USGS DDS-40, Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands

Volcanoes of the Alaska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands-Selected Photographs - Album

Click on the images to get a larger version

1-4 Mount Douglas

Photograph of volcano with helicopter in meadow in foreground

1. Mount Douglas, a dissected and largely ice-covered, 2,135-m (7,005 ft)-high stratovolcano at the northeastern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. View is to the south. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1991.

2. At the summit of 2,135-m (7,005 ft)-high Mount Douglas volcano on the northeastern tip of the Alaska Peninsula is a warm and highly acidic crater lake approximately 160 m (525 ft) wide. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990.

3. Steam rises from active fumaroles on the north side of the crater lake (left center) at Mount Douglas volcano on the northeastern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. In 1992, the lake had a pH of 1.1 and a temperature of 21 degrees C (70 degrees F). Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1982.

4. Active fumaroles deposit sulfur near the margin of the crater lake at Mount Douglas volcano on the northeastern tip of the Alaska Peninsula. Area of view is approximately 20 cm (8 in) across. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1982. Back to top

5-7 Kaguyak Volcano

Photograph from air of volcano with lake in crater and green vegetation on flanks

5. The 2.5-km (1.5 mi)-diameter, lake-filled caldera of Kaguyak volcano truncates a former stratovolcano. Postcaldera lava domes form a prominent peninsula (right center) and a small island. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1982.

6. Kaguyak volcano is lake-filled caldera, 2.5-km (1.5 mi) in diameter, that truncates a former stratovolcano. Postcaldera lava domes form a prominent peninsula and a small island. Fourpeaked Mountain, a little-studied volcano, is on the skyline at left. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1982.

7. Kaguyak volcano is lake-filled caldera, 2.5-km (1.5 mi) in diameter, that truncates a former stratovolcano. Postcaldera lava domes form a prominent peninsula (center) and a small island. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990. Back to top

8-12 Katmai Caldera

Photograph from air of caldera with lake, some snow, and low clouds

8. Katmai Caldera, a collapse feature that formed during the catastrophic eruption of nearby Novarupta volcano in June, 1912. Katmai Caldera is a steep-walled, 1.5-km (1 mi)-diameter crater that truncates a formerly 2,290-m (7,513 ft)-high stratovolcano. The caldera is partially filled by a blue-green lake about 250 m (820 ft) deep. The lake level was still rising when last measured in the mid- 1970's. Beyond the caldera are the multiple peaks of Trident Volcano; Mount Mageik volcano is the snow and ice- covered cone on the skyline. View is to the northeast. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1991.

9. Katmai Caldera, a collapse feature that formed during the catastrophic eruption of nearby Novarupta volcano in June, 1912, is a steep-walled, 1.5-km (1 mi)-diameter crater which truncates a formerly 2,290-m (7,513 ft)-high stratovolcano. The caldera is partially filled by a blue- green lake about 250 m (820 ft) deep. The lake level was still rising when last measured in the mid-1970's. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990.

10. Katmai Caldera, a collapse feature that formed during the catastrophic eruption of nearby Novarupta volcano in June, 1912, is a steep-walled, 1.5-km (1 mi)-diameter crater that truncates a formerly 2,290-m (7,513 ft)-high stratovolcano. The caldera is partially filled by a blue- green lake about 250 m (820 ft) deep. The lake level was still rising when last measured in the mid-1970's. The multiple peaks of Trident Volcano are at top left. The lava dome of Novarupta volcano, which marks the site of the 1912 eruption, is visible at top, center. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990.

11. View from the north rim of Katmai Caldera, a collapse feature that formed during the catastrophic eruption of nearby Novarupta volcano in June, 1912. Katmai Caldera is a steepwalled, 1.5-km (1 mi)-diameter crater that truncates a formerly 2,290-m (7,513 ft)-high stratovolcano. The caldera is partially filled by a blue-green lake about 250 m (820 m) deep. The lake level was still rising when last measured in the mid-1970's. The south interior wall of the caldera is visible in this view. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 16, 1990.

