Data from Selected U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Water-Quality Monitoring Networks (WQN) on CD-ROM
Open-File Report 96-337

By Richard B. Alexander, Amy S. Ludtke, Kathleen K. Fitzgerald, and Terry L. Schertz

Appendix: National Network Bibliography

The bibliography is arranged alphabetically and organized according to the following topical areas (number of references):

(revised 01/15/97)

Field sample collection, laboratory analysis techniques, and quality assurance

Britton, L.J., and Greeson, P.E., eds., 1989, Methods for collection and analysis of aquatic biological and microbiological samples: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A4, 363 p.

Durum, W.H., 1978, Historical profile of quality of water laboratories and activities, 1879-1973: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-432, p. 235.

Edwards, T.K., and Glysson, G.D., 1988, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 86-531, 188 p.

Faires, L.M., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory--Determination of metals in water by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-634, 28 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., 1989, Methods for the determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chap. A1, 545 p.

Fishman, M.J., Raese, J.W., Gerlitz, C.N., and Husband, R.A., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey approved inorganic and organic methods for the analysis of water and fluvial sediment, 1954-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-351, 55 p.

Friedman, L.C., 1993, Assuring the reliability of water-quality data, in U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2400, Paulson, R.W., Chase, E.B., Williams, J.S., and Moody, D.W., compilers, 590 p.

Friedman, L.C., Bradford, W.L., and Peart, D.B., 1983, Application of binomial distributions to quality-assurance of quantitative chemical analyses: Journal of Environmental Science and Health, v. A18, no. 4, p. 561-570.

Friedman, L.C., and Erdmann, D.E., 1982, Quality assurance practices for the chemical and biological analyses of water and sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigations, Book 5, Chap. A6, 181 p.

Guy, H.P., and Norman, V.W., 1970, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water- Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chap. C2, 59 p.

Horowitz, A.J., Demas, C.R., Fitzgerald, K.K., Miller, T.L., and Rickert, D.A., 1994, U.S. Geological Survey protocol for the collection and processing of surface-water samples for the subsequent determination of inorganic constituents in filtered water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-539, 57 p.

Janzer, V.J., 1983, Report of the U.S. Geological Survey's analytical evaluation program--Standard reference water samples M-82 (major constituents), T-83 (trace constituents), N-8 (nutrients), and P-2 (precipitation snowmelt): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-864.

-----1985, The use of natural waters as U.S. Geological Survey reference samples, in Taylor, J.K. and Stanley, T.W., eds., Quality assurance for environmental measurements, ASTM STP 867, American Society for Testing and Materials: Philadelphia, p. 319- 333.

Long, H.K., and Farrar, J.W., 1992, Report on the U.S. Geological Survey's evaluation program for standard reference samples distributed in April 1992 T-119 (trace constituents), M-122 (major constituents), N-34 (nutrients), N-35 (nutrients), and Hg- 14 (mercury): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-164, 100 p.

Maloney, T.J., Ludtke, A.S., and Krizman, T.L, 1994, Quality-assurance results for routine water analysis in U.S. Geological Survey laboratories, water year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 94-4046, 144 p.

Patton, C.J., and Truitt, E.P., 1992, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-- Determination of total phosphorus by a Kjeldahl digestion method and an automated colorimetric finish that includes dialysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-146, 39 p.

Pritt, J.W., and Raese, J.W., eds., 1992, Quality assurance / quality control manual, National Water Quality Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-495, 33 p.

Rainwater, F.A., and Thatcher, L.L., 1960, Methods for collection and analysis of water samples: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1454, 301 p.

Schroder, L.J., Fishman, M.J., Friedman, L.C., and Darlington, G.W., 1980, The use of standard reference water samples by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-738.

Skougstad, M.W., and Fishman, M.J., 1975, Standard reference water samples, Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference: Dallas, Texas, 1974, p. XIX-1 - XIX-6.

Skougstad, M.W., Fishman, M.J., Friedman, L.C., Erdmann, D.E., and Duncan, S.S., eds., 1979, Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chap. A1, 626 p.

