captions.txt

These images are at http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-24/photographs/

map0004.jpg Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LOCATION MAP ID. Map 0004 Map listing names and locations used in the following capton list.

fig0001.jpg 83/01/03 Griggs, J.D. JG000029 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) FISSURE ERUPTION ID. Figure 0001 Aerial view of first day of fissure eruption, pre-dawn, Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ), 1/3/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 000715

fig0003.jpg 83/01/03 Banks, N.G. NGB15 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) CURTAIN OF FIRE ID. Figure 0003 Aerial view of curtain of fire from vents of eruptive fissure, Kilauea ERZ, 1/3/83 (Photo by N.G. Banks, NGB15). 001008

fig0004.jpg 83/01/03 Griggs, J.D. JG000132 Episode 01 Puu Kamoamoa LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0004 Aerial view, from the southwest, of fountains from eruptive vents at Puu Kamoamoa, Kilauea ERZ, 1/3/83 (Photo 001285

fig0005.jpg 83/01/03 Griggs, J.D. JG000132A Episode 01 Puu Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0005 Aerial view from the southwest of flow near Puu Kamoamoa, Kilauea ERZ, 1/3/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 001570

fig0007.jpg 83/01/05 Griggs, J.D. JG000349 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) CURTAIN OF FIRE ID. Figure 0007 Aerial view of curtain of fire from eruptive fissures, Kilauea ERZ, 1/5/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG349). 001828

fig0009.jpg 83/01/06 Banks, N.G. NB106 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) CURTAIN OF FIRE ID. Figure 0009 Curtain of fire from fissure eruption at dusk, Kilauea ERZ, 1/6/83 (Photo by N.G. Banks, NB106). 002101

fig0010.jpg 83/01/06 Griggs, J.D. JG000594 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) CURTAIN OF FIRE ID. Figure 0010 Curtain of fire from fissure eruption at night, Kilauea ERZ, 1/6/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG594). 002362

fig0011.jpg 83/01/07 Banks, N.G. NB178 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) CURTAIN OF FIRE ID. Figure 0011 Curtain of fire from fissure eruption, Kilauea ERZ, 1/7/83 (Photo by N.G. Banks, NB178). 002629

fig0012.jpg 83/01/07 Griggs, J.D. JG000653 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA TREE ID. Figure 0012 Forest of lava trees, with spattering from fissure in foreground (note spatter adhering to the stripped ohia 002882

fig0013.jpg 83/01/07 Griggs, J.D. JG000672 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) SPATTER ID. Figure 0013 Spattering from fissure, Kilauea ERZ, 1/7/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG672). 003214

fig0014.jpg 83/01/07 Griggs, J.D. JG000673 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) SPATTER ID. Figure 0014 Geologist shields himself from spatter, Kilauea ERZ, 1/7/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG673). 003449

fig0015.jpg 83/01/14 Wolfe, E.W. EW174A Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) VENT ID. Figure 0015 Burning gas from eruptive vents (far left, 740 vent, middle, 1123 vents, cone at far right, 1708 vent), Kilauea 003699

fig0016.jpg 83/01/14 Wolfe, E.W. EW178 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) VENT ID. Figure 0016 Burning gas from eruptive vents, Kilauea ERZ, 1/14/83 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW178). 004010

fig0017.jpg 83/01/14 Wolfe, E.W. EW12083 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0017 Fountaining and fuming from 0740 vent at night, Kilauea ERZ, 1/20/83 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW12083). 004246

fig0019.jpg 83/02/18 Decker, R.W. RD21883 Episode 01 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA TREE ID. Figure 0019 Aerial view of lava tree forest, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/18/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD21883). 004510

fig0020.jpg 83/02/25 Griggs, J.D. JG000928 Episode 02 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0020 Arching fountain at west end of 0740 vents, Kilauea ERZ, 2/25/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG928). 004766

fig0021.jpg 83/02/25 Griggs, J.D. JG001097 Episode 02 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0021 Fountaining and fuming from 0740 vents, Kilauea ERZ, 2/25/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG1097). 005027

fig0024.jpg 83/03/01 Decker, R.W. RD38318A Episode 02 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) ERUPTION PLUME ID. Figure 0024 Eruption plume, Kilauea ERZ, 3/1/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD38318A). 005285

fig0025.jpg 83/03/02 Decker, R.W. RD38318A Episode 02 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0025 Aerial view of fountain from 1123 vent (pond diameter is ~6 m), 3/2/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD38335). 005521

fig0026.jpg 83/03/28 Griggs, J.D. JG001441 Episode 03 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0026 Fountaining from 0 vent (right) and from spatter rings (subsequent site of Puu O), Kilauea ERZ, 3/28/83 (Photo by 005790

fig0028.jpg 83/03/28 Decker, R.W. RD38327 Episode 03 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0028 Aerial view of fountaining from 0 vent and from spatter rings, Kilauea ERZ, 3/28/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD38327). 006094

fig0032.jpg 83/04/04 Griggs, J.D. JG001790 Episode 03 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0032 High (~350 m) fountains of 1123 vent, Kilauea ERZ, 4/4/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG1790). 006375

fig0033.jpg 83/04/04 Griggs, J.D. JG001805 Episode 03 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0033 High (~350 m) fountains of 1123 vent, Kilauea ERZ, 4/4/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG1805). 006630

fig0034.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG001968 Episode 03 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0034 Aerial view of pahoehoe flow from Puu Oo and from fissure vents, Kilauea ERZ, 6/13/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 006885

fig0035.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG001976 Episode 03 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0035 Aerial view of pahoehoe flow from Puu Oo and from fissure vents, Kilauea ERZ, 6/13/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 007155

s000001.jpg 83/05/06 Griggs, J.D. JG001893 Pause SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. S000001 Scientist samples gas from solfatara, 5/6/83 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG1893). 007423

fig0036.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG001992 Episode 04 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0036 Aerial view of fountains from Puu Oo and from fissure vents, Kilauea ERZ, 6/13/83, JG1992). 007647

fig0037.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG002118 Episode 04 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) SPATTER ID. Figure 0037 Closeup of spatter, Kilauea ERZ, 6/13/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2118). 007888

fig0038.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG002147 Episode 04 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) SPATTER ID. Figure 0038 Spattering from fissure vents, Kilauea ERZ, 6/13/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2147). 008121

fig0039.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG002159 Episode 04 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0039 Aerial view of fountaining from fissure vents, Kilauea ERZ, 6/13/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2159). 008365

fig0041.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG002236 Episode 04 Royal Gardens LAVA BALL ID. Figure 0041 Accretionary lava ball rolling off the top of aa flow in Royal Gardens, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/13/83 008631

fig0042.jpg 83/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG002268 Episode 04 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0042 Glowing piece of lava from aa flow, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/13/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2268). 008924

fig0043.jpg 83/06/25 Neal, C.A. CN62583 Pause Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA TREE ID. Figure 0043 Lava tree forest from January flow, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/25/83 (Photo by C.A. Neal, CN62583). 009188

fig0044.jpg 83/06/29 Ulrich, G.E. GU68329 Episode 05 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0044 Beginning of fountaining in lava pond of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/29/83 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU68329). 009440

s000002.jpg 83/06/16 Decker, R.W. RD68309 Episode 04 Royal Gardens LAVA FLOW: AA ID. S000002 Surging aa flow from Puu Oo, Royal Gardens subdivision, 6/16/83 (photo by R.W. Decker, RD68309). 009683

fig0046.jpg 83/06/29 Ulrich, G.E. GU68330 Episode 05 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0046 Low-level fountaining in lava pond of Puu Oo (beginning of episode 5), Kilauea ERZ, 6/29/83 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, 009925

fig0047.jpg 83/06/29 Ulrich, G.E. GU6830A Episode 05 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0047 Aerial view of Puu Oo at dusk, Kilauea ERZ, 6/29/83 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU6830A). 010194

fig0049.jpg 83/07/01 Decker, R.W. RD78333 Episode 05 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0049 Puu Oo at dusk, Kilauea ERZ, 7/1/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD78333). 010413

fig0050.jpg 83/07/01 Griggs, J.D. JG002438 Episode 05 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0050 Aerial view of Puu Oo at dusk, Kilauea ERZ, 7/1/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2438). 010616

fig0051.jpg 83/07/01 Griggs, J.D. JG002451 Episode 05 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0051 Aerial view of flow from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/1/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2451). 010834

fig0052.jpg 83/07/01 Griggs, J.D. JG002460 Episode 05 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0052 Aerial view of flow from Puu Oo through ohia forest, Kilauea ERZ, 7/1/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2460). 011059

fig0054.jpg 83/07/01 Griggs, J.D. JG002489 Episode 05 Puu Oo Vent LAVA CHANNEL ID. Figure 0054 Aerial view of lava stream from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/1/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2489). 011304

fig0055.jpg 83/07/02 Griggs, J.D. JG002511 Episode 05 Chain of Craters Road Vent SCIENTIST AT WORK ID. Figure 0055 Scientists observe movement of aa flow on Chain of Craters Road, Kilauea ERZ, 7/2/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 011543

fig0056.jpg 83/07/02 Griggs, J.D. JG002514 Episode 05 Chain of Craters Road SCIENTIST AT WORK ID. Figure 0056 Scientists run from surging aa flow on Chain of Craters Road, Kilauea ERZ, 7/2/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2514). 011828

fig0058.jpg 83/07/02 Griggs, J.D. JG002638 Episode 05 Chain of Craters Road LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0058 Aa flow on Chain of Craters Road, Kilauea ERZ, 7/2/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG 2638). 012105

s000003.jpg 83/07/02 Griggs, J.D. JG002562 Episode 05 Royal Gardens LAVA BALL ID. S000003 Accretionary lava ball, Royal Gardens subdivision, 7/2/83 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2562). 012349

s000004.jpg 83/07/02 Griggs, J.D. JG002551 Episode 05 Royal Gardens LAVA FLOW: AA ID. S000004 Aa aa lava flow moves past stop sign in Royal Gardens subdivision, 7/2/83 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2551). 012579

fig0059.jpg 83/07/14 Neal, C.A. CN78330 Episode 05 Puu Oo BREACHED CONE ID. Figure 0059 Breached cone of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/14/83 (Photo by C.A. Neal, CN78330). 012831

fig0060.jpg 83/07/22 Wolfe, E.W. EW78310 Episode 06 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0060 Draining of Puu Oo pond (1059 H.s.t.; conduit is ~2 m wide at the mouth), Kilauea ERZ, 7/22/83 (Photo by E.W. 013049

fig0061.jpg 83/07/22 Wolfe, E.W. EW78310 Episode 06 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK ID. Figure 0061 Geologist observes filling of Puu Oo pond (1108 H.s.t.; pond is ~30 m in diameter and 10 m deep), Kilauea ERZ, 013317

fig0063.jpg 83/09/06 Griggs, J.D. JG002853 Episode 08 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0063 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountain from the north, Kilauea ERZ, 9/6/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2853). 013616

fig0064.jpg 83/09/06 Griggs, J.D. JG002879 Episode 08 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0064 Puu Oo fountain from the north, Kilauea ERZ, 9/6/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2879). 013881

fig0065.jpg 83/09/06 Griggs, J.D. JG002895 Episode 08 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0065 Close-up of Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 9/6/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2895). 014108

fig0066.jpg 83/09/06 Griggs, J.D. JG002918 Episode 08 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0066 Pahoehoe flow, Kilauea ERZ, 9/6/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2918). 014332

fig0067.jpg 83/09/06 Griggs, J.D. JG002939 Episode 08 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0067 Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 9/6/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG2939). 014570

fig0068.jpg 83/10/04 Neal, C.A. CN108336 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0068 Low-level activity in Puu Oo vent, Kilauea ERZ, 10/4/83 (Photo by C.A. Neal, CN108336). 014782