12. View from the west rim of Katmai Caldera, a collapse feature that formed during the catastrophic eruption of nearby Novarupta volcano in June, 1912. Katmai Caldera is a steepwalled, 1.5-km (1 mi)-diameter crater that truncates a formerly 2,290-m (7,513 ft)-high stratovolcano. The caldera is partially filled by a blue-green lake about 250 m (820 ft) deep. The lake level was still rising when last measured in the mid-1970's. The east interior wall of the caldera is visible in this view. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 16, 1990. Back to top

13-14 Trident Volcano

Photograph from air of four snow-covered peaks and lava dome

13. The multiple peaks of Trident Volcano as viewed from the top of Baked Mountain in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska. Trident Volcano is composed of a cluster of andesite and dacite cones and is the only Katmai group volcano other than Katmai and Novarupta to have had historical activity. The Novarupta lava dome is visible at bottom, center. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 12, 1990.

14. These blocky andesite lava flows from Trident Volcano were emplaced during an extended eruptive period between 1953 and the mid-1960's. Trident Volcano is composed of a cluster of andesite and dacite cones and is the only Katmai group volcano other than Katmai and Novarupta to have had historical activity. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, July, 1974. Back to top

15-17 Novarupta

Photograph of dark lava dome with snow on one side

15. Aerial view of 80-m (260 ft)-high Novarupta, a blocky rhyolite lava dome that marks the vent for the 1912 eruption that created the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This eruption was the most voluminous on Earth in the 20th century, ejecting nearly 30 cubic kilometers (7 cubic miles) of material in 60 hours. Falling Mountain, a lava dome truncated by the 1912 eruption, is visible behind the Novarupta dome; snow-capped Mount Mageik volcano can be seen at top of the photograph. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, June, 1979.

16. Aerial view of 80-m (260 ft)-high Novarupta, a blocky rhyolite lava dome that marks the vent for the 1912 eruption that created the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This eruption was the most voluminous on Earth in the 20th century, ejecting nearly 30 cubic kilometers (7 cubic miles) of material in 60 hours. Surrounding the dome is an oval- shaped ring of coarse tephra that accumulated during the waning explosive phases of the 1912 eruption. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1991.

17. View from Mount Katmai of Novarupta lava dome (dark, rounded feature in center), which is surrounded by (clockwise from upper left) Falling, Baked, and Broken Mountains. The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (upper right), Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, was created by the 1912 eruption of Novarupta volcano. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1991. Back to top

18-20 The Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes

Photograph of orange and tan ash cut steeply by river

18. A cross section of the 1912 ash flow exposed by the River Lethe in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. In places the ash flow is up to 200 m (660 ft) thick. Photograph by S. McNutt, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, July, 1993.

19. View southeast up the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes from the Overlook Cabin in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. The valley is filled with up to 200 m (660 ft) of ash-flow deposits from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta volcano. The rim of Katmai Caldera is on the skyline at left. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, June 10, 1991.

20. View southeast up the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes from the Overlook Cabin in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. The valley has been filled with up to 200 m (660 ft) of ash-flow deposits from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta volcano. The rim of Katmai Caldera is on the skyline at left. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, June 8, 1991. Back to top

21-23 Mount Griggs

Photograph of snow-capped volcano in background; backpacking tent in foreground

21. Mount Griggs volcano, 2,317-m (7,602 ft)-high, lies 10 km (6 mi) behind the volcanic arc defined by other Katmai group volcanoes. Although no historical eruptions have been reported from Mount Griggs, vigorously active fumaroles persist in a summit crater and along the upper southwest flank. The slopes of Mount Griggs are heavily mantled by fallout from the 1912 Novarupta eruption. View is to the northeast. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 11, 1990.

22. Mount Griggs volcano, 2,317-m (7,602 ft)-high, here seen from the west rim of Katmai caldera, lies 10 km (6 mi) behind the volcanic arc defined by other Katmai group volcanoes. Although no historic eruptions have been reported from Mount Griggs, vigorously active fumaroles persist in a summit crater and along the upper southwest flank. The slopes of Mount Griggs are heavily mantled by fallout from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta volcano. View is to the northwest. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 16, 1990.