Ward, J.R., and Harr, C.A., eds., 1990, Methods for collection and processing of surface-water and bed-material samples for physical and chemical analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-140, 71 p.


National network characteristics and program evaluations

Briggs, J. C., 1978, Nationwide surface water quality monitoring networks of the U.S. Geological Survey: American Water Resources Association Symposium Proceedings, June 12-14, p. 49-57.

Cobb, E. D., and Biesecker, J. E., 1971, The National Hydrologic Bench Mark Network: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 460-D, 38 p.

Comptroller General, 1981, Better monitoring techniques are needed to assess the quality of rivers and streams: Report to the Congress of the United States, report CED-81-30, v. 1, April 30, 120 p.

----- 1981, Better monitoring techniques are needed to assess the quality of rivers and streams: Report to the Congress of the United States, report CED-81-30, v. 2, April 30, 205 p.

Cragwell, J. S., Jr., 1976, The National Stream Quality Accounting Network: The Military Engineer, v. 68, no. 441, p. 25-27.

Feltz, H. R., Sayers, W. T., and Nicholson, H. P., 1971, National monitoring program for the assessment of pesticide residues in water: Pesticides Monitoring Journal, v. 5, no. 1., p. 54-62.

Ficke, J. F., and Hawkinson, R. O., 1975, The National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN)- Some questions and answers: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 719, 23 p.

Ficke, J. F., and Reisa, J. J., 1978, An overview of U. S. stream quality in 1975-76-- First results from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN): Proceedings of the 4th Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants, New Orleans, La., Nov. 6-11, 1977, Published in Wash. D. C. American Chem. Soc. Paper 070, p. 250-253.

Koh, R. C. Y., Brooks, N. H., Vanoni, V. A., and Taylor, B. D., 1983, Evaluation of the utility of sediment data in NASQAN: Environmental Quality Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Completion report for U.S. Geological Survey Contract No. 14-08-0001-17541, EQL Memorandum No. 23, June, 95 p.

Langbein, W.B., 1968, Hydrological bench marks, World Meterological Organization, International Hydrological Decade, Report 8, 8 p.

Langford, R.H., and Kapinos, F.P., 1979, The national water data network: A case history, Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1687-1691.

Leopold, L.B., 1962a, The man and the hill: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 460-A., 5 p.

----- 1962b, A national network of Hydrologic Bench-Marks: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 460-B., 4 p.

Pickering, R. J., and Ficke, J. F., 1976, Design of nationwide water- quality-monitoring networks: American Water Works Association Journal, v. 68, no. 2, p. 82-85.

Rickert, D.A., 1987, Water quality information activities of the Geological Survey, in Status of the Nation's water-quality information activities: Proceedings of a meeting in Charlottesville, Va, May 19-21, 1987.

Seaber, P.R., Kapinos, F.P., and Knapp, G.L., 1987, Hydrologic units maps: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2294, 63 p.

Whitlatch, E.E., 1989, Spatial adequacy of NASQAN water quality data in Ohio River Basin, J. Environ. Engineering JOEDDU, v. 115, no. 1, p. 173-191.

Whitlatch, E. E., Ricca, V. T., Stiefel, R. C., and Sykes, R. M., 1982a, Analysis of NASQAN water-quality data in the Ohio River basin: Data sources and data reduction techniques: The Ohio State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Completion report for U.S. Geological Survey Contract No. 14-08-0001-G-682, v. 1, September, 109 p.

----- 1982b, Analysis of NASQAN water-quality data in the Ohio River basin: Data presentation and basin descriptions: The Ohio State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Completion report for U.S. Geological Survey Contract No. 14-08-0001-G-682, v. 2, October, 255 p.

Whitlatch, E. E., Sykes, R. M., and Martin, M. J., 1983, Analysis of NASQAN water-quality data in the Ohio River basin: Correlation and regression analysis between disaggregated basin characteristics and water-quality: The Ohio State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Completion report for U.S. Geological Survey Contract No. 14-08-0901-G-682, v. 4, May, 146 p.

Whitlatch, E. E., Sykes, R. M., and Shaffer, T. R., 1982, Analysis of NASQAN water-quality data in the Ohio River basin: Statistical analysis of water-quality data: The Ohio State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Completion report for U.S. Geological Survey Contract No. 14-08-0001-G-682, v. 3, December, 245 p.