fig0069.jpg 83/10/04 Wolfe, E.W. EW108331 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0069 Lava in conduit of Puu Oo vent, Kilauea ERZ, 10/4/83 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW108331) 014999

fig0070.jpg 83/10/05 Griggs, J.D. JG003144 Episode 10 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0070 Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 10/5/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG3144). 015214

fig0071.jpg 83/10/05 Decker, R.W. RD108333 Episode 10 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0071 Puu Oo fountain (~22 m high), Kilauea ERZ, 10/5/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD108333). 015427

fig0072.jpg 83/10/05 Griggs, J.D. JG003206 Episode 10 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0072 Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 10/5/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG3206). 015656

fig0073.jpg 83/11/06 Decker, R.W. RD118319 Episode 11 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0073 Flow through ohia forest, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/6/83 (Photo by R.W. Decker, RD118319). 015869

fig0074.jpg 83/11/07 Griggs, J.D. JG003391 Episode 11 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0074 Inflated pahoehoe flow, Kilauea ERZ, 11/7/83 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG3391). 016099

fig0075.jpg 84/01/20 Wolfe, E.W. EW18438 Episode 11 Puu Oo DOME FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0075 Dome fountain in Puu Oo pond, viewed from N rim, Kilauea ERZ, 1/20/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW18438). 016347

fig0076.jpg 84/01/20 Wolfe, E.W. EW18402 Episode 13 Puu Oo DOME FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0076 Dome fountain in Puu Oo pond, viewed from N rim, Kilauea ERZ, 1/20/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW18402). 016590

fig0077.jpg 84/01/20 Wolfe, E.W. EW18409 Episode 13 Puu Oo DOME FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0077 Dome fountain in Puu Oo pond, with lava flowing over spillway (viewed from N rim), Kilauea ERZ, 1/20/84 (Photo by 016834

fig0078.jpg 84/01/21 Griggs, J.D. JG003877 Episode 13 Puu Oo STANDING WAVE ID. Figure 0078 Standing wave in channel, Kilauea ERZ, 1/21/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG3877). 017113

fig0079.jpg 84/01/21 Griggs, J.D. JG003819 Episode 13 Puu Oo SPILLWAY ID. Figure 0079 Lava flowing from spillway of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 1/21/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG3819). 017335

fig0080.jpg 84/01/21 Decker, R.W. RD18430 Episode 13 Puu Oo FUME ID. Figure 0080 Sunset through fume from Puu Oo, viewed from Pauahi Crater, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 1/21/84 (Photo by R.W. Decker, 017564

fig0081.jpg 84/01/24 Wolfe, E.W. EW18422 Pause Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0081 Drained pond of Puu Oo (conduit 20 m wide at the top; lava visible 25 m below), Kilauea ERZ, 1/24/84 (Photo by 017822

fig0082.jpg 84/01/25 Neal, C.A. CN18403 Pause Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK ID. Figure 0082 Scientist examines drained pond of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 1/25/84 (Photo by C.A. Neal, CN18403). 018090

fig0087.jpg 84/01/31 Griggs, J.D. JG004071 Episode 14 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0087 Puu Oo fountain, viewed from the south, Kilauea ERZ, 1/31/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4071). 018325

fig0088.jpg 84/01/31 Griggs, J.D. JG004091 Episode 14 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0088 Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 1/31/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4091). 018561

s000015.jpg 84/01/31 Griggs, J.D. JG004036 Episode 14 LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. S000015 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountianand lava channels, 1/31/84 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4036). 018772

fig0093.jpg 84/03/01 Wolfe, E.W. EW38432 Pause Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0093 Refilling of Puu Oo pond, Kilauea ERZ, 3/1/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW38432). 018994

fig0094.jpg 84/03/01 Wolfe, E.W. EW38434 Pause Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0094 Refilling of Puu Oo pond, Kilauea ERZ, 3/1/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW38434). 019205

fig0095.jpg 84/03/03 Wolfe, E.W. EW38415 Episode 16 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0095 Puu Oo fountaining at dusk, Kilauea ERZ, 3/3/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW38415). 019416

fig0101.jpg 84/04/19 Wolfe, E.W. EW48421 Episode 18 Kilauea East Rift Zone (ERZ) STANDING WAVE ID. Figure 0101 Standing wave (~2 m high) in lava stream, Kilauea ERZ, 4/19/84 (Photo by J. Buchanan-Banks, JB48424). 019635

fig0102.jpg 84/04/20 Griggs, J.D. JG004285 Episode 18 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0102 Aerial view of aa flow from Puu Oo burning forest east of Royal Gardens subdivision above Kapaahu (note Puu Oo fuming 019898

fig0103.jpg 84/04/27 Wolfe, E.W. EW48421 Pause Puu Oo SPILLWAY ID. Figure 0103 Spillway of Puu Oo (geologist in center of frame for scale), Kilauea ERZ, 4/27/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW48421). 020240

fig0104.jpg 84/05/16 Wolfe, E.W. EW58409 Episode 19 Puu Oo DOME FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0104 Lava dome fountain in Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 5/16/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW58409). 020484

fig0105.jpg 84/05/16 Wolfe, E.W. EW58427 Episode 19 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0105 Lava fountaining and flowing through spillway of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 5/16/84 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW58427). 020706

fig0106.jpg 84/06/30 Ulrich, G.E. GU68432 Episode 21 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0106 Puu Oo fountain and plume from Puu Halulu, Kilauea ERZ, 6/30/84 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU68432). 020955

fig0107.jpg 84/06/30 Griggs, J.D. JG004472 Episode 21 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0107 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountain and aa flow, Kilauea ERZ, 6/30/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4472). 021192

fig0108.jpg 84/06/30 Griggs, J.D. JG004482 Episode 21 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0108 Puu Oo fountain and channeled aa flow, Kilauea ERZ, 6/30/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4482). 021430

fig0109.jpg 84/07/01 Ulrich, G.E. GU78409 Episode 21 Puu Oo FUME ID. Figure 0109 Puu Oo fuming during repose period, Kilauea ERZ, 7/1/84 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU78409). 021663

fig0110.jpg 84/07/28 Griggs, J.D. JG004605 Episode 23 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0110 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 7/28/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4605). 021883

fig0111.jpg 84/08/20 Griggs, J.D. JG004715 Episode 24 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0111 Puu Oo fountain from west, with charred ohia forest of Puu Kamoamoa in foreground, Kilauea ERZ, 8/20/84 022109

fig0112.jpg 84/09/19 Heliker, C.C. CH98435 Episode 24 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0112 Puu Oo fountain, with tephra fallout and low fountains from fissure at base of cone, viewed from Puu Halulu, 022388

fig0114.jpg 84/10/26 Ulrich, G.E. GU108426 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0114 Lava rising in conduit of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 10/26/84 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU108426). 022695

fig0115.jpg 84/11/01 Ulrich, G.E. GU108412 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0115 Spattering and recent pahoehoe overflows, Puu Oo conduit, Kilauea ERZ, 11/1/84 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU118412). 022913

fig0116.jpg 84/11/01 Ulrich, G.E. GU108420 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0116 Drainback of lava in Puu Oo conduit, Kilauea ERZ, 11/1/84 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU118420). 023154

fig0117.jpg 84/11/02 Ulrich, G.E. GU108430 Episode 26 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0117 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountain, Kilauea ERZ, 11/2/84 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU118430). 023374

fig0118.jpg 84/12/04 Griggs, J.D. JG004894 Episode 28 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0118 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountain and tephra fall, Kilauea ERZ, 12/4/84 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4894). 023602

hvo0001.jpg 85/01/10 Griggs, J.D. JG018537 Pause Kilauea CALDERA ID. HVO0001 Kilauea caldera, with Halemaumau Crater in the lower left, with HVO on the caldera's rim to the left of Halemaumau; 023844

fig0119.jpg 85/01/17 Ulrich, G.E. GU18514 Episode 28 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0119 Puu Oo during repose, with tephra field in foreground, Kilauea ERZ, 1/17/85 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU18514). 024191

fig0120.jpg 85/01/24 Griggs, J.D. JG004914 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0120 Aerial view of conduit in Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 1/24/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4914). 024431

fig0122.jpg 85/02/04 Griggs, J.D. JG004995 Episode 30 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0122 Aerial view of Puu Oo fountain from south, 2/4/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4995). 024646

fig0123.jpg 85/03/04 Griggs, J.D. JG005104 Pause Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0123 Puu Oo during repose, with tephra field and Puu Kamoamoa in foreground, 3/4/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5104). 024869

fig0125.jpg 85/03/04 Griggs, J.D. JG005268 Pause Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0125 Puu Oo fountain and tephra fallout from Puu Halulu, Kilauea ERZ, 3/13/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5268). 025108

fig0126.jpg 85/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG005351 Episode 32 Puu Oo ERUPTION PLUME ID. Figure 0126 Puu Oo plume cloud, viewed from Kilauea's summit, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5351). 025350

fig0127.jpg 85/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG005363 Episode 32 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0127 Aerial view of waning fountain from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 4/22/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5363). 025605

fig0128.jpg 85/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG005366 Episode 32 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0128 Aerial view of waning fountain and flow from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 4/22/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5366). 025843

fig0132.jpg 85/06/12 Griggs, J.D. JG005452 Episode 32 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0132 Low fountain and flow from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/12/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5452). 026090

fig0133.jpg 85/06/12 Griggs, J.D. JG005457 Episode 32 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0133 Low fountain from vent of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/12/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5457). 026319

fig0134.jpg 85/07/27 Griggs, J.D. JG005508 Episode 35A Puu Oo FISSURE ERUPTION ID. Figure 0134 A fissure erupting on uprift side of Puu Oo, with Puu Kamoamoa at right center, Kilauea ERZ, 7/27/85 (Photo by J.D. 026547

fig0138.jpg 85/07/27 Griggs, J.D. JG005600 Episode 35A Puu Oo FISSURE ERUPTION ID. Figure 0138 Spattering from fissure uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/27/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5600). 026827

fig0139.jpg 85/07/27 Griggs, J.D. JG005602 Episode 35A Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0139 Spatter cone over fissure uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/27/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5602). 027067

fig0140.jpg 85/07/27 Griggs, J.D. JG005621 Episode 35A Puu Oo FISSURE ERUPTION ID. Figure 0140 Eruptive fissure in dead ohia forest uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/27/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5621). 027297

fig0141.jpg 85/07/27 Griggs, J.D. JG005626 Episode 35A Puu Oo FISSURE ERUPTION ID. Figure 0141 Fissure and flow on uprift flank of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/27/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5626). 027550

fig0143.jpg 85/07/27 Griggs, J.D. JG005690 Episode 53 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0143 Aerial view of glowing vents and spatter cones uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/27/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5690). 027792

fig0144.jpg 85/08/05 Griggs, J.D. JG005778 Episode 35A Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0144 Aerial view of pahoehoe flow from eruptive fissure uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 8/5/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5778). 028042

fig0145.jpg 85/08/05 Griggs, J.D. JG005805 Episode 35A Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0145 Spatter cone uprift of Puu Oo, viewed from flank of Puu Oo cone, Kilauea ERZ, 8/5/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5805). 028311

hvo0002.jpg 85/08/22 Griggs, J.D. JG088519 Pause Uwekahuna STEP FAULT ID. HVO0002 HVO situated on Uwekahuna bluff atop a series of step faults on the northeast rim of Kilauea caldera; Mauna Loa is in the background, 028561

fig0147.jpg 85/10/21 Griggs, J.D. JG005935 Episode 35A Puu Oo ERUPTION PLUME ID. Figure 0147 Fume cloud from Puu Oo, viewed from summit of Kilauea, 10/21/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5935). 028873

hvo0003.jpg 85/10/23 Griggs, J.D. JG108623 Pause Hawaiian Volcano Observatory HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY ID. HVO0003 View of HVO, looking southwest, with Halemaumau Crater in the background, 10/23/86 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG108623). 029112