23. Geologists walk toward 2,317-m (7,602 ft)-high, Mount Griggs volcano from the base of Knife Creek Glacier at the base of the northwest flank of Mount Katmai. Mount Griggs volcano lies 10 km (6 mi) behind the volcanic arc defined by other Katmai group volcanoes. Although no historical eruptions have been reported from Mount Griggs, vigorously active fumaroles persist in a summit crater and along the upper southwest flank. The slopes of Mount Griggs are heavily mantled by gray fallout from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta volcano. View is to the north. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 16, 1990. Back to top

24-26 Mount Mageik

Photograph from air of snow-covered volcanoes

24. Aerial view of the four-peaked, 2,165-m (7,103 ft)-high Mount Mageik volcano at the head of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes. Lava flows from Trident Volcano are ponded against the base of Mount Mageik at lower right. Martin volcano, with a gaping summit crater, is visible beyond and to the left of Mount Mageik along the topographic crest. View is to the west. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990.

25. Mount Mageik (2,165 m [7,103 ft] high) and Mount Martin (1,863 m [6,112 ft] high; on skyline at right) volcanoes, both emitting steam plumes from their summits, as viewed to the southwest from across the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 15, 1990.

26. Nestled within a summit depression of 2,165-m (7,103 ft)-high Mount Mageik volcano is an acidic, hot (70 ºC [158 ºF]) crater lake. Persistent, vigorous fumaroles are present. No historical eruptions from Mount Mageik have been confirmed. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990. Back to top

27 Mount Martin

Photograph from air of sulfur-stained (yellow), steaming, snow-covered crater

27. View of the summit crater of 1,863-m (6,112 ft)-high Mount Martin volcano, a largely ice-covered stratovolcano at the southern end of the Katmai group. Note the sulfur (yellow) that has been deposited on the snow- and ice- covered crater walls. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990. Back to top

28-32 Ukinrek Maars

Photograph from air of flatland with lake-filled volcanic crater in middleground

28. Aerial view, looking north, over the Ukinrek Maars on the south shore of Becharof Lake on the Alaska Peninsula. The maar craters formed during a 10-day eruption in March and April of 1977. In the distance (center) are the Gas Rocks, an older volcanic center. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 9, 1994.

29. Near-vertical view of the east Ukinrek Maar crater, 300 m (980 ft) across, that formed in 1977 during a 10-day phreatomagmatic eruption. Part of smaller west Ukinrek Maar crater is visible at upper left. Photograph by D. Dewhurst, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, July 8, 1990.

30. Southeast wall of the eastern Ukinrek Maar crater. The rhythmically layered, dark gray material visible in the wall consists of more than 15 m (50 ft) of phreatomagmatic tephra. The 1977 tephra sits on an exposure of glacial till capping ash-flow deposits from Ugashik Caldera. The lake has filled the original crater to a depth of more than 30 m (100 ft). In the distance at very top of photograph are debris-avalanche hummocks from an unknown source near the current site of Peulik volcano. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 4, 1990.

31. Phreatomagmatic eruption column rising from the east Ukinrek Maar crater at about 5:00 PM on April 6, 1977. View is to the southeast. Photograph by R. Russell, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, April 6, 1977. Back to top

33-34 Peulik Volcano

32. Phreatomagmatic eruption column rising from the east Ukinrek Maar crater at about 5:00 PM on April 6, 1977. View is to the east. Photograph by R. Russell, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, April 6, 1977.

33. Peulik volcano, a 1,474-m (4,836 ft)-high stratovolcano, as viewed at sunset from the south shore of Becharof Lake on the Alaska Peninsula. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June, 1993.