Windom, H.L., Byrd, J.T., Smith, R.G., and Huan, F., 1991, Inadequacy of NASQAN data for assessing metal trends in the nation's rivers: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 25, no. 6, p. 1137-1142.

Wolman, G. M., 1971, The nation's rivers: Science, v. 174, no. 4012, p. 905-918.


National and regional interpretations of NASQAN data

Alexander, R.B., Murdoch, P.S., and Smith, R.A., 1996, Streamflow- induced variations in nitrate flux in tributaries to the Atlantic Coastal zone: Biogeochemistry, v. 33, p. 149-177.

Alexander, R.B. and Smith, R.A., 1988, The transport of lead in major U.S. rivers: a budget for the major sources and sinks of lead, Proceedings of the Third Chemical Congress of North America (American Chemical Society) in the symposium entitled "Environmental Effects of the Reduction of Gasoline Lead": Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 5-11, 1988.

Alexander, R.B. and Smith, R.A., 1988, Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 24, p. 557-569.

Alexander, R. B., Smith, R. A., and Schwarz, G. E., 1996, The regional transport of point and nonpoint-source nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico: Proceedings of the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Management Conference, Gulf of Mexico Program, December 5-6, 1995, Kenner, Louisiana

Briggs, J. C., and Ficke, J. F., 1977, Quality of rivers of the United States, 1975 Water Year-- Based on the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-200,435 p.

Britton, L. J., Goddard, K. E., and Briggs, J. C., 1983, Quality of Rivers of the United States, 1976 Water Year--Based on the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-594.

Council on Environmental Quality, 1973-1982, Environmental quality: Annual reports of the Council on Environmental Quality: Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office.

Flegal, A.R., and Coale, K.H., 1989, Discussion of "Trends in lead concentration in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption", by R.B. Alexander and R.A. Smith: Water Resource Bulletin, v. 25, p. 1275-1277.

Gilliom, R.J., Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1985, Pesticides in the nation's rivers, 1975-80, and implications for future monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2271, 26 p.

Hawkinson, R. O., Ficke, J. F., and Saindon, L. G., 1977, Quality of rivers of the United States, 1974 Water Year-- Based on the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-151, 157 p.

Kircher, J.E., Gilliom, R.J., and Hickman, R.E., 1985, Loads and concentrations of dissolved solids, phosphorus, and inorganic nitrogen at U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations, in National Water Summary 1984-- Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground- water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 61-65.

Knopman, D.S., and Smith, R.A., 1993, Twenty years of the clean water act: Has U.S. water quality improved? Environment, v. 35, no. 1, p 16-20, 34-41.

Lettenmaier, D.P., Hooper, E.R., Wagoner, C., and Faris, K.B., 1991, Trends in stream quality in the continental United States, 1978- 1987, Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 3, p. 327-339.

Peters, N.E., 1984, Evaluation of environmental factors affecting yields of major dissolved ions of streams in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2228, 39 p.

Smith, R. A., and Alexander, R. B., 1982, A study of trends in dissolved oxygen and fecal coliform bacteria at NASQAN stations: U.S. Geological Survery Open-File Report 82-1019, 6 p.

----- 1983b, A statistical summary of data from the U.S. Geological Survey's national water-quality networks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-533, 30 p.

----- 1985, Trends in concentrations of dissolved solids, suspended sediment, total phosphorus, and inorganic nitrogen at U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 66- 73.

----- 1989, Reply - Trends in lead concentrations in major U.S. rivers and their relation to historical changes in gasoline-lead consumption: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, p. 1279-1282.

Smith, R. A., Alexander, R. B., and Lanfear, K. J., 1992, A graphical summary of selected water-quality constituents in streams of the conterminous United States, 1980-89: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-70, 21 p.

----- 1993, Stream water quality in the conterminous United States-- Status and trends of selected indicators during the 1980's, U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2400, Paulson, R.W., Chase, E.B., Williams, J.S., and Moody, D.W., compilers, 590 p.

