Shoreline Positions and Sand Extents Derived from Landsat Satellite Imagery, Assateague Island to Metompkin Island, Maryland and Virginia, 1984 to 2014

Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Julie C. Bernier
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Shoreline Positions and Sand Extents Derived from Landsat Satellite Imagery, Assateague Island to Metompkin Island, Maryland and Virginia, 1984 to 2014
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data
Online_Linkage:
https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0968/downloads/landsat_a2a_sand_shrln_final.zip
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Julie C. Bernier
Originator: Steven H. Douglas
Originator: Joseph F. Terrano
Originator: John A. Barras
Originator: Nathaniel G. Plant
Originator: Christopher G. Smith
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Land-Cover Types, Shoreline Positions, and Sand Extents Derived from Landsat Satellite Imagery, Assateague Island to Metompkin Island, Maryland and Virginia, 1984 to 2014
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: 968
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds968
Description:
Abstract:
The U.S. Geological Survey has a long history of responding to and documenting the impacts of storms along the Nation’s coasts and incorporating these data into storm impact and coastal change vulnerability assessments. These studies, however, have traditionally focused on sandy shorelines and sandy barrier-island systems, without consideration of impacts to coastal wetlands. The goal of the Barrier Island and Estuarine Wetland Physical Change Assessment project is to integrate a wetland-change assessment with existing coastal-change assessments for the adjacent sandy dunes and beaches, initially focusing on Assateague Island along the Maryland and Virginia coastline. Assateague Island was impacted by waves and storm surge associated with the passage of Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, including erosion and overwash along the ocean-facing sandy shoreline as well as erosion and overwash deposition in the back-barrier and estuarine bay environments. This report serves as an archive of data that were derived from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 imagery from 1984 to 2014, including wetland and terrestrial habitat extents; open-ocean, back-barrier, and estuarine mainland shoreline positions; and sand-line positions along the estuarine mainland and barrier shorelines from Assateague Island, Maryland to Metompkin Island, Virginia. The geographic information system data files with accompanying formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata can be downloaded from https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0968/ds968_data.html.
Purpose:
This zip archive includes vector data representing shoreline positions and sand extents derived from 19 Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and four Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image datasets from Assateague Island to Metompkin Island, Maryland and Virginia. For each image acquisition date, the Level 1 data products were stacked into composite 6-band (visible blue, green, and red; near infrared; and two short-wave infrared bands) image files and converted to at-sensor radiance and top-of-atmosphere reflectance. Adjacent scenes (Worldwide Reference System 2, path 14 row 33 and path 14 row 34) were mosaicked to a single image and then clipped to the study area extent. Seven land-cover classes (water, wet marsh, marsh, forested, mixed vegetation, vegetated bare earth, and bare earth) were derived for each image acquisition date using a hybrid classification approach to minimize misclassification of small interior water bodies and tidal channels with surrounding marsh environments. Vector line files representing the continuous inland extent of sand behind the open-ocean shoreline, the ocean-facing sea shoreline, the back-barrier island shoreline, the estuarine mainland shoreline, and back-barrier estuarine marsh islands were extracted from the thematic land-cover datasets.
Supplemental_Information:
Information about the Landsat missions, sensor and band specifications, Level 1 data products, and data acess can be found at http://landsat.usgs.gov/index.php.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Multiple_Dates/Times:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19841124
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19890428
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19891005
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19940426
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19941104
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 1990510
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 19991118
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20040405
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20041115
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20050611
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20051102
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20070516
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20070617
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20080416
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20081126
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20090318
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20110425
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20110714
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20110831
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20130414
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20130905
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20140401
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20141026
Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.590337
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.993480
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.327347
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.739426
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Landsat
Theme_Keyword: Barrier island
Theme_Keyword: Estuarine
Theme_Keyword: Coastal
Theme_Keyword: Unsupervised classification
Theme_Keyword: Land cover
Theme_Keyword: Shoreline
Theme_Keyword: Back-barrier
Theme_Keyword: Sand extent
Theme_Keyword: Barrier Island and Estuarine Wetland Physical Change Assessment
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Place_Keyword: Maryland
Place_Keyword: Virginia
Place_Keyword: Assateague Island
Place_Keyword: Chincoteague Bay
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Data_Set_Credit:
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2.3552
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Kristy K. Guy
Publication_Date: 2015
Title:
Back-island and open-ocean shorelines, and sand areas of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia, April 12, 1989, to September 5, 2013
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Multimedia presentation
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series
Issue_Identification: 928
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds928
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Landsat standard data products, processed using the Level 1 Product Generation System (LPGS), were downloaded from the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center data archives. Even after using a hybrid classification approach, some areas that were classified as wet marsh in the final thematic raster dataset appeared, upon visual inspection, to include submerged aquatic vegetation and submerged sand flats that would be more appropriately classified as open water. These ambiguities are not consistent through time but most commonly occur in Sinepuxent Bay south of Ocean City Inlet, north of Green Run Bay and Pirate Islands, in impoundments behind Chincoteague Island, and at Chincoteague Inlet. Similarly, in some instances, areas that were classified as water in the final thematic raster dataset were interpreted as wet sand on visual inspection. This most commonly occurs along the narrowest part of Assateague Island south of Ocean City Inlet, at the Tom’s Cove spit, and along Metompkin Island. Additionally, some near-shore estuarine areas exhibit “speckling” caused by misclassification of isolated higher reflectance pixels within the water body. No manual cleaning of open-water speckling or potentially misclassified pixels was performed. The primary sand lines represent the continuous inland extent of sand behind the open-ocean shoreline; lines representing sand extents or vegetation “islands” larger than eleven pixels (about 10,000 m2) were also included. Similarly, the primary back-barrier shoreline represents the continuous back-barrier land extent; however, shorelines around back-barrier marsh islands larger than 10,000 m2 were also included in the shoreline datasets. Line features were manually edited on the basis of visual comparison with both the original Landsat image and the final thematic raster dataset; for example, classified land areas that were visually interpreted as open water were excluded from the back-barrier shoreline or back-barrier island extents.