34. Peulik volcano, a 1,474-m (4,836 ft)-high stratovolcano, as viewed from the Ukinrek Maars on the south shore of Becharof Lake on the Alaska Peninsula. In the middle distance is hummocky ground that probably represents debris-avalanche deposits from an older Peulik stratovolcano. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 25, 1993. Back to top

35 Ugashik Caldera

Photograph from air of snow-covered caldera with lava domes in center

35. Aerial view, looking southwest, of Ugashik caldera adjacent to Peulik volcano. At least five lava domes (snow- covered in this view) presently occupy the floor of the 5- km (3 mi)- diameter caldera. Photograph by M.E.. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, April 11, 1984. Back to top

36-37 Chiginagak Volcano

Photograph from air of snow-covered volcano with green flatter lands in foreground

36. View, looking southeast, of 2,067-m (6,781 ft)-high Chiginagak volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. U.S. Geological Survey photograph, date unknown.

37. Aerial view of a vigorous fumarole at about 1,600 m (5,249 ft) elevation on the north flank of 2,067-m (6,781 ft)-high Chiginagak volcano. Steam emitted from this fumarole commonly produces a small plume and may be the source of the few questionable reports of historical eruptions from this volcano. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 9, 1994. Back to top

38 Yantarni Volcano

Photograph from the air of partially snow-covered peak with green hills in foreground

38. Yantarni volcano, a 1,336-m-high (4,383 ft) andesite stratovolcano with no known historical activity, is located on the Alaska Peninsula. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, September, 1985. Back to top

39-50 Aniakchak Caldera

Photograph from the air of snow-covered caldera with cones and craters and lake inside

39. Aerial view, looking east, of Aniakchak caldera, one of the most spectacular volcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula. Formed during a catastrophic ash-flow producing eruption about 3,400 years ago, Aniakchak caldera is about 10 km (6 mi) across and averages 500 m (1,640 ft) in depth. Voluminous postcaldera eruptive activity has produced a wide variety of volcanic landforms and deposits within the caldera. The volcano is located in Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, Alaska, which is administered by the National Park Service. Photograph by M. Williams, National Park Service, 1977.

40. View, looking southwest, into Aniakchak caldera from its north rim. Surprise Lake, which drains into the Aniakchak River, is visible on the caldera floor. The prominent steepsided intracaldera stratovolcano in the distance is Vent Mountain. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 29, 1992.

41. Geologists on the rim of Vent Mountain, an intracaldera stratovolcano, look northwest towards Half Cone, a prominent vent on the caldera floor and the source of the most explosive postcaldera eruptions at Aniakchak caldera. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, June 23, 1992.

42. View, looking south, across Aniakchak caldera from its north rim. Surprise Lake and its outlet are visible at upper left. The prominent dark peak on the left skyline is Black Nose, a high standing remnant of precaldera volcaniclastic rocks. Hummocky ground in the distance against the caldera wall is a pumice-covered glacier and associated moraine. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, August, 1985.

43. Geologists walking across the pumice-covered floor of Aniakchak caldera en route to Vent Mountain, a prominent intracaldera stratovolcano. In the middle ground is a breached tuff cone informally known as "Surprise Cone." Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, June 23, 1992.

44. The Gates, a v-shaped notch in the eastern wall of Aniakchak caldera, is the outlet for Surprise Lake, which is visible at left. This view is from within the caldera looking northeast. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, July 19, 1994.

45. Geologist examining pyroclastic deposits (above hand) from a violent eruption of Half Cone less than 500 years ago. The deposits unconformably overlie dark gray phreatomagmatic material (below hand) from Surprise tuff cone in Aniakchak caldera. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 23, 1993.

46. Jet contrails over Aniakchak caldera. The proximity of explosive volcanoes of the Aleutian volcanic arc to North Pacific air routes is one of the principal hazards associated with volcanoes in Alaska. View is to the south. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, July 19, 1994.

47. View onto the floor of the caldera from the southeast rim of Aniakchak caldera. Two explosion craters (maar craters) partially filled with seasonal meltwater are visible. The craters were formed by explosions through older lava flows from Vent Mountain, an intracaldera stratocone. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, June 29, 1992.