fig0148.jpg 85/10/21 Heliker, C.C. CH118518 Episode 38 Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0148 Solidified lava conduits in fissure that cut through tephra, uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 11/6/85 (Photo by C.C. Heliker, 029399

fig0149.jpg 85/11/12 Griggs, J.D. JG005976 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0149 Aerial view of Puu Oo vent, Kilauea ERZ, 11/12/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG5976). 029672

fig0151.jpg 85/11/12 Griggs, J.D. JG006001 Pause Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0151 Puu Oo profile, viewed from the west (uprift), Kilauea ERZ, 11/12/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG6001). 029882

fig0152.jpg 85/11/12 Ulrich, G.E. GU118533 Pause Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0152 Puu Oo fountain and flow at sunset, Kilauea ERZ, 11/13/85 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU118533). 030111

fig0153.jpg 85/11/12 Griggs, J.D. JG006023 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0153 Aerial view of Puu Oo vent, Kilauea ERZ, 11/13/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG6023). 030340

fig0155.jpg 85/11/13 Griggs, J.D. JG006127 Episode 39 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0155 Fountaining from Puu Oo vent, Kilauea ERZ, 11/13/85 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG6127). 030550

fig0156.jpg 86/01/01 Ulrich, G.E. GU18604 Episode 39 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0156 Fountaining from Puu Oo vent, viewed from Puu Halulu, Kilauea ERZ, 1/1/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU18604). 030766

fig0158.jpg 86/01/27 Ulrich, G.E. GU18619 Episode 41 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0158 Spatter cone on conduit, Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 1/27/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU18619). 031004

fig0165.jpg 86/06/01 Ulrich, G.E. GU68603 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0165 Aerial view of low fountain from Puu Oo conduit, Kilauea ERZ, 6/1/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU68603). 031222

fig0166.jpg 86/06/02 Griggs, J.D. JG007152 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0166 Aerial view of fountain of Puu Oo, viewed from the north, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7152). 031451

fig0167.jpg 86/06/02 Griggs, J.D. JG007170 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0167 Aerial view of fountain and flows from Puu Oo, with Puu Halulu in center of view, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7170). 031702

fig0168.jpg 86/06/02 Griggs, J.D. JG007178 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0168 Aerial view of fountain and flows from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7178). 031977

fig0169.jpg 86/06/02 Griggs, J.D. JG007283 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0169 Aerial view of fountain of Puu Oo, viewed from the north, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7283). 032217

fig0170.jpg 86/06/02 Griggs, J.D. JG007348 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0170 Aerial view of high fountain and euption plume from Puu Oo, viewed from the north, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by J.D. 032468

fig0171.jpg 86/06/02 Griggs, J.D. JG007356 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0171 Aerial view of fountain of Puu Oo, viewed from the north, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7356). 032747

fig0172.jpg 86/06/02 Ulrich, G.E. GU68611 Episode 46 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0172 Fountain and flow from Puu Oo before dawn, viewed from Puu Halulu, Kilauea ERZ, 6/2/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU68611). 032998

fig0173.jpg 86/06/24 Trusdell, F.A. FT68618 Pause Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0173 Spattering from conduit of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/24/86 (Photo by F.A. Trusdell, FT68618). 033258

fig0174.jpg 86/06/24 Trusdell, F.A. FT68636 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0174 Spattering from conduit of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/24/86 (Photo by F.A. Trusdell, FT68636). 033481

fig0175.jpg 86/06/25 Trusdell, F.A. FT68607 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0175 Spattering from conduit of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/25/86 (Photo by F.A. Trusdell, FT68607). 033701

fig0176.jpg 86/06/25 Trusdell, F.A. FT68608 Pause Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0176 Spattering from conduit of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 6/25/86 (Photo by F.A. Trusdell, FT68608). 033921

fig0177.jpg 86/06/25 Trusdell, F.A. FT68610 Pause Puu Oo DOME FORMATION ID. Figure 0177 Dome fountain, Puu Oo conduit, Kilauea ERZ, 6/25/86 (Photo by F.A. Trusdell, FT68610). 034144

fig0178.jpg 86/06/25 Trusdell, F.A. FT68615 Pause Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0178 Spattering from Puu Oo conduit, Kilauea ERZ, 6/25/86 (Photo by F.A. Trusdell, FT68615). 034370

fig0182.jpg 86/07/18 Griggs, J.D. JG007476 Episode 48 Puu Oo CURTAIN OF FIRE ID. Figure 0182 Curtain of fire eruption from fissure uprift of Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 7/18/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU78607). 034587

fig0184.jpg 86/07/19 Griggs, J.D. JG007625 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0184 Aerial view of aa flow from Puu OO (at top of frame), viewed from the southeast, Kilauea ERZ, 7/19/86 034840

fig0185.jpg 86/07/19 Griggs, J.D. JG007628 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0185 Aerial view of aa flow from Puu OO (at top of frame); Kamoamoa picnic area in lower right, Kilauea ERZ, 035117

fig0186.jpg 86/07/21 Griggs, J.D. JG007632 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0186 Aerial view of pahoehoe flow from fissure eruption at the site of the Kupaianaha vent, overriding dark aa flows from 035404

fig0188.jpg 86/09/17 Griggs, J.D. JG007724 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0188 Pahoehoe flows from Kupaianaha lava pond overriding darker aa flows from Puu Oo, with fern forest of Kalalua in foreground, Kilauea ERZ, 035731

fig0189.jpg 86/10/11 Ulrich, G.E. GU108607 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0189 Vertical aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ, 10/11/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU108607). 036061

fig0190.jpg 86/10/23 Griggs, J.D. JG008727 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0190 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, with Puu Oo in background, Kilauea ERZ, 10/23/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7728). 036304

fig0191.jpg 86/10/23 Griggs, J.D. JG008760 Episode 48 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0191 Aerial view of Puu Oo vent, Kilauea ERZ, 10/23/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7760). 036563

fig0192.jpg 86/11/24 Heliker, C.C. CH118610 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0192 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond overflowing, Kilauea ERZ, 11/24/86 (Photo by C.C. Heliker, CH118610). 036777

fig0193.jpg 86/11/18 Griggs, J.D. JG007804 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0193 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond from the northwest, Kilauea ERZ, 11/18/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7804). 037025

fig0195.jpg 86/11/25 Griggs, J.D. JG007877 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0195 Flow from Kupaianaha vent approaching coast at Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/25/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7877). 037272

fig0196.jpg 86/11/26 Griggs, J.D. JG008001 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0196 Flow from Kupaianaha vent enters front yard of house in Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/26/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8001). 037530

s000005.jpg 86/11/26 Griggs, J.D. JG002551 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA HAZARD ID. S000005 Firemen attempt to cool front of flow entering front yard of Kapaahu resident, 11/26/86 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG7984). 037798

fig0197.jpg 86/11/27 Ulrich, G.E. GU118619 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0197 Overturning crust in Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ,11/27/86 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU118619). 038055

fig0198.jpg 86/11/29 Griggs, J.D. JG008100 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0198 Lava flow from Kupaianaha enters ocean at Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/29/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8100). 038294

fig0199.jpg 86/12/09 Griggs, J.D. JG008268 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0199 Aerial view of lava flow at Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/9/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8268). 038546

fig0202.jpg 86/12/09 Griggs, J.D. JG008299 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0202 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond from the southeast, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/9/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8299). 038783

fig0203.jpg 86/12/09 Wolfe, E.W. EW128635 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0203 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond from the north, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/9/86 (Photo by E.W. Wolfe, EW128635). 039042

fig0204.jpg 86/12/16 Griggs, J.D. JG008312 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0204 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond and recent overflows, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/16/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8312). 039297

fig0208.jpg 86/12/16 Griggs, J.D. JG008479 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 208 Aerial view of skylight in lava tube beneath pahoehoe flow and aa flow overriding it from Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ 039559

fig0209.jpg 86/12/16 Griggs, J.D. JG008502 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0209 Aerial view of flow from Kupaianaha that covered orchid farm at Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/16/86 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG850 039876

s000006.jpg 86/12/19 Griggs, J.D. JG008610 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. S000006 Flow crosses intersection at Kalapana, 12/19/86 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8610). 040156

s000007.jpg 86/12/19 Griggs, J.D. JG008632 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. S000007 Flow moves into Kalapana, 12/19/86 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8632). 040373

s000008.jpg 86/12/19 Griggs, J.D. JG008643 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. S000008 Flow surrounds house in Kalapana, 12/19/86 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8643). 040573

fig0213.jpg 87/01/13 Griggs, J.D. JG008728 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0213 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond and Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 1/13/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8728). 040785

fig0215.jpg 87/01/13 Griggs, J.D. JG008842 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0215 Close-up aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond surface, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 1/13/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8842). 041036

fig0216.jpg 87/01/13 Griggs, J.D. JG008893 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0216 Close-up of Kupaianaha, taken from levee at edge of pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 1/13/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8893). 041293

fig0217.jpg 87/01/26 Ulrich, G.E. GU18708 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA TUBE ID. Figure 0217 Glowing tube with pillar on east side of Kupaianaha shield, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 1/26/87 (Photo by G.E. Ulrich, GU18708). 041554

fig0218.jpg 87/02/02 Griggs, J.D. JG008948 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0218 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/2/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8948). 041817

fig0219.jpg 87/02/02 Griggs, J.D. JG008968 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0219 Close-up aerial view of plates of crust on Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/2/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG8968). 042057

fig0220.jpg 87/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG009057 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0220 Aerial view of skylight in lava tube from Kupaianaha lava pond, 2/18/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9057). 042324

fig0221.jpg 87/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG009070 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0221 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/18/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9070). 042569

s000009.jpg 87/02/25 Griggs, J.D. JG028728 Episode 48 AIRFALL DEPOSIT: LIMU O PELE ID. S000009 Limu o Pele ("seaweed of Pele"), thin flakes of spatter carried in the wind from littoral explosions caused by contact of molten 042810

fig0223.jpg 87/03/11 Griggs, J.D. JG009139 Episode 48 Puu Oo FUME ID. Figure 0223 Puu Oo fuming in background, with ohia forest in foreground, 3/11/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9139). 043148

fig0225.jpg 87/03/11 Griggs, J.D. JG009217 Episode 48 Puu Oo FUME ID. Figure 0225 Puu Oo fuming in background, with ohia forest in foreground from Kalalua, 3/11/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9217). 043381

fig0226.jpg 87/03/11 Griggs, J.D. JG009319 Episode 48 Kilauea QUEENS BATH ID. Figure 0226 Queens' Bath, Kalapana, before being filled by lava from Kupaianaha, 3/31/94, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 3/11/87 043627

fig0229.jpg 87/03/31 Griggs, J.D. JG009463 Episode 48 Kalapana QUEENS BATH ID. Figure 0229 Steam from lava rising from Queens Bath, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 3/31/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9463). 043909

fig0230.jpg 87/03/31 Griggs, J.D. JG009470 Episode 48 Kalapana QUEENS BATH ID. Figure 0230 Lava entering Queens' Bath, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 3/31/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9470). 044163

fig0231.jpg 87/04/08 Griggs, J.D. JG009532 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0231 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/8/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9532). 044404

fig0232.jpg 87/04/20 Griggs, J.D. JG009908 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0232 Lava puddle on new black sand beach, Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/20/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9908). 044643

s000010.jpg 87/05/12 Griggs, J.D. JG009973 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA FLOW ID. S000010 Flow reaches the ocean at Kapaahu, 5/12/87 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9973). 044899

fig0234.jpg 87/06/06 Griggs, J.D. JG010228 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0234 Lava entering the sea at Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/6/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG10228). 045108

fig0235.jpg 87/06/06 Takahashi, T.J. TT78738 Episode 48 Kupaianaha OFFERING TO PELE ID. Figure 0235 Offering to Pele, wrapped in ti leaves, at the rim of Kupaianaha lava pond, 7/4/89 (Photo by T.J. Takahashi, TT78738). 045342

