Calcium carbonate budget of the Southern California Continental Borderland

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Stephen V. Smith

Publication_Date: 1970

Title:

Calcium carbonate budget of the Southern California Continental Borderland

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Paper

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

Issue_Identification: HIG-70-11

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Honolulu, HI

Publisher: University of Hawaii

Other_Citation_Details:

Financed by the Office of Naval Research NR 083 603 and the Naval Undersea Research and Development Center.

Description:

Abstract:

"Calcium carbonate sedimentation of the Southern California Continental Borderland can be examined by means of a budget. Carbonate transfer is the change in amount of calcium carbonate in the Borderland with time. Transfer can be divided into deposition, mechanical transfer other than deposition, biological transfer, and chemical transfer. Most Borderland carbonate deposition occurs on basin floors and basin slopes. Carbonate deposition in the Borderland is 125 x 10e10 g/yr. Aragonite and Mg-calcite percentage decrease with depth; dolomite percentage is a function of geographic coordinate (a response to source area). Total carbonate content of the sediment is independent of depth and geography. Potentially important forms of mechanical transfer include river influx, aerial transfer, and ocean current transfer. Of these, only river influx is an important Borderland carbonate transfer process (16 x 10e10 g/yr). Aerial transfer cycles material produced in the Borderland without removing or adding significant amounts. Ocean currents may be important to intra-system transportation but not to transfer. River input is low-Mg-calcite, with minor amounts of dolomite. Discussion of biological transfer includes only input. Biological input categories are shallow (<30 meters) rocky macrobenthos production, slope macrobenthos production, basin macrobenthos production, foraminifera production, and other production. Shallow rocky macrobenthos production is evaluated from estimates by divers of standing crop and from various estimates of turnover. This production amounts to 40 x 10e10 g/yr. Sandy shelf, slope, and basin macrobenthos production is 34 x 10e10 g/yr. Foraminifera production is 247 x 10e10 g/yr, and other production is assumed to be 25 x 10e10 g/yr. Production by shallow rocky macrobenthos is particularly interesting, because this second-largest of the biological production processes occurs over only 1 percent of the Borderland area. The total production is dominated by low Mg-calcite, with minor amounts of high Mg-calcite and aragonite. Chemical transfer involves solution on the basin floor, where waters are enriched with solution products of 400 x 10e10 g CaCO3. Deep water flushing has been estimated by other workers to be biennial, so 200 x 10e10 g/yr is dissolved. Dolomite is not dissolved; the other carbonate minerals are dissolved to varying extent. Aragonite solution is diminished because only minor amounts of fine-grained aragonite are moved to deep water. Dissolved calcium input rate to the Borderland by rivers can account for 30 per cent of the annual calcium carbonate sedimentation. The remainder of the calcium must be extracted from ocean water flowing through the Borderland. Calcium carbonate production rate in temperate-water shallow rocky bottom areas is comparable to tropical, non-reef production (about 500 g/m2)/yr). Coral reef production is about 10,000 (g/m2)/yr. Pelagic production is about 50 (g/m2)/yr. Pelagic production rates over the world's oceans are capable of exceeding dissolved calcium supply rate of the world's rivers by an order of magnitude. The other two environments may also be able to match river supply of calcium. Excess calcium carbonate is re-dissolved. Tertiary limestones of the Pacific coast of North America are generally either dominated by recognizable debris from one or two phyla or are fine-grained, impure limestones. Both characteristics might be expected of limestones forming in an area similar to the present Borderland. This investigation has demonstrated that considering the budget of carbonate input to and output from an area is an adequate method of enumerating processes controlling carbonate content of marine sediment."

Purpose:

"The present investigation has been directed at learning why the Southern California Continental Borderland is a carbonate-poor province."

