File name = 1_README.TXT Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands --Selected Photographs By Christina Neal, Robert McGimsey, and Michael F. Diggles U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-40 Version 1.1 2002 U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director INTRODUCTION Alaska is home to more than 40 active volcanoes, many of which have erupted violently and repeatedly in the last 200 years. This CD-ROM contains 97 digitized color 35-mm images which represent a small fraction of thousands of photographs taken by Alaska Volcano Observatory scientists, other researchers, and private citizens. The photographs were selected to portray Alaska's volcanoes, to document recent eruptive activity, and to illustrate the range of volcanic phenomena observed in Alaska. The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) was established in 1988 to carry out volcano monitoring, eruption notification, and volcano- hazard assessments in Alaska. The cooperating agencies of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (http://www.avo.alaska.edu/) are the U.S. Geological Survey (http://www.usgs.gov/), the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute (http://www.gi.alaska.edu/), and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys. These images are for use by the interested public, multimedia producers, desktop publishers, and the high-end printing industry. Color scanning was done on a Kodak(1) PIW scanner. The digital images are stored in the "images" folder and can be read across Macintosh(2), Windows(3), DOS, OS/2, SGI, and UNIX platforms with applications that can read JPG (JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group format) or PCD (Kodak's PhotoCD (YCC) format) files. The latest information about PhotoCD is on the World Wide Web at http://www.kodak.com/go/photocd. Throughout this publication, the image numbers match among the file names, figure captions, thumbnail labels, and other references. Also included on this CD-ROM are Windows and Macintosh viewers and engines for keyword searches (Adobe(4) Acrobat(4) Reader with Search). At the time of this publication, Kodak's policy on the distribution of color- management files is still unresolved, and so none is included on this CD. However, using the Universal Ektachrome or Universal Kodachrome transforms found in your software will provide excellent color. In addition to PhotoCD (PCD) files, this CD-ROM contains large (14.2"x19.5") and small (4"x6") screen-resolution (72 dpi) images in JPEG format. These undergo downsizing and compression relative to the PhotoCD images. Each of these resolutions is located in the following folders: PhotoCD format (PCD's): /images/PCD/ 14.2"x19.5": /images/JPG/large_screen/ 4"x6": /images/JPG/small_screen/ The captions for each image, besides being included in the HTML front end and the PDF file, are provided in ASCII format in the captions.txt file. Feel free to use any of these images but please cite the photographer and the U.S. Geological Survey. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS This CD-ROM (DDS_40) was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 Level 2 standard and Apple Computer's(2) hierarchical file system (HFS) standard. The data and text on this CD-ROM require either a UNIX(5) system-based or Linux(6) workstation, Macintosh or compatible computer, or an IBM(7) or compatible personal computer, all equipped with a CD-ROM drive and a color monitor that can display 256 colors (16.7 million recommended). The PC should have: -- Intel(8) Pentium(8) or compatible processor-based personal computer -- Microsoft(3) Windows 95 OSR 2.0, Windows 98 SE, Windows Millennium, Windows NT(3) 4.0 with Service Pack 5, Windows 2000, or Windows XP -- 64 MB of RAM The Macintosh should have: The Macintosh should have: -- PowerPC(2) processor -- Mac OS software version 8.6, 9.0.4, 9.1, 9.2, or OS X; some features of Acrobat 5.0.5 may not be available for OS 8.6 and OS X due to OS limitations. -- 64 MB of RAM UNIX and Linux -- Almost any UNIX system-based or Linux workstation can read these files. All platforms -- Web-browsing software, such as Netscape Navigator(9) or Microsoft Internet Explorer(3) -- Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher (Acrobat Reader 5.0.5 for Windows and Macintosh are provided on this CD-ROM in the "Acrobat" folder). The PDFs can be read with Acrobat 4 but without accessibility or re-wrap features. Optional software -- Software that can read and print PhotoCD (PCD) image-pac files, such as Adobe Photoshop(4), EasyPhoto(10), or Photoworks Darkroom(11) TO GET STARTED: On a Macintosh, double-click on the CD-ROM (DDS_40) icon and double-click on the file index.html to open it with your browser. On a PC system with Windows, the file index.html should open automatically, if not, open My Computer, double-click on the CD-ROM (DDS_40) icon and double-click on the file index.html to open it with your browser. On a UNIX or Linux workstation, mount the CD-ROM. If you are unsure about the process of mounting CD-ROMs on the workstation, see your system administrator for instructions. Once the CD-ROM is mounted, use your preferred web browser to open the file index.html. PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT (PDF) FILES Because there are no freeware applications that will view or print PhotoCD (PCD) files, we have provided an Adobe Acrobat PDF version of this report (DDS-40.pdf). Using Adobe Acrobat Reader, you can print high-resolution copies of each photograph with its caption. This PDF contains "bookmarks" (in the left margin) that allow you to jump to other parts of the document and other documents. A "slideshow" of the photographs is available by viewing either of the two files, slideshow1024.pdf (7.6 MB) or slideshow1920.pdf (14.2 MB). The images in slideshow1024.pdf are 1024 pixels wide or 768 pixels high which is typical of what monitors up to 17" use. The images in slideshow1920.pdf are 1900 pixels wide or 1200 pixels high which is typical of what monitors up to 23" use. If you are using a smaller monitor, select the smaller file because it will load and display faster. To get the slideshow to advance automatically in your copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader, set Edit, Preferences, Full Screen, to Advance Every 3 Seconds. The Acrobat directory contains installers for Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 for Macintosh and Windows) or you can download the latest version free from Adobe Systems at http://www.adobe.com/. This CD-ROM also contains a full-text index (index.pdx and associated