fig0236.jpg 87/10/08 Griggs, J.D. JG010621 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0236 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/8/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG10621). 045612

fig0237.jpg 87/10/08 Griggs, J.D. JG010639 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0237 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/8/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG10639). 045855

fig0238.jpg 87/12/02 Heliker, C.C. CH128731 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0238 Damien Church ruins, Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/2/87 (Photo by C.C. Heliker, CH128731). 046097

fig0239.jpg 87/12/22 Heliker, C.C. CH128722 Episode 48 Damien Church LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0239 Damien Church ruins, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/22/87 (Photo by C.C. Heliker, CH128722). 046334

fig0240.jpg 87/12/22 Griggs, J.D. JG010741 Episode 48 Kapaahu LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0240 Aerial view of lava field and ocean entries, Kapaahu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/8/87 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG10741). 046569

fig0241.jpg 88/02/03 Griggs, J.D. JG010760 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0241 Littoral explosions east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/3/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG10760). 046827

fig0242.jpg 88/02/03 Takahashi, T.J. TT028807 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0242 Littoral explosion and littoral cone east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/10/88 (Photo by Takahashi, T.J. TT028807). 047080

fig0243.jpg 88/02/10 Takahashi, T.J. TT028807 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0243 Littoral explosion east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/10/88 (Photo by Takahashi, T.J. TT028807). 047358

fig0245.jpg 88/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG011503 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0245 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/18/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11503). 047618

fig0246.jpg 88/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG011506 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0246 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/18/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11506). 047860

fig0247.jpg 88/03/03 Griggs, J.D. JG011546 Episode 48 Kamoamoa BLACK SAND BEACH ID. Figure 0247 New black sand beach at Kamoamoa, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 3/3/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11546). 048102

fig0248.jpg 88/04/13 Griggs, J.D. JG011595 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0248 Lava bench east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/13/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11595). 048345

fig0249.jpg 88/04/13 Griggs, J.D. JG011606 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0249 Lava bench east of Kupapau, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/13/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11606). 048582

fig0250.jpg 88/04/13 Griggs, J.D. JG011664 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FRAGMENT ID. Figure 0250 Lava fragments formed when lava interacts explosively with sea water, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/13/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11664). 048813

fig0251.jpg 88/04/13 Griggs, J.D. JG011709 Episode 48 Kupapau PLUME ID. Figure 0251 Steam plumes rise where lava enters the sea east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/13/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11709). 049089

fig0253.jpg 88/04/21 Griggs, J.D. JG011741 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0253 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, with collapse pits over lava tube, viewed from southeast, Kilauea ERZ, 4/21/88 049354

fig0254.jpg 88/04/21 Griggs, J.D. JG011744 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0254 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, with Puu Oo in background, Kilauea ERZ, 4/21/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11744). 049647

fig0255.jpg 88/04/21 Griggs, J.D. JG011747 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0255 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond and fume from lava tube system, which extends to the coast, Kilauea ERZ, 4/21/88 049907

fig0257.jpg 88/04/21 Griggs, J.D. JG011777 Episode 48 Kupaianaha CONE ID. Figure 0257 Aerial view of Puu Oo, viewed from southeast, 4/21/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11777). 050201

fig0258.jpg 88/04/25 Griggs, J.D. JG011860 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0258 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, drained during a pause in the eruption, Kilauea ERZ, 4/25/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 050425

fig0262.jpg 88/04/25 Griggs, J.D. JG011915 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0262 Aerial view of Kupaianaha flow field, with Puu Oo on skyline, Kilauea ERZ, 4/25/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG11915). 050700

fig0265.jpg 88/09/12 Griggs, J.D. JG012226 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA TUBE ID. Figure 0265 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, with steam rising from lava tubes from the pond to the coast, Kilauea ERZ, 050958

fig0266.jpg 88/09/12 Griggs, J.D. JG012230 Episode 48 Puu Oo FUME ID. Figure 0266 Aerial view of Puu Oo fuming, Kilauea ERZ, 9/12/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12230). 051252

fig0268.jpg 88/09/12 Griggs, J.D. JG012247 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0268 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ, 9/12/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12247). 051469

fig0269.jpg 88/09/12 Griggs, J.D. JG012319 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0269 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ, 9/12/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12319). 051702

fig0270.jpg 88/09/12 Griggs, J.D. JG012328 Episode 48 Kupaianaha PLUME ID. Figure 0270 Aerial view of steam plume at ocean entry, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 9/12/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12328). 051935

fig0271.jpg 88/09/12 Griggs, J.D. JG012425 Episode 48 Kupapau AIRFALL DEPOSIT: LIMU O PELE ID. Figure 0271 Limu o Pele and sulfur deposits east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/5/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12425). 052179

fig0272.jpg 88/10/05 Griggs, J.D. JG012438 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL CONE ID. Figure 0272 Littoral cone east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/5/88 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12438). 052455

s000016.jpg 88/10/05 Griggs, J.D. JG012364 Episode 48 LAVA BUBBLE ID. S000016 Lava bubble bursting, 10/5/88 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12364). 052699

s000017.jpg 88/10/05 Griggs, J.D. JG012366 Episode 48 LAVA BUBBLE ID. S000017 Lava bubble bursting, 10/5/88 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12366). 052891

s000018.jpg 88/10/05 Griggs, J.D. JG012367 Episode 48 LAVA BUBBLE ID. S000018 Lava bubble bursting, 10/5/88 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12367). 053083

fig0275.jpg 89/02/02 Griggs, J.D. JG012505 Episode 48 Royal Gardens SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0275 Skylight at approximately 100-ft elevation, east of Royal Gardens subdivision, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/2/89 053275

fig0276.jpg 89/02/02 Griggs, J.D. JG012518 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FRAGMENT ID. Figure 0276 Lava fragments floating on the sea east of Kupapau Point, east of Royal Gardens subdivision, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 053563

fig0277.jpg 89/02/08 Heliker, C.C. CH028933 Episode 48 Royal Gardens SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0277 Glowing skylight, east of Royal Gardens subdivision, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/8/89 (Photo by C.C. Heliker, CH028933). 053864

fig0279.jpg 89/04/13 Simmons, L.S. LS48925 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0279 Overturning of the crust of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/13/89 (Photo by L.S. Simmons, LS48925). 054127

fig0280.jpg 89/05/24 Simmons, L.S. LS58913 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0280 Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/24/89 (Photo by L.S. Simmons, LS58913). 054384

fig0281.jpg 89/05/24 Simmons, L.S. LS48932 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0281 Littoral explosion ~30 minutes after bench collapse east of Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/25/89 054613

fig0282.jpg 89/06/15 Griggs, J.D. JG012539 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0282 Pahoehoe ropes across from Wahaula Visitor Center, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/15/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12539). 054904

fig0284.jpg 89/06/15 Griggs, J.D. JG012560 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 284 Blue pahoehoe toes near Wahaula Visitor Center, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/15/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12560). 055168

fig0285.jpg 89/06/15 Heliker, C.C. CH68910 Episode 48 Hawaii SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0285 Skylight, with plume from lava entering the sea in background, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/20/89 (Photo by C.C. Heliker, CH68910). 055428

fig0286.jpg 89/06/22 Heliker, C.C. CH68929 Episode 48 Chain of Craters Road LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0286 Burst bubble on blue pahoehoe toe, near Chain of Craters Road, Wahaula, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/22/89 055693

fig0287.jpg 87/02/10 Takahashi, T.J. TT28711 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA DAMAGE: WAHAULA ID. Figure 0287 Wahaula Visitor Center before being destroyed by lava flow from Kupaianaha, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/10/87 055995

fig0288.jpg 89/06/22 Griggs, J.D. JG012788 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA DAMAGE: WAHAULA ID. Figure 0288 Lava sets fire to Wahaula Visitor Center, 6/22/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12788). 056290

fig0289.jpg 89/06/22 Griggs, J.D. JG012827 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA DAMAGE: WAHAULA ID. Figure 0289 Lava sets fore to Wahaula Visitor Center, 6/22/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG12827). 056522

fig0290.jpg 89/06/27 Moulds, T.M. TM68906 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0290 Subduction of crust, Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/27/89 (Photo by T. Moulds, TM68906). 056754

fig0291.jpg 89/06/27 Moulds, T.M. TM68907 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0291 Subduction of crust, Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/27/89 (Photo by T. Moulds, TM68907). 056999

fig0292.jpg 89/06/27 Moulds, T.M. TM68912 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0292 Subduction of crust, Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/27/89 (Photo by T. Moulds, TM68912). 057244

fig0293.jpg 89/06/28 Griggs, J.D. JG013089 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0293 Aerial view of remains of Wahaula Visitor Center, with heiau (temple site) still intact in foreground, 057489

fig0296.jpg 89/07/03 Heliker, C.C. CH78904 Episode 48 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0296 Visitors to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park observe results of bench collapse that occurred during 6/25/89 earthquake, 057798

fig0298.jpg 89/10/12 Griggs, J.D. JG013328 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA DAMAGE: WAHAULA ID. Figure 0298 Inflated lava flows against wall of Wahaula heiau, with ruins of Wahaula Visitor Center in background, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 058144

fig0299.jpg 89/10/12 Griggs, J.D. JG013336 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA DAMAGE: WAHAULA ID. Figure 0299 Steel remains of Wahaula Visitor Center, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/12/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13336). 058462

fig0300.jpg 89/11/27 Shickman, K.S. KSS000107 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0300 Pahoehoe oozes out from under cooled crust and flows into sea at Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 058716

fig0301.jpg 89/11/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013374 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0301 Lava flows from tube into sea near Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13374). 059019

fig0302.jpg 89/11/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013424 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0302 Lava flows from tube into sea near Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13424). 059273

fig0303.jpg 89/11/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013433 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0303 Lava flows from tube into sea near Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13433). 059527

fig0304.jpg 89/11/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013470 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0304 Lava flows from tube into sea near Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13470). 059781

fig0305.jpg 89/11/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013480 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0305 Lava flows from tube into sea near Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13480). 060035

fig0306.jpg 89/11/27 Dvorak, J.J. JD118920 Episode 48 Kupapau LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0306 Lava flows from tube into sea near Kupapau Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 11/27/89 (Photo by J.J. Dvorak, JD118920). 060289

fig0307.jpg 89/12/04 Hon, K.A. KH48910 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0307 Lava flows into sea and explodes upon contact with seawater, creating thin flakes of volcanic glass called limu o Pele 060544

fig0308.jpg 89/12/04 Hon, K.A. KH48919 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0308 Lava overflows tube mouth at right at the end of littoral explosions which generated limu o Pele, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 060893

fig0309.jpg 89/12/04 Hon, K.A. KH48924 Episode 48 Kupapau LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0309 Aftermath of littoral explosions which generated limu o Pele, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/4/89 (Photo by K.A. Hon, KH48924). 061198

fig0310.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013581 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0310 Aerial view of Puu Oo and the plume from where lava entered the ocean, taken from the eastern coast of Kilauea, Kilauea ERZ 061465

fig0311.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013655 Episode 48 Kupapau PLUME ID. Figure 0311 Aerial view of ocean entry near Kupapau Point and Kupaianaha flow field, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/27/89 (Photo by J.D. 061782

fig0312.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013697 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0312 Aerial view of Wahaula heiau (temple site), 12/27/89, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13697). 062057

fig0313.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013697 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0313 Aerial view of Wahaula heiau and remains of Wahaula Visitor Center (lower left), 12/27/89, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/27/89 062315

fig0314.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013733 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0314 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 12/27/89 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13733). 062622

s000011.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013596 Episode 48 Cape Kumukahi LAVA FLOW ID. S000011 Aerial view showing plumes of Puu Oo (center of photo) and of the ocean entry (beneath the left side of the cloud); the 062867