48. View, looking northeast, of the primary site of the 1931 eruption. The site is at the base of the northwest caldera wall. This crater, about 600 m (1970 ft) across, was the site of intermittent explosions of pumice-lithic tephra over the course of several weeks in May and June, 1931. During the final phases of the eruption, a small lava flow and spatter field formed in the bottom of the crater. Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, June 30, 1992.

49. Weather clouds cascade over the south wall of Aniakchak caldera, a common occurrence that can portend bad weather. Photograph by C. Neal, U.S. Geological Survey, July 3, 1992.

50. View of the cross section of Half Cone, a postcaldera vent now exposed against the north wall of Aniakchak caldera. Within this cliff face are recorded several episodes of lava flows (dark rock outcrops), plinian eruption (lighter colored deposits at left), and spatterfed- flow accumulation (reddish layers). Photograph by R. McGimsey, U.S. Geological Survey, July 1, 1992. Back to top

51 Black Peak

Photograph of light-colored ash deposit cut by river

51. Ash flows from an eruption that formed a small caldera between 3,600 and 4,700 years ago. The caldera is on the eastern edge of the Black Peak volcanic center on the Alaska Peninsula. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, October, 1985. Back to top

52-61 Veniaminof Volcano

Photograph from air of dark ash coming from cone inside caldera; snow-covered caldera rim in distance

52. Strombolian burst of incandescent lava fragments from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. Veniaminof volcano is a 2,507-m (8,225 ft)- high stratovolcano with a summit caldera that formed about 3,700 years ago. The caldera is now ice-filled. View is to the northwest. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, July 13, 1983.

53. Strombolian burst of incandescent lava fragments from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. Veniaminof volcano is a 2,507-m (8,225 ft)- high stratovolcano with a summit caldera that formed about 3,700 years ago. The caldera is now ice-filled. View is to the northwest. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, July 13, 1983.

54. Eruptive activity from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano melted about 0.15 km3 (0.04 mi3) of the summit ice-cap. View is to the northeast. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, July 26, 1983.

55. Incandescent lava flows down the flank of the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, October 7, 1983.

56. A pulsing, gray ash plume rising from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. View is to the north. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, October 7, 1983.

57. Steam rising from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano in the waning stages of the 1983 to 1984 eruption. Cooling lava flows fill a pit about 2.3x1.0 km (1.4x0.6 mi) that has been melted in the summit ice cap. Aerial view looking northeast. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, January 23, 1984.

58. Steam rising from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano in the waning stages of the 1983 to 1984 eruption. Cooling lava flows fill a pit about 2.3x1.0 km (1.4x0.6 mi) that has been melted in the summit ice cap. View is to the southeast. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, January 23, 1984.

59. A burst of gray ash rising from the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. Photograph by D. Sellers, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, August 3, 1993.

$Photograph from air of dark lava flow at base of snow-covered cone; circular fractures in ice exposed$
60. A new lava flow accumulates at the base of the intracaldera cinder cone (obscured by steam at right) at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. View is to the south. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Department of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 9, 1994.

61. A new lava flow accumulates at the base of the intracaldera cinder cone at Veniaminof volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. View is to the west. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Department of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 9, 1994. Back to top

62-65 Pavlof Sister and Pavlof Volcanoes

Photograph from air of dark, debris-covered, steaming, conical volcanic peak

62. Steam and volcanic gas rising from the summit crater of 2,519-m (8,264 ft)-high Pavlof Volcano on the Alaska Peninsula. Pavlof is one of the most active of Alaska's volcanoes with nearly 40 historical eruptions. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, November, 1973.

63. Pavlof (2,519-m [8,264 ft]-high, right) and Pavlof Sister (2,143-m [7,031 ft]-high, left) are a pair of symmetrical stratovolcanoes on the Alaska Peninsula. Pavlof Volcano is one of the most active of Alaska's volcanoes with nearly 40 historical eruptions. View is to the northwest. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, July, 1975.

64. Pavlof Volcano on the Alaska Peninsula is one of the most active of Alaska's volcanoes with nearly 40 historical eruptions. Photograph by S. McNutt, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, 1979.