Smith, R.A., Alexander, R.B., and Schmitt, C.J., 1988, Lead concentrations in fish tissues in relation to concentrations of lead in major U.S. rivers [Paper for presentation at the Third Chemical Congress of North America (American Chemical Society) in the symposium entitled "Environmental Effects of the Reduction of Gasoline Lead": Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 5-11, 1988].

Smith, R.A., Alexander, R.B., and Wolman, M.G., 1987a, Water quality trends in the Nation's rivers:Science, v. 235, p. 1607-1615.

----- 1987b, Analysis and interpretation of water-quality trends in major U.S. rivers, 1974-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2307, 25p.

Smith, R. A., Hirsch, R. M., and Slack, J. R., 1982, A study of trends in total phosphorus measurements at NASQAN stations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2190, 34 p.

Smith, R.A., Schwarz, G.E., and Alexander, R.B., 1994, Regional estimates of the amount of U.S. agricultural land located in watersheds with poor water quality: U.S. Geological Open-File Report 94-399, 25 p.

Steele, T.D., 1983, Regional analysis of water quality in major streams of the United States, in Dissolved loads of rivers and surface water quantity/quality relationships: Proceedings of a Symposium held during the XVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Hamburg, West Germany, August 15-27, 1983, IAHS Publication 141, p. 131-143.

Steele, T. D., Gilroy, E. J., and Hawkinson, R. O., 1974, An assessment of areal and temporal variations in streamflow quality using selected data from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 74-217, 210 p.

Sykes, Robert M., Whitlatch, Elbert E., and Skalsky, Daniel S., 1983, Analysis of NASQAN water-quality data in the Ohio River basin: Adequacy of the National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) in the Ohio River basin. The Ohio State University, Department of Civil Engineering, Completion report for U.S. Geological Survey Contract No. 14-08-0001-G-682, v. 5, October, 286 p.

Wells, F. C., and Schertz, T. L., 1983, Statistical summary of daily values data and trend analysis of dissolved-solids data at National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) stations: U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations 83-4172, 526 p.


State and local interpretations of NASQAN data

Andrews, F.L., and Schertz, T.L., 1985, Statistical summary and evaluation of the quality of surface water in the Colorado River basin, 1973-82 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 85-4181, 97 p.

Baker, D.B., 1985, Regional water quality impacts of intensive row- crop agriculture--A Lake Erie basin case study: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 40, no. 1, p. 125-132.

Bolke, E.L., 1979, Dissolved-oxygen depletion and other effects of storing water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2058, 41 p.

Bolke, E.L., and Waddell, K.M., 1975, Chemical quality and temperature of water in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming and Utah, and the effect of the reservoir on the Green River: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2039-A, 26 p.

Carter, D.S., Lydy, M.J., and Crawford, C.G., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 94-4024, 60 p.

Clifton, D.G., and Gilliom, R.J., 1989, Sources and concentrations dissolved solids nad selenium in the San Joaquin River and its tributaries, California, October 1985 to March 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4217, 33p.

Crawford, C.G., and Wangsness, D.J., 1991, Effects of advanced wastewater treatment on the quality of the White River, Indiana: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 27, no. 5, p. 769-779.

----- 1991, Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2393, 23 p.

Crawford, J. K., 1983, Water Quality Characteristics for Selected Sites on the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, 1955-80--Variability, Loads, and Trends of Selected Constituents: U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report 83-526, 66p.

----- 1985, Water quality of North Carolina streams--Water-quality characteristics of selected sites on the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, 1955-80 -- Variability, loads, and trends of selected constituents: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2185-F, 44 p.

Cummings, T.R., 1984, Estimates of dissolved and suspended substance yield of stream basins in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4288.

Daniel, C.C., III, Wilder, H.B., and Weinter, M.S., 1982, Water quality of the French Broad River, North Carolina--An analysis of data collected at Marshall, 1958-77: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2185-C, 28 p.

Engberg, R.A., 1983, A statistical analysis of the quality of surface water in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2179.

Evaldi, R.D., and Lewis, J.G., 1986, Water-quality appraisal of NASQAN stations below impoundments, Eastern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 85-4171, 50 p.