s000012.jpg 89/12/27 Griggs, J.D. JG013632 Episode 48 Cape Kumukahi LAVA FLOW ID. S 000012 Aerial view of lava flows from Puu Oo and Kupaianaha (eruption plumes visible on the horizon); plume at left 063289

fig0317.jpg 90/02/15 Griggs, J.D. JG013956 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0317 Aerial view of lava flows from Kupaianaha cutting through forest, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/15/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG13956). 063641

fig0318.jpg 90/02/15 Griggs, J.D. JG014031 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0318 Aerial view of lava flows from Kupaianaha overriding older aa flows, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/15/90 (Photo by J.D. 063913

fig0320.jpg 90/02/15 Griggs, J.D. JG014173 Episode 48 Kupaianaha GAS ID. Figure 0320 Burning gas jets flare through molten pahoehoe from log beneath, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/15/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG14173). 064195

fig0321.jpg 90/02/21 Griggs, J.D. JG014213 Episode 48 Royal Gardens LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0321 Aerial view of lava moving down a street in Royal Gardens subdivision after burning forested area, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 064461

fig0322.jpg 90/02/21 Griggs, J.D. JG014246 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0322 Aerial view of the "Quarry" flow that crossed Highway 130 west of Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 2/21/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 064772

fig0323.jpg 90/02/21 Griggs, J.D. JG014271 Episode 48 Hawaii LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0323 Aerial view of the "Quarry" flow entering sea and producing plume of steam, hydrochloric acid, and brine (note onlookers 065073

fig0324.jpg 90/03/23 Mattox, T.N. TM39033 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0324 Aerial view of Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 3/23/94 (Photo by T.N. Mattox, TM39033). 065416

fig0325.jpg 90/04/03 Griggs, J.D. JG014496 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0325 Aerial view of lava encroaching on Kalapana community (Hakuma horst on left), Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/3/90 065659

fig0326.jpg 90/04/03 Griggs, J.D. JG014449 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0326 Aerial view of "Quarry" flow that crossed Highway 130 west of Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/3/90 (Photo by J.D. 066002

fig0327.jpg 90/05/17 Mattox, T.N. TM59009 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0327 Pahoehoe toe, Kupaianaha flow field, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/17/90 (Photo by T.N. Mattox, TM59009). 066280

fig0328.jpg 90/06/11 Mattox, T.N. TM69005 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW: AA ID. Figure 0328 Ancient Hawaiian paved trail across 18th century aa flow inland of Kaimu and Harry K. Brown Park, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ 066531

fig0329.jpg 90/06/11 Mattox, T.N. TM69032 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0329 Glassy blue flow breaking out of lava tube with plume in background, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/11/90 (Photo by T.N. Mattox, 066849

fig0330.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014645 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0330 Thin, tube-fed pahoehoe flow enters yard of Kalapana resident, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG14645). 067124

fig0331.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014665 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0331 House torched by lava flow, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG14665). 067402

fig0332.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014710 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0332 Children watch lava flow moving into their neighborhood, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 067647

fig0333.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014733 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0333 Aerial view of drained Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG14733). 067923

fig0335.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014764 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0335 Aerial view of lava flow reaching Kalapana Avenue in Kalapana Gardens subdivision, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. 068175

fig0337.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014805 Episode 48 OFFERING TO PELE ID. Figure 0337 A lei offering for Pele, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG14805). 068465

fig0338.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014895 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0338 House about to be moved from the path of the lava flow, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 068692

s000013.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG014877 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. S000013 Pahoehoe toes of new lava flowing over old at Kalapana, 4/22/90 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG14877). 068966

fig0339.jpg 90/04/25 Griggs, J.D. JG015146 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0339 Front of pahoehoe flow clears a path through forest in Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/25/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG15146). 069208

fig0340.jpg 90/05/02 Griggs, J.D. JG015478 Episode 48 Kalapana HORST ID. Figure 0340 Hakuma horst (raised land mass in background) before lava reached the ocean, Kalapana, 5/2/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG15478). 069487

fig0341.jpg 90/05/02 Griggs, J.D. JG015634 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0341 Aerial view of lava advancing through Kalapana village. Flow follows the contour of Hakuma horst, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 069751

fig0342.jpg 90/05/02 Weisel, D. DW59017 Episode 48 Harry K. Brown Park LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0342 Lava enters Harry K. Brown Park, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/2/90 (Photo by D. Weisel, 59017). 070057

fig0343.jpg 90/05/02 Griggs, J.D. JG015779 Episode 48 Harry K. Brown Park KRAFFT, MAURICE ID. Figure 0343 Maurice Krafft films flow near Highway 137 and Harry K. Brown Park, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/4/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG15779). 070299

fig0344.jpg 90/05/02 Griggs, J.D. JG015859 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0344 Aerial view of Kalapana inundated by lava, with one blue house (bottom center) holding fast, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/4/90 070588

fig0345.jpg 90/05/04 Griggs, J.D. JG015805 Episode 48 Highway 137 LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0345 Lava crosses Highway 137, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/4/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG15805). 070888

fig0346.jpg 90/04/22 Griggs, J.D. JG015805 Episode 48 Highway 137 BEFORE LAVA FLOW, PAINTED CHURID. Figure 0346 Star of the Sea Painted Church in its original setting in Kalapana Village, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 4/22/90 (Photo by J.D. 071122

fig0350.jpg 90/05/04 Weisel, D. DW59004 Episode 48 Painted Church LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0350 Star of the Sea Painted Church is finally moved to a safe location, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/4/90 (Photo by D. Weisel, 071430

fig0351.jpg 90/05/05 Weisel, D. DW59029 Episode 48 Painted Church LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0351 Star of the Sea Painted Church rests at a safe location on Highway 130, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/5/90 (Photo by D. Weisel, 071706

fig0352.jpg 90/05/06 Griggs, J.D. JG015911 Episode 48 Harry K. Brown Park LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0352 Lava moves into Harry K. Brown Park, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/6/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG15911). 071986

fig0353.jpg 90/05/06 Griggs, J.D. JG015927 Episode 48 LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0353 Fresh pahoehoe oozes out under crusted flow that has inflated, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/6/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG15927). 072248

fig0354.jpg 90/05/06 Griggs, J.D. JG016022 Episode 48 Harry K. Brown Park LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0354 New pahoehoe on old black sand beach at Harry K. Brown Park, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/6/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 072515

fig0355.jpg 90/05/06 Griggs, J.D. JG016066 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0355 Lava fills bucket embedded in the flow, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/6/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16066). 072811

fig0356.jpg 90/05/06 Griggs, J.D. JG016079A Episode 48 Harry K. Brown Park LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0356 Lava moves up to old lava bench and table at Harry K. Brown Park, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/6/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16079A). 073064

fig0357.jpg 90/05/16 Griggs, J.D. JG016102 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0357 Aerial view of lava moving through Kalapana community, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/16/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16102). 073347

fig0359.jpg 90/05/22 Griggs, J.D. JG016242 Episode 48 Puna Canoe Club LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0359 Puna Canoe Club shelter before being destroyed by lava, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/22/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16242). 073607

fig0360.jpg 90/05/31 Griggs, J.D. JG016454 Episode 48 Kilauea LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0360 Aerial view showing progress of lava through Kalapana community; remaining church was later destroyed, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 073876

fig0361.jpg 90/05/31 Griggs, J.D. JG016457 Episode 48 Hakuma HORST ID. Figure 0361 Aerial close-up view of Hakuma horst and adjacent lava flow, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 5/31/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16457). 074186

fig0362.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016666 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0362 Aerial view to the northeast of drained Kupaianaha lava pond, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/3/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16666). 074445

fig0365.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016718 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA POND ID. Figure 0365 Aerial view of Kalapana lava flow entering the ocean, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/3/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16718). 074712

fig0366.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016743 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0366 Aerial view of part of Kalapana community destroyed by lava, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/3/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16743). 074969

fig0367.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016753 Episode 48 LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0367 Road sign tilted by inflation of crusted lava flow inflates from movement of fresh lava beneath (note that lava has flowed 075234

fig0368.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016763 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0368 Lava surrounds sign at Walter's Kalapana Store and Drive Inn (store in background), Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/3/90 (Photo by 075591

fig0369.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016784 Episode 48 Hakuma LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0369 Shallow tidepool steams as lava enters sea near Hakuma Point, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/3/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16784). 075917

fig0370.jpg 90/06/03 Griggs, J.D. JG016805 Episode 48 LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0370 Close-up of pahoehoe toe flowing into the sea, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/3/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16805). 076189

fig0371.jpg 90/06/06 Griggs, J.D. JG016866 Episode 48 Puna Canoe Club LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0371 Lava flows over wall bounding Puna Canoe Club property at Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/6/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 076440

fig0372.jpg 90/06/06 Griggs, J.D. JG016871 Episode 48 Puna Canoe Club LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0372 Lava is temporarily blocked by wall, then flows over it as it the flow beneath it inflates or as new flows override 076721

fig0373.jpg 90/06/06 Griggs, J.D. JG016888 Episode 48 Walter's Drive Inn LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0373 Lava rises around Walter's Drive Inn sign (note concrete remains of the store and roof of post office to the left), 077067

fig0374.jpg 90/06/10 Griggs, J.D. JG016062 Episode 48 Walter's Drive Inn LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0374 Lava inside the concrete remains of Walter's Drive Inn continues to inflate (note height of lava around post of Drive Inn sign), 077399

fig0375.jpg 90/06/10 Griggs, J.D. JG017027 Episode 48 Hawaii PLUME ID. Figure 0375 Marine life washed ashore after being cooked by steaming sea water, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/10/90 (Photo by J.D. 077745

fig0376.jpg 90/06/10 Griggs, J.D. JG017225 Episode 48 Cemetery LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0376 Hawaiian burial sites before being inundated by lava, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/10/90 (Photo by J.D. 078012

fig0377.jpg 90/06/10 Griggs, J.D. JG017046 Episode 48 Cemetery LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0377 Hawaiian burial sites before being inundated by lava, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/10/90 (Photo by J.D. 078301

fig0378.jpg 90/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG017085 Episode 48 Walter's Drive Inn LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0378 Lava, risen to base of sign at Walter's Store and Drive Inn, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/13/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG17085). 078572

fig0380.jpg 90/06/13 Griggs, J.D. JG017225 Episode 48 Cemetery LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0380 Lava surrounds burial sites, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/13/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG17225). 078848

fig0381.jpg 90/07/24 Griggs, J.D. JG017225 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0381 Windshield of abandoned car melts from heat, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 7/24/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG17924). 079092

fig0382.jpg 90/07/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018003 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0382 "No trespassing" sign is not a hedge against lava's passing, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 7/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 079352

fig0383.jpg 90/06/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018003 Episode 48 Harry K. Brown Park LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0383 "Court rules" superseded by lava, Harry K. Brown Park, Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 6/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 079630

fig0384.jpg 90/07/03 Griggs, J.D. JG018005 Episode 48 INFLATION ID. Figure 0384 Lava driblets ooze out after the flow inflates, lifting the solidified crust, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 7/3/90 (Photo by J.D. 079913

fig0385.jpg 90/07/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018007 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0385 Lava begins to enter Kaimu Bay where steam and smoke are visible at left center, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 7/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, 080187

fig0386.jpg 90/07/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018034 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0386 Aerial view of active lava flows in Kalapana, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 7/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18034). 080485

fig0387.jpg 90/07/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018053 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0387 Aerial view of Kaimu Bay as lava flow approaches, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 7/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18053). 080734

fig0388.jpg 90/08/02 Griggs, J.D. JG018053 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0388 Lava enters Kaimu Bay, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 8/2/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18072). 080998

fig0389.jpg 90/08/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018397 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay PLUME ID. Figure 0389 Aerial view of gas plume from Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 8/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18397). 081234

fig0390.jpg 90/08/30 Griggs, J.D. JG018426 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0390 Aerial view of lava pond in Puu Oo, Kilauea ERZ, 8/30/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18426). 081463