65. Pavlof Volcano on the Alaska Peninsula is one of the most active of Alaska's volcanoes with nearly 40 historical eruptions. Photograph by S. McNutt, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, 1979. Back to top

66-67 Emmons Lake Caldera

Photograph of blue, crescent-shaped lake inside snow-covered caldera, volcanic cone at left and caldera rim at right

66. View, looking southeast, of a portion of the Emmons Lake caldera on the Alaska Peninsula. The most recent of several caldera-forming eruptions at Emmons Lake occurred more than 10,000 years ago. No historical eruptions have occurred at Emmons Lake. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, July, 1987.

67. View, looking northeast, of 1,436-m (4,711 ft)-high Mount Emmons, a postcaldera stratovolcano within the Emmons Lake caldera on the Alaska Peninsula. The most recent of several caldera-forming eruptions at Emmons Lake occurred more than 10,000 years ago. No historical eruptions have occurred at Emmons Lake. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, July, 1987. Back to top

68 Mount Dutton Volcano

Photograph from air of snow-covered volcanic peak with steep slopes in foreground

68. Mount Dutton, a 1,506-m (4,941 ft)-high stratovolcano, lies 14 km (9 mi) north of the community of King Cove on the Alaska Peninsula. The summit of Mount Dutton is composed of a cluster of lava domes. Mount Dutton has had no historical eruptions. However, seismic swarms beneath the volcano were recorded in 1984 to 1985 and again in 1989. View is to the southwest. Photograph by M.E. Yount, U.S. Geological Survey, July, 1986. Back to top

69 Cold Bay Volcano

Photograph of snow-covered volcano in distance, green tundra in middle and foreground, purple flowers

69. Cold Bay volcano, a 1,920-m-high (6,299 ft) stratovolcano at the southwest end of the Alaska Peninsula. Photograph by S. McNutt, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, July, 1980. Back to top

70-71 Shishaldin Volcano

Photograph from air of perfectly conical, snow-covered, steaming volcanic peak and clouds

70. Often compared to Mount Fuji, Japan, the symmetrical Shishaldin volcano located on central Unimak Island in the Aleutian Islands rises 2,857 m (9,373 ft) above sea level. The volcano has had several historical eruptions. A summit crater emits a nearly continuous plume of steam. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 10, 1994.

71. Sunset view to the southwest silhouetting Roundtop, Isanotski, and Shishaldin volcanoes on Unimak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by J. Davies, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, August, 1983. Back to top

72 Fisher Caldera

Photograph of tan, ash-covered slopes and lake inside caldera

72. View of part of the interior of Fisher caldera on Unimak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Fisher is an 11x18 km (7x11 mi) caldera that formed about 9,100 years ago producing compositionally zoned ash flows that overtopped topographic barriers more than 500 m (1,640 ft) in elevation. There was one poorly documented historical eruption from Fisher caldera in 1826. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, August, 1974. Back to top

73-74 Westdahl Volcano

Photograph from air of ice and snow-covered volcano, sinuous crack in ice, and young lava flow and cinder cone with areas of snow melt

73. Summit area of Westdahl volcano located on the southwest part of Unimak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. The topographic peaks in the distance are Westdahl Peak (left) and Faris Peak (right). The cinder cone in middle ground marks the principal vent for the 1991 to 1992 eruption. Note the snow-mantled lava flow emanating from cinder cone. The sinuous fissure cutting the ice cap formed in the opening phases of the eruption and was the location of spectacular lava fountaining. Photograph by C. Zeillemaker, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February 2, 1993.

