Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Peter W. Barnes Publication_Date: 1970 Title: Marine geology and oceanography of Santa Cruz basin off southern California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Paper Series_Information: Series_Name: USC-GEOL Issue_Identification: 70-3 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Los Angeles, CA Publisher: University of Southern California Other_Citation_Details: Partially funded through USGS Contract 14-08-0001-10862. Report was submitted to the Chief, Office of Marine Geology and Hydrology, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, and duplicates Barnes' PhD. thesis. Description: Abstract: "An intermediate basin between coastal and offshore depressions of the California Continental Borderland, Santa Cruz Basin, with a general depth of 1900 m, lies south of the Channel Islands. Steep walls, with a thin sediment cover, abut against the flat basin floor. Hummocky topography, related to slumping, marks the northwestern quadrant of the basin floor. Three major canyon systems provide paths for sediments from the northern and southern insular platforms, while buried channels mark the previous existence of a fourth system. The western wall is relatively straight and featureless when compared to the structural terraces, volcanic knolls, and other irregularities of the eastern slope. Hydrographic data indicate that the surface and near surface water circulation is affected by wind stress and the association of the Southern California eddy with the California current. Offshore transport of surface water by both the prevailing northwesterly and easterly ("Santa Ana") winds causes upward water movement, apparently at all depths, which is aided by low stability at and below the basin sill. Most subsurface water movement is toward the north and northwest with considerable variation in speed and direction. A tidal cycle is also shown by the data. Surficial mixing is caused by the combined effects of currents, upwelling, intrabasin seiches, and internal waves. Heatflow and sediment transport are suggested as possible factors in addition to seiches and upwelling to cause overturn of deep basin water. The complex pattern of sedimentation found in the basin is a reflection of oceanographic, physiographic and sedimentologic conditions and geologic history. Partial infilling comes from either end of the basin in the form of turbidite sedimentation. The resulting sedimentary structures reflect both a proximal and distal sedimentation regime. Turbidite and hemipelagic sedimentation is disrupted by bioturbation. This burrowing action of organisms is abundant but patchy, often disrupting structures to the extent of making them almost indiscernible. The hemipelagic sediments found in this basin are organically rich, olive gray clay-silts. The recent stratigraphic history of Santa Cruz Basin is marked by a decreased Holocene rate of "turbidite" sedimentation while the hemipelagic contribution has increased slightly. Carbonate production over the basin as reflected in foraminiferal abundances and total carbonate production has varied greatly, being greatest about 7,000 yr B.P. Correlation using carbonate abundance as a stratigraphic tool reflects a sedimentation trend controlled by topography. Rates of accumulation on the basin floor are greatest (30 mg/cm2/yr) in the deepest portions and become less (9 mg/cm2/yr) as the walls are approached. The changes in production are most probably reflecting changes in productivity of waters overlying the basin. Changes in the circulation pattern are due to the rise and fall of sea level and the resultant topographic effects on oceanography." Purpose: " This study was initiated to extend the sedimentologic and stratigraphic knowledge of borderland history. Thus the objectives of this investigation were to define the basin's physiography, structure, oceanography, and sedimentology through geologic time. Being unique among borderland basins in many of these aspects, Santa Cruz basin offers an environment in which to seek answer to many geologic questions." Supplemental_Information: All stations were occupied with the University of Southern California's Research Vessel, Velero IV. Data digitized by the USGS for inclusion into usSEABED (http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/usseabed) Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1958 Ending_Date: 1968 Currentness_Reference: Publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.80000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.10556 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.92778 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.27500 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: University of Southern California Theme_Keyword: Allan Hancock Foundation Theme_Keyword: Piston core Theme_Keyword: Gravity core Theme_Keyword: Camera Theme_Keyword: Dredge Theme_Keyword: Trigger core Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Oceans and Estuaries Theme_Keyword: Location Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keyword. Version 5.3.3 Theme_Keyword: Marine Sediments Theme_Keyword: Biogenic Sediments Theme_Keyword: Sediment Composition Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Structures Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Textures Theme_Keyword: Terrigenous Sediments Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: California Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Santa Cruz Basin Place_Keyword: Continental Place_Keyword: Borderland Access_Constraints: None. Report is available at the USGS Library and other libraries. Use_Constraints: Cite Peter W. Barnes and the University of Southern California as originators of the data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter W. Barnes Contact_Organization: Now at the U.S. Geological Survey (emeritus) Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mail and Physical Address: 345 Middlefield Road, MS999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5265 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pbarnes@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Barnes_PhD_1970 Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Sample distribution with coastline and bathymetry for reference. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: .jpg Data_Set_Credit: Peter W. Barnes at the University of Southern California for the collection and analysis of data. For inclusion into usSEABED: Digitization: Jane Reid (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS) and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado). Native_Data_Set_Environment: Tkme: Another editor for formal metadata by Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092), version 2.9.13, Microsoft Windows Version 5.1; Microsoft Word 2000 9.0 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No estimate made for the accuracy of the data in the original report. Data digitized by the USGS and partners were visually compared to the source data, and corrected. Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel. Locations checked using GIS. Logical_Consistency_Report: Data fall within normal ranges for analytical results. Completeness_Report: For usSEABED, appendices A and B were completely digitized. Some information from the report text is also included in usSEABED. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation by radar fixes, LORAN, and dead reckoning. Estimated accuracy is 0.5 to 1.0 nm or 1-2 km. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Depth determination by Times Facsimile precision depth recorder or Gifft GDR IC-19-T recorder; accuracy to 1 fathom. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Core descriptions were made using wet cores. Grainsize analyses by sieve and pipette techniques (Rodolfo, 1967). Carbon and total carbon measured using a LEO carbon analyzer following Kolpack and Bell, 1968. Nitrogen content determined using the Kjeldahl technique as discussed by Bradstreet, 1965. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Trask, 1932 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Rodolfo, 1967 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpack and Bell, 1968 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Bradstreet, 1965 Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Barnes_PhD_1970 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Peter W. Barnes Contact_Organization: Now at U.S. Geological Survey (emeritus) Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mail and Physical Address: 345 Middlefield Road, MS999 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5265 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pbarnes@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 62 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Point Entity_Type_Definition: SDTS point Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute: Attribute_Label: AHF Sta. # Attribute_Definition: Station number Attribute_Definition_Source: Allan Hancock Foundation Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential alpha numeric code Attribute: Attribute_Label: Water depth Attribute_Definition: Water depth Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 200 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1925 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Penetration Attribute_Definition: Amount of core penetration Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core length Attribute_Definition: Length of core Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.7 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Remarks Attribute_Definition: Additional information about station or sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Written text Attribute: Attribute_Label: Description Attribute_Definition: Photo descriptions Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Written text Attribute: Attribute_Label: Lithologic description Attribute_Definition: Core descriptions Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Written text Attribute: Attribute_Label: Mean diam. Attribute_Definition: Mean diameter of sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 95.4 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Microns Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sorting Std. Dev. Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of grainsize distribution (sorting) Attribute_Definition_Source: Trask, 1932 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.76 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.82 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Skewness Attribute_Definition: Skewness of grainsize distribution Attribute_Definition_Source: Trask, 1932 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.37 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.69 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Kurtosis Attribute_Definition: Kurtosis of grainsize distribution Attribute_Definition_Source: Trask, 1932 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.71 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.13 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CaCO3 Attribute_Definition: CaCO3 in sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Kolpack and Bell, 1968 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 26.42 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Organic Attribute_Definition: Organic carbon in sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Kolpack and Bell, 1968 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.45 Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.32 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Nitrogen Attribute_Definition: Nitrogen in sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Bradstreet, 1965 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.51 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: C/N Attribute_Definition: Ratio of carbon to nitrogen in sample Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9 Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.6 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical Address: 345 Middlefield Road City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5016 Resource_Description: 203 (083) B2532m Distribution_Liability: Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Report is available at the USGS library, Menlo Park, and other libraries. Fees: None Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: University of Southern California Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical Address: Zumberge Hall Address: 3651 Trousdale Parkway City: Los Angeles State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 90089 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 213-740-6106 Resource_Description: Depends on library Distribution_Liability: Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data. Standard_Order_Process: Non-digital_Form: Report is available at libraries. Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: None Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1970 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2005 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Jane A. Reid Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and mail Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95060 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4727 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jareid@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: email preferred Metadata_Standard_Name: CSDGM Version 2 Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: Metadata was written by a user of the data. Any information contained in the physical report is authoritative and supercedes any information given here.