fig0391.jpg 90/09/18 Griggs, J.D. JG018502 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay BLACK SAND BEACH ID. Figure 0391 Black sand beach at Kaimu, with new lava in foreground, Kilauea ERZ, 9/18/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18502). 081690

fig0392.jpg 90/09/18 Griggs, J.D. JG018636 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0392 Lava enters Kaimu Bay at Kaimu while onlookers watch from coconut tree-lined beach, Kilauea ERZ, 9/18/90 (Photo by J.D. 081947

fig0393.jpg 90/10/11 Griggs, J.D. JG018926 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0393 Lava oozes through crack in flow covered by new black sand, formed as lava fills in Kaimu Bay, Kilauea ERZ, 10/11/90 (Photo 082229

fig0394.jpg 90/10/11 Griggs, J.D. JG018928 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0394 Close-up of marine life washed ashore after being cooked by steaming sea water, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/11/90 (Photo by J.D. 082521

fig0395.jpg 90/10/11 Griggs, J.D. JG018953 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0395 Red fingers of lava enter the sea at Kaimu, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/11/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG18953). 082809

fig0397.jpg 90/10/31 Griggs, J.D. JG019038 Episode 48 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0397 Aerial view of remains of Wahaula heiau in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/31/90 (Photo by J.D. 083057

fig0398.jpg 90/10/31 Griggs, J.D. JG019087 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0398 Aerial view of new Kalapana coastline, showing Kaimu Bay's shoreline extended by lava, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/31/90 083361

fig0399.jpg 90/10/31 Griggs, J.D. JG019124 Episode 48 Kaimu Bay LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0399 Aerial view of new contour of Kaimu Bay, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/31/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG19124). 083655

fig0400.jpg 90/10/31 Griggs, J.D. JG019164 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0400 Aerial view of Kalapana lava field, Kilauea ERZ eruption, 10/31/90 (Photo by J.D. Griggs, JG9164). 083902

fig0401.jpg 90/10/31 Griggs, J.D. JG019208 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0401 School bus imbedded in lava at Kalapana, 12/4/90 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG19208). 084141

fig0402.jpg 90/12/04 Griggs, J.D. JG019238 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0402 Bus imbedded in lava with remains of a house roof in background, Kalapana, 12/4/90 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG19238). 084364

fig0403.jpg 90/12/05 Griggs, J.D. JG019392 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0403 Aerial view of remains of Wahaula heiau, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (note visitors following the trail to the 084621

fig0404.jpg 90/12/05 Air Survey ASH1185 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0404 Aerial view of Kalapana and of Kaimu Bay before being filled with lava, 5/2/90; Hakuma horst (raised green strip along 084934

fig0405.jpg 90/08/20 Weisel, D. DW120A7 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0405 Aerial view of Kalapana and of Kaimu Bay before being filled with lava, 8/20/90; flow, diverted inland, inundates part of 085323

fig0406.jpg 90/12/07 Weisel, D. DW120I15 Episode 48 Kalapana LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0406 Aerial view of Kaimu Bay filled with lava, 12/7/90 (photo by D. Weisel, DW120I15 and DW120I16). 085679

fig0407.jpg 91/02/11 Griggs, J.D. JG019795 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0407 Lava flowing into sea near Wahaula, 2/11/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG19795). 085914

fig0408.jpg 91/02/11 Griggs, J.D. JG019668 Episode 48 Kilauea Visitor Center VISITORS TO ERUPTION ID. Figure 0408 Mobile National Park Service visitor center, parked at the end of Chain of Craters Road, 2/11/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG19668). 086139

fig0409.jpg 91/02/11 Griggs, J.D. JG019866 Episode 48 Wahaula VISITORS TO ERUPTION ID. Figure 0409 Visitors to new flow field, where lava is entering the ocean near Wahaula, 2/21/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG19866). 086433

fig0410.jpg 91/04/05 Griggs, J.D. JG020049 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0410 Lava flowing into sea near Wahaula, 4/5/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20049). 086698

fig0411.jpg 91/04/23 Griggs, J.D. JG020077 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA POND ID. Figure 0411 Aerial view of drained Kupaianaha lava pond and lava tube system leading from Kupaianaha to the sea, 4/23/91 (photo by 086922

fig0412.jpg 91/04/30 Mattox, T.N. TM49124 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA SHIELD ID. Figure 0412 Kupaianaha shield viewed from southeast (Kalalua on left) (note new plant growth on Kupaianaha flow field), 4/30/91 087207

fig0413.jpg 91/06/06 Mattox, T.N. TM69191 Episode 48 Kupaianaha LAVA SHIELD ID. Figure 0413 Skylight in drained lava tube in Kupaianaha flow field (note precipitates from fumes), 6/6/91 (photo by T.N. 087499

fig0414.jpg 91/06/19 Mattox, T.N. TM69108 Episode 48 Wahaula LAVA TUBE ID. Figure 0414 Axial crack on inflated tube ridge near Wahaula, 6/19/91 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM69108). 087770

fig0415.jpg 91/09/03 Griggs, J.D. JG020275 Episode 48 Wahaula VISITORS TO ERUPTION ID. Figure 0415 Aerial view of visitors to the eruption site near Wahaula, 9/3/91. HVO provides information regarding eruption hazards, 087997

fig0416.jpg 91/10/01 Heliker, C.C. CH109114 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA FRAGMENT ID. Figure 0416 Field of lithic blocks from explosion at Puu Oo Crater on northwest shoulder of cone, 10/1/91 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH109114). 088372

fig0417.jpg 91/10/11 Griggs, J.D. JG020308 Episode 48 Royal Gardens LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0417 Aerial view of flows through Royal Gardens from Kupaianaha (note smoke from active flows, left of center), 10/11/91 088644

fig0418.jpg 91/10/11 Griggs, J.D. JG020374 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0418 Aerial view of Puu Oo lava pond (note high level of pond), 10/11/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20374). 088942

fig0419.jpg 91/10/22 Dvorak, J.J. JD109115 Episode 48 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0419 Aerial view of Puu Oo lava pond, 10/22/91 (photo by J. Dvorak, JD109115). 089181

fig0420.jpg 91/11/13 Griggs, J.D. JG020554 Episode 49 LAVA POND ID. Figure 0420 Overturning of crust in active lava channel from episode 49 vents, 11/13/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20554). 089393

fig0421.jpg 91/11/13 Griggs, J.D. JG020554 Episode 49 LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0421 Rafted pahoehoe in active lava channel, episode 49, 11/13/91 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20557). 089635

fig0422.jpg 91/11/13 Moulds, T.N. TN19202 Episode 49 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0422 Main (northeast) pond in Puu Oo Crater, 1/10/92 (photo by T.N. Moulds, TN19202). 089872

fig0423.jpg 92/01/10 Moulds, T.N. TN19205 Episode 49 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0423 Drainback into right side of southwest pond in Puu Oo Crater, 1/10/92 (photo by T.N. Moulds, TN19205). 090091

fig0424.jpg 92/01/24 Mangan, M.T. MM19205 Episode 49 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0424 Active Puu Oo pond from camera station on north rim, 1/24/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan (MM19205). 090331

fig0425.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020623 Episode 49 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0425 Aerial view of Puu Oo pond (cf. 10/11/91 level), 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20623). 090563

fig0426.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020625 Episode 49 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0426 Aerial view of Puu Oo pond (cf. 10/11/91 level), 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20625). 090791

fig0427.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020577 Episode 50 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0427 Aerial view of Puu Oo, with flows and fissure of episode 50, 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20577). 091020

fig0428.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020644 Episode 50 Puu Oo SPATTER RAMPART ID. Figure 0428 Low fountaining building spatter rampart along episode 50 fissure on west flank of Puu Oo, 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20644). 091260

fig0429.jpg 92/02/18 Heliker, C.C. CH29207 Episode 52 LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0429 Low fountains at episode 52 vents, 2/18/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29207). 091536

fig0430.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020671 Episode 50 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0430 Flows from episode 50, viewed from west side of Puu Oo cone, 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20671). 091749

fig0431.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020874 Episode 50 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0431 Closeup of flows and spattering from episode 50 fissure on west flank of Puu Oo, 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20874). 091989

fig0432.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020705 Episode 50 Puu Oo LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0432 Flows from episode 50, Puu Oo, 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20705). 092249

fig0433.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020899 Episode 50 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0433 Broad view of low-level fountaining along episode 50 fissure, looking north, 2/18/92 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG20899). 092460

fig0434.jpg 92/03/04 Mangan, M.T. MM39231 Episode 50 Puu Oo FISSURE ERUPTION ID. Figure 0434 View from northeast end of inactive episode 50 fissure from slope of Puu Oo, 3/4/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM39231). 092720

fig0435.jpg 92/03/09 Mangan, M.T. MM39234 Episode 51 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0435 Episode 51 spatter cone complex on west flank of Puu Oo, 3/9/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM39234). 092981

fig0436.jpg 92/03/09 Mattox, T.N. TM39209 Episode 51 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0436 Closeup of episode 51 spatter cone on west flank of Puu Oo, 3/9/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM39209). 093210

fig0437.jpg 92/03/27 Heliker, C.C. CH39225 Episode 51 Puu Oo SHIELD VOLCANO ID. Figure 0437 Aerial view of Puu Oo and episode 50-51 shield, looking southeast, 3/27/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH39225). 093442

fig0438.jpg 92/03/27 Mangan, M.T. MM39219 Episode 51 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0438 Pause in activity at episode 51 vent, viewed from northwest flank of Puu Oo, 3/27/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM39219). 093694

fig0439.jpg 92/04/03 Mangan, M.T. MM49206 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0439 Episode 51 vents and pond, viewed from northwest flank of Puu Oo, 4/3/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM49206). 093944

fig0440.jpg 92/04/03 Mangan, M.T. MM49209 Episode 51 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0440 Episode 51 vent, viewed from northwest flank of Puu Oo, 4/3/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM49209). 094187

fig0441.jpg 92/04/16 Mangan, M.T. MM49222 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0441 Puu Oo pond from north rim of crater, 4/16/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM49222). 094415

fig0442.jpg 92/04/24 Mattox, T.N. TM49201 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0442 Puu Oo pond from north rim of crater, 4/24/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM49201). 094631

fig0443.jpg 92/06/10 Mattox, T.N. TM49210 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0443 Drained episode 51 pond (note tube from vent on left), 6/10/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM69210). 094847

fig0444.jpg 92/06/11 Mangan, M.T. MM69230 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0444 Episode 51 active pond and vent complex from northwest side of Puu Oo, 6/11/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM69230). 095080

fig0445.jpg 92/06/11 Mangan, M.T. MM69201 Episode 51 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0445 Episode 51 pond and vent during active period, 6/11/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM69201). 095329

fig0446.jpg 92/06/11 Heliker, C.C. CH69212 Episode 51 Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0446 Spattering in episode 51 pond, 6/11/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH69212). 095549

fig0447.jpg 92/06/18 Mangan, M.T. MM69222 Episode 51 Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0447 Episode 51 vent complex and pond during pause, viewed from northwest, 6/18/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM69222). 095758

fig0448.jpg 92/06/18 Mattox, T.N. TM69218 Episode 51 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0448 Close-up of episode 51 spatter cone, Puu Oo, 6/18/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM69218). 096004

fig0449.jpg 92/08/11 Mattox, T.N. TM69228 Episode 51 Kamoamoa LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0449 Moa heiau (temple site) in Kamoamoa, now covered by lava, 8/11/92 (photo by T.N.Mattox, TM89228). 096222

fig0450.jpg 92/08/11 Mattox, T.N. TM89229 Episode 51 Kamoamoa LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0450 Old stone path from Moa Heiau to the ocean at Kamoamoa, 8/11/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM89229). 096461

