooperative Program has been instrumental in fostering studies of the links between land use and stream habitat nationwide.
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