Fernandez, M., Jr., Goetz, C.L., and Miller, J.E., 1984, Evaluation of future base-flow water-quality conditions in the Hillsborough River, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4182, 47 p.

German, E.R., and Schiffer, D.M., 1988, Application of National Stream Quality Accouting Network (NASQAN) station data for assessing water quality in the Peace River basin, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4167, 73 p.

Giovannelli, R.F., 1981, Relation between freshwater flow and salinity distribution in the Alafia River, Bullfrog Creek, and Hillsborough Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80-102, 62 p.

Goetz, C.L., and Abeyta, C.G., 1987, Areal and temporal variability of water quality of the San Juan River Drainage Basin upstream from shiprock, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4043, 89 p.

Graczyk, D.J., 1986, Water quality in the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4319, 48 p.

Hainly, R.A., and Ritter, J.R., 1986, Areal and temporal variability of selected water quality characteristics in two hydrologic benchmark basins in the northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85- 4025, 22 p.

Hainly, R.A., Truhlar, J.F., and Wetzel, K.L., 1989, Surface-water quality in the West Branch Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania: An appraisal of areal and temporal variability from 1962 to 1982 in hydrologic accounting unit 020502: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resource Investigations Report 85-4283, 50 p.

Hammett, K.M., 1988, Land use, water use, streamflow characteristics and water-quality characteristics of the Charlotte Harbor inflow area, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2359-A, 64 p.

Harned, D.A., 1982, Water quality of the Neuse River, North Carolina- -Variability, pollution loads, and long-term trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2185-D, 44 p.

Harned, D.A., and Davenport, M.S., 1990, Water-quality trends and basin activities and characteristics for the Albemarle-Pamlico estuarine system, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-398, 164 p.

Harned, D.A., McMahon, G., Spruill, T.B., and Wodside, M.D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virgina--Characterization of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 95-191, 131 p.

Harned, D.A., and Meyer, D., 1983, Water quality of the Yadkin- Peedee River system, North Carolina--Variability, pollution loads, and long-term trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2185-E, 71 p.

Hay, L.E., and Campbell, J.P., 1990, Water-quality trends in New Jersey streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4046, 297 p.

Hill, B.R., and Gilliom, R.J., 1994, Streamflow, dissolved solids, suspended sediment, and trace elements, San Joaquin River, California, June 1985-September 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4085, 21p.

Knapton, J.R., 1978, Evaluation and correlation of water-quality data for the North Fork Flathead River, northwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 78-111, 95 p.

Knapton, J.R., and Bochy, B.M., 1976, Results of phytoplankton sampling at National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations in Montana--1975 water year: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-219, 27 p.

Knapton, J.R., and Ferreira, R.F., 1980, statistical analyses of surface water-quality variables in the coal area of southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 80- 40, 128 p.

Leist, D.W., 1986, Evaluation of water-quality data from hydrologic accounting unit 051100, Green river Basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85- 4208, 49 p.

Lucey, K.J., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-46.

McMahon, G., and Lloyd, O.B., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia-- Environmental setting and water-quality issues: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-136, 72 p.

Petersen, J.C., 1992, Trends in stream water-quality data in Arkansas during several time periods between 1975 and 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92- 4044, 182 p.

Peterson, C.G., and Stevenson, R.J., Seasonality in river phytoplankton: Multivariate analysis of data from the Ohio River and six Kentucky tributaries, Hydrobiologia HYDRBB, v. 182, no. 2, p. 99-114.

Reed, T.J., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., 1995, Surface water temperature statistics for streams in New Jersey and vicinity, 1955-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-196, 142 p.

Rinella, J.F., 1986, Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 85-4253, 96 p.

Robinson, K.W., and Pak, C., 1993, New Jersey stream water quality: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2400, p. 395-402.

Schertz, T.L., 1990, Trends in water-quality data in Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Report 89-4178, 177 p.

Schertz, T.L., Wells, F.C., and Ohe, D.J., 1994, Sources of trends in water-quality data for selected streams in Texas, 1975-89 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation 94-4213, 49 p.

Seiler, R.L., and Tooley, J.E., 1982, Erosion and sediment characteristics of the southeastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82- 428, 44 p.