fig0451.jpg 92/09/08 Heliker, C.C. CH99203 Episode 51 SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0451 Skylight in episode 51 lava tube near base of episode 51 lava shield, 9/8/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH99203). 096699

fig0452.jpg 92/09/30 Heliker, C.C. CH99227 Episode 51 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0452 Episode 51 vent from west side of Puu Oo, 9/30/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH99227). 096941

fig0453.jpg 92/10/03 Heliker, C.C. CH109215 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0453 Fountaining from episode 52 vents located on southwest flank of Puu Oo, 10/3/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH109215). 097158

fig0454.jpg 92/10/03 Heliker, C.C. CH109212 Episode 52 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0454 Aerial view of fountaining at episode 52 vents from south (note geologists working on flank of Puu Oo), 10/3/92 097416

fig0455.jpg 92/10/03 Heliker, C.C. CH109230 Episode 52 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0455 Close-up of episode 52 vents, viewed from north, Puu Oo, 10/3/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH109230). 097708

fig0456.jpg 92/10/03 Heliker, C.C. CH109231 Episode 52 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0456 Aerial view of fountaining at episode 52 vents, viewed from south (note geologists working on flank of Puu Oo), 10/3/92 097942

fig0457.jpg 92/10/16 Mangan, M.T. MM109213 Episode 52 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0457 Episode 52 vent during eruptive pause on slope of Puu Oo, 10/16/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM109213). 098242

fig0458.jpg 92/10/16 Mangan, M.T. MM109209 Episode 52 Puu Oo AIRFALL DEPOSIT: PELE'S HAIR ID. Figure 0458 Pele's hair from episode 52 activity, 10/16/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM109209). 098476

fig0459.jpg 92/10/21 Heliker, C.C. CH109223 Episode 52 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0459 Aerial view of drained satellitic pond from episode 52, 10/21/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH109223). 098714

fig0460.jpg 92/11/10 Mattox, T.N. TM119207 Episode 52 Kamoamoa BLACK SAND BEACH ID. Figure 0460 Black sand beach at Kamoamoa, now covered by lava, 11/10/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM119207). 098953

fig0461.jpg 92/11/12 Mangan, M.T. MM119224 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LAVA DELTA ID. Figure 0461 Aerial view of Kamoamoa lava delta, 11/12/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM119224). 099194

fig0462.jpg 92/11/15 Heliker, C.C. CH119228 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0462 New pahoehoe flows over black sand beach at Kamoamoa, 11/15/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH119228). 099414

fig0463.jpg 92/11/20 Mangan, M.T. MM119230 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0463 Viewers watch lava entering the sea at Kamoamoa, 11/20/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM119230). 099663

fig0464.jpg 92/11/24 Heliker, C.C. CH119232 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0464 Littoral explosion at Kamoamoa, 11/24/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH119232). 099905

fig0465.jpg 92/11/24 Heliker, C.C. CH119222 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW ID. Figure 0465 Lava cascade over Paliuli, 11/24/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH119222). 100131

fig0466.jpg 92/11/24 Heliker, C.C. CH119206 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0466 Aerial view of Kamoamoa Beach picnic area and facilities inundated by lava, 11/24/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH119206). 100343

fig0467.jpg 92/12/15 Heliker, C.C. CH129236 Episode 51 Puu Oo LAVA HAZARD ID. Figure 0467 Puu Oo cone, viewed from south(note episode 51 spatter cones on left flank of Puu Oo), 12/15/92 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH129236). 100606

fig0468.jpg 92/12/22 Mattox, T.N. TM129218 Episode 51 Kamoamoa LITTORAL CONE ID. Figure 0468 Spatter-covered littoral cone formed on 11/24/92 following a bench collapse on Kamoamoa delta, 12/22/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM129218) 100878

fig0469.jpg 92/12/22 Mattox, T.N. TM129234 Episode 51 Kamoamoa SPATTER ID. Figure 0469 Spatter from 11/24/92 explosive event accompanying bench collapse on Kamoamoa delta, 12/22/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM129234). 101160

fig0470.jpg 92/12/28 Mattox, T.N. TM129234 Episode 51 Kamoamoa SPATTER ID. Figure 0470 Spatter on hornito at Kamoamoa delta, 12/28/92 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM129234). 101426

fig0471.jpg 93/01/19 Mattox, T.N. TM129311 Episode 51 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0471 Pahoehoe flow at Kamoamoa; lighter bands show where fresh pahoehoe has oozed out through fractures in the crust after it had solidified, 101645

fig0472.jpg 93/02/09 Heliker, C.C. CH29305 Episode 51 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0472 Kamoamoa delta showing extension of coastline where lava entered the sea, 2/9/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29305). 101975

fig0473.jpg 93/02/12 Heliker, C.C. CH29335 Episode 52 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0473 Pahoehoe-draped lower episode 52 vent, 2/12/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29335). 102240

fig0474.jpg 93/02/18 Heliker, C.C. CH29325 Episode 51 Kamoamoa SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0474 Skylight in episode 51 tube just below shield, 2/18/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29325). 102472

fig0475.jpg 93/02/21 Heliker, C.C. CH29310 Episode 53 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0475 Aerial view of fountaining at episode 53 vent, southwest flank of Puu Oo, 2/21/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29310). 102701

fig0476.jpg 93/02/21 Mattox, T.N. TM29316 Episode 53 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0476 Close-up of fountaining at episode 53 vent, southwest flank of Puu Oo, 2/21/93 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM29316). 102960

fig0477.jpg 93/02/21 Heliker, C.C. CH29303 Episode 53 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0477 Fountaining at episode 53 vent, 2/21/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29303). 103214

fig0478.jpg 93/02/21 Heliker, C.C. CH29322 Episode 53 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0478 Fountaining at episode 53 vent, with episode 52 collapse pit in center foreground, 2/21/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29322). 103431

fig0479.jpg 93/02/26 Heliker, C.C. CH29321 Episode 53 Puu Oo LAVA FOUNTAIN ID. Figure 0479 Fountaining dies down at episode 53 vent, viewed from south flank of Puu Oo, 2/26/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29321). 103699

fig0480.jpg 93/02/26 Heliker, C.C. CH29310 Episode 53 Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0480 Spattering in Puu Oo pond, 2/26/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH29310). 103962

fig0481.jpg 93/03/12 Heliker, C.C. CH39326 Episode 53 Puu Oo SPATTER ID. Figure 0481 Aerial view of Puu Oo pond, 3/12/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH39326). 104168

fig0482.jpg 93/03/12 Heliker, C.C. CH39304 Episode 53 Puu Oo LAVA POND ID. Figure 0482 Aerial view of collapsed pit at 51 vents (background) and drained 51 pond (foreground), 3/25/93 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH39304). 104373

fig0483.jpg 93/02/26 Mattox, T.N. TM29318 Episode 53 Puu Oo VENT ID. Figure 0483 Lava spills over side of episode 53 cone, 2/26/93 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM29318). 104642

fig0484.jpg 93/03/04 Kauahikaua, J. JK39315 Episode 53 Pulama Pali SCIENTIST AT WORK ID. Figure 0484 Scientists make measurements at the 2,010-ft elevation skylight above Pulama pali, 3/4/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK39315). 104858

fig0485.jpg 93/03/31 Mattox, T.N. TM39309 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0485 Pahoehoe flow from Kamoamoa lava tube, 3/31/93 (photo by T.N. Mattox, TM39309). 105136

fig0486.jpg 93/04/16 Kauahikaua, J. JK49320 Episode 53 Kamoamoa SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0486 Skylight in Kamoamoa lava tube at the 250-ft elevation, 4/16/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK49320). 105365

fig0487.jpg 93/04/23 Mattox, T.N. TM49310 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LAVA ENTERING OCEAN ID. Figure 0487 Lava flows into sea at the Laeapuki and Kamoamoa sites, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (view to the east), 4/23/93 (photo by T.N. 105605

fig0488.jpg 93/05/05 Mangan, M.T. MM59305 Episode 53 Laeapuki LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0488 Laeapuki bench built out again after collapse, 5/5/93 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM59305). 105904

fig0489.jpg 93/05/12 Heliker, C.C. CH59303 Episode 53 Puu Oo CONE ID. Figure 0489 Aerial view of Puu Oo; fuming is from episode 51 and 53 vent, 5/12/93 (photo by C.C.Heliker, CH59303). 106132

fig0490.jpg 93/05/18 Mattox, T.N. TM59328 Episode 53 Laeapuki LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0490 Laeapuki bench, with hazardous areas roped off by National Park Service for the safety of visitors, 5/18/93 106369

fig0491.jpg 93/05/?? Kauahikaua, J. JK59323 Episode 53 Kamoamoa SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0491 Skylight at the 200-ft elevation in the Kamoamoa tube system, 5/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK59323). 106651

fig0492.jpg 93/06/24 Kauahikaua, J. JK59303 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0492 Littoral explosions at Kamoamoa, 6/24/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK69303). 106894

fig0493.jpg 93/06/24 Kauahikaua, J. JK69304 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0493 Thin crust over surface flow on bench at Kamoamoa, 6/24/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK69304). 107121

fig0494.jpg 93/07/26 Mattox, T.N. TM79336 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LAVA FLOW: PAHOEHOE ID. Figure 0494 Raised crust on pahoehoe flow at Kamoamoa reveals molten interior, 7/26/93 (photo by T.N. Mattox, 79336). 107358

fig0495.jpg 93/08/24 Mangan, M.T. MM89313 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0495 Spatter from littoral explosions at Kamoamoa, 8/24/93 (photo by M.T. Mangan, MM89313). 107613

fig0496.jpg 93/08/24 Mattox, T.N. TM89321 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LITTORAL EXPLOSION ID. Figure 0496 Closeup of spatter from littoral explosions after bench collapse at Kamoamoa, 8/24/93 (photo by T.N. Mattox, 89321). 107849

fig0497.jpg 93/09/09 Kauahikaua, J. JK99322 Episode 53 Kamoamoa SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0497 Skylight in Kamoamoa tube at ~1850-ft elevation on Pulama pali, 9/9/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK99322). 108115

fig0498.jpg 93/09/09 Mangan, M.T. MM99302 Episode 53 Kamoamoa SKYLIGHT ID. Figure 0498 Skylight in Kamoamoa tube, 9/23/93, Photo by M.T. Mangan, 99302). 108362

fig0499.jpg 93/11/16 Kauahikaua, J. JK119305 Episode 53 Puu Oo CRATER ID. Figure 0499 Southwest wall of Puu Oo Crater, 11/16/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK119305). 108565

fig0500.jpg 93/12/27 Kauahikaua, J. JK129317 Episode 53 Kamoamoa LAVA BENCH ID. Figure 0500 Lava enters ocean at Kamoamoa bench, 12/27/93 (photo by J. Kauahikaua, JK129317). 108780

geo0001.jpg 90/12/05 Griggs, J.D. JG019497 Episode 48 SCIENTIST AT WORK: LAVA SAMPLIID. GEO0001 Geologists pull molten sample of lava from skylight (opening in lava tube), for analysis later in the lab, 109004

geo0002.jpg 90/12/05 Griggs, J.D. JG020791 Episode 48 SCIENTIST AT WORK: LAVA SAMPLIID. GEO0002 Geologists (with masks to protect them from the heat) quickly move away from edge of channel with sample of 109305

geo0003.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020782 Episode 50 SCIENTIST AT WORK: LAVA SAMPLIID. GEO0003 Geologists quench lava with water to prevent further crystallization of the sample, 2/18/92 109612

geo0004.jpg 92/02/18 Griggs, J.D. JG020782 Episode 50 SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING TID. GEO0004 Geologists measure temperature of lava with thermocouple, 1/31/84 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG4143). 109889

geo0005.jpg 87/09/10 Heliker, C.C. CH98731 Episode 48 SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING TID. GEO0005 Geologist measures temperature of lava with optical pyrometer, 9/10/87 (photo by C.C. Heliker, CH98731). 110145

