Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicholas J. Zaremba Publication_Date: 07202016 Title: Ground-Penetrating Radar Data and Differential Global Positioning System Data Collected from Long Beach Island, New Jersey, April 2015 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nicholas J. Zaremba Originator: Kathryn E. Smith Originator: James M. Bishop Originator: Christopher G. Smith Publication_Date: 07202016 Title: Ground-Penetrating Radar Data and Differential Global Postiioning Systems Data Collected from Long Beach Island, New Jersey, April 2015 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Publication (Other) Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 1006 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds1006 Description: Abstract: Scientists from the United States Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, and students from the University of Hawaii at Manoa collected sediment cores, sediment surface grab samples, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) data from within the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge–Holgate Unit located on the southern end of Long Beach Island, New Jersey, in April 2015 (FAN 2015-611-FA). The study’s objective was to identify washover deposits in the stratigraphic record to aid in understanding barrier island evolution. This report is an archive of GPR and DGPS data collected from Long Beach Island in 2015. Data products, including raw GPR and processed DGPS data, elevation corrected GPR profiles, and accompanying Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata can be downloaded from the Data Downloads page. Purpose: The data were collected as part of the Barrier Island and Estuarine Wetland Change Assessment (BIWC) (http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/sandy-wetland-assessment/). The primary goal of the BIWC project is to quantify the physical changes that storm processes have on barrier-island wetlands and marsh ecosystems. Supplemental_Information: Data were collected during USGS field activity number (FAN) 2015-611-FA. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20150409 Ending_Date: 20150413 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.283240 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -74.266045 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.531646 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.517144 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificinformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) Theme_Keyword: subsurface profile Theme_Keyword: Barrier Island Mapping Theme_Keyword: FAN 2015-611-FA Theme_Keyword: trackline Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: New Jersey Place_Keyword: Long Beach Island Place_Keyword: Little Egg Harbor Access_Constraints: None. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Contact_Person: Nicholas J. Zaremba Contact_Position: Researcher IV Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nzaremba@usgs.gov Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.2.2 (Build 3552) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A) Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Completeness_Report: A total of 41 GPR lines, representing a linear distance of approximately 5.9 kilometers, were acquired during field activity 2015-611-FA. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Location information associated with each GPR line was determined by postprocessed differential correction using a continuously operating reference stations/rover setup. Briefly, the field setup consisted of one (rover) Ashtech ProFlex Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, collecting raw GNSS data, at 5 Hertz (Hz). Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: During acquisition of various lines, the signal between the GPS rover unit and multiple satellites was interrupted or lost. This lack of communication with the satellites caused either incorrect values or unreliable GPS data to be recorded. Lines 218-221 have non-elevation corrected profile images associated with each line. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: GPR processing: The GPR data were processed using Sandmeier Scientific Software's Reflexw Version 7.2.2 geophysical near surface processing and interpretation software (http://www.sandmeier-geo.de/reflexw.html). Each GPR data file was imported into Reflex and converted from Radan’s proprietary DZT (.dzt) format to a .dat file, this file was exported in ASCII format. Next, a variety of processing steps were used, primarily applying static correction, subtracting-mean (dewow), removing header gain, and applying user-defined gains. After these initial processing steps, the GPS and elevation data were integrated into the trace headers, except for files 218-221. Lastly, all profiles were inspected for data quality to ensure no navigation or trace data gaps were present before the final profile images were output in JPEG format (available for download at pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1006/downloads/2014-611-FA_GPR_Images.zip). If any issues were discovered during the QA/QC process, this information was noted for each affected line and recorded in the metadata. A velocity of 0.09 m/ns was used to calculate and display depth on the elevation-corrected profiles. Process_Date: 20150602 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nicholas J. Zaremba Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Researcher IV Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nzaremba@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Navigation processing: During acquisition, uncorrected real-time rover positions were output as an NMEA GGA string at a 9600 baud rate to an external GPS Acumen data logger [puck] and saved as a .plt file. Data were imported into Radan 7 (GSSI proprietary GPR software) and exported as a KML file. The GGA string data were imported into GrafNav 8.5 and post-processed to the surrounding Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) sites. Once processing was completed, the GGA string was exported and converted to a .txt file. Process_Date: 20150508 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nicholas J. Zaremba Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Researcher IV Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nzaremba@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 41 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: 500000.0 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2015-611-FA_GPR_ASCII_Raw_Data.zip Entity_Type_Definition: File containing each raw, unprocessed GPR profile in ASCII format. Many XYZ processing programs will not accept column header labels; therefore, they were not placed in the file. Column 1= Horizontal distance (meters), Column 2= elevation, Column 3= two-way travel time, Column 4= Amplitude. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Horizontal distance Attribute_Definition: This column indicates the location in meters from the start (0) to the end of the GPR profile, this column can be used to locate the position of reflections. The distance data were collected using the distance measuring wheel. Attribute_Definition_Source: Reflexw Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Values start with 0 (the beginning of the profile) and end with the total distance covered by the profile, units are in meters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Elevation Attribute_Definition: All values in this column are 0 as a result of elevation data being contained in the GGA string and not recorded in the ASCII file. Attribute_Definition_Source: Reflexw Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Values are all zero since elevation data have not been applied. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Two-way travel time Attribute_Definition: This column records the two-way travel time, in nanoseconds, that it takes to reach a reflection from the source. Attribute_Definition_Source: Reflexw Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 170 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Amplitude Attribute_Definition: Amplitude of the reflection, in Megahertz Attribute_Definition_Source: Reflexw Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Data represent the amplitude of the reflection, which can vary widely, and values can be either negative or positive. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2015-611-FA-GGA_Strings.zip Entity_Type_Definition: File containing the processed navigation data for the GPR profiles. Data do not contain column labels Column 1= Message ID $GPGGA, Column 2= UTC of position fix, Column 3= Latitude, Column 4= Direction of latitude: N, Column 5= Longitude, Column 6= Direction of longitude: W, Column 7= GPS Quality indicator:0: Fix not valid 1: GPS fix 2: Differential GPS fix, OmniSTAR VBS 4: Real-Time Kinematic, fixed integers 5: Real-Time Kinematic, float integers, OmniSTAR XP/HP or Location RTK, Column 8= Number of Space Vehicles (SVs) in use, range from 00 through to 24+, Column 9= Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP), Column 10= Orthometric height (MSL reference), Column 11= M: unit of measure for orthometric height is meters, Column 12= Geoid Separation, Geoid 13= M: geoid separation measured in meters, Column 14= Age of differential GPS data record, Type 1 or Type 9. Null field when DGPS is not used. Column 15= Reference station ID, range 0000-4095. A null field when any reference station ID is selected, and no corrections are received. Column 16= The checksum data always begins with *. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute: Attribute_Label: Message ID $GPGGA Attribute_Definition: The type of file, indicates it is a GGA string. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Attribute is a file format identification. Attribute: Attribute_Label: UTC of position fix Attribute_Definition: GPS time in seconds. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Value is GPS time, increases by 1 every second. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: The latitude of the XYZ point, latitude is projected in UTM 18N. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Values are degrees of latitude, spatial data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Direction of latitude: Attribute_Definition: Direction of latitude is in the Northern (N) Hemisphere. Attribute_Definition_Source: GravNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The attribute indicates that the degree of latitude is in the Northern Hemisphere. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: The longitude of the XYZ data point. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Values are the degree of longitude, spatial data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Direction of longitude: Attribute_Definition: Direction of longitude is in the Western (W) Hemisphere. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The attribute indicates that the degree of longitude is in the Western Hemisphere. Attribute: Attribute_Label: GPS Quality indicator: 0: Fix not valid 1: GPS fix 2: Differential GPS fix, OmniSTAR VBS 4: Real-Time Kinematic, fixed integers 5: Real-Time Kinematic, float integers, OmniSTAR XP/HP or Location RTK Attribute_Definition: Defines the type and quality of the DGPS data. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Number of SVs in use, range from 00 through to 24+ Attribute_Definition: Number of satellites utilized by the program to process the data. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 00 Range_Domain_Maximum: 24 Attribute: Attribute_Label: HDOP Attribute_Definition: Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP) expresses the effect of satellite positions on the precision of the reported positions. < 1 Ideal, 1-2 Excellent, 2-5 good, 5-10 moderate, 10-20 fair, >20 poor. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 20 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Orthometric height (MSL reference) Attribute_Definition: Height of the XYZ position in reference to NAVD88 using GEIOD12A. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Elevation above the GEIOD12A in meters, spatial data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: M: unit of measure for orthometric height is meters Attribute_Definition: The orthometric height is reported in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Indicates data are reported in meters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Geoid separation Attribute_Definition: Separation between GEIOD12A and the reference ellipsoid NAVD88 in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Separation between GEIOD12A and the reference ellipsoid NAVD88 in meters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: M: geoid separation measured in meters Attribute_Definition: Defines the separation between GEIOD12A and the reference ellipsoid NAVD88 measured in meters (m). Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Indicates data are reported in meters. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age of differential GPS data record, Type 1 or Type 9. Null field when DGPS is not used. Attribute_Definition: The corrected DGPS time Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Reference station ID, range 0000-4095. A zerois used when any reference station ID is selected and no corrections are received. Attribute_Definition: Refers to the reference station used to process the DGPS data presented in this dataset. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4095 Attribute: Attribute_Label: The checksum data, always begins with * Attribute_Definition: The name of the checksum data used to detect errors. Attribute_Definition_Source: GrafNav Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Numbers increase sequentially by 1. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2015-611-FA_GPR_Profile_Images.zip Entity_Type_Definition: File contains the JPEG images of the processed GPR profiles with the elevation corrections applied. For shore perpendicular profiles, west is on the left-hand side; east is on the right-hand side. For shore-parallel profiles, north is on the left-hand side and south is on the right-hand side. Data were exported from REFLEXW using a vertical velocity of 0.09 m/ns. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2015-611-FA_GPR_KML.zip Entity_Type_Definition: File contains Keyhole Markup Language (KML) files of the GPR profiles, each KML file is a single profile. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2015-611-FA_GPR profile parameters.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: Microsoft Excel table listing the parameters assigned to each GPR profile during collection in the field. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Line Attribute_Definition: Lists the profile name. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 195 Range_Domain_Maximum: 235 Attribute: Attribute_Label: scans/second Attribute_Definition: The horizontal sampling rate if the system is in continuous data collection mode. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Lines 195-221 were collected at a rate of 64 scans/second, lines 222-235 were collected at 32 scans/second. Attribute: Attribute_Label: scans/unit(m) Attribute_Definition: Scan/unit(m) refers to the number of scans per horizontal meter. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Lines 195-221 were collected at a rate of 20 scans/unit(m) lines 222-235 were collected at 28 scans/unit(m). Attribute: Attribute_Label: samples/scan Attribute_Definition: Sample/scan set the number of data samples in a vertical scan. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Lines 195-221 were collected at a rate of 1024 samples/scan, lines 222-235 were collected at 2048 samples/scan. Attribute: Attribute_Label: bits/sample Attribute_Definition: The bits/sample determine the dynamic range of the data. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: All lines were collected at 16 bits/sample. Attribute: Attribute_Label: dielectric constant Attribute_Definition: This column lists the assumed dielectric constant assigned to the GPR during collection of data, this determines the vertical scale, in meters, during data collection. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: All lines were collected with a display assuming a dielectric constant of 15. Attribute: Attribute_Label: range (ns) Attribute_Definition: range (ns) is the maximum two-way travel time in nanoseconds that is viewed during data collection. Attribute_Definition_Source: User defined Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Lines 195-220 were collected with a range of 150, lines 221-235 were collected with a range of 170. Attribute: Attribute_Label: MHz Attribute_Definition: The MHz of the antennae used to collect the data, a 400 MHz antennae was used. Attribute_Definition_Source: Defined by antennae used. Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: All lines were collected with a 400 MHz antennae. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 2015-611-FA_FACs_Digital.zip Entity_Type_Definition: Portable Document Format (PDF) files of the field notes, a list of crew and equipment used during field activity 2015-611-FA, and an XLSX file of start and stop times for GGA strings not associated with GPR data. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nicholas J. Zaremba Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Contact_Position: Researcher IV Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nzaremba@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data were processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Compressed (zip) archive Format_Version_Date: 01282016 Format_Specification: Vector digital data, tabular digital data, raster data Format_Information_Content: These zip archives contain GPR profile data in ASCII format, DGPS GGA strings associated with the GPR profiles, Google Earth KML files of the GPR profiles, JPEG images of the processed GPR profiles with elevation corrections applied, lists of crew and equipment used in PDF format and GPS acquisition parameters in Excel XLSX format. File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Transfer_Size: 1134 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1006/downloads/ Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 03232016 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Nicholas J. Zaremba Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and Physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nzaremba@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998