74. View, looking west, of the east flank of Westdahl volcano located on the southwest part of Unimak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands (top to right). Dark, blocky lava flows are from the 1991 to 1992 eruption; note wisps of steam scattered across the lava flow surface. Photograph by C. Dau, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, March 12, 1992. Back to top

75 Mount Gilbert

Photograph from air of snow-covered, steep-sided island volcano with ocean, clouds, and plane wing in foreground

75. Mount Gilbert is a poorly known 818-m-high (2,684 ft) volcano which forms the north part of Akun Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Active fumaroles were documented 1.5 km (1 mi) northeast of the summit in the early 1900's. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 10, 1994. Back to top

76-78 Akutan Volcano

Photograph of ash and snow-covered slopes of volcano, steam cloud from crater

76. Akutan volcano forms the west part of Akutan Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. The volcano's summit is truncated by a 2-km-wide (1.2 mi) caldera that contains a cinder cone visible here through a breach in the caldera rim as a dark, steaming hill. This cinder cone has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. View is to the south. U.S. Geological Survey photograph, date unknown.

77. Aerial view of Akutan volcano that forms the west part of Akutan Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. The volcano's summit is truncated by a 2-km-wide (1.2 mi) caldera that contains a cinder cone that has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. View is to the southeast. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 10, 1994.

78. Aerial view of Akutan volcano that forms the west part of Akutan Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. The volcano's summit is truncated by a 2-km-wide (1.2 mi) caldera that contains a cinder cone that has been the site of frequent historical eruptions. View is to the southwest. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 10, 1994. Back to top

79-80 Makushin Volcano

Photograph from air of snow-and ice-covered volcanic crater, peaks of rock and clouds in distance, steam coming from small crater in ice surrounded by dark ash

79. Aerial view of the summit area of Makushin Volcano, a 2,036-m (6,680 ft) -high stratovolcano in the northern part of Unalaska Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1982.

80. Aerial view of the Point Kadin vents, a series of post- glacial explosion pits and small cinder cones that occur along a fracture zone northwest of the summit of Makushin Volcano, a 2,036-m (6,680 ft)-high stratovolcano in the northern part of Unalaska Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 10, 1994. Back to top

81-83 Bogoslof Island

Photograph from air of black sandy beach and dark lava domes on volcanic island, grass-covered and bare rock in middleground, surrounded by ocean, plane wing in foreground

81. Aerial view, looking northwest, of Bogoslof Island, which is the summit of a largely submarine stratovolcano located in the Bering Sea 50 km (31 mi) behind the main Aleutian Volcanic arc. The island is about 1.5x0.6 km (1x.4 mi) across and, due to energetic wave action and frequent eruptive activity, has changed shape dramatically since first mapped in the late 1700's. Its most recent eruption, in 1992, produced the light-colored conical lava dome (150 m [492 ft] high) that forms the tip of the island at upper right. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, May 10, 1994.

82. Aerial view, looking west, of the new lava dome (150 m [492 ft] high) erupted in 1992 at Bogoslof Island, which is the summit of a largely submarine stratovolcano located in the Bering Sea 50 km (31 mi) behind the main Aleutian volcanic arc. The island is about 1.5x0.6 km (1x.4 mi) and, due to energetic wave action and frequent eruptive activity, it has changed shape dramatically since first mapped in the late 1700's. Photograph by T. Miller, U.S. Geological Survey, May 10, 1994.

83. Aerial view, looking south, of Bogoslof Island, which is the summit of a largely submarine stratovolcano located in the Bering Sea 50 km (31 mi) behind the main Aleutian volcanic arc. The island is about 1.5x0.6 km (1x.4 mi) and, due to energetic wave action and frequent eruptive activity, it has changed shape dramatically since first mapped in the late 1700's. Its most recent eruption, in 1992, produced the conical, rubbly lava dome (150 m [492 ft] high)and offshore spire at bottom center. Photograph by T. Keith, U.S. Geological Survey, May 10, 1994. Back to top

84-86 Okmok Caldera

Photograph of dark, jagged lava flows, green grassy areas, and snow on caldera rim in background

84. View into Okmok caldera, a 9.3-km (5.8 mi)-diameter circular crater that truncates the top of a large shield volcano on the northeastern part of Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. The most recent caldera-forming eruption at Okmok occurred about 2,400 years ago. Since then, numerous intracaldera eruptions have occurred, including the eruption that extruded these blocky lava flows onto the caldera floor. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, September, 1980.