geo0006.jpg 92/03/27 Mangan, M.T. MM39200 Episode 51 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING TID. GEO0006 Geologists leveling at Puu Oo, 3/27/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, 39200). 110408

geo0007.jpg 90/05/22 Griggs, J.D. JG016169 Episode 48 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: MAPPING LAVID. GEO0007 Geologist maps new flows on aerial photos, 5/22/90 (photo by J.D. Griggs, JG16169). 110641

geo0008.jpg 92/01/10 Mangan, M.T. MM19220 Episode 48 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: MAPPING LAVID. GEO0008 Geologist makes on-site observations of the lava pond at Puu Oo, 1/10/92 (photo by M.T. Mangan, 19220). 110886

geo0009.jpg 84/07/28 Griggs, J.D. JG004586 Episode 23 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: PHOTOGEOLOGID. GEO0009 Time-lapse cameras in weather-proof housings record activity at Puu Oo when scientists are unable to be present, 7/28/84 111150

sei0001.jpg 95/06/05 HVO, HVO69508 Episode 53 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: STATION MAP ID. SEI0001 Map of the island of Hawaii showing the location of seismic stations. The network is most dense in and around the Kilauea 111460

sei0002.jpg 95/09/15 Holcomb, R.T. RH97200 Episode 53 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: SEISMOMETER ID. SEI0002 Seismometer instrument and battery housing at field site (photo by R.T. Holcomb, 9/15/72, RH97200). 111775

sei0003.jpg 81/02/12 HVO, HVO02806 NA Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: SEISOMETER ID. SEI0003 Solar panel and antenna used to power and transmit signals from field seismometers (HVO photo, 2/12/81, HVO2806). 112022

sei0004.jpg 81/02/12 Koyanagi, R.Y. RK64566 NA Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: SEISMOGRAPH ID. SEI0004 Portable seismograph and seismometer used to record earthquakes in the field (photo by R.Y. Koyanagi, 1983, RK64566). 112267

sei0005.jpg 90/03/24 Griggs, J.D. JG039032 Episode 48 Makaopuhi SEISMOLOGY: SEISMOGRAPH ID. SEI0005 Ink drum recorder of Makaopuhi seismic station (photo by J.D. Griggs, 3/24/90, JG39032). 112526

sei0006.jpg 95/06/05 Griggs, J.D. JG069503 Episode 53 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: EARTHQUAKE RECORDSID. SEI0006 Develocorder records analog seismic signals on 16-mm microfilms (photo by J.D. Griggs, 6/5/95, JG69503). 112765

sei0007.jpg 95/06/05 Koyanagi, R.Y. RK37135 Episode 53 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: EARTHQUAKE RECORDSID. SEI0007 Develocorder microfilm (16 mm) magnified 20 times on viewer. Films are scanned daily by seismic technicians for counts of 113024

sei0008.jpg 95/06/05 Griggs, J.D. JG069525 Episode 53 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY, EARTHQUAKE TIMING ID. SEI0008 CUSP (CalTech-USGS Seismic Program) earthquake timing on VAX work stations (photo by J.D. Griggs, 6/5/95, JG69525). 113475

sei0009.jpg 83/08/01 HVO, HVO88311 Pause Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: EARTHQUAKE SWARM ID. SEI0009 Pre-eruption earthquake swarm and onset of volcanic tremor, January 1-2, 1983, that signaled the beginning of the Kilauea East 113744

sei0010.jpg 88/07/01 HVO, HVO78809 Episode 48 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: SEISMICITY MAP ID. SEI0010 Seismicity map of earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 or greater beneath the Hawaiian Island chain from 1962 to 1985 (map compiled by the 114056

sei0011.jpg 89/03/01 HVO, HVO38914 Episode 48 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: EARTHQUAKE ID. SEI0011 Recorded earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or greater beneath the island of Hawaii (HVO photo, 3/89, HVO38914). 114427

sei0012.jpg 83/11/17 Griggs, J.D. JG118335 Pause Crater Rim Drive SEISMOLOGY: EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE ID. SEI0012 More damage to Crater Rim Drive caused by the magnitude-6.7 Kaoiki earthquake on November 16, 1983; the road had previously 114673

sei0013.jpg 95/06/05 HVO, HVO69505 Episode 53 Hawaii SEISMOLOGY: EARTHQUAKE REPORT ID. SEI0013 SEI-13. Earthquake records are compiled in annual summaries of seismic data published as Open-File 115078

def0001.jpg 95/06/05 Griggs, J.D. JG118528 Episode 53 Kilauea SCIENTIST AT WORK: TILT MEASURID. def0001 DEF-1. Measuring changes in the tilt of the ground surface near the summit of Kilauea using spirit-level techniques (photo by 115800

def0002.jpg 86/08/14 Griggs, J.D. JG088610 Episode 48 Puu Oo Vent SCIENTIST AT WORK: LEVELING ID. def0002 Leveling near Puu Oo to monitor changes in elevation (photo by J.D. Griggs, 8/14/86, JG88610). 116121

def0003.jpg 86/08/14 Griggs, J.D. JG088610 Episode 48 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING HID. def0003 Using an electro-optical distance meter (EDM) to measure horizontal changes at the volcanoe's surface. The instrument 116371

def0004.jpg 85/03/25 Griggs, J.D. JG038507 Pause Kilauea SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING HID. def0004 Scientist takes EDM measurements across the summit caldera of Kilauea Volcano (photo by J.D. Griggs, 3/25/85, JG38507). 116774

def0005.jpg 94/08/01 Sako, M.K. MS89404 Episode 53 Kilauea SCIENTIST AT WORK: GLOBAL POSIID. def0005 A Global Positioning System (GPS) setup at the summit of Mauna Kea. GPS uses signals from satellites to precisely 117068

def0006.jpg 89/08/16 Dvorak, J.J. JD088910 Episode 48 Puu Kapukapu SCIENTIST AT WORK: GLOBAL POSIID. def0006 GPS setup at Puu Kapukapu on the south coast of Kilauea Volcano (photo by J. Dvorak, 8/16/89, JD88910). 117501

def0007.jpg 85/08/01 Rowland, S. SR88517 Episode 35A Puu Kapukapu SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING CID. def0007 Measuring the width of cracks that opened during the Puu Oo eruption(photo by S. Rowland, 8/1/85, SR88517). 117785

def0008.jpg 75/05/01 HVO, HVO57536 NA Puu Kapukapu SCIENTIST AT WORK: TIDE GAUGE ID. def0008 Installing a tide gauge on the south coast of Kilauea Volcano to monitor changes in elevation at the installation site 118057

def0009.jpg 91/05/01 HVO, HVO59137 Episode 48 Mauna Loa SCIENTIST AT WORK: TRILATERATIID. def0009 Trilateration network on Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Kilauea used to show horizontal displacement of the volcanoes 118365

def0010.jpg 91/05/01 HVO, HVO59137 Episode 48 Mauna Loa SCIENTIST AT WORK: TRILATERATIID. def0010 DEF-10. Leveling network on Kilauea and Mauna Loa used to monitor vertical changes on the volcanoes (HVO photo, 5/91, HVO59117). 118673

def0011.jpg 91/05/01 HVO, HVO68709 Episode 48 Mauna Loa SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING TID. def0011 DEF-11. Spirit-level tilt network on Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Kilauea used to monitor slope changes of the volcanoes 118968

def0012.jpg 95/06/05 HVO, HVO69510 Episode 53 Mauna Loa SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING TID. def0012 Deformation records are compiled in annual summaries of deformation data published as Open-File Reports by the 119269

nsg0001.jpg 89/11/02 Shickman, K.S. KSS118908 NA Mauna Loa SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING MID. nsg0001 Magnetometers are used to measure variations in the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field, aiding in mapping 119778

nsg0002.jpg 86/12/01 Griggs, J.D. JG128608 NA Mauna Loa SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING RID. nsg0002 Using a worldwide array of transmitters operating at frequencies slightly lower than AM-band radio stations, this Very Low Frequency 120304

nsg0003.jpg 92/09/08 Heliker, C.C. CH9921 Episode 51 Hawaii SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING RID. nsg0003 VLF measurements being made above an active lava tube. The data can reveal the size of the tube and the cross-sectional 120974

nsg0004.jpg 85/11/14 Griggs, J.D. JG118523 Episode 39 Kilauea SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING SID. nsg0004 The self-potential monitor measures the naturally occurring voltages of the Earth. Measuring these voltages at Kilauea 121377

nsg0005.jpg 85/11/01 Takahashi, T.J. TT118528 Pause Hawaii SCIENTIST AT WORK: GRAVITY MEAID. nsg0005 Measurement of the Earth's gravitational attraction is one way of monitoring change related to the movement of magma within 122180

nsg0006.jpg 83/11/07 Griggs, J.D. JG003264 Episode 11 Hawaii SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING RID. nsg0006 Resistivity of the volcano can be measured with various different tools, one of which is pictured here. Probes are 123008

nsg0007.jpg 89/01/01 Sako, M.K. MS18912 NA Mauna Kea Vent SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING TID. nsg0007 Mauna Loa summit tiltmeter station, with Mauna Kea in the background. This station monitors tilt changes caused by 123811

nsg0008.jpg 88/02/07 Heliker, C.C. CH28831 NA Mauna Kea Vent SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING CID. nsg0008 An electromagnetic transceiver (EM-31), used to measure the electrical conductivity of the Earth. As a self-contained 124400

nsg0009.jpg 88/02/07 Griggs, J.D. JG128620 NA Mauna Kea SCIENTIST AT WORK: MEASURING RID. nsg0009 A Controlled-Source Electro-Magnetic (CSEM) detector site. The CSEM is used to monitor the resistivity of deep 124842

gas0001.jpg 91/11/20 Griggs, J.D. JG119120 NA Mauna Kea SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0001 Sampling gases directly from fumaroles helps assess the over-all state of volcanic activity by providing information on long-term 125616

gas0002.jpg 91/07/09 Griggs, J.D. JG079110 Episode 48 Kilauea SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0002 Analyses from gases sampled at the coast provide information that help confirm degassing models of Kilauea. Rift and coastal 126090

gas0003.jpg 95/01/26 Heliker, C.C. CH19507 Episode 53 Halemaumau SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0003 Halemaumau pit crater is an important degassing area at the summit of Kilauea Volcano. Gases have been regularly sampled 126512

gas0004.jpg 91/06/11 Griggs, J.D. JG009116 Episode 48 Halemaumau SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0004 Continuous monitoring studies provide a constant record of changes in gas emission that may occur on a time scale too short to be 126917

gas0005.jpg 85/01/31 Griggs, J.D. JG018500 Pause Halemaumau SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0005 A vehicle-mounted correlation spectrometer (COSPEC) is used to measure sulfur dioxide emission rates at the summit of Kilauea. 127443

gas0006.jpg 87/01/01 HVO, HVO18717 Episode 48 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0006 Sulfur dioxide emission rate measurements were made approximately 1 km uprift of Puu Oo from 1986 through 1991 using a tripod-based 127988

gas0007.jpg 94/11/01 Sutton, A. J. AS119417 Episode 53 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: VOG ID. gas0007 When sulfur dioxide is released, it reacts chemically with sunlight, oxygen, dust particles, and water in the air to 128421

gas0008.jpg 94/02/10 Heliker, C.C. CH29411 Episode 53 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0008 When lava flows reach the ocean, extreme heat from molten lava boils and vaporizes seawater, leading to a series of chemical 129082

gas0009.jpg 94/02/10 Heliker, C.C. CH29411 Episode 53 Puu Oo SCIENTIST AT WORK: GAS SAMPLINID. gas0009 During prevailing tradewinds, a layer of vog is clearly visible, trapped against Mauna Loa. Windspeed and wind 129534