Supplemental_Information:

Sediment samples for this investigation were furnished by several organizations. Samples designated to USC identification were provided by the University of Southern California (D. Gorsline, P. Barnes, G. Rattman). SB samples are from the University of California at Santa Barbara (from J. Clarke and D. Doerner). Scripps samples have the prefixes LC, MEN, LFGS, and were supplied by N. Marshall and T. Walsh. DSSP samples were supplied by the Naval Oceanographic Office (from O. Huh). The remainder of the samples (NR, BR, PP, CI, and SC) were collected for this investigation. Data digitized by the USGS for inclusion into usSEABED (<http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/usseabed>)Data may be overlapped by the USC SEDDATA base.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1956

Ending_Date: 1968

Currentness_Reference: Publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.652

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -117.268

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 34.568

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.990

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: University of Hawaii, Honolulu

Theme_Keyword: Grab sample

Theme_Keyword: Gravity core

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: Oceans and Estuaries

Theme_Keyword: Location

Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:

NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keyword. Version 5.3.3

Theme_Keyword: Marine Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Biogenic Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Sediment Chemistry

Theme_Keyword: Sediment Composition

Theme_Keyword: Terrigenous Sediments

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Place_Keyword: California, State of

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Continental

Place_Keyword: Borderland

Access_Constraints:

None. Report is available at the USGS Library and other libraries.

Use_Constraints:

Cite Steve Smith and the University of Hawaii as originators of the data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Stephen V. Smith

Contact_Organization: University of Hawaii

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail and Physical

Address: Department of Oceanography

Address: 1000 Pope Road

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96822

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-8693

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808-956-7112

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: svsmith@soest.hawaii.edu

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Smith_PhD_70

Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Sample distribution with coastline and bathymetry for reference.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: .jpg

Data_Set_Credit:

Stephen V. Smith at the University of Hawaii for the collection and analysis of data. For inclusion into usSEABED: Digitization: Jane Reid (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS) and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado).

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Tkme: Another editor for formal metadata by Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092), version 2.9.13, Microsoft Windows Version 5.1; Microsoft Word 2000 9.0

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

No estimate made for the accuracy of the data in the original report. Data digitized by the USGS and partners were visually compared to the source data, and corrected. Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel. Locations checked using GIS.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Data fall within normal ranges for analytical results.

Completeness_Report:

All data from Table 23 were digitized. For USC samples, a more precise locations were found using NGDC archived data.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Navigation method unknown; no assessment made for location accuracy.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Depth determination method unknown; no assessment made for accuracy.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Mineral identification by X-ray diffraction on ground sample. Calcium carbonate content measured by cation analysis, using EDTA titration (Land, 1966). CO2 analysis by infrared analyzer (Beckman Model IR-215). Calcium and CO2 analyses have precision of less than one percent.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Land, 1966

Process_Date: Unknown

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Smith_PhD_1970

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Stephen V. Smith

Contact_Organization: University of Hawaii

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: Department of Oceanography

Address: 1000 Pope Road

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96822

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-8693

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808-956-7112

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: svsmith@soest.hawaii.edu

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 106

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.01

Longitude_Resolution: 0.01

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Point

Entity_Type_Definition: SDTS point

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sample number

Attribute_Definition: Sample number

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Washington

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Alpha numeric code dependent on sample institution's naming scheme.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Water depth

Attribute_Definition: Water depth

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 2200

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Calcium carbonate

Attribute_Definition: Calcium carbonate

Attribute_Definition_Source: Land, 1966

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 80

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Aragonite

Attribute_Definition: Aragonite percent in the calcium carbonate

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 81

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Dolomite

Attribute_Definition: Dolomite in the calcium carbonate

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 100

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Mg-Calcite

Attribute_Definition: Mg-calcite

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 13

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Not stated

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Hawaii

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: Department of Oceanography

Address: 1000 Pope Road

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96822

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808) 956-7633

Resource_Description: Smith_PhD_1970, HIG-70-11

Distribution_Liability:

Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form:

Report is available at the USGS library, Menlo Park, and other libraries.

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites: None

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail and physical

Address: 345 Middlefield Road

City: Menlo Park

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 94025

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650.329.5026

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: men_lib@usgs.gov

Resource_Description: HIG-70-11

Distribution_Liability:

Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of the limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies, statistical limitations, and digitizing errors.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form:

Report is available for viewing or checkout at the USGS library, Menlo Park, and at other libraries.

Fees: None

Available_Time_Period:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1970

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 2005

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Person: Jane A. Reid

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Physical and mail

Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive

City: Santa Cruz

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4727

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jareid@usgs.gov

Contact_Instructions: Email preferred

Metadata_Standard_Name: CSDGM Version 2

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

Metadata was written by a user of the data. Any information contained in the physical report is authoritative and supercedes any information given here.