Completeness_Report:
Nineteen Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and four Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image acquisition dates were selected for analysis. Image acquisition dates correspond to 5-year intervals beginning in 1984 supplemented with additional images from intervening years for which high-resolution aerial photography was also analyzed (Guy, 2015). If available, spring (April preferred) and late fall (November preferred) image acquisition dates were used for each analysis year. The spring and fall images were supplemented with additional scenes corresponding to aerial photography acquisition dates (Guy, 2015). A gap in imagery dates from August 31, 2011 to April 14, 2013, corresponding to the decommissioning of the Landsat 5 TM mission and the first data available from the recently launched Landsat 8 OLI mission. Data from the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) satellite are available for this time period; however, data gaps exist over the study area in all Landsat 7 images acquired since May 2003 due to the failure of the scan line corrector early in May 2003, limiting the use of these Landsat 7 data in quantitative land-change analyses.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Geodetic accuracy of the Standard Terrain Correction (Level 1T) data product depends on the accuracy of the ground control points and the resolution of the DEM used.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Each Landsat Level 1 data product was stacked into a composite multi-band image file using Intergraph Corporation ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software. The six reflective bands (visible blue, green, and red; near infrared; and two short-wave infrared bands) for each sensor were stacked and used in subsequent processing and analyses.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The composite multi-band image files were converted to at-sensor radiance and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance using Intergraph Corporation ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software. Radiometric processing reduces scene-to-scene variability due to gain changes between scenes or differences in solar zenith angles, exoatmospheric solar irradiance, and the earth-sun distance resulting from different acquisition dates and times.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
For each image acquisition date, adjacent scenes (Worldwide Reference System 2, path 14 row 33 and path 14 row 34) were mosaicked to a single image and clipped to the study area extent.
Process_Date: 2014
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Image classification was performed using Intergraph Corporation ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software. A hybrid classification approach was used to minimize misclassification of small interior water bodies and tidal channels with surrounding marsh environments: (1) A 3×3 (pixel) edge enhancement convolution filter was applied to the radiometrically corrected, mosaicked images to enhance small water features; (2) Unsupervised classification was performed on the edge-enhanced image to identify and extract water areas; (3) Water areas from (2) were masked from the non edge-enhanced image and unsupervised classification of the remaining pixels was grouped into seven classes (water, wet marsh, marsh, forested, mixed vegetation, vegetated bare earth, and bare earth); and (4) Results of (2) and (3) were merged to generate a final thematically classified raster dataset.
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Line feature classes representing open-ocean, back-barrier, and estuarine mainland shoreline positions and beach/sand-line positions were generated from from the final thematic raster datasets using the Raster to Polygon and Polygon to Line tools in ArcGIS 10.2.
Process_Date: 2015
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 18
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
False_Easting: 500000.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001
Planar_Distance_Units: Meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: lt5_sand_shrln_final.gdb
Entity_Type_Definition:
Esri file geodatabase containing 4 vector line datasets representing sand extents and sea, back-barrier, and estuarine mainland shoreline positions derived from Landsat 5 classified imagery
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: lc8_sand_shrln_final.gdb
Entity_Type_Definition:
Esri file geodatabase containing vector line datasets representing sand extents and sea, back-barrier, and estuarine mainland shoreline positions derived from Landsat 8 classified imagery
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: FID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry
Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: DATE
Attribute_Definition: Image acquisition date
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Image acquisition date written as yyyymmdd
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: LENGTH_m
Attribute_Definition: Length of line segment, in meters
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 210
Range_Domain_Maximum: 110700
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 30 meters (1 pixel)
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: TYPE
Attribute_Definition: Line segment type
Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: sand line
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Inland extent of sand behind the open-ocean shoreline
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: sand island
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Sand extents (“islands”) inland of or isolated from the continuous sand line, larger than eleven pixels (about 10,000 m2)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: vegetation island
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Vegetation extents (“islands”) seaward of the continuous sand line, larger than eleven pixels (about 10,000 m2)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: sea shoreline
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ocean-facing sea shoreline
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: back-barrier shoreline
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Estuarine-facing back-barrier shoreline
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: estuarine mainland
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Estuarine-facing mainland shoreline
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: marsh island
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine marsh islands larger than eleven pixels (about 10,000 m2)
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable data
Distribution_Liability:
This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Esri file geodatabase
Format_Version_Number: 10.2.2
Format_Specification: Vector dataset
Format_Information_Content:
This zip file contains two file geodatabases, containing vector line datasets representing sand extents and sea, back-barrier, and estuarine mainland shoreline positions derived from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 classified imagery, respectively, and this metadata.
File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip
Transfer_Size: 0.58
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0968/downloads/landsat_a2a_lc_final.zip
Fees: None, if obtained online
Technical_Prerequisites:
These file geodatabase raster datasets were created using Esri ArcGIS version 10.2.2 and can be opened using Esri ArcGIS version 10.0 or higher; these data may also be viewed using the free GIS viewer ArcGIS Explorer.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20150515
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Person: Julie Bernier
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: Mailing and physical
Address: 600 4th Street South
City: St. Petersburg
State_or_Province: FL
Postal_Code: 33701
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jbernier@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints:
The U.S. Geological Survey requests that it be acknowledged as the originator of this dataset in any future products or research derived from these data.
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
Generated by mp version 2.9.32 on Mon Oct 19 08:51:32 2015