Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20131115 Title: Topographic Lidar Survey of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, February 6, 2012 -- Classified Point Data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: binary point cloud Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 840 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Fla. Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/840 Description: Abstract: This Data Series Report contains lidar elevation data collected February 6, 2012, over the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana. LAS 1.2 formatted point data files were generated based on these data. The point cloud data were processed to extract bare earth data; therefore, the point cloud data are classified into only these classes: 1 and 17-unclassified, 2-ground, 9-water, and 10-breakline proximity. Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC, was contracted by the USGS to collect and process these data. The lidar data were collected at a nominal pulse spacing (NPS) of 0.5 meter (m). The data are in decimal degree geographic coordinates, North American Datum 1983, National Spatial Reference System 2007 (NAD83 NSRS2007)). The vertical datum is North American Vertical Datum 1988, Geoid 2009, Geodetic Reference System 1980 (NAVD88 GEOID09 GRS80) in meters. Thirty-three LAS files, based on a 2-kilometer by 2-kilometer tiling scheme, cover the entire survey area. These lidar data are available to Federal, State and local governments, emergency-response officials, resource managers, and the general public. Purpose: This lidar survey was acquired to document the short-term and long-term changes of several barrier island systems. Specifically, this survey supports detailed studies of the Chandeleur Islands that resolve annual changes in beaches, berms and dunes associated with processes driven by storms, sea-level rise, and human restoration activities. Supplemental_Information: Lidar data acquisition, calibration, and follow-on processing were completed by Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Digital Aerial Solutions was contracted by the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct the work. Each tile is 2000 m x 2000 m in size based on UTM Zone 16N NAD83 meters. The extent of each tile falls on even 1000 x and y UTM Zone 16N NAD83 coordinates. Tile names are assigned according to the U.S. National Grid (USNG) spatial address (http://www.fgdc.gov/usng/how-to-read-usng/index_html). The last 4 digits of the file name are based on the lower-left (LL) xy coordinate of the tile. For example, tile name 16RCU2304 uses 23 to represent an LL x-coordinate of 323,000 (ignoring the first digit), and uses 04 to represent an LL y-coordinate of 3,304,000 (ignoring the first two digits). Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20120206 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.896799 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.816516 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.017100 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.755616 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: model Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: elevation data Theme_Keyword: Lidar Theme_Keyword: topography Theme_Keyword: hydrology Theme_Keyword: laser altimetry Theme_Keyword: bare earth Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory (GCMD) Theme_Keyword: LAND SURFACE > TOPOGRAPHY > TERRAIN ELEVATION Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > BARRIER ISLANDS Theme_Keyword: COASTAL PROCESSES > BEACHES Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Instrument Theme_Keyword: Lidar > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Louisiana Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: Barrier Islands Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Barrier Islands Place_Keyword: Chandeleur Islands Place_Keyword: United States Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Temporal_Keyword: 2012 Access_Constraints: No restrictions apply to these data. Use_Constraints: None. However, users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this dataset was collected and that some parts of these data may no longer represent surface conditions. Users should not use these data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated for products derived from these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Nathaniel Plant Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th St. S. City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nplant@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Dataset_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. The U.S. Geological Survey staff would also appreciate it if those products were shared with them. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Native_Dataset_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850; ARCmap 10; MicroStation V8; TeraScan v.11; TeraModel v.11. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Bare-earth processed data for this acquisition block comply with the following accuracy requirements for artifact/feature removal: artifacts - 90 percent; outliers - 95 percent; vegetation - 95 percent; buildings - 98 percent. All LAS formatted lidar data are validated with commercial GIS software to ensure proper formatting and loading before delivery. This validation procedure ensures that data on delivery media are in correct physical format and are readable. Completeness_Report: The data were visually inspected for completeness. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Lidar data horizontal accuracy was tested to meet a 1.0 m root mean square error (RMSEz) or better. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1m Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Horizontal point accuracy is a function of angular origination of the pulse, IMU orientation, the scanner encoder and ranging function, and will vary depending on the proposed point density selected for the collection. Statistically, the error is roughly 1/3 of the illuminated foot print on the ground and is a function of the beam divergences. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Lidar vertical data accuracy determination used the standards of the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy (NSSDA). The contract specified a 15 centimeter (cm) (RMSEz) or better on open bare terrain and 43.6 cm (RMSEz) or better in vegetative areas. Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 4.5 cm Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Based on vertical accuracy testing conducted by Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC, using the NSSDA methodology, the dataset tested 6.6 cm vertical accuracy at 95 percent confidence level in open terrain. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Raw Lidar Data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Type_of_Source_Media: digital hard drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20120206 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Raw Lidar Data Source_Contribution: This data source was used to populate the lidar point cloud data. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Ground Control Points Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2012 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ground Control Points Source_Contribution: This data source was used in lidar processing and accuracy assessment. This dataset is not included in this Data Series Report. Process_Step: Process_Description: The airborne global positioning system (ABGPS), inertial measurement units (IMU), and raw ALS60 lidar data were integrated into the Leica post processor software. The resultant file is in an LAS binary file format. The LAS file version 1.2 format can be easily transferred from one file format to another. It is a binary file format that maintains information specific to the lidar data (return number, intensity value, xyz, and similar information). The resultant points are produced in the geodetic coordinates referenced to the vertical datum. The ABGPS, IMU and raw lidar data are intermediary datasets and are not included in this Data Series Report. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Raw Lidar Data Process_Date: 2012 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Calibrated Lidar Datasets Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 8409 Laurel Fair Circle Suite 100 City: Tampa State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33610 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 813-628-0788 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 813-628-0777 Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Process_Step: Process_Description: The unedited data were classified to facilitate the application of the appropriate feature extraction filters. A combination of proprietary filters was applied as appropriate for the production of bare earth Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). Interactive editing methods were applied to those areas where it was inappropriate or impossible to use the feature extraction filters, based upon the design criteria or limitations of the relevant filters. These same feature extraction filters were used to produce elevation height surfaces. The lidar mass points are in American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing LAS 1.2 format. The header file for each dataset is complete as defined by the LAS 1.2 specification. The data were classified as follows: Classes 1 and 17 = Unclassified. Class 2 = Ground. Class 9 = Water. Class 10 = Breakline Proximity. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Calibrated Lidar Datasets Process_Date: 2012 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Classified Lidar Datasets Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Contact_Person: Joshua Helton Contact_Position: Director Lidar Programs Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 8409 Laurel Fair Circle Suite 100 City: Tampa State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33610 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 813-628-0788 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 813-628-0777 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jhelton@digitalaerial.com Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Process_Step: Process_Description: The Spatial Reference Geographic (latitude and longitude) decimal degrees NAD83 coordinates were converted from ellipsoid heights (meters) into orthometric heights using NAVD88 (meters). The files were orthogonally tiled based on a 2000 m by 2000 m extent, and labeled with a "Tile_ID" attribute. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Classified Lidar Datasets Process_Date: 2012 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Tiled Orthometric Lidar Datasets Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Contact_Person: Joshua Helton Contact_Position: Director Lidar Programs Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 8409 Laurel Fair Circle Suite 100 City: Tampa State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33610 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 813-628-0788 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 813-628-0777 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jhelton@digitalaerial.com Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Tile Index Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 (NSRS2007) Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (GEOID09) Altitude_Resolution: .01 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type_Label: *.las Entity_Type_Definition: LAS 1.2 files. The asterisk represents the unique file identifier (see Supplemental Information section). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Attribute: Attribute_Label: X Attribute_Definition: Easting Coordinate Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: varying value range Attribute: Attribute_Label: Y Attribute_Definition: Northing Coordinate Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: varying value range Attribute: Attribute_Label: Z Attribute_Definition: NAVD88 GEOID09 elevation in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: NAVD88 GEOID09 Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: varying value range Attribute: Attribute_Label: Intensity Attribute_Definition: The intensity value is the integer representation of the pulse return magnitude. This value is optional and system specific. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Return Number Attribute_Definition: The Return Number is the pulse return number for a given output pulse. A given output laser pulse can have many returns, and they must be marked in sequence of return. The first return will have a Return Number of one, the second a Return Number of two, and so on up to five returns. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Number of Returns Attribute_Definition: The Number of Returns is the total number of returns for a given pulse. For example, a laser data point may be return two (Return Number) within a total number of five returns. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Scan Direction Flag Attribute_Definition: The Scan Direction Flag denotes the direction at which the scanner mirror was traveling at the time of the output pulse. A bit value of 1 is a positive scan direction, and a bit value of 0 is a negative scan direction (where positive scan direction is a scan moving from the left side of the in-track direction to the right side and negative the opposite). Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Edge of Flight Line Attribute_Definition: The Edge of Flight Line data bit has a value of 1 only when the point is at the end of a scan. It is the last point on a given scan line before it changes direction. Attribute_Definition_Source: UTM zone 16N NAD83 coordinate system Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Classification Attribute_Definition: These data were specifically processed for bare earth (ground). Refer to "Process Steps" for additional information on classification. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format and Digital Aerial Solutions Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unclassified Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ground Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 9 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Water Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 10 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Breakline Proximity. Breaklines were collected for streams, rivers, and inland water bodies and visually inspected. Elevation from the lidar point cloud is used to derive a static elevation for hydro flattening in making Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC. Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 17 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unclassified Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Digital Aerial Solutions, LLC Attribute: Attribute_Label: Scan Angle Rank Attribute_Definition: The Scan Angle Rank is a signed one-byte number with a valid range from -90 to 90. The Scan Angle Rank is the angle (rounded to the nearest integer in the absolute value sense) at which the laser point was output from the laser system including the roll of the aircraft. The scan angle is within 1 degree of accuracy from -90 to 90 degrees. Zero degrees is the nadir and -90 degrees is to the left side of the aircraft in the direction of flight. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -90 Range_Domain_Maximum: 90 Attribute: Attribute_Label: User Data Attribute_Definition: This field may be used at the user's discretion. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: undefined Attribute: Attribute_Label: Point Source ID Attribute_Definition: This value indicates the file from which this point originated. Valid values for this field are 1 to 65,535 inclusive with zero being used for a special case discussed below. The numerical value corresponds to the File Source ID from which this point originated. Zero is reserved as a convenience to system implementers. A Point Source ID of zero implies that this point originated in this file. This implies that processing software should set the Point Source ID equal to the File Source ID of the file containing this point at some time during processing. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 65,535 Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPS Time Attribute_Definition: The GPS Time is the double floating point time tag value at which the point was acquired. It is GPS Week Time if the Global Encoding low bit is clear and POSIX Time if the Global Encoding low bit is set. Attribute_Definition_Source: ASPRS Lidar Data Exchange Format Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: varying value range Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nathaniel Plant Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Hours_of_Service: Monday-Friday, 9:00-5:00 Eastern Time Resource_Description: DS 840 Distribution_Liability: Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: LAS 1.2, zipped Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/840/data/ Fees: None if obtained online;otherwise prices vary. Ordering_Instructions: Publications are available from USGS Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046 (telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS, e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov). Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20131118 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: K. Guy Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kguy@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: Monday through Friday 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (Eastern Time) Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None. Metadata_Use_Constraints: None. Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None. Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: NONE