Simmons, C.E., and Heath, R.C., 1982, Water-quality characteristics of streams in forested and rural areas of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2185-B, 33 p.

Smoot, J.L., Liebermann, T.D., Evaldi, R.D., and White, K.D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky- -Analysis of available surface-water-quality data through 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2351-B, 194 p.

Stephens, D.W., 1984, Characterization of the dissolved-oxygen regime of the Jordan River, Salt Lake County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4056, 56 p.

Stephens, D.W., and Wangsgard, J.B., 1986, Cluster analysis of phytoplankton data collected from the National Stream Quality Accounting Network in the Tennessee River Basin, 1974-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86- 4029, 48 p.

Stoner, J.D., 1985, Dissolved solids in the Arkansas River Basin, in National Water Summary 1984--Hydrologic events, selected water-quality trends, and ground-water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 79-84.

Stoker, Y.E., Levesque, V.A., and Woodham, W.M., in press, The effect of discharge and water quality of the Alafia River, Hillsborough River, and the Tampa Bypass Canal on nutrient loading to Hillsborough Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4107, 68 p.

Wells, F.C., Rawson, J., and Shelby, W.J., 1986, Areal and temporal variations in the quality of surface water in hydrologic accounting unit 120301, Upper Trinity River Basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4318, 135 p.

Wells, F.C., Schertz, T.L., and Flugrath, M.W., 1981, Effects of October 1981 flood on the quantity and quality of water in selected streams and reservoirs in the Brazos River Basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84- 4055, 119 p.

Woods, P.F., 1981, Modeled impacts of surface coal mining on dissolved solids in the Tongue River, southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-64, 73 p.

Yorke, T.H., Stamer, J.K., and Pederson, G.L., 1985, Effects of low-level dams on the distribution of sediment, trace metals, and organic substances in the lower Schuylkill River basin, Pennsylvannia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2256-B, 53 p.


National and regional interpretations of HBN data

Alexander, R.B. and Smith, R.A., 1984, Trends in water chemistry at a nationwide network of stream sampling stations and their relationship to historical sulfur dioxide emissions: American Society of Civil Engineers Energy '84 Proceedings, Los Angeles, California, Aug., 1984.

Biesecker, J. E., and Leifeste, D. K., 1975, Water quality of Hydrologic Bench Marks- An indicator of water quality in the natural environment: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 460-E, 21 p.

Campbell, D.H., and Turk, J.T., 1988, Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the Western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 871-878.

Janzer, V. J., and Saindon, L. G., 1972, Radiochemical analyses of surface water for U. S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Bench-Mark stations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File release, January 14, 1972, 41 p.

Kramer, J.R., Andren, A.W., Smith, R.A., Johnson, A.H., Alexander, R.B., and Ohlert, G., 1986, Streams and lakes, in Acid Deposition: Long- Term Trends, National Academy Press. p. 231-299.

Lawrence, C.L., 1987, Streamflow characteristics at hydrologic bench- mark stations: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 941, 123 p.

Lins, H.F., 1986, Recent patterns of sulfate variability in pristine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 2, p. 367-375.

Smith, R. A., and Alexander, R. B., 1983a, Evidence for acid- precipitation induced trends in stream chemistry at Hydrologic Bench-Mark stations: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 910, 12 p.

----- 1983b, A statistical summary of data from the U.S. Geological Survey's national water-quality networks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-533, 30 p.

----- 1986, Correlations between stream sulphate and regional SO2 emissions: Nature, v. 322, p. 722-724.


State and local interpretations of HBN data

Clow, D.W., Mast, M.A., and Campbell, D.H., 1996, Controls on surface water chemistry in the Upper Merced River Basin, Yosemite National Park, California: Hydrological Processes, v. 10, p. 727-746.

Johnson, A. H., 1979a, Evidence of acidification of headwater streams in the New Jersey pinelands: Science, v. 206, p. 834-836.

----- 1979b, Acidification of headwater streams in the New Jersey pinebarrens: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 8, p. 383-386.