85. View of the steaming cinder cone that marks the site of the most recent eruptive activity at Okmok caldera, a 9.3- km (5.8 mi)-diameter circular crater that truncates the top of a large shield volcano on the northeastern part of Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Eruptions from this cone in 1945 and 1958 produced lava flows that extruded onto the caldera floor. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, September, 1980.

86. Aerial view looking north of Okmok caldera, a 9.3-km- diameter (5.8 mi) circular crater that truncates the top of a large shield volcano on the northeastern part of Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by J. Reeder. Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, date unknown. Back to top

87-89 Mount Recheshnoi

Photograph of snowy volcanic peak, blue sky; bare and green grassy slopes with small stream in fore and middleground

87. View, looking west, at the head of the Russian Bay valley of Mount Recheshnoi, a deeply dissected, 1,984-m (6,510 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Unlike Vsevidof volcano, its neighbor to the west, Recheshnoi volcano has had no documented historical eruptions. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1985.

88. View, looking north, of Mount Recheshnoi, a deeply dissected, 1,984-m (6,510 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Unlike Vsevidof volcano, its neighbor to the west, Recheshnoi volcano has had no documented historical eruptions. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1985.

89. View of an active fumarole near Russian Bay on Mount Recheshnoi, a deeply dissected, 1,984-m (6,510 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1985. Back to top

90-93 Mount Vsevidof

Photograph of symmetrical snow-covered volcano against blue sky, dark foreground

90. Distant view, looking north, of symmetrical Vsevidof volcano, a historically active, 2,149-m (7,050 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Mount Recheshnoi is on skyline at right. U.S. Geological Survey photograph, July, 1975.

91. View, looking north, of symmetrical Vsevidof volcano, a historically active, 2,149-m (7,050 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1985.

92. View, looking north, of symmetrical Vsevidof volcano, a historically active, 2,149-m (7,050 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1985.

93. View, looking north, of symmetrical Vsevidof volcano, a historically active, 2149-m (7,050 ft)-high stratovolcano on central Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands. Photograph by C. Nye, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, August, 1985. Back to top

94 Mount Cleveland

Photograph of symmetrical snow-covered volcano, blue sky, and green, grassy slopes and marsh area in foreground

94. Mount Cleveland forms the western half of Chuginadak Island in the central Aleutian Islands. This symmetrical, 1,730-m (5,676 ft)-high stratovolcano and has been the site of numerous eruptions in the last two centuries; the most recent eruption occurred in 1994. In 1944, a U.S. Army serviceman was reportedly killed by an eruption from Mount Cleveland. Photograph by M. Harbin, University of Alaska Fairbanks, July 24, 1994. Back to top

95 Carlisle Volcano

Photograph from boat of symmetrical, dark, volcanic peak with snow patches and green lower slopes; choppy dark blue ocean in foreground, sun glinting off water

95. View of steep-sided, symmetrical Carlisle volcano on Carlisle Island in the central Aleutian Islands. The 1,620- m (5,315 ft)-high stratovolcano has erupted several times since the late 1700's. Photograph by M. Harbin, University of Alaska Fairbanks, July 24, 1994. Back to top

96 Seguam Island

Photograph from air of dark lava flows and orange lava fountains emerging from snow-and ash-covered volcanic slope

96. Incandescent lava fountaining from a fissure eruption near Pyre Peak on 1,054-m (3,458 ft)-high Seguam Island in the central Aleutian Islands. U.S. Coast Guard photograph, March 8, 1977. Back to top

97 Kanaga Volcano

Photograph of gray ash and steam coming from top of snow-covered volcanic cone, steep ridges in middle ground

97. View, looking west, of 1,312-m (4,304 ft)-high Kanaga Volcano in eruption. Kanaga is located about 25 km (16 mi) west of the U.S. Navy installation and port on Adak Island in the Aleutian Islands. The volcano erupted intermittently through much of 1994, dusting the community of Adak at least once with fine ash. Photograph by E. Klett, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, January 27, 1994. Back to the top