Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Ronald L. Ballard
      Publication_Date: 1964
      Title: Distribution of beach sediment near the Columbia River
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Paper
      Series_Information:
        Series_Name: Technical Report
        Issue_Identification: No. 98
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Seattle, WA
        Publisher: University of Washington
      Other_Citation_Details:
        Department of Oceanography;
        Reference: M64-60
        U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)-1725 and
        Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-477(10) Project NR 083 012;
  Description:
    Abstract: "The coastline near the Columbia River, between Tillamook Head, Oregon and Grays Harbor, Washington, is characterized by prograding beaches in contrast to the rest of the Washington-Oregon coast where actively eroding sea cliffs are present.  The Columbia River appears to be the major contributor of sediment to the beaches and probably accounts for their prograding character.  Littoral transport of material from coastal erosion probably has some effect on the sediment budget, but coastal barriers of promontories and estuaries limit influx of this material.  Some material is added to the beach as a result of jetty breakdown, especially near Grays Harbor, Washington.  The net direction of beach sediment movement near the Columbia River appears to be northward.  Seasonal changes in the direction of wave attack complicate the analysis, but the greater energy associated with winter wave conditions is directed northward and probably results in a predominant northerly sediment movement.  Mechanical and heavy mineral analyses are consistent with the results of wave studies."
    Purpose: "The objectives of this report are to describe the sediments of the ocean beaches in the vicinity of the Columbia River and to determine the relationships among the regional topography, the processes active in the beach zone, and the properties of the sediments."
    Supplemental_Information: Samples taken along transects offshore of beaches.  Those samples with a "D" were taken in the offshore trough.  Data digitized by the USGS for the inclusion in, and may overlap other data held in usSEABED.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Range_of_Dates/Times:
        Beginning_Date: 1961
        Ending_Date: 1962
    Currentness_Reference: Publication date
  Status:
    Progress: complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.1700
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.9783
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.0200
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.9650
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: University of Washington
      Theme_Keyword: Department of Oceanography
      Theme_Keyword: Van Veen
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: Oceans and Estuaries
      Theme_Keyword: Location
      Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keyword. Version 5.3.3
      Theme_Keyword: Marine Sediments
      Theme_Keyword: Sediment Composition
      Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Textures
      Theme_Keyword: Terrigenous Sediments
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System
      Place_Keyword: Washington, State of
      Place_Keyword: Grays Harbor
      Place_Keyword: Oregon, State of
      Place_Keyword: Columbia River
      Place_Keyword: Tillamook Head
  Access_Constraints: Report is available at libraries and the University of Washington
  Use_Constraints: Cite Ronald L. Ballard and the University of Washington as originators of the data.
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: University of Washington
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mail
        Address: P.O. Box 357940
        Address: University of Washington
        City: Seattle
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98195
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060
  Browse_Graphic:
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: TechRep98
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Screen grab of GIS-produced sample distribution, with bathymetry and land for reference.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG
  Data_Set_Credit: Ronald L. Ballard at the University of Washington for the collection and analysis of data.  For inclusion into usSEABED: digitization: Jennifer Mendonca (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS); and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado).
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: Tkme: Another editor for formal metadata by Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092), version 2.9.13, Microsoft Windows Version 5.1; Microsoft Word 2000 9.0
Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No estimate made for the accuracy of the data in the original report.  Data digitized by the USGS and partners were visually compared to the source data, and corrected.  Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel.  Locations checked using GIS.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Data fall within normal ranges for the given parameters.
  Completeness_Report: Data digitized include (table 1): locations, granulometric analyses (gravel, sand, silt), Inman statistics; (table 5): relative frequencies of heavy mineral and magnetic mineral (percent) in the 3 to 3.5 phi class from selected cores; (table 6): relative percent of selected heavy minerals [in the 3 to 3.5 phi class].  Not digitized are table 2: averaged mean grainsize values for various beaches; table 3: sorting values for the various beach zones; table 4: skewness values for the various beach zones; table 7: relative frequency of waves with given steepness values from various directions; and table 8: longshore components of wave energy flux.
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigational technique not given.  Latitudes and longitudes given in degrees, tenths, minutes.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Water depth determination technique not given.  Water depths given in feet or physiographic location ("trough").
  Lineage:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description: "The grainsize distribution of each sediment sample was determined by means of a mechanical analysis.  A split portion of each sample was size-graded using 8-inch sieves with screen sizes that followed a 0.5 phi unit progression.  Size statistics were determined using a computer program (Creager, McManus, and Collias, 1962)."
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Creager, McManus, and Collias, 1962
      Process_Date: Unknown
      Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TechRep98
      Process_Contact:
        Contact_Information:
          Contact_Organization_Primary:
            Contact_Organization: University of Washington
          Contact_Address:
            Address_Type: Mail
            Address: P.O. Box 357940
            Address: University of Washington
            City: Seattle
            State_or_Province: WA
            Postal_Code: 98195
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 123
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Geographic:
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.00028
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.00028
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Point
      Entity_Type_Definition: SDTS point
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Source report
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Sample number
      Attribute_Definition: Sample number
      Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Washington
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Alpha numeric number based on cruise, site, sampler, and downcore depth information
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Gravel
      Attribute_Definition: Amount of gravel in sample
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 34.54
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Sand
      Attribute_Definition: Amount of sand in sample
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 65.01
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 99.65
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Silt
      Attribute_Definition: Amount of silt in sample
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.35
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 10.84
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Mean
      Attribute_Definition: Mean grainsize
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Inman, 1952
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.39
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.18
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Standard deviation
      Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of grain size distribution (sorting)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Inman, 1952
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.16
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.22
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Skewness
      Attribute_Definition: First skewness of grain size distribution
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Inman, 1952
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.63
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.48
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Heavy minerals
      Attribute_Definition: Heavy mineral frequency in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.5
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 81.7
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Magnetic minerals
      Attribute_Definition: Magnetic minerals frequency in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.4
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 23.2
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Mica
      Attribute_Definition: Mica percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 49
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Cor
      Attribute_Definition: Corundum percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 20
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Iron oxide
      Attribute_Definition: Iron oxide percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 19
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Hbl
      Attribute_Definition: Hornblende percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 46
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Hyp
      Attribute_Definition: Hypersthene percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 34
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Oliv
      Attribute_Definition: Olivine percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 16
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Other Amph
      Attribute_Definition: Other amphibole percent in heavy-mineral portion in fine-sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 24
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Other
      Attribute_Definition: Other heavy minerals percent in heavy mineral portion in fine sand fraction (3.0 to 3.5 phi)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Range_Domain:
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 20
          Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent
          Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: University of Washington
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Mail
        Address: P.O. Box 357940
        Address: University of Washington
        City: Seattle
        State_or_Province: WA
        Postal_Code: 98195
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060
  Resource_Description: University of Washington Department of Oceanography Technical Report 98
  Distribution_Liability: Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data.  Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Non-digital_Form: Report is available at libraries and the University of Washington.
    Fees: None
  Technical_Prerequisites: None
  Available_Time_Period:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 1962
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 2005
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Jane A. Reid
      Contact_Position: Geologist
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: Physical and mail
        Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive
        City: Santa Cruz
        State_or_Province: CA
        Postal_Code: 95060
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4727
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jareid@usgs.gov
      Contact_Instructions: Email preferred
  Metadata_Standard_Name: CSDGM Version 2
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: Metadata was written by a user of the data.  Any information contained in the physical report is authoritative and supercedes any information given here.