Johnsson, P.A. and Barringer, J.L., 1993, Water qualiy and hydrogeochemical processes in McDonalds Branch basin, New Jersey Pinelands, 1984-1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigation Report 91-4081, 111 p.

Lord, D.G., Barringer, J.L., Johnsson, P.A., Schuster, P.A., Walker, R.L., Fairchild, J.E., Sroka, B.N., and Jacobsen, Eric, 1990, Hydrogeochemical data from an acid deposition study at McDonalds Branch basin in the New Jersey Pinelands, 1983-1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-500, 124 p.

McDonald, M.G., and McCall, J.E., 1974, Temperature of natural waters in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 122 p.

Morgan, M.D.., 1984, Acidification of headwater streams in the New Jersey Pinelands-a re-evaluation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 29, no. 6, p. 1259-1266.

Peters, N.E., Schroeder, R.A., and Troutman, D.E., 1982, Temporal trends in the acidity of precipitation and surface waters of New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2188, 35 p.

Ritter, J.R., and Brown, A.E., 1981, An evaluation of the effects of acid rain on low conductivity headwater streams in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-1025, 53 p.

Schornick, J.C., and Ram, N.M., 1978, Nitrification kin four acidic streams in Southern New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 77-121, 51 p.

Stoddard, J.L., 1991, Trends in Catskill stream water quality-- evidence for historical data: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 11, p. 2855-2864.

Turner, R.S., Johnson, A.H., and Wang, D., 1985, Biogeochemistry of aluminum in McDonalds Branch watershed, New Jersey Pine Barrens: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 14, no. 3, pp. 314- 323.


Statistical methods

Alexander, R. B., Smith, R. A., and Schwarz, G. E., 1993, Correction of stream quality trends for the effects of laboratory measurement bias: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 11, p. 3821-3833.

Cohn, T.A., Caulder, D.L., Gilroy, E.J., Zynjuk, L.D., and Summers, R.M., 1992, The validity of a simple statistical model for estimating fluvial constituent loads: An empirical study involving nutrient loads entering Chesapeake Bay: Water Resources Research, v. 28, p. 2353-2363.

Cohn, T.A., DeLong, L.L., Gilroy, E.J., Hirsch, R.M., and Wells, D.K., 1989, Estimating constituent loads: Water Resources Research, v. 25, p. 937-942.

Crawford, C.G., Slack, J.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1983, Nonparametric tests for trends in water-quality data using the Statistical Analysis System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-550, 102 p.

Gilroy, E.J., Hirsch, R.M., and Cohn, T.A., 1990, Mean square error of regression-based constituent transport estimates: Water Resources Research, v. 26, p. 2069-2077.

Harned, D.A., Daniel, C.C., III, and Crawford, J.K., 1981, Methods of discharge compensation as an aid to the evaluation of water- quality trends: Water Resources Research, v. 17, no. 5, p. 1389- 1400.

Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 1992, Statistical methods in water resources, studies in environmental science: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publishers, v. 49, 522 p.

Hirsch, R.M., Alexander, R.B., and Smith, R.A., 1991, Selection of Methods for the Detection and Estimation of Trends in Water Quality: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no 5, p. 803-813.

Hirsch, R.M. and Slack, J.R., 1984, A nonparametric trend test for seasonal data with serial depndence: Water Resources Research, v. 20, p. 727-732.

Hirsch, R. M., Slack, J. R., and Smith, R. A., 1982, Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water-quality data: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 1, p. 107-121.

Lanfear, K.J., and Alexander, R.B., 1990, Methodology to derive water-quality trends for use by the national water summary program of the U. S. Geological Survey: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-359, 10p.

Sanders, T. G., Ward, R. C., Loftis, J. C., Steele, T. D., Adrian, D. D., and YevJevich, Vujica, 1983, Design of networks for monitoring water quality: Water Resources Publications, 336 p.

Schertz, T.L., Alexander, R.B., and Ohe, D., 1991, Estimate Trend (ESTREND): A computerized system for the detection and analysis of trends in water quality: U. S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation 91-4040, 63p.

Smith, R. A., Hirsch, R. M., and Slack, J. R., 1982, A study of trends in total phosphorus measurements at NASQAN stations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2190, 34 p.


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