files in the index directory) that is for use in searching the PDF files for words or sets of words using the Search tool in Acrobat Reader. Tip: To automate slideshow, open Acrobat Reader, select Edit, Preferences, General, Full Screen... and check Advance Every 3 Seconds. Then open the slideshow. To exit the slideshow at any time, hit the "Esc" button. (Old versions of Acrobat Reader such as 4.0 have the automate choice under File, Preferences, Full Screen). ACCESSIBILITY The content within this publication is presented in several Formats all but one of which are accessible to sight- disabled people. The slideshow PDF files are image-only PDFs and therefore have no tags and are not accessible but these images are the same as those presented in the files album.html and DDS-40.pdf, both of which are fully accessible using assistive technology such as screen readers and comply with the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 508. KODAK PhotoCD (PCD) FILES: HOW TO USE THE FIVE SIZES For users who have commercial software that can read and print PCD files, the photographs are provided on this CD- ROM in that format in the "PCD" folder which is in the "images" folder. Each PCD file has five resolutions of images contained within each file. You can make a choice as to which one you want to use rather than needing to down-sample an image that is larger than you need. For example, when you open a PCD file in Adobe Photoshop, you get a dialog box where you select the resolution of your choice and then that version of the image opens. You can also use the largest of the choices, for instance, to make a poster-sized hard copy on a large plotter. Do this by opening a PCD in high-resolution mode (3072 x 2048 pixels) and setting the image size to 90 dpi and you will get a picture that is nearly two-feet by three-feet. In the hierarchy of file formats, PhotoCD (YCC) resides above BMP, EPS, GIF, JPEG, MOV, PCX, PICT, PSD, TIF, TIFF, etc., enabling end users to go from YCC to other formats, but not in the other direction without losing image quality. Each 24-bit color image is stored as 5 resolutions: 1. Thumbnail [192 x 128 pixels]--Contact-sheet-size images for quick previewing of the entire collection. 2. FPO "For Placement Only" [384 x 256 pixels]--A proxy for high-resolution images to determine placement in page- layout programs. 3. Screen Resolution [786 x 512 pixels]--Ideal for computer viewing and multimedia projects. 4. HDTV High-Definition Television [1536 x 1024 pixels]-- Sufficient resolution for high definition TV, newspapers, and high-quality half-page layouts. 5. High Resolution [3072 x 2048 pixels]--Provides the printing industry with resolution sufficient for high- quality full-page layouts at 300 dpi/150 lpi and 24-bit color. OBTAINING COPIES OF ORIGINAL IMAGES 35-mm slide reproductions of images contained on this CD- ROM may also be obtained by contacting: U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library Box 25046, MS 914, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0046 Telephone: (303) 236-1010 http://gcmd.nasa.gov/records/GCMD_USGS_PHOTO_LIBRARY.html SELECTED REFERENCES For additional information on the volcanoes represented in this collection, users are referred to the following sources: McGimsey, R.G., and Miller, T.P., 1995, Quick reference guide to Alaska's historically active volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-520, 13 p. Simkin, T., and Siebert, L., 1994, Volcanoes of the World: Tucson, Geoscience Press, 349 p. Wood, C.A., and Kienle, J., eds., 1990, Volcanoes of North America: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 354 p. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Compiling a set of images from the AVO collection onto CD-ROM was first proposed by Joe Dorava. The authors have benefited greatly from the technical assistance, tenacity, and enthusiasm of John Nakata and Evelyn Newman. Reviews of caption text by Chris Nye, John Nakata, Jim Smith, and Lee Siebert improved their content. Map figures were generated by Anne Vanderpool and Kathy Lemke. Bernadette Johnson painstakingly labeled several sets of duplicate 35-mm slides. Mark Lohnes ably scanned the images. John Nakata provided the summary on Kodak PCD image-pac format and suggested the thumbnail collection on the inside front cover of the CD-ROM "jewel" case. Mary Jane Coombs suggested the map figure's hyperlink feature. Bobbie Myers designed the volcanoes banner. We thank all the photographers who shared their work with us. WORLD WIDE WEB SITES Alaska Volcano Observatory-- http://www.avo.alaska.edu/ U.S. Geological Survey-- http://www.usgs.gov/ University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute-- http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys-- http://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/ FOR SALE BY: USGS Information Services Box 25286 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Telephone: (888) ASK-USGS The bibliographical reference for this publication is: Neal, Christina, McGimsey, Robert, and Diggles, M.F., 2002, Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands--selected photographs: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-40, version 1.1 (CD- ROM). ISBN 0-607-86086-3 This report and any updates to it are available on line at http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-40/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publications Data for Version 1.0 Neal, Christina, 1959- Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands- Selected Photographs [computer file] / by Christina Neal and Robert McGimsey. 1 computer laser optical disc : col. ; 4 3/4 in. -- (U.S. Geological Survey digital data series : DDS-40) Computer data and program. 1. Volcanoes-Alaska-Alaska Peninsula-Photographs.. 2. Volcanoes-Alaska-Aleutian Islands-Photographs.. I. McGimsey, Robert G. II. Geological Survey (U.S.) III. Alaska Volcano Observatory. IV. Title. V. Title: Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands, Alaska.. VI. Series. QE524 <1996 00564> 551.2--DC12a 96-47212 CIP DISCLAIMERS This Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) publication was prepared by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service, by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and (or) the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. REGISTERED TRADEMARKS (1) Eastman Kodak Co. (2) Apple Computer, Inc. (3) Microsoft Corp. (4) Adobe Systems, Inc. (5) The Open Group (6) Linus Torvalds (7) IBM Corp. (8) Intel Corp. (9) Netscape Communications Corp. (10) Storm Technology, Inc. (11) PhotoWorks Inc.